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González-Castro A, Huertas Martín C, Cuenca Fito E, Peñasco Y, Gonzalez C, Rodríguez Borregán JC. Duration of the first prone positioning maneuver and its association with 90-day mortality in patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19: A retrospective study of time terciles. Med Intensiva 2024; 48:457-466. [PMID: 38688818 DOI: 10.1016/j.medine.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the duration of the first prone positioning maneuver (PPM) and 90-day mortality in patients with C-ARDS. DESIGN Retrospective, observational, and analytical study. SETTING COVID-19 ICU of a tertiary hospital. PATIENTS Adults over 18 years old, with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 disease requiring PPM. INTERVENTIONS Multivariable analysis of 90-day survival. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST Duration of the first PPM, number of PPM sessions, 90-day mortality. RESULTS 271 patients undergoing PPM were analyzed: first tertile (n = 111), second tertile (n = 95) and third tertile (n = 65). The results indicated that the median duration of PDP was 14 h (95% CI: 10-16 h) in the first tertile, 19 h (95% CI: 18-20 h) in the second tertile and 22 h (95% CI: 21-24 h) in the third tertile. Comparison of survival curves using the Logrank test did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.11). Cox Regression analysis showed an association between the number of pronation sessions (patients receiving between 2 and 5 sessions (HR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.07-4.49); and those receiving more than 5 sessions (HR = 6.05; 95% CI: 2.78-13.16) and 90-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS while the duration of PDP does not appear to significantly influence 90-day mortality, the number of pronation sessions is identified as a significant factor associated with an increased risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro González-Castro
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain; Grupo Internacional de Ventilación Mecánica, WeVent
| | - Carmen Huertas Martín
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Elena Cuenca Fito
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Yhivian Peñasco
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Camilo Gonzalez
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
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Goyal K, Shah D, Day SW. Day-to-Day Variability in Measurements of Respiration Using Bioimpedance from a Non-Standard Location. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4612. [PMID: 39066010 PMCID: PMC11280867 DOI: 10.3390/s24144612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Non-invasive monitoring of pulmonary health may be useful for tracking several conditions such as COVID-19 recovery and the progression of pulmonary edema. Some proposed methods use impedance-based technologies to non-invasively measure the thorax impedance as a function of respiration but face challenges that limit the feasibility, accuracy, and practicality of tracking daily changes. In our prior work, we demonstrated a novel approach to monitor respiration by measuring changes in impedance from the back of the thigh. We reported the concept of using thigh-thigh bioimpedance measurements for measuring the respiration rate and demonstrated a linear relationship between the thigh-thigh bioimpedance and lung tidal volume. Here, we investigate the variability in thigh-thigh impedance measurements to further understand the feasibility of the technique for detecting a change in the respiratory status due to disease onset or recovery if used for long-term in-home monitoring. Multiple within-session and day-to-day impedance measurements were collected at 80 kHz using dry electrodes (thigh) and wet electrodes (thorax) across the five healthy subjects, along with simultaneous gold standard spirometer measurements for three consecutive days. The peak-peak bioimpedance measurements were found to be highly correlated (0.94 ± 0.03 for dry electrodes across thigh; 0.92 ± 0.07 for wet electrodes across thorax) with the peak-peak spirometer tidal volume. The data across five subjects indicate that the day-to-day variability in the relationship between impedance and volume for thigh-thigh measurements is smaller (average of 14%) than for the thorax (40%). However, it is affected by food and water and might limit the accuracy of the respiratory tidal volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krittika Goyal
- Department of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA; (K.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Dishant Shah
- Department of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA; (K.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Steven W. Day
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
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3
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Kaseje N, Oruenjo K, Kaseje D, Ranganathan M, Tanner M, Haines A. The effectiveness of community health worker training, equipping, and deployment in reducing COVID-19 infections and deaths in rural Western Kenya: A comparison of two counties. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003036. [PMID: 38527065 PMCID: PMC10962846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 and other pandemics remain significant threats to population health, particularly in rural settings where health systems are disproportionately weak. There is a lack of evidence on whether trained, equipped, and deployed community health workers (CHWs) can lead to significant reductions in COVID-19 infections and deaths. Our objective was to measure the effectiveness of deploying trained and equipped CHWs in reducing COVID-19 infections and deaths by comparing outcomes in two counties in rural Western Kenya, a setting with limited critical care capacity and limited access to COVID-19 vaccines and oral COVID-19 antivirals. In Siaya, trained CHWs equipped with thermometers, pulse oximeters, and KN95 masks, visited households to convey health information about COVID-19 prevention. They screened, isolated, and referred COVID-19 cases to facilities with oxygen capacity. They measured and digitally recorded vital signs at the household level. In Kisii county, the standard Kenya national COVID-19 protocol was implemented. We performed a comparative analysis of differences in CHW skills, activity, and COVID-19 infections and deaths using district health information system (DHIS2) data. Trained Siaya CHWs were more skilled in using pulse oximeters and digitally reporting vital signs at the household level. The mean number of oxygen saturation measurements conducted in Siaya was 24.19 per COVID-19 infection; and the mean number of temperature measurements per COVID-19 infection was 17.08. Siaya CHWs conducted significantly more household visits than Kisii CHWs (the mean monthly CHW household visits in Siaya was 146,648.5, standard deviation 11,066.5 versus 42,644.5 in Kisii, standard deviation 899.5, p value = 0.01). Deploying trained and equipped CHWs in rural Western Kenya was associated with lower risk ratios for COVID-19 infections and deaths: 0.54, 95% CI [0.48-0.61] and 0.29, CI [0.13-0.65], respectively, consistent with a beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema Kaseje
- Surgical Systems Research Group, Kisumu, Kenya
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dan Kaseje
- Tropical Institute of Community Health, Kisumu, Kenya
| | | | - Marcel Tanner
- Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andy Haines
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Kang DH, Kim GHJ, Park SB, Lee SI, Koh JS, Brown MS, Abtin F, McNitt-Gray MF, Goldin JG, Lee JS. Quantitative Computed Tomography Lung COVID Scores with Laboratory Markers: Utilization to Predict Rapid Progression and Monitor Longitudinal Changes in Patients with Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia. Biomedicines 2024; 12:120. [PMID: 38255225 PMCID: PMC10813449 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is an ongoing issue in certain populations, presenting rapidly worsening pneumonia and persistent symptoms. This study aimed to test the predictability of rapid progression using radiographic scores and laboratory markers and present longitudinal changes. This retrospective study included 218 COVID-19 pneumonia patients admitted at the Chungnam National University Hospital. Rapid progression was defined as respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation within one week of hospitalization. Quantitative COVID (QCOVID) scores were derived from high-resolution computed tomography (CT) analyses: (1) ground glass opacity (QGGO), (2) mixed diseases (QMD), and (3) consolidation (QCON), and the sum, quantitative total lung diseases (QTLD). Laboratory data, including inflammatory markers, were obtained from electronic medical records. Rapid progression was observed in 9.6% of patients. All QCOVID scores predicted rapid progression, with QMD showing the best predictability (AUC = 0.813). In multivariate analyses, the QMD score and interleukin(IL)-6 level were important predictors for rapid progression (AUC = 0.864). With >2 months follow-up CT, remained lung lesions were observed in 21 subjects, even after several weeks of negative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test. AI-driven quantitative CT scores in conjugation with laboratory markers can be useful in predicting the rapid progression and monitoring of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hyun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; (D.H.K.); (S.-I.L.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Grace Hyun J. Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; (M.S.B.); (F.A.); (M.F.M.-G.)
| | - Sa-Beom Park
- Center of Biohealth Convergence and Open Sharing System, Hongik University, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea;
| | - Song-I Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; (D.H.K.); (S.-I.L.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Jeong Suk Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; (D.H.K.); (S.-I.L.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Matthew S. Brown
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; (M.S.B.); (F.A.); (M.F.M.-G.)
| | - Fereidoun Abtin
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; (M.S.B.); (F.A.); (M.F.M.-G.)
| | - Michael F. McNitt-Gray
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; (M.S.B.); (F.A.); (M.F.M.-G.)
| | - Jonathan G. Goldin
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; (M.S.B.); (F.A.); (M.F.M.-G.)
| | - Jeong Seok Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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5
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Chiappero C, Mattei A, Guidelli L, Millotti S, Ceccherini E, Oczkowski S, Scala R. Prone positioning during CPAP therapy in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: a concise clinical review. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2024; 18:17534666231219630. [PMID: 38159215 PMCID: PMC10757797 DOI: 10.1177/17534666231219630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure (ARF) due to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia threatened to overwhelm intensive care units. To reduce the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), clinicians tried noninvasive strategies to manage ARF, including the use of awake prone positioning (PP) with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). In this article, we review the patho-physiologic rationale, clinical effectiveness and practical issues of the use of PP during CPAP in non-intubated, spontaneously breathing patients affected by SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia with ARF. Use of PP during CPAP appears to be safe and feasible and may have a lower rate of adverse events compared to IMV. A better response to PP is observed among patients in early phases of acute respiratory distress syndrome. While PP during CPAP may improve oxygenation, the impact on the need for intubation and mortality remains unclear. It is possible to speculate on the role of PP during CPAP in terms of improvement of ventilation mechanics and reduction of strain stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Chiappero
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, Pneumology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino – Molinette hospital, c.so Bramante 88, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Alessio Mattei
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, Pneumology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino – Molinette hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Guidelli
- CardioThoraco-Neuro-Vascular Department, Pulmonology and RICU, S Donato Hospital USL Toscana Sudest, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Serena Millotti
- UOP RF Arezzo, Department of Healthcare technical professions, Rehabilitation and Prevention, USL Toscana Sudest, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Emiliano Ceccherini
- UOP RF Arezzo, Department of Healthcare technical professions, Rehabilitation and Prevention, USL Toscana Sudest, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Simon Oczkowski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Critical Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Raffaele Scala
- CardioThoraco-Neuro-Vascular Department, Pulmonology and RICU, S Donato Hospital USL Toscana Sudest, Arezzo, Italy
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Astatke M, Tiburzi O, Connolly A, Robinson ML. RNA Analysis Using Immunoassay Detection Format. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2822:175-186. [PMID: 38907919 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3918-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide probe tagging and reverse transcriptase polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) are the most widely used techniques currently used for detecting and analyzing RNA. RNA detection using labeled oligonucleotide probe-based approaches is suitable for point-of-care (POC) applications but lacks assay sensitivity, whereas RT-PCR requires complex instrumentation. As an alternative, immunoassay detection formats coupled with isothermal RNA amplification techniques have been proposed for handheld assay development. In this chapter, we describe a robust technique comprising of: (a) target RNA tagging with a complementary oligonucleotide probe labeled with a hapten moiety to form a DNA/RNA duplex hybrid; (b) complexing the DNA/RNA duplex with a pre-coated antibody (Ab) directed at the hapten moiety; (c) sandwich complex formation with an Ab that selectively recognizes the DNA/RNA structural motif; and (d) detection of the sandwich complex using a secondary Ab enzyme conjugate targeting the anti-DNA/RNA Ab followed by standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekbib Astatke
- Asymmetric Operations Sector, Applied Biological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA.
| | - Olivia Tiburzi
- Asymmetric Operations Sector, Applied Biological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | | | - Matthew L Robinson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ciarmiello A, Tutino F, Giovannini E, Milano A, Barattini M, Yosifov N, Calvi D, Setti M, Sivori M, Sani C, Bastreri A, Staffiere R, Stefanini T, Artioli S, Giovacchini G. Multivariable Risk Modelling and Survival Analysis with Machine Learning in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7164. [PMID: 38002776 PMCID: PMC10672177 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the performance of a machine learning model based on demographic variables, blood tests, pre-existing comorbidities, and computed tomography(CT)-based radiomic features to predict critical outcome in patients with acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 694 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. Clinical and demographic data were extracted from clinical records. Radiomic data were extracted from CT. Patients were randomized to the training (80%, n = 556) or test (20%, n = 138) dataset. The training set was used to define the association between severity of disease and comorbidities, laboratory tests, demographic, and CT-based radiomic variables, and to implement a risk-prediction model. The model was evaluated using the C statistic and Brier scores. The test set was used to assess model prediction performance. RESULTS Patients who died (n = 157) were predominantly male (66%) over the age of 50 with median (range) C-reactive protein (CRP) = 5 [1, 37] mg/dL, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) = 494 [141, 3631] U/I, and D-dimer = 6.006 [168, 152.015] ng/mL. Surviving patients (n = 537) had median (range) CRP = 3 [0, 27] mg/dL, LDH = 484 [78, 3.745] U/I, and D-dimer = 1.133 [96, 55.660] ng/mL. The strongest risk factors were D-dimer, age, and cardiovascular disease. The model implemented using the variables identified using the LASSO Cox regression analysis classified 90% of non-survivors as high-risk individuals in the testing dataset. In this sample, the estimated median survival in the high-risk group was 9 days (95% CI; 9-37), while the low-risk group did not reach the median survival of 50% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A machine learning model based on combined data available on the first days of hospitalization (demographics, CT-radiomics, comorbidities, and blood biomarkers), can identify SARS-CoV-2 patients at risk of serious illness and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ciarmiello
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Ospedale Civile Sant’Andrea, Via Vittorio Veneto 170, 19124 La Spezia, Italy; (F.T.); (E.G.); (N.Y.); (G.G.)
| | - Francesca Tutino
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Ospedale Civile Sant’Andrea, Via Vittorio Veneto 170, 19124 La Spezia, Italy; (F.T.); (E.G.); (N.Y.); (G.G.)
| | - Elisabetta Giovannini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Ospedale Civile Sant’Andrea, Via Vittorio Veneto 170, 19124 La Spezia, Italy; (F.T.); (E.G.); (N.Y.); (G.G.)
| | - Amalia Milano
- Oncology Unit, Ospedale Civile Sant’Andrea, 19124 La Spezia, Italy;
| | - Matteo Barattini
- Radiology Unit, Ospedale Civile Sant’Andrea, 19124 La Spezia, Italy; (M.B.); (T.S.)
| | - Nikola Yosifov
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Ospedale Civile Sant’Andrea, Via Vittorio Veneto 170, 19124 La Spezia, Italy; (F.T.); (E.G.); (N.Y.); (G.G.)
| | - Debora Calvi
- Infectius Diseases Unit, Ospedale Civile Sant’Andrea, 19124 La Spezia, Italy; (D.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Maurizo Setti
- Internal Medicine Unit, Ospedale San Bartolomeo, 19138 Sarzana, Italy;
| | | | - Cinzia Sani
- Intensive Care Unit, Ospedale Civile Sant’Andrea, 19124 La Spezia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Bastreri
- Emergency Department, Ospedale Civile Sant’Andrea, 19124 La Spezia, Italy;
| | | | - Teseo Stefanini
- Radiology Unit, Ospedale Civile Sant’Andrea, 19124 La Spezia, Italy; (M.B.); (T.S.)
| | - Stefania Artioli
- Infectius Diseases Unit, Ospedale Civile Sant’Andrea, 19124 La Spezia, Italy; (D.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Giampiero Giovacchini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Ospedale Civile Sant’Andrea, Via Vittorio Veneto 170, 19124 La Spezia, Italy; (F.T.); (E.G.); (N.Y.); (G.G.)
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Al Duhailib Z, Parhar KKS, Solverson K, Alhazzani W, Weatherald J. Awake prone position in patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure: A narrative review. Respir Med Res 2023; 84:101037. [PMID: 37625375 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2023.101037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Al Duhailib
- Critical Care Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ken Kuljit S Parhar
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada; O'Brien Institute for Public Health and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kevin Solverson
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Waleed Alhazzani
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Critical Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Critical Care, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jason Weatherald
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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Al-Salman J, Sanad Salem Alsabea A, Alkhawaja S, Al Balooshi AM, Alalawi M, Abdulkarim Ebrahim B, Hasan Zainaldeen J, Al Sayyad AS. Evaluation of an adjusted MEWS (Modified Early Warning Score) for COVID-19 patients to identify risk of ICU admission or death in the Kingdom of Bahrain. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1773-1777. [PMID: 37738693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While most COVID-19 cases have uncomplicated infection, a small proportion has the potential to develop life-threatening disease, as such development of a prediction tool using patients baseline characteristics at the time of diagnosis should aid in early identification of high-risk groups and devise pertinent management. Hence, we set up this retrospective study to determine preadmission triaging tool to predict the development of severe COVID-19 in the Kingdom of Bahrain MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted from 1 September 2020 to 30 November 2020 with enrolment of all SARS-CoV-2 PCR-confirmed persons aged ≥ 14 years who attended Al-Shamil Field Hospital (SFH) in the Kingdom of Bahrain for triaging and assessment with recording of the following parameters: systolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, the alert, verbal, pain, unresponsive neurological score, age, oxygen saturation, comorbidities, Body Mass Index (BMI), duration of symptoms and living with immunocompromised populations to develop our local adjusted MEWS as predictor for ICU admission & for consideration of suitable isolation at home. Follow up data of all patients was obtained from the electronic medical records system including CXR findings, treatments/medications received, need of oxygen supplements /intubation, needs of ICU care, and the outcome (death /discharged alive) IBM SPSS statistic version 21 program was used for data analysis. RESULTS Our study showed that using the locally developed adjusted MEWS score, there was an significant association between high value of this adjusted MEWS score and abnormal radiographic finding (49.7 % Vs. 17 % for patients with high score Vs. those with low score respectively). Out of the 181 patients with high scores on adjusted MEWS; 38.7 % required oxygen via nasal cannula, 14.4 % required face mask and 8.3 % non-rebreather mask; this proportion was significantly higher than their counterpart patients who score low on adjusted MEWS (20.9 %, 7.7 %, 4.8 %respectively) with statistically significance difference between the two groups (p value of 0.00, 0.00,.004 respectively) Requirement of ICU admission was significantly higher among patients with high score in comparison to those with low score (14.4 % vs. 3 %) with significant p value (0.00) But higher score value was not associated significantly with increase mortality rate among COVID patients. CONCLUSION Development of our new Adjusted MEWS score system by adding the additional elements of age, oxygen saturation, comorbidities, Body Mass Index (BMI) and duration of symptoms found to be very useful predictor tool for preadmission triaging of COVID patients based on their risk assessment to help clinician to decide on the appropriate placement to different level of isolation facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameela Al-Salman
- Senior Infectious Disease consultant King Hamad American medical Mission Salmaniya medical complex Associate professor of medicine, Arabian Gulf University.
| | | | - Safa Alkhawaja
- Senior Infectious Disease consultant Salmaniya medical complex
| | | | - Maryam Alalawi
- Internal Medicine chief resident - specialist, Internal medicine Department, Salmaniya medical complex
| | | | - Jenan Hasan Zainaldeen
- Pediatric resident, Pediatric department, Salmaniya medical complex, Wafa Fawzi Hassan Statistician, Infection Control Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex
| | - Adel Salman Al Sayyad
- ABFM, Msc, DLSHTM Consultant Family Medicine, Epidemiology & Public Health Chief of Disease Control Section, Ministry of health Associate Prof. of Family and community Medicine, AGU
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10
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Purvis P, Francis O. Prone position ventilation in non-intubated, spontaneously ventilating patients: New guidance from the Intensive Care Society (UK) and existing evidence. J Intensive Care Soc 2023; 24:20-21. [PMID: 37928087 PMCID: PMC10621498 DOI: 10.1177/1751143720930604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Purvis
- Acute Medical Unit, Victoria Hospital Kirkcaldy, UK
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11
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Naik R, Avula S, Palleti SK, Gummadi J, Ramachandran R, Chandramohan D, Dhillon G, Gill AS, Paiwal K, Shaik B, Balachandran M, Patel B, Gurugubelli S, Mariswamy Arun Kumar AK, Nanjundappa A, Bellamkonda M, Rathi K, Sakhamuri PL, Nassar M, Bali A. From Emergence to Endemicity: A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19. Cureus 2023; 15:e48046. [PMID: 37916248 PMCID: PMC10617653 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), later renamed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first identified in Wuhan, China, in early December 2019. Initially, the China office of the World Health Organization was informed of numerous cases of pneumonia of unidentified etiology in Wuhan, Hubei Province at the end of 2019. This would subsequently result in a global pandemic with millions of confirmed cases of COVID-19 and millions of deaths reported to the WHO. We have analyzed most of the data published since the beginning of the pandemic to compile this comprehensive review of SARS-CoV-2. We looked at the core ideas, such as the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnostics, histopathologic findings, consequences, therapies, and vaccines. We have also included the long-term effects and myths associated with some therapeutics of COVID-19. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of the SARS-CoV-2 virology, vaccines, medicines, and significant variants identified during the course of the pandemic. Our review article is intended to provide medical practitioners with a better understanding of the fundamental sciences, clinical treatment, and prevention of COVID-19. As of May 2023, this paper contains the most recent data made accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopa Naik
- Medicine, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, USA
- Internal Medicine/Hospital Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Wilkes Barre, USA
| | - Sreekant Avula
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Sujith K Palleti
- Nephrology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Jyotsna Gummadi
- Internal Medicine, MedStar Franklin Square Medical Center, Baltimore, USA
| | | | | | - Gagandeep Dhillon
- Physician Executive MBA, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
- Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore Washington Medical Center, Glen Burnie, USA
| | | | - Kapil Paiwal
- Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Daswani Dental College & Research Center, Kota, IND
| | - Bushra Shaik
- Internal Medicine, Onslow Memorial Hospital, Jacksonville, USA
| | | | - Bhumika Patel
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | | | | | | | - Mahita Bellamkonda
- Hospital Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Kanika Rathi
- Internal Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | | | - Mahmoud Nassar
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA
| | - Atul Bali
- Internal Medicine/Nephrology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, USA
- Internal Medicine/Nephrology, Geisinger Health System, Wilkes-Barre, USA
- Medicine, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, USA
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12
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Zahradka I, Petr V, Jakubov K, Modos I, Hruby F, Viklicky O. Early referring saved lives in kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19: a beneficial role of telemedicine. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1252822. [PMID: 37795416 PMCID: PMC10546052 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1252822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is a strong impetus for the use of telemedicine for boosting early detection rates and enabling early treatment and remote monitoring of COVID-19 cases, particularly in chronically ill patients such as kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). However, data regarding the effectiveness of this practice are lacking. Methods In this retrospective, observational study with prospective data gathering we analyzed the outcomes of all confirmed COVID-19 cases (n = 955) in KTRs followed at our center between March 1, 2020, and April 30, 2022. Risk factors of COVID-19 related mortality were analyzed with focus on the role of early referral to the transplant center, which enabled early initiation of treatment and remote outpatient management. This proactive approach was dependent on the establishment and use of a telemedicine system, which facilitated patient-physician communication and expedited diagnostics and treatment. The main exposure evaluated was early referral of KTRs to the transplantation center after confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection. The primary outcome was the association of early referral to the transplantation center with the risk of death within 30 days following a COVID-19 diagnosis, evaluated by logistic regression. Results We found that KTRs who referred their illness to the transplant center late had a higher 30-day mortality (4.5 vs. 13.6%, p < 0.001). Thirty days mortality after the diagnosis of COVID-19 was independently associated with late referral to the transplant center (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.08-3.98, p = 0.027), higher age (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.05-1.13, p < 0.001), higher body mass index (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.12, p = 0.03), and lower eGFR (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.98, p < 0.001) in multivariable logistic regression. Furthermore, KTRs who contacted the transplant center late were older, had longer time from transplantation, lived farther from the center and presented with higher Charlson comorbidity index. Discussion A well-organized telemedicine program can help to protect KTRs during an infectious disease outbreak by facilitating pro-active management and close surveillance. Furthermore, these results can be likely extrapolated to other vulnerable populations, such as patients with chronic kidney disease, diabetes or autoimmune diseases requiring the use of immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Zahradka
- Department of Nephrology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vojtech Petr
- Department of Nephrology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Katarina Jakubov
- Department of Nephrology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Istvan Modos
- Department of Information Technology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Filip Hruby
- Department of Information Technology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Viklicky
- Department of Nephrology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
- Transplant Laboratory, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
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13
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Udompongpaiboon P, Reangvilaikul T, Vattanavanit V. Predicting mortality among patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia based on admission vital sign indices: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:342. [PMID: 37700259 PMCID: PMC10496301 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02643-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia remains a major public health concern. Vital sign indices-shock index (SI; heart rate [HR]/systolic blood pressure [SBP]), shock index age (SIA, SI × age), MinPulse (MP; maximum HR-HR), Pulse max index (PMI; HR/maximum HR), and blood pressure-age index (BPAI; SBP/age)-are better predictors of mortality in patients with trauma compared to traditional vital signs. We hypothesized that these vital sign indices may serve as predictors of mortality in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. This study aimed to describe the association between vital sign indices at admission and COVID-19 pneumonia mortality and to modify the CURB-65 with the best performing vital sign index to establish a new mortality prediction tool. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care center in southern Thailand. Adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia were enrolled in this study between January 2020 and July 2022. Patient demographic and clinical data on admission were collected from an electronic database. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve analysis was used to assess the predictive power of the resultant multivariable logistic regression model after univariate and multivariate analyses of variables with identified associations with in-hospital mortality. RESULTS In total, 251 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were enrolled in this study. The in-hospital mortality rate was 27.9%. Non-survivors had significantly higher HR, respiratory rate, SIA, and PMI and lower MP and BPAI than survivors. A cutoff value of 51 for SIA (AUC, 0.663; specificity, 80%) was used to predict mortality. When SIA was introduced as a modifier for the CURB-65 score, the new score (the CURSIA score) showed a higher AUC than the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and CURB-65 scores (AUCs: 0.785, 0.780, and 0.774, respectively) without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS SIA and CURSIA scores were significantly associated with COVID-19 pneumonia mortality. These scores may contribute to better patient triage than traditional vital signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyaphat Udompongpaiboon
- Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Kanjanavanich Road, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Teeraphat Reangvilaikul
- Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Kanjanavanich Road, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Veerapong Vattanavanit
- Critical Care Medicine Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Kanjanavanich Road, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
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14
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Wu G, Zhu Y, Qiu X, Yuan X, Mi X, Zhou R. Application of clinical and CT imaging features in the evaluation of disease progression in patients with COVID-19. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:329. [PMID: 37674193 PMCID: PMC10481600 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic has strained healthcare systems worldwide, necessitating the early prediction of patients requiring critical care. This study aimed to analyze the laboratory examination indicators, CT features, and prognostic risk factors in COVID-19 patients. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on 90 COVID-19 patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University between December 17, 2022, and March 17, 2023. Clinical data, laboratory examination results, and computed tomography (CT) imaging data were collected. Logistic multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors, and the predictive ability of each risk factor was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that comorbid diabetes (odds ratio [OR] = 526.875, 95%CI = 1.384-1960.84, P = 0.053), lymphocyte count reduction (OR = 8.773, 95%CI = 1.432-53.584, P = 0.064), elevated D-dimer level (OR = 362.426, 95%CI = 1.228-984.995, P = 0.023), and involvement of five lung lobes (OR = 0.926, 95%CI = 0.026-0.686, P = 0.025) were risk factors for progression to severe COVID-19. ROC curve analysis showed the highest predictive value for 5 lung lobes (AUC = 0.782). Oxygen saturation was positively correlated with normally aerated lung volume and the proportion of normally aerated lung volume (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that comorbid diabetes, lymphocyte count reduction, elevated D-dimer levels, and involvement of the five lung lobes are significant risk factors for severe COVID-19. In CT lung volume quantification, normal aerated lung volume and the proportion of normal aerated lung volume correlated with blood oxygen saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Wu
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23 Qingnian Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi China
| | - Yunya Zhu
- General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23 Qingnian Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi China
| | - Xingting Qiu
- Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23 Qingnian Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi China
| | - Xiaoliang Yuan
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23 Qingnian Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi China
| | - Xiaojing Mi
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23 Qingnian Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23 Qingnian Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi China
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15
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Wen D, Yang X, Liang Z, Yan F, He H, Wan L. Effect of awake prone positioning on tracheal intubation rates in patients with COVID-19: A meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19633. [PMID: 37809914 PMCID: PMC10558862 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the effect of awake prone positioning on endotracheal intubation rates in spontaneously breathing patients with COVID-19 not undergoing endotracheal intubation. Methods We searched the CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PUBMED, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases until December 31, 2022. Prospective randomized controlled, cohort, and case-control studies were included. A meta-analysis was performed on the primary outcome measure, tracheal intubation rates, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results Ten studies with a total of 2641 patients were included. The tracheal intubation rate in the awake prone position was 34% (95%CI: 0.59-1.10; P = 0.18; I2 = 55%), showing a non-significant benefit. Mortality was lower in prone-positioned than in supine-positioned patients (odds ratio: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.61-0.93; P = 0.007; I2 = 46%), prone positioning significantly improved the PaO2/FiO2 ratio (mean difference -29.17; 95%CI: -50.91 to -7.43; P = 0.009; I2 = 44%). Conclusions Prone positioning can improve the PaO2/FIO2 ratio in patients with COVID-19 but we found no significant effect on tracheal intubation rates. Awake prone positioning seems to be associated with lower mortality, however, and may thus be a beneficial and effective intervention for patients with COVID-19. The optimal timing, duration, and target population need to be determined in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wen
- Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiuru Yang
- Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhenghua Liang
- Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fenglin Yan
- Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Haiyan He
- Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Nursing, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
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Fuset-Cabanes MP, Hernández-Platero LL, Sabater-Riera J, Gordillo-Benitez M, Di Paolo F, Cárdenas-Campos P, Maisterra-Santos K, Pons-Serra M, Sastre-Pérez P, García-Zaloña A, Puentes-Yañez J, Pérez-Fernández X. Days spent on non-invasive ventilation support: can it determine when to initiate VV- ECMO? Observational study in a cohort of Covid-19 patients. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:310. [PMID: 37626354 PMCID: PMC10464376 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study evaluates the impact of the time between commencing non-invasive ventilation (NIV) support and initiation of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) in a cohort of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS Prospective observational study design in an intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a tertiary hospital in Barcelona (Spain). All patients requiring VV-ECMO support due to COVID-19 associated ARDS between March 2020 and January 2022 were analysed. Survival outcome was determined at 90 days after VV-ECMO initiation. Demographic data, comorbidities at ICU admission, RESP (respiratory ECMO survival prediction) score, antiviral and immunomodulatory treatments received, inflammatory biomarkers, the need for vasopressors, the thromboprophylaxis regimen received, and respiratory parameters including the length of intubation previous to ECMO and the length of each NIV support (high-flow nasal cannula, continuous positive airway pressure and bi-level positive airway pressure), were also collated in order to assess risk factors for day-90 mortality. The effect of the time lapse between NIV support and VV-ECMO on survival was evaluated using logistic regression and adjusting the association with all factors that were significant in the univariate analysis. RESULTS Seventy-two patients finally received VV-ECMO support. At 90 days after commencing VV-ECMO 35 patients (48%) had died and 37 patients (52%) were alive. Multivariable analysis showed that at VV-ECMO initiation, age (p = 0.02), lactate (p = 0.001), and days from initiation of NIV support to starting VV-ECMO (p = 0.04) were all associated with day-90 mortality. CONCLUSIONS In our small cohort of VV-ECMO patients with COVID-19 associated ARDS, the time spent between initiation of NIV support and VV-ECMO (together with age and lactate) appeared to be a better predictor of mortality than the time between intubation and VV-ECMO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - LLuisa Hernández-Platero
- Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, SJD Barcelona Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Sabater-Riera
- Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Fabio Di Paolo
- Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - María Pons-Serra
- Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paola Sastre-Pérez
- Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
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Emilov B, Sorokin A, Seiitov M, Kobayashi BT, Chubakov T, Vesnin S, Popov I, Krylova A, Goryanin I. Diagnostic of Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia Using Passive Medical Microwave Radiometry (MWR). Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2585. [PMID: 37568948 PMCID: PMC10417460 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chest CT is widely regarded as a dependable imaging technique for detecting pneumonia in COVID-19 patients, but there is growing interest in microwave radiometry (MWR) of the lungs as a possible substitute for diagnosing lung involvement. AIM The aim of this study is to examine the utility of the MWR approach as a screening tool for diagnosing pneumonia with complications in patients with COVID-19. METHODS Our study involved two groups of participants. The control group consisted of 50 individuals (24 male and 26 female) between the ages of 20 and 70 years who underwent clinical evaluations and had no known medical conditions. The main group included 142 participants (67 men and 75 women) between the ages of 20 and 87 years who were diagnosed with COVID-19 complicated by pneumonia and were admitted to the emergency department between June 2020 to June 2021. Skin and lung temperatures were measured at 14 points, including 2 additional reference points, using a previously established method. Lung temperature data were obtained with the MWR2020 (MMWR LTD, Edinburgh, UK). All participants underwent clinical evaluations, laboratory tests, chest CT scans, MWR of the lungs, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS The MWR exhibits a high predictive capacity as demonstrated by its sensitivity of 97.6% and specificity of 92.7%. CONCLUSIONS MWR of the lungs can be a valuable substitute for chest CT in diagnosing pneumonia in patients with COVID-19, especially in situations where chest CT is unavailable or impractical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berik Emilov
- Educational-Scientific Medical Center, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy Named after Isa Akhunbaev, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Aleksander Sorokin
- Department of Physics, Medical Informatics and Biology, Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University Named after Boris Yeltsin, Bishkek 720000, Kyrgyzstan;
| | - Meder Seiitov
- Educational-Scientific Medical Center, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy Named after Isa Akhunbaev, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
| | | | - Tulegen Chubakov
- Kyrgyz State Medical Institute of Post-Graduate Training and Continuous Education Named after S.B. Daniyarov, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan;
| | - Sergey Vesnin
- Medical Microwave Radiometry Ltd., Edinburgh EH10 5LZ, UK;
| | - Illarion Popov
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Technology, Volgograd State University, 400062 Volgograd, Russia; (I.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Krylova
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Technology, Volgograd State University, 400062 Volgograd, Russia; (I.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Igor Goryanin
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AZ, UK
- Biological Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute Science and Technology, Kunigami District, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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Luca RD, Rifici C, Terranova A, Orecchio L, Castorina MV, Torrisi M, Cannavò A, Bramanti A, Bonanno M, Calabrò RS, Cola MCD. Healthcare worker burnout during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Italy: experiences from an intensive neurological rehabilitation unit. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231182664. [PMID: 37486238 PMCID: PMC10369104 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231182664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aim was to investigate the prevalence of behavioral symptoms and burnout in healthcare workers in an intensive neurological rehabilitation unit in Messina, Italy, during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. METHODS Forty-seven healthcare workers (including neurologists, physiatrists, nurses and rehabilitation therapists) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study from February 2020 to June 2020. Participants were administered the following psychometric tests to investigate burnout and related symptoms: the Maslach Burnout Inventory, which measures emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment; the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS); the Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS); the Dyadic Adjustment Scale; and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). RESULTS We found several correlations between test scores and burnout subdimensions. Emotional exhaustion was correlated with SDS (r = 0.67), PSAS-Cognitive (r = 0.67) and PSAS-Somatic (r = 0.70) scores, and moderately correlated with all BPAQ dimensions (r = 0.42). Depersonalization was moderately correlated with SDS (r = 0.54), PSAS-Cognitive (r = 0.53) and PSAS-Somatic (r = 0.50) scores. CONCLUSION During the first COVID-19 lockdown in Italy, healthcare workers were more exposed to physical and mental exhaustion and burnout. Research evaluating organizational and system-level interventions to promote psychological well-being at work for healthcare workers are needed.
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Lee HW, Yang HJ, Kim H, Kim UH, Kim DH, Yoon SH, Ham SY, Nam BD, Chae KJ, Lee D, Yoo JY, Bak SH, Kim JY, Kim JH, Kim KB, Jung JI, Lim JK, Lee JE, Chung MJ, Lee YK, Kim YS, Lee SM, Kwon W, Park CM, Kim YH, Jeong YJ, Jin KN, Goo JM. Deep Learning With Chest Radiographs for Making Prognoses in Patients With COVID-19: Retrospective Cohort Study. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e42717. [PMID: 36795468 PMCID: PMC9937110 DOI: 10.2196/42717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An artificial intelligence (AI) model using chest radiography (CXR) may provide good performance in making prognoses for COVID-19. OBJECTIVE We aimed to develop and validate a prediction model using CXR based on an AI model and clinical variables to predict clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. METHODS This retrospective longitudinal study included patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at multiple COVID-19 medical centers between February 2020 and October 2020. Patients at Boramae Medical Center were randomly classified into training, validation, and internal testing sets (at a ratio of 8:1:1, respectively). An AI model using initial CXR images as input, a logistic regression model using clinical information, and a combined model using the output of the AI model (as CXR score) and clinical information were developed and trained to predict hospital length of stay (LOS) ≤2 weeks, need for oxygen supplementation, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The models were externally validated in the Korean Imaging Cohort of COVID-19 data set for discrimination and calibration. RESULTS The AI model using CXR and the logistic regression model using clinical variables were suboptimal to predict hospital LOS ≤2 weeks or the need for oxygen supplementation but performed acceptably in the prediction of ARDS (AI model area under the curve [AUC] 0.782, 95% CI 0.720-0.845; logistic regression model AUC 0.878, 95% CI 0.838-0.919). The combined model performed better in predicting the need for oxygen supplementation (AUC 0.704, 95% CI 0.646-0.762) and ARDS (AUC 0.890, 95% CI 0.853-0.928) compared to the CXR score alone. Both the AI and combined models showed good calibration for predicting ARDS (P=.079 and P=.859). CONCLUSIONS The combined prediction model, comprising the CXR score and clinical information, was externally validated as having acceptable performance in predicting severe illness and excellent performance in predicting ARDS in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Lee
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Yang
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjin Kim
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ue-Hwan Kim
- AI Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ho Yoon
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Youn Ham
- Department of Radiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Da Nam
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kum Ju Chae
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dabee Lee
- Department of Radiology, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hyeon Bak
- Department of Radiology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Radiology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chungnam National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Beom Kim
- Department of Radiology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Im Jung
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kwang Lim
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jin Chung
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyung Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woocheol Kwon
- Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Min Park
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Joo Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Nam Jin
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Mo Goo
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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20
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Matsumoto T, Walston SL, Walston M, Kabata D, Miki Y, Shiba M, Ueda D. Deep Learning-Based Time-to-Death Prediction Model for COVID-19 Patients Using Clinical Data and Chest Radiographs. J Digit Imaging 2023; 36:178-188. [PMID: 35941407 PMCID: PMC9360661 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-022-00691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate estimation of mortality and time to death at admission for COVID-19 patients is important and several deep learning models have been created for this task. However, there are currently no prognostic models which use end-to-end deep learning to predict time to event for admitted COVID-19 patients using chest radiographs and clinical data. We retrospectively implemented a new artificial intelligence model combining DeepSurv (a multiple-perceptron implementation of the Cox proportional hazards model) and a convolutional neural network (CNN) using 1356 COVID-19 inpatients. For comparison, we also prepared DeepSurv only with clinical data, DeepSurv only with images (CNNSurv), and Cox proportional hazards models. Clinical data and chest radiographs at admission were used to estimate patient outcome (death or discharge) and duration to the outcome. The Harrel's concordance index (c-index) of the DeepSurv with CNN model was 0.82 (0.75-0.88) and this was significantly higher than the DeepSurv only with clinical data model (c-index = 0.77 (0.69-0.84), p = 0.011), CNNSurv (c-index = 0.70 (0.63-0.79), p = 0.001), and the Cox proportional hazards model (c-index = 0.71 (0.63-0.79), p = 0.001). These results suggest that the time-to-event prognosis model became more accurate when chest radiographs and clinical data were used together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimasa Matsumoto
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shannon Leigh Walston
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Michael Walston
- Smart Life Science Lab, Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Daijiro Kabata
- Department of Medical Statistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yukio Miki
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Shiba
- Smart Life Science Lab, Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.,Department of Medical Statistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Daiju Ueda
- Smart Life Science Lab, Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan. .,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
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21
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Wei S, Xiong D, Wang J, Liang X, Wang J, Chen Y. The accuracy of the National Early Warning Score 2 in predicting early death in prehospital and emergency department settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:95. [PMID: 36819553 PMCID: PMC9929743 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Many studies have explored the accuracy of the National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) in predicting mortality in prehospital and emergency settings, but their findings are inconsistent. Whether NEWS2 is reliable for the pre-examination and triage of patients in prehospital settings and emergency departments remains debatable. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of NEWS2 in predicting mortality in prehospital settings and emergency departments. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wan Fang Data, Vip Database and SinoMed from the inception of each database to January 2023. The inclusion criteria: (I) patients in the prehospital settings or emergency departments; (II) the NEWS2 for predicting 2-day mortality, 30-day mortality, and in-hospital mortality; (III) sufficient data, such as sensitivity, specificity, overall survival, and deaths, were provided for the study; (IV) the type of study was accuracy prediction study. Two authors independently extracted data, including authors, year of publication, country of origin, study design, sample size, threshold cutoff values of NEWS2, and mortality. The PROBAST was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Results Thirty studies with 185,835 participants were included. Among the 30 included studies, 13 have a high risk of bias, and 17 have a low risk of bias. The pooled sensitivity, specificity and AUC of 2-day mortality (early mortality), 30-day mortality and in-hospital mortality were 0.81 vs. 0.76 vs. 0.72 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.80), 0.81 vs. 0.69 vs. 0.78 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.93) and 0.88 vs. 0.80 vs. 0.78 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.82), respectively. Conclusions NEWS2 has excellent sensitivity and specificity in predicting early mortality in patients in the prehospitals setting and emergency departments. Nonetheless, it has poor performance in predicting in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality. Our findings underpin the use of NEWS2 as a pre-examination and triage tool to predict early death in the prehospital settings and emergency departments. To improve the predictive accuracy, it should be used to monitor patients continuously rather than at a single point-in-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfeng Wei
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinmeng Liang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxian Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuee Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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COVID-19 diagnostic approaches with an extensive focus on computed tomography in accurate diagnosis, prognosis, staging, and follow-up. Pol J Radiol 2023; 88:e53-e64. [PMID: 36819223 PMCID: PMC9907165 DOI: 10.5114/pjr.2023.124597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a long time has passed since its outbreak, there is currently no specific treatment for COVID-19, and it seems that the most appropriate strategy to combat this pandemic is to identify and isolate infected individuals. Various clinical diagnosis methods such as molecular techniques, serologic assays, and imaging techniques have been developed to identify suspected patients. Although reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) has emerged as a reference standard method for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, the high rate of false-negative results and limited supplies to meet current demand are the main shortcoming of this technique. Based on a comprehensive literature review, imaging techniques, particularly computed tomography (CT), show an acceptable level of sensitivity in the diagnosis and follow-up of COVID-19. Indeed, because lung infection or pneumonia is a common complication of COVID-19, the chest CT scan can be an alternative testing method in the early diagnosis and treatment assessment of the disease. In this review, we summarize all the currently available frontline diagnostic tools for the detection of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals and highlight the value of chest CT scan in the diagnosis, prognosis, staging, management, and follow-up of infected patients.
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23
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Düz ME, Arslan M, Menek EE, Avci BY. Impact of the seventh day nucleated red blood cell count on mortality in COVID-19 intensive care unit patients: A retrospective case-control study. J Med Biochem 2023; 42:138-144. [PMID: 36819135 PMCID: PMC9920868 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-39839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 covers a broad clinical spectrum, threatening global health. Although several studies have investigated various prognostic biochemical and hematological parameters, they generally lack specificity and are insufficient for decision-making. Beyond the neonatal period, NRBCs (nucleated red blood cells) in peripheral blood is rare and often associated with malignant neoplasms, bone marrow diseases, and other severe disorders such as sepsis and hypoxia. Therefore, we investigated if NRBCs can predict mortality in hypoxic ICU (Intensive Care Unit) patients of COVID-19. Methods Seventy-one unvaccinated RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 ICU patients was divided into those who survived (n=35, mean age=58) and died (n=36, mean age=75). Venous blood samples were collected in K3 EDTA tubes and analyzed on a Sysmex XN-1000 hematology analyzer with semiconductor laser flow cytometry and nucleic acid fluorescence staining method for NRBC analysis. NRBC numbers and percentages of the patients were compared on the first and seventh days of admission to the ICU. Results are reported as a proportion of NRBCs per 100 WBCs NRBCs/100 WBC (NRBC% and as absolute NRBC count (NRBC #, × 109/L). Results NRBC 7th-day count and % values were statistically higher in non-survival ones. The sensitivity for 7th day NRBC value <0.01 (negative) was 86.11%, the specificity was 48.57%, for <0.02; 75.00%, and 77.14%, for <0.03; 61.11%, and 94.60%. Conclusions In conclusion, our results indicate that NRBC elevation (>0.01) significantly predicts mortality in ICU hospitalized patients due to COVID-19. Worse, a high mortality rate is expected, especially with NRBC values of >0.03.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Emin Düz
- Amasya University, Sabuncuoğlu Şerefeddin Training, and Research Hospital, Medical Biochemistry, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Amasya University, Sabuncuoğlu Şerefeddin Training, and Research Hospital, Infectious Diseases, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Elif E. Menek
- Amasya University, Sabuncuoğlu Şerefeddin Training, and Research Hospital, Medical Biochemistry, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Burak Yasin Avci
- Amasya University, Sabuncuoğlu Şerefeddin Training, and Research Hospital, Infectious Diseases, Amasya, Turkey
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24
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Ersoy Dursun F, Çağ Y, İğneci E, Işık Gören B, Arslan F, Akarsu Ayazoğlu T, İşman FK, Vahaboğlu MH. Adaptive immune system in severe COVID-19 patients in the first week of illness: A pilot study. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2023; 12:100-106. [PMID: 36645664 PMCID: PMC9869865 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2022.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The presentation of the course of COVID-19-related T-cell responses in the first week of the disease may be a more specific period for adaptive immune response assessment. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte counts and death in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods Thirty-three patients (14 females and 19 males) admitted for severe and desaturated COVID-19 pneumonia confirmed by polymerase chain reaction were included. Lymphocyte subsets and CD4+/CD8+ and CD16+/CD56+ rates were measured using flow cytometry from peripheral blood at admission and on the day of death or hospital discharge. Results Twenty-eight patients survived and five died. On the day of admission, the CD4+ cell count was significantly higher and the saturation of O2 was significantly lower in the deceased patients compared to the survivors (P < 0.05). The CD16+/CD56+ rate was significantly lower on the day of death in the deceased patients than in discharge day for the survivors (P = 0.013). Conclusion CD4+ lymphocyte percentages and O2 saturation in samples taken on the day of admission to the hospital and CD16+/CD56+ ratios taken at the time of discharge from the hospital were found to be associated with the mortality in patients with severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadime Ersoy Dursun
- Department of Hematology, Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey,Corresponding author. Department of Hematology, Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey. Tel.: +90 5368385101. E-mail:
| | - Yasemin Çağ
- Department of Infectious Disease, Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ender İğneci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Işık Gören
- Department of Infectious Disease, Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Arslan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tülin Akarsu Ayazoğlu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya-Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ferruh Kemal İşman
- Department of Biochemistry, Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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25
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Forgacova N, Holesova Z, Hekel R, Sedlackova T, Pos Z, Krivosikova L, Janega P, Kuracinova KM, Babal P, Radvak P, Radvanszky J, Gazdarica J, Budis J, Szemes T. Evaluation and limitations of different approaches among COVID-19 fatal cases using whole-exome sequencing data. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:12. [PMID: 36627554 PMCID: PMC9830622 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection may result in various disease symptoms and severity, ranging from asymptomatic, through mildly symptomatic, up to very severe and even fatal cases. Although environmental, clinical, and social factors play important roles in both susceptibility to the SARS-CoV-2 infection and progress of COVID-19 disease, it is becoming evident that both pathogen and host genetic factors are important too. In this study, we report findings from whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 27 individuals who died due to COVID-19, especially focusing on frequencies of DNA variants in genes previously associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection and the severity of COVID-19. RESULTS We selected the risk DNA variants/alleles or target genes using four different approaches: 1) aggregated GWAS results from the GWAS Catalog; 2) selected publications from PubMed; 3) the aggregated results of the Host Genetics Initiative database; and 4) a commercial DNA variant annotation/interpretation tool providing its own knowledgebase. We divided these variants/genes into those reported to influence the susceptibility to the SARS-CoV-2 infection and those influencing the severity of COVID-19. Based on the above, we compared the frequencies of alleles found in the fatal COVID-19 cases to the frequencies identified in two population control datasets (non-Finnish European population from the gnomAD database and genomic frequencies specific for the Slovak population from our own database). When compared to both control population datasets, our analyses indicated a trend of higher frequencies of severe COVID-19 associated risk alleles among fatal COVID-19 cases. This trend reached statistical significance specifically when using the HGI-derived variant list. We also analysed other approaches to WES data evaluation, demonstrating its utility as well as limitations. CONCLUSIONS Although our results proved the likely involvement of host genetic factors pointed out by previous studies looking into severity of COVID-19 disease, careful considerations of the molecular-testing strategies and the evaluated genomic positions may have a strong impact on the utility of genomic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Forgacova
- Comenius University Science Park, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia.
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia.
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 845 05, Slovakia.
| | | | - Rastislav Hekel
- Comenius University Science Park, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
- Geneton Ltd, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
- Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information, Bratislava, 811 04, Slovakia
| | - Tatiana Sedlackova
- Comenius University Science Park, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
- Geneton Ltd, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Pos
- Comenius University Science Park, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 845 05, Slovakia
- Geneton Ltd, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Krivosikova
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, 813 72, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Janega
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, 813 72, Slovakia
| | | | - Pavel Babal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, 813 72, Slovakia
| | - Peter Radvak
- Comenius University Science Park, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
| | - Jan Radvanszky
- Comenius University Science Park, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 845 05, Slovakia
- Geneton Ltd, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Gazdarica
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
- Geneton Ltd, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
- Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information, Bratislava, 811 04, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Budis
- Comenius University Science Park, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
- Geneton Ltd, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
- Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information, Bratislava, 811 04, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Szemes
- Comenius University Science Park, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
- Geneton Ltd, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
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26
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, M G N, V C, Gulur H, V H. A Retrospective Analysis of Ventilatory Strategy Comparing Non-invasive Ventilation (NIV) With Invasive Ventilation in Patients Admitted With Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia. Cureus 2023; 15:e34249. [PMID: 36855494 PMCID: PMC9968367 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India saw a sudden upsurge of critically ill patients getting admitted to the ICU. The guidance for respiratory support was unclear in the early phase. But later reports showed lower mortality with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) than with intubation. The aim of this study was to assess the end result of initial methods of ventilation in COVID-19 patients. Methodology Patients admitted to ICU with COVID-19 were categorized as group 1 (IPPV-intubated within 24 hrs of admission), group 2 (NIV -NIV only), group 3 (NIV+ IPPV-intubated after 24 hrs), and group 4 (NRBM - Non-Rebreathing Mask only). All causes in the hospital or 30-day mortality, length of stay in ICU, and incidence of pneumothorax were compared between groups. Logistic regression analysis was done to determine the odds of mortality. Results The overall mortality rate among patients admitted to tertiary care centers was 15% and the rate among patients in ICU was 54.07%. Patients in group 1 and group 3 had significantly high mortality rates of 90.47% and 93.75%, respectively, as compared to 51.28% in group 2 patients. The odds of mortality were high in group 3 (OR 29.57, 95% CI 4.51 and 193.52) and group 1 (OR 8.01, 95% CI 1.35 and 47.48). Conclusion In a resource-limited setting, the use of NIV is associated with higher survival in COVID-19 patients. The prognosis of patients who are intubated early or after a trial of NIV is the same with increased odds of mortality.
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27
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Hong J, Seog SH. Health insurance system and resilience to epidemics. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2023; 43:97-114. [PMID: 36089331 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically analyze the resilience (efficiency) of health insurance systems and diverse factors including trace and test technology, infection and contagion rates, and social distancing/lockdown policy, in coping with contagious diseases like COVID-19. Our findings can be summarized as follows. First, public insurance is more resilient than market insurance, as the former's investment in test technology is made at the social optimum, whereas the latter's investment is less. The decentralized behavior of competing insurers leads to a less resilient outcome. Second, resilience decreases as the market becomes more competitive because the externality effect becomes more severe. Third, a higher contagion rate, a more cost-efficient test technology or a higher initial infection rate unless it is not too high, leads to a higher test accuracy level. Fourth, the socially optimal social distancing/lockdown policy is determined by comparison between its relative costs and the benefit from contagion reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Hong
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hun Seog
- Seoul National University Business School, Seoul, Korea
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28
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Ngere P, Onsongo J, Langat D, Nzioka E, Mudachi F, Kadivane S, Chege B, Kirui E, Were I, Mutiso S, Kibisu A, Ihahi J, Mutethya G, Mochache T, Lokamar P, Boru W, Makayotto L, Okunga E, Ganda N, Haji A, Gathenji C, Kariuki W, Osoro E, Kasera K, Kuria F, Aman R, Nabyonga J, Amoth P. Characterization of COVID-19 cases in the early phase (March to July 2020) of the pandemic in Kenya. J Glob Health 2022; 12:15001. [PMID: 36583253 PMCID: PMC9801068 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.15001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kenya detected the first case of COVID-19 on March 13, 2020, and as of July 30, 2020, 17 975 cases with 285 deaths (case fatality rate (CFR) = 1.6%) had been reported. This study described the cases during the early phase of the pandemic to provide information for monitoring and response planning in the local context. Methods We reviewed COVID-19 case records from isolation centres while considering national representation and the WHO sampling guideline for clinical characterization of the COVID-19 pandemic within a country. Socio-demographic, clinical, and exposure data were summarized using median and mean for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables. We assigned exposure variables to socio-demographics, exposure, and contact data, while the clinical spectrum was assigned outcome variables and their associations were assessed. Results A total of 2796 case records were reviewed including 2049 (73.3%) male, 852 (30.5%) aged 30-39 years, 2730 (97.6%) Kenyans, 636 (22.7%) transporters, and 743 (26.6%) residents of Nairobi City County. Up to 609 (21.8%) cases had underlying medical conditions, including hypertension (n = 285 (46.8%)), diabetes (n = 211 (34.6%)), and multiple conditions (n = 129 (21.2%)). Out of 1893 (67.7%) cases with likely sources of exposure, 601 (31.8%) were due to international travel. There were 2340 contacts listed for 577 (20.6%) cases, with 632 contacts (27.0%) being traced. The odds of developing COVID-19 symptoms were higher among case who were aged above 60 years (odds ratio (OR) = 1.99, P = 0.007) or had underlying conditions (OR = 2.73, P < 0.001) and lower among transport sector employees (OR = 0.31, P < 0.001). The odds of developing severe COVID-19 disease were higher among cases who had underlying medical conditions (OR = 1.56, P < 0.001) and lower among cases exposed through community gatherings (OR = 0.27, P < 0.001). The odds of survival of cases from COVID-19 disease were higher among transport sector employees (OR = 3.35, P = 0.004); but lower among cases who were aged ≥60 years (OR = 0.58, P = 0.034) and those with underlying conditions (OR = 0.58, P = 0.025). Conclusion The early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated a need to target the elderly and comorbid cases with prevention and control strategies while closely monitoring asymptomatic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Ngere
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Epidemic Response, Ministry of Health, Kenya,Washington State University, Global Health, Kenya
| | | | - Daniel Langat
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Epidemic Response, Ministry of Health, Kenya
| | - Elizabeth Nzioka
- Public Health Emergency Operation Centre, Ministry of Health, Kenya
| | - Faith Mudachi
- Department of Promotive and Preventive Health, Ministry of Health, Kenya
| | - Samuel Kadivane
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Epidemic Response, Ministry of Health, Kenya
| | - Bernard Chege
- Public Health Emergency Operation Centre, Ministry of Health, Kenya
| | - Elvis Kirui
- National Public Health Laboratory Services, Ministry of Health, Kenya
| | - Ian Were
- Office of the Director General, Ministry of Health, Kenya
| | - Stephen Mutiso
- Department of Promotive and Preventive Health, Ministry of Health, Kenya
| | - Amos Kibisu
- Public Health Emergency Operation Centre, Ministry of Health, Kenya
| | - Josephine Ihahi
- Public Health Emergency Operation Centre, Ministry of Health, Kenya
| | - Gladys Mutethya
- Public Health Emergency Operation Centre, Ministry of Health, Kenya
| | | | - Peter Lokamar
- National Public Health Laboratory Services, Ministry of Health, Kenya
| | - Waqo Boru
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ministry of Health, Kenya
| | - Lyndah Makayotto
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Epidemic Response, Ministry of Health, Kenya
| | - Emmanuel Okunga
- Department of Disease Surveillance and Epidemic Response, Ministry of Health, Kenya
| | | | - Adam Haji
- World Health Organization, Nairobi Kenya
| | | | | | - Eric Osoro
- Washington State University, Global Health, Kenya
| | - Kadondi Kasera
- Public Health Emergency Operation Centre, Ministry of Health, Kenya
| | - Francis Kuria
- Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Kenya
| | - Rashid Aman
- Cabinet Administrative Secretary, Ministry of Health, Kenya
| | | | - Patrick Amoth
- Office of the Director General, Ministry of Health, Kenya
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Ozdemir I, Dursunoglu CF, Y Kara B, Dora M. Logistics of temporary testing centers for coronavirus disease. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH. PART C, EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2022; 145:103954. [PMID: 36407059 PMCID: PMC9650566 DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2022.103954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has caused the death of millions of people, and PCR testing is widely used as the gold standard method to detect the infections to restrict the outbreak. Through the interviews conducted with people from the field in South Korea, the UK, and Turkey, we have found that there are numerous testing strategies worldwide. Those testing strategies include drive-through and home delivery testing capabilities, local test sites, and mobile test centers. Our primary motivation is to propose a generic model based on the best practices in the UK and South Korea. Also, we aim to present a case study on Turkey for the implementation of vital procedures and increase their availability. This paper represents a study on how to construct a temporary testing logistics system during the initial phases of pandemics to increase the availability of PCR testing with the primary objective of maximizing total sample collection. The design also considers minimizing the maximum walking distance to increase the convenience of sample collection for the people living in the neighborhoods. The proposed system consists of temporary testing centers and a central laboratory. Temporary testing centers perform direct tours to the potential areas to collect samples and bring the collected sample to the designated central laboratories located at central hospitals. Moreover, to represent the non-linear inheritance of the pandemic progress within a population, we consider diminishing sample potentials over time and coverage. This new problem is defined as an extension of the Selective Vehicle Routing Problem and Covering Tour Problem. We propose a mathematical model and four two-stage math-heuristic algorithms to determine the location and routing of the temporary testing centers and their lengths of stay at each visited location. The performances of the proposed solution methodologies are tested on two data sets. The first set is constructed by the confirmed cases of the districts of Seoul, Korea, and by the interview of health personnel of H+ Yangji Hospital COVID-19 semi-mobile booth application, and the second set is constructed by 99 hospital/health centers from distinct neighborhoods of 22 districts of Istanbul, Turkey. The Pareto set of optimum solutions is generated based on total sample collection and maximum walking distance. Finally, sensitivity analyses on some design parameters are conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmak Ozdemir
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Cagla F Dursunoglu
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Bahar Y Kara
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Manoj Dora
- Anglia Ruskin University, Anglia Ruskin University, East Rd, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, United Kingdom
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30
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Fadja AN, Fraccaroli M, Bizzarri A, Mazzuchelli G, Lamma E. Neural-Symbolic Ensemble Learning for early-stage prediction of critical state of Covid-19 patients. Med Biol Eng Comput 2022; 60:3461-3474. [PMID: 36201136 PMCID: PMC9540054 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-022-02674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have been successfully applied to many domains of interest including medical diagnosis. Due to the availability of a large quantity of data, it is possible to build reliable AI systems that assist humans in making decisions. The recent Covid-19 pandemic quickly spread over the world causing serious health problems and severe economic and social damage. Computer scientists are actively working together with doctors on different ML models to diagnose Covid-19 patients using Computed Tomography (CT) scans and clinical data. In this work, we propose a neural-symbolic system that predicts if a Covid-19 patient arriving at the hospital will end in a critical condition. The proposed system relies on Deep 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (3D-CNNs) for analyzing lung CT scans of Covid-19 patients, Decision Trees (DTs) for predicting if a Covid-19 patient will eventually pass away by analyzing its clinical data, and a neural system that integrates the previous ones using Hierarchical Probabilistic Logic Programs (HPLPs). Predicting if a Covid-19 patient will end in a critical condition is useful for managing the limited number of intensive care at the hospital. Moreover, knowing early that a Covid-19 patient could end in serious conditions allows doctors to gain early knowledge on patients and provide special treatment to those predicted to finish in critical conditions. The proposed system, entitled Neural HPLP, obtains good performance in terms of area under the receiver operating characteristic and precision curves with values of about 0.96 for both metrics. Therefore, with Neural HPLP, it is possible not only to efficiently predict if Covid-19 patients will end in severe conditions but also possible to provide an explanation of the prediction. This makes Neural HPLP explainable, interpretable, and reliable. Graphical abstract Representation of Neural HPLP. From top to bottom, the two different types of data collected from the same patient and used in this project are represented. This data feeds the two different machine learning systems and the integration of the two systems using Hierarchical Probabilistic Logic Program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Nguembang Fadja
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Ferrara, Via Nicolò Machiavelli 30, Ferrara, 44121 Italy
| | - Michele Fraccaroli
- DE - Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, Ferrara, 44122 Italy
| | - Alice Bizzarri
- DE - Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, Ferrara, 44122 Italy
| | - Giulia Mazzuchelli
- DE - Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, Ferrara, 44122 Italy
| | - Evelina Lamma
- DE - Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, Ferrara, 44122 Italy
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31
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Duong LT, Nguyen PT, Iovino L, Flammini M. Automatic detection of Covid-19 from chest X-ray and lung computed tomography images using deep neural networks and transfer learning. Appl Soft Comput 2022; 132:109851. [PMCID: PMC9686054 DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2022.109851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The world has been undergoing the most ever unprecedented circumstances caused by the coronavirus pandemic, which is having a devastating global effect in different aspects of life. Since there are not effective antiviral treatments for Covid-19 yet, it is crucial to early detect and monitor the progression of the disease, thereby helping to reduce mortality. While different measures are being used to combat the virus, medical imaging techniques have been examined to support doctors in diagnosing the disease. In this paper, we present a practical solution for the detection of Covid-19 from chest X-ray (CXR) and lung computed tomography (LCT) images, exploiting cutting-edge Machine Learning techniques. As the main classification engine, we make use of EfficientNet and MixNet, two recently developed families of deep neural networks. Furthermore, to make the training more effective and efficient, we apply three transfer learning algorithms. The ultimate aim is to build a reliable expert system to detect Covid-19 from different sources of images, making it be a multi-purpose AI diagnosing system. We validated our proposed approach using four real-world datasets. The first two are CXR datasets consist of 15,000 and 17,905 images, respectively. The other two are LCT datasets with 2,482 and 411,528 images, respectively. The five-fold cross-validation methodology was used to evaluate the approach, where the dataset is split into five parts, and accordingly the evaluation is conducted in five rounds. By each evaluation, four parts are combined to form the training data, and the remaining one is used for testing. We obtained an encouraging prediction performance for all the considered datasets. In all the configurations, the obtained accuracy is always larger than 95.0%. Compared to various existing studies, our approach yields a substantial performance gain. Moreover, such an improvement is statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh T. Duong
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Viet Nam
| | - Phuong T. Nguyen
- Department of Information Engineering, Computer Science and Mathematics University of L’Aquila, Italy,Corresponding author
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Li J. Prevention is Key to Reducing the Spread of COVID-19 in Long-Term Care Facilities. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:6689-6693. [PMID: 36419715 PMCID: PMC9677882 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s386429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has greatly affected the older people who live in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Older people and those with underlying chronic conditions in LTCFs have experienced disproportionately high morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 vaccines plus a booster shot provide strong protection against severe illness, hospitalizations, and deaths, but new COVID-19 variants, such as Omicron, have a remarkable ability to evade immunity from vaccines, past infection, or both. Prevention is key to reducing the spread of COVID-19 in LTCFs. This study aims to investigate a prevention approach for protecting residents and staff from COVID-19. This paper first presents a case study of massive coronavirus outbreaks at a big nursing home facility and demonstrates how the facility incorrectly responded to COVID-19. It further investigates prevention measures, such as improving vaccination, early detection, isolation and intervention to prevent the spread of COVID-19. It concludes by discussing the implications of the study and directions of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingquan Li
- Frank G. Zarb School of Business, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
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Karadeniz H, Avanoğlu Güler A, Özger HS, Yıldız PA, Erbaş G, Bozdayı G, Deveci Bulut T, Gülbahar Ö, Yapar D, Küçük H, Öztürk MA, Tufan A. The Prognostic Value of Lung Injury and Fibrosis Markers, KL-6,
TGF-β1, FGF-2 in COVID-19 Patients. Biomark Insights 2022; 17:11772719221135443. [PMCID: PMC9643117 DOI: 10.1177/11772719221135443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Biomarkers of lung injury and interstitial fibrosis give insight about the
extent of involvement and prognosis in well-known interstitial lung diseases
(ILD). Serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) reflects direct alveolar injury
and, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) and fibroblast growth
factor-2 (FGF-2) are principal mediators of fibrosis in ILD and in almost
all fibrotic diseases. In this sense, we aimed to assess associations of
these biomarkers with traditional inflammatory markers and clinical course
of COVID-19. Methods: Patients with COVID-19 who had confirmed diagnosis with SARS-CoV-2 nucleic
acid RT-PCR were enrolled and followed up prospectively with a standardized
approach one month after diagnosis. Patients were divided into severe and
non-severe groups according to National Institutes of Health criteria.
Outcome was assessed for the requirement of intensive care unit (ICU)
admission, long term respiratory support and death. Blood samples were
collected at enrollment and serum levels of KL-6, TGF-β1, FGF-2 were
determined by ELISA. Association between these markers with other prognostic
markers and prognosis were analyzed. Results: Overall 31 severe and 28 non-severe COVID-19 patients were enrolled and were
compared with healthy control subjects (n = 30). Serum KL-6 levels in
COVID-19 patients were significantly higher (median [IQR]; 11.54 [4.86] vs
8.54 [3.98] ng/mL, P = .001] and FGF-2 levels were lower
(median [IQR]; 76.84 [98.2] vs 101.62 [210.6] pg/mL) compared to healthy
control group. A significant correlation was found between KL-6 values and
CRP, fibrinogen, d-dimer and lymphocyte counts. However, we did not
find an association between these markers and subsequent severity of
COVID-19, mortality and long-term prognosis. Conclusions: Serum KL-6 levels were significantly elevated at the diagnosis of COVID-19
and correlated well with the other traditional prognostic inflammatory
markers. Serum levels of principal fibrosis mediators, TGF-β1, FGF-2, were
not elevated at diagnosis of COVID-19, therefore did not help to anticipate
long term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazan Karadeniz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of
Internal Medicine, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey,Hazan Karadeniz, Department of Internal
Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine,
Bahriucok Street, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
| | - Aslıhan Avanoğlu Güler
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of
Internal Medicine, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Selçuk Özger
- Department of Infectious Disease, Gazi
University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Aysert Yıldız
- Department of Infectious Disease, Gazi
University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gonca Erbaş
- Department of Radiology, Gazi
University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülendam Bozdayı
- Department of Medical Microbiology,
Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuba Deveci Bulut
- Department of Biochemistry, Gazi
University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özlem Gülbahar
- Department of Biochemistry, Gazi
University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Yapar
- Department of Public Health and
Biostatistics Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hamit Küçük
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of
Internal Medicine, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Öztürk
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of
Internal Medicine, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Tufan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of
Internal Medicine, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Lawton T, Wilkinson K, Corp A, Javid R, MacNally L, McCooe M, Newton E. Reduced critical care demand with early CPAP and proning in COVID-19 at Bradford: A single-centre cohort. J Intensive Care Soc 2022; 23:398-406. [PMID: 36751359 PMCID: PMC9679910 DOI: 10.1177/17511437211018615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Guidance in COVID-19 respiratory failure has favoured early intubation, with concerns over the use of CPAP. We adopted early CPAP and self-proning, and evaluated the safety and efficacy of this approach. Methods This retrospective observational study included all patients with a positive COVID-19 PCR, and others with high clinical suspicion. Our protocol advised early CPAP and self-proning for severe cases, aiming to prevent rather than respond to deterioration. CPAP was provided outside critical care by ward staff supported by physiotherapists and an intensive critical care outreach program. Data were analysed descriptively and compared against a large UK cohort (ISARIC). Results 559 patients admitted before 1 May 2020 were included. 376 were discharged alive, and 183 died. 165 patients (29.5%) received CPAP, 40 (7.2%) were admitted to critical care and 28 (5.0%) were ventilated. Hospital mortality was 32.7%, and 50% for critical care. Following CPAP, 62% of patients with S:F or P:F ratios indicating moderate or severe ARDS, who were candidates for escalation, avoided intubation. Figures for critical care admission, intubation and hospital mortality are lower than ISARIC, whilst critical care mortality is similar. Following ISARIC proportions we would have admitted 92 patients to critical care and intubated 55. Using the described protocol, we intubated 28 patients from 40 admissions, and remained within our expanded critical care capacity. Conclusion Bradford's protocol produced good results despite our population having high levels of co-morbidity and ethnicities associated with poor outcomes. In particular we avoided overloading critical care capacity. We advocate this approach as both effective and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Lawton
- Department of Anaesthesia & Critical Care,
Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary,
Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Kate Wilkinson
- Department of Anaesthesia & Critical Care,
Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary,
Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Aaron Corp
- Department of Anaesthesia & Critical Care,
Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary,
Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Rabeia Javid
- Department of Anaesthesia & Critical Care,
Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary,
Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Laura MacNally
- Department of Anaesthesia & Critical Care,
Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary,
Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Michael McCooe
- Department of Anaesthesia & Critical Care,
Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary,
Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Elizabeth Newton
- Department of Anaesthesia & Critical Care,
Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary,
Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK
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35
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Abstract
This article discusses the pathophysiology of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the evidence supporting the use of awake prone positioning (APP) for adult patients with COVID-19 ARDS cared for in acute care medical units, and a quality improvement initiative to support a standardized APP process on a COVID-19 medical unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Brockman
- Amber Brockman is a medical-surgical clinical registered nurse at WellSpan York Hospital in York, PA. Rebekah L. Carmel is an assistant professor in the Nurse Anesthesia Program at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, VA. Barbara L. Buchko is the director of Evidence-Based Practice and Nursing Research, WellSpan Health
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36
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Wu S, Liu W, Zhang M, Wang K, Liu J, Hu Y, She Q, Li M, Shen S, Chen B, Wu J. Preventive measures significantly reduced the risk of nosocomial infection in elderly inpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:562. [PMID: 35978917 PMCID: PMC9366284 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, there was an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown causes in Wuhan, China. The etiological pathogen was identified to be a novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The number of infected patients has markedly increased since the 2019 outbreak and COVID-19 has also proven to be highly contagious. In particular, the elderly are among the group of patients who are the most susceptible to succumbing to COVID-19 within the general population. Cross-infection in the hospital is one important route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, where elderly patients are more susceptible to nosocomial infections due to reduced immunity. Therefore, the present study was conducted to search for ways to improve the medical management workflow in geriatric departments to ultimately reduce the risk of nosocomial infection in elderly inpatients. The present observational retrospective cohort study analysed elderly patients who were hospitalised in the Geriatric Department of the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing, China). A total of 4,066 elderly patients, who were admitted between January and March in 2019 and 2020 and then hospitalised for >48 h were selected. Among them, 3,073 (75.58%) patients hospitalised from January 2019 to March 2019 were allocated into the non-intervention group, whereas the remaining 933 (24.42%) patients hospitalised from January 2020 to March 2020 after the COVID-19 outbreak were allocated into the intervention group. Following multivariate logistic regression analysis, the risk of nosocomial infections was found to be lower in the intervention group compared with that in the non-intervention group. After age stratification and adjustment for sex, chronic disease, presence of malignant tumour and trauma, both inverse probability treatment weighting and standardised mortality ratio revealed a lower risk of nosocomial infections in the intervention group compared with that in the non-intervention group. To rule out interference caused by changes in the community floating population and social environment during this 1-year study, 93 long-stay patients in stable condition were selected as a subgroup based on 4,066 patients. The so-called floating population refers to patients who have been in hospital for <2 years. Patients aged ≥65 years were included in the geriatrics program. The incidence of nosocomial infections during the epidemic prevention and control period (24 January 2020 to 24 March 2020) and the previous period of hospitalisation (24 January 2019 to 24 March 2019) was also analysed. In the subgroup analysis, a multivariate analysis was also performed on 93 elderly patients who experienced long-term hospitalisation. The risk of nosocomial and pulmonary infections was found to be lower in the intervention group compared with that in the non-intervention group. During the pandemic, the geriatric department took active preventative measures. However, whether these measures can be normalised to reduce the risk of nosocomial infections among elderly inpatients remain unclear. In addition, the present study found that the use of an indwelling gastric tube is an independent risk factor of nosocomial pulmonary infection in elderly inpatients. However, nutritional interventions are indispensable for the long-term wellbeing of patients, especially for those with dysphagia in whom an indwelling gastric tube is the most viable method of providing enteral nutrition. To conclude, the present retrospective analysis of the selected cases showed that enacting preventative and control measures resulted in the effective control of the incidence of nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wen Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Mingjiong Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jin Liu
- Clinical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yujia Hu
- Department of Business Analytics, Management School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Quan She
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Shaoran Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jianqing Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Liu H, Wang J, Geng Y, Li K, Wu H, Chen J, Chai X, Li S, Zheng D. Fine-Grained Assessment of COVID-19 Severity Based on Clinico-Radiological Data Using Machine Learning. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10665. [PMID: 36078380 PMCID: PMC9518491 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severe and critical cases of COVID-19 had high mortality rates. Clinical features, laboratory data, and radiological features provided important references for the assessment of COVID-19 severity. The machine learning analysis of clinico-radiological features, especially the quantitative computed tomography (CT) image analysis results, may achieve early, accurate, and fine-grained assessment of COVID-19 severity, which is an urgent clinical need. OBJECTIVE To evaluate if machine learning algorithms using CT-based clinico-radiological features could achieve the accurate fine-grained assessment of COVID-19 severity. METHODS The clinico-radiological features were collected from 78 COVID-19 patients with different severities. A neural network was developed to automatically measure the lesion volume from CT images. The severity was clinically diagnosed using two-type (severe and non-severe) and fine-grained four-type (mild, regular, severe, critical) classifications, respectively. To investigate the key features of COVID-19 severity, statistical analyses were performed between patients' clinico-radiological features and severity. Four machine learning algorithms (decision tree, random forest, SVM, and XGBoost) were trained and applied in the assessment of COVID-19 severity using clinico-radiological features. RESULTS The CT imaging features (CTscore and lesion volume) were significantly related with COVID-19 severity (p < 0.05 in statistical analysis for both in two-type and fine-grained four-type classifications). The CT imaging features significantly improved the accuracy of machine learning algorithms in assessing COVID-19 severity in the fine-grained four-type classification. With CT analysis results added, the four-type classification achieved comparable performance to the two-type one. CONCLUSIONS CT-based clinico-radiological features can provide an important reference for the accurate fine-grained assessment of illness severity using machine learning to achieve the early triage of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Liu
- Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Yayuan Geng
- Scientific Research Department, HY Medical Technology, B-2 Building, Dongsheng Science Park, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Kunwei Li
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Han Wu
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Streatham Campus, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Xiangfei Chai
- Scientific Research Department, HY Medical Technology, B-2 Building, Dongsheng Science Park, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Shaolin Li
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Dingchang Zheng
- Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
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38
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Chandna A, Mahajan R, Gautam P, Mwandigha L, Gunasekaran K, Bhusan D, Cheung ATL, Day N, Dittrich S, Dondorp A, Geevar T, Ghattamaneni SR, Hussain S, Jimenez C, Karthikeyan R, Kumar S, Kumar S, Kumar V, Kundu D, Lakshmanan A, Manesh A, Menggred C, Moorthy M, Osborn J, Richard-Greenblatt M, Sharma S, Singh VK, Singh VK, Suri J, Suzuki S, Tubprasert J, Turner P, Villanueva AMG, Waithira N, Kumar P, Varghese GM, Koshiaris C, Lubell Y, Burza S. Facilitating Safe Discharge Through Predicting Disease Progression in Moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Prospective Cohort Study to Develop and Validate a Clinical Prediction Model in Resource-Limited Settings. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:e368-e379. [PMID: 35323932 PMCID: PMC9129107 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In locations where few people have received coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, health systems remain vulnerable to surges in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Tools to identify patients suitable for community-based management are urgently needed. METHODS We prospectively recruited adults presenting to 2 hospitals in India with moderate symptoms of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 to develop and validate a clinical prediction model to rule out progression to supplemental oxygen requirement. The primary outcome was defined as any of the following: SpO2 < 94%; respiratory rate > 30 BPM; SpO2/FiO2 < 400; or death. We specified a priori that each model would contain three clinical parameters (age, sex, and SpO2) and 1 of 7 shortlisted biochemical biomarkers measurable using commercially available rapid tests (C-reactive protein [CRP], D-dimer, interleukin 6 [IL-6], neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], procalcitonin [PCT], soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1 [sTREM-1], or soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor [suPAR]), to ensure the models would be suitable for resource-limited settings. We evaluated discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility of the models in a held-out temporal external validation cohort. RESULTS In total, 426 participants were recruited, of whom 89 (21.0%) met the primary outcome; 257 participants comprised the development cohort, and 166 comprised the validation cohort. The 3 models containing NLR, suPAR, or IL-6 demonstrated promising discrimination (c-statistics: 0.72-0.74) and calibration (calibration slopes: 1.01-1.05) in the validation cohort and provided greater utility than a model containing the clinical parameters alone. CONCLUSIONS We present 3 clinical prediction models that could help clinicians identify patients with moderate COVID-19 suitable for community-based management. The models are readily implementable and of particular relevance for locations with limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Chandna
- Cambodia Oxford Medical Research Unit, Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Priyanka Gautam
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Lazaro Mwandigha
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Divendu Bhusan
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Arthur T L Cheung
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicholas Day
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sabine Dittrich
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Foundation for Innovative Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arjen Dondorp
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tulasi Geevar
- Department of Transfusion Medicine & Immunohaematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | | | | | - Rohini Karthikeyan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Shiril Kumar
- Department of Virology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | | | - Debasree Kundu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Abi Manesh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Chonticha Menggred
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mahesh Moorthy
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | | | - Sadhana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Veena K Singh
- Department of Burns & Plastic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | | | | | - Shuichi Suzuki
- School of Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jaruwan Tubprasert
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paul Turner
- Cambodia Oxford Medical Research Unit, Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Naomi Waithira
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pragya Kumar
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Indiaand
| | - George M Varghese
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Constantinos Koshiaris
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yoel Lubell
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakib Burza
- Médecins Sans Frontières, New Delhi, India
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Hasan RR, Saleque AM, Anwar AB, Rahman MA, Tsang YH. Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Based On-Body Patch Antenna for Detecting COVID-19-Affected Lungs. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:28265-28274. [PMID: 35983370 PMCID: PMC9380818 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel rectangular patch antenna based on multiwall carbon nanotubes has been designed and developed for assisting the initial detection of COVID-19-affected lungs. Due to their highly conductive nature, each nanotube echoes electromagnetic waves in a unique manner, influencing the increase in bandwidth. The proposed antenna operates at 6.63, 7.291, 7.29, and 7.22 GHz with a higher bandwidth classified as an ultrawide band and can be used on a human body phantom model because of its flexibility and decreased radiation qualities. Flame retardant 4 is chosen as a substrate with a uniform thickness of 1.62 mm due to its inexpensive cost and excellent electrical properties. The maximum specific absorption rate of the proposed antenna is obtained as 1.77 W/kg for 10 g of tissues. For testing purposes, a model including all the known features of COVID-19-affected lungs is developed. The designed antenna exhibits excellent performance in free space, normal lungs, and affected lung environments. It might be utilized as a first screening device for COVID-19 patients, especially in resource-constrained areas where traditional medical equipment such as X-ray and computerized tomography scans are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Rashidul Hasan
- Department
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Mortuza Saleque
- Department
of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen
Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University, Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Afrin Binte Anwar
- Department
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdur Rahman
- Department
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Yuen Hong Tsang
- Department
of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen
Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University, Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong, People’s
Republic of China
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Wang L, Gao Y, Zhang ZJ, Pan CK, Wang Y, Zhu YC, Qi YP, Xie FJ, Du X, Li NN, Chen PF, Yue CS, Wu JH, Wang XT, Tang YJ, Lai QQ, Kang K. Comparison of demographic features and laboratory parameters between COVID-19 deceased patients and surviving severe and critically ill cases. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:8161-8169. [PMID: 36159523 PMCID: PMC9403670 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i23.8161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been far more devastating than expected, showing no signs of slowing down at present. Heilongjiang Province is the most northeastern province of China, and has cold weather for nearly half a year and an annual temperature difference of more than 60ºC, which increases the underlying morbidity associated with pulmonary diseases, and thus leads to lung dysfunction. The demographic features and laboratory parameters of COVID-19 deceased patients in Heilongjiang Province, China with such climatic characteristics are still not clearly illustrated.
AIM To illustrate the demographic features and laboratory parameters of COVID-19 deceased patients in Heilongjiang Province by comparing with those of surviving severe and critically ill cases.
METHODS COVID-19 deceased patients from different hospitals in Heilongjiang Province were included in this retrospective study and compared their characteristics with those of surviving severe and critically ill cases in the COVID-19 treatment center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. The surviving patients were divided into severe group and critically ill group according to the Diagnosis and Treatment of New Coronavirus Pneumonia (the seventh edition). Demographic data were collected and recorded upon admission. Laboratory parameters were obtained from the medical records, and then compared among the groups.
RESULTS Twelve COVID-19 deceased patients, 27 severe cases and 26 critically ill cases were enrolled in this retrospective study. No differences in age, gender, and number of comorbidities between groups were found. Neutrophil percentage (NEUT%), platelet (PLT), C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), serum troponin I (TNI) and brain natriuretic peptides (BNP) showed significant differences among the groups (P = 0.020, P = 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). The increase of CRP, D-dimer and NEUT% levels, as well as the decrease of lymphocyte count (LYMPH) and PLT counts, showed significant correlation with death of COVID-19 patients (P = 0.023, P = 0.008, P = 0.045, P = 0.020, P = 0.015, respectively).
CONCLUSION Compared with surviving severe and critically ill cases, no special demographic features of COVID-19 deceased patients were observed, while some laboratory parameters including NEUT%, PLT, CRP, CK-MB, TNI and BNP showed significant differences. COVID-19 deceased patients had higher CRP, D-dimer and NEUT% levels and lower LYMPH and PLT counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhao-Jin Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Yichun Forestry Administration Central Hospital, Yichun 153000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chang-Kun Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Jiamusi Cancer Hospital, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People Hospital of Mudanjiang City, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Hongxinglong Hospital of Beidahuang Group, Shuangyashan 155811, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yan-Peng Qi
- Department of Cardiology, The Hongxinglong Hospital of Beidahuang Group, Shuangyashan 155811, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Feng-Jie Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xue Du
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Na-Na Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Peng-Fei Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chuang-Shi Yue
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ji-Han Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xin-Tong Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yu-Jia Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Qi-Qi Lai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Kai Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Chavez S, Brady WJ, Gottlieb M, Carius BM, Liang SY, Koyfman A, Long B. Clinical update on COVID-19 for the emergency clinician: Airway and resuscitation. Am J Emerg Med 2022; 58:43-51. [PMID: 35636042 PMCID: PMC9106422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in millions of cases worldwide. As the pandemic has progressed, the understanding of this disease has evolved. OBJECTIVE This narrative review provides emergency clinicians with a focused update of the resuscitation and airway management of COVID-19. DISCUSSION Patients with COVID-19 and septic shock should be resuscitated with buffered/balanced crystalloids. If hypotension is present despite intravenous fluids, vasopressors including norepinephrine should be initiated. Stress dose steroids are recommended for patients with severe or refractory septic shock. Airway management is the mainstay of initial resuscitation in patients with COVID-19. Patients with COVID-19 and ARDS should be managed similarly to those ARDS patients without COVID-19. Clinicians should not delay intubation if indicated. In patients who are more clinically stable, physicians can consider a step-wise approach as patients' oxygenation needs escalate. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) are recommended over elective intubation. Prone positioning, even in awake patients, has been shown to lower intubation rates and improve oxygenation. Strategies consistent with ARDSnet can be implemented in this patient population, with a goal tidal volume of 4-8 mL/kg of predicted body weight and targeted plateau pressures <30 cm H2O. Limited data support the use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NBMA), recruitment maneuvers, inhaled pulmonary vasodilators, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). CONCLUSION This review presents a concise update of the resuscitation strategies and airway management techniques in patients with COVID-19 for emergency medicine clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer Chavez
- The University of Texas at Houston Health Science Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, 6431 Fannin, 2nd Floor JJL, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - William J. Brady
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Michael Gottlieb
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | | | - Stephen Y. Liang
- Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Alex Koyfman
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Brit Long
- SAUSHEC, Emergency Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, United States of America,Corresponding author at: 3841 Roger Brooke Dr, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, United States of America
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Fazzini B, Fowler AJ, Zolfaghari P. Effectiveness of prone position in spontaneously breathing patients with COVID-19: A prospective cohort study. J Intensive Care Soc 2022; 23:362-365. [PMID: 36033244 PMCID: PMC9403525 DOI: 10.1177/1751143721996542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a single centre study describing the effect of awake prone position (PP) on oxygenation and clinical outcomes in spontaneously breathing patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Between 1st March and 30th April 2020, forty eight of 138 patients managed outside of the critical care unit with facemask oxygen, high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), underwent PP. Prone position was associated with significant improvement in oxygenation, lower ICU admission, tracheal intubation, and shorter ICU length of stay. Lack of response to PP may be an indicator of treatment failure, requiring early escalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Fazzini
- Adult Critical Care Unit, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
- Critical Care Outreach Team, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alex J Fowler
- Adult Critical Care Unit, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Parjam Zolfaghari
- Adult Critical Care Unit, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
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Mitchell R, O'Reilly G, Herron LM, Phillips G, Sharma D, Brolan CE, Körver S, Kendino M, Poloniati P, Kafoa B, Cox M. Lessons from the frontline: The value of emergency care processes and data to pandemic responses across the Pacific region. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2022; 25:100515. [PMID: 35818576 PMCID: PMC9259010 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Emergency care (EC) addresses the needs of patients with acute illness and injury, and has fulfilled a critical function during the COVID-19 pandemic. 'Processes' (e.g. triage) and 'data' (e.g. surveillance) have been nominated as essential building blocks for EC systems. This qualitative research sought to explore the impact of the pandemic on EC clinicians across the Pacific region, including the contribution of EC building blocks to effective responses. Methods The study was conducted in three phases, with data obtained from online support forums, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. There were 116 participants from more than 14 Pacific Island Countries and Territories. A phenomenological approach was adopted, incorporating inductive and deductive methods. The deductive thematic analysis utilised previously identified building blocks for Pacific EC. This paper summarises findings for the building blocks of 'processes' and 'data'. Findings Establishing triage and screening capacity, aimed at assessing urgency and transmission risk respectively, were priorities for EC clinicians. Enablers included support from senior hospital leaders, previous disaster experience and consistent guidelines. The introduction of efficient patient flow processes, such as streaming, proved valuable to emergency departments, and checklists and simulation were useful implementation strategies. Some response measures impacted negatively on non-COVID patients, and proactive approaches were required to maintain 'business as usual'. The pandemic also highlighted the value of surveillance and performance data. Interpretation Developing effective processes for triage, screening and streaming, among other areas, was critical to an effective EC response. Beyond the pandemic, strengthening processes and data management capacity will build resilience in EC systems. Funding Phases 1 and 2A of this study were part of an Epidemic Ethics/World Health Organization (WHO) initiative, supported by Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office/Wellcome Grant 214711/Z/18/Z. Co-funding for this research was received from the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine Foundation via an International Development Fund Grant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Mitchell
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Emergency & Trauma Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gerard O'Reilly
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Emergency & Trauma Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lisa-Maree Herron
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Georgina Phillips
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Emergency Department, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Emergency Department, Colonial War Memorial Hospital, Suva, Fiji
| | - Claire E. Brolan
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Policy Futures, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah Körver
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mangu Kendino
- Emergency Department, Port Moresby General Hospital, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | | | - Berlin Kafoa
- Public Health Division, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Suva, Fiji
| | - Megan Cox
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney; NSW, Australia
- The Sutherland Hospital, NSW, Australia
- NSW Ambulance, Sydney, Australia
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Development and Validation of a Multimodal-Based Prognosis and Intervention Prediction Model for COVID-19 Patients in a Multicenter Cohort. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22135007. [PMID: 35808502 PMCID: PMC9269794 DOI: 10.3390/s22135007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability to accurately predict the prognosis and intervention requirements for treating highly infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, can greatly support the effective management of patients, especially in resource-limited settings. The aim of the study is to develop and validate a multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) system using clinical findings, laboratory data and AI-interpreted features of chest X-rays (CXRs), and to predict the prognosis and the required interventions for patients diagnosed with COVID-19, using multi-center data. In total, 2282 real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19 patients’ initial clinical findings, laboratory data and CXRs were retrospectively collected from 13 medical centers in South Korea, between January 2020 and June 2021. The prognostic outcomes collected included intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital mortality. Intervention outcomes included the use of oxygen (O2) supplementation, mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). A deep learning algorithm detecting 10 common CXR abnormalities (DLAD-10) was used to infer the initial CXR taken. A random forest model with a quantile classifier was used to predict the prognostic and intervention outcomes, using multimodal data. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) values for the single-modal model, using clinical findings, laboratory data and the outputs from DLAD-10, were 0.742 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.696−0.788), 0.794 (0.745−0.843) and 0.770 (0.724−0.815), respectively. The AUROC of the combined model, using clinical findings, laboratory data and DLAD-10 outputs, was significantly higher at 0.854 (0.820−0.889) than that of all other models (p < 0.001, using DeLong’s test). In the order of importance, age, dyspnea, consolidation and fever were significant clinical variables for prediction. The most predictive DLAD-10 output was consolidation. We have shown that a multimodal AI model can improve the performance of predicting both the prognosis and intervention in COVID-19 patients, and this could assist in effective treatment and subsequent resource management. Further, image feature extraction using an established AI engine with well-defined clinical outputs, and combining them with different modes of clinical data, could be a useful way of creating an understandable multimodal prediction model.
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Sani S, Shermeh HE. A novel algorithm for detection of COVID-19 by analysis of chest CT images using Hopfield neural network. EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS 2022; 197:116740. [PMID: 35228781 PMCID: PMC8867982 DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2022.116740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widely spread of the COVID-19 virus has put the whole world in jeopardy. At this moment, using new techniques to detect and treat this novel disease is of significance or maybe the first priority of many scientists and researchers throughout the world. PURPOSE To present a new algorithm for detecting the novel coronavirus 2019 using chest CT images with high accuracy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we looked at the newly-presented data and detection methods of this disease using chest CT; then, a new neural network algorithm was presented to recognize the COVID-19 symptoms. A mathematical model is used to enhance the accuracy of masking, and a high accuracy Hopfield Neural Network (HNN) is used for finding symptoms. A dataset of CT scans, including 12 pattern images, was trained by this neural network, and 295CT images from three different datasets were tested via the model. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of the model for detecting COVID-19 in test data were 97.4% (149 of 153) and 98.6% (140 of 142) respectively. Also, the sensitivity and specificity of the model for detecting CAP (community-acquired pneumonia) in test data were 97.3% (106 of 109) and 99.5% (185 of 186) respectively, and, the sensitivity and specificity of the model for detecting non-pneumonia patients were 100% (33 of 33) and 98.5% (258 of 262) respectively. CONCLUSION This new algorithm can potentially help detect the novel Coronavirus patients using CT images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Sani
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Anazodo UC, Adewole M, Dako F. AI for Population and Global Health in Radiology. Radiol Artif Intell 2022; 4:e220107. [PMID: 35923372 PMCID: PMC9344206 DOI: 10.1148/ryai.220107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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Hong C, Zhang HG, L'Yi S, Weber G, Avillach P, Tan BWQ, Gutiérrez-Sacristán A, Bonzel CL, Palmer NP, Malovini A, Tibollo V, Luo Y, Hutch MR, Liu M, Bourgeois F, Bellazzi R, Chiovato L, Sanz Vidorreta FJ, Le TT, Wang X, Yuan W, Neuraz A, Benoit V, Moal B, Morris M, Hanauer DA, Maidlow S, Wagholikar K, Murphy S, Estiri H, Makoudjou A, Tippmann P, Klann J, Follett RW, Gehlenborg N, Omenn GS, Xia Z, Dagliati A, Visweswaran S, Patel LP, Mowery DL, Schriver ER, Samayamuthu MJ, Kavuluru R, Lozano-Zahonero S, Zöller D, Tan ALM, Tan BWL, Ngiam KY, Holmes JH, Schubert P, Cho K, Ho YL, Beaulieu-Jones BK, Pedrera-Jiménez M, García-Barrio N, Serrano-Balazote P, Kohane I, South A, Brat GA, Cai T. Changes in laboratory value improvement and mortality rates over the course of the pandemic: an international retrospective cohort study of hospitalised patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057725. [PMID: 35738646 PMCID: PMC9226470 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess changes in international mortality rates and laboratory recovery rates during hospitalisation for patients hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 between the first wave (1 March to 30 June 2020) and the second wave (1 July 2020 to 31 January 2021) of the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This is a retrospective cohort study of 83 178 hospitalised patients admitted between 7 days before or 14 days after PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within the Consortium for Clinical Characterization of COVID-19 by Electronic Health Record, an international multihealthcare system collaborative of 288 hospitals in the USA and Europe. The laboratory recovery rates and mortality rates over time were compared between the two waves of the pandemic. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was all-cause mortality rate within 28 days after hospitalisation stratified by predicted low, medium and high mortality risk at baseline. The secondary outcome was the average rate of change in laboratory values during the first week of hospitalisation. RESULTS Baseline Charlson Comorbidity Index and laboratory values at admission were not significantly different between the first and second waves. The improvement in laboratory values over time was faster in the second wave compared with the first. The average C reactive protein rate of change was -4.72 mg/dL vs -4.14 mg/dL per day (p=0.05). The mortality rates within each risk category significantly decreased over time, with the most substantial decrease in the high-risk group (42.3% in March-April 2020 vs 30.8% in November 2020 to January 2021, p<0.001) and a moderate decrease in the intermediate-risk group (21.5% in March-April 2020 vs 14.3% in November 2020 to January 2021, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Admission profiles of patients hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 infection did not differ greatly between the first and second waves of the pandemic, but there were notable differences in laboratory improvement rates during hospitalisation. Mortality risks among patients with similar risk profiles decreased over the course of the pandemic. The improvement in laboratory values and mortality risk was consistent across multiple countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Hong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Harrison G Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sehi L'Yi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Griffin Weber
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul Avillach
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bryce W Q Tan
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Clara-Lea Bonzel
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathan P Palmer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alberto Malovini
- Laboratory of Informatics and Systems Engineering for Clinical Research, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Valentina Tibollo
- Laboratory of Informatics and Systems Engineering for Clinical Research, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Meghan R Hutch
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Molei Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Florence Bourgeois
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Riccardo Bellazzi
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Chiovato
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy
| | | | - Trang T Le
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Antoine Neuraz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Hopital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Vincent Benoit
- IT department, Innovation & Data, APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Moal
- IAM unit, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Michele Morris
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David A Hanauer
- Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sarah Maidlow
- MICHR Informatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kavishwar Wagholikar
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shawn Murphy
- Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hossein Estiri
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adeline Makoudjou
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Patric Tippmann
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Jeffery Klann
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert W Follett
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nils Gehlenborg
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gilbert S Omenn
- Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zongqi Xia
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arianna Dagliati
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Shyam Visweswaran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Kansas, USA
| | - Lav P Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Informatics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Danielle L Mowery
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily R Schriver
- Data Analytics Center, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Ramakanth Kavuluru
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sara Lozano-Zahonero
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Zöller
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Amelia L M Tan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Byorn W L Tan
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kee Yuan Ngiam
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - John H Holmes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Petra Schubert
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Miguel Pedrera-Jiménez
- Health Informatics, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia García-Barrio
- Health Informatics, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Serrano-Balazote
- Health Informatics, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Isaac Kohane
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew South
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nephrology, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gabriel A Brat
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - T Cai
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Lim C, Kim J, Kim J, Kang BG, Nam Y. Estimation of respiratory rate in various environments using microphones embedded in face masks. THE JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING 2022; 78:19228-19245. [PMID: 35754514 PMCID: PMC9206076 DOI: 10.1007/s11227-022-04622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wearable health devices and respiratory rates (RRs) have drawn attention to the healthcare domain as it helps healthcare workers monitor patients' health status continuously and in a non-invasive manner. However, to monitor health status outside healthcare professional settings, the reliability of this wearable device needs to be evaluated in complex environments (i.e., public street and transportation). Therefore, this study proposes a method to estimate RR from breathing sounds recorded by a microphone placed inside three types of masks: surgical, a respirator mask (Korean Filter 94), and reusable masks. The Welch periodogram method was used to estimate the power spectral density of the breathing signals to measure the RR. We evaluated the proposed method by collecting data from 10 healthy participants in four different environments: indoor (office) and outdoor (public street, public bus, and subway). The results obtained errors as low as 0% for accuracy and repeatability in most cases. This research demonstrated that the acoustic-based method could be employed as a wearable device to monitor RR continuously, even outside the hospital environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhayly Lim
- Department of ICT Convergence, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538 South Korea
| | - Jungyeon Kim
- ICT Convergence Research Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538 South Korea
| | - Jeongseok Kim
- Department of ICT Convergence, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538 South Korea
| | - Byeong-Gwon Kang
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538 South Korea
| | - Yunyoung Nam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538 South Korea
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Faster indicators of chikungunya incidence using Google searches. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010441. [PMID: 35679262 PMCID: PMC9182328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya, a mosquito-borne disease, is a growing threat in Brazil, where over 640,000 cases have been reported since 2017. However, there are often long delays between diagnoses of chikungunya cases and their entry in the national monitoring system, leaving policymakers without the up-to-date case count statistics they need. In contrast, weekly data on Google searches for chikungunya is available with no delay. Here, we analyse whether Google search data can help improve rapid estimates of chikungunya case counts in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We build on a Bayesian approach suitable for data that is subject to long and varied delays, and find that including Google search data reduces both model error and uncertainty. These improvements are largest during epidemics, which are particularly important periods for policymakers. Including Google search data in chikungunya surveillance systems may therefore help policymakers respond to future epidemics more quickly. To respond quickly to disease outbreaks, policymakers need rapid data on the number of new infections. However, for many diseases, such data is very delayed, due to the administrative work required to record each case in a disease surveillance system. This is a problem for data on chikungunya, a mosquito-borne disease which is a growing threat in Brazil. In Rio de Janeiro, delays in chikungunya cases being recorded average four weeks. These delays are sometimes longer and sometimes shorter. In stark contrast to chikungunya data, data on what people are searching for on Google is available almost immediately. People suffering from chikungunya might search on Google for information about the disease. Here, we investigate whether rapidly available Google data can help generate quick estimates of the number of chikungunya cases in Rio de Janeiro in the previous week. Our model uses a Bayesian methodology to help account for the varying delays in the chikungunya data. We show that including Google search data in the model reduces both the error and uncertainty of the chikungunya case count estimates, in particular during epidemics. Our method could be used to help policymakers to respond more quickly to future chikungunya epidemics.
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Peng J, Li Q, Dong J, Yuan G, Wang D. Case Report: The Experience of Managing a Moderate ARDS Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 Variant in Chongqing, China: Can We Do Better? Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:921135. [PMID: 35755038 PMCID: PMC9218179 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.921135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still raging worldwide, and the Omicron BA.2 variant has become the new circulating epidemic strain. However, our understanding of the Omicron BA.2 variant is still scarce. This report aims to present a case of a moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron BA.2 variant and to discuss some management strategies that may benefit this type of case. Case Presentation A 78-year-old man, who had four negative nucleic acid tests and a fifth positive, was admitted to our hospital. This patient was generally good upon admission and tested negative for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies even after receiving two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. On the 7th day of hospitalization, he developed a moderate ARDS. Improved inflammatory index and decreased oxygen index were primarily found in this patient, and a series of treatments, including anti-inflammation and oxygen therapies, were used. Then this patient's condition improved soon and reached two negative results of nucleic acid tests on the 18th day of hospitalization. Conclusion At-home COVID-19 rapid antigen test could be complementary to existing detection methods, and the third booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine may be advocated in the face of the omicron BA.2 variant. Anti-inflammatory and oxygen therapies are still essential treatments for ARDS patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoli Li
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Guodan Yuan
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Daoxin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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