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De Blasio MJ, Ohlstein EH, Ritchie RH. Therapeutic targets of fibrosis: Translational advances and current challenges. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2839-2845. [PMID: 37846458 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In a physiological context, the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides an important scaffold for organs. Dysregulation of ECM in disease conditions, characterised by excess deposition of connective tissue and extracellular matrix in response to a pathological insult, is a key driver of disease progression in multiple organs. The resultant fibrosis is predominantly an irreversible process and directly contributes to, and exacerbates, dysfunction of an affected organ. This is particularly paramount in the kidney, liver, heart and lung. A hybrid Joint Meeting of NC-IUPHAR and British Pharmacological Society was held in Paris and via a webinar in November 2020, when two successive sessions were devoted to translational advances in fibrosis as a therapeutic target. On the upsurge of response to these sessions, the concept of a special themed issue on this topic emerged, and is entitled Translational Advances in Fibrosis as a Therapeutic Target. In this special issue, we seek to provide an up-to-date account of the diverse molecular mechanisms and causal role that fibrosis plays in disease progression (contributing to, and exacerbating, dysfunction of affected organs). Recent developments in the understanding of molecular targets involved in fibrosis, and how their actions can be manipulated therapeutically, are included. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Translational Advances in Fibrosis as a Therapeutic Target. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.22/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles J De Blasio
- Cardio-Metabolic Physiology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eliot H Ohlstein
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Cohen CD, De Blasio MJ, Farrugia GE, Dona MS, Hsu I, Prakoso D, Kiriazis H, Krstevski C, Nash DM, Li M, Gaynor TL, Deo M, Drummond GR, Ritchie RH, Pinto AR. Mapping the cellular and molecular landscape of cardiac non-myocytes in murine diabetic cardiomyopathy. iScience 2023; 26:107759. [PMID: 37736052 PMCID: PMC10509303 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with a significantly elevated risk of heart failure. However, despite extensive efforts to characterize the phenotype of the diabetic heart, the molecular and cellular protagonists that underpin cardiac pathological remodeling in diabetes remain unclear, with a notable paucity of data regarding the impact of diabetes on non-myocytes within the heart. Here we aimed to define key differences in cardiac non-myocytes between spontaneously type-2 diabetic (db/db) and healthy control (db/h) mouse hearts. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed a concerted diabetes-induced cellular response contributing to cardiac remodeling. These included cell-specific activation of gene programs relating to fibroblast hyperplasia and cell migration, and dysregulation of pathways involving vascular homeostasis and protein folding. This work offers a new perspective for understanding the cellular mediators of diabetes-induced cardiac pathology, and pathways that may be targeted to address the cardiac complications associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D. Cohen
- Cardiac Cellular Systems, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Prahran, VIC, Australia
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Miles J. De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gabriella E. Farrugia
- Cardiac Cellular Systems, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Prahran, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Malathi S.I. Dona
- Cardiac Cellular Systems, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian Hsu
- Cardiac Cellular Systems, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Darnel Prakoso
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Preclinical Cardiology, Microsurgery and Imaging Platform, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Prahran, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Crisdion Krstevski
- Cardiac Cellular Systems, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Prahran, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David M. Nash
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mandy Li
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Taylah L. Gaynor
- Cardiac Cellular Systems, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Prahran, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Grant R. Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca H. Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexander R. Pinto
- Cardiac Cellular Systems, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Prahran, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Sharma A, Wood S, Bell JS, De Blasio MJ, Ilomäki J, Ritchie RH. Sex differences in risk of cardiovascular events and mortality with sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors versus glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in Australians with type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2023; 33:100692. [PMID: 37181530 PMCID: PMC10166999 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite known sex differences in diabetes-induced cardiovascular disease (CVD), pharmacological treatment recommendations are independent of sex. Our objective was to investigate possible sex differences in rates of MACE with SGLT2i vs. GLP-1RA use. Methods This population-based cohort study included men and women with T2D (≥30 years), discharged from a Victorian hospital between 1st July 2013 and 1st July 2017, and dispensed an SGLT2i or GLP-1RA within 60 days of discharge. Using Cox proportional hazards regression with competing risks, subdistribution hazard ratios (sHR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for MACE in a follow-up to 30th June 2018. Analyses were conducted for men and women, and subgroups based on age, baseline heart failure (HF), and atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) status. Findings From a total of 8026 people (44.3% women, median follow-up time = 756 days), SGLT2i (n = 4231), compared to GLP-1RAs (n = 3795), reduced MACE rates in men (sHR 0.78; 95%CI 0.66-0.93), but not women. SGLT2i reduced MACE rates in men (sHR 0.72; 95%CI 0.54-0.98) and women (sHR 0.52; 95%CI 0.31-0.86) ≥65 years; in men with baseline HF (sHR 0.45; 95%CI 0.28-0.73); and in women with ASCVD (sHR 0.36; 95%CI 0.18-0.71). Interpretations SGLT2i, relative to GLP-1RAs, demonstrate favourable effects for MACE reductions among older Australian men and women with T2D. Analogous benefits were also observed in men with HF and women with ASCVD. Funding Dementia Australia Yulgilbar Innovation Award.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhipree Sharma
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen Wood
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - J. Simon Bell
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, VIC, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Miles J. De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Jenni Ilomäki
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, VIC, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca H. Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, VIC, Australia
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4
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Young R, Lewandowska D, Long E, Wooding FBP, De Blasio MJ, Davies KL, Camm EJ, Sangild PT, Fowden AL, Forhead AJ. Hypothyroidism impairs development of the gastrointestinal tract in the ovine fetus. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1124938. [PMID: 36935746 PMCID: PMC10020222 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1124938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth and maturation of the fetal gastrointestinal tract near term prepares the offspring for the onset of enteral nutrition at birth. Structural and functional changes are regulated by the prepartum rise in cortisol in the fetal circulation, although the role of the coincident rise in plasma tri-iodothyronine (T3) is unknown. This study examined the effect of hypothyroidism on the structural development of the gastrointestinal tract and the activity of brush-border digestive enzymes in the ovine fetus near term. In intact fetuses studied between 100 and 144 days of gestation (dGA; term ∼145 days), plasma concentrations of T3, cortisol and gastrin; the mucosal thickness in the abomasum, duodenum, jejunum and ileum; and intestinal villus height and crypt depth increased with gestational age. Removal of the fetal thyroid gland at 105-110 dGA suppressed plasma thyroxine (T4) and T3 concentrations to the limit of assay detection in fetuses studied at 130 and 144 dGA, and decreased plasma cortisol and gastrin near term, compared to age-matched intact fetuses. Hypothyroidism was associated with reductions in the relative weights of the stomach compartments and small intestines, the outer perimeter of the intestines, the thickness of the gastric and intestinal mucosa, villus height and width, and crypt depth. The thickness of the mucosal epithelial cell layer and muscularis propria in the small intestines were not affected by gestational age or treatment. Activities of the brush border enzymes varied with gestational age in a manner that depended on the enzyme and region of the small intestines studied. In the ileum, maltase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) activities were lower, and aminopeptidase N (ApN) were higher, in the hypothyroid compared to intact fetuses near term. These findings highlight the importance of thyroid hormones in the structural and functional development of the gastrointestinal tract near term, and indicate how hypothyroidism in utero may impair the transition to enteral nutrition and increase the risk of gastrointestinal disorders in the neonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian Young
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dominika Lewandowska
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Long
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - F. B. Peter Wooding
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Miles J. De Blasio
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katie L. Davies
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emily J. Camm
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Per T. Sangild
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abigail L. Fowden
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alison J. Forhead
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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5
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Velagic A, Li M, Deo M, Li JC, Kiriazis H, Donner DG, Anderson D, De Blasio MJ, Woodman OL, Kemp-Harper BK, Qin CX, Ritchie RH. A high-sucrose diet exacerbates the left ventricular phenotype in a high fat-fed streptozotocin rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H241-H257. [PMID: 36607798 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00390.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is an early, clinically detectable sign of cardiomyopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that precedes the development of symptomatic heart failure. Preclinical models of diabetic cardiomyopathy are essential to develop therapies that may prevent or delay the progression of heart failure. This study examined the molecular, structural, and functional cardiac phenotype of two rat models of T2DM induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) with a moderate- or high-sucrose content (containing 88.9 or 346 g/kg sucrose, respectively), plus administration of low-dose streptozotocin (STZ). At 8 wk of age, male Sprague-Dawley rats commenced a moderate- or high-sucrose HFD. Two weeks later, rats received low-dose STZ (35 mg/kg ip for 2 days) and remained on their respective diets. LV function was assessed by echocardiography 1 wk before end point. At 22 wk of age, blood and tissues were collected postmortem. Relative to chow-fed sham rats, diabetic rats on a moderate- or high-sucrose HFD displayed cardiac reactive oxygen species dysregulation, perivascular fibrosis, and impaired LV diastolic function. The diabetes-induced impact on LV adverse remodeling and diastolic dysfunction was more apparent when a high-sucrose HFD was superimposed on STZ. In conclusion, a high-sucrose HFD in combination with low-dose STZ produced a cardiac phenotype that more closely resembled T2DM-induced cardiomyopathy than STZ diabetic rats subjected to a moderate-sucrose HFD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Left ventricular dysfunction and adverse remodeling were more pronounced in diabetic rats that received low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) and a high-sucrose high-fat diet (HFD) compared with those on a moderate-sucrose HFD in combination with STZ. Our findings highlight the importance of sucrose content in diet composition, particularly in preclinical studies of diabetic cardiomyopathy, and demonstrate that low-dose STZ combined with a high-sucrose HFD is an appropriate rodent model of cardiomyopathy in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anida Velagic
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mandy Li
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jasmin Chendi Li
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel G Donner
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dovile Anderson
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Owen L Woodman
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara K Kemp-Harper
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cheng Xue Qin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Prakoso D, De Blasio MJ, Tate M, Ritchie RH. Current landscape of preclinical models of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2022; 43:940-956. [PMID: 35779966 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes have an increased risk of developing heart failure, preceded by (often asymptomatic) cardiac abnormalities, collectively called diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). Diabetic heart failure lacks effective treatment, remaining an urgent, unmet clinical need. Although structural and functional characteristics of the diabetic human heart are well defined, clinical studies lack the ability to pinpoint the specific mechanisms responsible for DC. Preclinical animal models represent a vital component for understanding disease aetiology, which is essential for the discovery of new targeted treatments for diabetes-induced heart failure. In this review, we describe the current landscape of preclinical DC models (genetic, pharmacologically induced, and diet-induced models), highlighting their strengths and weaknesses and alignment to features of the human disease. Finally, we provide tools, resources, and recommendations to assist future preclinical translation addressing this knowledge gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darnel Prakoso
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Mitchel Tate
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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7
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Sharma A, De Blasio MJ, Tate M, Ritchie RH, Murray AJ. Editorial: Translational Approaches for Targeting Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:799020. [PMID: 34867431 PMCID: PMC8635766 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.799020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arpeeta Sharma
- Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mitchel Tate
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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8
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Tate M, Perera N, Prakoso D, Willis AM, Deo M, Oseghale O, Qian H, Donner DG, Kiriazis H, De Blasio MJ, Gregorevic P, Ritchie RH. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 Gene Delivery Improves Cardiac Structure and Function in a Murine Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:719290. [PMID: 34690762 PMCID: PMC8532155 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.719290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a major contributor to the increasing burden of heart failure prevalence globally, at least in part due to a disease process termed diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterised by cardiac structural changes that are caused by chronic exposure to the diabetic milieu. These structural changes are a major cause of left ventricular (LV) wall stiffness and the development of LV dysfunction. In the current study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of a cardiac-targeted bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) gene therapy, administered once diastolic dysfunction was present, mimicking the timeframe in which clinical management of the cardiomyopathy would likely be desired. Following 18 weeks of untreated diabetes, mice were administered with a single tail-vein injection of recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (AAV), containing the BMP7 gene, or null vector. Our data demonstrated, after 8 weeks of treatment, that rAAV6-BMP7 treatment exerted beneficial effects on LV functional and structural changes. Importantly, diabetes-induced LV dysfunction was significantly attenuated by a single administration of rAAV6-BMP7. This was associated with a reduction in cardiac fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In conclusion, BMP7 gene therapy limited pathological remodelling in the diabetic heart, conferring an improvement in cardiac function. These findings provide insight for the potential development of treatment strategies urgently needed to delay or reverse LV pathological remodelling in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchel Tate
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nimna Perera
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Darnel Prakoso
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew M Willis
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Osezua Oseghale
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hongwei Qian
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel G Donner
- Preclinical Microsurgery and Imaging, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Preclinical Microsurgery and Imaging, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurology, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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9
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Sharma A, Mah M, Ritchie RH, De Blasio MJ. The adiponectin signalling pathway - A therapeutic target for the cardiac complications of type 2 diabetes? Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:108008. [PMID: 34610378 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of heart failure (HF). This is commonly termed diabetic cardiomyopathy and is often characterised by increased cardiac fibrosis, pathological hypertrophy, increased oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress as well as diastolic dysfunction. Adiponectin is a cardioprotective adipokine that is downregulated in settings of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Furthermore, both adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and R2) are also downregulated in these settings which further results in impaired cardiac adiponectin signalling and reduced cardioprotection. In many cardiac pathologies, adiponectin signalling has been shown to protect against cardiac remodelling and lipotoxicity, however its cardioprotective actions in T2D-induced cardiomyopathy remain unresolved. Diabetic cardiomyopathy has historically lacked effective treatment options. In this review, we summarise the current evidence for links between the suppressed adiponectin signalling pathway and cardiac dysfunction, in diabetes. We describe adiponectin receptor-mediated signalling pathways that are normally associated with cardioprotection, as well as current and potential future therapeutic approaches that could target this pathway as possible interventions for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhipree Sharma
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Michael Mah
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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10
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Parker AM, Tate M, Prakoso D, Deo M, Willis AM, Nash DM, Donner DG, Crawford S, Kiriazis H, Granata C, Coughlan MT, De Blasio MJ, Ritchie RH. Characterisation of the Myocardial Mitochondria Structural and Functional Phenotype in a Murine Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2021; 12:672252. [PMID: 34539423 PMCID: PMC8442993 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.672252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
People affected by diabetes are at an increased risk of developing heart failure than their non-diabetic counterparts, attributed in part to a distinct cardiac pathology termed diabetic cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrial dysfunction and excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in a range of diabetic complications and are a common feature of the diabetic heart. In this study, we sought to characterise impairments in mitochondrial structure and function in a recently described experimental mouse model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetes was induced in 6-week-old male FVB/N mice by the combination of three consecutive-daily injections of low-dose streptozotocin (STZ, each 55 mg/kg i.p.) and high-fat diet (42% fat from lipids) for 26 weeks. At study end, diabetic mice exhibited elevated blood glucose levels and impaired glucose tolerance, together with increases in both body weight gain and fat mass, replicating several aspects of human type 2 diabetes. The myocardial phenotype of diabetic mice included increased myocardial fibrosis and left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. Elevated LV superoxide levels were also evident. Diabetic mice exhibited a spectrum of LV mitochondrial changes, including decreased mitochondria area, increased levels of mitochondrial complex-III and complex-V protein abundance, and reduced complex-II oxygen consumption. In conclusion, these data suggest that the low-dose STZ-high fat experimental model replicates some of the mitochondrial changes seen in diabetes, and as such, this model may be useful to study treatments that target the mitochondria in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Parker
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mitchel Tate
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Darnel Prakoso
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew M Willis
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David M Nash
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel G Donner
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon Crawford
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cesare Granata
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Miles J De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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11
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Tate M, Prakoso D, Willis AM, Peng C, Deo M, Qin CX, Walsh JL, Nash DM, Cohen CD, Rofe AK, Sharma A, Kiriazis H, Donner DG, De Haan JB, Watson AMD, De Blasio MJ, Ritchie RH. Corrigendum: Characterising an Alternative Murine Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2021; 12:734320. [PMID: 34489742 PMCID: PMC8417435 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.734320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchel Tate
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Darnel Prakoso
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew M Willis
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cheng Peng
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cheng Xue Qin
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jesse L Walsh
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David M Nash
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Charles D Cohen
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex K Rofe
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arpeeta Sharma
- Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Preclinical Cardiology, Microsurgery and Imaging Platform, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel G Donner
- Preclinical Cardiology, Microsurgery and Imaging Platform, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Judy B De Haan
- Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna M D Watson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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12
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Cohen CD, De Blasio MJ, Farrugia GE, Dona MS, Hsu I, Prakoso D, Krstevski C, Nash DM, Li M, Gaynor TL, Deo M, Drummond GR, Ritchie RH, Pinto AR. Abstract P450: Single-cell Transcriptomic Profiling Of The Type-2 Diabetic Mouse Heart. Circ Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/res.129.suppl_1.p450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Diabetes is associated with a significantly elevated risk of heart failure. However, the precise cellular and molecular protagonists underpinning the development of heart failure in diabetes remains unclear. Moreover, very little is known, of how disparate non-myocyte populations of the heart contribute to diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Methodology:
To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted single-cell transcriptomic analysis of non-myocytes from heart ventricles of spontaneous type-2 diabetic (
db/db
) male mice. Findings were corroborated by flow cytometry, histology and computational analysis of publically available bulk RNA sequencing datasets from alternative diabetes models.
Results:
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of
db/db
mouse hearts revealed a concerted diabetes-induced cellular response driving cardiac pathological remodelling. We identified diabetes-induced up-regulation of pathways contributing to known features of diabetic cardiomyopathy such as dysregulation of vascular homeostasis and lipid metabolism, as well as augmented inflammation, in cell specific contexts. We also identified unexpected characteristics in the diabetic heart, including impaired protein folding and cellular trafficking within lymphatic vessels. Using flow cytometry and histology, increase in inflammatory cells, such as Ly6C
hi
monocytes, shifts in macrophage phenotype, and increased abundances of fibroblasts and endocardial cells were confirmed. Finally, integration of single-cell transcriptomic data with publically available bulk-RNA sequencing datasets from alternative diabetes models revealed shared hallmarks of diabetic heart and disease context-dependent features.
Conclusions:
Together, this work offers a new perspective for understanding the cellular and molecular mediators of diabetes-induced cardiac pathology. Targeting these mediators may offer new therapeutic avenues to address the cardiac complications associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Malathi S Dona
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ian Hsu
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - David M Nash
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mandy Li
- Monash Univ, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Minh Deo
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
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13
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Camm EJ, Inzani I, De Blasio MJ, Davies KL, Lloyd IR, Wooding FBP, Blache D, Fowden AL, Forhead AJ. Thyroid Hormone Deficiency Suppresses Fetal Pituitary-Adrenal Function Near Term: Implications for the Control of Fetal Maturation and Parturition. Thyroid 2021; 31:861-869. [PMID: 33126831 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: The fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a key role in the control of parturition and maturation of organ systems in preparation for birth. In hypothyroid fetuses, gestational length may be prolonged and maturational processes delayed. The extent to which the effects of thyroid hormone deficiency in utero on the timing of fetal maturation and parturition are mediated by changes to the structure and function of the fetal HPA axis is unknown. Methods: In twin sheep pregnancies where one fetus was thyroidectomized and the other sham-operated, this study investigated the effect of hypothyroidism on circulating concentrations of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol, and the structure and secretory capacity of the anterior pituitary and adrenal glands. The relative population of pituitary corticotrophs and the masses of the adrenal zones were assessed by immunohistochemical and stereological techniques. Adrenal mRNA abundances of key steroidogenic enzymes and growth factors were examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Hypothyroidism in utero reduced plasma concentrations of ACTH and cortisol. In thyroid-deficient fetuses, the mass of corticotrophs in the anterior pituitary gland was unexpectedly increased, while the mass of the zona fasciculata and its proportion of the adrenal gland were decreased. These structural changes were associated with lower adrenocortical mRNA abundances of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and its receptor, and key steroidogenic enzymes responsible for glucocorticoid synthesis. The relative mass of the adrenal medulla and its proportion of the adrenal gland were increased by thyroid hormone deficiency in utero, without any change in expression of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase or the IGF system. Conclusions: Thyroid hormones are important regulators of the structure and secretory capacity of the pituitary-adrenal axis before birth. In hypothyroid fetuses, low plasma cortisol may be due to impaired adrenocortical growth and steroidogenic enzyme expression, secondary to low circulating ACTH concentration. Greater corticotroph population in the anterior pituitary gland of the hypothyroid fetus indicates compensatory cell proliferation and that there may be abnormal corticotroph capacity for ACTH synthesis and/or impaired hypothalamic input. Suppression of the development of the fetal HPA axis by thyroid hormone deficiency may contribute to the delay in fetal maturation and delivery observed in hypothyroid offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Camm
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Isabella Inzani
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katie L Davies
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - India R Lloyd
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - F B Peter Wooding
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Blache
- School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Abigail L Fowden
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alison J Forhead
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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14
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Prakoso D, Lim SY, Erickson JR, Wallace RS, Lees JG, Tate M, Kiriazis H, Donner DG, Henstridge DC, Davey JR, Qian H, Deo M, Parry LJ, Davidoff AJ, Gregorevic P, Chatham JC, De Blasio MJ, Ritchie RH. Fine-tuning the cardiac O-GlcNAcylation regulatory enzymes governs the functional and structural phenotype of the diabetic heart. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:212-225. [PMID: 33576380 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The glucose-driven enzymatic modification of myocardial proteins by the sugar moiety, β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), is increased in pre-clinical models of diabetes, implicating protein O-GlcNAc modification in diabetes-induced heart failure. Our aim was to specifically examine cardiac manipulation of the two regulatory enzymes of this process on the cardiac phenotype, in the presence and absence of diabetes, utilising cardiac-targeted recombinant-adeno-associated viral-vector-6 (rAAV6)-mediated gene delivery. METHODS AND RESULTS In human myocardium, total protein O-GlcNAc modification was elevated in diabetic relative to non-diabetic patients, and correlated with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. The impact of rAAV6-delivered O-GlcNAc transferase (rAAV6-OGT, facilitating protein O-GlcNAcylation), O-GlcNAcase (rAAV6-OGA, facilitating de-O-GlcNAcylation) and empty vector (null) were determined in non-diabetic and diabetic mice. In non-diabetic mice, rAAV6-OGT was sufficient to impair LV diastolic function and induce maladaptive cardiac remodelling, including cardiac fibrosis and increased Myh-7 and Nppa pro-hypertrophic gene expression, recapitulating characteristics of diabetic cardiomyopathy. In contrast, rAAV6-OGA (but not rAAV6-OGT) rescued LV diastolic function and adverse cardiac remodelling in diabetic mice. Molecular insights implicated impaired cardiac PI3K(p110α)-Akt signalling as a potential contributing mechanism to the detrimental consequences of rAAV6-OGT in vivo. In contrast, rAAV6-OGA preserved PI3K(p110α)-Akt signalling in diabetic mouse myocardium in vivo and prevented high glucose-induced impairments in mitochondrial respiration in human cardiomyocytes in vitro. CONCLUSION Maladaptive protein O-GlcNAc modification is evident in human diabetic myocardium, and is a critical regulator of the diabetic heart phenotype. Selective targeting of cardiac protein O-GlcNAcylation to restore physiological O-GlcNAc balance may represent a novel therapeutic approach for diabetes-induced heart failure. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE There remains a lack of effective clinical management of diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction, even via conventional intensive glucose-lowering approaches. Here we reveal that the modification of myocardial proteins by O-GlcNAc, a glucose-driven process, is not only increased in human diabetic myocardium, but correlates with reduced cardiac function in affected patients. Moreover, manipulation of the two regulatory enzymes of this process exert opposing influences on the heart, whereby increasing O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is sufficient to replicate the cardiac phenotype of diabetes (in the absence of this disease), while increasing O-GlcNAc-ase (OGA) rescues diabetes-induced impairments in both cardiac dysfunction and remodelling. Cardiac O-GlcNAcylation thus represents a novel therapeutic target for diabetes-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darnel Prakoso
- School of Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010.,Centre for Muscle Research, Dept of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052
| | - Shiang Y Lim
- O'Brien Institute Dept, St Vincent Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia, 3065
| | - Jeffrey R Erickson
- Dept of Physiology and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, 9054
| | - Rachel S Wallace
- Dept of Physiology and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, 9054
| | - Jarmon G Lees
- O'Brien Institute Dept, St Vincent Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia, 3065
| | - Mitchel Tate
- School of Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- School of Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | | | - Darren C Henstridge
- School of Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010.,College of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia, 7250
| | - Jonathan R Davey
- Centre for Muscle Research, Dept of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Hongwei Qian
- Centre for Muscle Research, Dept of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Minh Deo
- School of Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052
| | - Laura J Parry
- Centre for Muscle Research, Dept of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Amy J Davidoff
- Dept of Biomedical Sciences, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine, USA, 04005
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3004.,Centre for Muscle Research, Dept of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010.,Depts of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800.,Dept of Neurology, The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA, 98195
| | - John C Chatham
- Dept of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA 35924
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- School of Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010.,Centre for Muscle Research, Dept of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052.,Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- School of Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052.,Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
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15
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Harris SE, De Blasio MJ, Zhao X, Ma M, Davies K, Wooding FBP, Hamilton RS, Blache D, Meredith D, Murray AJ, Fowden AL, Forhead AJ. Thyroid Deficiency Before Birth Alters the Adipose Transcriptome to Promote Overgrowth of White Adipose Tissue and Impair Thermogenic Capacity. Thyroid 2020; 30:794-805. [PMID: 32070265 PMCID: PMC7286741 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Development of adipose tissue before birth is essential for energy storage and thermoregulation in the neonate and for cardiometabolic health in later life. Thyroid hormones are important regulators of growth and maturation in fetal tissues. Offspring hypothyroid in utero are poorly adapted to regulate body temperature at birth and are at risk of becoming obese and insulin resistant in childhood. The mechanisms by which thyroid hormones regulate the growth and development of adipose tissue in the fetus, however, are unclear. Methods: This study examined the structure, transcriptome, and protein expression of perirenal adipose tissue (PAT) in a fetal sheep model of thyroid hormone deficiency during late gestation. Proportions of unilocular (UL) (white) and multilocular (ML) (brown) adipocytes, and UL adipocyte size, were assessed by histological and stereological techniques. Changes to the adipose transcriptome were investigated by RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, and proteins of interest were quantified by Western blotting. Results: Hypothyroidism in utero resulted in elevated plasma insulin and leptin concentrations and overgrowth of PAT in the fetus, specifically due to hyperplasia and hypertrophy of UL adipocytes with no change in ML adipocyte mass. RNA sequencing and genomic analyses showed that thyroid deficiency affected 34% of the genes identified in fetal adipose tissue. Enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) pathways were associated with adipogenic, metabolic, and thermoregulatory processes, insulin resistance, and a range of endocrine and adipocytokine signaling pathways. Adipose protein levels of signaling molecules, including phosphorylated S6-kinase (pS6K), glucose transporter isoform 4 (GLUT4), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), were increased by fetal hypothyroidism. Fetal thyroid deficiency decreased uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) protein and mRNA content, and UCP1 thermogenic capacity without any change in ML adipocyte mass. Conclusions: Growth and development of adipose tissue before birth is sensitive to thyroid hormone status in utero. Changes to the adipose transcriptome and phenotype observed in the hypothyroid fetus may have consequences for neonatal survival and the risk of obesity and metabolic dysfunction in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley E Harris
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Marcella Ma
- Genomics-Transcriptomics Core, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Katie Davies
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - FB Peter Wooding
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Russell S Hamilton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Dominique Blache
- Genomics-Transcriptomics Core, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - David Meredith
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Andrew J Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Abigail L Fowden
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Alison J Forhead
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
- Corresponding author: Dr Alison J Forhead, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK; +44 1223 333853;
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16
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Prakoso D, De Blasio MJ, Tate M, Kiriazis H, Donner DG, Qian H, Nash D, Deo M, Weeks KL, Parry LJ, Gregorevic P, McMullen JR, Ritchie RH. Gene therapy targeting cardiac phosphoinositide 3-kinase (p110α) attenuates cardiac remodeling in type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H840-H852. [PMID: 32142359 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00632.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a distinct form of heart disease that represents a major cause of death and disability in diabetic patients, particularly, the more prevalent type 2 diabetes patient population. In the current study, we investigated whether administration of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors carrying a constitutively active phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)(p110α) construct (rAAV6-caPI3K) at a clinically relevant time point attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy in a preclinical type 2 diabetes (T2D) model. T2D was induced by a combination of a high-fat diet (42% energy intake from lipid) and low-dose streptozotocin (three consecutive intraperitoneal injections of 55 mg/kg body wt), and confirmed by increased body weight, mild hyperglycemia, and impaired glucose tolerance (all P < 0.05 vs. nondiabetic mice). After 18 wk of untreated diabetes, impaired left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction was evident, as confirmed by reduced fractional shortening and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (Vcfc, all P < 0.01 vs. baseline measurement). A single tail vein injection of rAAV6-caPI3K gene therapy (2×1011vector genomes) was then administered. Mice were followed for an additional 8 wk before end point. A single injection of cardiac targeted rAAV6-caPI3K attenuated diabetes-induced cardiac remodeling by limiting cardiac fibrosis (reduced interstitial and perivascular collagen deposition, P < 0.01 vs. T2D mice) and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (reduced cardiomyocyte size and Nppa gene expression, P < 0.001 and P < 0.05 vs. T2D mice, respectively). The diabetes-induced LV systolic dysfunction was reversed with rAAV6-caPI3K, as demonstrated by improved fractional shortening and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (all P < 0.05 vs pre-AAV measurement). This cardioprotection occurred in combination with reduced LV reactive oxygen species (P < 0.05 vs. T2D mice) and an associated decrease in markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress (reduced Grp94 and Chop, all P < 0.05 vs. T2D mice). Together, our findings demonstrate that a cardiac-selective increase in PI3K(p110α), via rAAV6-caPI3K, attenuates T2D-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy, providing proof of concept for potential translation to the clinic.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Diabetes remains a major cause of death and disability worldwide (and its resultant heart failure burden), despite current care. The lack of existing management of heart failure in the context of the poorer prognosis of concomitant diabetes represents an unmet clinical need. In the present study, we now demonstrate that delayed intervention with PI3K gene therapy (rAAV6-caPI3K), administered as a single dose in mice with preexisting type 2 diabetes, attenuates several characteristics of diabetic cardiomyopathy, including diabetes-induced impairments in cardiac remodeling, oxidative stress, and function. Our discovery here contributes to the previous body of work, suggesting the cardioprotective effects of PI3K(p110α) could be a novel therapeutic approach to reduce the progression to heart failure and death in diabetes-affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darnel Prakoso
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mitchel Tate
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel G Donner
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hongwei Qian
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Nash
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate L Weeks
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura J Parry
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Helen Ritchie
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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17
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De Blasio MJ, Huynh N, Deo M, Dubrana LE, Walsh J, Willis A, Prakoso D, Kiriazis H, Donner DG, Chatham JC, Ritchie RH. Defining the Progression of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in a Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes. Front Physiol 2020; 11:124. [PMID: 32153425 PMCID: PMC7045054 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes and its association with increased cardiovascular disease risk represents a major health issue worldwide. Diabetes-induced hyperglycemia is implicated as a central driver of responses in the diabetic heart such as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, and oxidative stress, termed diabetic cardiomyopathy. The onset of these responses in the setting of diabetes has not been studied to date. This study aimed to determine the time course of development of diabetic cardiomyopathy in a model of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in vivo. Diabetes was induced in 6-week-old male FVB/N mice via streptozotocin (55 mg/kg i.p. for 5 days; controls received citrate vehicle). At 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks of untreated diabetes, left ventricular (LV) function was assessed by echocardiography before post-mortem quantification of markers of LV cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, collagen deposition, DNA fragmentation, and changes in components of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) were assessed. Blood glucose and HbA1c levels were elevated by 2 weeks of diabetes. LV and muscle (gastrocnemius) weights were reduced from 8 weeks, whereas liver and kidney weights were increased from 2 and 4 weeks of diabetes, respectively. LV diastolic function declined with diabetes progression, demonstrated by a reduction in E/A ratio from 4 weeks of diabetes, and an increase in peak A-wave amplitude, deceleration time, and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) from 4–8 weeks of diabetes. Systemic and local inflammation (TNFα, IL-1β, CD68) were increased with diabetes. The cardiomyocyte hypertrophic marker Nppa was increased from 8 weeks of diabetes while β-myosin heavy chain was increased earlier, from 2 weeks of diabetes. LV fibrosis (picrosirius red; Ctgf and Tgf-β gene expression) and DNA fragmentation (a marker of cardiomyocyte apoptosis) increased with diabetes progression. LV Nox2 and Cd36 expression were elevated after 16 weeks of diabetes. Markers of the LV HBP (Ogt, Oga, Gfat1/2 gene expression), and protein abundance of OGT and total O-GlcNAcylation, were increased by 16 weeks of diabetes. This is the first study to define the progression of cardiac markers contributing to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy in a mouse model of T1D, confirming multiple pathways contribute to disease progression at various time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles J De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nguyen Huynh
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leslie E Dubrana
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jesse Walsh
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Willis
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Darnel Prakoso
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Experimental Cardiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel G Donner
- Experimental Cardiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John C Chatham
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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18
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Tate M, Higgins GC, De Blasio MJ, Lindblom R, Prakoso D, Deo M, Kiriazis H, Park M, Baeza-Garza CD, Caldwell ST, Hartley RC, Krieg T, Murphy MP, Coughlan MT, Ritchie RH. Correction to: The Mitochondria-Targeted Methylglyoxal Sequestering Compound, MitoGamide, Is Cardioprotective in the Diabetic Heart. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 34:223. [PMID: 32062792 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-019-06929-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The article "The Mitochondria-Targeted Methylglyoxal Sequestering Compound, MitoGamide, Is Cardioprotective in the Diabetic Heart".
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchel Tate
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gavin C Higgins
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,JDRF Danielle AlbertiMemorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Diabetic Complications Division,, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Runa Lindblom
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,JDRF Danielle AlbertiMemorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Diabetic Complications Division,, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Darnel Prakoso
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Experimental Cardiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Min Park
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carlos D Baeza-Garza
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stuart T Caldwell
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, G12 18QQ, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard C Hartley
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, G12 18QQ, Glasgow, UK
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,JDRF Danielle AlbertiMemorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Diabetic Complications Division,, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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19
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Tate M, Prakoso D, Willis AM, Peng C, Deo M, Qin CX, Walsh JL, Nash DM, Cohen CD, Rofe AK, Sharma A, Kiriazis H, Donner DG, De Haan JB, Watson AMD, De Blasio MJ, Ritchie RH. Characterising an Alternative Murine Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1395. [PMID: 31798462 PMCID: PMC6868003 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing burden of heart failure globally can be partly attributed to the increased prevalence of diabetes, and the subsequent development of a distinct form of heart failure known as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Despite this, effective treatment options have remained elusive, due partly to the lack of an experimental model that adequately mimics human disease. In the current study, we combined three consecutive daily injections of low-dose streptozotocin with high-fat diet, in order to recapitulate the long-term complications of diabetes, with a specific focus on the diabetic heart. At 26 weeks of diabetes, several metabolic changes were observed including elevated blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin, plasma insulin and plasma C-peptide. Further analysis of organs commonly affected by diabetes revealed diabetic nephropathy, underlined by renal functional and structural abnormalities, as well as progressive liver damage. In addition, this protocol led to robust left ventricular diastolic dysfunction at 26 weeks with preserved systolic function, a key characteristic of patients with type 2 diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy. These observations corresponded with cardiac structural changes, namely an increase in myocardial fibrosis, as well as activation of several cardiac signalling pathways previously implicated in disease progression. It is hoped that development of an appropriate model will help to understand some the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the accelerated progression of diabetic complications, leading ultimately to more efficacious treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchel Tate
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Darnel Prakoso
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew M Willis
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cheng Peng
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cheng Xue Qin
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jesse L Walsh
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David M Nash
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Charles D Cohen
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex K Rofe
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arpeeta Sharma
- Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Preclinical Cardiology, Microsurgery and Imaging Platform, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel G Donner
- Preclinical Cardiology, Microsurgery and Imaging Platform, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Judy B De Haan
- Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna M D Watson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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20
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Qin CX, Finlayson SB, Al-Sharea A, Tate M, De Blasio MJ, Deo M, Rosli S, Prakoso D, Thomas CJ, Kiriazis H, Gould E, Yang YH, Morand EF, Perretti M, Murphy AJ, Du XJ, Gao XM, Ritchie RH. Author Correction: Endogenous Annexin-A1 Regulates Haematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilisation and Inflammatory Response Post Myocardial Infarction in Mice In Vivo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7185. [PMID: 29720616 PMCID: PMC5932007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24994-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xue Qin
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia. .,Dept of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia.
| | - Siobhan B Finlayson
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.,Dept of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086, Australia.,Dept of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Annas Al-Sharea
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.,Dept of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Mitchel Tate
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.,School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Sarah Rosli
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, 3168, VIC, Australia
| | - Darnel Prakoso
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.,School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Colleen J Thomas
- Dept of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Eleanor Gould
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Yuan H Yang
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, 3168, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric F Morand
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, 3168, VIC, Australia
| | - Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.,Dept of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Xiao-Ming Gao
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia. .,Dept of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia. .,Dept of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.
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21
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De Blasio MJ, Lanham SA, Blache D, Oreffo ROC, Fowden AL, Forhead AJ. Sex- and bone-specific responses in bone structure to exogenous leptin and leptin receptor antagonism in the ovine fetus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 314:R781-R790. [PMID: 29443548 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00351.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Widespread expression of leptin and its receptor in developing cartilage and bone suggests that leptin may regulate bone growth and development in the fetus. Using microcomputed tomography, this study investigated the effects of exogenous leptin and leptin receptor antagonism on aspects of bone structure in the sheep fetus during late gestation. From 125 to 130 days of gestation (term ~145 days), chronically catheterized singleton sheep fetuses were infused intravenously for 5 days with either saline (0.9% saline, n = 13), recombinant ovine leptin at two doses (0.6 mg·kg-1·day-1 LEP1, n = 10 or 1.4 mg·kg-1·day-1 LEP2, n = 7), or recombinant superactive ovine leptin receptor antagonist (4.6 mg·kg-1·day-1 SOLA, n = 6). No significant differences in plasma insulin-like growth factor-I, osteocalcin, calcium, inorganic phosphate, or alkaline phosphatase were observed between treatment groups. Total femur midshaft diameter and metatarsal lumen diameter were narrower in male fetuses treated with exogenous leptin. In a fixed length of femur midshaft, total and bone volumes were reduced by the higher dose of leptin; nonbone space volume was lower in both groups of leptin-treated fetuses. Leptin infusion caused increments in femur porosity and connectivity density, and vertebral trabecular thickness. Leptin receptor antagonism decreased trabecular spacing and increased trabecular number, degree of anisotrophy, and connectivity density in the lumbar vertebrae. The increase in vertebral porosity observed following leptin receptor antagonism was greater in the malecompared with female, fetuses. Therefore, leptin may have a role in the growth and development of the fetal skeleton, dependent on the concentration of leptin, sex of the fetus, and bone type examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles J De Blasio
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Stuart A Lanham
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells, and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton , United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Blache
- School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells, and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton , United Kingdom
| | - Abigail L Fowden
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Alison J Forhead
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom.,Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University , Oxford , United Kingdom
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22
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Chandramouli C, Reichelt ME, Curl CL, Varma U, Bienvenu LA, Koutsifeli P, Raaijmakers AJA, De Blasio MJ, Qin CX, Jenkins AJ, Ritchie RH, Mellor KM, Delbridge LMD. Diastolic dysfunction is more apparent in STZ-induced diabetic female mice, despite less pronounced hyperglycemia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2346. [PMID: 29402990 PMCID: PMC5799292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a distinct pathology characterized by early emergence of diastolic dysfunction. Increased cardiovascular risk associated with diabetes is more marked for women, but an understanding of the role of diastolic dysfunction in female susceptibility to diabetic cardiomyopathy is lacking. To investigate the sex-specific relationship between systemic diabetic status and in vivo occurrence of diastolic dysfunction, diabetes was induced in male and female mice by streptozotocin (5x daily i.p. 55 mg/kg). Echocardiography was performed at 7 weeks post-diabetes induction, cardiac collagen content assessed by picrosirius red staining, and gene expression measured using qPCR. The extent of diabetes-associated hyperglycemia was more marked in males than females (males: 25.8 ± 1.2 vs 9.1 ± 0.4 mM; females: 13.5 ± 1.5 vs 8.4 ± 0.4 mM, p < 0.05) yet in vivo diastolic dysfunction was evident in female (E/E' 54% increase, p < 0.05) but not male diabetic mice. Cardiac structural abnormalities (left ventricular wall thinning, collagen deposition) were similar in male and female diabetic mice. Female-specific gene expression changes in glucose metabolic and autophagy-related genes were evident. This study demonstrates that STZ-induced diabetic female mice exhibit a heightened susceptibility to diastolic dysfunction, despite exhibiting a lower extent of hyperglycemia than male mice. These findings highlight the importance of early echocardiographic screening of asymptomatic prediabetic at-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Chandramouli
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melissa E Reichelt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Claire L Curl
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Upasna Varma
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura A Bienvenu
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Parisa Koutsifeli
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Miles J De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cheng Xue Qin
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kimberley M Mellor
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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23
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Spallotta F, Cencioni C, Atlante S, Garella D, Cocco M, Mori M, Mastrocola R, Kuenne C, Guenther S, Nanni S, Azzimato V, Zukunft S, Kornberger A, Sürün D, Schnütgen F, von Melchner H, Di Stilo A, Aragno M, Braspenning M, van Criekinge W, De Blasio MJ, Ritchie RH, Zaccagnini G, Martelli F, Farsetti A, Fleming I, Braun T, Beiras-Fernandez A, Botta B, Collino M, Bertinaria M, Zeiher AM, Gaetano C. Stable Oxidative Cytosine Modifications Accumulate in Cardiac Mesenchymal Cells From Type2 Diabetes Patients. Circ Res 2018; 122:31-46. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
Human cardiac mesenchymal cells (CMSCs) are a therapeutically relevant primary cell population. Diabetes mellitus compromises CMSC function as consequence of metabolic alterations and incorporation of stable epigenetic changes.
Objective:
To investigate the role of α-ketoglutarate (αKG) in the epimetabolic control of DNA demethylation in CMSCs.
Methods and Results:
Quantitative global analysis, methylated and hydroxymethylated DNA sequencing, and gene-specific GC methylation detection revealed an accumulation of 5-methylcytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, and 5-formylcytosine in the genomic DNA of human CMSCs isolated from diabetic donors. Whole heart genomic DNA analysis revealed iterative oxidative cytosine modification accumulation in mice exposed to high-fat diet (HFD), injected with streptozotocin, or both in combination (streptozotocin/HFD). In this context, untargeted and targeted metabolomics indicated an intracellular reduction of αKG synthesis in diabetic CMSCs and in the whole heart of HFD mice. This observation was paralleled by a compromised TDG (thymine DNA glycosylase) and TET1 (ten–eleven translocation protein 1) association and function with TET1 relocating out of the nucleus. Molecular dynamics and mutational analyses showed that αKG binds TDG on Arg275 providing an enzymatic allosteric activation. As a consequence, the enzyme significantly increased its capacity to remove G/T nucleotide mismatches or 5-formylcytosine. Accordingly, an exogenous source of αKG restored the DNA demethylation cycle by promoting TDG function, TET1 nuclear localization, and TET/TDG association. TDG inactivation by CRISPR/Cas9 knockout or TET/TDG siRNA knockdown induced 5-formylcytosine accumulation, thus partially mimicking the diabetic epigenetic landscape in cells of nondiabetic origin. The novel compound (S)-2-[(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)amino]succinic acid (AA6), identified as an inhibitor of αKG dehydrogenase, increased the αKG level in diabetic CMSCs and in the heart of HFD and streptozotocin mice eliciting, in HFD, DNA demethylation, glucose uptake, and insulin response.
Conclusions:
Restoring the epimetabolic control of DNA demethylation cycle promises beneficial effects on cells compromised by environmental metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Spallotta
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Chiara Cencioni
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Sandra Atlante
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Davide Garella
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Mattia Cocco
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Mattia Mori
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Raffaella Mastrocola
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Carsten Kuenne
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Stefan Guenther
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Simona Nanni
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Valerio Azzimato
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Sven Zukunft
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Angela Kornberger
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Duran Sürün
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Frank Schnütgen
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Harald von Melchner
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Antonella Di Stilo
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Manuela Aragno
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Maarten Braspenning
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Wim van Criekinge
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Miles J. De Blasio
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Rebecca H. Ritchie
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Germana Zaccagnini
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Fabio Martelli
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Antonella Farsetti
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Thomas Braun
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Andres Beiras-Fernandez
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Bruno Botta
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Massimo Collino
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Massimo Bertinaria
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Andreas M. Zeiher
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- From the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F. Spallotta, C.C., S.A., S.Z., D.S., F. Schnütgen, H.v.M., A.F., I.F., A.M.Z., C.G.); University of Turin, Torino, Italy (D.G., M. Cocco, R.M., A.D.S., M.A., M. Collino, M. Bertinaria); Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia CLNS@Sapienza Rome, Italy (M.M.); Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (C.K., S.G., T.B.); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (S.N.); Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (V.A
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Sulaiman SA, De Blasio MJ, Harland ML, Gatford KL, Owens JA. Maternal methyl donor and cofactor supplementation in late pregnancy increases β-cell numbers at 16 days of life in growth-restricted twin lambs. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E381-E390. [PMID: 28679621 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00033.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Restricted growth before birth (IUGR) increases adult risk of Type 2 diabetes by impairing insulin sensitivity and secretion. Altered fetal one-carbon metabolism is implicated in developmental programming of adult health and disease by IUGR. Therefore, we evaluated effects of maternal dietary supplementation with methyl donors and cofactors (MMDS), designed to increase fetal supply, on insulin action in the spontaneously IUGR twin lamb. In vivo glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity were measured at days 12-14 in singleton controls (CON, n = 7 lambs from 7 ewes), twins (IUGR, n = 8 lambs from 8 ewes), and twins from ewes that received MMDS (2 g rumen-protected methionine, 300 mg folic acid, 1.2 g sulfur, 0.7 mg cobalt) daily from 120 days after mating (~0.8 of term) until delivery (IUGR+MMDS, n = 8 lambs from 4 ewes). Body composition and pancreas morphometry were assessed in lambs at day 16 IUGR reduced size at birth and increased neonatal fractional growth rate. MMDS normalized long bone lengths but not other body dimensions of IUGR lambs at birth. IUGR did not impair glucose control or insulin action at days 12-14, compared with controls. MMDS increased metabolic clearance rate of insulin and increased β-cell numerical density and tended to improve insulin sensitivity, compared with untreated IUGR lambs. This demonstrates that effects of late-pregnancy methyl donor supplementation persist until at least the third week of life. Whether these effects of MMDS persist beyond early postnatal life and improve metabolic outcomes after IUGR in adults and the underlying mechanisms remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti A Sulaiman
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M Lyn Harland
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kathryn L Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Julie A Owens
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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De Blasio MJ, Ramalingam A, Cao AH, Prakoso D, Ye JM, Pickering R, Watson AM, de Haan JB, Kaye DM, Ritchie RH. The superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol blunts diabetes-induced upregulation of NADPH oxidase and endoplasmic reticulum stress in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 807:12-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Harris SE, De Blasio MJ, Davis MA, Kelly AC, Davenport HM, Wooding FBP, Blache D, Meredith D, Anderson M, Fowden AL, Limesand SW, Forhead AJ. Hypothyroidism in utero stimulates pancreatic beta cell proliferation and hyperinsulinaemia in the ovine fetus during late gestation. J Physiol 2017; 595:3331-3343. [PMID: 28144955 PMCID: PMC5451716 DOI: 10.1113/jp273555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Key points Thyroid hormones are important regulators of growth and maturation before birth, although the extent to which their actions are mediated by insulin and the development of pancreatic beta cell mass is unknown. Hypothyroidism in fetal sheep induced by removal of the thyroid gland caused asymmetric organ growth, increased pancreatic beta cell mass and proliferation, and was associated with increased circulating concentrations of insulin and leptin. In isolated fetal sheep islets studied in vitro, thyroid hormones inhibited beta cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner, while high concentrations of insulin and leptin stimulated proliferation. The developing pancreatic beta cell is therefore sensitive to thyroid hormone, insulin and leptin before birth, with possible consequences for pancreatic function in fetal and later life. The findings of this study highlight the importance of thyroid hormones during pregnancy for normal development of the fetal pancreas.
Abstract Development of pancreatic beta cell mass before birth is essential for normal growth of the fetus and for long‐term control of carbohydrate metabolism in postnatal life. Thyroid hormones are also important regulators of fetal growth, and the present study tested the hypotheses that thyroid hormones promote beta cell proliferation in the fetal ovine pancreatic islets, and that growth retardation in hypothyroid fetal sheep is associated with reductions in pancreatic beta cell mass and circulating insulin concentration in utero. Organ growth and pancreatic islet cell proliferation and mass were examined in sheep fetuses following removal of the thyroid gland in utero. The effects of triiodothyronine (T3), insulin and leptin on beta cell proliferation rates were determined in isolated fetal ovine pancreatic islets in vitro. Hypothyroidism in the sheep fetus resulted in an asymmetric pattern of organ growth, pancreatic beta cell hyperplasia, and elevated plasma insulin and leptin concentrations. In pancreatic islets isolated from intact fetal sheep, beta cell proliferation in vitro was reduced by T3 in a dose‐dependent manner and increased by insulin at high concentrations only. Leptin induced a bimodal response whereby beta cell proliferation was suppressed at the lowest, and increased at the highest, concentrations. Therefore, proliferation of beta cells isolated from the ovine fetal pancreas is sensitive to physiological concentrations of T3, insulin and leptin. Alterations in these hormones may be responsible for the increased beta cell proliferation and mass observed in the hypothyroid sheep fetus and may have consequences for pancreatic function in later life. Thyroid hormones are important regulators of growth and maturation before birth, although the extent to which their actions are mediated by insulin and the development of pancreatic beta cell mass is unknown. Hypothyroidism in fetal sheep induced by removal of the thyroid gland caused asymmetric organ growth, increased pancreatic beta cell mass and proliferation, and was associated with increased circulating concentrations of insulin and leptin. In isolated fetal sheep islets studied in vitro, thyroid hormones inhibited beta cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner, while high concentrations of insulin and leptin stimulated proliferation. The developing pancreatic beta cell is therefore sensitive to thyroid hormone, insulin and leptin before birth, with possible consequences for pancreatic function in fetal and later life. The findings of this study highlight the importance of thyroid hormones during pregnancy for normal development of the fetal pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley E Harris
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Melissa A Davis
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Amy C Kelly
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Hailey M Davenport
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - F B Peter Wooding
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Dominique Blache
- School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, 6009, Crawley, Australia
| | - David Meredith
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Miranda Anderson
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Abigail L Fowden
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Sean W Limesand
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Alison J Forhead
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
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Qin CX, Sleaby R, Davidoff AJ, Bell JR, De Blasio MJ, Delbridge LM, Chatham JC, Ritchie RH. Insights into the role of maladaptive hexosamine biosynthesis and O-GlcNAcylation in development of diabetic cardiac complications. Pharmacol Res 2016; 116:45-56. [PMID: 27988387 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus significantly increases the risk of heart failure, independent of coronary artery disease. The mechanisms implicated in the development of diabetic heart disease, commonly termed diabetic cardiomyopathy, are complex, but much of the impact of diabetes on the heart can be attributed to impaired glucose handling. It has been shown that the maladaptive nutrient-sensing hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) contributes to diabetic complications in many non-cardiac tissues. Glucose metabolism by the HBP leads to enzymatically-regulated, O-linked attachment of a sugar moiety molecule, β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), to proteins, affecting their biological activity (similar to phosphorylation). In normal physiology, transient activation of HBP/O-GlcNAc mechanisms is an adaptive, protective means to enhance cell survival; interventions that acutely suppress this pathway decrease tolerance to stress. Conversely, chronic dysregulation of HBP/O-GlcNAc mechanisms has been shown to be detrimental in certain pathological settings, including diabetes and cancer. Most of our understanding of the impact of sustained maladaptive HBP and O-GlcNAc protein modifications has been derived from adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and other non-cardiac tissues, as a contributing mechanism to insulin resistance and progression of diabetic complications. However, the long-term consequences of persistent activation of cardiac HBP and O-GlcNAc are not well-understood; therefore, the goal of this timely review is to highlight current understanding of the role of the HBP pathway in development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xue Qin
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Rochelle Sleaby
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Amy J Davidoff
- University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04072, United States
| | - James R Bell
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - John C Chatham
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, United States
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia.
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Hunter DS, Hazel SJ, Kind KL, Liu H, Marini D, Giles LC, De Blasio MJ, Owens JA, Pitcher JB, Gatford KL. Effects of induced placental and fetal growth restriction, size at birth and early neonatal growth on behavioural and brain structural lateralization in sheep. Laterality 2016; 22:560-589. [PMID: 27759494 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2016.1243552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Poor perinatal growth in humans results in asymmetrical grey matter loss in fetuses and infants and increased functional and behavioural asymmetry, but specific contributions of pre- and postnatal growth are unclear. We therefore compared strength and direction of lateralization in obstacle avoidance and maze exit preference tasks in offspring of placentally restricted (PR: 10M, 13F) and control (CON: 23M, 17F) sheep pregnancies at 18 and 40 weeks of age, and examined gross brain structure of the prefrontal cortex at 52 weeks of age (PR: 14M, 18F; CON: 23M, 25F). PR did not affect lateralization direction, but 40-week-old PR females had greater lateralization strength than CON (P = .021). Behavioural lateralization measures were not correlated with perinatal growth. PR did not alter brain morphology. In males, cross-sectional areas of the prefrontal cortex and left hemisphere correlated positively with skull width at birth, and white matter area correlated positively with neonatal growth rate of the skull (all P < .05). These studies reinforce the need to include progeny of both sexes in future studies of neurodevelopmental programming, and suggest that restricting in utero growth has relatively mild effects on gross brain structural or behavioural lateralization in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Seth Hunter
- a Robinson Research Institute , North Adelaide , Australia.,b Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School , Adelaide , Australia.,c School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Susan J Hazel
- c School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Karen L Kind
- a Robinson Research Institute , North Adelaide , Australia.,c School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Hong Liu
- a Robinson Research Institute , North Adelaide , Australia.,b Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Danila Marini
- c School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Lynne C Giles
- a Robinson Research Institute , North Adelaide , Australia.,d School of Population Health , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- a Robinson Research Institute , North Adelaide , Australia.,b Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Julie A Owens
- a Robinson Research Institute , North Adelaide , Australia.,b Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Julia B Pitcher
- a Robinson Research Institute , North Adelaide , Australia.,b Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Kathryn L Gatford
- a Robinson Research Institute , North Adelaide , Australia.,b Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School , Adelaide , Australia
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29
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De Blasio MJ, Boije M, Kempster SL, Smith GCS, Charnock-Jones DS, Denyer A, Hughes A, Wooding FBP, Blache D, Fowden AL, Forhead AJ. Leptin Matures Aspects of Lung Structure and Function in the Ovine Fetus. Endocrinology 2016; 157:395-404. [PMID: 26479186 PMCID: PMC4701894 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In human and ovine fetuses, glucocorticoids stimulate leptin secretion, although the extent to which leptin mediates the maturational effects of glucocorticoids on pulmonary development is unclear. This study investigated the effects of leptin administration on indices of lung structure and function before birth. Chronically catheterized singleton sheep fetuses were infused iv for 5 days with either saline or recombinant ovine leptin (0.5 mg/kg · d leptin (LEP), 0.5 LEP or 1.0 mg/kg · d, 1.0 LEP) from 125 days of gestation (term ∼145 d). Over the infusion, leptin administration increased plasma leptin, but not cortisol, concentrations. On the fifth day of infusion, 0.5 LEP reduced alveolar wall thickness and increased the volume at closing pressure of the pressure-volume deflation curve, interalveolar septal elastin content, secondary septal crest density, and the mRNA abundance of the leptin receptor (Ob-R) and surfactant protein (SP) B. Neither treatment influenced static lung compliance, maximal lung volume at 40 cmH2O, lung compartment volumes, alveolar surface area, pulmonary glycogen, protein content of the long form signaling Ob-Rb or phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription-3, or mRNA levels of SP-A, C, or D, elastin, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, angiotensin-converting enzyme, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, or parathyroid hormone-related peptide. Leptin administration in the ovine fetus during late gestation promotes aspects of lung maturation, including up-regulation of SP-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles J De Blasio
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (M.J.D.B., M.B., A.D., A.H., F.B.P.W., A.L.F., A.J.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (S.L.K.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (G.C.S.S., D.S.C.-J.), University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SW, United Kingdom; School of Animal Biology (D.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 60095; and Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Boije
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (M.J.D.B., M.B., A.D., A.H., F.B.P.W., A.L.F., A.J.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (S.L.K.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (G.C.S.S., D.S.C.-J.), University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SW, United Kingdom; School of Animal Biology (D.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 60095; and Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L Kempster
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (M.J.D.B., M.B., A.D., A.H., F.B.P.W., A.L.F., A.J.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (S.L.K.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (G.C.S.S., D.S.C.-J.), University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SW, United Kingdom; School of Animal Biology (D.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 60095; and Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon C S Smith
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (M.J.D.B., M.B., A.D., A.H., F.B.P.W., A.L.F., A.J.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (S.L.K.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (G.C.S.S., D.S.C.-J.), University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SW, United Kingdom; School of Animal Biology (D.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 60095; and Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - D Stephen Charnock-Jones
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (M.J.D.B., M.B., A.D., A.H., F.B.P.W., A.L.F., A.J.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (S.L.K.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (G.C.S.S., D.S.C.-J.), University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SW, United Kingdom; School of Animal Biology (D.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 60095; and Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Denyer
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (M.J.D.B., M.B., A.D., A.H., F.B.P.W., A.L.F., A.J.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (S.L.K.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (G.C.S.S., D.S.C.-J.), University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SW, United Kingdom; School of Animal Biology (D.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 60095; and Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Hughes
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (M.J.D.B., M.B., A.D., A.H., F.B.P.W., A.L.F., A.J.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (S.L.K.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (G.C.S.S., D.S.C.-J.), University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SW, United Kingdom; School of Animal Biology (D.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 60095; and Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - F B Peter Wooding
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (M.J.D.B., M.B., A.D., A.H., F.B.P.W., A.L.F., A.J.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (S.L.K.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (G.C.S.S., D.S.C.-J.), University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SW, United Kingdom; School of Animal Biology (D.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 60095; and Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Blache
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (M.J.D.B., M.B., A.D., A.H., F.B.P.W., A.L.F., A.J.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (S.L.K.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (G.C.S.S., D.S.C.-J.), University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SW, United Kingdom; School of Animal Biology (D.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 60095; and Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail L Fowden
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (M.J.D.B., M.B., A.D., A.H., F.B.P.W., A.L.F., A.J.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (S.L.K.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (G.C.S.S., D.S.C.-J.), University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SW, United Kingdom; School of Animal Biology (D.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 60095; and Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Alison J Forhead
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (M.J.D.B., M.B., A.D., A.H., F.B.P.W., A.L.F., A.J.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (S.L.K.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (G.C.S.S., D.S.C.-J.), University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SW, United Kingdom; School of Animal Biology (D.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 60095; and Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
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30
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De Blasio MJ, Huynh K, Qin C, Rosli S, Kiriazis H, Ayer A, Cemerlang N, Stocker R, Du XJ, McMullen JR, Ritchie RH. Therapeutic targeting of oxidative stress with coenzyme Q10 counteracts exaggerated diabetic cardiomyopathy in a mouse model of diabetes with diminished PI3K(p110α) signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 87:137-47. [PMID: 25937176 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes-induced cardiac complications include left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and heart failure. We previously demonstrated that LV phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110α (PI3K) protects the heart against diabetic cardiomyopathy, associated with reduced NADPH oxidase expression and activity. Conversely, in dominant negative PI3K(p110α) transgenic mice (dnPI3K), reduced cardiac PI3K signaling exaggerated diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy, associated with upregulated NADPH oxidase. The goal was to examine whether chronic supplementation with the antioxidant coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) could attenuate LV superoxide and diabetic cardiomyopathy in a setting of impaired PI3K signaling. Diabetes was induced in 6-week-old nontransgenic and dnPI3K male mice via streptozotocin. After 4 weeks of diabetes, CoQ(10) supplementation commenced (10 mg/kg ip, 3 times/week, 8 weeks). At study end (12 weeks of diabetes), markers of LV function, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, collagen deposition, NADPH oxidase, oxidative stress (3-nitrotyrosine), and concentrations of CoQ(9) and CoQ(10) were determined. LV NADPH oxidase (Nox2 gene expression and activity, and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence), as well as oxidative stress, were increased by diabetes, exaggerated in diabetic dnPI3K mice, and attenuated by CoQ(10). Diabetes-induced LV diastolic dysfunction (prolonged deceleration time, elevated end-diastolic pressure, impaired E/A ratio), cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis, expression of atrial natriuretic peptide, connective tissue growth factor, and β-myosin heavy chain were all attenuated by CoQ(10). Chronic CoQ(10) supplementation attenuates aspects of diabetic cardiomyopathy, even in a setting of reduced cardiac PI3K protective signaling. Given that CoQ(10) supplementation has been suggested to have positive outcomes in heart failure patients, chronic CoQ(10) supplementation may be an attractive adjunct therapy for diabetic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles J De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria Australia 3004
| | - Karina Huynh
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria Australia 3004; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria Australia 3004
| | - Chengxue Qin
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria Australia 3004
| | - Sarah Rosli
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria Australia 3004
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Experimental Cardiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria Australia 3004
| | - Anita Ayer
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, and University of New South Wales, Sydney New South Wales Australia 2010
| | - Nelly Cemerlang
- Cardiac Hypertrophy, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria Australia 3004
| | - Roland Stocker
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, and University of New South Wales, Sydney New South Wales Australia 2010
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Experimental Cardiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria Australia 3004; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria Australia 3004
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria Australia 3004; Cardiac Hypertrophy, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria Australia 3004; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria Australia 3004
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria Australia 3004; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria Australia 3004.
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31
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Liu H, Schultz CG, De Blasio MJ, Peura AM, Heinemann GK, Harryanto H, Hunter DS, Wooldridge AL, Kind KL, Giles LC, Simmons RA, Owens JA, Gatford KL. Effect of placental restriction and neonatal exendin-4 treatment on postnatal growth, adult body composition, and in vivo glucose metabolism in the sheep. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015. [PMID: 26219868 PMCID: PMC4631533 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00487.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) increases the risk of adult type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Neonatal exendin-4 treatment can prevent diabetes in the IUGR rat, but whether this will be effective in a species where the pancreas is more mature at birth is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of neonatal exendin-4 administration after experimental restriction of placental and fetal growth on growth and adult metabolic outcomes in sheep. Body composition, glucose tolerance, and insulin secretion and sensitivity were assessed in singleton-born adult sheep from control (CON; n = 6 females and 4 males) and placentally restricted pregnancies (PR; n = 13 females and 7 males) and in sheep from PR pregnancies that were treated with exendin-4 as neonates (daily sc injections of 1 nmol/kg exendin-4; PR + exendin-4; n = 11 females and 7 males). Placental restriction reduced birth weight (by 29%) and impaired glucose tolerance in the adult but did not affect adult adiposity, insulin secretion, or insulin sensitivity. Neonatal exendin-4 suppressed growth during treatment, followed by delayed catchup growth and unchanged adult adiposity. Neonatal exendin-4 partially restored glucose tolerance in PR progeny but did not affect insulin secretion or sensitivity. Although the effects on glucose tolerance are promising, the lack of effects on adult body composition, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity suggest that the neonatal period may be too late to fully reprogram the metabolic consequences of IUGR in species that are more mature at birth than rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health
| | - Christopher G Schultz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, PET and Bone Densitometry, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health
| | - Anita M Peura
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health
| | - Gary K Heinemann
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health
| | - Himawan Harryanto
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health
| | - Damien S Hunter
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, and
| | - Amy L Wooldridge
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health
| | - Karen L Kind
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, and
| | - Lynne C Giles
- School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rebecca A Simmons
- University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julie A Owens
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health
| | - Kathryn L Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health,
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De Blasio MJ, Boije M, Vaughan OR, Bernstein BS, Davies KL, Plein A, Kempster SL, Smith GCS, Charnock-Jones DS, Blache D, Wooding FBP, Giussani DA, Fowden AL, Forhead AJ. Developmental Expression and Glucocorticoid Control of the Leptin Receptor in Fetal Ovine Lung. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136115. [PMID: 26287800 PMCID: PMC4545393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of endogenous and synthetic glucocorticoids on fetal lung maturation are well-established, although the role of leptin in lung development before birth is unclear. This study examined mRNA and protein levels of the signalling long-form leptin receptor (Ob-Rb) in fetal ovine lungs towards term, and after experimental manipulation of glucocorticoid levels in utero by fetal cortisol infusion or maternal dexamethasone treatment. In fetal ovine lungs, Ob-Rb protein was localised to bronchiolar epithelium, bronchial cartilage, vascular endothelium, alveolar macrophages and type II pneumocytes. Pulmonary Ob-Rb mRNA abundance increased between 100 (0.69 fractional gestational age) and 144 days (0.99) of gestation, and by 2-4-fold in response to fetal cortisol infusion and maternal dexamethasone treatment. In contrast, pulmonary Ob-Rb protein levels decreased near term and were halved by glucocorticoid treatment, without any significant change in phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (pSTAT3) at Ser727, total STAT3 or the pulmonary pSTAT3:STAT3 ratio. Leptin mRNA was undetectable in fetal ovine lungs at the gestational ages studied. These findings demonstrate differential control of pulmonary Ob-Rb transcript abundance and protein translation, and/or post-translational processing, by glucocorticoids in utero. Localisation of Ob-Rb in the fetal ovine lungs, including alveolar type II pneumocytes, suggests a role for leptin signalling in the control of lung growth and maturation before birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles J. De Blasio
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Boije
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Owen R. Vaughan
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brett S. Bernstein
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katie L. Davies
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Plein
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L. Kempster
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon C. S. Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - D. Stephen Charnock-Jones
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Blache
- School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - F. B. Peter Wooding
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dino A. Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail L. Fowden
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alison J. Forhead
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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33
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Forhead AJ, Jellyman JK, De Blasio MJ, Johnson E, Giussani DA, Broughton Pipkin F, Fowden AL. Maternal Dexamethasone Treatment Alters Tissue and Circulating Components of the Renin-Angiotensin System in the Pregnant Ewe and Fetus. Endocrinology 2015; 156:3038-46. [PMID: 26039155 PMCID: PMC4511127 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Antenatal synthetic glucocorticoids promote fetal maturation in pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery and their mechanism of action may involve other endocrine systems. This study investigated the effect of maternal dexamethasone treatment, at clinically relevant doses, on components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the pregnant ewe and fetus. From 125 days of gestation (term, 145 ± 2 d), 10 ewes carrying single fetuses of mixed sex (3 female, 7 male) were injected twice im, at 10-11 pm, with dexamethasone (2 × 12 mg, n = 5) or saline (n = 5) at 24-hour intervals. At 10 hours after the second injection, maternal dexamethasone treatment increased angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) mRNA levels in the fetal lungs, kidneys, and heart and ACE concentration in the circulation and lungs, but not kidneys, of the fetuses. Fetal cardiac mRNA abundance of angiotensin II (AII) type 2 receptor decreased after maternal dexamethasone treatment. Between the two groups of fetuses, there were no significant differences in plasma angiotensinogen or renin concentrations; in transcript levels of renal renin, or AII type 1 or 2 receptors in the lungs and kidneys; or in pulmonary, renal or cardiac protein content of the AII receptors. In the pregnant ewes, dexamethasone administration increased pulmonary ACE and plasma angiotensinogen, and decreased plasma renin, concentrations. Some of the effects of dexamethasone treatment on the maternal and fetal RAS were associated with altered insulin and thyroid hormone activity. Changes in the local and circulating RAS induced by dexamethasone exposure in utero may contribute to the maturational and tissue-specific actions of antenatal glucocorticoid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Forhead
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (A.J.F., J.K.J., M.J.D.B., E.J., D.A.G., A.L.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (F.B.P.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Juanita K Jellyman
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (A.J.F., J.K.J., M.J.D.B., E.J., D.A.G., A.L.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (F.B.P.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (A.J.F., J.K.J., M.J.D.B., E.J., D.A.G., A.L.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (F.B.P.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Johnson
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (A.J.F., J.K.J., M.J.D.B., E.J., D.A.G., A.L.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (F.B.P.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Dino A Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (A.J.F., J.K.J., M.J.D.B., E.J., D.A.G., A.L.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (F.B.P.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Broughton Pipkin
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (A.J.F., J.K.J., M.J.D.B., E.J., D.A.G., A.L.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (F.B.P.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail L Fowden
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (A.J.F., J.K.J., M.J.D.B., E.J., D.A.G., A.L.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (F.B.P.), University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
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Barrett HL, Dekker Nitert M, Jones L, O'Rourke P, Lust K, Gatford KL, De Blasio MJ, Coat S, Owens JA, Hague WM, McIntyre HD, Callaway L, Rowan J. Determinants of maternal triglycerides in women with gestational diabetes mellitus in the Metformin in Gestational Diabetes (MiG) study. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:1941-6. [PMID: 23393209 PMCID: PMC3687298 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-2132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Factors associated with increasing maternal triglyceride concentrations in late pregnancy include gestational age, obesity, preeclampsia, and altered glucose metabolism. In a subgroup of women in the Metformin in Gestational Diabetes (MiG) trial, maternal plasma triglycerides increased more between enrollment (30 weeks) and 36 weeks in those treated with metformin compared with insulin. The aim of this study was to explain this finding by examining factors potentially related to triglycerides in these women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Of the 733 women randomized to metformin or insulin in the MiG trial, 432 (219 metformin and 213 insulin) had fasting plasma triglycerides measured at enrollment and at 36 weeks. Factors associated with maternal triglycerides were assessed using general linear modeling. RESULTS Mean plasma triglyceride concentrations were 2.43 (95% CI 2.35-2.51) mmol/L at enrollment. Triglycerides were higher at 36 weeks in women randomized to metformin (2.94 [2.80-3.08] mmol/L; +23.13% [18.72-27.53%]) than insulin (2.65 [2.54-2.77] mmol/L, P = 0.002; +14.36% [10.91-17.82%], P = 0.002). At 36 weeks, triglycerides were associated with HbA1c (P = 0.03), ethnicity (P = 0.001), and treatment allocation (P = 0.005). In insulin-treated women, 36-week triglycerides were associated with 36-week HbA1c (P = 0.02), and in metformin-treated women, they were related to ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS At 36 weeks, maternal triglycerides were related to glucose control in women treated with insulin and ethnicity in women treated with metformin. Whether there are ethnicity-related dietary changes or differences in metformin response that alter the relationship between glucose control and triglycerides requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Barrett
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
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Barrett HL, Gatford KL, Houda CM, De Blasio MJ, McIntyre HD, Callaway LK, Dekker Nitert M, Coat S, Owens JA, Hague WM, Rowan JA. Maternal and neonatal circulating markers of metabolic and cardiovascular risk in the metformin in gestational diabetes (MiG) trial: responses to maternal metformin versus insulin treatment. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:529-36. [PMID: 23048188 PMCID: PMC3579335 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to compare glucose, lipids, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus treated with metformin or insulin and in cord plasma of their offspring and to examine how these markers relate to infant size at birth. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Women with gestational diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned to metformin or insulin in the Metformin in Gestational Diabetes trial. Fasting maternal plasma glucose, lipids, and CRP were measured at randomization, 36 weeks' gestation, and 6-8 weeks postpartum as well as in cord plasma. Women with available cord blood samples (metformin n = 236, insulin n = 242) were included. RESULTS Maternal plasma triglycerides increased more from randomization to 36 weeks' gestation in women treated with metformin (21.93%) versus insulin (9.69%, P < 0.001). Maternal and cord plasma lipids, CRP, and neonatal anthropometry did not differ between treatments. In logistic regression analyses adjusted for confounders, the strongest associations with birth weight >90th centile were maternal triglycerides and measures of glucose control at 36 weeks. CONCLUSIONS There were few differences in circulating maternal and neonatal markers of metabolic status and no differences in measures of anthropometry between the offspring of women treated with metformin and the offspring of women treated with insulin. There may be subtle effects of metformin on maternal lipid function, but the findings suggest that treating gestational diabetes mellitus with metformin does not adversely affect lipids or CRP in cord plasma or neonatal anthropometric measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Barrett
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
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Gatford KL, Sulaiman SA, Mohammad SNB, De Blasio MJ, Harland ML, Simmons RA, Owens JA. Neonatal exendin-4 reduces growth, fat deposition and glucose tolerance during treatment in the intrauterine growth-restricted lamb. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56553. [PMID: 23424667 PMCID: PMC3570470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background IUGR increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in later life, due to reduced insulin sensitivity and impaired adaptation of insulin secretion. In IUGR rats, development of T2DM can be prevented by neonatal administration of the GLP-1 analogue exendin-4. We therefore investigated effects of neonatal exendin-4 administration on insulin action and β-cell mass and function in the IUGR neonate in the sheep, a species with a more developed pancreas at birth. Methods Twin IUGR lambs were injected s.c. daily with vehicle (IUGR+Veh, n = 8) or exendin-4 (1 nmol.kg-1, IUGR+Ex-4, n = 8), and singleton control lambs were injected with vehicle (CON, n = 7), from d 1 to 16 of age. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity were measured in vivo during treatment (d 12–14). Body composition, β-cell mass and in vitro insulin secretion of isolated pancreatic islets were measured at d 16. Principal Findings IUGR+Veh did not alter in vivo insulin secretion or insulin sensitivity or β-cell mass, but increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vitro. Exendin-4 treatment of the IUGR lamb impaired glucose tolerance in vivo, reflecting reduced insulin sensitivity, and normalised glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vitro. Exendin-4 also reduced neonatal growth and visceral fat accumulation in IUGR lambs, known risk factors for later T2DM. Conclusions Neonatal exendin-4 induces changes in IUGR lambs that might improve later insulin action. Whether these effects of exendin-4 lead to improved insulin action in adult life after IUGR in the sheep, as in the PR rat, requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Gatford
- Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Tung E, Roberts CT, Heinemann GK, De Blasio MJ, Kind KL, van Wettere WHEJ, Owens JA, Gatford KL. Increased placental nutrient transporter expression at midgestation after maternal growth hormone treatment in pigs: a placental mechanism for increased fetal growth. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:126. [PMID: 23018188 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is important in maternal adaptation to pregnancy, and maternal circulating GH concentrations are reduced in human growth-restricted pregnancies. In the pig, maternal GH treatment throughout early to mid pregnancy increases fetal growth, despite constraining effects of adolescent and primiparous pregnancy, high litter size, and restricted maternal nutrition. Because GH cannot cross the placenta and does not increase placental weight, we hypothesized that its effects on fetal growth might be via improved placental structure or function. We therefore investigated effects of maternal GH treatment in pigs on structural correlates of placental function and placental expression of nutrient transporters important to fetal growth. Multiparous (sows) and primiparous pregnant pigs (gilts) were treated with GH (~15 μg kg(-1) day(-1)) or vehicle from Days 25-50 of gestation (n = 7-8 per group, term ~115 days). Placentas were collected at Day 50 of gestation, and we measured structural correlates of function and expression of SLC2A1 (previously known as GLUT1) and SLC38A2 (previously known as SNAT2) nutrient transporters. Maternal GH treatment did not alter placental size or structure, increased protein expression of SLC2A1 in trophoblast (+35%; P = 0.037) and on its basal membrane (+44%; P = 0.011), and increased SLC38A2 protein expression in the basal (+44%; P = 0.001) but not the apical cytoplasm of trophoblast. Our findings suggest that maternal GH treatment increases fetal growth, in part, by enhancing placental nutrient transporter protein expression and hence fetal nutrient supply as well as trophoblast proliferation and differentiation and may have the potential to ameliorate intrauterine growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tung
- Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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De Blasio MJ, Gatford KL, Harland ML, Robinson JS, Owens JA. Placental restriction reduces insulin sensitivity and expression of insulin signaling and glucose transporter genes in skeletal muscle, but not liver, in young sheep. Endocrinology 2012; 153:2142-51. [PMID: 22434080 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Poor growth before birth is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity later in life, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes. The tissue sites at which insulin resistance first develops after intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and its molecular basis, are unclear. We have therefore characterized the effects of placental restriction (PR), a major cause of IUGR, on whole-body insulin sensitivity and expression of molecular determinants of insulin signaling and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and liver of young lambs. Whole-body insulin sensitivity was measured at 30 d by hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp and expression of insulin signaling genes (receptors, pathways, and targets) at 43 d in muscle and liver of control (n = 15) and PR (n = 13) lambs. PR reduced size at birth and increased postnatal growth, fasting plasma glucose (+15%, P = 0.004), and insulin (+115%, P = 0.009). PR reduced whole-body insulin sensitivity (-43%, P < 0.001) and skeletal muscle expression of INSR (-36%), IRS1 (-28%), AKT2 (-44%), GLUT4 (-88%), GSK3α (-35%), and GYS1 (-31%) overall (each P < 0.05) and decreased AMPKγ3 expression in females (P = 0.030). PR did not alter hepatic expression of insulin signaling and related genes but increased GLUT2 expression (P = 0.047) in males. Whole-body insulin sensitivity correlated positively with skeletal muscle expression of IRS1, AKT2, HK, AMPKγ2, and AMPKγ3 in PR lambs only (each P < 0.05) but not with hepatic gene expression in control or PR lambs. Onset of insulin resistance after PR and IUGR is accompanied by, and can be accounted for by, reduced expression of insulin signaling and metabolic genes in skeletal muscle but not liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles J De Blasio
- The Robinson Institute and School of Pediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Gatford KL, De Blasio MJ, How TA, Harland ML, Summers-Pearce BL, Owens JA. Testing the plasticity of insulin secretion and β-cell functionin vivo: responses to chronic hyperglycaemia in the sheep. Exp Physiol 2012; 97:663-75. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2011.063560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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De Blasio MJ, Blache D, Gatford KL, Robinson JS, Owens JA. Placental restriction increases adipose leptin gene expression and plasma leptin and alters their relationship to feeding activity in the young lamb. Pediatr Res 2010; 67:603-8. [PMID: 20220548 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3181dbc471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Low birth weight and catch-up growth predict increased adiposity in children and adults. This may be due in part to leptin resistance, as adults who were born small exhibit increased plasma leptin concentration relative to adiposity. Placental restriction (PR), a major cause of intrauterine growth restriction, reduces size at birth and increases feeding activity and adiposity by 6 wk in sheep. We hypothesized that PR would increase plasma leptin concentration and alter its relationship with feeding activity and adiposity in young lambs. Body size, plasma leptin, feeding activity, adiposity, leptin, and leptin receptor gene expression in adipose tissue were measured (12 control, 12 PR). PR reduced size at birth and increased adiposity. Plasma leptin concentration decreased with age, but to a lesser extent after PR and correlated positively with adiposity similarly in control and PR. PR increased plasma leptin concentration and perirenal adipose tissue leptin expression. Feeding activity correlated negatively with plasma leptin concentration in controls, but positively after PR. PR increases adipose tissue leptin expression and plasma leptin concentration, however, this increased abundance of peripheral leptin does not inhibit feeding activity (suckling event frequency), suggesting PR programs resistance to appetite and energy balance regulation by leptin, leading to early onset obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles J De Blasio
- Robinson Institute & School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
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Gatford KL, De Blasio MJ, Roberts CT, Nottle MB, Kind KL, van Wettere WHEJ, Smits RJ, Owens JA. Responses to maternal GH or ractopamine during early-mid pregnancy are similar in primiparous and multiparous pregnant pigs. J Endocrinol 2009; 203:143-54. [PMID: 19654144 DOI: 10.1677/joe-09-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth is restricted in primiparous pigs (gilts) compared with dams who have had previous pregnancies (sows), as in other species. In gilts, daily maternal porcine GH (pGH) injections from day 25 to 50 of pregnancy (term approximately 115 day) increase fetal growth and progeny muscularity, and responses in sows are unknown. Whether feeding the beta(2)-adrenergic agonist ractopamine during this period increases progeny growth rates in either parity and fetal responses in gilts, have not been investigated. We hypothesised that fetal and placental growth and fetal muscle development would be increased more by maternal pGH and/or ractopamine during early-mid pregnancy in gilts than sows, since fetal growth is restricted in gilts causing lower birth weights. Large White x Landrace gilts and sows were injected daily with water (controls) or pGH (approximately 15 microg/kg per day), or were fed 20 ppm ractopamine, between day 25 and 50 of pregnancy. Maternal pGH increased litter average fetal weight (11%, P=0.007) and length (3%, P=0.022), but not placental weight, at day 50 of pregnancy, irrespective of parity, and had the greatest effects in the heaviest fetuses of each litter. Maternal ractopamine increased average fetal weight (9%, P=0.018), but not length. Muscle fiber diameter was increased by pGH in heavy littermates and by ractopamine in median littermates. Similar fetal growth responses to pGH and ractopamine in gilts and sows suggest that these hormones increase fetal nutrient availability similarly in both parities. We therefore predict that sustained pGH treatment will increase progeny birth weight, postnatal growth and survival, in both sows and gilts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Gatford
- Research Centre for Early Origins of Health and Disease, Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
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Gatford KL, Mohammad SNB, Harland ML, De Blasio MJ, Fowden AL, Robinson JS, Owens JA. Impaired beta-cell function and inadequate compensatory increases in beta-cell mass after intrauterine growth restriction in sheep. Endocrinology 2008; 149:5118-27. [PMID: 18535100 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Poor growth before birth increases the risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and impairs insulin secretion relative to sensitivity. We investigated the effects of intrauterine growth restriction in sheep on insulin secretion, beta-cell mass, and function from before birth to young adulthood and its molecular basis. Pancreas was collected from control and placentally restricted sheep as fetuses (d 143 gestation), lambs (aged 42 d), and young adults (aged 556 d), following independent measures of in vivo insulin secretion and sensitivity. beta-Cells and islets were counted after immunohistochemical staining for insulin. In lambs, gene expression was measured by RT-PCR and expressed relative to 18S. beta-Cell mass correlated positively with fetal weight but negatively with birth weight in adult males. Glucose-stimulated insulin disposition and beta-cell function correlated negatively with fetal weight but positively with birth weight in adult males. Placental restriction increased pancreatic expression of IGF-II and IGF-I but decreased that of voltage-gated calcium channel, alpha1D subunit (CACNA1D) in lambs. In male lambs, pancreatic IGF-II and insulin receptor expression correlated strongly and positively with beta-cell mass and CACNA1D expression with glucose-stimulated insulin disposition. Restricted growth before birth in the sheep does not impair insulin secretion, relative to sensitivity, before birth or in young offspring. IGF-II and insulin receptor are implicated as key molecular regulators of beta-cell mass compensation, whereas impaired expression of the voltage-gated calcium channel may underlie impaired beta-cell function after intrauterine growth restriction. With aging, the insulin secretory capacity of the beta-cell is impaired in males, and their increases in beta-cell mass are inadequate to maintain adequate insulin secretion relative to sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Gatford
- Research Centre for Early Origins of Adult Disease, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Siebel AL, Mibus A, De Blasio MJ, Westcott KT, Morris MJ, Prior L, Owens JA, Wlodek ME. Improved lactational nutrition and postnatal growth ameliorates impairment of glucose tolerance by uteroplacental insufficiency in male rat offspring. Endocrinology 2008; 149:3067-76. [PMID: 18339706 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction and accelerated postnatal growth predict increased risk of diabetes. Uteroplacental insufficiency in the rat restricts fetal growth but also impairs mammary development and postnatal growth. We used cross fostering to compare the influence of prenatal and postnatal nutritional restraint on adult glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y content in Wistar Kyoto rats at 6 months of age. Bilateral uterine vessel ligation (restricted) to induce uteroplacental insufficiency or sham surgery (control) was performed on d-18 gestation. Control, restricted, and reduced (reducing litter size of controls to match restricted) pups were cross fostered onto a control or restricted mother 1 d after birth. Restricted pups were born small compared with controls. Restricted males, but not females, remained lighter up to 6 months, regardless of postnatal environment. By 10 wk, restricted-on-restricted males ate more than controls. At 6 months restricted-on-restricted males had increased hypothalamic neuropeptide Y content compared with other groups, and together with reduced-on-restricted males had increased retroperitoneal fat weight (percent body weight) compared with control-on-controls. Restricted-on-restricted males had impaired glucose tolerance, reduced first-phase insulin secretion, but unaltered insulin sensitivity, compared with control-on-controls. In males, being born small and exposed to an impaired lactational environment adversely affects adult glucose tolerance and first-phase insulin secretion, but improving lactation partially ameliorates this condition. This study identifies early life as a target for intervention to prevent later diabetes after prenatal restraint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Siebel
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia.
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Owens JA, Gatford KL, De Blasio MJ, Edwards LJ, McMillen IC, Fowden AL. Restriction of placental growth in sheep impairs insulin secretion but not sensitivity before birth. J Physiol 2007; 584:935-49. [PMID: 17761772 PMCID: PMC2276990 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.142141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Restricted growth before birth is associated with impaired insulin secretion but with initially enhanced insulin sensitivity in early postnatal life, which then progresses to insulin resistance and impaired glucose homeostasis by adulthood. This suggests that prenatal restraint impairs insulin secretion, but increases insulin sensitivity, before birth. Poor placental growth and function are major causes of restricted fetal growth in humans. We have therefore investigated the effects of restricted placental growth and function on plasma glucose, alpha-amino nitrogen and insulin concentrations and glucose- and arginine-stimulated insulin secretion in the fetal sheep at 120 and 140 days gestational age, and on insulin sensitivity, measured by hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp, at 130 days gestational age. Placental restriction decreased fetal blood pH and oxygen content, and weight in late gestation by approximately 20%. Reduced fetal and placental weights and indices of poor placental function, in particular fetal hypoxia and hypoglycaemia, were associated with impaired glucose- and arginine-stimulated insulin secretion, but not with changes in insulin sensitivity in the fetal sheep. We conclude that the impaired insulin secretion capacity reported in children and adults after intrauterine growth restriction, and in the neonatal and young adult sheep which is small at birth, is present in utero and persists. Whether this reflects the actions of the adverse intrauterine environment or changes to intrinsic capacity is unclear, but in utero interventions may be necessary to improve postnatal insulin secretion in the infant who is growth-restricted before birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Owens
- Department of Physiology, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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De Blasio MJ, Gatford KL, McMillen IC, Robinson JS, Owens JA. Placental restriction of fetal growth increases insulin action, growth, and adiposity in the young lamb. Endocrinology 2007; 148:1350-8. [PMID: 17110432 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Most children who are short or light at birth due to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) exhibit accelerated growth in infancy, termed "catch-up" growth, which together with IUGR, predicts increased risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity later in life. Placental restriction (PR) in sheep reduces size at birth, and also causes catch-up growth and increased adiposity at 6 wk of age. The physiological mechanisms responsible for catch-up growth after IUGR and its links to these adverse sequelae are unknown. Because insulin is a major anabolic hormone of infancy and its actions are commonly perturbed in these related disorders, we hypothesized that restriction of fetal growth would alter insulin secretion and sensitivity in the juvenile sheep at 1 month, which would be related to their altered growth and adiposity. We show that PR impairs glucose-stimulated insulin production, but not fasting insulin abundance or production in the young sheep. However, PR increases insulin sensitivity of circulating free fatty acids (FFAs), and insulin disposition indices for glucose and FFAs. Catch-up growth is predicted by the insulin disposition indices for amino acids and FFAs, and adiposity by that for FFAs. This suggests that catch-up growth and early-onset visceral obesity after IUGR may have a common underlying cause, that of increased insulin action due primarily to enhanced insulin sensitivity, which could account in part for their links to adverse metabolic and related outcomes in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles J De Blasio
- Research Centre for Reproductive Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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De Blasio MJ, Gatford KL, Robinson JS, Owens JA. Placental restriction of fetal growth reduces size at birth and alters postnatal growth, feeding activity, and adiposity in the young lamb. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 292:R875-86. [PMID: 17023666 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00430.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with accelerated growth after birth. Together, IUGR and accelerated growth after birth predict reduced lean tissue mass and increased obesity in later life. Although placental insufficiency is a major cause of IUGR, whether it alters growth and adiposity in early postnatal life is not known. We hypothesized that placental restriction (PR) in the sheep would reduce size at birth and increase postnatal growth rate, fat mass, and feeding activity in the young lamb. PR reduced survival rate and size at birth, with soft tissues reduced to a greater extent than skeletal tissues and relative sparing of head width (P < 0.05 for all). PR did not alter absolute growth rates (i.e., the slope of the line of best fit for age vs. parameter size from birth to 45 days of age) but increased neonatal fractional growth rates (absolute growth rate relative to size at birth) for body weight (+24%), tibia (+15%) and metatarsal (+18%) lengths, hindlimb (+23%) and abdominal (+19%) circumferences, and fractional growth rates for current weight (P < 0.05) weekly throughout the first 45 days of life. PR and small size at birth reduced individual skeletal muscle weights and increased visceral adiposity in absolute and relative terms. PR also altered feeding activity, which increased with decreasing size at birth and was predictive of increased postnatal growth and adiposity. In conclusion, PR reduced size at birth and induced catch-up growth postnatally, normalizing weight and length but increasing adiposity in early postnatal life. Increased feeding activity may contribute to these alterations in growth and body composition following prenatal restraint and, if they persist, may lead to adverse metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles J De Blasio
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatric and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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De Blasio MJ, Gatford KL, Robinson JS, Owens JA. Placental restriction alters circulating thyroid hormone in the young lamb postnatally. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 291:R1016-24. [PMID: 16627695 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00103.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with accelerated growth and increased adiposity in early life due to unknown mechanisms, which could include increased thyroid hormone (TH) action. We hypothesized that placental restriction (PR) of fetal growth would increase circulating TH concentrations and alter their response to fasting, and that these would relate to growth and body composition in the young lamb. PR reduced size at birth, increased fractional growth rates (FGRs) of soft and skeletal tissues up to 30 days of age, and slowed the ontogenic decrease in plasma total T3 and plasma total T3/T4. PR did not alter the abundance of plasma THs after short-term fasting. In general, plasma total T3 and total T3/T4 ratio correlated negatively, whereas plasma total T4 correlated positively with size at birth. Absolute growth rates of weight and crown-rump length correlated positively with plasma total T3 and total T4 between days 15 and 35. Current FGRs for weight and metatarsal length correlated positively with plasma total T3 between days 20 and 35. In conclusion, PR and small size at birth reduce plasma total T4 and increase plasma total T3 postnatally, whereas catch-up growth relates to increased abundance of the more bioactive forms of TH. Finally, greater soft tissue growth occurs in PR compared with control lambs at the same circulating TH concentrations. This suggests that PR and small size at birth may increase activation of T4 to T3 and sensitivity of soft tissues to TH, which may contribute to catch-up growth following IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles J De Blasio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
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Gatford KL, De Blasio MJ, Dodic M, Horton DM, Kind KL. Perinatal Programming of Adult Metabolic Homeostasis. Early Life Origins of Health and Disease 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/0-387-32632-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gatford KL, Ekert JE, Blackmore K, De Blasio MJ, Boyce JM, Owens JA, Campbell RG, Owens PC. Variable maternal nutrition and growth hormone treatment in the second quarter of pregnancy in pigs alter semitendinosus muscle in adolescent progeny. Br J Nutr 2003; 90:283-93. [PMID: 12908888 DOI: 10.1079/bjn2003893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition and growth hormone (GH) treatment during early- to mid-pregnancy can each alter the subsequent growth and differentiation of muscle in progeny. We have investigated the effects of varying maternal nutrition and maternal treatment with porcine (p) GH during the second quarter of pregnancy in gilts on semitendinosus muscle cross-sectional area and fibre composition of progeny, and relationships between maternal and progeny measures and progeny muscularity. Fifty-three Large White x Landrace gilts, pregnant to Large White x Duroc boars, were fed either 2.2 kg (about 35 % ad libitum intake) or 3.0 kg commercial ration (13.5 MJ digestible energy, 150 g crude protein (N x 6.25)/kg DM)/d and injected with 0, 4 or 8 mg pGH/d from day 25 to 50 of pregnancy, then all were fed 2.2 kg/d for the remainder of pregnancy. The higher maternal feed allowance from day 25 to 50 of pregnancy increased the densities of total and secondary fibres and the secondary:primary fibre ratio in semitendinosus muscles of their female progeny at 61 d of age postnatally. The densities of secondary and total muscle fibres in semitendinosus muscles of progeny were predicted by maternal weight before treatment and maternal plasma insulin-like growth factor-II during treatment. Maternal pGH treatment from day 25 to day 50 of pregnancy did not alter fibre densities, but increased the cross-sectional area of the semitendinosus muscle; this may be partially explained by increased maternal plasma glucose. Thus, maternal nutrition and pGH treatment during the second quarter of pregnancy in pigs independently alter muscle characteristics in progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Gatford
- Research Centre for Physiology of Early Development, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
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