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Fiers J, Cay AB, Maes D, Tignon M. A Comprehensive Review on Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus with Emphasis on Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:942. [PMID: 39204065 PMCID: PMC11359659 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most important pathogens in pig production worldwide and responsible for enormous production and economic losses. PRRSV infection in gestating gilts and sows induces important reproductive failure. Additionally, respiratory distress is observed in infected piglets and fattening pigs, resulting in growth retardation and increased mortality. Importantly, PRRSV infection interferes with immunity in the respiratory tract, making PRRSV-infected pigs more susceptible to opportunistic secondary pathogens. Despite the availability of commercial PRRSV vaccines for more than three decades, control of the disease remains a frustrating and challenging task. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of PRRSV, covering its history, economic and scientific importance, and description of the viral structure and genetic diversity. It explores the virus's pathogenesis, including cell tropism, viral entry, replication, stages of infection and epidemiology. It reviews the porcine innate and adaptative immune responses to comprehend the modulation mechanisms employed by PRRS for immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorian Fiers
- Unit Viral Re-Emerging, Enzootic and Bee Diseases, Department Infectious Diseases in Animals, Sciensano, Groeselenbergstraat 99, 1180 Ukkel, Belgium
- Unit of Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
| | - Ann Brigitte Cay
- Unit Viral Re-Emerging, Enzootic and Bee Diseases, Department Infectious Diseases in Animals, Sciensano, Groeselenbergstraat 99, 1180 Ukkel, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Maes
- Unit of Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
| | - Marylène Tignon
- Unit Viral Re-Emerging, Enzootic and Bee Diseases, Department Infectious Diseases in Animals, Sciensano, Groeselenbergstraat 99, 1180 Ukkel, Belgium
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2
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Zhao Y, Wang R, Li W, Ren G, Zhang Y, Guo R, Zhang X, Zhang J, Li J, Yu C, Hu R, Zhang R, Yang Z, Zeshan B, Zhou Y, Wang X. Lineage 1 PRRSVs infection induces hemorrhagic injury in intestines of piglets: Effects on complement and coagulation cascades. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106682. [PMID: 38750776 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes a highly transmissible disease of significant concern in the pig industry. Previous studies have demonstrated that the XM-2020 strain (a lineage 1.8 PRRSV IA/2012/NADC30) can induce special hemorrhagic injury in the small intestines. However, the specific mechanism underlying this injurious effect remains incompletely understood. In this study, we examined the pathogenic properties of XM-2020 and YC-2020 strains (a lineage 1.5 PRRSV IA/2014/NADC34) in piglets. Animal pathogenic tests revealed that with either Lineage 1 PRRSVs strains XM-2020 or YC-2020 demonstrated pronounced intestinal hemorrhage and suppression of peripheral immunological organs, comparing to JXA1 infection. Transcriptome analysis of diseased small intestines unveiled that PRRSV infection stimulated oxidative and inflammatory reactions. Remarkably, we also observed activation of the complement system alongside a notable down-regulation of complement and coagulation cascade pathways in the Lineage 1 PRRSVs infection group. Based on these findings, we propose that the primary mechanism driving the hemorrhagic injury of the small intestine caused by Lineage 1 PRRSVs is the suppression of complement and coagulation cascades resulting from immunosuppression. This discovery deepens our understanding of the pathogenicity of PRRSV in the small intestine and provides promising ways out for the development of innovative strategies aimed at controlling PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ruiqing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Guofan Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yining Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ruhai Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jingnan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Junda Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chenfei Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ruochen Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Riteng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Basit Zeshan
- Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, University Malaysia Sabah, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Yefei Zhou
- Department of Life Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 211171, China.
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Chang K, Fan K, Zhang H, Wu Q, Zhang Y, Wang L, Chen H, Tong J, Cui D. Fuzhengjiedu San inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0283728. [PMID: 38709810 PMCID: PMC11073700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been garnering ever-increasing worldwide attention as the herbal extracts and formulas prove to have potency against disease. Fuzhengjiedu San (FZJDS), has been extensively used to treat viral diseases in pigs, but its bioactive components and therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS In this study, we conducted an integrative approach of network pharmacology and experimental study to elucidate the mechanisms underlying FZJDS's action in treating porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). We constructed PPI network and screened the core targets according to their degree of value. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were also carried out to identify relevant pathways. Lastly, qRT-PCR, flow cytometry and western blotting were used to determine the effects of FZJDS on core gene expression in PRRSV-infected monkey kidney (MARC-145) cells to further expand the results of network pharmacological analysis. RESULTS Network pharmacology data revealed that quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin were the main active compounds of FZJDS. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway was deemed the cellular target as it has been shown to participate most in PRRSV replication and other PRRSV-related functions. Analysis by qRT-PCR and western blotting demonstrated that FZJDS significantly reduced the expression of P65, JNK, TLR4, N protein, Bax and IĸBa in MARC-145 cells, and increased the expression of Bcl-2, consistent with network pharmacology results. This study provides that FZJDS has significant antiviral activity through its effects on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION We conclude that FZJDS is a promising candidate herbal formulation for treating PRRSV and deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kuangshi Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
| | - Le Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongcen Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jinjin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
| | - Defeng Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
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Andrani M, Ferrari L, Borghetti P, Cavalli V, De Angelis E, Ravanetti F, Dall'Olio E, Martelli P, Saleri R. Short-chain fatty acids modulate the IPEC-J2 cell response to pathogenic E. coli LPS-activated PBMC. Res Vet Sci 2024; 171:105231. [PMID: 38513460 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal disorders can affect pigs of any age, especially when animals are young and more susceptible to infections and environmental stressors. For instance, pathogenic E. coli can alter intestinal functions, thus leading to altered nutrient adsorption by interacting with local cells through lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Among several compounds studied to counteract the negative effects on the intestine, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were demonstrated to exert beneficial effects on gut epithelial cells and resident immune cells. In this study, acetate and propionate were tested for their beneficial effects in a co-culture model of IPEC-J2 and porcine PBMC pre-stimulated with LPS from E. coli 0111:B4 aimed at mimicking the interaction between intestinal cells and immune cells in an inflammatory/activated status. IPEC-J2 viability was partially reduced when co-cultured with activated PBMC and nitric oxide concentration increased. IPEC-J2 up-regulated innate and inflammatory markers, namely BD-1, TLR-4, IL-8, TNF-α, NF-κB, and TGF-β. Acetate and propionate positively modulated the inflammatory condition by sustaining cell viability, reducing the oxidative stress, and down-regulating the expression of inflammatory mediators. TNF-α expression and secretion showed an opposite effect in IPEC-J2 depending on the extent of LPS stimulation of PBMC and TGF-β modulation. Therefore, SCFA proved to mediate a differential effect depending on the degree and duration of inflammation. The expression of the tight junction proteins (TJp) claudin-4 and zonula occludens-1 was up-regulated by LPS while SCFA influenced TJp with a different kinetics depending on PBMC stimulation. The co-culture model of IPEC-J2 and LPS-activated PBMC proved to be feasible to address the modulation of markers related to anti-bacterial immunity and inflammation, and intestinal epithelial barrier integrity, which are involved in the in vivo responsiveness and plasticity to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Andrani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Luca Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Paolo Borghetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Elena De Angelis
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Francesca Ravanetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Dall'Olio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Paolo Martelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Roberta Saleri
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
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Zhang Y, Xu L, Tao Q, Liu Z, Wen J, Xu T, Lai S, Ai Y, Xu Z, Zhu L. The immunity protection of intestine induced by pseudorabies virus del gI/gE/TK in piglets. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1295524. [PMID: 38249453 PMCID: PMC10796999 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1295524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Compared to the classical strain of Pseudorabies virus (PRV), the PRV variant exhibits stronger transmissibility and pathogenicity, causing immense disasters for the global pig industry. Based on this variant, our laboratory has preliminarily constructed a modified pseudorabies virus with deletions in the gE/gI/TK genes. In this study, the protective efficacy of PRV XJ del gI/gE/TK against piglet intestinal damage was evaluated. The results demonstrated that piglets immunized with PRV XJ del gI/gE/TK exhibited alleviated intestinal damage caused by the PRV XJ variant strain. This included reduced viral load, suppressed inflammation, and maintenance of intestinal structure and function. Additionally, PRV XJ del gI/gE/TK also strongly activated the innate immune response in the intestines, increasing the expression of antiviral factor mRNA and the secretion of SIgA to counteract the attack of the PRV XJ variant strain. Our study indicates that PRV XJ del gI/gE/TK can inhibit intestinal damage caused by PRV XJ variant strain and activate the innate immune response in the intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheyan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianhua Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanru Ai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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6
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López-Lorenzo G, Prieto A, Díaz-Cao JM, López-Novo C, García-Dios D, López C, Panadero R, Iglesias A, Díez-Baños P, Fernández G. Evaluation of the efficacy of two postweaning colibacillosis vaccines in a field herd with PRRS circulation during postweaning stage. Vet Microbiol 2023; 285:109870. [PMID: 37708615 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) and PRRS are two major concerns in swine production, which association has not been consistently explored. In the current scenario of restrictions in the use of antibiotics and ZnO, vaccination is more relevant to control PWD, but PRRS virus circulation may compromise the immune protection conferred by postweaning colibacillosis vaccines. We evaluated the efficacy of two postweaning colibacillosis vaccines (parenteral and oral) in a commercial herd affected by an outbreak of PWD and with PRRS circulation in postweaning. Five groups were studied during the postweaning period: one control (Group 1) and four vaccinated: two with each postweaning colibacillosis vaccine administered alone (Groups 2 and 3) or with sow vaccination against PRRS (Groups 4 and 5). We evaluated the effects on piglet weight, average daily weight gain and in the percentage of piglets with diarrhea, its duration, lethality and mortality. PRRS viremia and anti-PRRS antibodies were evaluated by qPCR and ELISA. Regarding control group, colibacillosis vaccination generally improved most of the measured parameters; but significant improvements were only observed in Groups 4 and 5 (p < 0.05). Moreover, cases of diarrhea occurred at different ages: in Groups 2 and 3 the peak of cases occurred just after ZnO was removed from the feed compared to Group 1, while in Groups 4 and 5 no peak was observed. This suggests that postweaning colibacillosis vaccination may be compromised by the PRRS circulation. In PRRS endemic herds an effective protection against PWD through vaccination may require PRRS vaccination to obtain a better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo López-Lorenzo
- Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
| | - Alberto Prieto
- Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
| | - José Manuel Díaz-Cao
- Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain.
| | - Cynthia López-Novo
- Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
| | - David García-Dios
- Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
| | - Ceferino López
- Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
| | - Rosario Panadero
- Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
| | - Antonio Iglesias
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, IBADER., Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
| | - Pablo Díez-Baños
- Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Fernández
- Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
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7
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McKenna ZJ, Bellovary BN, Ducharme JB, Deyhle MR, Wells AD, Fennel ZJ, Specht JW, Houck JM, Mayschak TJ, Mermier CM. Circulating markers of intestinal barrier injury and inflammation following exertion in hypobaric hypoxia. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:2002-2010. [PMID: 37051668 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2203107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia induced intestinal barrier injury, microbial translocation, and local/systemic inflammation may contribute to high-altitude associated gastrointestinal complications or symptoms of acute mountain sickness (AMS). Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that six-hours of hypobaric hypoxia increases circulating markers of intestinal barrier injury and inflammation. A secondary aim was to determine if the changes in these markers were different between those with and without AMS. Thirteen participants were exposed to six hours of hypobaric hypoxia, simulating an altitude of 4572 m. Participants completed two 30-minute bouts of exercise during the early hours of hypoxic exposure to mimic typical activity required by those at high altitude. Pre- and post-exposure blood samples were assessed for circulating markers of intestinal barrier injury and inflammation. Data below are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median [interquartile range]. Intestinal fatty acid binding protein (Δ251 [103-410] pg•mL-1; p = 0.002, d = 0.32), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (Δ2 ± 2.4 μg•mL-1; p = 0.011; d = 0.48), tumor necrosis factor-α (Δ10.2 [3-42.2] pg•mL-1; p = 0.005; d = 0.25), interleukin-1β (Δ1.5 [0-6.7] pg•mL-1 p = 0.042; d = 0.18), and interleukin-1 receptor agonist (Δ3.4 [0.4-5.2] pg•mL-1p = 0.002; d = 0.23) increased from pre- to post-hypoxia. Six of the 13 participants developed AMS; however, the pre- to post-hypoxia changes for each marker were not different between those with and without AMS (p > 0.05 for all indices). These data provide evidence that high altitude exposures can lead to intestinal barrier injury, which may be an important consideration for mountaineers, military personnel, wildland firefighters, and athletes who travel to high altitudes to perform physical work or exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J McKenna
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Bryanne N Bellovary
- Kinesiology Departments, State University of New York at Cortland, Cortland, New York
| | - Jeremy B Ducharme
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Michael R Deyhle
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Andrew D Wells
- Department of Health & Exercise, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Zachary J Fennel
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jonathan W Specht
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Trevor J Mayschak
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Christine M Mermier
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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8
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Guo H, Gaowa W, Zhao H, Liu C, Hou L, Wen Y, Wang F. Glycosylated protein 4-deficient PRRSV in complementing cell line shows low virus titer. Res Vet Sci 2023; 158:84-95. [PMID: 36958176 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) threats the swine industry seriously. The spread of live vaccine virus leads to the emergence of recombinant virus, which brings biosafety problems. The replication-deficient virus as a vaccine candidate would avoid this problem. In the present study, the recombinant lentiviral plasmid pLV-EF1α-EGFP-2A-ORF4 was co-transfected with lentivirus in HEK293FT cells. The transfection mixture was harvested and transduced into Marc-145 to screen a cell line stably expressing the PRRSV ORF4 with puromycin. The cell line Marc-145-GP4 was confirmed with PCR, RT-PCR, IFA, and Western blotting using a monoclonal antibody against Glycoprotein 4 (GP4) of PRRSV. To obtain a replication-deficient PRRSV, Western blotting the recombinant plasmid pNM09-ΔORF4 was constructed by Overlap PCR and DNA recombinant technology with the pNM09 as a backbone plasmid. The pNM09-ΔORF4 was transfected into Marc-145-GP4 with electroporation after transcription in vitro. The replication-deficient virus was rescued on Marc-145-GP4 cells with trans-complementation of ORF4 gene and verified by RT-PCR and IFA. The results indicated that a cell line Marc-145-GP4 stably expressed PRRSV ORF4 was obtained. The recombinant GP4 was successfully expressed and obtained a monoclonal antibody Anti-A-GP4-70, which can specifically react with the virus. Finally, the replication-deficient virus rNM09-ΔORF4 can be rescued with low titer and could only reproduce on the Marc-145-GP4 cells. Unfortunately, the rNM09-ΔORF4 showed too low virus replication titer to determine it. This study lays the foundation for the rapid detection of PRRS and the functional study of GP4 and provides experience for replication-deficient PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Clinical diagnosis and treatment of Animal Diseases, Department of Agriculture and villages, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Wudong Gaowa
- Key Laboratory of Clinical diagnosis and treatment of Animal Diseases, Department of Agriculture and villages, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Hongzhe Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical diagnosis and treatment of Animal Diseases, Department of Agriculture and villages, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical diagnosis and treatment of Animal Diseases, Department of Agriculture and villages, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lina Hou
- Key Laboratory of Clinical diagnosis and treatment of Animal Diseases, Department of Agriculture and villages, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yongjun Wen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical diagnosis and treatment of Animal Diseases, Department of Agriculture and villages, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
| | - Fengxue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical diagnosis and treatment of Animal Diseases, Department of Agriculture and villages, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
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9
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Tannic Acid Induces Intestinal Dysfunction and Intestinal Microbial Dysregulation in Brandt's Voles ( Lasiopodomys brandtii). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040586. [PMID: 36830373 PMCID: PMC9951651 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Brandt's vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii) is a small herbivorous mammal that feeds on plants rich in secondary metabolites (PSMs), including tannins. However, plant defense mechanisms against herbivory by Brandt's voles are not clearly established. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary tannic acid (TA) on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activities, cecal fermentation, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota in Brandt's voles. The results showed that TA significantly hindered body weight gain, reduced daily food intake, changed the intestinal morphology, reduced digestive enzyme activity, and increased the serum zonulin levels (p < 0.05). The number of intestinal goblet and mast cells and the levels of serum cytokines and immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, TNF-α, IL-6, and duodenal SlgA) were all reduced by TA (p < 0.05). Moreover, TA altered β-diversity in the colonic microbial community (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the results indicate that TA could damage the intestinal function of Brandt's voles by altering their intestinal morphology, decreasing digestive ability and intestinal barrier function, and altering microbiota composition. Our study investigated the effects of natural PSMs on the intestinal function of wildlife and improved our general understanding of plant-herbivore interactions and the ecological role of PSMs.
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McKenna ZJ, Ducharme JB, Berkemeier QN, Specht JW, Fennel ZJ, Gillum TL, Deyhle MR, Amorim FT, Mermier CM. Ibuprofen Increases Markers of Intestinal Barrier Injury But Suppresses Inflammation at Rest and After Exercise in Hypoxia. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:141-150. [PMID: 36069803 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute ibuprofen consumption (2 × 600-mg doses) on markers of enterocyte injury, intestinal barrier dysfunction, inflammation, and symptoms of gastrointestinal (GI) distress at rest and after exercise in hypobaric hypoxia. METHODS Using a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design, nine men (age, 28 ± 3 yr; weight, 75.4 ± 10.5 kg; height, 175 ± 7 cm; body fat, 12.9% ± 5%; V̇O 2 peak at 440 torr, 3.11 ± 0.65 L·min -1 ) completed a total of three visits including baseline testing and two experimental trials (placebo and ibuprofen) in a hypobaric chamber simulating an altitude of 4300 m. Preexercise and postexercise blood samples were assayed for intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), ileal bile acid binding protein, soluble cluster of differentiation 14, lipopolysaccharide binding protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β, and interleukin-10. Intestinal permeability was assessed using a dual sugar absorption test (urine lactulose-to-rhamnose ratio). RESULTS Resting I-FABP (906 ± 395 vs 1168 ± 581 pg·mL -1 ; P = 0.008) and soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (1512 ± 297 vs 1642 ± 313 ng·mL -1 ; P = 0.014) were elevated in the ibuprofen trial. Likewise, the urine lactulose-to-rhamnose ratio (0.217 vs 0.295; P = 0.047) and the preexercise to postexercise change in I-FABP (277 ± 308 vs 498 ± 479 pg·mL -1 ; P = 0.021) were greater in the ibuprofen trial. Participants also reported greater upper GI symptoms in the ibuprofen trial ( P = 0.031). However, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ( P = 0.007) and TNF-α ( P = 0.047) were lower throughout the ibuprofen trial compared with placebo (main effect of condition). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that acute ibuprofen ingestion aggravates markers of enterocyte injury and intestinal barrier dysfunction at rest and after exercise in hypoxia. However, ibuprofen seems to suppress circulating markers of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J McKenna
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Jeremy B Ducharme
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Quint N Berkemeier
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Jonathan W Specht
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Zachary J Fennel
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Trevor L Gillum
- Department of Kinesiology, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA
| | - Michael R Deyhle
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Fabiano T Amorim
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Christine M Mermier
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
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11
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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhou J, Wang X, Ma L, Li J, Yang L, Yuan H, Pang D, Ouyang H. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus: An Updated Overview of Virus Epidemiology, Virulence Variation Patterns and Virus-Host Interactions. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112434. [PMID: 36366532 PMCID: PMC9695474 DOI: 10.3390/v14112434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a member of the coronavirus family, causing deadly watery diarrhea in newborn piglets. The global pandemic of PEDV, with significant morbidity and mortality, poses a huge threat to the swine industry. The currently developed vaccines and drugs are only effective against the classic GI strains that were prevalent before 2010, while there is no effective control against the GII variant strains that are currently a global pandemic. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in the biology of PEDV, including its transmission and origin, structure and function, evolution, and virus-host interaction, in an attempt to find the potential virulence factors influencing PEDV pathogenesis. We conclude with the mechanism by which PEDV components antagonize the immune responses of the virus, and the role of host factors in virus infection. Essentially, this review serves as a valuable reference for the development of attenuated virus vaccines and the potential of host factors as antiviral targets for the prevention and control of PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yiwu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lerong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hongming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Daxin Pang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Chongqing Jitang Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401120, China
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (H.O.); Tel.: +86-431-8783-6175 (H.O.)
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Chongqing Jitang Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401120, China
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (H.O.); Tel.: +86-431-8783-6175 (H.O.)
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12
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Wan S, Sun N, Li H, Khan A, Zheng X, Sun Y, Fan R. Deoxynivalenol damages the intestinal barrier and biota of the broiler chickens. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:311. [PMID: 35965338 PMCID: PMC9377127 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the livestock feed industry, feed and feed raw materials are extremely susceptible to mycotoxin contamination. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the main risk factors for mycotoxin contamination in broiler feed and feedstuff, however, there is still little knowledge about this. Hence, the purpose of this study was to explore the toxicity effect of DON on the intestinal barrier and the microecological balance of the biota in broiler chickens. Results In our present study, we compared the pathological scores of the small intestines of broilers on the 5th, 7th, and 10th day, and chose the 7th day to analyze the small intestine histomorphology, tight junctions, and cecal biota of the broilers. The results showed the damage to the small intestine worsened over time, the small intestinal villi of broilers were breakage, the tight junctions of the small intestine were destroyed, the cecal biota was unbalanced, and the growth performance of broilers was reduced on the 7th day. Conclusions DON could damage the functional and structural completeness of the intestinal tract, disorder the Intestinal biota, and finally lead to declined broiler performance. Our study provided a basis for the prevention and treatment of DON in broiler production. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03392-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxiu Wan
- Shanxi Key Lab. for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.,College of Pharmacy, Heze University, Heze, Shangdong, 274000, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Sun
- Shanxi Key Lab. for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongquan Li
- Shanxi Key Lab. for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Ajab Khan
- Shanxi Key Lab. for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaozhong Zheng
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Yaogui Sun
- Shanxi Key Lab. for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruiwen Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Takenouchi T, Masujin K, Miyazaki A, Suzuki S, Takagi M, Kokuho T, Uenishi H. Isolation and immortalization of macrophages derived from fetal porcine small intestine and their susceptibility to porcine viral pathogen infections. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:919077. [PMID: 35923820 PMCID: PMC9339801 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.919077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of cells that are present in all vertebrate tissues. They play a key role in the innate immune system, and thus, in vitro cultures of macrophages provide a valuable model for exploring their tissue-specific functions and interactions with pathogens. Porcine macrophage cultures are often used for the identification and characterization of porcine viral pathogens. Recently, we have developed a simple and efficient method for isolating primary macrophages from the kidneys and livers of swine. Here, we applied this protocol to fetal porcine intestinal tissues and demonstrated that porcine intestinal macrophages (PIM) can be isolated from mixed primary cultures of porcine small intestine-derived cells. Since the proliferative capacity of primary PIM is limited, we attempted to immortalize them by transferring the SV40 large T antigen and porcine telomerase reverse transcriptase genes using lentiviral vectors. Consequently, immortalized PIM (IPIM) were successfully generated and confirmed to retain various features of primary PIM. We further revealed that IPIM are susceptible to infection by the African swine fever virus and the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and support their replication. These findings suggest that the IPIM cell line is a useful tool for developing in vitro models that mimic the intestinal mucosal microenvironments of swine, and for studying the interactions between porcine pathogens and host immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takato Takenouchi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takato Takenouchi
| | - Kentaro Masujin
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kodaira, Japan
- Kentaro Masujin
| | - Ayako Miyazaki
- Division of Infectious Animal Disease Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
- Ayako Miyazaki
| | - Shunichi Suzuki
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Michihiro Takagi
- Division of Infectious Animal Disease Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kokuho
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Hirohide Uenishi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
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14
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He J, Zhang Y, Hu Z, Zhang L, Shao G, Xie Z, Nie Y, Li W, Li Y, Chen L, Huang B, Chu F, Feng K, Lin W, Li H, Chen W, Zhang X, Xie Q. Recombinant Muscovy Duck Parvovirus Led to Ileac Damage in Muscovy Ducklings. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071471. [PMID: 35891451 PMCID: PMC9315717 DOI: 10.3390/v14071471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Waterfowl parvovirus (WPFs) has multiple effects on the intestinal tract, but the effects of recombinant Muscovy duck parvovirus (rMDPV) have not been elucidated. In this study, 48 one-day-old Muscovy ducklings were divided into an infected group and a control group. Plasma and ileal samples were collected from both groups at 2, 4, 6, and 8 days post-infection (dpi), both six ducklings at a time. Next, we analyzed the genomic sequence of the rMDPV strain. Results showed that the ileal villus structure was destroyed seriously at 4, 6, 8 dpi, and the expression of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 decreased at 4, 6 dpi; 4, 6, 8 dpi; and 2, 6 dpi, respectively. Intestinal cytokines IFN-α, IL-1β and IL-6 increased at 6 dpi; 8 dpi; and 6, 8 dpi, respectively, whereas IL-2 decreased at 6, 8 dpi. The diversity of ileal flora increased significantly at 4 dpi and decreased at 8 dpi. The bacteria Ochrobactrum and Enterococcus increased and decreased at 4, 8 dpi; 2, 4 dpi, respectively. Plasma MDA increased at 2 dpi, SOD, CAT, and T-AOC decreased at 2, 4, 8 dpi; 4, 8 dpi; and 4, 6, 8 dpi, respectively. These results suggest that rMDPV infection led to early intestinal barrier dysfunction, inflammation, ileac microbiota disruption, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui He
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zezhong Hu
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Luxuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Guanming Shao
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zi Xie
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu Nie
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenxue Li
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Liyi Chen
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Benli Huang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fengsheng Chu
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keyu Feng
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wencheng Lin
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxin Li
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Q.X.)
| | - Qingmei Xie
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Q.X.)
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15
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Li W, Sun Y, Zhao S, Cui Z, Chen Y, Xu P, Chen J, Zhang Y, Xia P. Differences in Humoral Immune Response against the Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus via Different Immune Pathways. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071435. [PMID: 35891415 PMCID: PMC9316826 DOI: 10.3390/v14071435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The intramuscular vaccine is the principal strategy to protect pigs from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), However, it is still difficult to control PRRSV effectively. This study infected piglets with PRRSV through intramuscular and intranasal inoculation. Subsequently, viral loads, anti-PRRSV antibody levels, and neutralizing antibodies (NAs) titers in both serum and saliva were monitored for 43 days. Meanwhile, tissues were obtained through necropsy at 43 days post-inoculation (dpi) to detect viral loads. The results indicated that viremia lasted from 3 to 31 dpi in both the inoculation groups, but the viruses survived in the lungs and lymph nodes after viremia clearance. The antibody response was detected from 11 dpi, but the response of NAs was delayed until 3–4 weeks. Furthermore, intranasal inoculation induced lower viral load levels than injection inoculation. In addition, positive SIgA and NAs levels were produced early, with higher levels through intranasal inoculation. Therefore, our data indicated that a more robust antibody response and lower virus loads could be induced by intranasal inoculation, and mucosal inoculation could be a suitable pathway for PRRSV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (Y.C.); (P.X.); (P.X.)
| | - Yangyang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (Y.C.); (P.X.); (P.X.)
| | - Shijie Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (Y.C.); (P.X.); (P.X.)
| | - Zhiying Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (Y.C.); (P.X.); (P.X.)
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (Y.C.); (P.X.); (P.X.)
| | - Pengli Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (Y.C.); (P.X.); (P.X.)
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yina Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (Y.C.); (P.X.); (P.X.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Pingan Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (W.L.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (Y.C.); (P.X.); (P.X.)
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Rukarcheep D, Lothong M, Wattanaphansak S, Deachapunya C, Poonyachoti S. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus induces tight junction barrier dysfunction and cell death in porcine glandular endometrial epithelial cells. Theriogenology 2022; 185:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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