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Htun YM, Maung NL, Ko DK, Htut HM, Phyo MK, Aung WL, Zaw HK, Min AK, Kyaw AP, Swe T, Zaw KK, Win KSN, Ko KK, Thaw KM, Aung SP, Aung SY, Htun SS, Paing SH, Htun SL, Naing ZM, Htun ZK, Naung H, Oo HH, Hla NY, San AK, Myat HM, Htet PS, Mon MK, Paing YM, Phyo WL, Paing WK, Rein T, Oo TL, Zaw TP, Oo TL, Thu TM, Aung TT, Soe HH, Soe AK, Oo AM, Aung A, Aung PP, Kyaw HA, Kyaw HP, Soe YNM, Ko MM, Aung ZK, Aung KT, Lwin YPC, Yan W, Soe PT, Htet ZL, Sint NH, Aung Z, Winn ZT, Thu KS, Shan NH, Htun NS, Win TT, Tun KM. Adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures among residents in selected townships, Yangon Region, Myanmar: a community-based cross-sectional study. Trop Med Health 2024; 52:36. [PMID: 38734710 PMCID: PMC11088027 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-024-00603-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To fight the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, many countries have implemented various mitigation measures to contain the spread of the disease. By engaging with health service providers, the community's participation in adherence to preventive measures is certainly required in the implementation of COVID-19 mitigation strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures and its associated factors among the residents, Yangon Region, Myanmar. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 636 residents in Yangon Region, Myanmar, from October to December 2021. A multistage non-probability sampling method, purposively selected for three townships in Yangon Region and convenience sampling for 212 participants from each township, was applied and the data were collected by face-to-face interviews using structured and pretested questionnaires. Data were entered, coded, and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25.0. Simple and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the significant variables of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. RESULTS As a level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures, the proportion of residents who had good adherence was 39.3% (95% CI 35.5-43.2%), moderate adherence was 37.6% (95% CI 33.8-41.5%), and poor adherence was 23.1% (95% CI 19.9-26.6%). The age group of 31-40 years (AOR: 3.13, 95% CI 1.62-6.05), 30 years and younger (AOR: 3.22, 95% CI 1.75-5.92), Burmese ethnicity (AOR: 2.52, 95% CI 1.44-4.39), own business (AOR: 3.19, 95% CI 1.15-8.87), high school education level and below (AOR: 1.64, 95% CI 1.02-2.69), less than 280.90 USD of monthly family income (AOR: 1.51, 95% CI 1.01-2.29), low knowledge about COVID-19 (AOR: 1.90, 95% CI 1.26-2.88) were significantly associated with poor adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. CONCLUSIONS In this study, nearly one-fourth of the residents were experiencing poor adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. Therefore, building up the risk communication through the community using widely used mainstream media, the continuation of disease surveillance and announcement of updated information or advice for the public to increase awareness towards COVID-19, and enforcement to follow the recommended directions and regulations of health institutions are vital to consider for improving the adherence to preventive measures against COVID-19 among the residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Minn Htun
- Department of Prevention and Research Development of Hepatitis, AIDS and Other Viral Diseases, Health and Disease Control Unit, Nay Pyi Taw, 15011, Myanmar.
| | - Nyan Lin Maung
- Department of Research and Development, Defence Services Medical School, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Dwe Kyaw Ko
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Han Myo Htut
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Min Khant Phyo
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Wai Lynn Aung
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Hein Khant Zaw
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Aung Kyaw Min
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Aung Phyo Kyaw
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Thet Swe
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Kaung Khant Zaw
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Kyaw Swar Naing Win
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Khant Ko Ko
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Khant Min Thaw
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Saw Pyae Aung
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Saw Yan Aung
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Soe San Htun
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Soe Htet Paing
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Soe Lin Htun
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Zaw Myo Naing
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Zin Ko Htun
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Htoo Naung
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Htun Htun Oo
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Naing Ye Hla
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Aung Kyaw San
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Hpone Myint Myat
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Phone Shan Htet
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Min Khant Mon
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Ye Myat Paing
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Wai Lin Phyo
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Win Khant Paing
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Thu Rein
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Thit Lwin Oo
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Thet Paing Zaw
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Thet Lynn Oo
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Thint Myat Thu
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Than Toe Aung
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Hein Htet Soe
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Aung Kyaw Soe
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Aung Myint Oo
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Aung Aung
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Pyae Phyo Aung
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Htun Aung Kyaw
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Hpone Pji Kyaw
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Yan Naing Myint Soe
- Department of Prevention and Research Development of Hepatitis, AIDS and Other Viral Diseases, Health and Disease Control Unit, Nay Pyi Taw, 15011, Myanmar
| | - Myint Myat Ko
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Zin Ko Aung
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Kyaw Thiha Aung
- Department of Prevention and Research Development of Hepatitis, AIDS and Other Viral Diseases, Health and Disease Control Unit, Nay Pyi Taw, 15011, Myanmar
| | - Yan Paing Chit Lwin
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Wai Yan
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Phyo Tayza Soe
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Zin Linn Htet
- Department of Prevention and Research Development of Hepatitis, AIDS and Other Viral Diseases, Health and Disease Control Unit, Nay Pyi Taw, 15011, Myanmar
| | - Nay Hein Sint
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Zayar Aung
- Department of Prevention and Research Development of Hepatitis, AIDS and Other Viral Diseases, Health and Disease Control Unit, Nay Pyi Taw, 15011, Myanmar
| | - Zin Thu Winn
- Department of Prevention and Research Development of Hepatitis, AIDS and Other Viral Diseases, Health and Disease Control Unit, Nay Pyi Taw, 15011, Myanmar
| | - Kaung Si Thu
- Department of Prevention and Research Development of Hepatitis, AIDS and Other Viral Diseases, Health and Disease Control Unit, Nay Pyi Taw, 15011, Myanmar
| | - Nyan Htet Shan
- Outpatient Department, No. 1 Military Hospital (500 Bedded), Meiktila, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Nyan Sint Htun
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Tun Tun Win
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Kyaw Myo Tun
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
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Gotra M, Lindberg K, Jasinski N, Scarisbrick D, Reilly S, Perle J, Miller L, Mahoney Iii J. Changes in the Clinical Practice of Mental Health Service Providers Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Questionnaire Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e50303. [PMID: 38683653 PMCID: PMC11060325 DOI: 10.2196/50303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the practices of most mental health providers and resulted in a rapid transition to providing telemental health services, changes that were likely related to stay-at-home policies as well as increased need for services. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine whether these changes to practice have been sustained over time throughout the course of the COVID-19 pandemic and whether there are differences among mental health provider type and setting. We hypothesized that there would be an increase in the number of patients seen in person after the initial surge of the pandemic in spring 2020 and subsequent discontinuation of stay-at-home policies, though with continued implementation of telemental health services across settings. METHODS This study surveyed 235 of the 903 mental health providers who responded to a survey in spring 2020 (Time point 1) and at a 1-year follow-up in spring 2021 (Time point 2). Differences in practice adjustments, factors related to telemental health, and number of patients seen were examined across provider type (social worker, psychologist, neuropsychologist) and setting (academic medical center [AMC], community mental health, private practice, and Veterans Affairs hospital). RESULTS From Time point 1 to Time point 2, there was a small but significant increase in the overall number of providers who were implementing telehealth (191/235, 81% to 204/235, 87%, P=.01) and there was a significant decline in canceled or rescheduled appointments (25%-50% in 2020 to 3%-7% in 2021, P<.001). Psychologists and providers working at AMCs reported decreased difficulty with telehealth implementation (P<.001), and providers working at AMCs and in private practice settings indicated they were more likely to continue telehealth services beyond spring 2021 (P<.001). The percent of time working remotely decreased overall (78% to 59%, P<.001), which was most notable among neuropsychologists and providers working at an AMC. There was an overall increase in the average number of patients seen in person per week compared with earlier in the pandemic (mean 4.3 to 8.7, P<.001), with no change in the number of patients seen via telehealth (mean 9.7 to 9.9, P=.66). CONCLUSIONS These results show that the rapid transition to telemental health at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020 was sustained over the next year, despite an overall increase in the number of patients seen in person. Although more providers reported returning to working on-site, over 50% of providers continued to use a hybrid model, and many providers reported they would be more likely to continue telemental health beyond spring 2021. This suggests the continued importance and reliance on telemental health services beyond the acute pandemic phase and has implications for future policies regulating the availability of telemental health services to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Gotra
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | | | - Nicholas Jasinski
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - David Scarisbrick
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Shannon Reilly
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jonathan Perle
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Liv Miller
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - James Mahoney Iii
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Jin L, Ye M, Lin W, Ye Y, Chuang YC, Luo JY, Tang F. Identification of key potential infection processes and risk factors in the computed tomography examination process by FMEA method under COVID-19. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:257. [PMID: 38395803 PMCID: PMC10893727 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the key infection processes and risk factors in Computed Tomography (CT) examination process within the standard prevention and control measures for the COVID-19 epidemic, aiming to mitigate cross-infection occurrences in the hospital. METHOD The case hospital has assembled a team of 30 experts specialized in CT examination. Based on the CT examination process, the potential failure modes were assessed from the perspective of severity (S), occurrence probability (O), and detectability (D); they were then combined with corresponding risk prevention measures. Finally, key infection processes and risk factors were identified according to the risk priority number (RPN) and expert analysis. RESULTS Through the application of RPN and further analysis, four key potential infection processes were identified, including "CT request form (A1)," "during the scan of CT patient (B2)," "CT room and objects disposal (C2)," and "medical waste (garbage) disposal (C3)". In addition, eight key risk factors were also identified, including "cleaning personnel does not wear masks normatively (C32)," "nurse does not select the vein well, resulting in extravasation of the peripheral vein for enhanced CT (B25)," "patient cannot find the CT room (A13)," "patient has obtained a CT request form but does not know the procedure (A12)," "patient is too unwell to continue with the CT scan (B24)," "auxiliary staff (or technician) does not have a good grasp of the sterilization and disinfection standards (C21)," "auxiliary staff (or technician) does not sterilize the CT machine thoroughly (C22)," and "cleaning personnel lacks of knowledge of COVID-19 prevention and control (C33)". CONCLUSION Hospitals can publicize the precautions regarding CT examination through various channels, reducing the incidence of CT examination failure. Hospitals' cleaning services are usually outsourced, and the educational background of the staff employed in these services is generally not high. Therefore, during training and communication, it is more necessary to provide a series of scope and training programs that are aligned with their understanding level. The model developed in this study effectively identifies the key infection prevention process and critical risk factors, enhancing the safety of medical staff and patients. This has significant research implications for the potential epidemic of major infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Jin
- Radiology department, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meiting Ye
- Radiology department, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhua Lin
- Radiology department, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Ye
- Institute of Public Health and Emergency Management, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
- Business College, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yen-Ching Chuang
- Institute of Public Health and Emergency Management, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Business College, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of evidence-based Radiology of Taizhou, Linhai, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jin-Yan Luo
- Institute for Hospital Management, Tsing Hua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Fuqin Tang
- Nursing Department, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China.
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4
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Wang YY, Zhang WW, Lu ZX, Sun JL, Jing MX. Optimal resource allocation model for COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:200. [PMID: 38355468 PMCID: PMC10865525 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A lack of health resources is a common problem after the outbreak of infectious diseases, and resource optimization is an important means to solve the lack of prevention and control capacity caused by resource constraints. This study systematically evaluated the similarities and differences in the application of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) resource allocation models and analyzed the effects of different optimal resource allocations on epidemic control. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted of CNKI, WanFang, VIP, CBD, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase for articles published from January 1, 2019, through November 23, 2023. Two reviewers independently evaluated the quality of the included studies, extracted and cross-checked the data. Moreover, publication bias and sensitivity analysis were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 22 articles were included for systematic review; in the application of optimal allocation models, 59.09% of the studies used propagation dynamics models to simulate the allocation of various resources, and some scholars also used mathematical optimization functions (36.36%) and machine learning algorithms (31.82%) to solve the problem of resource allocation; the results of the systematic review show that differential equation modeling was more considered when testing resources optimization, the optimization function or machine learning algorithm were mostly used to optimize the bed resources; the meta-analysis results showed that the epidemic trend was obviously effectively controlled through the optimal allocation of resources, and the average control efficiency was 0.38(95%CI 0.25-0.51); Subgroup analysis revealed that the average control efficiency from high to low was health specialists 0.48(95%CI 0.37-0.59), vaccines 0.47(95%CI 0.11-0.82), testing 0.38(95%CI 0.19-0.57), personal protective equipment (PPE) 0.38(95%CI 0.06-0.70), beds 0.34(95%CI 0.14-0.53), medicines and equipment for treatment 0.32(95%CI 0.12-0.51); Funnel plots and Egger's test showed no publication bias, and sensitivity analysis suggested robust results. CONCLUSION When the data are insufficient and the simulation time is short, the researchers mostly use the constructor for research; When the data are relatively sufficient and the simulation time is long, researchers choose differential equations or machine learning algorithms for research. In addition, our study showed that control efficiency is an important indicator to evaluate the effectiveness of epidemic prevention and control. Through the optimization of medical staff and vaccine allocation, greater prevention and control effects can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yuan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Urumqi, China
| | - Wei-Wen Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Urumqi, China
| | - Ze-Xi Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Urumqi, China
| | - Jia-Lin Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China.
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Urumqi, China.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ming-Xia Jing
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China.
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Urumqi, China.
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Kapoor V, Briese T, Ranjan A, Donovan WM, Mansukhani MM, Chowdhary R, Lipkin WI. Validation of the VirCapSeq-VERT system for differential diagnosis, detection, and surveillance of viral infections. J Clin Microbiol 2024; 62:e0061223. [PMID: 38095845 PMCID: PMC10793283 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00612-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Broad range assay for accurate and sensitive diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kapoor
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Rabindranath Tagore University, Bhopal, India
| | - Thomas Briese
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amit Ranjan
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - William M. Donovan
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mahesh M. Mansukhani
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons,Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - W. Ian Lipkin
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons,Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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6
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Chen J, Pan L, Lu Y, Zhang T, Xu D, Yan S, Ouyang Z. Evolution of global scientific collaboration in mRNA vaccine research: Insights from bibliometric and social network analysis (2010~2023). Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2276624. [PMID: 37964602 PMCID: PMC10653775 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2276624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of mRNA vaccines has witnessed rapid development in recent years, leading to significant changes in global scientific collaboration. In this study, a bibliometric and social network analysis was conducted to reveal the evolution of global scientific collaboration in mRNA vaccine research. Altogether 6974 articles published since 2010 were retrieved and categorized into Period 1 (2010-2019), Period 2 (2020-2021) and Period 3 (2022-2023). During Period 2 and 3, there was a significant rise in the proportion of publications involving domestic inter-institutional cooperation (42.0%, 54.0% and 59.1%, respectively in Period 1, 2, and 3), while a significant decrease in international cooperation (32.1%, 23.7% and 21.0%). More countries participated in international collaboration during Period 2 and 3, with the US, the UK and Germany remaining top three throughout all periods, while some other countries like Italy, Japan, and China experiencing significant shifts. Significant correlations between collaboration type and publication impact and between geographical distance and collaborative publication counts were detected. Furthermore, significant changes in research focuses and institutions that are major contributors in the mRNA vaccine development have been observed. In conclusion, the mRNA vaccine field has experienced rapid development over the past decade, with significant evolutions of global scientific collaboration detected in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Institute of Medical Information/Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lizi Pan
- Institute of Medical Information/Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Institute of Medical Information/Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute of Medical Information/Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongzi Xu
- Institute of Medical Information/Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Yan
- Institute of Medical Information/Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaolian Ouyang
- Institute of Medical Information/Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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7
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Torki E, Gharezade A, Doroudchi M, Sheikhi S, Mansury D, Sullman MJM, Fouladseresht H. The kinetics of inhibitory immune checkpoints during and post-COVID-19: the knowns and unknowns. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:3299-3319. [PMID: 37697158 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01188-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is tightly regulated to prevent immune reactions to self-antigens and to avoid excessive immune responses during and after challenges from non-self-antigens. Inhibitory immune checkpoints (IICPs), as the major regulators of immune system responses, are extremely important for maintaining the homeostasis of cells and tissues. However, the high and sustained co-expression of IICPs in chronic infections, under persistent antigenic stimulations, results in reduced immune cell functioning and more severe and prolonged disease complications. Furthermore, IICPs-mediated interactions can be hijacked by pathogens in order to evade immune induction or effector mechanisms. Therefore, IICPs can be potential targets for the prognosis and treatment of chronic infectious diseases. This is especially the case with regards to the most challenging infectious disease of recent times, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), whose long-term complications can persist long after recovery. This article reviews the current knowledge about the kinetics and functioning of the IICPs during and post-COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensiye Torki
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arezou Gharezade
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shima Sheikhi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Davood Mansury
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mark J M Sullman
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Hamed Fouladseresht
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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8
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Endriyas M, Woldemariam B, Shibru E, Hussen M, Bedru B, Moges M, Melka M, Lemango F, Mate M, Lejiso T, Gebremedhin B, Tolcha A, Shiferaw B, Wondimu G, Terefe T, Ayele S, Misganaw T, Samuel T, Kelaye T, Gebru A, Assefa A, Getachew W, Yalew B, Geleta D. Readiness of public schools before reopening during COVID-19 pandemic: School-based cross-sectional survey in southern Ethiopia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293722. [PMID: 37906545 PMCID: PMC10617685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND School closures in response to the COVID-19 impacted children's education, protection, and wellbeing. After understanding these impacts and that children were not super spreaders, countries including Ethiopia decided to reopen schools with specified preconditions. But when deciding to reopen schools, the benefits and risks across education, public health and socio-economic factors have to be evaluated. However, there was information gap on status of schools as per preconditions. Hence, this study was designed to investigate status of schools in Southern Ethiopia. METHODS School based cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2020 in Southern Ethiopia. Sample of 430 schools were included. National school reopening guideline was used to develop checklist for assessment. Data was collected by public health experts at regional emergency operation center. Descriptive analysis was performed to summarize data. RESULTS A total of 430 schools were included. More than two thirds, 298 (69.3%), of schools were from rural areas while 132 (30.7%) were from urban settings. The general infection prevention and water, sanitation and hygiene (IPC-WASH) status of schools were poor and COVID-19 specific preparations were inadequate to meet national preconditions to reopen schools during the pandemic. Total score from 24 items observed ranged from 3 to 22 points with mean score of 11.75 (SD±4.02). No school scored 100% and only 41 (9.5%) scored above 75% while 216 (50.2%%) scored below half point that is 12 items. CONCLUSION Both the basic and COVID-19 specific IPC-WASH status of schools were inadequate to implement national school reopening preconditions and general standards. Some of strategies planned to accommodate teaching process and preconditions maximized inequalities in education. Although COVID-19 impact lessened due to vaccination and other factors, it is rational to consider fulfilling water and basic sanitation facilities to schools to prevent communicable diseases of public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misganu Endriyas
- Health Research and Technology Transfer Directorate, SNNPR Health Bureau, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Belete Woldemariam
- Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Directorate, SNNPR Health Bureau, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | | | - Mamush Hussen
- Public Health Institute Director Office, SNNPR Health Bureau, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Bersabeh Bedru
- Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Directorate, SNNPR Health Bureau, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Mathewos Moges
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Mintesinot Melka
- Public Health Institute Director Office, SNNPR Health Bureau, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Fiseha Lemango
- Health Research and Technology Transfer Directorate, SNNPR Health Bureau, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Male Mate
- Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Directorate, SNNPR Health Bureau, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Lejiso
- Maternal, Child Health and Nutrition Directorate, SNNPR Health Bureau, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Biruk Gebremedhin
- Health Research and Technology Transfer Directorate, SNNPR Health Bureau, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Alemu Tolcha
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Biniam Shiferaw
- Medical Services Directorate, SNNPR Health Bureau, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Wondimu
- Public Health Laboratory Directorate, SNNPR Health Bureau, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfatsion Terefe
- Public Health Emergency Management, Southwest Ethiopia Health Bureau, Tercha, Southwest Ethiopia, Ethiopia
| | - Sinafikish Ayele
- Health Research and Technology Transfer Directorate, SNNPR Health Bureau, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Tebeje Misganaw
- Health Research and Technology Transfer Directorate, SNNPR Health Bureau, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Teka Samuel
- Health Research and Technology Transfer Directorate, Sidama Regional Health Bureau, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Temesgen Kelaye
- Health Research and Technology Transfer Directorate, SNNPR Health Bureau, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Agegnehu Gebru
- Transform Primary Health Care Project, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Assefa
- Transform Primary Health Care Project, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Wogene Getachew
- Technical Assistant at EOC, SNNPR Health Bureau, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Bereket Yalew
- Technical Assistant at EOC, SNNPR Health Bureau, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Geleta
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
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9
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Hanratty J, Keenan C, O'Connor SR, Leonard R, Chi Y, Ferguson J, Axiaq A, Miller S, Bradley D, Dempster M. Psychological and psychosocial determinants of COVID Health Related Behaviours (COHeRe): An evidence and gap map. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2023; 19:e1336. [PMID: 37361553 PMCID: PMC10286725 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has resulted in illness, deaths and societal disruption on a global scale. Societies have implemented various control measures to reduce transmission of the virus and mitigate its impact. Individual behavioural changes are crucial to the successful implementation of these measures. Common recommended measures to limit risk of infection include frequent handwashing, reducing the frequency of social interactions and the use of face coverings. It is important to identify those factors that can predict the uptake and maintenance of these protective behaviours. Objectives We aimed to identify and map the existing evidence (published and unpublished) on psychological and psychosocial factors that determine uptake and adherence to behaviours aimed at reducing the risk of infection or transmission of COVID-19. Search Methods Our extensive search included electronic databases (n = 12), web searches, conference proceedings, government reports, other repositories including both published peer reviewed, pre-prints and grey literature. The search strategy was built around three concepts of interest including (1) context (terms relating to COVID-19), (2) behaviours of interest and (3) terms related to psychological and psychosocial determinants of COVID Health-Related Behaviours and adherence or compliance with recommended behaviours, to capture both malleable and non-malleable determinants (i.e. determinants that could be changed and those that could not). Selection Criteria This Evidence and Gap Map (EGM) includes all types of studies examining determinants of common recommended behaviours aimed at mitigating human-to-human spread of COVID-19. All potential malleable and non-malleable determinants of one or more behaviours are included in the map. As part of the mapping process, categories are used to group determinants. The mapping categories were based on a previous rapid review by Hanratty 2021. These include: 'behaviour', 'cognition', 'demographics', 'disease', 'emotions', 'health status', 'information', 'intervention', and 'knowledge'. Those not suitable for categorisation in any of these groups are included in the map as 'other' determinants. Data Collection and Analysis Results were imported to a bibliographic reference manager where duplications of identical studies gathered from multiple sources were removed. Data extraction procedures were managed in EPPI-Reviewer software. Information on study type, population, behaviours measured and determinants measured were extracted. We appraised the methodological quality of systematic reviews with AMSTAR-2. We did not appraise the quality of primary studies in this map. Main Results As of 1 June 2022 the EGM includes 1034 records reporting on 860 cross-sectional, 68 longitudinal, 78 qualitative, 25 reviews, 62 interventional, and 39 other studies (e.g., mixed-methods approaches). The map includes studies that measured social distancing (n = 487), masks and face coverings (n = 382), handwashing (n = 308), physical distancing (n = 177), isolation/quarantine (n = 157), respiratory hygiene/etiquette (n = 75), cleaning surfaces (n = 59), and avoiding touching the T-zone (n = 48). There were 333 studies that assessed composite measures of two or more behaviours. The largest cluster of determinants was 'demographics' (n = 730 studies), followed by 'cognition' (n = 496 studies) and determinants categorised as 'other' (n = 447). These included factors such as 'beliefs', 'culture' and 'access to resources'. Less evidence is available for some determinants such as 'interventions' (n = 99 studies), 'information' (n = 101 studies), and 'behaviour' (149 studies). Authors' Conclusions This EGM provides a valuable resource for researchers, policy-makers and the public to access the available evidence on the determinants of various COVID-19 health-related behaviours. The map can also be used to help guide research commissioning, by evidence synthesis teams and evidence intermediaries to inform policy during the ongoing pandemic and potential future outbreaks of COVID-19 or other respiratory infections. Evidence included in the map will be explored further through a series of systematic reviews examining the strength of the associations between malleable determinants and the uptake and maintenance of individual protective behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hanratty
- School of PsychologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
- Centre for Effective ServicesBelfastUK
| | | | | | | | - Yuan Chi
- Cochrane Global AgeingShanghaiChina
| | - Janet Ferguson
- School of PsychologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
- Applied Behaviour Research ClinicUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Ariana Axiaq
- School of PsychologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Sarah Miller
- School of Education, Social Sciences and Social WorkQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
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10
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Zaccagni L, Rinaldo N, Mazzoni G, Mandini S, Masotti S, Toselli S, De Luca F, Gualdi-Russo E. Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 Prevention Measures on Adolescent Growth in Italy. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2101. [PMID: 37510542 PMCID: PMC10379597 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11142101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 infection has caused increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Several strategies have been adopted around the world to prevent its spread. Italy underwent a long lockdown for face-to-face educational activities, which were replaced with online classes. This longitudinal study aimed to analyze the effects of COVID-19 prevention measures on physical growth and body image perception in a sample of Italian adolescents who experienced the pandemic-induced lockdown in 2020. In particular, we wished to ascertain how lifestyle changes had affected their growth rates and health. Special attention was paid to increases in adiposity indicators (BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio) and weight caused by reduced physical activity, and consequent possible dissatisfaction with body image. We assessed the impact of school closures by comparing the annual growth rate and body image perception changes of adolescents (n = 60; age = 11.3 ± 0.4 years) who experienced this isolation with those in the following years who did not experience these restrictions (n = 68; age = 11.4 ± 0.3 years). As a consequence of the lockdown, our results indicate a greater annual growth rate in weight and other indices of adiposity (p < 0.05). As the virus is continuing to evolve and propagate, larger population studies can verify and confirm our findings. In promoting health policy to prevent the ongoing prevalence of obesity in adolescents, an accurate assessment of whether the increase in obesity rates during the pandemic is to be considered a temporary trend is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Zaccagni
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center for Exercise Science and Sports, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Natascia Rinaldo
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center for Exercise Science and Sports, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianni Mazzoni
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center for Exercise Science and Sports, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simona Mandini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center for Exercise Science and Sports, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sabrina Masotti
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center for Exercise Science and Sports, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Toselli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Federica De Luca
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Gualdi-Russo
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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11
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Hernández-Vásquez A, Vargas-Fernández R, Rojas-Roque C. Geographic and Socioeconomic Determinants of Full Coverage COVID-19 Vaccination in Peru: Findings from a National Population-Based Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1195. [PMID: 37515011 PMCID: PMC10385209 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that vaccination coverage against COVID-19 has made great progress in Peru, there is still a quarter of the population that has not been fully vaccinated. This study aims to determine the factors associated with complete vaccination in Peruvian adults. An analysis of the National Household Survey 2022 in Peru was performed. Prevalence ratios with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated to assess the factors associated with vaccination with three or more doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. A total of 58,471 participants were included in the study and 75.8% of the surveyed population were found to have received full vaccination. Significant differences in complete coverage were observed according to sex, age, educational level, ethnicity, poverty status, and geographic location. In the adjusted analysis, individuals aged 60 years or older, those with higher educational attainment, the non-poor, and those living in urban areas were more likely to be fully vaccinated. Native individuals and people who live in households without media are less likely to be fully covered. These results highlight the importance of considering demographic and socioeconomic factors when analyzing COVID-19 vaccination coverage. Additional strategies are needed to address vaccination gaps and ensure better vaccination coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Hernández-Vásquez
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15024, Peru
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12
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Akter F, Haq A, Godman B, Chowdhury K, Kumar S, Haque M. Impact of Lockdown Measures on Health Outcomes of Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Bangladesh. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081191. [PMID: 37108025 PMCID: PMC10137871 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 lockdown measures appreciably affected patients' lifestyles, negatively impacting on their health. This includes patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Care of these patients was also negatively impacted due to a priority to treat patients with COVID-19, certainly initially, within hospitals and clinics in Bangladesh, combined with a lack of access to clinics and physicians due to lockdown and other measures. This is a concern in Bangladesh with growing rates of T2DM and subsequent complications. Consequently, we sought to critically analyze the situation among patients with T2DM in Bangladesh during the initial stages of the pandemic to address this information gap and provide future direction. Overall, 731 patients were recruited by a simple random sampling method among patients attending hospitals in Bangladesh, with data collected over 3 timescales: before lockdown, during the pandemic, and after lockdown. Data extracted from patients' notes included current prescribed medicines and key parameters, including blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and comorbidities. In addition, the extent of record keeping. The glycemic status of patients deteriorated during lockdown, and comorbidities as well as complications related to T2DM increased during this period. Overall, a significant proportion of key datasets were not recorded in patients' notes by their physician before and during lockdown. This started to change after lockdown measures eased. In conclusion, lockdown measures critically affected the management of patients with T2DM in Bangladesh, building on previous concerns. Extending internet coverage for telemedicine, introduction of structured guidelines, and appreciably increasing data recording during consultations is of the utmost priority to improve the care of T2DM patients in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Akter
- Department of Endocrinology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chattogram 4203, Bangladesh
| | - Ahsanul Haq
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddr, b, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Brian Godman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kona Chowdhury
- Department of Pediatrics, Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medical College, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar 382422, Gujarat, India
| | - Mainul Haque
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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13
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Xu Z, de Melo Ghisi GL, Liu X, Cui L, Grace SL. Impact of omicron wave and associated control measures in Shanghai on health management and psychosocial well-being of patients with chronic conditions. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230674. [PMID: 37009051 PMCID: PMC10052381 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate health management, well-being, and pandemic-related perspectives of chronic disease patients in the context of stringent measures, and associated correlates. A self-report survey was administered during the Omicron wave lockdown in Shanghai, China. Items from the Somatic Symptom Scale (SSS) and Symptom Checklist-90 were administered, as well as pandemic-related items. Overall, 1,775 patients (mostly married females with hypertension) were recruited through a community family physician group. Mean SSS scores were 36.1 ± 10.5/80, with 41.5% scoring in the elevated range (i.e., >36). In an adjusted model, being female, diagnosis of coronary artery disease and arrhythmia, perceived impact of pandemic on life, health condition, change to exercise routine, tolerance of control measures, as well as perception of future and control measures were significantly associated with greater distress. One-quarter perceived the pandemic had a permanent impact on their life, and 44.1% perceived at least a minor impact. One-third discontinued exercise due to the pandemic. While 47.6% stocked up on their medications before the lockdown, their supply was only enough for two weeks; 17.5% of participants discontinued use. Chief among their fears were inability to access healthcare (83.2%), and what they stated they most needed to manage their condition was medication access (65.6%). Since 2020 when we assessed a similar cohort, distress and perceived impact of the pandemic have worsened. Greater access to cardiac rehabilitation in China could address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Xu
- Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Gabriela Lima de Melo Ghisi
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Program, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, M4G 2R6, Canada
| | - Xia Liu
- Chengdu Wanda UPMC Hospital, Chengdu, 610218, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lixian Cui
- Division of Arts and Sciences, NYU Shanghai, 200122, Shanghai, China
| | - Sherry L. Grace
- Faculty of Health, York University, 4700 Keele St, North York, M3J 1P3, Canada
- KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute & Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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14
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Cheshmehzangi A, Su Z, Jin R, Dawodu A, Sedrez M, Pourroostaei Ardakani S, Zou T. Space and social distancing in managing and preventing COVID-19 community spread: An overview. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13879. [PMID: 36845035 PMCID: PMC9940482 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of COVID-19 at a large scale and at a rapid pace indicates the lack of social distancing measures at multiple levels. The individuals are not to be blamed, nor should we assume the early measures were ineffective or not implemented. It is all down to the multiplicity of transmission factors that made the situation more complicated than initially anticipated. Therefore, in facing the COVID-19 pandemic, this overview paper discusses the importance of space in social distancing measures. The methods used to investigate this study are literature review and case study. Many scholarly works have already provided us with evidence-based models that suggest the influential role of social distancing measures in preventing COVID-19 community spread. To further elaborate on this important topic, the aim here is to look at the role of space not only at the individual level but at larger scales of communities, cities, regions, etc. The analysis helps better management of cities during the pandemics such as COVID-19. By reflecting on some of the ongoing research on social distancing, the study concludes with the role of space at multiple scales and how it is central to the practice of social distancing. We need to be more reflective and responsive to achieve earlier control and containment of the disease and the outbreak at the macro level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Cheshmehzangi
- Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham, Ningbo Campus, 199 Taikang East Road, University Park, Ningbo, 315100, China
- Network for Education and Research on Peace and Sustainability (NERPS), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-8530, Japan
| | - Zhaohui Su
- Center on Smart and Connected Health Technologies, Mays Cancer Center, School of Nursing, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Ruoyu Jin
- School of Built Environment and Architecture, Division of Construction, Property and Surveying, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London, SE1 0AA, UK
| | - Ayotunde Dawodu
- School of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Greenwich, Old Royal Naval College, Park Row, London SE10 9LS, UK
| | - Maycon Sedrez
- School of Architecture and Built Environment, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | | | - Tong Zou
- Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham, Ningbo Campus, 199 Taikang East Road, University Park, Ningbo, 315100, China
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15
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Pennington B, Bell S, Wright A, Hill JE. Impact of COVID-19 on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest care processes. JOURNAL OF PARAMEDIC PRACTICE : THE CLINICAL MONTHLY FOR EMERGENCY CARE PROFESSIONALS 2023; 15:74-77. [PMID: 38808076 PMCID: PMC7616022 DOI: 10.12968/jpar.2023.15.2.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Early bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, use of defibrillators (including automated external defibrillators) and timely treatment by emergency medical services are known to increase the chances of survival for a patient experiencing an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA); however, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on this is unclear from examining previous literature. This commentary critically appraises a recent systematic review and meta-analysis which assesses the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on pre-hospital care for OHCA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steve Bell
- Consultant Paramedic; North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust
| | - Adam Wright
- Research Paramedic; North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust
| | - James E Hill
- Senior Research Fellow, University of Central Lancashire, Colne, Lancashire; UK
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16
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Deng J, Zhou F, Hou W, Heybati K, Lohit S, Abbas U, Silver Z, Wong CY, Chang O, Huang E, Zuo QK, Moskalyk M, Ramaraju HB, Heybati S. Prevalence of mental health symptoms in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analysis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1520:53-73. [PMID: 36537131 PMCID: PMC9880764 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its accompanying infection control measures introduced sudden and significant disruptions to the lives of children and adolescents around the world. Given the potential for negative impacts on the mental health of youths as a result of these changes, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep disturbances in children and adolescents during the pandemic. We searched major literature databases for relevant cross-sectional or longitudinal studies that included primary and secondary school students or children and adolescents ≤18 years of age. Prevalence values were extracted, logit-transformed, and pooled. Based on 191 included studies with 1,389,447 children and adolescents, we found the pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep disturbances to be 31%, 31%, and 42%, respectively. Age, grade levels, education levels, gender, geographical regions, and electronics use were correlated with the prevalence of mental health symptoms. The prevalence of mental health symptoms also increased with time, although signs of recovery and stabilization were also observed. Overall, the results from this review demonstrate the need for increased mental health research, monitoring, and intervention for children and adolescents during the current and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Deng
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fangwen Zhou
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenteng Hou
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kiyan Heybati
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic (Rochester), Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Simran Lohit
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Umaima Abbas
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry (Windsor Campus), University of Western Ontario, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zachary Silver
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chi Yi Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine (Waterloo Regional Campus), McMaster University, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oswin Chang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Physician Assistant Education Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Huang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qi Kang Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Faculty of Science, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Myron Moskalyk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harikrishnaa Ba Ramaraju
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Shayan Heybati
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Shimoda H, Nagata T, Ishimaru T, Hino A, Ando H, Muramatsu K, Tateishi S, Tsuji M, Mori K. Personal infection prevention behaviors and campaign to encourage travel during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1037496. [PMID: 36817903 PMCID: PMC9929176 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1037496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Go To Travel campaign in Japan was launched to subsidize travel and accommodation costs for tourists through vouchers that could be used at domestic destinations. Infection prevention behavior can lead to refraining from travel owing to infection concerns; conversely, taking preventive action can promote travel. There is a lack of information about the association between infection prevention behaviors and desire to travel. During a pandemic of infection, there is the difficult challenge of balancing the promotion of infection prevention behavior with economic revitalization. Thus, we examined the relationship between personal infection prevention behaviors and using Go To Travel. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 26,637 workers who responded to a large-scale questionnaire survey about COVID-19 in Japan. We built multilevel logistic regression models adjusted for confounders to assess the association between each personal infection prevention behavior and using Go To Travel. We analyzed the seven infection prevention behavior individually: wearing a mask when among other people; disinfecting hands with alcohol before going indoors; washing hands after using the toilet; gargling upon returning home; opening a window to ventilate a room; carrying an alcohol sanitizer; and disinfecting hands after touching objects outside. Results Among the 26,637 participants, 7,959 (30%) used Go To Travel. For "wearing a mask in the presence of others" and "washing hands after using the toilet," the majority of respondents answered "almost always: 86.5 and 85.6% respectively. Action "carrying alcohol disinfectant" was the least implemented, with 36.9% of respondents saying "almost never." Two of the seven preventive behaviors ("disinfecting hands with alcohol before going indoors" and "carrying alcohol disinfectant") were positively related to using Go To Travel, that is, the more of these actions they took, the more they used Go To Travel (p for trend <0.001). Conclusions To balance pandemic preparedness with economic preparedness, it is also necessary to promote travel when the infection situation is calm. However, since human mobility can be a factor that exacerbates the infection situation, it is necessary to promote more infection prevention behaviors among individuals. We confirmed that Go To Travel users were basically doing a good infection prevention behaviors, but they tended not to wash their hands after touching things or carry alcohol sanitizer. It is necessary to encourage these measures to be taken when traveling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Shimoda
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Nagata
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan,*Correspondence: Tomohisa Nagata ✉
| | - Tomohiro Ishimaru
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Ayako Hino
- Department of Mental Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hajime Ando
- Department of Work Systems and Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Keiji Muramatsu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Tateishi
- Disaster Occupational Health Center, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Mayumi Tsuji
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Koji Mori
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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18
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Oral Manifestations in Children Diagnosed with COVID-19: A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11030288. [PMID: 36766863 PMCID: PMC9914393 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 disease has many symptoms, including fever, dry cough, tachypnea, and shortness of breath, but other symptoms can accompany the disease. The disease can also have oral manifestations. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the oral manifestations of COVID-19 in children and adolescents by summarizing the current knowledge as it was described in various case reports and original articles. A review of the literature was carried out by searching the online databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, between October 2022 and 12 November 2022. For this narrative review, 890 articles from three databases and manual search were screened. Saliva was discovered to be a potential screening tool for the infection with the SARS-CoV-2, although it is most reliable in the first few days of infection. Different alteration of the oral mucosa, such as ulcers, erosions and gingivitis were reported. Oral manifestations accompanied children with COVID-19-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome, Kawasaki disease, thrombocytopenic purpura and erythema multiforme. COVID-19 had an indirect effect on oral harmful habits by decreasing their frequency during the lockdown. Although they occur more rarely, oral manifestations can accompany COVID-19 disease in children and adolescents, and they can be an early sign of the disease.
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Lim S, Sohn M. How to cope with emerging viral diseases: lessons from South Korea's strategy for COVID-19, and collateral damage to cardiometabolic health. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2023; 30:100581. [PMID: 36093123 PMCID: PMC9442269 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
South Korea is a unique country in many aspects in terms of its strategy against the COVID-19 pandemic. From February 2020, the South Korean government adopted active epidemiological investigations, strict isolation of affected patients, and extensive public lockdowns, which were helpful in controlling spread until the end of 2021. This stable situation in South Korea has changed dramatically since the Omicron variant-reportedly less severe but more infective than the original strain-became dominant from January 2022. From mid-February to mid-April 2022, daily cases of COVID-19 in South Korea increased steeply, reaching > 600,000 cases/day: the highest incidence rate in the world at that time. Despite this rapid increase, the South Korean government has eased its preventive strategies progressively, based on the belief in the efficacy of >80% of vaccine coverage in the population. Now, in June 2022, the COVID-19 situation in South Korea is improving. The mortality rate is 0·13%: the lowest among the 30 countries with the highest case counts. High vaccine coverage rate (87·7%), the efficient healthcare system, and active co-operation between private sectors and the central government seem to have contributed to this. However, it should also be noted that the COVID-19 pandemic and its preventive measures have had a negative influence on cardiometabolic profiles in the country. Considering the likelihood of another novel variant of SARS-CoV-2 or new infectious disease emerging in the future, understanding the situation in South Korea and the strategies flexibly adopted by its government could be beneficial for many countries.
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Hamdana AH, Mohsin H, Habib Tharwani Z, Masood W, Furqana AQ, Sohail A, Durdana AR, Ashraf MT, Uddin N, Islam Z, Essar MY, Marzo RR, Habib Z. Monkeypox Virus and Other Emerging Outbreaks: An Overview and Future Perspective. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2023; 60:469580231175437. [PMID: 37190997 DOI: 10.1177/00469580231175437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox (MPX) is a zoonotic disease caused by the MPX virus from the poxviridae family of orthopoxviruses. Typically, endemic in central and west Africa, it has now become a matter of concern since cases have been reported in non-endemic countries around mid-June 2022, especially in the European region, with the transmission not related to travel. The diagnosis is made by PCR testing of the skin lesions. Even though treatment is symptomatic, antiretrovirals, such as tecovirimat, are used in severe cases. Vaccination with second and third generation vaccines is approved for prophylaxis in high risk individuals. Unfortunately, these options of treatment and prevention are only available in high income countries at the moment. This review, through a thorough literature search of articles from 2017 onward, focuses on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, challenges, treatment, prevention and control of MPX virus and how they can be corelated with other viral outbreaks including COVID-19, Acute Hepatitis of unknown origin, Measles and Dengue, to better predict and therefore prevent its transmission. The previous COVID-19 pandemic increased the disease burden on healthcare infrastructure of low-middle income countries, therefore, this recent MPX outbreak calls for a joint effort from healthcare authorities, political figures, and NGOs to combat the disease and prevent its further spread not only in high income but also in middle- and low-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Habiba Mohsin
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Affan Sohail
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Naseer Uddin
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zarmina Islam
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Yasir Essar
- Afghanistan National Charity Organization for Special Diseases, Kabul, Afghanistan
- Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Roy Rillera Marzo
- Department of Community Medicine, International Medical School, Management and Science University, Malaysia
- Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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21
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Al-Jwadi RF, Mills EHA, Torp-Pedersen C, Andersen MP, Jørgensen IM. Consequences of COVID-19-related lockdowns and reopenings on emergency hospitalizations in pediatric patients in Denmark during 2020-2021. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:285-293. [PMID: 36331619 PMCID: PMC9638206 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED There is a considerable burden of children being hospitalized due to infectious diseases worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic provided a unique opportunity to examine effects of worldwide efforts to control spread of infection. We aimed to investigate overall age-specific hospitalizations due to viral and bacterial infections and diseases triggered by respiratory tract infections during and after lockdown. This nationwide register-based observational study included children from 29 days to 17 years old hospitalized in all Danish pediatric emergency departments during the years 2015-2021. Main outcomes were ICD-10 diagnoses for infectious diseases and infection triggered illnesses. Fluctuations in hospitalization events were explored using figures with weekly events per 100,000. Total events followed a predictable pattern during 2015-2019. In 2020-2021, there was a drop in hospital encounters after lockdowns and surge after reopenings. In 2021, there was a surge of hospital encounters in the late summer due to respiratory syncytial virus infections and asthmatic bronchitis mostly in infants from 29 days to 2 years. For the infectious diseases, there was a dramatic decrease in events after lockdowns and immediate increase in cases that followed the same pattern of previous years after reopenings. Bacterial infections, like urinary tract infections, sepsis, and meningitis followed a steady pattern throughout all calendar-years. CONCLUSIONS Nationwide efforts to minimize infectious disease spread like lockdowns have a preventative and period lasting effect but reopenings/reunions result in surges of infectious diseases. This might be due to children not getting immunized steadily thereby increasing the pool of possible hosts for potential viral infections. WHAT IS KNOWN • There is a seasonal fluctuation in viral/respiratory infections in children with higher infection rates in the winter and lower rates in the summer. • RSV infection is a major source of concern. WHAT IS NEW • Major lockdowns and reopenings disrupt the seasonal fluctuations which can result in high surges in infections that increases the burden of children emergency departments and the risk of serious complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rada Faris Al-Jwadi
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | - Inger Merete Jørgensen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark ,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
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22
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Mudenda S, Mukosha M, Godman B, Fadare JO, Ogunleye OO, Meyer JC, Skosana P, Chama J, Daka V, Matafwali SK, Chabalenge B, Witika BA. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccines among Secondary School Pupils in Zambia: Implications for Future Educational and Sensitisation Programmes. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:2141. [PMID: 36560551 PMCID: PMC9784903 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in the closure of schools to slow the spread of the virus across populations, and the administration of vaccines to protect people from severe disease, including school children and adolescents. In Zambia, there is currently little information on the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among school-going children and adolescents despite their inclusion in the vaccination programme. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among secondary school pupils in Lusaka, Zambia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2022 to October 2022. Of the 998 participants, 646 (64.7%) were female, and 127 (12.7%) would accept to be vaccinated. Those who were willing to be vaccinated had better knowledge (68.5% vs. 56.3%) and a positive attitude (79.1% vs. 33.7%) compared to those who were hesitant. Overall, the odds of vaccine acceptance were higher among pupils who had higher knowledge scores (AOR = 11.75, 95% CI: 6.51-21.2), positive attitude scores (AOR = 9.85, 95% CI: 4.35-22.2), and those who knew a friend or relative who had died from COVID-19 (AOR = 3.27, 95% CI: 2.14-5.09). The low vaccine acceptance among pupils is of public health concern, emphasising the need for heightened sensitisation programmes that promote vaccine acceptance among pupils in Zambia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steward Mudenda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Moses Mukosha
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Brian Godman
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Joseph O. Fadare
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ekiti State University College of Medicine, Ado-Ekiti 362103, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti 362103, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka O. Ogunleye
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos 100271, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos 100271, Nigeria
| | - Johanna C. Meyer
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- South African Vaccination and Immunisation and Centre, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Phumzile Skosana
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Jacob Chama
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Victor Daka
- Department of Public Health, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola P.O. Box 71191, Zambia
| | - Scott K. Matafwali
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Billy Chabalenge
- Department of Medicines Control, Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority, Lusaka P.O. Box 31890, Zambia
| | - Bwalya A. Witika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
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23
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Xu Z, Cui L, Ghisi GLDM, Liu X, Grace SL. Older Adults' Attitudes Regarding COVID-19 and Associated Infection Control Measures in Shanghai and Impact on Well-Being. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247275. [PMID: 36555893 PMCID: PMC9784737 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study investigated health management, well-being, and pandemic-related perspectives in Shanghainese adults ≥50 years at the early stages of COVID-19 using a self-report survey in March−April, 2020. Items from the SSS, PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were administered. A total of 1181 primarily married, retired females participated. Many participants had hypertension (44.1%), coronary artery disease (CAD; 17.8%), and diabetes (14.5%). While most (n = 868, 73.5%) were strictly following control measures and perceived they could tolerate >6 months (n = 555, 47.0%) and were optimistic (n = 969, 82.0%). A total of 52 (8.2%) of those with any condition and 19 (3.5%) of those without a condition reported that the pandemic was impacting their health. Somatic symptoms were high (29.4 ± 7.1/36), with sleep/cognitive symptoms highest. Totals of 20.2% and 17.0% of respondents had elevated depressive and anxious symptoms, respectively; greater distress was associated with lower income (p = 0.018), having hypertension (p = 0.001) and CAD (p < 0.001), negative perceptions of global COVID-19 control (p = 0.004), COVID-19 spread (p < 0.001), impact on life/health (p < 0.001), compliance with control measures (p < 0.001), and the toleration of shorter time control measures (p < 0.001) in adjusted analyses. In conclusion, during the initial COVID-19 outbreak, most older adults were optimistic/resilient regarding the epidemic and control measures. However, the distress of older adults was not trivial, particularly in those with health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Xu
- Cardiology Department, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lixian Cui
- Division of Arts and Sciences, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai 200122, China
| | - Gabriela Lima de Melo Ghisi
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Program, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4G 2R6, Canada
| | - Xia Liu
- Chengdu Wanda UPMC Hospital, Chengdu 610218, China
| | - Sherry L. Grace
- Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute & Cardiac Rehabilitation Research, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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24
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Jääskeläinen T, Härkänen T, Haario P, Isosaari E, Lundqvist A. Temporal changes in health-related lifestyle during the COVID-19 epidemic in Finland – a series of cross-sectional surveys. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2130. [DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14574-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Public health recommendations and governmental restrictions during the COVID-19 epidemic have affect everyday life. This study aimed to examine temporal changes in health-related lifestyle and the accumulation of positive and negative changes in the key lifestyle factors (vegetable consumption, leisure-time physical activity, sleeping, alcohol consumption, smoking) in the same individuals among Finnish adults during the epidemic.
Methods
This study was based on a series of cross-sectional surveys conducted between April 2020 and June 2021 to investigate antibody levels for the new coronavirus in the population. In each survey, a random sample of adults (18 to 69 years) from five university hospital regions were invited. A total of 5655 (response rate 32%) responded to the questionnaire including questions on lifestyle changes during epidemic.
Results
On average one-sixth of respondents (17%) reported at least two negative changes in the key lifestyle factors during the study period. An increase in snacking and sleep problems and decrease in leisure-time physical activity and active commuting to work were the most common of individual negative changes. The proportion of negative changes in physical activity increased as the epidemic drags on. In contrast, on average every seventh of the respondents (14%) reported at least two positive lifestyle changes in the key lifestyle factors. The most common individual positive changes were increased consumption of fruit, berries and vegetables and decreased consumption of alcohol. More negative changes were reported on average, when both negative and positive changes in the key lifestyle factors were summed. The most negative changes were reported in the late 2020.
Conclusion
The results of the present study suggest that the lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 epidemic have been diverse being on average more commonly unfavorable than favorable for health. The deteriorated epidemic situation in the late 2020 and, on the other hand, prolonged epidemic predisposed to negative lifestyle changes. Further studies are important to examine whether these changes are maintained over time and to identify the factors that contribute to changes and their accumulation in the same individuals. Health promotion actions are needed to prevent the long-term effects of the epidemic on health and welfare.
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25
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Sobczak M, Pawliczak R. COVID-19 mortality rate determinants in selected Eastern European countries. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2088. [PMCID: PMC9667445 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused increased mortality worldwide. We noticed a tendency for higher number of deaths in Eastern European countries. Therefore, we decided to investigate whether any common factor that might be responsible for the increased COVID-19 mortality exists.
Methods
In our cross-sectional study, we conducted the correlation and multiple regression analysis using R basing on the data gathered in publicly available databases. In the analysis, we included variables such as: number of deaths, number of new cases, number of hospitalizations, number of ICU (intensive care units) patients, number of vaccinations, number of boosters, number of fully vaccinated individuals, stringency index, number of reported COVID-19 variant cases, and number of flights. Additionally, we analyzed the influence of population density and median age in particular European countries on total number of COVID-19 deaths. Analyzed data represents periods from start of the COVID-19 pandemic in particular Eastern European Countries: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia, while as the end of the study the day of January 31, 2022 is considered. Results were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.
Results
Our study showed that mortality rate reflects the number of COVID-19 cases (e.g. for Poland was 0.0058, p < 0.001), number of hospitalized patients (e.g. for Poland 0.0116, p < 0.001), and patients in intensive care (e.g. for Slovakia 0.2326, p < 0.001). Stringency index corresponding to level of introduced restrictions and vaccination can affect the mortality rate of COVID-19 in a country-dependent manner: e.g. for Romania 0.0006, p < 0.001; whereas in Lithuania − 0.0002, p < 0.001. Moreover, occurrence of B.1.1.7 and B.1.617.2 variants increased COVID-19 mortality rates.
Conclusion
Our analysis showed that crucial factor for decreasing mortality is proper healthcare joined by accurate restriction policy. Additionally, our study shows that COVID-19 vaccination proven successful in COVID-19 mortality prevention.
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26
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Levy I, Michael S, Olmer L, Gofen R, Davidson O, Zucker R, Wagner-Kolasko G. The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on men having sex with men (MSM). AIDS Care 2022; 34:1400-1404. [PMID: 35427195 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2022.2049197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Social distancing including lockdowns are acceptable measures to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. In this cross sectional study, we surveyed the impact of these measurements on sexual behavior and pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV (PrEP) use among MSM. A digital questionnaire was distributed via social media and geographically based meeting applications after the first lockdown (March-April 2020). 1194 MSM responded, 91.8% were HIV negative, 19.4% of them used PrEP regularly, and 8.2% were people living with HIV (PLWH). Median age was 34.5 years. 54.4% reported that they kept strictly social distancing guidelines. Low education, hazardous sexual behavior, moderate/severe, and depression predicted low compliance with social distancing guidelines. 66.7% reported a significant decrease in the number of casual sex partners. 55% of those who took PrEP reduced their PrEP intake. Many of the PLWH and PrEP users reduced their medical follow-up. In light of the continuous outbreak and the risk of further outbreaks in the future consideration should be given to provide continuing access to HIV and sexual health clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzchak Levy
- Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shahar Michael
- Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Liraz Olmer
- Biostatistics and Biomathematics Unit, Gerthner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | | | - Roy Zucker
- Sorasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Family Medicine, Gan Meir LGBT Clinic, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Wagner-Kolasko
- Department of Family Medicine, Gan Meir LGBT Clinic, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
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27
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Sachs JD, Karim SSA, Aknin L, Allen J, Brosbøl K, Colombo F, Barron GC, Espinosa MF, Gaspar V, Gaviria A, Haines A, Hotez PJ, Koundouri P, Bascuñán FL, Lee JK, Pate MA, Ramos G, Reddy KS, Serageldin I, Thwaites J, Vike-Freiberga V, Wang C, Were MK, Xue L, Bahadur C, Bottazzi ME, Bullen C, Laryea-Adjei G, Ben Amor Y, Karadag O, Lafortune G, Torres E, Barredo L, Bartels JGE, Joshi N, Hellard M, Huynh UK, Khandelwal S, Lazarus JV, Michie S. The Lancet Commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet 2022; 400:1224-1280. [PMID: 36115368 PMCID: PMC9539542 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Sachs
- Center for Sustainable Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Salim S Abdool Karim
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lara Aknin
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Joseph Allen
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Francesca Colombo
- Health Division, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Vitor Gaspar
- Fiscal Affairs Department, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Andy Haines
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Peter J Hotez
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Phoebe Koundouri
- Department of International and European Economic Studies, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece; Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, Athens, Greece
| | - Felipe Larraín Bascuñán
- Department of Economics and Administration, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jong-Koo Lee
- National Academy of Medicine of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Ali Pate
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | - John Thwaites
- Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Chen Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lan Xue
- Schwarzman College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chandrika Bahadur
- The Lancet COVID-19 Commission Regional Task Force: India, New Delhi, India
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chris Bullen
- National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Yanis Ben Amor
- Center for Sustainable Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ozge Karadag
- Center for Sustainable Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Emma Torres
- United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lauren Barredo
- United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network, New York, NY, United States
| | - Juliana G E Bartels
- Center for Sustainable Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Neena Joshi
- United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey V Lazarus
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susan Michie
- Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, UK
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Cadeddu C, Rosano A, Villani L, Coiante GB, Minicucci I, Pascucci D, de Waure C. Planning and Organization of the COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign: An Overview of Eight European Countries. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1631. [PMID: 36298496 PMCID: PMC9609247 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The initial progress of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign worldwide depended on several aspects, including programmatic/practical issues. This paper focused on the planning and organization of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns in eight European countries (Sweden, Denmark, Romania, Hungary, Italy, Spain, Germany, and France), from the launch to August 2021. Information on the planning of the vaccination campaign (release and update of a national immunization plan, types of vaccines being used and their limitations/suspensions) and its organization (vaccination target groups, possibility of citizens' choice, vaccination workforce and settings, vaccines procurement) were obtained through desk research of international and national reports, plans, and websites. Eventually, data on vaccination coverage were drawn from Our world in data and analyzed through join point regression. The eight countries showed differences in groups prioritization, limitations/suspensions of use of specific vaccines, citizens' possibility to choose vaccines, and vaccination workforce involved. These issues could have contributed to the different progress towards high levels of vaccination coverage. In respect to vaccination coverage, Romania reached much lower levels than other countries. Further comparative research is needed in order to identify best practices in vaccination campaign that could be useful for the next phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, and be better prepared for future potential pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cadeddu
- Section of Hygiene, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Rosano
- National Institute for the Analysis of Public Policy—INAPP, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Villani
- Section of Hygiene, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Minicucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Domenico Pascucci
- Section of Hygiene, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara de Waure
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
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Vinceti M, Balboni E, Rothman KJ, Teggi S, Bellino S, Pezzotti P, Ferrari F, Orsini N, Filippini T. Substantial impact of mobility restrictions on reducing COVID-19 incidence in Italy in 2020. J Travel Med 2022; 29:6649390. [PMID: 35876268 PMCID: PMC9384467 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Italy was the first country after China to be severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, in early 2020. The country responded swiftly to the outbreak with a nationwide two-step lockdown, the first one light and the second one tight. By analyzing 2020 national mobile phone movements, we assessed how lockdown compliance influenced its efficacy. METHODS We measured individual mobility during the first epidemic wave with mobile phone movements tracked through carrier networks, and related this mobility to daily new SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospital admissions, intensive care admissions and deaths attributed to COVID-19, taking into account reason for travel (work-related or not) and the means of transport. RESULTS The tight lockdown resulted in an 82% reduction in mobility for the entire country and was effective in swiftly curbing the outbreak as indicated by a shorter time-to-peak of all health outcomes, particularly for provinces with the highest mobility reductions and the most intense COVID-19 spread. Reduction of work-related mobility was accompanied by a nearly linear benefit in outbreak containment; work-unrelated movements had a similar effect only for restrictions exceeding 50%. Reduction in mobility by car and by airplane was nearly linearly associated with a decrease in most COVID-19 health outcomes, while for train travel reductions exceeding 55% had no additional beneficial effects. The absence of viral variants and vaccine availability during the study period eliminated confounding from these two sources. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to the COVID-19 tight lockdown during the first wave in Italy was high and effective in curtailing the outbreak. Any work-related mobility reduction was effective, but only high reductions in work-unrelated mobility restrictions were effective. For train travel, there was a threshold above which no further benefit occurred. These findings could be particular to the spread of SARS-CoV-2, but might also apply to other communicable infections with comparable transmission dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vinceti
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Erica Balboni
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Kenneth J Rothman
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Sergio Teggi
- Department of Engineering 'Enzo Ferrari', University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Bellino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizio Pezzotti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Orsini
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 11365 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.,School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
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Ng QX, Yau CE, Yaow CYL, Lim YL, Xin X, Thumboo J, Fong KY. Impact of COVID-19 on Environmental Services Workers in Healthcare Settings: A Scoping Review. J Hosp Infect 2022; 130:95-103. [PMID: 36116538 PMCID: PMC9474977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background In the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, demand for deep cleaning and environmental services workers grew exponentially. Although there is extant literature examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, less emphasis has been placed on environmental services workers, who play an equally important front-line role. Aim To examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on environmental services workers employed in healthcare settings. Methods Scoping review methodology. A search strategy was developed, in consultation with a medical information specialist, employing various combinations of the keywords [(environmental services worker OR health attendant OR housekeeping) AND (COVID OR coronavirus OR pandemic OR epidemic)]. Four bibliographical databases were searched from inception to 5th July 2022: OVID Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Cochrane Database. Results In total, 24 studies were included in this review. The studies were generally cross-sectional in design. Seroprevalence studies highlighted significantly higher rates of COVID-19 among environmental services workers (housekeeping, cleaning and janitorial staff) compared with other clinical and non-clinical staff in the same institutions. In addition, based on qualitative interviews, environmental services workers experienced greater psychological stress working during the pandemic. Conclusions Environmental services workers were particularly vulnerable to increased work stress and COVID-19 during the pandemic. Health systems need to do more to support these workers. Further research could investigate specific policy and procedural changes to benefit this under-recognized group in the greater healthcare workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xiang Ng
- Health Services Research Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 168582, Singapore; MOH Holdings Pte Ltd, 1 Maritime Square, Singapore 099253, Singapore.
| | - Chun En Yau
- NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Clyve Yu Leon Yaow
- NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Yu Liang Lim
- MOH Holdings Pte Ltd, 1 Maritime Square, Singapore 099253, Singapore
| | - Xiaohui Xin
- Health Services Research Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 168582, Singapore
| | - Julian Thumboo
- Health Services Research Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 168582, Singapore; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 168582, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Kok Yong Fong
- Health Services Research Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 168582, Singapore; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 168582, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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31
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Manna PR, Gray ZC, Sikdar M, Reddy H. COVID-19 and its genomic variants: Molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:1196-1221. [PMID: 36381644 PMCID: PMC9650701 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-5315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by a β-coronavirus and its genomic variants, is associated with substantial morbidities and mortalities globally. The COVID-19 virus and its genomic variants enter host cells upon binding to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptors that are expressed in a variety of tissues, but predominantly in the lungs, heart, and blood vessels. Patients afflicted with COVID-19 may be asymptomatic or present with critical symptoms possibly due to diverse lifestyles, immune responses, aging, and underlying medical conditions. Geriatric populations, especially men in comparison to women, with immunocompromised conditions, are most vulnerable to severe COVID-19 associated infections, complications, and mortalities. Notably, whereas immunomodulation, involving nutritional consumption, is essential to protecting an individual from COVID-19, immunosuppression is detrimental to a person with this aggressive disease. As such, immune health is inversely correlated to COVID-19 severity and resulting consequences. Advances in genomic and proteomic technologies have helped us to understand the molecular events underlying symptomatology, transmission and, pathogenesis of COVID-19 and its genomic variants. Accordingly, there has been development of a variety of therapeutic interventions, ranging from mask wearing to vaccination to medication. This review summarizes the current understanding of molecular pathogenesis of COVID-19, effects of comorbidities on COVID-19, and prospective therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of this contagious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulak R. Manna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Pulak R. Manna, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Tel: +1-806-743-3573, Fax: +1-806-743-3143, E-mail:
| | - Zackery C. Gray
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Malabika Sikdar
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP 470003, India
| | - Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA,Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA,Public Health Department of the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA,Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA,Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Girma D, Dejene H, Adugna L, Tesema M, Awol M. COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate and Factors Contributing to Mortality in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:3491-3501. [PMID: 35813083 PMCID: PMC9270043 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s369266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ongoing novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is triggering significant morbidity and mortality due to its contagious nature and absence of definitive management. In Ethiopia, despite a number of primary studies have been conducted to estimate the case fatality rate (CFR) of COVID-19, no review study has attempted to summarize the findings to better understand the nature of pandemics and the virulence of the disease. Objective To summarize the CFR of COVID-19 and factors contributing to mortality in Ethiopia. Methods PRISMA guideline was followed. PubMed, Science Direct, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Hinari, and Google Scholar were systematically searched using pre-specified keywords. Observational studies ie, cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale adapted for observational studies was used to assess the quality of included studies. CFR was defined as the proportion of COVID-19 cases with the outcome of death within a given period. Factors contributing to COVID-19 mortality at p-value <0.05 were described narratively from the eligible articles. Results A total of 13 observational studies were included in this study. Consequently, this review confirmed the CFR of COVID-19 in Ethiopia ranges between 1–20%. Additionally, comorbid conditions, older age group, male sex, substance use, clinical manifestations (abnormal oxygen saturation level, atypical lymphocyte count, fever, and shortness of breath), disease severity, and history of surgery/trauma increased the likelihood of death from COVID-19 death. Conclusion This study shows that the range of CFR of COVID-19 in Ethiopia is almost equivalent to other countries, despite the country’s low testing capacity and case detection rate in reference to its total population. Comorbid diseases, older age group, male sex, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, clinical manifestations and disease severity, and history of surgery/trauma were factors contributing to COVID-19 mortality in Ethiopia. Therefore, given the alarming global situation and rapidly evolving large-scale pandemics, urgent interdisciplinary interventions should be implemented in those vulnerable groups to lessen the risk of mortality. Furthermore, the CFR of COVID-19 should be estimated from all treatment and rehabilitation centers in the country, as underestimation could be linked to a lack of preparedness and mitigation. A large set of prospective studies are also compulsory to better understand the CFR of COVID-19 in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derara Girma
- Public Health Department, College of Health Sciences, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Derara Girma, Email
| | - Hiwot Dejene
- Public Health Department, College of Health Sciences, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia
| | - Leta Adugna
- Public Health Department, College of Health Sciences, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia
| | - Mengistu Tesema
- Public Health Department, College of Health Sciences, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia
| | - Mukemil Awol
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Salale University, Fiche, Ethiopia
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Bucher F, Dastagir K, Obed D, Dieck T, Vogt P. Sustained high demand for intensive care unit resources for the treatment of burn patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Germany: A single-centre cross-sectional study. JPRAS Open 2022; 34:82-90. [PMID: 35847563 PMCID: PMC9271355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpra.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients and methods Results Conclusion
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34
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Lee T, Lee J, Kim H, Park CHK, Park J, Kim HW, Akça ÖF, Chung S. Mediating Effect of Viral Anxiety and Perceived Benefits of Physical Distancing on Adherence to Distancing Among High School Students Amid COVID-19. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e129. [PMID: 35502500 PMCID: PMC9062280 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to explore whether high school students' adherence to physical distancing was associated with health beliefs, social norms, and psychological factors during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS Overall, 300 high school students participated in this anonymous online survey conducted from October 18-24, 2021. The survey included rating scales such as attitude toward physical distancing during the pandemic, Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 items (SAVE-6), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Connor Davidson Resilience Scale 2-items. RESULTS The results revealed that perceived susceptibility or severity (β = -0.13, P = 0.038), perceived benefit (β = 0.32, P < 0.001), descriptive social norms (β = 0.10, P = 0.041), social injunctive norms (β = 0.19, P < 0.001), and SAVE-6 (β = 0.24, P < 0.001) predicted students' adherence to physical distancing (adjusted R² = 0.42, F = 19.2, P < 0.001). Social injunctive norms and personal injunctive norms directly influenced adherence to physical distancing. Viral anxiety, measured by SAVE-6, mediated the association between social injunctive norms and adherence to physical distancing, and perceived benefits mediated the relationship between personal injunctive norms and adherence to physical distancing. The influence of perceived susceptibility or severity on adherence to physical distancing was entirely mediated by perceived benefits or viral anxiety. CONCLUSION Explaining the rationale or benefits of physical distancing may be important in increasing adherence to physical distancing among high school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyeop Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joohee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Harin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C Hyung Keun Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jangho Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Hyo-Won Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ömer Faruk Akça
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Seockhoon Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Hanratty J, Keenan C, O'Connor S, Miller S, Bradley D, Dempster M. PROTOCOL: Psychological and psychosocial determinants of COVID Health Related Behaviours (COHeRe): A suite of systematic reviews and an evidence and gap map. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2022; 18:e1219. [PMID: 35465105 PMCID: PMC8812813 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: we intend to identify and synthesise the existing evidence (published and unpublished) on malleable psychological and psychosocial factors that determine uptake and adherence to behaviours that can reduce the risk of infection or transmission of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sarah Miller
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social WorkQueen's UniversityBelfastUK
| | - Declan Bradley
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueens UniversityBelfastUK
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Haque M, Godman B, Chowdhury K, Etando A, Kumar S, Lugova H, Shahwan M, Škrbic R, Jairoun A. The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the education of healthcare professionals, especially in low- and middle-income countries. ADVANCES IN HUMAN BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_60_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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