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Wang C, Chu Q, Dong W, Wang X, Zhao W, Dai X, Liu W, Wang B, Liu T, Zhong W, Jiang C, Cao H. Microbial metabolite deoxycholic acid-mediated ferroptosis exacerbates high-fat diet-induced colonic inflammation. Mol Metab 2024; 84:101944. [PMID: 38642891 PMCID: PMC11070703 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) has long been recognized as risk factors for the development and progression of ulcerative colitis (UC), but the exact mechanism remained elusive. Here, HFD increased intestinal deoxycholic acid (DCA) levels, and DCA further exacerbated colonic inflammation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that DCA triggered ferroptosis pathway in colitis mice. Mechanistically, DCA upregulated hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) and divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) expression, causing the ferrous ions accumulation and ferroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells, which was reversed by ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1. DCA failed to promote colitis and ferroptosis in intestine-specific HIF-2α-null mice. Notably, byak-angelicin inhibited DCA-induced pro-inflammatory and pro-ferroptotic effects through blocking the up-regulation of HIF-2α by DCA. Moreover, fat intake was positively correlated with disease activity in UC patients consuming HFD, with ferroptosis being more pronounced. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that HFD exacerbated colonic inflammation by promoting DCA-mediated ferroptosis, providing new insights into diet-related bile acid dysregulation in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiao Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxiao Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Wentian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China.
| | - Weilong Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China.
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China.
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Shimshoni E, Solomonov I, Sagi I, Ghini V. Integrated Metabolomics and Proteomics of Symptomatic and Early Presymptomatic States of Colitis. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:1420-1432. [PMID: 38497760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Colitis has a multifactorial pathogenesis with a strong cross-talk among microbiota, hypoxia, and tissue metabolism. Here, we aimed to characterize the molecular signature of the disease in symptomatic and presymptomatic stages of the inflammatory process at the tissue and fecal level. The study is based on two different murine models for colitis, and HR-MAS NMR on "intact" colon tissues and LC-MS/MS on colon tissue extracts were used to derive untargeted metabolomics and proteomics information, respectively. Solution NMR was used to derive metabolomic profiles of the fecal extracts. By combining metabolomic and proteomic analyses of the tissues, we found increased anaerobic glycolysis, accompanied by an altered citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation in inflamed colons; these changes associate with inflammation-induced hypoxia taking place in colon tissues. Different colitis states were also characterized by significantly different metabolomic profiles of fecal extracts, attributable to both the dysbiosis characteristic of colitis as well as the dysregulated tissue metabolism. Strong and distinctive tissue and fecal metabolomic signatures can be detected before the onset of symptoms. Therefore, untargeted metabolomics of tissues and fecal extracts provides a comprehensive picture of the changes accompanying the disease onset already at preclinical stages, highlighting the diagnostic potential of global metabolomics for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elee Shimshoni
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Inna Solomonov
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Veronica Ghini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
- Center of Magnetic Resonance (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
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Villareal LB, Xue X. The emerging role of hypoxia and environmental factors in inflammatory bowel disease. Toxicol Sci 2024; 198:169-184. [PMID: 38200624 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and debilitating disorder characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite extensive research, the exact cause of IBD remains unknown, hampering the development of effective therapies. However, emerging evidence suggests that hypoxia, a condition resulting from inadequate oxygen supply, plays a crucial role in intestinal inflammation and tissue damage in IBD. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), transcription factors that regulate the cellular response to low oxygen levels, have gained attention for their involvement in modulating inflammatory processes and maintaining tissue homeostasis. The two most studied HIFs, HIF-1α and HIF-2α, have been implicated in the development and progression of IBD. Toxicological factors encompass a wide range of environmental and endogenous agents, including dietary components, microbial metabolites, and pollutants. These factors can profoundly influence the hypoxic microenvironment within the gut, thereby exacerbating the course of IBD and fostering the progression of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. This review explores the regulation of hypoxia signaling at the molecular, microenvironmental, and environmental levels, investigating the intricate interplay between toxicological factors and hypoxic signaling in the context of IBD, focusing on its most concerning outcomes: intestinal fibrosis and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke B Villareal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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Reasoner SA, Bernard R, Waalkes A, Penewit K, Lewis J, Sokolow AG, Brown RF, Edwards KM, Salipante SJ, Hadjifrangiskou M, Nicholson MR. Longitudinal profiling of the intestinal microbiome in children with cystic fibrosis treated with elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor. mBio 2024; 15:e0193523. [PMID: 38275294 PMCID: PMC10865789 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01935-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome influences growth and disease progression in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA), the newest pharmaceutical modulator for CF, restores the function of the pathogenic mutated CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel. We performed a single-center longitudinal analysis of the effect of ELX/TEZ/IVA on the intestinal microbiome, intestinal inflammation, and clinical parameters in children with CF. Following ELX/TEZ/IVA, children with CF had significant improvements in body mass index and percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second, and required fewer antibiotics for respiratory infections. Intestinal microbiome diversity increased following ELX/TEZ/IVA coupled with a decrease in the intestinal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, the predominant respiratory pathogen in children with CF. There was a reduced abundance of microbiome-encoded antibiotic resistance genes. Microbial pathways for aerobic respiration were reduced after ELX/TEZ/IVA. The abundance of microbial acid tolerance genes was reduced, indicating microbial adaptation to increased CFTR function. In all, this study represents the first comprehensive analysis of the intestinal microbiome in children with CF receiving ELX/TEZ/IVA.IMPORTANCECystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease with significant gastrointestinal symptoms in addition to pulmonary complications. Recently approved treatments for CF, CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators, are anticipated to substantially improve the care of people with CF and extend their lifespans. Prior work has shown that the intestinal microbiome correlates with health outcomes in CF, particularly in children. Here, we study the intestinal microbiome of children with CF before and after the CFTR modulator, ELX/TEZ/IVA. We identify promising improvements in microbiome diversity, reduced measures of intestinal inflammation, and reduced antibiotic resistance genes. We present specific bacterial taxa and protein groups which change following ELX/TEZ/IVA. These results will inform future mechanistic studies to understand the microbial improvements associated with CFTR modulator treatment. This study demonstrates how the microbiome can change in response to a targeted medication that corrects a genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A. Reasoner
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rachel Bernard
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Monroe Carrell Junior Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Adam Waalkes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kelsi Penewit
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Janessa Lewis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew G. Sokolow
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Monroe Carrell Junior Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rebekah F. Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Monroe Carrell Junior Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Edwards
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Monroe Carrell Junior Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stephen J. Salipante
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Maria Hadjifrangiskou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Center for Personalized Microbiology (CPMi), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maribeth R. Nicholson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Monroe Carrell Junior Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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5
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Álvarez-Herms J, González-Benito A, Corbi F, Odriozola A. What if gastrointestinal complications in endurance athletes were gut injuries in response to a high consumption of ultra-processed foods? Please take care of your bugs if you want to improve endurance performance: a narrative review. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:383-402. [PMID: 37839038 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
To improve performance and recovery faster, athletes are advised to eat more often than usual and consume higher doses of simple carbohydrates, during and after exercise. Sports energetic supplements contain food additives, such as artificial sweeteners, emulsifiers, acidity regulators, preservatives, and salts, which could be harmful to the gut microbiota and impair the intestinal barrier function. The intestinal barrier plays a critical function in bidirectionally regulation of the selective transfer of nutrients, water, and electrolytes, while preventing at the same time, the entrance of harmful substances (selective permeability). The gut microbiota helps to the host to regulate intestinal homeostasis through metabolic, protective, and immune functions. Globally, the gut health is essential to maintain systemic homeostasis in athletes, and to ensure proper digestion, metabolization, and substrate absorption. Gastrointestinal complaints are an important cause of underperformance and dropout during endurance events. These complications are directly related to the loss of gut equilibrium, mainly linked to microbiota dysbiosis and leaky gut. In summary, athletes must be cautious with the elevated intake of ultra-processed foods and specifically those contained on sports nutrition supplements. This review points out the specific nutritional interventions that should be implemented and/or discontinued depending on individual gut functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Phymolab (Physiology and Molecular Laboratory), Collado Hermoso, Segovia, Spain.
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.
| | - A González-Benito
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - F Corbi
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - A Odriozola
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
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Reasoner SA, Bernard R, Waalkes A, Penewit K, Lewis J, Sokolow AG, Brown RF, Edwards KM, Salipante SJ, Hadjifrangiskou M, Nicholson MR. Longitudinal Profiling of the Intestinal Microbiome in Children with Cystic Fibrosis Treated with Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.08.11.23293949. [PMID: 37645804 PMCID: PMC10462202 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.11.23293949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome influences growth and disease progression in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA), the newest pharmaceutical modulator for CF, restores function of the pathogenic mutated CFTR channel. We performed a single-center longitudinal analysis of the effect of ELX/TEZ/IVA on the intestinal microbiome, intestinal inflammation, and clinical parameters in children with CF. Following ELX/TEZ/IVA, children with CF had significant improvements in BMI, ppFEV1 and required fewer antibiotics for respiratory infections. Intestinal microbiome diversity increased following ELX/TEZ/IVA coupled with a decrease in the intestinal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, the predominant respiratory pathogen in children with CF. There was a reduced abundance of microbiome-encoded antibiotic-resistance genes. Microbial pathways for aerobic respiration were reduced after ELX/TEZ/IVA. The abundance of microbial acid tolerance genes was reduced, indicating microbial adaptation to increased CFTR function. In all, this study represents the first comprehensive analysis of the intestinal microbiome in children with CF receiving ELX/TEZ/IVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A. Reasoner
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel Bernard
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carrell Junior Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Adam Waalkes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelsi Penewit
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Janessa Lewis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew G. Sokolow
- Division of Allergy, and Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carrell Junior Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rebekah F. Brown
- Division of Allergy, and Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carrell Junior Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Edwards
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carrell Junior Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stephen J. Salipante
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria Hadjifrangiskou
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Personalized Microbiology (CPMi), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maribeth R. Nicholson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carrell Junior Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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7
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Liu W, Fan X, Jian B, Wen D, Wang H, Liu Z, Li B. The signaling pathway of hypoxia inducible factor in regulating gut homeostasis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1289102. [PMID: 37965556 PMCID: PMC10641782 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1289102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia represent a condition in which an adequate amount of oxygen supply is missing in the body, and it could be caused by a variety of diseases, including gastrointestinal disorders. This review is focused on the role of hypoxia in the maintenance of the gut homeostasis and related treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. The effects of hypoxia on the gut microbiome and its role on the intestinal barrier functionality are also covered, together with the potential role of hypoxia in the development of gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Finally, we discussed the potential of hypoxia-targeted interventions as a novel therapeutic approach for gastrointestinal disorders. In this review, we highlighted the importance of hypoxia in the maintenance of the gut homeostasis and the potential implications for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa, China
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueni Fan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa, China
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Boshuo Jian
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Wen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa, China
| | - Hongzhuang Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa, China
| | - Zhenjiang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa, China
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Sahakian L, Robinson AM, Sahakian L, Stavely R, Kelley MR, Nurgali K. APE1/Ref-1 as a Therapeutic Target for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1569. [PMID: 38002251 PMCID: PMC10669584 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The prevalence of IBD is increasing with approximately 4.9 million cases reported worldwide. Current therapies are limited due to the severity of side effects and long-term toxicity, therefore, the development of novel IBD treatments is necessitated. Recent findings support apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/reduction-oxidation factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) as a target in many pathological conditions, including inflammatory diseases, where APE1/Ref-1 regulation of crucial transcription factors impacts significant pathways. Thus, a potential target for a novel IBD therapy is the redox activity of the multifunctional protein APE1/Ref-1. This review elaborates on the status of conventional IBD treatments, the role of an APE1/Ref-1 in intestinal inflammation, and the potential of a small molecule inhibitor of APE1/Ref-1 redox activity to modulate inflammation, oxidative stress response, and enteric neuronal damage in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Sahakian
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia; (L.S.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Ainsley M. Robinson
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia; (L.S.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Linda Sahakian
- Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (L.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Rhian Stavely
- Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (L.S.); (R.S.)
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mark R. Kelley
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia; (L.S.); (A.M.R.)
- Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (L.S.); (R.S.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
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9
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Álvarez-Herms J, González A, Corbi F, Odriozola I, Odriozola A. Possible relationship between the gut leaky syndrome and musculoskeletal injuries: the important role of gut microbiota as indirect modulator. AIMS Public Health 2023; 10:710-738. [PMID: 37842270 PMCID: PMC10567981 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2023049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aims to examine the evidence on the relationship between gut microbiota (GM), leaky gut syndrome and musculoskeletal injuries. Musculoskeletal injuries can significantly impair athletic performance, overall health, and quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests that the state of the gut microbiota and the functional intestinal permeability may contribute to injury recovery. Since 2007, a growing field of research has supported the idea that GM exerts an essential role maintaining intestinal homeostasis and organic and systemic health. Leaky gut syndrome is an acquired condition where the intestinal permeability is impaired, and different bacteria and/or toxins enter in the bloodstream, thereby promoting systemic endotoxemia and chronic low-grade inflammation. This systemic condition could indirectly contribute to increased local musculoskeletal inflammation and chronificate injuries and pain, thereby reducing recovery-time and limiting sport performance. Different strategies, including a healthy diet and the intake of pre/probiotics, may contribute to improving and/or restoring gut health, thereby modulating both systemically as local inflammation and pain. Here, we sought to identify critical factors and potential strategies that could positively improve gut microbiota and intestinal health, and reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injuries and its recovery-time and pain. In conclusion, recent evidences indicate that improving gut health has indirect consequences on the musculoskeletal tissue homeostasis and recovery through the direct modulation of systemic inflammation, the immune response and the nociceptive pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080 Leioa, Spain
- Phymo Lab, Physiology, and Molecular laboratory, Spain
| | - Adriana González
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080 Leioa, Spain
| | - Francisco Corbi
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Centre de Lleida, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Iñaki Odriozola
- Health Department of Basque Government, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Adrian Odriozola
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080 Leioa, Spain
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Rivera KR, Bliton RJ, Burclaff J, Czerwinski MJ, Liu J, Trueblood JM, Hinesley CM, Breau KA, Deal HE, Joshi S, Pozdin VA, Yao M, Ziegler AL, Blikslager AT, Daniele MA, Magness ST. Hypoxia Primes Human ISCs for Interleukin-Dependent Rescue of Stem Cell Activity. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:823-846. [PMID: 37562653 PMCID: PMC10520368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hypoxia in the intestinal epithelium can be caused by acute ischemic events or chronic inflammation in which immune cell infiltration produces inflammatory hypoxia starving the mucosa of oxygen. The epithelium has the capacity to regenerate after some ischemic and inflammatory conditions suggesting that intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are highly tolerant to acute and chronic hypoxia; however, the impact of hypoxia on human ISC (hISC) function has not been reported. Here we present a new microphysiological system (MPS) to investigate how hypoxia affects hISCs from healthy donors and test the hypothesis that prolonged hypoxia modulates how hISCs respond to inflammation-associated interleukins (ILs). METHODS hISCs were exposed to <1.0% oxygen in the MPS for 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Viability, hypoxia-inducible factor 1a (HIF1a) response, transcriptomics, cell cycle dynamics, and response to cytokines were evaluated in hISCs under hypoxia. HIF stabilizers and inhibitors were screened to evaluate HIF-dependent responses. RESULTS The MPS enables precise, real-time control and monitoring of oxygen levels at the cell surface. Under hypoxia, hISCs maintain viability until 72 hours and exhibit peak HIF1a at 24 hours. hISC activity was reduced at 24 hours but recovered at 48 hours. Hypoxia induced increases in the proportion of hISCs in G1 and expression changes in 16 IL receptors. Prolyl hydroxylase inhibition failed to reproduce hypoxia-dependent IL-receptor expression patterns. hISC activity increased when treated IL1β, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL10, IL13, and IL25 and rescued hISC activity caused by 24 hours of hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia pushes hISCs into a dormant but reversible proliferative state and primes hISCs to respond to a subset of ILs that preserves hISC activity. These findings have important implications for understanding intestinal epithelial regeneration mechanisms caused by inflammatory hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina R Rivera
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - R Jarrett Bliton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Joseph Burclaff
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Michael J Czerwinski
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jintong Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jessica M Trueblood
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Caroline M Hinesley
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Keith A Breau
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Halston E Deal
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Shlok Joshi
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Vladimir A Pozdin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Ming Yao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Amanda L Ziegler
- Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Anthony T Blikslager
- Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Michael A Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Scott T Magness
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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11
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Rivera KR, Bliton RJ, Burclaff J, Czerwinski MJ, Liu J, Trueblood JM, Hinesley CM, Breau KA, Joshi S, Pozdin VA, Yao M, Ziegler AL, Blikslager AT, Daniele MA, Magness ST. A new microphysiological system shows hypoxia primes human ISCs for interleukin-dependent rescue of stem cell activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.31.524747. [PMID: 36778265 PMCID: PMC9915581 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.31.524747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background & Aims Hypoxia in the intestinal epithelium can be caused by acute ischemic events or conditions like Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) where immune cell infiltration produces 'inflammatory hypoxia', a chronic condition that starves the mucosa of oxygen. Epithelial regeneration after ischemia and IBD suggests intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are highly tolerant to acute and chronic hypoxia; however, the impact of acute and chronic hypoxia on human ISC (hISC) properties have not been reported. Here we present a new microphysiological system (MPS) to investigate how hypoxia affects hISCs isolated from healthy human tissues. We then test the hypothesis that some inflammation-associated interleukins protect hISCs during prolonged hypoxia. Methods hISCs were exposed to <1.0% oxygen in the MPS for 6-, 24-, 48- & 72hrs. Viability, HIF1α response, transcriptomics, cell cycle dynamics, and hISC response to cytokines were evaluated. Results The novel MPS enables precise, real-time control and monitoring of oxygen levels at the cell surface. Under hypoxia, hISCs remain viable until 72hrs and exhibit peak HIF1α at 24hrs. hISCs lose stem cell activity at 24hrs that recovers at 48hrs of hypoxia. Hypoxia increases the proportion of hISCs in G1 and regulates hISC capacity to respond to multiple inflammatory signals. Hypoxia induces hISCs to upregulate many interleukin receptors and hISCs demonstrate hypoxia-dependent cell cycle regulation and increased organoid forming efficiency when treated with specific interleukins. Conclusions Hypoxia primes hISCs to respond differently to interleukins than hISCs in normoxia through a transcriptional response. hISCs slow cell cycle progression and increase hISC activity when treated with hypoxia and specific interleukins. These findings have important implications for epithelial regeneration in the gut during inflammatory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina R. Rivera
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27695 (USA)
| | - R. Jarrett Bliton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27695 (USA)
| | - Joseph Burclaff
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27695 (USA)
| | - Michael J. Czerwinski
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 (USA)
| | - Jintong Liu
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 (USA)
| | - Jessica M. Trueblood
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Caroline M. Hinesley
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Keith A Breau
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 (USA)
| | - Shlok Joshi
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 (USA)
| | - Vladimir A. Pozdin
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695 (USA)
| | - Ming Yao
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 (USA)
| | - Amanda L. Ziegler
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Anthony T. Blikslager
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Michael A. Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27695 (USA)
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695 (USA)
| | - Scott T. Magness
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27695 (USA)
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 (USA)
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 (USA)
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12
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Dou X, Zhang B, Qiao L, Song X, Pi S, Chang J, Zhang X, Zeng X, Zhu L, Xu C. Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles Synthesized by Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 Alleviate Acute Hypobaric Hypoxia-Induced Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in C57BL/6 Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03513-y. [PMID: 36469280 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia at high altitude will cause different tissue and organ damage over a long period of time. Studies have shown that hypobaric hypoxia can cause severe primary intestinal barrier dysfunction, and then cause multiple organ dysfunction. Our previous research showed that selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) synthesized by Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 (L. casei ATCC 393) can effectively alleviate intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by oxidative stress and inflammation in mice. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of biological SeNPs synthesized by L. casei ATCC 393 on intestinal barrier function in acute hypobaric hypoxic stress mice. The results showed that compared with the hypobaric hypoxic, the SeNPs synthesized by L. casei ATCC 393 by oral administration could effectively alleviate the shortening of intestinal villi, which decreased the level of diamine oxidase (DAO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), and the expression level of tight junction protein in ileum was increased. In addition, SeNPs significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), cyclooxygenase (COX-1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and inhibit the increase of hypoxia related factor. SeNPs effectively regulate the intestinal microecology disorder caused by hypobaric hypoxia stress, and maintain the intestinal microecology balance. In addition, oral administration of SeNPs had better protective effect on intestinal barrier function of mice under hypobaric hypoxia stress. These results suggested that SeNPs synthesized by L. casei ATCC 393 can effectively alleviate the damage of intestinal barrier function under acute hypobaric hypoxic stress, which may be closely related to the antioxidant activity of SeNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xina Dou
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Baohua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Lei Qiao
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Xiaofan Song
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Shanyao Pi
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Jiajing Chang
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Xiaonan Zeng
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Lixu Zhu
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Chunlan Xu
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
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13
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Wang C, Cancino A, Baste J, Marten D, Joshi AA, Nasreen A, Bhushan A. Causative Role of Anoxic Environment in Bacterial Regulation of Human Intestinal Function. Cell Mol Bioeng 2022; 15:493-504. [PMID: 36444344 PMCID: PMC9700550 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-022-00735-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Life on Earth depends on oxygen; human tissues require oxygen signaling, whereas many microorganisms, including bacteria, thrive in anoxic environments. Despite these differences, human tissues and bacteria coexist in close proximity to each other such as in the intestine. How oxygen governs intestinal-bacterial interactions remains poorly understood. Methods To address to this gap, we created a dual-oxygen environment in a microfluidic device to study the role of oxygen in regulating the regulation of intestinal enzymes and proteins by gut bacteria. Two-layer microfluidic devices were designed using a fluid transport model and fabricated using soft lithography. An oxygen-sensitive material was integrated to determine the oxygen levels. The intestinal cells were cultured in the upper chamber of the device. The cells were differentiated, upon which bacterial strains, a facultative anaerobe, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, and an obligate anaerobe, Bifidobacterium Adolescentis, were cultured with the intestinal cells. Results The microfluidic device successfully established a dual-oxygen environment. Of particular importance in our findings was that both strains significantly upregulated mucin proteins and modulated several intestinal transporters and transcription factors but only under the anoxic-oxic oxygen gradient, thus providing evidence of the role of oxygen on bacterial-epithelial signaling. Conclusions Our work that integrates cell and molecular biology with bioengineering presents a novel strategy to engineer an accessible experimental system to provide tailored oxygenated environments. The work could provide new avenues to study intestine-microbiome signaling and intestinal tissue engineering, as well as a novel perspective on the indirect effects of gut bacteria on tissues including tumors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-022-00735-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 S. Dearborn Street, Wishnick Hall, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - Andrea Cancino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 S. Dearborn Street, Wishnick Hall, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - Jasmine Baste
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 S. Dearborn Street, Wishnick Hall, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - Daniel Marten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 S. Dearborn Street, Wishnick Hall, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - Advait Anil Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 S. Dearborn Street, Wishnick Hall, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - Amreen Nasreen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 S. Dearborn Street, Wishnick Hall, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - Abhinav Bhushan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 S. Dearborn Street, Wishnick Hall, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
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14
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Cheng J, Sun Y, He J, Wang Z, Li W, Wang R. The mechanism of colon tissue damage mediated by HIF-1α/NF-κB/STAT1 in high-altitude environment. Front Physiol 2022; 13:933659. [PMID: 36164339 PMCID: PMC9508275 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.933659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-altitude environment damages the intestinal mucosal barrier, leading to a high incidence of intestinal diseases and seriously affects the working ability of people at high altitude. However, how high altitude induces intestinal mucosal barrier injury has not been well defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of colonic tissue injury induced by the influence of the high-altitude environment on the colonic microenvironment. Forty-eight SPF C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: the control group and three other that were high-altitude exposure groups (Yushu, Qinghai; elevation: 4,010 m; 12 h, 24 h, 48 h). First, HE staining was used to observe the effect of the high-altitude environment on colon histomorphology of mice. The protein expression levels of claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1 were analyzed by molecular biological methods. We found that altitude caused inflammatory damage to colon tissue. Intestinal hypoxia was measured with the hypoxic probe pimonidazole (PMDZ). Interestingly, we observed a decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the microenvironment in the colonic lumen. We sought to explore the mechanism of colonic mucosal barrier damage at different times when entering high altitude. The expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factors: HIF-1α, STAT1, and NF-κB and of inflammatory factors: IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6 were significantly increased. This work highlights that the high-altitude environment leads to a reduction in the concentration of oxygen in the microenvironment of the colonic lumen, which disrupts the colonic mucosal barrier and ultimately induces and exacerbates intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Cheng
- Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army Pharmacy Department, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuemei Sun
- The Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army Pharmacy Department, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiaxin He
- Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army Pharmacy Department, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- The Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army Pharmacy Department, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- The Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army Pharmacy Department, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- *Correspondence: Wenbin Li, Rong Wang,
| | - Rong Wang
- Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army Pharmacy Department, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- *Correspondence: Wenbin Li, Rong Wang,
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15
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Steiner CA, Cartwright IM, Taylor CT, Colgan SP. Hypoxia-inducible factor as a bridge between healthy barrier function, wound healing, and fibrosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C866-C878. [PMID: 35912990 PMCID: PMC9467472 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00227.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The healthy mammalian intestine is lined by a single layer of epithelial cells. These cells provide a selectively permeable barrier to luminal contents and normally do so in an efficient and effective manner. Barrier function in the healthy mucosa is provided via several mechanisms including epithelial junctional complexes, mucus production, as well as mucosal-derived antimicrobial proteins. As tissue metabolism is central to the maintenance of homeostasis in the mucosa, intestinal [Formula: see text] levels are uniquely low due to counter-current blood flow and the presence of the microbiota, resulting in the stabilization of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Ongoing studies have revealed that HIF molds normal intestinal metabolism and is central to the coordination of barrier regulation during both homeostasis and active disease. During acute inflammation, HIF is central to controlling the rapid restitution of the epithelium consistent with normal wound healing responses. In contrast, HIF may also contribute to the fibrostenotic response associated with chronic, nonresolving inflammation. As such, HIF may function as a double-edged sword in the overall course of the inflammatory response. Here, we review recent literature on the contribution of HIF to mucosal barrier function, wound healing, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calen A Steiner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ian M Cartwright
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute and Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
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16
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Tian B, Deng Q, Guo C. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α Stability Modified by Glutaredoxin-1 in Necrotizing Enterocolitis. J Surg Res 2022; 280:429-439. [PMID: 36049244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α is essential for the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). HIF-1α is stabilized by glutaredoxin-1 (Grx1) deletion. The precise role of HIF-1α in the intestinal microcirculation in NEC is not well defined. We aimed to determine the role of HIF-1α in the regulation of the intestinal microcirculation during the development of NEC. METHODS Experimental NEC was induced in full-term C57BL/6 mice and Grx1-/- pups through the formula gavage and hypoxia technique. HIF-1α signaling was blocked using the HIF-1α inhibitor, YC-1 [3-(5-hydroxymethyl-2-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole]. Intestinal tissues were collected at predetermined time points for the assessment of the intestinal microcirculation and HIF-1α activity and signaling. RESULTS We found that NEC induction impaired the intestinal microcirculation, but the impairment of the intestinal blood flow and capillary density was ameliorated in Grx1-/- mice. This amelioration was associated with tripeptide glutathione-protein adducts in the intestinal tissue. Grx1 ablation also promoted vascular endothelial growth factor A production in the intestinal tissue. This intestinal microvascular improvement was not found in HIF-1α-inhibited mice, suggesting that HIF-1α was involved in the intestinal microcirculatory perfusion. CONCLUSIONS The current data demonstrated that HIF-1α signaling is involved in the intestinal microvascular modification during the pathogenesis of NEC, suggesting that targeting HIF-1α might be a promising strategy for NEC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Women and Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Women and Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Tian
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Women and Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Deng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Women and Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunbao Guo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Women and Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Burn, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China.
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17
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Ibrahimi R, Ibrahimi M, Jamalzei B, Akbari ME, Navari M, Moossavi M, Khorasani M. Association between interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) VNTR, gene polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility in Iranian population: Experimental and web-based analysis. Int J Immunogenet 2022; 49:254-259. [PMID: 35838420 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality. Growing evidence indicates that interleukins and its polymorphisms are involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism can affect transcription rate, mRNA stability and also the resulting protein expression and activity. Hence, present study aimed to assess the possible association between interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) VNTR polymorphism, and breast cancer susceptibility in Iranian population. A total of 300 Iranian individuals, 150 breast cancer patients and 150 age-matched healthy women, were included in this study. DNA extracted by salting out method and genotyping was done using the polymerase chain reaction. The frequency of the allele 2(5% vs. 22%) and the 2/2 genotype (22% vs. 46%) of IL-1Ra VNTR polymorphism was significantly higher in healthy control compared to breast cancer patient: therefore, A2 allele may play a protective role against breast cancer and its progression (p = .0001 and OR = 0.105, 95% CI: [0.044-0.248]). The allele 2 and 2/2 genotype of the IL-Ra VNTR polymorphism can be a protective factor against breast cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ibrahimi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ibrahimi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Jamalzei
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Navari
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Maryam Moossavi
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Milad Khorasani
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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18
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Hari S, Burns GL, Hoedt EC, Keely S, Talley NJ. Eosinophils, Hypoxia-Inducible Factors, and Barrier Dysfunction in Functional Dyspepsia. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:851482. [PMID: 35769556 PMCID: PMC9234913 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.851482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a highly prevalent disorder of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), previously known as a functional gastrointestinal disorder. Characterized by early satiety, postprandial fullness, and/or epigastric pain or burning, diagnosis depends on positive symptomatology and exclusion of obvious structural diseases. A subtle inflammatory phenotype has been identified in FD patients, involving an increase in duodenal mucosal eosinophils, and imbalances in the duodenal gut microbiota. A dysregulated epithelial barrier has also been well described in FD and is thought to be a contributing factor to the low-grade duodenal inflammation observed, however the mechanisms underpinning this are poorly understood. One possible explanation is that alterations in the microbiota and increased immune cells can result in the activation of cellular stress response pathways to perpetuate epithelial barrier dysregulation. One such cellular response pathway involves the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF). HIF, a transcriptional protein involved in the cellular recognition and adaptation to hypoxia, has been identified as a critical component of various pathologies, from cancer to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While the contribution of HIF to subtle inflammation, such as that seen in FD, is unknown, HIF has been shown to have roles in regulating the inflammatory response, particularly the recruitment of eosinophils, as well as maintaining epithelial barrier structure and function. As such, we aim to review our present understanding of the involvement of eosinophils, barrier dysfunction, and the changes to the gut microbiota including the potential pathways and mechanisms of HIF in FD. A combination of PubMed searches using the Mesh terms functional dyspepsia, functional gastrointestinal disorders, disorders of gut-brain interaction, duodenal eosinophilia, barrier dysfunction, gut microbiota, gut dysbiosis, low-grade duodenal inflammation, hypoxia-inducible factors (or HIF), and/or intestinal inflammation were undertaken in the writing of this narrative review to ensure relevant literature was included. Given the findings from various sources of literature, we propose a novel hypothesis involving a potential role for HIF in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Hari
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Grace L. Burns
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily C. Hoedt
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Talley
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Nicholas J. Talley
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19
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Lei X, Teng W, Fan Y, Zhu Y, Yao L, Li Y, Zhu S. The protective effects of HIF-1α activation on sepsis induced intestinal mucosal barrier injury in rats model of sepsis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268445. [PMID: 35576220 PMCID: PMC9109928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the intestinal barrier is critical for protecting the host against the pathogen. The role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in the intestinal barrier disfunction related to sepsis remained unclear. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of HIF-1α on oxidative damage, the intestinal mucosal permeability, structural and morphological changes during sepsis. Twenty-four Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups of 6 rats each: the sham group (sham), sepsis group (subjected to cecal ligation and perforation, CLP), sepsis + DMOG group (40 mg/kg of DMOG by intraperitoneal injection for 7 consecutive days before CLP), and sepsis + BAY 87–2243 group (9 mg/kg of BAY 87–2243 orally administered for 3 consecutive days before CLP). Sepsis increased plasma levels of inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress markers and HIF-1α expression; caused pathological damage; increased permeability (P < 0.05); and decreased TJ protein expression in the intestinal mucosa of rats with sepsis (P < 0.05). The addition of DMOG up-regulated HIF-1α, then decreased the plasma levels of inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress markers, alleviated pathological damage to the intestinal mucosa and decreased intestinal permeability (P < 0.05); while BAY 87–2243 treatment had the opposite effects. Our findings showed that HIF-1α protects the intestinal barrier function of septic rats by inhibiting intestinal inflammation and oxidative damage, our results provide a novel insight for developing sepsis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenbin Teng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yeke Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liuxu Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (SZ)
| | - Shengmei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (SZ)
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20
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Ramírez-Rico G, Drago-Serrano ME, León-Sicairos N, de la Garza M. Lactoferrin: A Nutraceutical with Activity against Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:855852. [PMID: 35264972 PMCID: PMC8899398 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.855852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis in the human body results from the tight regulation of several events, since too little inflammation disrupts the process of tissue repair and remodeling, whereas too much exerts a collateral effect by causing tissue damage with life-threatening consequences. In some clinical conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), inflammation functions as a double-edged sword by either enabling or inhibiting cancer development and progression. Generally, cancer develops through evasion mechanisms that regulate cell growth, causing a high rate of uncontrolled proliferation, and mechanisms for evading cell death, such as apoptosis. Moreover, chronic inflammation is a factor that contributes to colorectal cancer (CRC), as observed in individuals with IBD; all these conditions favor an increased rate of angiogenesis and eventual metastasis. Lactoferrin (Lf) is a mammalian iron-binding multifunctional glycoprotein regarded as a natural compound that up- and downregulates both humoral and cellular components of immunity involved in regulating the inflammatory response and maintaining gut homeostasis. Human and bovine Lf share high sequence homology and have very similar antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities. Bovine Lf from milk is considered a safe molecule and is commercially available in large quantities. This review mainly focuses on the regulatory effects of orally administered bovine Lf on the inflammatory response associated with CRC; this approach indicates that CRC is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers and affects the intestinal tract with high clinical and epidemiologic relevance. Thus, this review may provide foundations for the potential use of bovine Lf alone or as a natural adjunct agent to increase the effectiveness and reduce the side effects of anticancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Ramírez-Rico
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), México City, Mexico
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, Mexico
| | - Maria Elisa Drago-Serrano
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nidia León-Sicairos
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada a La Salud Pública (CIASaP), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
- Hospital Pediátrico de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Mireya de la Garza
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), México City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Mireya de la Garza,
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21
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Sabui S, Ramamoorthy K, Romero JM, Simoes RD, Fleckenstein JM, Said HM. Hypoxia inhibits colonic uptake of the microbiota-generated forms of vitamin B1 via HIF-1α-mediated transcriptional regulation of their transporters. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101562. [PMID: 34998824 PMCID: PMC8800108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia exerts profound effects on cell physiology, but its effect on colonic uptake of the microbiota-generated forms of vitamin B1 (i.e., thiamin pyrophosphate [TPP] and free thiamine) has not been described. Here, we used human colonic epithelial NCM460 cells and human differentiated colonoid monolayers as in vitro and ex vivo models, respectively, and were subjected to either chamber (1% O2, 5% CO2, and 94% N2) or chemically (desferrioxamine; 250 μM)-induced hypoxia followed by determination of different physiological-molecular parameters. We showed that hypoxia causes significant inhibition in TPP and free thiamin uptake by colonic NCM460 cells and colonoid monolayers; it also caused a significant reduction in the expression of TPP (SLC44A4) and free thiamin (SLC19A2 and SLC19A3) transporters and in activity of their gene promoters. Furthermore, hypoxia caused a significant induction in levels of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF)-1α but not HIF-2α. Knocking down HIF-1α using gene-specific siRNAs in NCM460 cells maintained under hypoxic conditions, on the other hand, led to a significant reversal in the inhibitory effect of hypoxia on TPP and free thiamin uptake as well as on the expression of their transporters. Finally, a marked reduction in level of expression of the nuclear factors cAMP responsive element-binding protein 1 and gut-enriched Krüppel-like factor 4 (required for activity of SLC44A4 and SLC19A2 promoters, respectively) was observed under hypoxic conditions. In summary, hypoxia causes severe inhibition in colonic TPP and free thiamin uptake that is mediated at least in part via HIF-1α-mediated transcriptional mechanisms affecting their respective transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Sabui
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, UCI, Irvine, California, USA; Department of Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA
| | | | - Jose M Romero
- Department of Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA; Department of Medicine, UCI, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Rita D Simoes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - James M Fleckenstein
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hamid M Said
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, UCI, Irvine, California, USA; Department of Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA; Department of Medicine, UCI, Irvine, California, USA.
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22
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Chen W, Chang K, Chen J, Zhao X, Gao S. Dietary sodium butyrate supplementation attenuates intestinal inflammatory response and improves gut microbiota composition in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed with a high soybean meal diet. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1805-1819. [PMID: 34518972 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-01004-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary sodium butyrate (NaBT) supplementation on the gut health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed with a high soybean meal diet. Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated: a high fishmeal group (Control); a high soybean meal group (SBM), in which the 30% fishmeal protein in the Control diet was replaced by soy protein; and an NaBT group, in which 0.2% NaBT was added to the SBM diet. Each diet was fed to triplicate tanks (20 fish in each tank). After 8 weeks of feeding trial, the distal intestine and intestinal digesta of the fish in each treatment were sampled. The results showed that fishmeal replacement and NaBT supplementation did not affect fish growth performance. Dietary 0.2% NaBT supplementation improved intestinal morphology, increasing the villus width and villus height and reducing the width of lamina propria. The distal intestine of fish in the control and NaBT groups demonstrated lower activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and a lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content, compared with the fish in the SBM group. Moreover, the addition of 0.2% NaBT in the feed significantly decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) compared to the SBM diet. PCoA and UPGMA analyses based on weighted UniFrac distances demonstrated that intestinal microbial communities in the NaBT group were closer to those in the control group than to those in the SBM group. In addition, dietary 0.2% NaBT supplementation significantly increased the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and decreased the abundance of Tenericutes at the phylum level. Furthermore, the abundance of Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae_unclassified, and Lachnospiraceae_uncultured was significantly increased, while that of Mycoplasma was significantly decreased in fish intestine at NaBT group at the genus level. In conclusion, dietary NaBT supplementation had beneficial roles in protecting the gut health of largemouth bass from the impairments caused by soybean meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China.
| | - Kuo Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Jialong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Shiyang Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
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23
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Holzner LMW, Murray AJ. Hypoxia-Inducible Factors as Key Players in the Pathogenesis of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:753268. [PMID: 34692739 PMCID: PMC8526542 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.753268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its more severe form non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are a major public health concern with high and increasing global prevalence, and a significant disease burden owing to its progression to more severe forms of liver disease and the associated risk of cardiovascular disease. Treatment options, however, remain scarce, and a better understanding of the pathological and physiological processes involved could enable the development of new therapeutic strategies. One process implicated in the pathology of NAFLD and NASH is cellular oxygen sensing, coordinated largely by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) family of transcription factors. Activation of HIFs has been demonstrated in patients and mouse models of NAFLD and NASH and studies of activation and inhibition of HIFs using pharmacological and genetic tools point toward important roles for these transcription factors in modulating central aspects of the disease. HIFs appear to act in several cell types in the liver to worsen steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, but may nevertheless improve insulin sensitivity. Moreover, in liver and other tissues, HIF activation alters mitochondrial respiratory function and metabolism, having an impact on energetic and redox homeostasis. This article aims to provide an overview of current understanding of the roles of HIFs in NAFLD, highlighting areas where further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz M W Holzner
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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24
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Gamah M, Alahdal M, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Ji Q, Yuan Z, Han Y, Shen X, Ren Y, Zhang W. High-altitude hypoxia exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis by upregulating Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7985-7994. [PMID: 34666625 PMCID: PMC8806510 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1975017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High altitude hypoxia (HAH) involves the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) and gastrointestinal erosions. However, the mechanism of effects of HAH in colitis remains controversial. This study reports the immunomodulation mediated by HAH to enhancing the severity of UC in the mice model. BALB/c mice were used to establish the UC model by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) compared to wild type mice. Mice groups were exposed to hypoxic conditions in a hypobaric chamber with an altitude of 5000 m for 7 days. Then, Spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and colon tissues were collected. The activity of UC, the infiltration of the immune cells, and the released cytokines were investigated. Results showed that the severity of DSS-induced UC significantly increased in mice exposed to HAH. The analysis of pathological changes showed increased weight loss and decreased colon length accompanied by diarrhea and bloody feces in the hypobaric hypoxia group. Interestingly, the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-17, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the spleen and mesenteric lymph node showed a significant increase within the colon of the hypobaric hypoxia group. The population of Th 1 and Th 17 cells in the spleen was significantly increased in mice exposed to hypobaric hypoxia compared NC group. Suggesting that high altitude hypoxia enhances colitis in mice through activating the increase of inflammatory Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes. In conclusion, this study revealed that hypobaric hypoxia directly increases the severity of UC in the mice model via increasing the activity of inflammatory CD4+ Th1 and Th 17 lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Gamah
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China.,Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China
| | - Murad Alahdal
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Health Science Center), Shenzhen P. R. China.,Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hodeidah University, Al Hudaydah, Yemen
| | - Yu Zhang
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China
| | - Yiling Zhou
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China
| | - Qiaorong Ji
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Zhouyang Yuan
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ying Han
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China
| | - Xiangqun Shen
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China
| | - Yanming Ren
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China.,Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China
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25
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Zaiatz Bittencourt V, Jones F, Doherty G, Ryan EJ. Targeting Immune Cell Metabolism in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1684-1693. [PMID: 33693743 PMCID: PMC8522790 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cells of the immune system are highly dynamic, constantly sensing and adapting to changes in their surroundings. Complex metabolic pathways govern leukocytes' ability to fine-tune their responses to external threats. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and hypoxia inducible factor are important hubs of these pathways and play a critical role coordinating cell activation and proliferation and cytokine production. For this reason, these molecules are attractive therapeutic targets in inflammatory disease. Insight into perturbations in immune cell metabolic pathways and their impact on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) progression are starting to emerge. However, it remains to be determined whether the aberrations in immune metabolism that occur in gut resident immune cells contribute to disease pathogenesis or are reflected in the peripheral blood of patients with IBD. In this review, we explore what is known about the metabolic profile of T cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells in IBD and discuss the potential of manipulating immune cell metabolism as a novel approach to treating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Zaiatz Bittencourt
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona Jones
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Glen Doherty
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth J Ryan
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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26
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Shastri S, Shinde T, Woolley KL, Smith JA, Gueven N, Eri R. Short-Chain Naphthoquinone Protects Against Both Acute and Spontaneous Chronic Murine Colitis by Alleviating Inflammatory Responses. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:709973. [PMID: 34497514 PMCID: PMC8419285 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.709973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterised by chronic, relapsing, idiopathic, and multifactorial colon inflammation. Recent evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the onset and recurrence of this disease. Previous reports highlighted the potential of short-chain quinones (SCQs) for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction due to their reversible redox characteristics. We hypothesised that a recently described potent mitoprotective SCQ (UTA77) could ameliorate UC symptoms and pathology. In a dextran sodium sulphate- (DSS-) induced acute colitis model in C57BL/6J mice, UTA77 substantially improved DSS-induced body weight loss, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, and histopathology. UTA77 administration also significantly increased the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins occludin and zona-occludin 1 (ZO-1), which preserved intestinal barrier integrity. Similar responses were observed in the spontaneous Winnie model of chronic colitis, where UTA77 significantly improved DAI, colon length, and histopathology. Furthermore, UTA77 potently suppressed elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in colonic explants of both DSS-treated and Winnie mice. These results strongly suggest that UTA77 or its derivatives could be a promising novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of human UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Shastri
- Gut Health Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Tanvi Shinde
- Gut Health Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia.,Centre for Food Innovation, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Krystel L Woolley
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jason A Smith
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Nuri Gueven
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- Gut Health Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
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27
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Protective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Protegrin-1 on Citrobacter rodentium Intestinal Infection in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179494. [PMID: 34502403 PMCID: PMC8431371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious intestinal colitis, manifesting as intestinal inflammation, diarrhea, and epithelial barrier disruption, affects millions of humans worldwide and, without effective treatment, can result in death. In addition to this, the significant rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses an urgent need for alternative anti-infection therapies for the treatment of intestinal disorders. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are potential therapies that have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity due to their (1) unique mode of action, (2) broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and (3) protective role in GI tract maintenance. Protegrin-1 (PG-1) is an AMP of pig origin that was previously shown to reduce the pathological effects of chemically induced digestive tract inflammation (colitis) and to modulate immune responses and tissue repair. This study aimed to extend these findings by investigating the protective effects of PG-1 on pathogen-induced colitis in an infection study over a 10-day experimental period. The oral administration of PG-1 reduced Citrobacter rodentium intestinal infection in mice as evidenced by reduced histopathologic change in the colon, prevention of body weight loss, milder clinical signs of disease, and more effective clearance of bacterial infection relative to challenged phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated mice. Additionally, PG-1 treatment altered the expression of various inflammatory mediators during infection, which may act to resolve inflammation and re-establish intestinal homeostasis. PG-1 administered in its mature form was more effective relative to the pro-form (ProPG-1). To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the protective effects of PG-1 on infectious colitis.
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28
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Konjar Š, Pavšič M, Veldhoen M. Regulation of Oxygen Homeostasis at the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Site. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179170. [PMID: 34502078 PMCID: PMC8431628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique biology of the intestinal epithelial barrier is linked to a low baseline oxygen pressure (pO2), characterised by a high rate of metabolites circulating through the intestinal blood and the presence of a steep oxygen gradient across the epithelial surface. These characteristics require tight regulation of oxygen homeostasis, achieved in part by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent signalling. Furthermore, intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) possess metabolic identities that are reflected in changes in mitochondrial function. In recent years, it has become widely accepted that oxygen metabolism is key to homeostasis at the mucosae. In addition, the gut has a vast and diverse microbial population, the microbiota. Microbiome–gut communication represents a dynamic exchange of mediators produced by bacterial and intestinal metabolism. The microbiome contributes to the maintenance of the hypoxic environment, which is critical for nutrient absorption, intestinal barrier function, and innate and/or adaptive immune responses in the gastrointestinal tract. In this review, we focus on oxygen homeostasis at the epithelial barrier site, how it is regulated by hypoxia and the microbiome, and how oxygen homeostasis at the epithelium is regulated in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Špela Konjar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - Miha Pavšič
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Marc Veldhoen
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
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29
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Abstract
The use of antibodies in the treatment of lung diseases is of increasing interest especially as the search for COVID-19 therapies has unfolded. Historically, the use of antibody therapy was based on multiple targets including receptors involved in local hyper-reactivity in asthma, viruses and micro-organisms involved in a variety of pulmonary infectious disease. Generally, protein therapeutics pose challenges with respect to formulation and delivery to retain activity and assure therapy. The specificity of antibodies amplifies the need for attention to molecular integrity not only in formulation but also during aerosol delivery for pulmonary administration. Drug product development can be viewed from considerations of route of administration, dosage form, quality, and performance measures. Nebulizers and dry powder inhalers have been used to deliver protein therapeutics and each has its advantages that should be matched to the needs of the drug and the disease. This review offers insight into quality and performance barriers and the opportunities that arise from meeting them effectively.
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30
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Lee C, Hong SN, Kim ER, Chang DK, Kim YH. Depletion of Intestinal Stem Cell Niche Factors Contributes to the Alteration of Epithelial Differentiation in SAMP1/YitFcsJ Mice With Crohn Disease-Like Ileitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:667-676. [PMID: 33274375 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SAMP1/YitFcsJ (SAMP1) mice spontaneously develop terminal ileitis resembling human Crohn disease. SAMP1 mice have exhibited alteration of epithelial cell lineage distribution and an overall proliferation of the crypt cell population; however, it has not been evaluated whether epithelial differentiation is impaired because of dysfunction of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) or their niche factors. METHODS Using the intestine of SAMP1 mice aged 10 to 14 weeks, morphometric alterations in the crypt-villus architecture, ISCs, crypt cells, and differentiated cells; organoid formation capacity of intestinal crypts; and niche signaling pathways were analyzed and compared with those of age-matched control AKR/J (AKR) mice. RESULTS The ileum of SAMP1 mice showed increased depth of intestinal crypts and decreased surface area of the villi compared with those in the ileum of AKR mice. The number of ISCs in the ileal crypts did not differ between SAMP1 and AKR mice; however, the number of Paneth cells decreased and the number of transient amplifying cells increased. The organoid formation rate of the ileal crypts of SAMP1 mice decreased significantly compared with that of AKR mice. The performance of RNA sequencing for intestinal crypts found that the expression of ISC niche factors, such as Wnt3, Dll1, and Dll4, was decreased significantly in the ileal crypts of SAMP1 mice compared with those of AKR mice. Among the ISC niche signals, the Notch signaling-related genes tended to be downregulated. In particular, immunocytochemistry revealed that the expression of Paneth cell-expressing Notch ligand Dll4 was significantly decreased in the intestinal tissue and organoids of SAMP1 mice compared with those of AKR mice. CONCLUSIONS Depletion of niche factors for ISCs contributes to the alteration of epithelial differentiation in SAMP1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chansu Lee
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Noh Hong
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ran Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Kyung Chang
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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31
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Chen Y, Gaber T. Hypoxia/HIF Modulates Immune Responses. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030260. [PMID: 33808042 PMCID: PMC8000289 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen availability varies throughout the human body in health and disease. Under physiological conditions, oxygen availability drops from the lungs over the blood stream towards the different tissues into the cells and the mitochondrial cavities leading to physiological low oxygen conditions or physiological hypoxia in all organs including primary lymphoid organs. Moreover, immune cells travel throughout the body searching for damaged cells and foreign antigens facing a variety of oxygen levels. Consequently, physiological hypoxia impacts immune cell function finally controlling innate and adaptive immune response mainly by transcriptional regulation via hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Under pathophysiological conditions such as found in inflammation, injury, infection, ischemia and cancer, severe hypoxia can alter immune cells leading to dysfunctional immune response finally leading to tissue damage, cancer progression and autoimmunity. Here we summarize the effects of physiological and pathophysiological hypoxia on innate and adaptive immune activity, we provide an overview on the control of immune response by cellular hypoxia-induced pathways with focus on the role of HIFs and discuss the opportunity to target hypoxia-sensitive pathways for the treatment of cancer and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Chen
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Ember of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Timo Gaber
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Ember of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-513364
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32
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Butyrate Protects Porcine Colon Epithelium from Hypoxia-Induced Damage on a Functional Level. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020305. [PMID: 33498991 PMCID: PMC7911740 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The large intestinal epithelium is confronted with the necessity to adapt quickly to varying levels of oxygenation. In contrast to other tissues, it meets this requirement successfully and remains unharmed during (limited) hypoxic periods. The large intestine is also the site of bacterial fermentation producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Amongst these SCFA, butyrate has been reported to ameliorate many pathological conditions. Thus, we hypothesized that butyrate protects the colonocytes from hypoxic damage. We used isolated porcine colon epithelium mounted in Ussing chambers, incubated it with or without butyrate and simulated hypoxia by changing the gassing regime to test this hypothesis. We found an increase in transepithelial conductance and a decrease in short-circuit current across the epithelia when simulating hypoxia for more than 30 min. Incubation with 50 mM butyrate significantly ameliorated these changes to the epithelial integrity. In order to characterize the protective mechanism, we compared the effects of butyrate to those of iso-butyrate and propionate. These two SCFAs exerted similar effects to butyrate. Therefore, we propose that the protective effect of butyrate on colon epithelium under hypoxia is not (only) based on its nutritive function, but rather on the intracellular signaling effects of SCFA.
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33
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Ghattamaneni NKR, Brown L. Functional foods from the tropics to relieve chronic normobaric hypoxia. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 286:103599. [PMID: 33333240 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Functional foods with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are regarded as a complementary therapy to improve chronic diseases such as obesity and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammatory state leading to organ damage with increased risk of common diseases including cardiovascular and metabolic disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, osteoarthritis and some cancers. IBD is a chronic intestinal inflammation categorised as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis depending on the location of inflammation. These inflammatory states are characterised by normobaric hypoxia in adipose and intestinal tissues, respectively. Tropical foods especially from Australia and South America are discussed in this review to show their potential in attenuation of these chronic diseases. The phytochemicals from these foods have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities to reduce chronic normobaric hypoxia in the tissues. These health benefits of the tropical foods are relevant not only for health economy but also in providing a global solution by improving the sustainability of their cultivation and assisting the local economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga K R Ghattamaneni
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, 4305, Australia; School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, 4305, Australia
| | - Lindsay Brown
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, 4305, Australia; School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, 4305, Australia.
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34
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Dey P. Targeting gut barrier dysfunction with phytotherapies: Effective strategy against chronic diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105135. [PMID: 32814166 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial layer serves as a physical and functional barrier between the microbe-rich lumen and immunologically active submucosa; it prevents systemic translocation of microbial pyrogenic products (e.g. endotoxin) that elicits immune activation upon translocation to the systemic circulation. Loss of barrier function has been associated with chronic 'low-grade' systemic inflammation which underlies pathogenesis of numerous no-communicable chronic inflammatory disease. Thus, targeting gut barrier dysfunction is an effective strategy for the prevention and/or treatment of chronic disease. This review intends to emphasize on the beneficial effects of herbal formulations, phytochemicals and traditional phytomedicines in attenuating intestinal barrier dysfunction. It also aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of intestinal-level events leading to a 'leaky-gut' and systemic complications mediated by endotoxemia. Additionally, a variety of detectable markers and diagnostic criteria utilized to evaluate barrier improving capacities of experimental therapeutics has been discussed. Collectively, this review provides rationale for targeting gut barrier dysfunction by phytotherapies for treating chronic diseases that are associated with endotoxemia-induced systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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35
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Postovalova EA, Makarova OV, Kosyreva AM, Dzhalilova DS. Hypoxia is a key mechanism for regulating inflammation in ulcerative colitis. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2020.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC), is the group of difficult to diagnose widespread among the population diseases. Pathogenesis of the disease is associated with a complex interaction of the genetic factors, the environment, the microbiome and the unpredicted reaction of the immune system, and the existing treatment methods are not effective enough. It is known, that hypoxia plays a key role in both system and local inflammatory reactions, mainly due to microcirculatory disorders and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Therefore a lot of studies have demonstrated that severity of any inflammatory diseases, including Crohn's disease (CD) and UC depends on hypoxia resistance. In this review we discussed microcirculation of blood and physiological hypoxia in the intestine, the role of hypoxia-inducible factors in the development of IBD and UC, as well as their influence on the severity of the inflammatory process. Authors described the protective effect of various PHD inhibitors and its benefits and disadvantages, so as new approaches of searching of very specific low molecular weight substanses as drugs for the control of IBD and UC.
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36
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Beyond Heat Stress: Intestinal Integrity Disruption and Mechanism-Based Intervention Strategies. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030734. [PMID: 32168808 PMCID: PMC7146479 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The current climate changes have increased the prevalence and intensity of heat stress (HS) conditions. One of the initial consequences of HS is the impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier integrity due to hyperthermia and hypoxia following blood repartition, which often results in a leaky gut followed by penetration and transfer of luminal antigens, endotoxins, and pathogenic bacteria. Under extreme conditions, HS may culminate in the onset of “heat stroke”, a potential lethal condition if remaining untreated. HS-induced alterations of the gastrointestinal epithelium, which is associated with a leaky gut, are due to cellular oxidative stress, disruption of intestinal integrity, and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This review summarizes the possible resilience mechanisms based on in vitro and in vivo data and the potential interventions with a group of nutritional supplements, which may increase the resilience to HS-induced intestinal integrity disruption and maintain intestinal homeostasis.
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37
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The Role of MicroRNAs upon Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111461. [PMID: 31752264 PMCID: PMC6912477 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggest the significance of inflammation in the progression of cancer, for example the development of colorectal cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients. Long-lasting inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract causes serious systemic complications and breaks the homeostasis of the intestine, where the altered expression of regulatory genes and miRNAs trigger malignant transformations. Several steps lead from acute inflammation to malignancies: epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inhibitory microRNAs (miRNAs) are known factors during multistage carcinogenesis and IBD pathogenesis. In this review, we outline the interactions between EMT components and miRNAs that may affect cancer development during IBD.
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38
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Yu H, Yu W, Liu Y, Yuan X, Yuan R, Guo Q. Expression of HIF‑1α in cycling stretch‑induced osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4489-4498. [PMID: 31702030 PMCID: PMC6797986 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During orthodontic treatment, mechanical force is applied to the teeth, and following a series of complex metabolism changes, the position of the teeth in the alveolar bone change. This process is closely associated with primitive bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which may differentiate into osteoblasts precursor cell. A hypoxic microenvironment may be caused by orthodontic mechanical forces between the alveolar bone and the root. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is a specific receptor that adapts to a hypoxic environment. The present study was designed to investigate whether HIF-1α was involved in the osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs induced by cyclic tensile stress. During this process, HIF-1α mRNA and protein expression were detected using a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. It was revealed that alkaline phosphatase activity increased in a time-dependent manner in three different stretching strength groups, which indicates that cyclic stretch promotes the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The optimal force stage of osteogenesis was an unexpected discovery, which will provide theoretical guidance for selecting the most suitable orthodontic force for tooth movement in clinical orthodontic treatment. Most importantly, all experiments revealed that HIF-1α mRNA and protein were significantly increased following stretching treatment in BMSCs. It was therefore concluded that HIF-1α may be involved in BMSCs modulating osteogenic metabolism during exposure to cyclic stretch and a hypoxic microenvironment, which may prove useful for the reconstruction of a jaw during orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Yu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Wenyi Yu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Orthodontics II, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Rongtao Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Qingyuan Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
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39
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Solanki S, Devenport SN, Ramakrishnan SK, Shah YM. Temporal induction of intestinal epithelial hypoxia-inducible factor-2α is sufficient to drive colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G98-G107. [PMID: 31241981 PMCID: PMC6734372 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00081.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a notable feature of inflammatory bowel disease and chronic induction of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α (endothelial PAS domain protein 1, EPAS1) play important, but opposing, roles in its pathogenesis. While activation of HIF-1α decreases intestinal inflammation and is beneficial in colitis, activation of HIF-2α exacerbates colitis and increases colon carcinogenesis in animal models, primarily due to the role of epithelial HIF-2α in mounting a potent inflammatory response. Previous work from our laboratory showed that mice overexpressing intestinal epithelial HIF-2α led to massive intestinal inflammation and decreased survival. As oxygen homeostasis and HIFs are critical in embryonic development, it is not clear whether the observed intestinal inflammatory response was secondary to developmental defects. To address this question, the present study used a mouse model to temporally modulate expression of intestinal epithelial HIF-2α to assess its role in mediating inflammatory response. Remarkably, activation of HIF-2α in intestinal epithelial cells in adult mice increased expression of proinflammatory mediators; however, no decrease in survival was observed. Furthermore, in an acute model of colitis, activation of HIF-2α was sufficient to exacerbate colitis. These data confirm our previous finding that epithelial HIF-2α mediates inflammatory response and demonstrates that activation of HIF-2α is sufficient to exacerbate colitis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease of the intestinal tract. Hypoxia and activation of its downstream transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α are notable features of IBD. HIF-1α has well-characterized protective roles in IBD; however, the role of HIF-2α has been less studied. Using novel HIF-2α mouse models, we show that activation of HIF-2α in intestinal epithelial cells is sufficient to exacerbate colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Solanki
- 1Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Samantha N. Devenport
- 1Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,2Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sadeesh K. Ramakrishnan
- 1Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yatrik M. Shah
- 1Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,3Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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40
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Halligan DN, Khan MN, Brown E, Rowan CR, Coulter IS, Doherty GA, Tambuwala MM, Taylor CT. Hypoxia-inducible factor hydroxylase inhibition enhances the protective effects of cyclosporine in colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G90-G97. [PMID: 31070931 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00049.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by epithelial barrier dysfunction with resultant inflammation as the mucosal immune system becomes exposed to luminal antigens. The hydroxylase inhibitor dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) reduces symptoms in experimental colitis through the upregulation of genes promoting barrier function and inhibition of epithelial cell apoptosis. The immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine reduces inflammation associated with IBD via suppression of immune cell activation. Given the distinct barrier protective effect of DMOG and the anti-inflammatory properties of cyclosporine, we hypothesized that combining these drugs may provide an enhanced protective effect by targeting both barrier dysfunction and inflammation simultaneously. We used the dextran sulfate sodium model of colitis in C57BL/6 mice to determine the combinatorial efficacy of cyclosporine and DMOG. While cyclosporine and DMOG ameliorated disease progression, in combination they had an additive protective effect that surpassed the level of protection afforded by either drug alone. The ability of DMOG to augment the anti-inflammatory effects of cyclosporine was largely due to preservation of barrier function and at least in part due to zonula occludens-1 regulation. We propose that combining the barrier protective effects of a hydroxylase inhibitor with the anti-inflammatory effects of cyclosporine provides added therapeutic benefit in colitis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Inflammatory bowel disease is the result of decreased intestinal epithelial barrier function leading to exposure of the mucosal immune system to luminal antigens causing inflammation, which in turn further decreases epithelial barrier function. We demonstrate for the first time that strengthening the epithelial barrier with a hydroxylase inhibitor in combination with the administration of the immunosuppressive cyclosporine provides additive therapeutic advantage in a murine model of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doug N Halligan
- The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Sigmoid Pharma, The Invent Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mohammed N Khan
- The Saad Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Brown
- The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine R Rowan
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ivan S Coulter
- Sigmoid Pharma, The Invent Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Glen A Doherty
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- The Saad Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Hypoxic Environment Promotes Barrier Formation in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells through Regulation of MicroRNA 320a Expression. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00553-18. [PMID: 31061092 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00553-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are exposed to the low-oxygen environment present in the lumen of the gut. These hypoxic conditions on one hand are fundamental for the survival of the commensal microbiota and, on the other hand, favor the formation of a selective semipermeable barrier, allowing IECs to transport essential nutrients/water while keeping the sterile internal compartments separated from the lumen containing commensals. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) complex, which allows cells to respond and adapt to fluctuations in oxygen levels, has been described as a key regulator in maintaining IEC barrier function by regulating their tight junction integrity. In this study, we sought to better evaluate the mechanisms by which low oxygen conditions impact the barrier function of human IECs. By profiling miRNA expression in IECs under hypoxia, we identified microRNA 320a (miRNA-320a) as a novel barrier formation regulator. Using pharmacological inhibitors and short hairpin RNA-mediated silencing, we could demonstrate that expression of this microRNA (miRNA) was HIF dependent. Importantly, using overexpression and knockdown approaches of miRNA-320a, we could confirm its direct role in the regulation of barrier function in human IECs. These results reveal an important link between miRNA expression and barrier integrity, providing a novel insight into mechanisms of hypoxia-driven epithelial homeostasis.
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42
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Sun L, Li T, Tang H, Yu K, Ma Y, Yu M, Qiu Y, Xu P, Xiao W, Yang H. Intestinal Epithelial Cells-Derived Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Is Essential for the Homeostasis of Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:806. [PMID: 31040849 PMCID: PMC6476974 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hif-1α is a master regulator which involved in the transcriptional regulation of anti-inflammatory or cellular responding to hypoxia. Previous work shows that the absence of Hif-1α results in the destruction of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) and abnormalities of intestinal barrier function. However, we know very little about other functions of Hif-1α on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL). Therefore, we generated a transgenic mouse (Hif1-αΔIEC mice), which was knocked out Hif1-α specifically in IECs, to study the effect of Hif1-α on IEL. IELs were isolated from the small intestine and colon of mice, respectively, and examined by flow cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR. All the cytokines expression was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The NSAID enteropathy was induced by gavaged with 5 mg/kg indomethacin and the experimental colitis was induced by administration of 2.5% DSS. We found that the number of IELs is increased in Hif1-α ΔIEC mice. It is showed that knockout of Hif1-α in IECs led to significant changes in IEL phenotype, including a marked decline in the CD8αα+ and TCRγδ+ population. The reduction of CD8αα+ IELs is accompanied by increased apoptosis, decreased proliferation and weakened migration in Hif1-αΔIEC mice. Moreover, absence of intestinal epithelial Hif1-α markedly changed the population of IELs in NSAID-induced small intestinal injury and increased susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. In summary, our results first time demonstrate that IEC-derived Hif1-α is essential for maintaining IELs homeostasis and intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Teming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanlin Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanhang Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengyuan Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Arthur CM, Nalbant D, Feldman HA, Saeedi BJ, Matthews J, Robinson BS, Kamili NA, Bennett A, Cress GA, Sola-Visner M, Jones RM, Zimmerman MB, Neish AS, Patel RM, Nopoulos P, Georgieff MK, Roback JD, Widness JA, Josephson CD, Stowell SR. Anemia induces gut inflammation and injury in an animal model of preterm infants. Transfusion 2019; 59:1233-1245. [PMID: 30897226 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While very low birth weight (VLBW) infants often require multiple red blood cell transfusions, efforts to minimize transfusion-associated risks have resulted in more restrictive neonatal transfusion practices. However, whether restrictive transfusion strategies limit transfusions without increasing morbidity and mortality in this population remains unclear. Recent epidemiologic studies suggest that severe anemia may be an important risk factor for the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). However, the mechanism whereby anemia may lead to NEC remains unknown. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The potential impact of anemia on neonatal inflammation and intestinal barrier disruption, two well-characterized predisposing features of NEC, was defined by correlation of hemoglobin values to cytokine levels in premature infants and by direct evaluation of intestinal hypoxia, inflammation and gut barrier disruption using a pre-clinical neonatal murine model of phlebotomy-induced anemia (PIA). RESULTS Increasing severity of anemia in the preterm infant correlated with the level of IFN-gamma, a key pro-inflammatory cytokine that may predispose an infant to NEC. Gradual induction of PIA in a pre-clinical model resulted in significant hypoxia throughout the intestinal mucosa, including areas where intestinal macrophages reside. PIA-induced hypoxia significantly increased macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, while reducing tight junction protein ZO-1 expression and increasing intestinal barrier permeability. Macrophage depletion reversed the impact of anemia on intestinal ZO-1 expression and barrier function. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that anemia can increase intestinal inflammation and barrier disruption likely through altered macrophage function, leading to the type of predisposing intestinal injury that may increase the risk for NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie M Arthur
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Demet Nalbant
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Henry A Feldman
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bejan J Saeedi
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jason Matthews
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Brian S Robinson
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nourine A Kamili
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ashley Bennett
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Martha Sola-Visner
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rheinallt M Jones
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Andrew S Neish
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ravi M Patel
- Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Peggy Nopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Michael K Georgieff
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - John D Roback
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - John A Widness
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Cassandra D Josephson
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Atlanta, Georgia.,Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Atlanta, Georgia
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Ge L, Chen D, Chen W, Cai C, Tao Y, Ye S, Lin Z, Wang X, Li J, Xu L, Chen Y. Pre-activation of TLR3 enhances the therapeutic effect of BMMSCs through regulation the intestinal HIF-2α signaling pathway and balance of NKB cells in experimental alcoholic liver injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 70:477-485. [PMID: 30870678 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased intestinal permeability and immune disorder are important mechanisms of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Recent evidences suggest bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) have protective effects on end-stage liver disease and intestinal barrier injury. Moreover, the activation of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) has been shown enhancing therapeutic effects of BMMSCs in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the mechanism remains unclear. In current study, chronic-binge alcohol abuse model was employed to investigate the therapeutic effects of BMMSCs and BMMSCs pre-activated with TLR3 (P-BMMSCs) on alcohol-induced liver and intestine damage. C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups with normal control, alcohol-fed model, alcohol-fed model with BMMSCs treatment and alcohol-fed model with P-BMMSCs treatment. Alcohol-fed mice were fed Lieber-DeCali diet containing 5% alcohol for four weeks and given alcohol intragastrically on the 28th day, but control group were fed isocaloric diet. BMMSCs and P-BMMSCs were injected into the treatment group three times. Results showed alcohol diet causing significant damage to intestinal barrier and liver. These were reversed by the treatment of BMMSCs, especially P-BMMSCs. Moreover, alcohol increased the expression of intestinal HIF-2α, the proportion of NKB cells and the level of serum IL-18, while BMMSCs or P-BMMSCs reduced these factors. In conclusion, BMMSCs, especially TLR3 pre-activated BMMSCs could be used to protect alcohol-induced intestine and liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Ge
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Dazhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wenkai Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ying Tao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shasha Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhuo Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lanman Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Yongping Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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Dosh RH, Jordan-Mahy N, Sammon C, Le Maitre CL. Long-term in vitro 3D hydrogel co-culture model of inflammatory bowel disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1812. [PMID: 30755679 PMCID: PMC6372635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro study of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) requires a cell model which closely reflects the characteristics of the in vivo intestinal epithelium. This study aimed to investigate the application of L-pNIPAM hydrogel as a scaffold to develop a long-term 3D co-culture model of Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cells under conditions analogous to inflammation, to determine its potential use in studying IBD. Monocultures and co-cultures were layered on L-pNIPAM hydrogel scaffolds and maintained under dynamic culture conditions for up to 12 weeks. Treatments with IL-1β, TNFα, and hypoxia for 1 week were used to create an inflammatory environment. Following prolonged culture, the metabolic activity of Caco-2 monoculture and 90% Caco-2/10% HT29-MTX co-cultures on L-pNIPAM hydrogels were increased, and finger-like structures, similar in appearance to villi were observed. Following treatment with IL-1β, TNFα and hypoxia, ALP and ZO-1 were decreased, MUC2 increased, and MUC5AC remained unchanged. ADAMTS1 was increased in response to hypoxia. Caspase 3 expression was increased in response to TNFα and hypoxic conditions. In conclusion, L-pNIPAM hydrogel supported long-term co-culture within a 3D model. Furthermore, stimulation with factors seen during inflammation recapitulated features seen during IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha H Dosh
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Nicola Jordan-Mahy
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Christopher Sammon
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Christine L Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK.
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Dey P, Sasaki GY, Wei P, Li J, Wang L, Zhu J, McTigue D, Yu Z, Bruno RS. Green tea extract prevents obesity in male mice by alleviating gut dysbiosis in association with improved intestinal barrier function that limits endotoxin translocation and adipose inflammation. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 67:78-89. [PMID: 30856467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Gut-derived endotoxin translocation provokes obesity by inducing TLR4/NFκB inflammation. We hypothesized that catechin-rich green tea extract (GTE) would protect against obesity-associated TLR4/NFκB inflammation by alleviating gut dysbiosis and limiting endotoxin translocation. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet containing 0% or 2% GTE for 8 weeks. At Week 7, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran was administered by oral gavage before assessing its serum concentrations as a gut permeability marker. HF-feeding increased (P<.05) adipose mass and adipose expression of genes involved in TLR4/NFκB-dependent inflammation and macrophage activation. GTE attenuated HF-induced obesity and pro-inflammatory gene expression. GTE in HF mice decreased serum FITC-dextran, and attenuated portal vein and circulating endotoxin concentrations. GTE in HF mice also prevented HF-induced decreases in the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (TJPs) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α while preventing increases in TLR4/NFκB-dependent inflammatory genes. Gut microbial diversity was increased, and the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio was decreased, in HF mice fed GTE compared with HF controls. GTE in LF mice did not attenuate adiposity but decreased endotoxin and favorably altered several gut bacterial populations. Serum FITC-dextran was correlated with portal vein endotoxin (P<.001; rP=0.66) and inversely correlated with colonic mRNA levels of TJPs (P<.05; rP=-0.38 to -0.48). Colonic TJPs mRNA were inversely correlated with portal endotoxin (P<.05; rP=-0.33 to -0.39). These data suggest that GTE protects against diet-induced obesity consistent with a mechanism involving the gut-adipose axis that limits endotoxin translocation and consequent adipose TLR4/NFκB inflammation by improving gut barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Dey
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Geoffrey Y Sasaki
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ping Wei
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jinhui Li
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Dana McTigue
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Qiu L, Jiang H, Luo J, Xi J, Wang X, Pan Y, Chen J, Zhao Y, Sun Q. Regulatory sequence analysis of semaphorin 4D 5' non-coding region. J Cancer 2019; 10:903-910. [PMID: 30854096 PMCID: PMC6400819 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) has been proven to be one of the hypoxia effectors regulated by hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1) in multiple cells, and play a role in angiogenesis like VEGF. However, the regulatory sequence characteristics of the Sema4D are not clarified. The possible hypoxia response element (HRE) sequences in 5' non-coding Region before ATG start codon of Sema4D were screened, followed by point mutagenesis and luciferase assay analysis. Sequencing and alignment of this region in 11 cancer cell lines and 4 normal cell lines were also performed, followed by cloning, mutation and luciferase assay analysis. The results showed that there were four possible HREs (HRE1-4) sequences in 1275bp range before ATG start codon. Among HRE1-4, HRE2 and HRE4 were functional HIF-1α binding sites. In addition, these two binding sites play different roles in the regulation of Sema4D expression in HUVEC and Caco-2 cells. There were three nucleotide variants (T471C/A600G/C862T) frequently detected in cancer cell lines. The site variation rates of T471C/A600G/C862T were 72.7%, 18.2%, and 72.7% in cancer cells respectively. Luciferase assays showed that T471C and C862T could significantly increase the expression efficiency of downstream target genes. Furthermore, secondary structure prediction showed that mutations at T471C and C862T apparently lead to change of the gene structure. Our study describes the sequence characteristics of 5' non-coding region of Sema4D, enhances our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of Sema4D and benefits the development of a possible anti-angiogenesis therapeutic strategy for malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Qiu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, PR China.,Kunming Children's Hospital (The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University), Institute of Yunnan Pediatric Disease Research, Kunming 650228, PR China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, PR China
| | - Hongchao Jiang
- Kunming Children's Hospital (The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University), Institute of Yunnan Pediatric Disease Research, Kunming 650228, PR China
| | - Jia Luo
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, PR China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, PR China.,Kunming Medical University Haiyuan College, Kunming 650106, PR China
| | - Juemin Xi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, PR China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, PR China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, PR China
| | - Yue Pan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, PR China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, PR China
| | - Junying Chen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, PR China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, PR China
| | - Yujiao Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, PR China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, PR China
| | - Qiangming Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, PR China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, PR China
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48
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Zhou H, Zhang HJ, Guan L, Zhang YN, Li Y, Sun MJ. Mechanism and therapeutic effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on experimental colitis in mice. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5652-5662. [PMID: 30387820 PMCID: PMC6236308 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a type of chronic inflammatory disturbance that affects a number of individuals worldwide; the precise mechanism is unclear and treatment is frequently insufficient to maintain patients in remission. Saccharomyces boulardii is a thermophilic, non‑pathogenic yeast that may be administered for prophylaxis and treatment of a variety of diarrheal diseases. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that it may have a role in IBD; however, the mechanism of action is unclear. The hypoxia‑inducible factors (HIFs) are ubiquitously expressed regulators of cellular adaptation to hypoxia and are central to the adaptive and inflammatory responses of cells of the intestinal mucosa in patients with IBD. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of S. boulardii on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‑induced colitis in mice and the effects of S. boulardii on HIFs. Mice were divided into five groups (n=10 mice/group): i) Control; ii) DSS; iii) S. boulardii (Sb) + DSS; iv) normal saline (NS) + DSS; and v) Sb. For 14 consecutive days, mice from the Sb+DSS and Sb groups were given S. boulardii suspension in saline (150 mg/kg/day; final volume 0.2 ml) by oral gavage. The NS+DSS group received the same volume of NS by gavage. The Control mice received water only. From day 8 to day 14, 3.5% DSS was added to the drinking water of the DSS, Sb+DSS and NS+DSS groups to induce acute colitis. Body weight decreased and disease activity index and histological score increased in mice with DSS‑induced colitis. Oral administration of S. boulardii reduced DSS‑induced weight loss, ameliorated the histological damage and protected the colon barrier in mice with DSS‑induced colitis. The expression of HIF‑1α and HIF‑2α in colon tissues was measured by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. The increase in HIFs in the colon induced by DSS was significantly inhibited by S. boulardii treatment. The expression levels of several epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that are regulated by HIFs were measured. S. boulardii reduced EMT and decreased expression of VEGF that was induced by DSS treatment. These results indicated that treatment with S. boulardii ameliorated DSS‑induced colitis, partly through downregulation of HIF‑1α and HIF‑2α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 11000, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 11000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Guan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 11000, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ning Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 11000, P.R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 11000, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Jun Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 11000, P.R. China
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Xu M, Tan X, Li N, Wu H, Wang Y, Xie J, Wang J. Differential regulation of estrogen in iron metabolism in astrocytes and neurons. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:4232-4242. [PMID: 30132882 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated an effect of estrogen on iron metabolism in peripheral tissues. The role of estrogen on brain iron metabolism is currently unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of estrogen on iron transport proteins. We demonstrated that the iron exporter ferroportin 1 (FPN1) and iron importer divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) were upregulated and iron content was decreased after estrogen treatment for 12 hr in primary cultured astrocytes. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) was upregulated, but HIF-2α remained unchanged after estrogen treatment for 12 hr in primary cultured astrocytes. In primary cultured neurons, DMT1 was downregulated, FPN1 was upregulated, iron content decreased, iron regulatory protein (IRP1) was downregulated, but HIF-1α and HIF-2α remained unchanged after estrogen treatment for 12 hr. These results suggest that the regulation of iron metabolism by estrogen in astrocytes and neurons is different. Estrogen increases FPN1 and DMT1 expression by inducing HIF-1α in astrocytes, whereas decreased expression of IRP1 may account for the decreased DMT1 and increased FPN1 expression in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xu Tan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Clinical Medicine of Class Excellence, Grade 2013, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Clinical Medicine of Class 3, Grade 2014, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junxia Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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50
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Dimethyloxalylglycine preserves the intestinal microvasculature and protects against intestinal injury in a neonatal mouse NEC model: role of VEGF signaling. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:545-553. [PMID: 29068435 PMCID: PMC5866158 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating neonatal disease characterized by intestinal necrosis. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) has a critical role in cellular oxygen homeostasis. Here, we hypothesized that prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibition, which stabilizes HIF-1α, protects against NEC by promoting intestinal endothelial cell proliferation and improving intestinal microvascular integrity via vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling.MethodsTo assess the role of PHD inhibition in a neonatal mouse NEC model, we administered dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) or vehicle to pups before or during the NEC protocol, and determined mortality and incidence of severe intestinal injury. We assessed intestinal VEGF by western blot analysis and quantified endothelial cell and epithelial cell proliferation following immunofluorescence.ResultsDMOG decreased mortality and incidence of severe NEC, increased intestinal VEGF expression, and increased intestinal villus endothelial and epithelial cell proliferation in experimental NEC. Inhibiting VEGFR2 signaling eliminated DMOG's protective effect on intestinal injury severity, survival, and endothelial cell proliferation while sparing DMOG's protective effect on intestinal epithelial cell proliferation.ConclusionDMOG upregulates intestinal VEGF, promotes endothelial cell proliferation, and protects against intestinal injury and mortality in experimental NEC in a VEGFR2 dependent manner. DMOG's protective effect on the neonatal intestinal mucosa may be mediated via VEGFR2 dependent improvement of the intestinal microvasculature.
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