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Ronan G, Bahcecioglu G, Yang J, Zorlutuna P. Cardiac tissue-resident vesicles differentially modulate anti-fibrotic phenotype by age and sex through synergistic miRNA effects. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122671. [PMID: 38941684 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. Cardiac fibrosis is a harmful result of repeated myocardial infarction that increases risk of morbidity and future injury. Interestingly, both rates and outcomes of cardiac fibrosis differ between young and aged individuals, as well as men and women. Here, for the first time, we identify and isolate matrix-bound extracellular vesicles from the left ventricles (LVs) of young or aged males and females in both human and murine models. These LV vesicles (LVVs) show differences in morphology and content between these four cohorts in both humans and mice. LVV effects on fibrosis were also investigated in vitro, and aged male LVVs were pro-fibrotic while other LVVs were anti-fibrotic. From these LVVs, we could identify therapeutic miRNAs to promote anti-fibrotic effects. Four miRNAs were identified and together, but not individually, demonstrated significant cardioprotective effects when transfected. This suggests that miRNA synergy can regulate cell response, not just individual miRNAs, and also indicates that biological agent-associated therapeutic effects may be recapitulated using non-immunologically active agents. Furthermore, that chronic changes in LVV miRNA content may be a major factor in sex- and age-dependent differences in clinical outcomes of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Ronan
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA; Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Gokhan Bahcecioglu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA; Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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2
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Andrzejczyk K, Abou Kamar S, van Ommen AM, Canto ED, Petersen TB, Valstar G, Akkerhuis KM, Cramer MJ, Umans V, Rutten FH, Teske A, Boersma E, Menken R, van Dalen BM, Hofstra L, Verhaar M, Brugts J, Asselbergs F, den Ruijter H, Kardys I. Identifying plasma proteomic signatures from health to heart failure, across the ejection fraction spectrum. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14871. [PMID: 38937570 PMCID: PMC11211454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating proteins may provide insights into the varying biological mechanisms involved in heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We aimed to identify specific proteomic patterns for HF, by comparing proteomic profiles across the ejection fraction spectrum. We investigated 4210 circulating proteins in 739 patients with normal (Stage A/Healthy) or elevated (Stage B) filling pressures, HFpEF, or ischemic HFrEF (iHFrEF). We found 2122 differentially expressed proteins between iHFrEF-Stage A/Healthy, 1462 between iHFrEF-HFpEF and 52 between HFpEF-Stage A/Healthy. Of these 52 proteins, 50 were also found in iHFrEF vs. Stage A/Healthy, leaving SLITRK6 and NELL2 expressed in lower levels only in HFpEF. Moreover, 108 proteins, linked to regulation of cell fate commitment, differed only between iHFrEF-HFpEF. Proteomics across the HF spectrum reveals overlap in differentially expressed proteins compared to stage A/Healthy. Multiple proteins are unique for distinguishing iHFrEF from HFpEF, supporting the capacity of proteomics to discern between these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Andrzejczyk
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Abou Kamar
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Mar van Ommen
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Dal Canto
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of General Practice & Nursing Science, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Teun B Petersen
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gideon Valstar
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - K Martijn Akkerhuis
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Jan Cramer
- Clinical Cardiology Department, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Victor Umans
- Department of Cardiology, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | - Frans H Rutten
- Department of General Practice & Nursing Science, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arco Teske
- Clinical Cardiology Department, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Boersma
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roxana Menken
- Cardiology Centers of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas M van Dalen
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonard Hofstra
- Cardiology Centers of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Brugts
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert Asselbergs
- Clinical Cardiology Department, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hester den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Clinical Cardiology Department, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Isabella Kardys
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Chen S, Wang K, Fan Z, Zhou T, Li R, Zhang B, Chen J, Chi J, Wei K, Liu J, Liu Z, Ma J, Dong N, Liu J. Modulation of anti-cardiac fibrosis immune responses by changing M2 macrophages into M1 macrophages. Mol Med 2024; 30:88. [PMID: 38879491 PMCID: PMC11179216 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00858-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages play a crucial role in the development of cardiac fibrosis (CF). Although our previous studies have shown that glycogen metabolism plays an important role in macrophage inflammatory phenotype, the role and mechanism of modifying macrophage phenotype by regulating glycogen metabolism and thereby improving CF have not been reported. METHODS Here, we took glycogen synthetase kinase 3β (GSK3β) as the target and used its inhibitor NaW to enhance macrophage glycogen metabolism, transform M2 phenotype into anti-fibrotic M1 phenotype, inhibit fibroblast activation into myofibroblasts, and ultimately achieve the purpose of CF treatment. RESULTS NaW increases the pH of macrophage lysosome through transmembrane protein 175 (TMEM175) and caused the release of Ca2+ through the lysosomal Ca2+ channel mucolipin-2 (Mcoln2). At the same time, the released Ca2+ activates TFEB, which promotes glucose uptake by M2 and further enhances glycogen metabolism. NaW transforms the M2 phenotype into the anti-fibrotic M1 phenotype, inhibits fibroblasts from activating myofibroblasts, and ultimately achieves the purpose of treating CF. CONCLUSION Our data indicate the possibility of modifying macrophage phenotype by regulating macrophage glycogen metabolism, suggesting a potential macrophage-based immunotherapy against CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tingwen Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bingxia Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jiangyang Chi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Keke Wei
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jincheng Liu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zongtao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jingwei Ma
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Junwei Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Erley J, Jahnke CM, Schüttler S, Molwitz I, Chen H, Meyer M, Muellerleile K, Cavus E, Lund GK, Blankenberg S, Adam G, Tahir E. Sex-specific ventricular morphology, function, and tissue characteristics in arterial hypertension: a magnetic resonance study of the Hamburg city health cohort. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-10797-2. [PMID: 38819515 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10797-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of arterial hypertension (AHT), sex, and the interaction between both left- and right ventricular (LV, RV) morphology, function, and tissue characteristics. METHODS The Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS) is a population-based, prospective, monocentric study. 1972 individuals without a history of cardiac diseases/ interventions underwent 3 T cardiac MR imaging (CMR). Generalized linear models were conducted, including AHT, sex (and the interaction if significant), age, body mass index, place of birth, diabetes mellitus, smoking, hyperlipoproteinemia, atrial fibrillation, and medication. RESULTS Of 1972 subjects, 68% suffered from AHT. 42% with AHT and 49% controls were female. Females overall showed a higher ejection fraction (EF) (LV: regression coefficient +2.4% [95% confidence interval: 1.7; 3.1]), lower volumes and LV mass (-19.8% [-21.3; -18.5]), and prolonged native septal T1 (+22.1 ms [18.3; 25.9])/T2 relaxation times (+1.1 ms [0.9; 1.3]) (all p < 0.001) compared to males. Subjects with AHT showed a higher EF (LV: +1.2% [0.3; 2.0], p = 0.009) and LV mass (+6.6% [4.3; 9.0], p < 0.001) than controls. The interaction between sex and AHT influenced mapping. After excluding segments with LGE, males (-0.7 ms [-1.0; -0.3 | ) and females with AHT (-1.1 ms [-1.6; -0.6]) showed shorter T2 relaxation times than the sex-respective controls (p < 0.001), but the effect was stronger in females. CONCLUSION In the HCHS, female and male subjects with AHT likewise showed a higher EF and LV mass than controls, independent of sex. However, differences in tissue characteristics between subjects with AHT and controls appeared to be sex-specific. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT The interaction between sex and cardiac risk factors is an underestimated factor that should be considered when comparing tissue characteristics between hypertensive subjects and controls, and when establishing cut-off values for normal and pathological relaxation times. KEY POINTS There are sex-dependent differences in arterial hypertension, but it is unclear if cardiac MR parameters are sex-specific. Differences in cardiac MR parameters between hypertensive subjects and healthy controls appeared to be sex-specific for tissue characteristics. Sex needs to be considered when comparing tissue characteristics in patients with arterial hypertension to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Erley
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Charlotte M Jahnke
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V. (DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Schüttler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Molwitz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Meyer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Muellerleile
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V. (DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ersin Cavus
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V. (DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gunnar K Lund
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V. (DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Enver Tahir
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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5
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Croft AJ, Kelly C, Chen D, Haw TJ, Balachandran L, Murtha LA, Boyle AJ, Sverdlov AL, Ngo DTM. Sex-based differences in short- and longer-term diet-induced metabolic heart disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H1219-H1251. [PMID: 38363215 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00467.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Sex-based differences in the development of obesity-induced cardiometabolic dysfunction are well documented, however, the specific mechanisms are not completely understood. Obesity has been linked to dysregulation of the epitranscriptome, but the role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation has not been investigated in relation to the sex differences during obesity-induced cardiac dysfunction. In the current study, male and female C57BL/6J mice were subjected to short- and long-term high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet to induce obesogenic stress. Cardiac echocardiography showed males developed systolic and diastolic dysfunction after 4 mo of diet, but females maintained normal cardiac function despite both sexes being metabolically dysfunctional. Cardiac m6A machinery gene expression was differentially regulated by duration of HFHS diet in male, but not female mice, and left ventricular ejection fraction correlated with RNA machinery gene levels in a sex- and age-dependent manner. RNA-sequencing of cardiac transcriptome revealed that females, but not males may undergo protective cardiac remodeling early in the course of obesogenic stress. Taken together, our study demonstrates for the first time that cardiac RNA methylation machinery genes are regulated early during obesogenic stress in a sex-dependent manner and may play a role in the sex differences observed in cardiometabolic dysfunction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sex differences in obesity-associated cardiomyopathy are well documented but incompletely understood. We show for the first time that RNA methylation machinery genes may be regulated in response to obesogenic diet in a sex- and age-dependent manner and levels may correspond to cardiac systolic function. Our cardiac RNA-seq analysis suggests female, but not male mice may be protected from cardiac dysfunction by a protective cardiac remodeling response early during obesogenic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Croft
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Conagh Kelly
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dongqing Chen
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tatt Jhong Haw
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lohis Balachandran
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lucy A Murtha
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew J Boyle
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aaron L Sverdlov
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Doan T M Ngo
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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Raisi-Estabragh Z, Szabo L, Schuermans A, Salih AM, Chin CWL, Vágó H, Altmann A, Ng FS, Garg P, Pavanello S, Marwick TH, Petersen SE. Noninvasive Techniques for Tracking Biological Aging of the Cardiovascular System: JACC Family Series. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2024:S1936-878X(24)00082-2. [PMID: 38597854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Population aging is one of the most important demographic transformations of our time. Increasing the "health span"-the proportion of life spent in good health-is a global priority. Biological aging comprises molecular and cellular modifications over many years, which culminate in gradual physiological decline across multiple organ systems and predispose to age-related illnesses. Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of ill health and premature death in older people. The rate at which biological aging occurs varies across individuals of the same age and is influenced by a wide range of genetic and environmental exposures. The authors review the hallmarks of biological cardiovascular aging and their capture using imaging and other noninvasive techniques and examine how this information may be used to understand aging trajectories, with the aim of guiding individual- and population-level interventions to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Raisi-Estabragh
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Liliana Szabo
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Semmelweis University, Heart and Vascular Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Art Schuermans
- Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ahmed M Salih
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester UK; Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Calvin W L Chin
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular Academic Clinical Programme, Duke National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hajnalka Vágó
- Semmelweis University, Heart and Vascular Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andre Altmann
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fu Siong Ng
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pankaj Garg
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Medical School, Norwich, United Kingdom; Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Pavanello
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Padua Hospital, Occupational Medicine Unit, Padua, Italy; University Center for Space Studies and Activities "Giuseppe Colombo" - CISAS, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Steffen E Petersen
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Health Data Research UK, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Niego B, Jupp B, Zia NA, Xu R, Jap E, Ezeani M, Noor A, Donnelly PS, Hagemeyer CE, Alt K. Molecular Imaging of Diffuse Cardiac Fibrosis with a Radiotracer That Targets Proteolyzed Collagen IV. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 2024; 6:e230098. [PMID: 38512024 PMCID: PMC11056764 DOI: 10.1148/ryct.230098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To develop an approach for in vivo detection of interstitial cardiac fibrosis using PET with a peptide tracer targeting proteolyzed collagen IV (T-peptide). Materials and Methods T-peptide was conjugated to the copper chelator MeCOSar (chemical name, 5-(8-methyl-3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaaza-bicyclo[6.6.6]icosan-1-ylamino)-5-oxopentanoic acid) and radiolabeled with copper 64 (64Cu). PET/CT scans were acquired following intravenous delivery of 64Cu-T-peptide-MeCOSar (0.25 mg/kg; 18 MBq ± 2.7 [SD]) to male transgenic mice overexpressing β2-adrenergic receptors with intermediate (7 months of age; n = 4 per group) to severe (10 months of age; n = 11 per group) cardiac fibrosis and their wild-type controls. PET scans were also performed following coadministration of the radiolabeled probe with nonlabeled T-peptide in excess to confirm binding specificity. PET data were analyzed by t tests for static scans and analysis of variance tests (one- or two-way) for dynamic scans. Results PET/CT scans revealed significantly elevated (2.24-4.26-fold; P < .05) 64Cu-T-peptide-MeCOSar binding in the fibrotic hearts of aged transgenic β2-adrenergic receptor mice across the entire 45-minute acquisition period compared with healthy controls. The cardiac tracer accumulation and presence of diffuse cardiac fibrosis in older animals were confirmed by gamma counting (P < .05) and histologic evaluation, respectively. Coadministration of a nonradiolabeled probe in excess abolished the elevated radiotracer binding in the aged transgenic hearts. Importantly, PET tracer accumulation was also detected in younger (7 months of age) transgenic mice with intermediate cardiac fibrosis, although this was only apparent from 20 minutes following injection (1.6-2.2-fold binding increase; P < .05). Conclusion The T-peptide PET tracer targeting proteolyzed collagen IV provided a sensitive and specific approach of detecting diffuse cardiac fibrosis at varying degrees of severity in a transgenic mouse model. Keywords: Diffuse Cardiac Fibrosis, Molecular Peptide Probe, Molecular Imaging, PET/CT © RSNA, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas A. Zia
- From the NanoBiotechnology Laboratory (B.N., R.X., M.E., C.E.H.) and
NanoTheranostics Laboratory (E.J., K.A.), Australian Centre for Blood Diseases,
Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University,
Melbourne, Australia (B.J.); and School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science
and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
(N.A.Z., A.N., P.S.D.)
| | - Rong Xu
- From the NanoBiotechnology Laboratory (B.N., R.X., M.E., C.E.H.) and
NanoTheranostics Laboratory (E.J., K.A.), Australian Centre for Blood Diseases,
Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University,
Melbourne, Australia (B.J.); and School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science
and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
(N.A.Z., A.N., P.S.D.)
| | - Edwina Jap
- From the NanoBiotechnology Laboratory (B.N., R.X., M.E., C.E.H.) and
NanoTheranostics Laboratory (E.J., K.A.), Australian Centre for Blood Diseases,
Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University,
Melbourne, Australia (B.J.); and School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science
and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
(N.A.Z., A.N., P.S.D.)
| | - Martin Ezeani
- From the NanoBiotechnology Laboratory (B.N., R.X., M.E., C.E.H.) and
NanoTheranostics Laboratory (E.J., K.A.), Australian Centre for Blood Diseases,
Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University,
Melbourne, Australia (B.J.); and School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science
and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
(N.A.Z., A.N., P.S.D.)
| | - Asif Noor
- From the NanoBiotechnology Laboratory (B.N., R.X., M.E., C.E.H.) and
NanoTheranostics Laboratory (E.J., K.A.), Australian Centre for Blood Diseases,
Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University,
Melbourne, Australia (B.J.); and School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science
and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
(N.A.Z., A.N., P.S.D.)
| | - Paul S. Donnelly
- From the NanoBiotechnology Laboratory (B.N., R.X., M.E., C.E.H.) and
NanoTheranostics Laboratory (E.J., K.A.), Australian Centre for Blood Diseases,
Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University,
Melbourne, Australia (B.J.); and School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science
and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
(N.A.Z., A.N., P.S.D.)
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8
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Niedermayer F, Schauberger G, Rathmann W, Klug SJ, Thorand B, Peters A, Rospleszcz S. Clusters of longitudinal risk profile trajectories are associated with cardiometabolic diseases: Results from the population-based KORA cohort. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300966. [PMID: 38547172 PMCID: PMC10977748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple risk factors contribute jointly to the development and progression of cardiometabolic diseases. Therefore, joint longitudinal trajectories of multiple risk factors might represent different degrees of cardiometabolic risk. METHODS We analyzed population-based data comprising three examinations (Exam 1: 1999-2001, Exam 2: 2006-2008, Exam 3: 2013-2014) of 976 male and 1004 female participants of the KORA cohort (Southern Germany). Participants were followed up for cardiometabolic diseases, including cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction and stroke, or a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, until 2016. Longitudinal multivariate k-means clustering identified sex-specific trajectory clusters based on nine cardiometabolic risk factors (age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body-mass-index, waist circumference, Hemoglobin-A1c, total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Associations between clusters and cardiometabolic events were assessed by logistic regression models. RESULTS We identified three trajectory clusters for men and women, respectively. Trajectory clusters reflected a distinct distribution of cardiometabolic risk burden and were associated with prevalent cardiometabolic disease at Exam 3 (men: odds ratio (OR)ClusterII = 2.0, 95% confidence interval: (0.9-4.5); ORClusterIII = 10.5 (4.8-22.9); women: ORClusterII = 1.7 (0.6-4.7); ORClusterIII = 5.8 (2.6-12.9)). Trajectory clusters were furthermore associated with incident cardiometabolic cases after Exam 3 (men: ORClusterII = 3.5 (1.1-15.6); ORClusterIII = 7.5 (2.4-32.7); women: ORClusterII = 5.0 (1.1-34.1); ORClusterIII = 8.0 (2.2-51.7)). Associations remained significant after adjusting for a single time point cardiovascular risk score (Framingham). CONCLUSIONS On a population-based level, distinct longitudinal risk profiles over a 14-year time period are differentially associated with cardiometabolic events. Our results suggest that longitudinal data may provide additional information beyond single time-point measures. Their inclusion in cardiometabolic risk assessment might improve early identification of individuals at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Niedermayer
- Chair of Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gunther Schauberger
- Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Research Institute, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefanie J. Klug
- Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Chair of Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Disease Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Rospleszcz
- Chair of Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Disease Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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9
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Almeida AG, Grapsa J, Gimelli A, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Gerber B, Ajmone-Marsan N, Bernard A, Donal E, Dweck MR, Haugaa KH, Hristova K, Maceira A, Mandoli GE, Mulvagh S, Morrone D, Plonska-Gosciniak E, Sade LE, Shivalkar B, Schulz-Menger J, Shaw L, Sitges M, von Kemp B, Pinto FJ, Edvardsen T, Petersen SE, Cosyns B. Cardiovascular multimodality imaging in women: a scientific statement of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2024; 25:e116-e136. [PMID: 38198766 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent an important cause of mortality and morbidity in women. It is now recognized that there are sex differences regarding the prevalence and the clinical significance of the traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors as well as the pathology underlying a range of CVDs. Unfortunately, women have been under-represented in most CVD imaging studies and trials regarding diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics. There is therefore a clear need for further investigation of how CVD affects women along their life span. Multimodality CV imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis of CVD in women as well as in prognosis, decision-making, and monitoring of therapeutics and interventions. However, multimodality imaging in women requires specific consideration given the differences in CVD between the sexes. These differences relate to physiological changes that only women experience (e.g. pregnancy and menopause) as well as variation in the underlying pathophysiology of CVD and also differences in the prevalence of certain conditions such as connective tissue disorders, Takotsubo, and spontaneous coronary artery dissection, which are all more common in women. This scientific statement on CV multimodality in women, an initiative of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging of the European Society of Cardiology, reviews the role of multimodality CV imaging in the diagnosis, management, and risk stratification of CVD, as well as highlights important gaps in our knowledge that require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Almeida
- Heart and Vessels Department, University Hospital Santa Maria, CAML, CCUL, Faculty of Medicine of Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Julia Grapsa
- Cardiology Department, Guys and St Thomas NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Alessia Gimelli
- Imaging Department, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guys' and St Thomas NHS Hospitals, London, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bernhard Gerber
- Service de Cardiologie, Département Cardiovasculaire, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Division CARD, Institut de Recherche Expérimental et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nina Ajmone-Marsan
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Bernard
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Service de Cardiologie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Erwan Donal
- CHU Rennes, Inserm, LTSI-UMR 1099, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Marc R Dweck
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Chancellors Building, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kristina H Haugaa
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- ProCardio Center for Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Krassimira Hristova
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alicia Maceira
- Ascires Biomedical Group, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences School, UCH-CEU University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Giulia Elena Mandoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sharon Mulvagh
- Division of Cardiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Doralisa Morrone
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Leyla Elif Sade
- Cardiology Department, University of Baskent, Ankara, Turkey
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Jeanette Schulz-Menger
- Charité ECRC Medical Faculty of the Humboldt University Berlin and Helios-Clinics, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK, Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leslee Shaw
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
| | - Marta Sitges
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berlinde von Kemp
- Cardiology, Centrum voor Hart en Vaatziekten (CHVZ), Universitair Ziejkenhuis Brussel (UZB), Vrij Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fausto J Pinto
- Heart and Vessels Department, University Hospital Santa Maria, CAML, CCUL, Faculty of Medicine of Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Thor Edvardsen
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- ProCardio Center for Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steffen E Petersen
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Bernard Cosyns
- Cardiology, Centrum voor Hart en Vaatziekten (CHVZ), Universitair Ziejkenhuis Brussel (UZB), Vrij Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Thej C, Kishore R. Epigenetic regulation of sex dimorphism in cardiovascular health. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38427976 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting people of all races, ages, and sexes. Substantial sex dimorphism exists in the prevalence, manifestation, and outcomes of CVDs. Understanding the role of sex hormones as well as sex-hormone-independent epigenetic mechanisms could play a crucial role in developing effective and sex-specific cardiovascular therapeutics. Existing research highlights significant disparities in sex hormones, epigenetic regulators, and gene expression related to cardiac health, emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding of these variations between men and women. Despite these differences, current treatment approaches for CVDs often lack sex-specific considerations. A pivotal shift toward personalized medicine, informed by comprehensive insights into sex-specific DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA dynamics, holds the potential to revolutionize CVD management. By understanding sex-specific epigenetic complexities, independent of sex hormone influence, future cardiovascular research can be tailored to achieve effective diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for both men and women. This review summarizes the current knowledge and gaps in epigenetic mechanisms and sex dimorphism implicated in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charan Thej
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Raj Kishore
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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11
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Yu Y, Liu JY, Yang HJ, Luo XQ, Gao XP, Huang XX, Tang AX, Mary Cheng HY, Liu WC, Zhang P. Circadian disruption during fetal development promotes pathological cardiac remodeling in male mice. iScience 2024; 27:109008. [PMID: 38352228 PMCID: PMC10863319 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Disruption of circadian rhythms during fetal development may predispose mice to developing heart disease later in life. Here, we report that male, but not female, mice that had experienced chronic circadian disturbance (CCD) in utero were more susceptible to pathological cardiac remodeling compared with mice that had developed under normal intrauterine conditions. CCD-treated males showed ventricular chamber dilatation, enhanced myocardial fibrosis, decreased contractility, higher rates of induced tachyarrhythmia, and elevated expression of biomarkers for heart failure and myocardial remodeling. In utero CCD exposure also triggered sex-dependent changes in cardiac gene expression, including upregulation of the secretoglobin gene, Scgb1a1, in males. Importantly, cardiac overexpression of Scgb1a1 was sufficient to induce myocardial hypertrophy in otherwise naive male mice. Our findings reveal that in utero CCD exposure predisposes male mice to pathological remodeling of the heart later in life, likely as a consequence of SCGB1A1 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Hui-Jiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Luo
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Huang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Ao-Xue Tang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Hai-Ying Mary Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Wei-Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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12
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Dewar MB, Ehsan F, Izumi A, Zhang H, Zhou YQ, Shah H, Langburt D, Suresh H, Wang T, Hacker A, Hinz B, Gillis J, Husain M, Heximer SP. Defining Transcriptomic Heterogeneity between Left and Right Ventricle-Derived Cardiac Fibroblasts. Cells 2024; 13:327. [PMID: 38391940 PMCID: PMC10887120 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a key aspect of heart failure, leading to reduced ventricular compliance and impaired electrical conduction in the myocardium. Various pathophysiologic conditions can lead to fibrosis in the left ventricle (LV) and/or right ventricle (RV). Despite growing evidence to support the transcriptomic heterogeneity of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) in healthy and diseased states, there have been no direct comparisons of CFs in the LV and RV. Given the distinct natures of the ventricles, we hypothesized that LV- and RV-derived CFs would display baseline transcriptomic differences that influence their proliferation and differentiation following injury. Bulk RNA sequencing of CFs isolated from healthy murine left and right ventricles indicated that LV-derived CFs may be further along the myofibroblast transdifferentiation trajectory than cells isolated from the RV. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of the two populations confirmed that Postn+ CFs were more enriched in the LV, whereas Igfbp3+ CFs were enriched in the RV at baseline. Notably, following pressure overload injury, the LV developed a larger subpopulation of pro-fibrotic Thbs4+/Cthrc1+ injury-induced CFs, while the RV showed a unique expansion of two less-well-characterized CF subpopulations (Igfbp3+ and Inmt+). These findings demonstrate that LV- and RV-derived CFs display baseline subpopulation differences that may dictate their diverging responses to pressure overload injury. Further study of these subpopulations will elucidate their role in the development of fibrosis and inform on whether LV and RV fibrosis require distinct treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bradley Dewar
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Fahad Ehsan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Aliya Izumi
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Yu-Qing Zhou
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterial & Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Haisam Shah
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Dylan Langburt
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Hamsini Suresh
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Alison Hacker
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Keenan Research Institute for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Jesse Gillis
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Mansoor Husain
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Scott Patrick Heximer
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
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13
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Rowland MB, Moore PE, Correll RN. Regulation of cardiac fibroblast cell death by unfolded protein response signaling. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1304669. [PMID: 38283278 PMCID: PMC10811265 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1304669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a tightly regulated organelle that requires specific environmental properties to efficiently carry out its function as a major site of protein synthesis and folding. Embedded in the ER membrane, ER stress sensors inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) serve as a sensitive quality control system collectively known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). In response to an accumulation of misfolded proteins, the UPR signals for protective mechanisms to cope with the cellular stress. Under prolonged unstable conditions and an inability to regain homeostasis, the UPR can shift from its original adaptive response to mechanisms leading to UPR-induced apoptosis. These UPR signaling pathways have been implicated as an important feature in the development of cardiac fibrosis, but identifying effective treatments has been difficult. Therefore, the apoptotic mechanisms of UPR signaling in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are important to our understanding of chronic fibrosis in the heart. Here, we summarize the maladaptive side of the UPR, activated downstream pathways associated with cell death, and agents that have been used to modify UPR-induced apoptosis in CFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary B. Rowland
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Patrick E. Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Robert N. Correll
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
- Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
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14
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De Blasio MJ, Ohlstein EH, Ritchie RH. Therapeutic targets of fibrosis: Translational advances and current challenges. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2839-2845. [PMID: 37846458 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In a physiological context, the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides an important scaffold for organs. Dysregulation of ECM in disease conditions, characterised by excess deposition of connective tissue and extracellular matrix in response to a pathological insult, is a key driver of disease progression in multiple organs. The resultant fibrosis is predominantly an irreversible process and directly contributes to, and exacerbates, dysfunction of an affected organ. This is particularly paramount in the kidney, liver, heart and lung. A hybrid Joint Meeting of NC-IUPHAR and British Pharmacological Society was held in Paris and via a webinar in November 2020, when two successive sessions were devoted to translational advances in fibrosis as a therapeutic target. On the upsurge of response to these sessions, the concept of a special themed issue on this topic emerged, and is entitled Translational Advances in Fibrosis as a Therapeutic Target. In this special issue, we seek to provide an up-to-date account of the diverse molecular mechanisms and causal role that fibrosis plays in disease progression (contributing to, and exacerbating, dysfunction of affected organs). Recent developments in the understanding of molecular targets involved in fibrosis, and how their actions can be manipulated therapeutically, are included. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Translational Advances in Fibrosis as a Therapeutic Target. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.22/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles J De Blasio
- Cardio-Metabolic Physiology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eliot H Ohlstein
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Rouhana S, Jacyniak K, Francis ME, Falzarano D, Kelvin AA, Pyle WG. Sex differences in the cardiac stress response following SARS-CoV-2 infection of ferrets. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1153-H1167. [PMID: 37737732 PMCID: PMC10894670 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00101.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection damages the heart, increasing the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Female sex protects against complications of infection; females are less likely to experience severe illness or death, although their risk for postacute sequelae of COVID-19 ("long COVID") is higher than in males. Despite the important role of the heart in COVID-19 outcomes, molecular elements in the heart impacted by SARS-CoV-2 are poorly understood. Similarly, the role sex has on the myocardial effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been investigated at a molecular level. We intranasally inoculated female and male ferrets with SARS-CoV-2 and assessed myocardial stress signals, inflammation, and the innate immune response for 14 days. Myocardial phosphorylated GSK3α/β decreased at day 2 postinfection (pi) in male ferrets, whereas females showed no changes. Myocardial levels of p62/SQSTM1 decreased in male ferrets at days 2, 7, and 14 pi while lower baseline levels in females increased on day 2. Phosphorylated ERK1/2 increased in cardiomyocyte nuclei in females on days 2 and 14 pi, whereas male ferrets had no changes. Only hearts from females increased fibrosis on day 14 pi. Immune and inflammation markers increased in hearts, with some sex differences. These results are the first to identify myocardial stress responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection and reveal sex differences that may contribute to differential outcomes. Future research is required to define the pathways involving these stress signals to fully understand the myocardial effects of COVID-19 and identify targets that mitigate cardiac injury following SARS-CoV-2 infection.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cardiovascular disease is a leading risk factor for severe COVID-19, and cardiovascular pathologies are among the most common adverse outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Females and males have different outcomes and adverse cardiovascular events following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study shows sex differences in stress proteins p62/SQSTM1, ERK1/2, and GSK3α/β, along with innate immunity and inflammation in hearts of ferrets infected with SARS-CoV-2, identifying mechanisms of COVID-19 cardiac injury and cardiac complications of long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rouhana
- IMPART Investigator Team, Dalhousie Medicine, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathy Jacyniak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Magen E Francis
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Darryl Falzarano
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Alyson A Kelvin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - W Glen Pyle
- IMPART Investigator Team, Dalhousie Medicine, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Sharma A, De Blasio M, Ritchie R. Current challenges in the treatment of cardiac fibrosis: Recent insights into the sex-specific differences of glucose-lowering therapies on the diabetic heart: IUPHAR Review 33. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2916-2933. [PMID: 35174479 PMCID: PMC10952904 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant cardiac complication of diabetes is cardiomyopathy, a form of ventricular dysfunction that develops independently of coronary artery disease, hypertension and valvular diseases, which may subsequently lead to heart failure. Several structural features underlie the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and eventual diabetes-induced heart failure. Pathological cardiac fibrosis (interstitial and perivascular), in addition to capillary rarefaction and myocardial apoptosis, are particularly noteworthy. Sex differences in the incidence, development and presentation of diabetes, heart failure and interstitial myocardial fibrosis have been identified. Nevertheless, therapeutics specifically targeting diabetes-associated cardiac fibrosis remain lacking and treatment approaches remain the same regardless of patient sex or the co-morbidities that patients may present. This review addresses the observed anti-fibrotic effects of newer glucose-lowering therapies and traditional cardiovascular disease treatments, in the diabetic myocardium (from both preclinical and clinical contexts). Furthermore, any known sex differences in these treatment effects are also explored. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Translational Advances in Fibrosis as a Therapeutic Target. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.22/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhipree Sharma
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS)Monash UniversityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Miles De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS)Monash UniversityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PharmacologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Rebecca Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS)Monash UniversityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PharmacologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Department of MedicineMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
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17
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Rodríguez-López M, Sepúlveda-Martínez Á, Bernardino G, Crovetto F, Pajuelo C, Sitges M, Bijnens B, Gratacós E, Crispi F. Cardiometabolic sex differences in adults born small for gestational age. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1223928. [PMID: 37953765 PMCID: PMC10634502 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1223928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to assess the cardiometabolic sex similarities and differences in adults born small for gestational age. Methods This study was an ambispective cohort study from a birth registry in Barcelona, Spain, including 523 adult participants (20-40 years-old) subdivided as born small for gestational age (SGA, if birth weight <10th centile) or adequate fetal growth for gestational age (AGA). Cardiometabolic health was assessed by echocardiography, electrocardiogram, blood pressure measurement, vascular ultrasound, anthropometric measurements, and serum glycemia and lipid profile. Stratified analyses by sex were performed by estimation of adjusted absolute difference (AAD) using inverse probability weighting. Results Compared with AGA, the stratified analyses by sex showed a more pronounced reduction in ejection fraction [AAD: female -1.73 (95% CI -3.2 to -0.28) vs. male -1.33 (-3.19 to 0.52)] and increment in heart rate [female 3.04 (0.29-5.8) vs. male 2.25 (-0.82 to 5.31)] in SGA females compared with SGA males. In contrast, a more pronounced reduction in PR interval [female -1.36 (-6.15 to 3.42) vs. male -6.61 (-11.67 to -1.54)] and an increase in systolic blood pressure [female 0.06 (-2.7 to 2.81) vs. male 2.71 (-0.48 to 5.9)] and central-to-peripheral fat ratio [female 0.05 (-0.03 to 0.12) vs. male 0.40 (0.17-0.62)] were mainly observed in SGA male compared with SGA female. Conclusions Sex differences were observed in the effect of SGA on cardiometabolic endpoints with female being more prone to cardiac dysfunction and male to electrocardiographic, vascular, and metabolic changes. Future research including sex-stratification data is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mérida Rodríguez-López
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédica en Red – Enfermedades Raras, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
- Clinical Research Center, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | - Álvaro Sepúlveda-Martínez
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédica en Red – Enfermedades Raras, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Gabriel Bernardino
- BCN Medtech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Crovetto
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédica en Red – Enfermedades Raras, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Pajuelo
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Centre for Biomedical Research on CardioVascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Sitges
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Centre for Biomedical Research on CardioVascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bart Bijnens
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Gratacós
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédica en Red – Enfermedades Raras, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fàtima Crispi
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédica en Red – Enfermedades Raras, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Cohen CD, De Blasio MJ, Farrugia GE, Dona MS, Hsu I, Prakoso D, Kiriazis H, Krstevski C, Nash DM, Li M, Gaynor TL, Deo M, Drummond GR, Ritchie RH, Pinto AR. Mapping the cellular and molecular landscape of cardiac non-myocytes in murine diabetic cardiomyopathy. iScience 2023; 26:107759. [PMID: 37736052 PMCID: PMC10509303 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with a significantly elevated risk of heart failure. However, despite extensive efforts to characterize the phenotype of the diabetic heart, the molecular and cellular protagonists that underpin cardiac pathological remodeling in diabetes remain unclear, with a notable paucity of data regarding the impact of diabetes on non-myocytes within the heart. Here we aimed to define key differences in cardiac non-myocytes between spontaneously type-2 diabetic (db/db) and healthy control (db/h) mouse hearts. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed a concerted diabetes-induced cellular response contributing to cardiac remodeling. These included cell-specific activation of gene programs relating to fibroblast hyperplasia and cell migration, and dysregulation of pathways involving vascular homeostasis and protein folding. This work offers a new perspective for understanding the cellular mediators of diabetes-induced cardiac pathology, and pathways that may be targeted to address the cardiac complications associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D. Cohen
- Cardiac Cellular Systems, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Prahran, VIC, Australia
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Miles J. De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gabriella E. Farrugia
- Cardiac Cellular Systems, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Prahran, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Malathi S.I. Dona
- Cardiac Cellular Systems, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian Hsu
- Cardiac Cellular Systems, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Darnel Prakoso
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Preclinical Cardiology, Microsurgery and Imaging Platform, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Prahran, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Crisdion Krstevski
- Cardiac Cellular Systems, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Prahran, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David M. Nash
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mandy Li
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Taylah L. Gaynor
- Cardiac Cellular Systems, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Prahran, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Grant R. Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca H. Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexander R. Pinto
- Cardiac Cellular Systems, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Prahran, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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19
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Yang H, Teng H, Luo P, Fu R, Wang X, Qin G, Gao M, Ren J. The role of left ventricular hypertrophy measured by echocardiography in screening patients with ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries: a cross-sectional study. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING 2023; 39:1657-1666. [PMID: 37237153 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-023-02879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Many patients with ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) have a poor prognosis. This study aims to explore the diagnostic value of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)-related ultrasound parameters in INOCA patients. The study group consisted of 258 patients with INOCA in this retrospective cross-sectional study, and these patients were free of obstructive coronary artery disease, previous revascularization, atrial fibrillation, ejection fraction < 50%, major distortions of left ventricular geometry, suspected non-ischaemic causes. Control individuals were matched 1:1 with study group according to age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, and time of hospital stay. According to left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and relative wall thickness, left ventricular geometry was composed of concentric hypertrophy, eccentric hypertrophy, concentric remodeling and normal geometry. LVH-related parameters, left ventricular geometry, demographic characteristics, laboratory parameters and other echocardiographic indicators were compared between the two groups. Subgroup analysis was performed based on sex. LVMI in the study group was higher than that in the control group (86.86 ± 18.83 g/m2 vs 82.25 ± 14.29 g/m2, P = 0.008). The ratio of LVH was higher in the study group (20.16% vs 10.85%, P = 0.006). After subgroup analysis based on sex, LVMI differences (85.77 ± 18.30 g/m2 vs 81.59 ± 14.64 g/m2, P = 0.014) and the ratio of LVH differences (25.00% vs 14.77%, P = 0.027) still existed in females between the two groups. There was no difference in the constituent ratio of left ventricular geometry between the two groups (P = 0.157). Sex-based subgroup analysis showed no difference in the constituent ratio of left ventricular geometry between the two groups in females (P = 0.242). The degree of LVH in the study group was higher than that in the control group, suggesting that LVH may play an important role in the occurrence and development of INOCA. Moreover, LVH-related ultrasound parameters may be of higher diagnostic value for female INOCA patients than for male INOCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Teng
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruqian Fu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Qin
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Ren
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Ivanova MM, Dao J, Slayeh OA, Friedman A, Goker-Alpan O. Circulated TGF-β1 and VEGF-A as Biomarkers for Fabry Disease-Associated Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2023; 12:2102. [PMID: 37626912 PMCID: PMC10453505 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is a lysosomal disorder caused by α-galactosidase A deficiency, resulting in the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb-3) and its metabolite globotriaosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb-3). Cardiovascular complications and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are the most frequent manifestations of FD. While an echocardiogram and cardiac MRI are clinical tools to assess cardiac involvement, hypertrophic pattern variations and fibrosis make it crucial to identify biomarkers to predict early cardiac outcomes. This study aims to investigate potential biomarkers associated with HCM in FD: transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β active form (a-TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) in 45 patients with FD, categorized into cohorts based on the HCM severity. TGF-β1, a-TGF-β, FGF2, and VEGF-A were elevated in FD. While the association of TGF-β1 with HCM was not gender-related, VEGF was elevated in males with FD and HCM. Female patients with abnormal electrocardiograms but without overt HCM also have elevated TGF-β1. Lyso-Gb3 is correlated with TGF-β1, VEGF-A, and a-TGF-β1. Elevation of TGF-β1 provides evidence of the chronic inflammatory state as a cause of myocardial fibrosis in FD patients; thus, it is a potential marker of early cardiac fibrosis detected even prior to hypertrophy. TGF-β1 and VEGF biomarkers may be prognostic indicators of adverse cardiovascular events in FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita M. Ivanova
- Lysosomal & Rare Disorders Research and Treatment Center, 3702 Pender Drive, Ste 170, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ozlem Goker-Alpan
- Lysosomal & Rare Disorders Research and Treatment Center, 3702 Pender Drive, Ste 170, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Iacopo Fabiani
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michela Chianca
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
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22
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van den Berg PF, Aboumsallem JP, Screever EM, Shi C, de Wit S, Bracun V, Yousif LI, Geerlings L, Wang D, Ho JE, Bakker SJ, van der Vegt B, Silljé HH, de Boer RA, Meijers WC. Fibrotic Marker Galectin-3 Identifies Males at Risk of Developing Cancer and Heart Failure. JACC CardioOncol 2023; 5:445-453. [PMID: 37614579 PMCID: PMC10443113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer and heart failure (HF) are the leading causes of death in the Western world. Shared mechanisms such as fibrosis may underlie either disease entity, furthermore it is unknown whether this relationship is sex-specific. Objectives We sought to investigate how fibrosis-related biomarker galectin-3 (gal-3) aids in identifying individuals at risk for new-onset cancer and HF, and how this differs between sexes. Methods Gal-3 was measured at baseline and at 4-year follow-up in 5,786 patients of the PREVEND (Prevention of Renal and Vascular Endstage Disease) study. The total follow-up period was 11.5 years. An increase of ≥50% in gal-3 levels between measurements was considered relevant. We performed sex-stratified log-rank tests and Cox regression analyses overall and by sex to evaluate the association of gal-3 over time with both new-onset cancer and new-onset HF. Results Of the 5,786 healthy participants (50% males), 399 (59% males) developed new-onset cancer, and 192 (65% males) developed new-onset HF. In males, an increase in gal-3 was significantly associated with new-onset cancer (both combined and certain cancer-specific subtypes), after adjusting for age, body mass index, hypertension, smoking status, estimated glomerular filtration rate, diabetes mellitus, triglycerides, coronary artery disease, and C-reactive protein (HR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.32-2.71; P < 0.001). Similar analyses demonstrated an association with new-onset HF in males (HR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.07-2.95; P = 0.028). In females, changes in gal-3 over time were neither associated with new-onset cancer nor new-onset HF. Conclusions Gal-3, a marker of fibrosis, is associated with new-onset cancer and new-onset HF in males, but not in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter F. van den Berg
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joseph Pierre Aboumsallem
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elles M. Screever
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Canxia Shi
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne de Wit
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Valentina Bracun
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura I. Yousif
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus Medical center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lotte Geerlings
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dongyu Wang
- Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Ho
- Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephan J.L. Bakker
- Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bert van der Vegt
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Herman H.W. Silljé
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A. de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus Medical center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter C. Meijers
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus Medical center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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23
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Collins HE. Female cardiovascular biology and resilience in the setting of physiological and pathological stress. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102747. [PMID: 37216702 PMCID: PMC10209889 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
For years, females were thought of as smaller men with complex hormonal cycles; as a result, females have been largely excluded from preclinical and clinical research. However, in the last ten years, with the increased focus on sex as a biological variable, it has become clear that this is not the case, and in fact, male and female cardiovascular biology and cardiac stress responses differ substantially. Premenopausal women are protected from cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and resultant heart failure, having preserved cardiac function, reduced adverse remodeling, and increased survival. Many underlying biological processes that contribute to ventricular remodeling differ between the sexes, such as cellular metabolism; immune cell responses; cardiac fibrosis and extracellular matrix remodeling; cardiomyocyte dysfunction; and endothelial biology; however, it is unclear how these changes afford protection to the female heart. Although many of these changes are dependent on protection provided by female sex hormones, several of these changes occur independent of sex hormones, suggesting that the nature of these changes is more complex than initially thought. This may be why studies focused on the cardiovascular benefits of hormone replacement therapy in post-menopausal women have provided mixed results. Some of the complexity likely stems from the fact that the cellular composition of the heart is sexually dimorphic and that in the setting of MI, different subpopulations of these cell types are apparent. Despite the documented sex-differences in cardiovascular (patho)physiology, the underlying mechanisms that contribute are largely unknown due to inconsistent findings amongst investigators and, in some cases, lack of rigor in reporting and consideration of sex-dependent variables. Therefore, this review aims to describe current understanding of the sex-dependent differences in the myocardium in response to physiological and pathological stressors, with a focus on the sex-dependent differences that contribute to post-infarction remodeling and resultant functional decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Collins
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Delia B. Baxter Research Building, University of Louisville, 580 S. Preston S, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Getahun GK, Goshu BY, Goshu DY, Mekuria ZN. Cardiovascular disease risk among hypertensive patients and associated determinants in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: an institutional-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068948. [PMID: 37339829 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the level of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and associated factors among hypertensive patients having follow-up at selected hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2022. SETTING A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in public and tertiary hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from 15 January 2022 to 30 July 2022. PARTICIPANTS A total of 326 adult hypertensive patients who visited the chronic diseases clinic for follow-up were included in the study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES A high predicted 10-year CVD risk level was assessed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and physical measurement (primary data) and reviews of medical data records (secondary data) by using a non-laboratory WHO risk prediction chart. Logistic regression with an adjusted OR (AOR) using a 95% CI was calculated for independent variables associated with 10-year CVD risk. RESULTS The prevalence of a high predicted 10-year CVD risk level was 28.2% (95% CI 10.34% to 33.2%) among the study participants. A higher CVD risk level was found to be associated with age (AOR 4.2 for age 64-74, 95% CI 1.67 to 10.66), being male (AOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.18, 3.67), unemployment (AOR 3.2, 95% CI 1.06 to 6.25) and stage 2 systolic blood pressure (AOR 11.32; 95% CI 3.43 to 37.46). CONCLUSION The study showed that the respondent's age, gender, occupation and high systolic blood pressure were determinant factors for CVD risks. Therefore, routine screening for the presence of CVD risk factors and assessment of CVD risk are recommended for hypertensive patients for CVD risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genanew Kassie Getahun
- Department of Public Health, Menelik II Medical and Health Science College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Dejuma Yadeta Goshu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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25
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de Bakker M, Petersen TB, Akkerhuis KM, Harakalova M, Umans VA, Germans T, Caliskan K, Katsikis PD, van der Spek PJ, Suthahar N, de Boer RA, Rizopoulos D, Asselbergs FW, Boersma E, Kardys I. Sex-based differences in cardiovascular proteomic profiles and their associations with adverse outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:29. [PMID: 37198662 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies focusing on sex differences in circulating proteins in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are scarce. Insight into sex-specific cardiovascular protein profiles and their associations with the risk of adverse outcomes may contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiological processes involved in HFrEF. Moreover, it could provide a basis for the use of circulating protein measurements for prognostication in women and men, wherein the most relevant protein measurements are applied in each of the sexes. METHODS In 382 patients with HFrEF, we performed tri-monthly blood sampling (median follow-up: 25 [13-31] months). We selected all baseline samples and two samples closest to the primary endpoint (PEP: composite of cardiovascular death, heart transplantation, left ventricular assist device implantation, and HF hospitalization) or censoring. We then applied an aptamer-based multiplex proteomic assay identifying 1105 proteins previously associated with cardiovascular disease. We used linear regression models and gene-enrichment analysis to study sex-based differences in baseline levels. We used time-dependent Cox models to study differences in the prognostic value of serially measured proteins. All models were adjusted for the MAGGIC HF mortality risk score and p-values for multiple testing. RESULTS In 104 women and 278 men (mean age 62 and 64 years, respectively) cumulative PEP incidence at 30 months was 25% and 35%, respectively. At baseline, 55 (5%) out of the 1105 proteins were significantly different between women and men. The female protein profile was most strongly associated with extracellular matrix organization, while the male profile was dominated by regulation of cell death. The association of endothelin-1 (Pinteraction < 0.001) and somatostatin (Pinteraction = 0.040) with the PEP was modified by sex, independent of clinical characteristics. Endothelin-1 was more strongly associated with the PEP in men (HR 2.62 [95%CI, 1.98, 3.46], p < 0.001) compared to women (1.14 [1.01, 1.29], p = 0.036). Somatostatin was positively associated with the PEP in men (1.23 [1.10, 1.38], p < 0.001), but inversely associated in women (0.33 [0.12, 0.93], p = 0.036). CONCLUSION Baseline cardiovascular protein levels differ between women and men. However, the predictive value of repeatedly measured circulating proteins does not seem to differ except for endothelin-1 and somatostatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie de Bakker
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC Cardiovascular Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Na-316, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teun B Petersen
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC Cardiovascular Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Na-316, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Martijn Akkerhuis
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC Cardiovascular Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Na-316, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Harakalova
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Victor A Umans
- Department of Cardiology, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd Germans
- Department of Cardiology, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Kadir Caliskan
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC Cardiovascular Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Na-316, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J van der Spek
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Navin Suthahar
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC Cardiovascular Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Na-316, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC Cardiovascular Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Na-316, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitris Rizopoulos
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Cardiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eric Boersma
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC Cardiovascular Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Na-316, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabella Kardys
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC Cardiovascular Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Na-316, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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26
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Conlon FL, Arnold AP. Sex chromosome mechanisms in cardiac development and disease. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:340-350. [PMID: 37808586 PMCID: PMC10558115 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Many human diseases, including cardiovascular disease, show differences between men and women in pathology and treatment outcomes. In the case of cardiac disease, sex differences are exemplified by differences in the frequency of specific types of congenital and adult-onset heart disease. Clinical studies have suggested that gonadal hormones are a factor in sex bias. However, recent research has shown that gene and protein networks under non-hormonal control also account for cardiac sex differences. In this review, we describe the sex chromosome pathways that lead to sex differences in the development and function of the heart and highlight how these findings affect future care and treatment of cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank L Conlon
- Departments of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Arthur P Arnold
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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27
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Lang CI, Dahmen A, Vasudevan P, Lemcke H, Gäbel R, Öner A, Ince H, David R, Wolfien M. Cardiac cell therapies for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction in mice: systematic review and meta-analysis. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:640-652. [PMID: 36890093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Backgound Aims: This meta-analysis aims at summarizing the whole body of research on cell therapies for acute myocardial infarction (MI) in the mouse model to bring forward ongoing research in this field of regenerative medicine. Despite rather modest effects in clinical trials, pre-clinical studies continue to report beneficial effects of cardiac cell therapies for cardiac repair following acute ischemic injury. Results: The authors' meta-analysis of data from 166 mouse studies comprising 257 experimental groups demonstrated a significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction of 10.21% after cell therapy compared with control animals. Subgroup analysis indicated that second-generation cell therapies such as cardiac progenitor cells and pluripotent stem cell derivatives had the highest therapeutic potential for minimizing myocardial damage post-MI. Conclusions: Whereas the vision of functional tissue replacement has been replaced by the concept of regional scar modulation in most of the investigated studies, rather basic methods for assessing cardiac function were most frequently used. Hence, future studies will highly benefit from integrating methods for assessment of regional wall properties to evolve a deeper understanding of how to modulate cardiac healing after acute MI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anika Dahmen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany; Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Praveen Vasudevan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany; Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Heiko Lemcke
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany; Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf Gäbel
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany; Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alper Öner
- Department of Cardiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hüseyin Ince
- Department of Cardiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert David
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany; Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Markus Wolfien
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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28
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Salerno N, Marino F, Scalise M, Salerno L, Molinaro C, Filardo A, Chiefalo A, Panuccio G, De Angelis A, Urbanek K, Torella D, Cianflone E. Pharmacological clearance of senescent cells improves cardiac remodeling and function after myocardial infarction in female aged mice. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 208:111740. [PMID: 36150603 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are predominantly an aging disease. Important sex-specific differences exist and the mechanism(s) by which this sex-by-age interaction influences CVD development and progression remains elusive. Accordingly, it is still unknown whether cell senescence, a main feature of cardiac male aging, is a significant feature also of the female aged mouse heart and whether senolytics, senescence-clearing compounds, promote myocardial repair and regeneration after myocardial infarction (MI) in aged female mice. To this aim, the combination of two senolytics, dasatinib and quercetin (D+Q) or just their vehicle was administered to 22-24 months old C57BL/6 female mice after MI. D+Q improved global left ventricle function and myocardial performance after MI whereby female cardiac aging is characterized by accumulation of cardiac senescent cells that are further increased by MI. Despite their terminal differentiation nature, also cardiomyocytes acquire a senescent phenotype with age in females. D+Q removed senescent cardiac non-myocyte and myocyte cells ameliorating cardiac remodeling and regeneration. Senolytics removed aged dysfunctional cardiac stem/progenitor cells (CSCs), relieving healthy CSCs with normal proliferative and cardiomyogenic differentiation potential. In conclusions, cardiac senescent cells accumulate in the aged female hearts. Removing senescent cells is a key therapeutic target for efficient repair of the aged female heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Salerno
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fabiola Marino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariangela Scalise
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Salerno
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Claudia Molinaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Filardo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Chiefalo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Panuccio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonella De Angelis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Konrad Urbanek
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, 88121, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele Torella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Cianflone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
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29
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Martins AF, Neto AC, Rodrigues AR, Oliveira SM, Sousa-Mendes C, Leite-Moreira A, Gouveia AM, Almeida H, Neves D. Metformin Prevents Endothelial Dysfunction in Endometriosis through Downregulation of ET-1 and Upregulation of eNOS. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2782. [PMID: 36359302 PMCID: PMC9687337 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate if the treatment with metformin affects the morphologic structure, endothelial function, angiogenesis, inflammation and oxidation-responsive pathways in the heart of mice with surgically induced endometriosis. B6CBA/F1 mice (n = 37) were divided into four groups; Sham (S), Metformin (M), Endometriosis (E) and Metformin/Endometriosis (ME). The cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes was assessed after Hematoxylin-Eosin staining and fibrosis after Picrosirius-Red staining. ET-1, nitric oxide synthases-iNOS and eNOS, and VEGF and VEGFR-2 were detected by immunofluorescence. Semi-quantification of ET-1, eNOS, VEGF, NF-kB, Ikβα and KEAP-1 was performed by Western blotting. MIR199a, MIR16-1, MIR18a, MIR20a, MIR155, MIR200a, MIR342, MIR24-1 and MIR320a were quantified by Real-Time qPCR. The interaction of endometriosis and metformin effects was assessed by a two-way ANOVA test. Compared with the other groups, M-treated mice presented a higher cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes. Heart fibrosis increased with endometriosis. Treatment of endometriosis with metformin in the ME group downregulates ET-1 and upregulates eNOS expression comparatively with the E group. However, metformin failed to mitigate NF-kB expression significantly incremented by endometriosis. The expression of MIR199a, MIR16-1 and MIR18a decreased with endometriosis, whereas MIR20a showed an equivalent trend, altogether reducing cardioprotection. In summary, metformin diminished endometriosis-associated endothelial dysfunction but did not mitigate the increase in NF-kB expression and cardiac fibrosis in mice with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Martins
- Department of Biomedicine-Experimental Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Neto
- Department of Biomedicine-Experimental Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adriana Raquel Rodrigues
- Department of Biomedicine-Experimental Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Marisa Oliveira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Sousa-Mendes
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Maria Gouveia
- Department of Biomedicine-Experimental Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique Almeida
- Department of Biomedicine-Experimental Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Delminda Neves
- Department of Biomedicine-Experimental Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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30
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Savva C, Helguero LA, González-Granillo M, Melo T, Couto D, Angelin B, Domingues MR, Li X, Kutter C, Korach-André M. Molecular programming modulates hepatic lipid metabolism and adult metabolic risk in the offspring of obese mothers in a sex-specific manner. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1057. [PMID: 36195702 PMCID: PMC9532402 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Male and female offspring of obese mothers are known to differ extensively in their metabolic adaptation and later development of complications. We investigate the sex-dependent responses in obese offspring mice with maternal obesity, focusing on changes in liver glucose and lipid metabolism. Here we show that maternal obesity prior to and during gestation leads to hepatic steatosis and inflammation in male offspring, while female offspring are protected. Females from obese mothers display important changes in hepatic transcriptional activity and triglycerides profile which may prevent the damaging effects of maternal obesity compared to males. These differences are sustained later in life, resulting in a better metabolic balance in female offspring. In conclusion, sex and maternal obesity drive differently transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of major metabolic processes in offspring liver, explaining the sexual dimorphism in obesity-associated metabolic risk. Sex and maternal obesity drive differently transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of major metabolic processes in the livers of female and male offspring, contributing to the sexual dimorphism in obesity-associated metabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Savva
- Department of Medicine, Cardiometabolic Unit and Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luisa A Helguero
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniela Couto
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bo Angelin
- Department of Medicine, Cardiometabolic Unit and Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Xidan Li
- Department of Medicine, Cardiometabolic Unit and Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Kutter
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marion Korach-André
- Department of Medicine, Cardiometabolic Unit and Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Gene Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden.
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31
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Cao Y, Vergnes L, Wang YC, Pan C, Chella Krishnan K, Moore TM, Rosa-Garrido M, Kimball TH, Zhou Z, Charugundla S, Rau CD, Seldin MM, Wang J, Wang Y, Vondriska TM, Reue K, Lusis AJ. Sex differences in heart mitochondria regulate diastolic dysfunction. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3850. [PMID: 35787630 PMCID: PMC9253085 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) exhibits a sex bias, being more common in women than men, and we hypothesize that mitochondrial sex differences might underlie this bias. As part of genetic studies of heart failure in mice, we observe that heart mitochondrial DNA levels and function tend to be reduced in females as compared to males. We also observe that expression of genes encoding mitochondrial proteins are higher in males than females in human cohorts. We test our hypothesis in a panel of genetically diverse inbred strains of mice, termed the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel (HMDP). Indeed, we find that mitochondrial gene expression is highly correlated with diastolic function, a key trait in HFpEF. Consistent with this, studies of a "two-hit" mouse model of HFpEF confirm that mitochondrial function differs between sexes and is strongly associated with a number of HFpEF traits. By integrating data from human heart failure and the mouse HMDP cohort, we identify the mitochondrial gene Acsl6 as a genetic determinant of diastolic function. We validate its role in HFpEF using adenoviral over-expression in the heart. We conclude that sex differences in mitochondrial function underlie, in part, the sex bias in diastolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karthickeyan Chella Krishnan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Timothy M Moore
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Manuel Rosa-Garrido
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Todd H Kimball
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarada Charugundla
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christoph D Rau
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yibin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas M Vondriska
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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32
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Roohaninasab M, Yavari SF, Babazadeh M, Hagh RA, Pazoki M, Amrovani M. Evaluating the Role of lncRNAs in the Incidence of Cardiovascular Diseases in Androgenetic Alopecia Patients. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:603-619. [PMID: 35507254 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09742-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hair loss occurs in patients with Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA). The pattern of hair loss is different between men and women. The main cause of hair loss is increased cell apoptosis and decreased regeneration, proliferation and differentiation processes in hair follicles. Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are one of the most important molecules that regulate the processes of apoptosis, regeneration, proliferation and differentiation in hair follicles. Since studies have shown that lncRNAs can be effective in the development of cardiotoxicity and induction of cardiovascular disease (CVD); so effective lncRNAs in the regulation of regeneration, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of hair follicles can be involved in the development of CVD in AGA patients with. Therefore, this study investigated the lncRNAs involved in increasing apoptosis and reducing the processes of regeneration, proliferation and differentiation of hair follicles. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of lncRNAs as a risk factor in the incidence of CVD in AGA patients; it will help to design treatment strategies by targeting signaling pathways without any cardiotoxicity complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Roohaninasab
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Sattarkhan St, Tehran, 1445613131, Iran
| | - Shadnaz Fakhteh Yavari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Parvaz Research Ideas Supporter Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Babazadeh
- Department of Dermatology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mahboubeh Pazoki
- Department of Cardiology, Rasoul Akram General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehran Amrovani
- High Institute for Education and Research in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
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Cornwell JD, McDermott JC. MEF2 in cardiac hypertrophy in response to hypertension. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2022; 33:204-212. [PMID: 35026393 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a globally prevalent pathological condition and an underlying risk factor for the development of cardiac hypertrophy leading to heart failure. Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (Mef2) has been identified as one of the primary effectors of morphological changes in the hypertensive heart, as part of a complex network of molecular signaling controlling cardiac gene expression. Experimental chronic pressure-overload models that mimic hypertension in the mammalian heart lead to the activation of various pathological mechanisms that result in structural changes leading to debilitating cardiac hypertrophy and ultimately heart failure. The purpose here is to survey the literature implicating Mef2 in hypertension induced cardiac hypertrophy, towards illuminating points of interest for understanding and potentially treating heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Cornwell
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - John C McDermott
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
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Crescioli C. The Role of Estrogens and Vitamin D in Cardiomyocyte Protection: A Female Perspective. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1815. [PMID: 34944459 PMCID: PMC8699224 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Women experience a dramatical raise in cardiovascular events after menopause. The decline in estrogens is pointed to as the major responsible trigger for the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Indeed, the menopausal transition associates with heart macro-remodeling, which results from a fine-tuned cell micro-remodeling. The remodeling of cardiomyocytes is a biomolecular response to several physiologic and pathologic stimuli, allowing healthy adaptation in normal conditions or maladaptation in an unfavorable environment, ending in organ architecture disarray. Estrogens largely impinge on cardiomyocyte remodeling, but they cannot fully explain the sex-dimorphism of CVD risk. Albeit cell remodeling and adaptation are under multifactorial regulation, vitamin D emerges to exert significant protective effects, controlling some intracellular paths, often shared with estrogen signaling. In post-menopause, the unfavorable association of hypoestrogenism-D hypovitaminosis may converge towards maladaptive remodeling and contribute to increased CVD risk. The aim of this review is to overview the role of estrogens and vitamin D in female cardiac health, speculating on their potential synergistic effect in cardiomyocyte remodeling, an issue that is not yet fully explored. Further learning the crosstalk between these two steroids in the biomolecular orchestration of cardiac cell fate during adaptation may help the translational approach to future cardioprotective strategies for women health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Crescioli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy
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Sex differences in cardiac function and clinical outcome in patients with a Fontan circulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcchd.2021.100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Ischemic preconditioning protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury in chronic kidney disease in both males and females. Biol Sex Differ 2021; 12:49. [PMID: 34488888 PMCID: PMC8420010 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-021-00392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uremic cardiomyopathy is a common cardiovascular complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and fibrosis enhancing the susceptibility of the heart to acute myocardial infarction. In the early stages of CKD, approximately 60% of patients are women. We aimed to investigate the influence of sex on the severity of uremic cardiomyopathy and the infarct size-limiting effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPRE) in experimental CKD. METHODS CKD was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy in 9-week-old male and female Wistar rats. Two months later, serum and urine laboratory parameters were measured to verify the development of CKD. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac function and morphology. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis were measured by histology. Left ventricular expression of A- and B-type natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) were measured by qRT-PCR and circulating BNP level was measured by ELISA. In a subgroup of animals, hearts were perfused according to Langendorff and were subjected to 35 min global ischemia and 120 min reperfusion with or without IPRE (3 × 5 min I/R cycles applied before index ischemia). Then infarct size or phosphorylated and total forms of proteins related to the cardioprotective RISK (AKT, ERK1,2) and SAFE (STAT3) pathways were measured by Western blot. RESULTS The severity of CKD was similar in males and females. However, CKD males developed more severe LVH compared to females as assessed by echocardiography. Histology revealed cardiac fibrosis only in males in CKD. LV ANP expression was significantly increased due to CKD in both sexes, however, LV BNP and circulating BNP levels failed to significantly increase in CKD. In both sexes, IPRE significantly decreased the infarct size in both the sham-operated and CKD groups. IPRE significantly increased the phospho-STAT3/STAT3 ratio in sham-operated but not in CKD animals in both sexes. There were no significant differences in phospho-AKT/AKT and phospho-ERK1,2/ERK1,2 ratios between the groups. CONCLUSION The infarct size-limiting effect of IPRE was preserved in both sexes in CKD despite the more severe uremic cardiomyopathy in male CKD rats. Further research is needed to identify crucial molecular mechanisms in the cardioprotective effect of IPRE in CKD.
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Aimo A, Panichella G, Barison A, Maffei S, Cameli M, Coiro S, D'Ascenzi F, Di Mario C, Liga R, Marcucci R, Morrone D, Olivotto I, Tritto I, Emdin M. Sex-related differences in ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2021; 339:62-69. [PMID: 34314766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiology, clinical features and outcome of myocardial infarction (MI) display significant differences between men and women. Prominent sex differences have also been suggested in left ventricular (LV) remodeling after MI. Ventricular remodeling refers to a deterioration of LV geometry and function often leading to heart failure (HF) development and an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Women have a lower propensity to the acquisition of a spherical geometry and LV dysfunction. These differences can be attributed at least partially to a lower frequency of transmural infarction and smaller areas of microvascular obstruction in women, as well as to a less prominent activation of neuroendocrine systems and apoptotic, inflammatory and profibrotic pathways in women. Estrogens might play a role in this difference, which could partially persist even after the menopause because of a persisting intramyocardial synthesis of estrogens in women. Conversely, androgens may exert a detrimental influence. Future studies should better clarify sex differences in the predictors, clinical correlates, prognostic impact and disease mechanisms of remodeling, as well as the existence of sex-specific therapeutic targets. This research effort should hopefully allow to optimize the treatment of MI during the acute and post-acute phase, possibly through different therapeutic strategies in men and women, with the goal of reducing the risk of HF development and improving patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Aimo
- Istituto di Scienze della Vita, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy; Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Andrea Barison
- Istituto di Scienze della Vita, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy; Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Cameli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Section of Cardiology, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Coiro
- Division of Cardiology, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Flavio D'Ascenzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Section of Cardiology, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Carlo Di Mario
- Structural Interventional Cardiology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Liga
- Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossella Marcucci
- Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Atherothrombotic Center, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Doralisa Morrone
- Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Cardiomiopathy Unit, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy. Società Italiana di Cardiologia, Sezione Regionale Tosco-Umbra
| | | | - Michele Emdin
- Istituto di Scienze della Vita, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy; Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
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Yusifov A, Chhatre VE, Koplin EK, Wilson CE, Schmitt EE, Woulfe KC, Bruns DR. Transcriptomic analysis of cardiac gene expression across the life course in male and female mice. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14940. [PMID: 34245129 PMCID: PMC8271347 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk for heart disease increases with advanced age and differs between sexes, with females generally protected from heart disease until menopause. Despite these epidemiological observations, the molecular mechanisms that underlie sex‐specific differences in cardiac function have not been fully described. We used high throughput transcriptomics in juvenile (5 weeks), adult (4–6 months), and aged (18 months) male and female mice to understand how cardiac gene expression changes across the life course and by sex. While male gene expression profiles differed between juvenile‐adult and juvenile‐aged (254 and 518 genes, respectively), we found no significant differences in adult‐aged gene expression. Females had distinct gene expression changes across the life course with 1835 genes in juvenile‐adult and 1328 in adult‐aged. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) suggests that juvenile to adulthood genes were clustered in cell cycle and development‐related pathways in contrast to adulthood‐aged which were characterized by immune‐and inflammation‐related pathways. Analysis of sex differences within each age suggests that juvenile and aged cardiac transcriptomes are different between males and females, with significantly fewer DEGs identified in adult males and females. Interestingly, the male–female differences in early age were distinct from those in advanced age. These findings are in contrast to expected sex differences historically attributed to estrogen and could not be explained by estrogen‐direct mechanisms alone as evidenced by juvenile sexual immaturity and reproductive incompetence in the aged mice. Together, distinct trajectories in cardiac transcriptomic profiles highlight fundamental sex differences across the life course and demonstrate the need for the consideration of age and sex as biological variables in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykhan Yusifov
- Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | | | - Eva K Koplin
- Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Cortney E Wilson
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Emily E Schmitt
- Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Kathleen C Woulfe
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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Diastolic dysfunction in a pre-clinical model of diabetes is associated with changes in the cardiac non-myocyte cellular composition. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:116. [PMID: 34074290 PMCID: PMC8170962 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is associated with a significantly elevated risk of cardiovascular disease and its specific pathophysiology remains unclear. Recent studies have changed our understanding of cardiac cellularity, with cellular changes accompanying diabetes yet to be examined in detail. This study aims to characterise the changes in the cardiac cellular landscape in murine diabetes to identify potential cellular protagonists in the diabetic heart. METHODS Diabetes was induced in male FVB/N mice by low-dose streptozotocin and a high-fat diet for 26-weeks. Cardiac function was measured by echocardiography at endpoint. Flow cytometry was performed on cardiac ventricles as well as blood, spleen, and bone-marrow at endpoint from non-diabetic and diabetic mice. To validate flow cytometry results, immunofluorescence staining was conducted on left-ventricles of age-matched mice. RESULTS Mice with diabetes exhibited hyperglycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance at endpoint. Echocardiography revealed reduced E:A and e':a' ratios in diabetic mice indicating diastolic dysfunction. Systolic function was not different between the experimental groups. Detailed examination of cardiac cellularity found resident mesenchymal cells (RMCs) were elevated as a result of diabetes, due to a marked increase in cardiac fibroblasts, while smooth muscle cells were reduced in proportion. Moreover, we found increased levels of Ly6Chi monocytes in both the heart and in the blood. Consistent with this, the proportion of bone-marrow haematopoietic stem cells were increased in diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Murine diabetes results in distinct changes in cardiac cellularity. These changes-in particular increased levels of fibroblasts-offer a framework for understanding how cardiac cellularity changes in diabetes. The results also point to new cellular mechanisms in this context, which may further aid in development of pharmacotherapies to allay the progression of cardiomyopathy associated with diabetes.
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Haller PM, Gyöngyösi M, Chacon-Alberty L, Hochman-Mendez C, Sampaio LC, Taylor DA. Sex-Based Differences in Autologous Cell Therapy Trials in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Subanalysis of the ACCRUE Database. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:664277. [PMID: 34124198 PMCID: PMC8187782 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.664277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sex-based differences are under-studied in cardiovascular trials as women are commonly underrepresented in dual sex studies, even though major sex-based differences in epidemiology, pathophysiology, and outcomes of cardiovascular disease have been reported. We examined sex-based differences in patient characteristics, outcome, and BM-CD34+ frequency of the ACCRUE (Meta-Analysis of Cell-based CaRdiac studies) database involving patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) randomized to autologous cell-based or control treatment. Methods: We compared baseline characteristics and 1-year follow-up clinical data: composite major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (primary endpoint), and changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), end-diastolic (EDV), and end-systolic volumes (ESV) (secondary efficacy endpoint) in women and men (N = 1,252; 81.4% men). Secondary safety endpoints included freedom from hard clinical endpoints. Results: In cell-treated groups, women but not men had a lower frequency of stroke, AMI, and mortality than controls. The frequency of BM-CD34+ cells was significantly correlated with baseline EDV and ESV and negatively correlated with baseline LVEF in both sexes; a left shift in regression curve in women indicated a smaller EDV and ESV was associated with higher BM-CD34+ cells in women. Conclusions: Sex differences were found in baseline cardiovascular risk factors and cardiac function and in outcome responses to cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Haller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Luiz C Sampaio
- Department of Advanced Cardiopulmonary Therapies and Transplantation, University of Texas (UT) Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Doris A Taylor
- Regenerative Medicine Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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Peter AK, Walker CJ, Ceccato T, Trexler CL, Ozeroff CD, Lugo KR, Perry AR, Anseth KS, Leinwand LA. Cardiac Fibroblasts Mediate a Sexually Dimorphic Fibrotic Response to β-Adrenergic Stimulation. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e018876. [PMID: 33998248 PMCID: PMC8483546 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Biological sex is an important modifier of cardiovascular disease and women generally have better outcomes compared with men. However, the contribution of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) to this sexual dimorphism is relatively unexplored. Methods and Results Isoproterenol (ISO) was administered to rats as a model for chronic β‐adrenergic receptor (β‐AR)‐mediated cardiovascular disease. ISO‐treated males had higher mortality than females and also developed fibrosis whereas females did not. Gonadectomy did not abrogate this sex difference. To determine the cellular contribution to this phenotype, CFs were studied. CFs from both sexes had increased proliferation in vivo in response to ISO, but CFs from female hearts proliferated more than male cells. In addition, male CFs were significantly more activated to myofibroblasts by ISO. To investigate potential regulatory mechanisms for the sexually dimorphic fibrotic response, β‐AR mRNA and PKA (protein kinase A) activity were measured. In response to ISO treatment, male CFs increased expression of β1‐ and β2‐ARs, whereas expression of both receptors decreased in female CFs. Moreover, ISO‐treated male CFs had higher PKA activity relative to vehicle controls, whereas ISO did not activate PKA in female CFs. Conclusions Chronic in vivo β‐AR stimulation causes fibrosis in male but not female rat hearts. Male CFs are more activated than female CFs, consistent with elevated fibrosis in male rat hearts and may be caused by higher β‐AR expression and PKA activation in male CFs. Taken together, our data suggest that CFs play a substantial role in mediating sex differences observed after cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela K Peter
- BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado Boulder CO.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO
| | - Cierra J Walker
- BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado Boulder CO.,Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO
| | - Tova Ceccato
- BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado Boulder CO.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO
| | - Christa L Trexler
- BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado Boulder CO.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO
| | - Christopher D Ozeroff
- BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado Boulder CO.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO
| | | | - Amy R Perry
- BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado Boulder CO
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado Boulder CO.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder CO
| | - Leslie A Leinwand
- BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado Boulder CO.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO
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Mayr B, Müller EE, Schäfer C, Droese S, Schönfelder M, Niebauer J. Exercise-induced changes in miRNA expression in coronary artery disease. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 59:1719-1727. [PMID: 33977686 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that control gene expression by translational inhibition. Exercise has been shown to affect several miRNAs' expression in healthy subjects, but this has not yet been studied in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Since exercise training confers beneficial long-term effects and may also trigger acute coronary events, it is of utmost interest to be able to identify those who are risk for untoward effects. Therefore, we set out to assess miRNA expression in response to maximal ergospirometry in patients with CAD. METHODS Total RNA was extracted from blood drawn immediately before and 5 min after maximal cycle-ergospirometry (10 male and 10 female CAD patients). A qRT-PCR was performed for 187 target miRNAs associated with endothelial function/dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. RESULTS In response to a maximal ergospirometry, 33 miRNAs significantly changed their expression levels. Of these miRNAs 16 were significantly differently expressed between gender. Using multi-variance analysis, nine miRNAs (let-7e-5p; miR-1; miR-19b-1-5p; miR-103a-3p; miR-148b-3p; miR-181b-5p; miR-188-5p; miR-423-5p; miR-874-3p) showed significantly different responses to maximal ergospirometry between genders. CONCLUSIONS We report for the first time that in patients with CAD, miRNA expression is amenable to maximal ergospirometry and that the extent of changes differs between genders. Affected by exercise and gender were miRNAs that are associated, among others, with pathways for glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis. Future studies should assess whether disease-specific miRNA expression in response to maximal exercise might serve as a marker for patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mayr
- University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Edith E Müller
- University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christine Schäfer
- University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Silke Droese
- University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Schönfelder
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Exercise Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Josef Niebauer
- University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Wang Y, Wang M, Samuel CS, Widdop RE. Preclinical rodent models of cardiac fibrosis. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:882-899. [PMID: 33973236 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis (scarring), characterised by an increased deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, is a hallmark of most types of cardiovascular disease and plays an essential role in heart failure progression. Inhibition of cardiac fibrosis could improve outcomes in patients with cardiovascular diseases and particularly heart failure. However, pharmacological treatment of the ECM build-up is still lacking. In this context, preclinical models of heart disease are important tools for understanding the complex pathogenesis involved in the development of cardiac fibrosis which in turn could identify new therapeutic targets and the facilitation of antifibrotic drug discovery. Many preclinical models have been used to study cardiac fibrosis and each model provides mechanistic insights into the many factors that contribute to cardiac fibrosis. This review discusses the most frequently used rodent models of cardiac fibrosis and also provides context for the use of particular models of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chrishan S Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert E Widdop
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Sex differences in the longitudinal relationship of low-grade inflammation and echocardiographic measures in the Hoorn and FLEMENGHO Study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251148. [PMID: 33945586 PMCID: PMC8096104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to determine the within-person and between-persons associations of low-grade inflammation (LGI) and endothelial dysfunction (ED) with echocardiographic measures related to diastolic dysfunction (DD) in two general populations and whether these associations differed by sex. Methods Biomarkers and echocardiographic measures were measured at both baseline and follow-up in the Hoorn Study (n = 383) and FLEMENGHO (n = 491). Individual biomarker levels were combined into either a Z-score of LGI (CRP, SAA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and sICAM-1) or ED (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin and sTM). Mixed models were used to determine within-person and between-persons associations of biomarker Z-scores with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and left atrial volume index (LAVI). These associations were adjusted for a-priori selected confounders. Results Overall Z-scores for LGI or ED were not associated with echocardiographic measures. Effect modification by sex was apparent for ED with LVEF in both cohorts (P-for interaction = 0.08 and 0.06), but stratified results were not consistent. Effect modification by sex was apparent for TNF-α in the Hoorn Study and E-selectin in FLEMENGHO with LVEF (P-for interaction≤0.05). In the Hoorn Study, women whose TNF-α levels increased with 1-SD over time had a decrease in LVEF of 2.2 (-4.5;0.01) %. In FLEMENGHO, men whose E-selectin levels increased with 1-SD over time had a decrease in LVEF of 1.6 (-2.7;-0.5) %. Conclusion Our study did not show consistent associations of LGI and ED with echocardiographic measures. Some evidence of effect modification by sex was present for ED and specific biomarkers.
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Sarajlic P, Plunde O, Franco-Cereceda A, Bäck M. Artificial Intelligence Models Reveal Sex-Specific Gene Expression in Aortic Valve Calcification. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2021; 6:403-412. [PMID: 34095631 PMCID: PMC8165113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Differences in the clinical presentation and physiology of aortic stenosis in men and women complicate the management of the condition. By combining traditional inferential statistics, artificial intelligence predictive modeling, and genetic pathway analysis, one can gain further insight into sex-specific gene expression patterns, potentially driving the valvular phenotype differences between the sexes. Results from this study, implementing a mixed and comprehensive methodological approach, offer a foundation for further exploration of potential drug targets.
Male and female aortic stenosis patients have distinct valvular phenotypes, increasing the complexities in the evaluation of valvular pathophysiology. In this study, we present cutting-edge artificial intelligence analyses of transcriptome-wide array data from stenotic aortic valves to highlight differences in gene expression patterns between the sexes, using both sex-differentiated transcripts and unbiased gene selections. This approach enabled the development of efficient models with high predictive ability and determining the most significant sex-dependent contributors to calcification. In addition, analyses of function-related gene groups revealed enriched fibrotic pathways among female patients. Ultimately, we demonstrate that artificial intelligence models can be used to accurately predict aortic valve calcification by carefully analyzing sex-specific gene transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Sarajlic
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar Plunde
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Heart and Vessels, Division of Valvular and Coronary Disease, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Heart and Vessels, Division of Valvular and Coronary Disease, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Myocardial transcription of inflammatory and remodeling markers in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and systemic diseases associated with an inflammatory phenotype. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:484-494. [PMID: 33848803 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by macrophage-driven myocardial remodeling processes in a pro-inflammatory environment. To further investigate the mechanisms behind these processes, the myocardial transcription of cytokines and remodeling enzymes was comparatively assessed in cats with HCM and cats without cardiac diseases. Sixty-seven cats were included, 17 cats with HCM (including 5 with atrial thrombus; AT), and 50 cats without cardiac diseases. The latter comprised 10 control cats (no cardiac or relevant systemic disease), 34 cats with diseases suspected to be associated with a systemic inflammatory state of which 18 suffered from feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), and 6 cats with multicentric lymphoma. Samples from atria, ventricular free walls and interventricular septum were examined using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. The overall highest myocardial marker transcriptions were observed in cats with multicentric lymphoma, FIP and HCM, followed by diseases likely associated with a systemic inflammatory state, and control cats. Inflammatory marker transcription predominated in the myocardium of cats with systemic inflammatory diseases, whereas in HCM the transcription of remodeling enzymes prevailed. Sex significantly influenced the myocardial transcription of several remodeling enzymes. These results suggest a versatile myocardial response depending on the disease and illustrates the relevance of sex for the cardiac response to cardiac and systemic disease in cats. A systemic inflammatory state appears to elicit an inflammatory phenotype in the myocardium, whereas in HCM, the myocardium mediates its own remodeling. In HCM, the identified markers might be involved in the ongoing remodeling processes causing structural and functional changes.
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Woulfe KC, Walker LA. Physiology of the Right Ventricle Across the Lifespan. Front Physiol 2021; 12:642284. [PMID: 33737888 PMCID: PMC7960651 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.642284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common cause of heart failure in the United States is ischemic left heart disease; accordingly, a vast amount of work has been done to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying pathologies of the left ventricle (LV) as a general model of heart failure. Until recently, little attention has been paid to the right ventricle (RV) and it has commonly been thought that the mechanical and biochemical properties of the RV are similar to those of the LV. However, therapies used to treat LV failure often fail to improve ventricular function in RV failure underscoring, the need to better understand the unique physiologic and pathophysiologic properties of the RV. Importantly, hemodynamic stresses (such as pressure overload) often underlie right heart failure further differentiating RV failure as unique from LV failure. There are significant structural, mechanical, and biochemical properties distinctive to the RV that influences its function and it is likely that adaptations of the RV occur uniquely across the lifespan. We have previously reviewed the adult RV compared to the LV but there is little known about differences in the pediatric or aged RV. Accordingly, in this mini-review, we will examine the subtle distinctions between the RV and LV that are maintained physiologically across the lifespan and will highlight significant knowledge gaps in our understanding of pediatric and aging RV. Consideration of how RV function is altered in different disease states in an age-specific manner may enable us to define RV function in health and importantly, in response to pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen C Woulfe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lori A Walker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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Diaconu R, Donoiu I, Mirea O, Bălşeanu TA. Testosterone, cardiomyopathies, and heart failure: a narrative review. Asian J Androl 2021; 23:348-356. [PMID: 33433530 PMCID: PMC8269837 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_80_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Testosterone exerts an important regulation of cardiovascular function through genomic and nongenomic pathways. It produces several changes in cardiomyocytes, the main actor of cardiomyopathies, which are characterized by pathological remodeling, eventually leading to heart failure. Testosterone is involved in contractility, in the energy metabolism of myocardial cells, apoptosis, and the remodeling process. In myocarditis, testosterone directly promotes the type of inflammation that leads to fibrosis, and influences viremia with virus localization. At the same time, testosterone exerts cardioprotective effects that have been observed in different studies. There is increasing evidence that low endogenous levels of testosterone have a negative impact in some cardiomyopathies and a protective impact in others. This review focuses on the interrelationships between testosterone and cardiomyopathies and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Diaconu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova 200349, Romania
| | - Ionuţ Donoiu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova 200349, Romania
| | - Oana Mirea
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova 200349, Romania
| | - Tudor Adrian Bălşeanu
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova 200349, Romania
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Garvin AM, Khokhar BS, Czubryt MP, Hale TM. RAS inhibition in resident fibroblast biology. Cell Signal 2020; 80:109903. [PMID: 33370581 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a primary mediator of profibrotic signaling in the heart and more specifically, the cardiac fibroblast. Ang II-mediated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in combination with cardiac fibroblast proliferation, activation, and extracellular matrix production compromise cardiac function and increase mortality in humans. Profibrotic actions of Ang II are mediated by increasing production of fibrogenic mediators (e.g. transforming growth factor beta, scleraxis, osteopontin, and periostin), recruitment of immune cells, and via increased reactive oxygen species generation. Drugs that inhibit Ang II production or action, collectively referred to as renin angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, are first line therapeutics for heart failure. Moreover, transient RAS inhibition has been found to persistently alter hypertensive cardiac fibroblast responses to injury providing a useful tool to identify novel therapeutic targets. This review summarizes the profibrotic actions of Ang II and the known impact of RAS inhibition on cardiac fibroblast phenotype and cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Garvin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Bilal S Khokhar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Michael P Czubryt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Taben M Hale
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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Konstam MA. Ventricular remodelling: an equal-opportunity prognosticator. Eur J Heart Fail 2020; 22:2269-2271. [PMID: 32839983 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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