1
|
Li X, Turel O, He Q. Sex modulated the relationship between trait approach motivation and decision-making. Neuroimage 2024; 291:120598. [PMID: 38555995 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been observed that one's Behavioral Approach System (BAS) can have an effect on decision-making under uncertainty, although the results have been mixed. To discern the underlying neural substrates, we hypothesize that sex may explain the conflicting results. To test this idea, a large sample of participants was studied using resting state fMRI, utilizing fractional Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuations (fALFF) and Resting-State Functional Connectivity (rsFC) techniques. The results of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) revealed an interaction between sex and BAS, particularly in the last 60 trials (decision-making under risk). Males with high BAS showed poorer performance than those with low BAS. fALFF analysis showed a significant interaction between BAS group and sex in the left superior occipital gyrus, as well as the functional connectivity between this region and the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Additionally, this functional connectivity was further positively correlated with male performance in the IGT, particularly in the decision-making under risk stage. Furthermore, it was found that the functional connectivity between left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and left superior occipital gyrus could mediate the relationship between BAS and decision-making in males, particularly in the decision-making under risk stage. These results suggest possible sex-based differences in decision-making, providing an explanation for the inconsistent results found in prior research. Since the research was carried out exclusively with Chinese university students, it is essential to conduct further studies to investigate whether the findings can be generalized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Li
- Faculty of Psychology, MOE Key Lab of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing , China
| | - Ofir Turel
- School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, MOE Key Lab of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing , China; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality, Southwest University Branch, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ayoub SM, Libster AM, Barnes SA, Dulawa SC, Young JW. Sex differences in risk-based decision-making and the modulation of risk preference by dopamine-2 like receptors in rats. Neuropharmacology 2024; 248:109851. [PMID: 38325772 PMCID: PMC11227321 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Heightened risk-based decision-making is observed across several neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and Parkinson's disease, yet no treatments exist that effectively normalize this aberrant behavior. Preclinical risk-based decision-making paradigms have identified the important modulatory roles of dopamine and sex in the performance of such tasks, though specific task parameters may alter such effects (e.g., punishment and reward values). Previous work has highlighted the role of dopamine 2-like receptors (D2R) during performance of the Risk Preference Task (RPT) in male rats, however sex was not considered as a factor in this study, nor were treatments identified that reduced risk preference. Here, we utilized the RPT to determine sex-dependent differences in baseline performance and impact of the D2R receptor agonist pramipexole (PPX), and antagonist sulpiride (SUL) on behavioral performance. Female rats exhibited heightened risk-preference during baseline testing. Consistent with human studies, PPX increased risk-preference across sex, though the effects of PPX were more pronounced in female animals. Importantly, SUL reduced risk-preference in these rats across sexes. Thus, under the task specifications of the RPT that does not include punishment, female rats were more risk-preferring and required higher PPX doses to promote risky choices compared to males. Furthermore, blockade of D2R receptors may reduce risk-preference of rats, though further studies are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Ayoub
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Avraham M Libster
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samuel A Barnes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie C Dulawa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jared W Young
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pasquale EK, Strong DR, Manzano MA, Eichen DM, Peterson CB, Boutelle KN. Exploring relationships among appetitive traits, negative affect, and binge eating in adults with overweight or obesity. Eat Behav 2024; 53:101871. [PMID: 38518632 PMCID: PMC11144099 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Binge eating (BE) is a significant public health concern due to its prevalence and impact on mental and physical health. While research has suggested both negative affect and appetitive traits are associated with BE, few studies have investigated these constructs concurrently. Structural equation modeling (SEM) evaluated relationships between negative affect, reward-related appetitive traits, and BE among 293 adults with overweight or obesity (OW/OB) seeking treatment for BE, overeating, and weight management (m age = 46.6; m body mass index[BMI] = 34.5; 81.2 % female; 20.1 % Latinx, 60.8 % White non-Latinx). BE was related to negative affect (β = 0.53; p < 0.01) and appetitive traits (β = 1.53; p < 0.001). Negative affect and appetitive traits were related to one another (r = 0.42; p < 0.001), and the full model accounted for 77 % of the variance in BE. In an exploratory follow-up analysis, multigroup SEM evaluated the above relationships in models stratified by sex. Exploratory findings demonstrated both negative affect and appetitive traits were related to BE across sex, particularly when examining BE cognitions and behaviors. However, relationships in men depended upon BE assessment tool. These findings highlight that both negative affect and appetitive traits are related to BE, and jointly may represent significant risk and maintenance factors, particularly in adults with OW/OB. Our findings also highlight the importance of future investigation of sex differences in BE and the potential impact of assessment method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen K Pasquale
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA 92120, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - David R Strong
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael A Manzano
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA 92120, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dawn M Eichen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Carol B Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, F282/2A West 2450 Riverside Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Kerri N Boutelle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Elaad E, Kochav R, Elkouby T. Lying about money and game points by men and women and its relation to the Self-Reported Lying Scale. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1304237. [PMID: 38298365 PMCID: PMC10827945 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1304237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present study was designed to examine the effect of monetary and non-monetary endowment on lying by men and women in the Ultimatum Game. Another goal was to examine to what extent the Self-Reported Lying Scale (SRLS), described here for the first time, predicts lying in the Ultimatum Game. Methods Examinees (162, 82 women) were allocated to four experimental conditions in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Two endowment conditions (money and game points) were crossed with two sex conditions (men and women). Participants underwent an Ultimatum Game in which they were permitted to conceal part of the endowment from an unidentified partner. Finally, participants completed the SRLS. Results The results indicated that more cash than points were concealed from the partner, and men concealed more of their endowment than women. We further defined fake fairness in sharing that combined hiding a more significant portion of the endowment from the partner while presenting fair sharing of the remaining award. We found more fake fairness when money was shared than when points were concealed. Fake fairness is more significant for men than for women. For money and points alike, concealment was predicted by the global score of the SRLS and its five subscales (self-assessed lying ability, lie detection ability, the use of reason in lying, lie acceptability, and lie frequency). Discussion It was suggested that a monetary endowment is more sensitive to lying than game points and involves more fake fairness. Nevertheless, the differences are quantitative, and the same response pattern exists in the two endowment conditions. Replacing money with points is a proper solution whenever a monetary endowment presents difficulties. It was further suggested that sex differences exist in lying using an asymmetric information UG, where proposers were permitted to mislead responders about their endowment. Finally, the SRLS may contribute to a better understanding of the question of who lies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Elaad
- Department of Psychology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sedemedes K, Knäuper B, Sadikaj G, Yuan TY, Wrosch C, Santosa S, Alberga AS, Kakinami L. Compensatory health motivations and behaviors scale: Development, evaluation, psychometric properties and a preliminary validation. Appetite 2023; 191:107075. [PMID: 37804879 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The "Compensatory Health Beliefs" scale assesses the degree to which one believes that unhealthy behaviours can be compensated through healthier ones. However, no validated scale to assess compensatory weight-related behaviors exists. The study's objective was to develop (Study 1) and validate (Study 2) a questionnaire measuring compensatory health motivations and behaviors (CHMB) and to assess their associations with body mass index (BMI) and psychological weight-related measures. An initial 34-item measure was constructed based on a target sample's (Study 1, n = 158) suggestions and refined based on expert feedback. The measure was then tested in a representative Canadian adult sample (N = 1400, 48.7% male). The sample was stratified by sex and age and then randomly split into two (N = 701 for exploratory factor analysis; N = 699 for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) cross-validation). Fit indices, standardized Cronbach's alphas and the associations between the CHMB model with cognitive restraint, weight concerns, and BMI were assessed in multiple linear regression models controlling for age and sex. The final CHMB model (n = 17 items) consisted of four subscales: (1) motivation, (2) use on special occasions, (3) general use, (4) compensatory health beliefs. Fit indices (Goodness of Fit Index = 0.922) and Cronbach's alphas were good (α = 0.88). In multiple linear regression models, all CHMB subscales were associated with greater cognitive restraint in eating. Compensatory behavior use on special occasions was associated with greater weight concern (B = 0.12, p < .0001), while general compensatory behavior use was associated with lower weight concern (B = -0.07, p < .05). None of the subscales were associated with BMI. The validated CHMB scale allows for the assessment of compensatory health motivations and behaviors in a Canadian population. Research on whether this scale can predict weight changes and general health is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalista Sedemedes
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Bärbel Knäuper
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Gentiana Sadikaj
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Trista Yue Yuan
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Food, Nutrition and Health, University of British Columbia, 248-2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Carsten Wrosch
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sylvia Santosa
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada; School of Health, Concordia University, 7200 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada; Metabolism, Obesity, Nutrition Lab, School of Health, Concordia University, 7200 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Angela S Alberga
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada; School of Health, Concordia University, 7200 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Lisa Kakinami
- School of Health, Concordia University, 7200 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve West, Montreal, QC, H3G 1M8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Potsch L, Rief W. Transdiagnostic considerations of the relationship between reward sensitivity and psychopathological symptoms - a cross-lagged panel analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:650. [PMID: 37667190 PMCID: PMC10478275 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reward sensitivity constitutes a potential key mechanism regarding the etiology and maintenance of mental disorders, especially depression. However, due to a lack of longitudinal studies, the temporal dynamics are not clear yet. Although some evidence indicates that reward processing could be a transdiagnostic mechanism of disorders, these observations could be also a product of comorbidity with depression. This study aimed at investigating the temporal dynamics of reward sensitivity and the course of psychopathological symptoms in a longitudinal investigation, while taking a possible mediating role of depression into account. METHODS We conducted a three-wave longitudinal online survey with a 4-week interval. A total of N = 453 participants filled out all three questionnaires. Reward sensitivity was assessed with the Positive Valence System Scale-21 (PVSS-21), depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), eating disorder symptoms with the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire-8 (EDE-Q-8), social anxiety with the Mini-social phobia inventory (Mini-SPIN) and alcohol consumption with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C). Cross-lagged panels and mediation analyses were calculated using path analyses. RESULTS Depressive and eating disorder symptoms predicted reward insensitivity at later points in time. Effects were larger from T2 to T3. A bidirectional relationship concerning social anxiety was found. Higher alcohol consumption predicted higher reward sensitivity. Depression at T2 fully mediated the association between psychopathological symptoms at T1 and reward sensitivity at T3 for social anxiety and eating disorder symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings imply that reduced reward sensitivity seems to be a consequence rather than an antecedent of psychopathological symptoms. Comorbid depression plays a crucial role in other mental disorders regarding observed hyposensitivity towards rewards. Therefore, our results do not support a transdiagnostic notion of reward sensitivity, but they indicate a potential role of reward sensitivity for symptom persistence. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was preregistered at the Open Science Framework (OSF) ( https://archive.org/details/osf-registrations-6n3s8-v1 ; registration DOI https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/6N3S8 ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Potsch
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, D-35032, Marburg, Germany.
| | - W Rief
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, D-35032, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cardoso Melo RD, Schreuder MJ, Groen RN, Sarsembayeva D, Hartman CA. Reward sensitivity across the lifespan in males and females and its associations with psychopathology. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.112041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
8
|
Portingale J, Eddy S, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Liu S, Giles S, Krug I. Tonight, I'm disordered eating: The effects of food delivery app use, loneliness, and mood on daily body dissatisfaction and disordered eating urges. Appetite 2023; 180:106310. [PMID: 36122621 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With the recent proliferation of food delivery applications ('apps'; FDAs), accessing a meal is more convenient and immediate than ever. However, these apps may foster dysregulated eating behaviours, including maladaptive eating to cope with negative emotional states. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), the current study assessed whether FDA use at baseline predicted levels of EMA-assessed disordered eating urges and body dissatisfaction, whether negative mood and loneliness impacted disordered eating urges and body dissatisfaction at the state level, and whether the latter relationships were moderated by FDA usage frequency. Participants (N = 483; 78.7% women; 20.1% men; 1.2% other) completed a baseline questionnaire and were characterised as current FDA users (49.3%) or non-users (50.7%). Participants then completed a smartphone-facilitated investigation into their experiences of loneliness, negative mood, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating urges, six times per day for 7-days. Across the entire sample, current FDA users at baseline reported greater EMA-assessed urges to overeat. At the state level, loneliness and negative mood predicted greater body dissatisfaction, with the latter also predicting greater urges for restrictive eating and overeating. Among current FDA users at baseline, at the state level, loneliness predicted greater body dissatisfaction, and negative mood predicted greater body dissatisfaction and urges for overeating. No moderating effects were observed for baseline FDA usage frequency. These results elucidate FDA use and daily experiences of loneliness and negative mood as factors elevating eating disorder (ED)-related risk. Further extensions of this research with nuanced measures of state FDA use are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jade Portingale
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sarah Eddy
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Giles
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Isabel Krug
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sampedro-Piquero P, Zancada-Menéndez C, Bernabéu-Brotons E, Moreno-Fernández RD. The Relationship between Binge Drinking and Binge Eating in Adolescence and Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:232. [PMID: 36612554 PMCID: PMC9819376 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence and youth are critical periods in which alcohol consumption is usually initiated, especially in the form of binge drinking. In recent years, it is increasingly common to find adolescents and young people who also present binge behaviors towards unhealthy food with the aim of alleviating their anxiety (emotional eating) and/or because of impulsive personality. Despite the social and health relevance of this issue, it remains scarcely studied and more preventive research needs to be developed. Our meta-analysis study aimed to evaluate the relationship and co-occurrence of both binge behaviors during adolescence and young adulthood to clarify the link between binge drinking and eating. Selective literature search on different online databases was performed. We identified discrete but significant results regarding the direct association between binge drinking and binge eating in correlation coefficients and odds ratio. Future research should focus on the common psychological background and motives behind these problematic behaviors owing to their clinical implications for effective prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Sampedro-Piquero
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Zancada-Menéndez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Elena Bernabéu-Brotons
- Facultad de Educación y Psicología, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Román D. Moreno-Fernández
- Facultad de Educación y Psicología, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Salemi E, Mirzazade Z, Dehshiri G, Zahraei S. Sensitivity to punishment and emotional eating: The mediating role of shame and rumination. Psychol Psychother 2022; 95:875-887. [PMID: 35661385 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship between sensitivity to punishment (SP) and emotional eating has been previously examined. However, effective variables in this relationship have yet to be recognized. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between SP and emotional eating via facets of shame and rumination. DESIGN Serial Mediation model was proposed. METHOD Female university students in Iran (n = 174) completed Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire-Revised and Clarified (SPSRQ-RC), Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ), Experience of Shame Scale (ESS) and Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS). RESULTS SP showed a significant effect on emotional eating. Moreover, we observed that the relationship between SP and emotional eating was separately mediated by shame (general, characterological and bodily shame) and rumination. We further noticed the sequentially mediating role of shame (general, characterological and behavioural shame) and rumination in the relationship between SP and emotional eating. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that high SP can increase the risk of emotional eating through negative emotions (e.g. shame) and disturbed cognitions (e.g. rumination). Therefore, for a better understanding, it seems necessary to consider emotional eating a maladaptive behaviour adopted as a possible result of the impairment of temperamental, emotional and cognitive systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Salemi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mirzazade
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Dehshiri
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Zahraei
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sutton CA, L'Insalata AM, Fazzino TL. Reward sensitivity, eating behavior, and obesity-related outcomes: A systematic review. Physiol Behav 2022; 252:113843. [PMID: 35577107 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research has identified reward sensitivity as an important factor that may contribute to the engagement in eating behavior (e.g., binge eating, emotional eating, etc.) and increase obesity risk. In the current study, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to determine the relationships between reward sensitivity, eating behavior, and obesity-related outcomes. The study focused on two commonly used measures of reward sensitivity in the literature: the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ) and the Behavioral Inhibition Scale/Behavioral Activation Scale (BIS/BAS Scale). METHOD We conducted a systematic search to identify studies that analyzed reward sensitivity as a predictor of eating behavior or obesity-related outcomes, and measured reward sensitivity using the SPSRQ or BIS/BAS Scale. The search yielded N=19 total publications included in the review. RESULTS Findings indicated that reward sensitivity, primarily measured by summary scores on the SPSRQ or BIS/BAS Scale, were positively associated with a variety of eating behaviors and obesity-related outcomes with small to moderate effect sizes. Findings were most consistent across studies that examined the association between reward sensitivity and eating behavior outcomes (e.g., binge eating, emotional eating) (r values= .08 to .41; p values < .001 to p < .05) and food consumption outcomes (e.g., palatable food intake) (r values = .21 to .40; p < .001 to p values < .05). Findings were less consistent for food craving and BMI outcomes, and revealed these relationships may depend on individual-level factors and/or environment-related factors, (e.g., food cues). A quality evaluation using the Critical Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS tool) indicated that most studies were rated as moderate to strong quality (84%). CONCLUSION Findings indicate that elevated reward sensitivity may be a risk factor for engagement in eating behaviors that may increase obesity risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra A Sutton
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66046, United States; Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Alexa M L'Insalata
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66046, United States; Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Tera L Fazzino
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66046, United States; Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Weydmann G, Souzedo FB, Tavares P, Corrêa L, Heidrich H, Holland H, Bizarro L. Parsing the link between reinforcement sensitivity theory and eating behavior: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 134:104525. [PMID: 34998836 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) is a widely studied psychobiological model of personality. RST factors seem to influence eating behavior, but how these personality traits are associated with distinct features of eating behavior is still unclear. In the present systematic review, we analyzed the relationship between RST personality factors and eating behavior using a parsing approach in which BMI-related results, self-reported results, and behavioral results were distinguished. Our analysis revealed that reward and punishment sensitivity seem to correlate and influence distinct features of eating behavior. The association between BMI and RST factors was uncertain, but nonlinear associations between reward sensitivity and weight need further testing. Reward sensitivity was linked to most eating behavior phenotypes (e.g., emotional eating and restrained eating), but only punishment sensitivity was primarily correlated with eating pathology. Reward sensitivity was the main factor linked with reactivity to food stimuli on many behavioral measures. The neurobiological personality factors of RST offer parsimonious concepts to understand eating behavior outcomes and the differential relationships observed are useful to translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gibson Weydmann
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcellos 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Bellesia Souzedo
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcellos 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patrice Tavares
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcellos 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciana Corrêa
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite 245, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Heiner Heidrich
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite 245, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Heitor Holland
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Avenida Unisinos 950, 93022-000, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Bizarro
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcellos 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gibson D, Benabe J, Watters A, Oakes J, Mehler PS. Personality characteristics and medical impact of stimulant laxative abuse in eating disorder patients-a pilot study. J Eat Disord 2021; 9:146. [PMID: 34736530 PMCID: PMC8567337 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-021-00502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stimulant laxative abuse as a purging behavior can be profound in those with eating disorders. However, the psychopathology leading to stimulant laxative abuse is poorly understood. Furthermore, the medical impact of stimulant laxative abuse has not been studied in this population. METHODS Six individuals abusing stimulant laxatives underwent a barium enema to assess for evidence of the cathartic colon syndrome and 29 individuals engaging in any purging behaviors completed the Tri-dimensional Personality Questionnaire-Short Form, Sensitivity to Punishment/Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire-Short Form, Beck Depression Inventory, and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaires. RESULTS Three of the six patients completing the barium enema had the radiographic findings consistent with cathartic colon. Individuals engaging in laxative abuse showed higher Novelty Seeking compared to those engaging in other forms of purging, and those engaging in any form of purging behavior showed greater Sensitivity to Punishment compared to Sensitivity to Reward. There was also the presence of greater Harm Avoidance than Reward Dependence in this population. CONCLUSION There may be different psychopathology that contributes to the abuse of stimulant laxatives than that associated with other forms of purging. Regardless of the driving factor, further research is warranted to discover best therapeutic interventions given the potential to develop the cathartic colon syndrome with ongoing use of stimulant laxatives. Cathartic colon is a condition whereby the colon, or lower intestine, is converted into an inert tube incapable of propagating fecal matter. It is thought to develop due to over-use of stimulant laxatives. However, it is unclear if this condition truly exists and whether it contributes to the constipation experienced by individuals with eating disorders who have extensive past histories of abusing laxatives. It is also unclear if laxative abuse presents with different medical complications than other forms of purging. The purpose of this study is to determine whether radiographic evidence of cathartic colon can be found in eating disorder patients abusing stimulant laxatives, whether there are different medical complications with laxative abuse versus other forms of purging, and to examine the psychological composition of individuals who engage in severe laxative abuse. Specifically, the authors investigated the interrelationship between Harm Avoidance and Reward Dependence, with emphasis on gaining a better understanding of Reward Dependence by examining both Sensitivity to Reward and Sensitivity to Punishment in patients who engage in severe laxative abuse. Our findings suggest that stimulant laxative abuse may cause the development of cathartic colon changes and that there may be unique psychopathology that contributes to the abuse of stimulant laxatives. Given the higher Novelty Seeking personality-dimension in those abusing laxatives, it is possible that this purging behavior may be considered addiction-like in nature, which would have distinct treatment implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Gibson
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health, 723 Delaware Street, Denver, CO, 80204, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Jodie Benabe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ashlie Watters
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health, 723 Delaware Street, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Judy Oakes
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health, 723 Delaware Street, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
- Department of Medicine, Denver Health Hospital Authority, 780 Bannock Street, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Philip S Mehler
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health, 723 Delaware Street, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Eating Recovery Center, 7351 E Lowry Blvd, Denver, CO, 80230, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hahn A, Reed MB, Pichler V, Michenthaler P, Rischka L, Godbersen GM, Wadsak W, Hacker M, Lanzenberger R. Functional dynamics of dopamine synthesis during monetary reward and punishment processing. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2973-2985. [PMID: 34053336 PMCID: PMC8543667 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211019827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of dopamine release with the PET competition model is thoroughly validated but entails disadvantages for the investigation of cognitive processes. We introduce a novel approach incorporating 6-[18F]FDOPA uptake as index of the dynamic regulation of dopamine synthesis enzymes by neuronal firing. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated by assessing widely described sex differences in dopamine neurotransmission. Reward processing was behaviorally investigated in 36 healthy participants, of whom 16 completed fPET and fMRI during the monetary incentive delay task. A single 50 min fPET acquisition with 6-[18F]FDOPA served to quantify task-specific changes in dopamine synthesis. In men monetary gain induced stronger increases in ventral striatum dopamine synthesis than loss. Interestingly, the opposite effect was discovered in women. These changes were further associated with reward (men) and punishment sensitivity (women). As expected, fMRI showed robust task-specific neuronal activation but no sex difference. Our findings provide a neurobiological basis for known behavioral sex differences in reward and punishment processing, with important implications in psychiatric disorders showing sex-specific prevalence, altered reward processing and dopamine signaling. The high temporal resolution and magnitude of task-specific changes make fPET a promising tool to investigate functional neurotransmitter dynamics during cognitive processing and in brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Murray B Reed
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Michenthaler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucas Rischka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Godber M Godbersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Charzyńska E, Sussman S, Atroszko PA. Profiles of potential behavioral addictions' severity and their associations with gender, personality, and well-being: A person-centered approach. Addict Behav 2021; 119:106941. [PMID: 33915392 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addictions share common etiological factors associated with personality vulnerabilities such as narcissism or emotional instability. Also, there are gender differences in the type of and risk for addiction (e.g., men may be more prone to addictions, overall). These are considerably less understood in relation to behavioral addictions (BAs) than in substance use disorders. This study aimed to investigate associations between profiles of six potential BAs (study, shopping, gaming, Facebook, pornography, and food) and gender, personality, and well-being among Polish emerging adults, as a partial replication and extension of previous work. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE In a paper-and-pencil cross-sectional study, 1182 Polish undergraduate students (mean age = 20.33 years; SD = 1.68) completed questionnaires measuring six potential BAs alongside questions on demographic variables, personality traits (Big Five, narcissism), and well-being indicators (general quality of life, health quality, sleep quality, perceived stress, anxiety, and hopelessness). RESULTS Using latent profile analysis, four profiles were identified: (1) elevated levels of study, Facebook, shopping, and food addictions; (2) elevated levels of gaming and pornography addictions; (3) low or average levels of all potential BAs, and (4) highest levels of all potential BAs. The second and fourth profiles included men predominantly, and the first profile included almost exclusively women. The fourth profile, in comparison to all other profiles, demonstrated significantly higher scores on all potential BAs, narcissism, lowest conscientiousness and emotional stability, and lowest well-being. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that there is a general proclivity to potential BAs. Furthermore, there are gender-specific profiles of potential BAs, which at present are poorly understood.
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen X, Gao X, Qin J, Wang C, Xiao M, Tian Y, Luo YJ, Qiu J, Feng T, He Q, Lei X, Chen H. Resting-state functional network connectivity underlying eating disorder symptoms in healthy young adults. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 30:102671. [PMID: 33892431 PMCID: PMC8082688 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the resting-state functional network connectivity underlying eating disorder symptoms in a large sample of healthy young adults (n = 693). Individuals with higher levels of eating disorder symptoms displayed weaker intra-network connectivity of the executive control network and basal ganglia network, as well as weaker inter-network connectivity in the three examined networks (i.e., the executive control network, basal ganglia network, and default mode network). The findings suggest that these neural circuits may play a key role in symptoms of disordered eating in healthy adults. They further reveal that the less efficient information exchange within and between intrinsic networks associated with self-referential thinking, inhibitory control, and reward sensitivity are strongly related to eating disorder symptoms.
Previous neuroimaging research of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa has mainly focused on clinical patients, indicating the crucial role of intrinsic connectivity networks involved in aberrant behavioral control (i.e., executive control network), reward reactivity (i.e., basal ganglia network), and excessive self-focused and body-focused ruminations (i.e., default mode network) in the onset and maintenance of eating disturbances. However, examinations of large-scale resting-state networks that support the role of cognitive control, reward sensitivity, and self-directed thinking in disordered eating have rarely involved non-clinical samples from the general population. This study, involving a total of 693 healthy young adults (68.69% females; mean age, 18.37 years), investigated these issues by using pre-defined functional regions of interest from the executive control network, basal ganglia network, default mode network, and a seed-based region of interest-to-region of interest approach. After statistically controlling for differences in age, sex, body mass index, and head motion, we observed significant associations of higher levels of eating disorder symptoms, especially bulimia-type eating (i.e., binge eating and a combination of binge eating and compensatory behaviors, such as purging via self-induced vomiting or laxative use, and compulsive exercise), with weaker intra-network and inter-network functional synchrony. These results remained significant after excluding underweight, overweight, and obese participants. These findings suggest that these neural circuits may play a key role in the symptoms of disordered eating in healthy adults. They further reveal that the less efficient information exchange within and between intrinsic networks associated with self-referential thinking, inhibitory control, and reward sensitivity are strongly related to eating disorder symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingmin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyue Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi-Jun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingyong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Falcón E, Valdés-Moreno M, Rodríguez C, Sanabrais-Jiménez M, Hernández-Muñoz S, Camarena B, de Gortari P. Interaction between three stress-related gene polymorphisms and food addiction increases the risk to develop obesity in a sample of Mexican people attending a nutrition clinic. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 125:105099. [PMID: 33387926 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress exposure impacts negatively in individuals leading to food addiction, overweight or obesity. Stress-genes and their translation products are responsible for the responses of humans to adverse environments. Alterations in stress-genes expression or protein function may induce behaviors as compulsive eating of high-energy containing food, which decreases stress-induced negative feelings. However, chronic stress is not assessed in Mexican population. We analyzed here the association between polymorphisms of CRH, CRHR2 and glucocorticoids (GR, NR3C1) receptor genes with food addiction and obesity and overweight in Mexican patients of a Nutrition Clinic. We recruited 508 individuals of both genders, who accepted to participate in the study at their first visit to the clinic, obtaining their fat mass percentage and a blood sample for the genetic analysis. Participants answered the Yale's food addiction scale and were subjected to a Trier social test, as an acute stressful stimulus. Pre and post-test saliva samples were obtained to evaluate cortisol levels and adrenal axis' response to the acute stress. The 63% of participants classified as stressed (S); 6.5% of normal-weight individuals showed food-addiction, whereas 63% of participants with food-addiction were also stressed. The fat mass percentage was greater in stress-addiction than in stressed non-addiction participants. The best interaction model for obesity development risk comprehended the presence of polymorphisms of the three genes that in combination with food addiction increased the risk for developing obesity 2.8-4-fold. Thus, frequent stress exposure favors food-addiction, which along with genetic susceptibility seems to add up to Mexican obesity/overweight rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Falcón
- Molecular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosciences Department, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico; School of Dietetics and Nutrition, ISSSTE, Mexico
| | - M Valdés-Moreno
- Molecular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosciences Department, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico; School of Dietetics and Nutrition, ISSSTE, Mexico
| | - C Rodríguez
- Molecular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosciences Department, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico; School of Dietetics and Nutrition, ISSSTE, Mexico
| | - M Sanabrais-Jiménez
- Pharmacogenetics Department, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
| | - S Hernández-Muñoz
- Pharmacogenetics Department, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
| | - B Camarena
- Pharmacogenetics Department, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
| | - P de Gortari
- Molecular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosciences Department, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dhingra I, Zhang S, Zhornitsky S, Wang W, Le TM, Li CSR. Sex differences in neural responses to reward and the influences of individual reward and punishment sensitivity. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:12. [PMID: 33639845 PMCID: PMC7913329 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men and women show differences in sensitivity to reward and punishment, which may impact behavior in health and disease. However, the neural bases of these sex differences remain under-investigated. Here, by combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a variant of the Monetary Incentive Delay Task (MIDT), we examined sex differences in the neural responses to wins and losses and how individual reward and punishment sensitivity modulates these regional activities. METHODS Thirty-sex men and 27 women participated in the fMRI study. We assessed sensitivity to punishment (SP) and sensitivity to reward (SR) with the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ). In the MIDT, participants pressed a button to collect reward ($1, 1¢, or nil), with the reaction time window titrated across trials so participants achieved a success rate of approximately 67%. We processed the Imaging data with published routines and evaluated the results with a corrected threshold. RESULTS Women showed higher SP score than men and men showed higher SR score than women. Men relative to women showed higher response to the receipt of dollar or cent reward in bilateral orbitofrontal and visual cortex. Men as compared to women also showed higher response to dollar loss in bilateral orbitofrontal cortex. Further, in whole-brain regressions, women relative to men demonstrated more significant modulation by SP in the neural responses to wins and larger wins, and the sex differences were confirmed by slope tests. CONCLUSIONS Together, men showed higher SR and neural sensitivity to both wins, large or small, and losses than women. Individual differences in SP were associated with diminished neural responses to wins and larger wins in women only. These findings highlight how men and women may differ in reward-related brain activations in the MIDT and add to the imaging literature of sex differences in cognitive and affective functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isha Dhingra
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Wuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Thang M Le
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Connecticut Mental Health Center S112, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519-1109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Puleo S, Braghieri A, Condelli N, Piasentier E, Di Monaco R, Favotto S, Masi P, Napolitano F. Pungency perception and liking for pasta filata cheeses in consumers from different Italian regions. Food Res Int 2020; 138:109813. [PMID: 33288188 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate whether the sensitivity to capsaicin had an effect on pungency perception of pasta filata cheeses. In addition, we assessed the effect of several individual variables (gender, age, consumer provenance, PROP status and personality traits) on both consumer liking and choice for pasta filata cheeses. Four pasta filata cheeses at two ripening times and 272 subjects from three different Italian locations were used. Based on sensory data, the PCA discriminated sweet (ripened at 2 months) from pungent cheeses (ripened at 12 months). Cheese pungency perception increased with increasing sensitivity to capsaicin (P < 0.001). There was no clear relationship between sensitivity to capsaicin or sensitivity to cheese pungency with cheese liking, whereas a number of other aspects, including sensory attributes and individual consumer characteristics, such as consumer provenance (P < 0.001), gender (P < 0.001) and food neophobia (P < 0.05), affected the liking for different pasta filata cheeses. Consumers who were younger (18-30 y.o.; P < 0.05), female (P < 0.001), unfamiliar with pungent foods (P < 0.0001) and consumers from Potenza (P = 0.001) more often declared to prefer sweet over pungent cheese, whereas in terms of real choice supertasters and neophobic subjects chose the sweet option more often (P = 0.01). In conclusion, sensitivity to capsaicin affected pungency perception in pasta filata cheese, whereas no clear relationship was observed between pungency perception and liking. The contribution of cheese and consumer characteristics on cheese liking and choice in addition to pungency, was confirmed by the differences in declared and real choice for sweet or pungent cheeses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Puleo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Università 100, 80055 Portici (Napoli), Italy
| | - Ada Braghieri
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Nicola Condelli
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Edi Piasentier
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli Studi di Udine, via delle Scienze, 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Monaco
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Università 100, 80055 Portici (Napoli), Italy
| | - Saida Favotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli Studi di Udine, via delle Scienze, 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Paolo Masi
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Università 100, 80055 Portici (Napoli), Italy
| | - Fabio Napolitano
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li G, Zhang S, Le TM, Tang X, Li CSR. Neural Responses to Reward in a Gambling Task: Sex Differences and Individual Variation in Reward-Driven Impulsivity. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa025. [PMID: 32864617 PMCID: PMC7446303 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work suggests sex differences in reward sensitivity. However, it remains unclear how men and women differ in the neural processes of reward-driven impulsivity. With a data set of 968 subjects (502 women) curated from the Human Connectome Project, we investigated sex differences in regional activations to reward and to punishment in a gambling task. Individual variations in reward-driven impulsivity were quantified by the difference in reaction time between reward and punishment blocks in the gambling task, as well as by a behavioral measure of delay discounting. At a corrected threshold, men and women exhibited significant differences in regional activations to reward and to punishment. Longer reaction times during reward versus punishment blocks, indicative of more cautious responding, were associated with left-hemispheric lateral prefrontal cortical activation to reward in men but not women. Steeper discounting was associated with higher activation to reward in the right-hemispheric dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and angular gyrus in women but not men. These sex differences were confirmed in slope tests. Together, the results highlight the sex-specific neural processes of reward-driven impulsivity with left-hemispheric prefrontal cortex supporting impulse control in men and right-hemispheric saliency circuit playing a more important role in diminished impulse control in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Thang M Le
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Xiaoying Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alexithymia, a relatively stable personality trait characterized by difficulties identifying and describing feelings and externally oriented thinking, has been linked to both substance use disorders and eating disorders. In nonclinical samples, alexithymia is associated with heavier consumption of alcohol and caffeine. Both are psychoactive drugs, but unlike most drugs they are typically consumed in the context of palatable and calorie-rich products. OBJECTIVES Given the association of alexithymia with disordered eating, the present study evaluated the hypothesis that heavier consumption of caffeine by those with high levels of alexithymia may be motivated by the palatable and caloric aspects of common caffeine products rather than by drug-seeking. METHODS There were 224 participants aged 17-63 years who completed instruments assessing demographics, alexithymia, emotional eating, caffeine consumption, alcohol consumption, negative moods, and reward sensitivity. RESULTS As predicted, alexithymia was positively related to emotional eating as well as consumption of caffeine and alcohol, and alexithymia was a significant predictor of caffeine intake in regression models. However, there was no indication of mediation by emotional eating. CONCLUSIONS Alexithymia is characterized by deficient emotion regulation and negative moods, hence use of drugs and/or foods to regulate emotions, combined with poor interoceptive awareness, may account for excessive consumption of drugs or foods as alternative emotion regulation strategies in those with high levels of this trait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamara Brown
- a Bond University , Gold Coast , Queensland , Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Brewer JA, Ruf A, Beccia AL, Essien GI, Finn LM, van Lutterveld R, Mason AE. Can Mindfulness Address Maladaptive Eating Behaviors? Why Traditional Diet Plans Fail and How New Mechanistic Insights May Lead to Novel Interventions. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1418. [PMID: 30250438 PMCID: PMC6139346 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional and other maladaptive eating behaviors develop in response to a diversity of triggers, from psychological stress to the endless external cues in our modern food environment. While the standard approach to food- and weight-related concerns has been weight-loss through dietary restriction, these interventions have produced little long-term benefit, and may be counterproductive. A growing understanding of the behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms that underpin habit formation may explain why this approach has largely failed, and pave the way for a new generation of non-pharmacologic interventions. Here, we first review how modern food environments interact with human biology to promote reward-related eating through associative learning, i.e., operant conditioning. We also review how operant conditioning (positive and negative reinforcement) cultivates habit-based reward-related eating, and how current diet paradigms may not directly target such eating. Further, we describe how mindfulness training that targets reward-based learning may constitute an appropriate intervention to rewire the learning process around eating. We conclude with examples that illustrate how teaching patients to tap into and act on intrinsic (e.g., enjoying healthy eating, not overeating, and self-compassion) rather than extrinsic reward mechanisms (e.g., weighing oneself), is a promising new direction in improving individuals' relationship with food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judson A. Brewer
- Center for Mindfulness in Medicine, Healthcare, and Society, Division of Mindfulness, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Andrea Ruf
- Center for Mindfulness in Medicine, Healthcare, and Society, Division of Mindfulness, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Ariel L. Beccia
- Center for Mindfulness in Medicine, Healthcare, and Society, Division of Mindfulness, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Gloria I. Essien
- Contemplative Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Leonard M. Finn
- Needham Wellesley Family Medicine PC, Wellesley, MA, United States
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Remko van Lutterveld
- Center for Mindfulness in Medicine, Healthcare, and Society, Division of Mindfulness, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Ashley E. Mason
- Department of Medicine, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kidd C, Loxton NJ. Junk food advertising moderates the indirect effect of reward sensitivity and food consumption via the urge to eat. Physiol Behav 2018; 188:276-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
24
|
Díaz-Morales JF, Randler C, Arrona-Palacios A, Adan A. Validation of the MESSi among adult workers and young students: General health and personality correlates. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:1288-1299. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1361437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübigen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Arturo Arrona-Palacios
- Department of Criminology, UAMR-A, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Ana Adan
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|