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Tam S, Wear D, Morrone CD, Yu WH. The complexity of extracellular vesicles: Bridging the gap between cellular communication and neuropathology. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38650384 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve a prominent role in maintaining homeostasis and contributing to pathology in health and disease. This review establishes a crucial link between physiological processes leading to EV biogenesis and their impacts on disease. EVs are involved in the clearance and transport of proteins and nucleic acids, responding to changes in cellular processes associated with neurodegeneration, including autophagic disruption, organellar dysfunction, aging, and other cell stresses. In neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, etc.), EVs contribute to the spread of pathological proteins like amyloid β, tau, ɑ-synuclein, prions, and TDP-43, exacerbating neurodegeneration and accelerating disease progression. Despite evidence for both neuropathological and neuroprotective effects of EVs, the mechanistic switch between their physiological and pathological functions remains elusive, warranting further research into their involvement in neurodegenerative disease. Moreover, owing to their innate ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier and their ubiquitous nature, EVs emerge as promising candidates for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The review uniquely positions itself at the intersection of EV cell biology, neurophysiology, and neuropathology, offering insights into the diverse biological roles of EVs in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Tam
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darcy Wear
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher D Morrone
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wai Haung Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Vandendriessche C, Bruggeman A, Foroozandeh J, Van Hoecke L, Dujardin P, Xie J, Van Imschoot G, Van Wonterghem E, Castelein J, Lucci C, De Groef L, Vandenbroucke RE. The Spreading and Effects of Human Recombinant α-Synuclein Preformed Fibrils in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Mice. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0024-23.2024. [PMID: 38383588 PMCID: PMC10925901 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0024-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) patients harbor seeding-competent α-synuclein (α-syn) in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is mainly produced by the choroid plexus (ChP). Nonetheless, little is known about the role of the CSF and the ChP in PD pathogenesis. To address this question, we used an intracerebroventricular (icv) injection mouse model to assess CSF α-syn spreading and its short- and long-term consequences on the brain. Hereby, we made use of seeding-competent, recombinant α-syn preformed fibrils (PFF) that are known to induce aggregation and subsequent spreading of endogenous α-syn in stereotactic tissue injection models. Here, we show that icv-injected PFF, but not monomers (Mono), are rapidly removed from the CSF by interaction with the ChP. Additionally, shortly after icv injection both Mono and PFF were detected in the olfactory bulb and striatum. This spreading was associated with increased inflammation and complement activation in these tissues as well as leakage of the blood-CSF barrier. Despite these effects, a single icv injection of PFF didn't induce a decline in motor function. In contrast, daily icv injections over the course of 5 days resulted in deteriorated grip strength and formation of phosphorylated α-syn inclusions in the brain 2 months later, whereas dopaminergic neuron levels were not affected. These results point toward an important clearance function of the CSF and the ChP, which could mediate removal of PFF from the brain, whereby chronic exposure to PFF in the CSF may negatively impact blood-CSF barrier functionality and PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charysse Vandendriessche
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arnout Bruggeman
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joyce Foroozandeh
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Brain Institute KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Dujardin
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Junhua Xie
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Van Imschoot
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Castelein
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cristiano Lucci
- Cellular Communication and Neurodegeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies De Groef
- Cellular Communication and Neurodegeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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3
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Bannai D, Reuter M, Hegde R, Hoang D, Adhan I, Gandu S, Pong S, Raymond N, Zeng V, Chung Y, He G, Sun D, van Erp TGM, Addington J, Bearden CE, Cadenhead K, Cornblatt B, Mathalon DH, McGlashan T, Jeffries C, Stone W, Tsuang M, Walker E, Woods SW, Cannon TD, Perkins D, Keshavan M, Lizano P. Linking enlarged choroid plexus with plasma analyte and structural phenotypes in clinical high risk for psychosis: A multisite neuroimaging study. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:70-79. [PMID: 38169244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choroid plexus (ChP) enlargement exists in first-episode and chronic psychosis, but whether enlargement occurs before psychosis onset is unknown. This study investigated whether ChP volume is enlarged in individuals with clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis and whether these changes are related to clinical, neuroanatomical, and plasma analytes. METHODS Clinical and neuroimaging data from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study 2 (NAPLS2) was used for analysis. 509 participants (169 controls, 340 CHR) were recruited. Conversion status was determined after 2-years of follow-up, with 36 psychosis converters. The lateral ventricle ChP was manually segmented from baseline scans. A subsample of 31 controls and 53 CHR had plasma analyte and neuroimaging data. RESULTS Compared to controls, CHR (d = 0.23, p = 0.017) and non-converters (d = 0.22, p = 0.03) demonstrated higher ChP volumes, but not in converters. In CHR, greater ChP volume correlated with lower cortical (r = -0.22, p < 0.001), subcortical gray matter (r = -0.21, p < 0.001), and total white matter volume (r = -0.28,p < 0.001), as well as larger lateral ventricle volume (r = 0.63,p < 0.001). Greater ChP volume correlated with makers functionally associated with the lateral ventricle ChP in CHR [CCL1 (r = -0.30, p = 0.035), ICAM1 (r = 0.33, p = 0.02)], converters [IL1β (r = 0.66, p = 0.004)], and non-converters [BMP6 (r = -0.96, p < 0.001), CALB1 (r = -0.98, p < 0.001), ICAM1 (r = 0.80, p = 0.003), SELE (r = 0.59, p = 0.026), SHBG (r = 0.99, p < 0.001), TNFRSF10C (r = 0.78, p = 0.001)]. CONCLUSIONS CHR and non-converters demonstrated significantly larger ChP volumes compared to controls. Enlarged ChP was associated with neuroanatomical alterations and analyte markers functionally associated with the ChP. These findings suggest that the ChP may be a key an important biomarker in CHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Bannai
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Reuter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachal Hegde
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dung Hoang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iniya Adhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Swetha Gandu
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sovannarath Pong
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nick Raymond
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victor Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoonho Chung
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - George He
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daqiang Sun
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jean Addington
- Hotchkins Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Clark Jeffries
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William Stone
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ming Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSD, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Elaine Walker
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Scott W Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Diana Perkins
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paulo Lizano
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Translational Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Kijima C, Inaba T, Hira K, Miyamoto N, Yamashiro K, Urabe T, Hattori N, Ueno Y. Astrocytic Extracellular Vesicles Regulated by Microglial Inflammatory Responses Improve Stroke Recovery. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1002-1021. [PMID: 37676390 PMCID: PMC10861643 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
There are no effective treatments for post-stroke glial scar formation, which inhibits axonal outgrowth and functional recovery after stroke. We investigated whether astrocytic extracellular vesicles (AEVs) regulated by microglia modulate glial scars and improve stroke recovery. We found that peri-infarct glial scars comprised reactive astrocytes with proliferating C3d and decreased S100A10 expression in chronic stroke. In cultured astrocytes, microglia-conditioned media and treatment with P2Y1 receptor antagonists increased and reduced the area of S100A10- and C3d-expressing reactive astrocytes, respectively, by suppressing mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-κβ (NF-κB)/tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)/interleukin-1β signaling after oxygen-glucose deprivation. Intracerebral administrations of AEVs enriched miR-146a-5p, downregulated NF-κB, and suppressed TNF-α expressions, by transforming reactive astrocytes to those with S100A10 preponderance, causing functional recovery in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion. Modulating neuroinflammation in post-stroke glial scars could permit axonal outgrowth, thus providing a basis for stroke recovery with neuroprotective AEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikage Kijima
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Inaba
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hira
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamashiro
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takao Urabe
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Collaborative Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuji Ueno
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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5
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Batista AF, Khan KA, Papavergi MT, Lemere CA. The Importance of Complement-Mediated Immune Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:817. [PMID: 38255891 PMCID: PMC10815224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
As an essential component of our innate immune system, the complement system is responsible for our defense against pathogens. The complement cascade has complex roles in the central nervous system (CNS), most of what we know about it stems from its role in brain development. However, in recent years, numerous reports have implicated the classical complement cascade in both brain development and decline. More specifically, complement dysfunction has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is the most common form of dementia. Synapse loss is one of the main pathological hallmarks of AD and correlates with memory impairment. Throughout the course of AD progression, synapses are tagged with complement proteins and are consequently removed by microglia that express complement receptors. Notably, astrocytes are also capable of secreting signals that induce the expression of complement proteins in the CNS. Both astrocytes and microglia are implicated in neuroinflammation, another hallmark of AD pathogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of previously known and newly established roles for the complement cascade in the CNS and we explore how complement interactions with microglia, astrocytes, and other risk factors such as TREM2 and ApoE4 modulate the processes of neurodegeneration in both amyloid and tau models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- André F. Batista
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.F.B.); (K.A.K.); (M.-T.P.)
| | - Khyrul A. Khan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.F.B.); (K.A.K.); (M.-T.P.)
| | - Maria-Tzousi Papavergi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.F.B.); (K.A.K.); (M.-T.P.)
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cynthia A. Lemere
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.F.B.); (K.A.K.); (M.-T.P.)
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Sandau US, Magaña SM, Costa J, Nolan JP, Ikezu T, Vella LJ, Jackson HK, Moreira LR, Palacio PL, Hill AF, Quinn JF, Van Keuren‐Jensen KR, McFarland TJ, Palade J, Sribnick EA, Su H, Vekrellis K, Coyle B, Yang Y, Falcón‐Perez JM, Nieuwland R, Saugstad JA. Recommendations for reproducibility of cerebrospinal fluid extracellular vesicle studies. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12397. [PMID: 38158550 PMCID: PMC10756860 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, transparent fluid derived from blood plasma that protects the brain and spinal cord against mechanical shock, provides buoyancy, clears metabolic waste and transports extracellular components to remote sites in the brain. Given its contact with the brain and the spinal cord, CSF is the most informative biofluid for studies of the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to other components, CSF contains extracellular vesicles (EVs) that carry bioactive cargoes (e.g., lipids, nucleic acids, proteins), and that can have biological functions within and beyond the CNS. Thus, CSF EVs likely serve as both mediators of and contributors to communication in the CNS. Accordingly, their potential as biomarkers for CNS diseases has stimulated much excitement for and attention to CSF EV research. However, studies on CSF EVs present unique challenges relative to EV studies in other biofluids, including the invasive nature of CSF collection, limited CSF volumes and the low numbers of EVs in CSF as compared to plasma. Here, the objectives of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles CSF Task Force are to promote the reproducibility of CSF EV studies by providing current reporting and best practices, and recommendations and reporting guidelines, for CSF EV studies. To accomplish this, we created and distributed a world-wide survey to ISEV members to assess methods considered 'best practices' for CSF EVs, then performed a detailed literature review for CSF EV publications that was used to curate methods and resources. Based on responses to the survey and curated information from publications, the CSF Task Force herein provides recommendations and reporting guidelines to promote the reproducibility of CSF EV studies in seven domains: (i) CSF Collection, Processing, and Storage; (ii) CSF EV Separation/Concentration; (iii) CSF EV Size and Number Measurements; (iv) CSF EV Protein Studies; (v) CSF EV RNA Studies; (vi) CSF EV Omics Studies and (vii) CSF EV Functional Studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula S. Sandau
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Setty M. Magaña
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research InstituteNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Júlia Costa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da RepúblicaOeirasPortugal
| | - John P. Nolan
- Scintillon Institute for Biomedical and Bioenergy ResearchSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tsuneya Ikezu
- Department of NeuroscienceMayo Clinic FloridaJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Laura J. Vella
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne HospitalThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkville, MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Hannah K. Jackson
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Exosis, Inc.Palm BeachFloridaUSA
| | - Lissette Retana Moreira
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of MicrobiologyUniversity of Costa RicaSan JoséCosta Rica, Central America
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades TropicalesUniversity of Costa RicaSan JoséCosta Rica, Central America
| | - Paola Loreto Palacio
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research InstituteNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Andrew F. Hill
- Institute for Health and SportVictoria UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- Department of NeurologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
- Portland VA Medical CenterPortlandOregonUSA
| | | | - Trevor J. McFarland
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Joanna Palade
- Neurogenomics DivisionTranslational Genomics Research InstitutePhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Eric A. Sribnick
- Department of NeurosurgeryNationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Huaqi Su
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkville, MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Beth Coyle
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of MedicineUniversity of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of NottinghamNottinghamNottinghamshireUK
| | - You Yang
- Scintillon Institute for Biomedical and Bioenergy ResearchSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Juan M. Falcón‐Perez
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in BiosciencesBasque Research and Technology AllianceDerioSpain
- Metabolomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in BiosciencesBasque Research and Technology AllianceDerioSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y DigestivasMadridSpain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Julie A. Saugstad
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
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7
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Pait MC, Kaye SD, Su Y, Kumar A, Singh S, Gironda SC, Vincent S, Anwar M, Carroll CM, Snipes JA, Lee J, Furdui CM, Deep G, Macauley SL. Novel method for collecting hippocampal interstitial fluid extracellular vesicles (EV ISF ) reveals sex-dependent changes in microglial EV proteome in response to Aβ pathology. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12398. [PMID: 38191961 PMCID: PMC10774707 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an active role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), relaying important physiological information about their host tissues. The internal cargo of EVs is protected from degradation, making EVs attractive AD biomarkers. However, it is unclear how circulating EVs relate to EVs isolated from disease-vulnerable brain regions. We developed a novel method for collecting EVs from the hippocampal interstitial fluid (ISF) of live mice. EVs (EVISF ) were isolated via ultracentrifugation and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, immunogold labelling, and flow cytometry. Mass spectrometry and proteomic analyses were performed on EVISF cargo. EVISF were 40-150 nm in size and expressed CD63, CD9, and CD81. Using a model of cerebral amyloidosis (e.g., APPswe, PSEN1dE9 mice), we found protein concentration increased but protein diversity decreased with Aβ deposition. Genotype, age, and Aβ deposition modulated proteostasis- and immunometabolic-related pathways. Changes in the microglial EVISF proteome were sexually dimorphic and associated with a differential response of plaque associated microglia. We found that female APP/PS1 mice have more amyloid plaques, less plaque associated microglia, and a less robust- and diverse- EVISF microglial proteome. Thus, in vivo microdialysis is a novel technique for collecting EVISF and offers a unique opportunity to explore the role of EVs in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan C. Pait
- Department of Physiology & PharmacologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Sarah D. Kaye
- Department of Physiology & PharmacologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Yixin Su
- Department of Cancer BiologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Cancer BiologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- Department of Cancer BiologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Stephen C. Gironda
- Department of Physiology & PharmacologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Samantha Vincent
- Department of Physiology & PharmacologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Maria Anwar
- Department of Physiology & PharmacologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Caitlin M. Carroll
- Department of Physiology & PharmacologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - James Andy Snipes
- Department of Physiology & PharmacologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jingyun Lee
- Department of Internal MedicineSection on Molecular MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared ResourceWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Cristina M. Furdui
- Department of Internal MedicineSection on Molecular MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared ResourceWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer CenterWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Cancer BiologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer CenterWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Center for Research on Substance Use and AddictionWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- J Paul Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's PreventionWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Shannon L. Macauley
- Department of Physiology & PharmacologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- J Paul Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's PreventionWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Internal MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Center for Diabetes and MetabolismWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Cardiovascular Sciences CenterWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
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8
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Abyadeh M, Alikhani M, Mirzaei M, Gupta V, Shekari F, Salekdeh GH. Proteomics provides insights into the theranostic potential of extracellular vesicles. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 138:101-133. [PMID: 38220422 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) encompass a diverse range of membranous structures derived from cells, including exosomes and microvesicles. These vesicles are present in biological fluids and play vital roles in various physiological and pathological processes. They facilitate intercellular communication by enabling the exchange of proteins, lipids, and genetic material between cells. Understanding the cellular processes that govern EV biology is essential for unraveling their physiological and pathological functions and their potential clinical applications. Despite significant advancements in EV research in recent years, there is still much to learn about these vesicles. The advent of improved mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques has allowed for a deeper characterization of EV protein composition, providing valuable insights into their roles in different physiological and pathological conditions. In this chapter, we provide an overview of proteomics studies conducted to identify the protein contents of EVs, which contribute to their therapeutic and pathological features. We also provided evidence on the potential of EV proteome contents as biomarkers for early disease diagnosis, progression, and treatment response, as well as factors that influence their composition. Additionally, we discuss the available databases containing information on EV proteome contents, and finally, we highlight the need for further research to pave the way toward their utilization in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abyadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Alikhani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Nair S, Nova-Lamperti E, Labarca G, Kulasinghe A, Short KR, Carrión F, Salomon C. Genomic communication via circulating extracellular vesicles and long-term health consequences of COVID-19. J Transl Med 2023; 21:709. [PMID: 37817137 PMCID: PMC10563316 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 continues to affect an unprecedented number of people with the emergence of new variants posing a serious challenge to global health. There is an expansion of knowledge in understanding the pathogenesis of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the impact of the acute disease on multiple organs. In addition, growing evidence reports that the impact of COVID-19 on different organs persists long after the recovery phase of the disease, leading to long-term consequences of COVID-19. These long-term consequences involve pulmonary as well as extra-pulmonary sequelae of the disease. Noteably, recent research has shown a potential association between COVID-19 and change in the molecular cargo of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are vesicles released by cells and play an important role in cell communication by transfer of bioactive molecules between cells. Emerging evidence shows a strong link between EVs and their molecular cargo, and regulation of metabolism in health and disease. This review focuses on current knowledge about EVs and their potential role in COVID-19 pathogenesis, their current and future implications as tools for biomarker and therapeutic development and their possible effects on long-term impact of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyalekshmi Nair
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Estefania Nova-Lamperti
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Labarca
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Arutha Kulasinghe
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4102, Australia
| | - Kirsty R Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Flavio Carrión
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia.
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile.
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10
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Bleibel L, Dziomba S, Waleron KF, Kowalczyk E, Karbownik MS. Deciphering psychobiotics' mechanism of action: bacterial extracellular vesicles in the spotlight. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1211447. [PMID: 37396391 PMCID: PMC10309211 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1211447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The intake of psychobiotic bacteria appears to be a promising adjunct to neuropsychiatric treatment, and their consumption may even be beneficial for healthy people in terms of mental functioning. The psychobiotics' mechanism of action is largely outlined by the gut-brain axis; however, it is not fully understood. Based on very recent studies, we provide compelling evidence to suggest a novel understanding of this mechanism: bacterial extracellular vesicles appear to mediate many known effects that psychobiotic bacteria exert on the brain. In this mini-review paper, we characterize the extracellular vesicles derived from psychobiotic bacteria to demonstrate that they can be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, penetrate to the brain, and carry the intracellular content to exert beneficial multidirectional action. Specifically, by regulating epigenetic factors, extracellular vesicles from psychobiotics appear to enhance expression of neurotrophic molecules, improve serotonergic neurotransmission, and likely supply astrocytes with glycolytic enzymes to favor neuroprotective mechanisms. As a result, some data suggest an antidepressant action of extracellular vesicles that originate even from taxonomically remote psychobiotic bacteria. As such, these extracellular vesicles may be regarded as postbiotics of potentially therapeutic application. The mini-review is enriched with illustrations to better introduce the complex nature of brain signaling mediated by bacterial extracellular vesicles and indicates knowledge gaps that require scientific exploration before further progress is made. In conclusion, bacterial extracellular vesicles appear to represent the missing piece of the puzzle in the mechanism of action of psychobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Bleibel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Szymon Dziomba
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Edward Kowalczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
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11
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Muok L, Liu C, Chen X, Esmonde C, Arthur P, Wang X, Singh M, Driscoll T, Li Y. Inflammatory Response and Exosome Biogenesis of Choroid Plexus Organoids Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7660. [PMID: 37108817 PMCID: PMC10146825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus (ChP) is a complex structure in the human brain that is responsible for the secretion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and forming the blood-CSF barrier (B-CSF-B). Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have shown promising results in the formation of brain organoids in vitro; however, very few studies to date have generated ChP organoids. In particular, no study has assessed the inflammatory response and the extracellular vesicle (EV) biogenesis of hiPSC-derived ChP organoids. In this study, the impacts of Wnt signaling on the inflammatory response and EV biogenesis of ChP organoids derived from hiPSCs was investigated. During days 10-15, bone morphogenetic protein 4 was added along with (+/-) CHIR99021 (CHIR, a small molecule GSK-3β inhibitor that acts as a Wnt agonist). At day 30, the ChP organoids were characterized by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry for TTR (~72%) and CLIC6 (~20%) expression. Compared to the -CHIR group, the +CHIR group showed an upregulation of 6 out of 10 tested ChP genes, including CLIC6 (2-fold), PLEC (4-fold), PLTP (2-4-fold), DCN (~7-fold), DLK1 (2-4-fold), and AQP1 (1.4-fold), and a downregulation of TTR (0.1-fold), IGFBP7 (0.8-fold), MSX1 (0.4-fold), and LUM (0.2-0.4-fold). When exposed to amyloid beta 42 oligomers, the +CHIR group had a more sensitive response as evidenced by the upregulation of inflammation-related genes such as TNFα, IL-6, and MMP2/9 when compared to the -CHIR group. Developmentally, the EV biogenesis markers of ChP organoids showed an increase over time from day 19 to day 38. This study is significant in that it provides a model of the human B-CSF-B and ChP tissue for the purpose of drug screening and designing drug delivery systems to treat neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureana Muok
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Colin Esmonde
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Peggy Arthur
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Xueju Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, USA
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Tristan Driscoll
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
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12
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Castellani G, Croese T, Peralta Ramos JM, Schwartz M. Transforming the understanding of brain immunity. Science 2023; 380:eabo7649. [PMID: 37023203 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo7649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary studies have completely changed the view of brain immunity from envisioning the brain as isolated and inaccessible to peripheral immune cells to an organ in close physical and functional communication with the immune system for its maintenance, function, and repair. Circulating immune cells reside in special niches in the brain's borders, the choroid plexus, meninges, and perivascular spaces, from which they patrol and sense the brain in a remote manner. These niches, together with the meningeal lymphatic system and skull microchannels, provide multiple routes of interaction between the brain and the immune system, in addition to the blood vasculature. In this Review, we describe current ideas about brain immunity and their implications for brain aging, diseases, and immune-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Castellani
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tommaso Croese
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Michal Schwartz
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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13
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Goss DM, Vasilescu SA, Sacks G, Gardner DK, Warkiani ME. Microfluidics facilitating the use of small extracellular vesicles in innovative approaches to male infertility. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:66-95. [PMID: 36348030 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sperm are transcriptionally and translationally quiescent and, therefore, rely on the seminal plasma microenvironment for function, survival and fertilization of the oocyte in the oviduct. The male reproductive system influences sperm function via the binding and fusion of secreted epididymal (epididymosomes) and prostatic (prostasomes) small extracellular vesicles (S-EVs) that facilitate the transfer of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids to sperm. Seminal plasma S-EVs have important roles in sperm maturation, immune and oxidative stress protection, capacitation, fertilization and endometrial implantation and receptivity. Supplementing asthenozoospermic samples with normospermic-derived S-EVs can improve sperm motility and S-EV microRNAs can be used to predict non-obstructive azoospermia. Thus, S-EV influence on sperm physiology might have both therapeutic and diagnostic potential; however, the isolation of pure populations of S-EVs from bodily fluids with current conventional methods presents a substantial hurdle. Many conventional techniques lack accuracy, effectiveness, and practicality; yet microfluidic technology has the potential to simplify and improve S-EV isolation and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale M Goss
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- IVF Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven A Vasilescu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NeoGenix Biosciences pty ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gavin Sacks
- IVF Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David K Gardner
- Melbourne IVF, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Majid E Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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14
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Xie J, Cools L, Van Imschoot G, Van Wonterghem E, Pauwels MJ, Vlaeminck I, De Witte C, EL Andaloussi S, Wierda K, De Groef L, Haesebrouck F, Van Hoecke L, Vandenbroucke RE. Helicobacter pylori-derived outer membrane vesicles contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis via C3-C3aR signalling. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12306. [PMID: 36792546 PMCID: PMC9931688 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota represents a diverse and dynamic population of microorganisms that can influence the health of the host. Increasing evidence supports the role of the gut microbiota as a key player in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Unfortunately, the mechanisms behind the interplay between gut pathogens and AD are still elusive. It is known that bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) act as natural carriers of virulence factors that are central players in the pathogenesis of the bacteria. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common gastric pathogen and H. pylori infection has been associated with an increased risk to develop AD. Here, we are the first to shed light on the role of OMVs derived from H. pylori on the brain in healthy conditions and on disease pathology in the case of AD. Our results reveal that H. pylori OMVs can cross the biological barriers, eventually reaching the brain. Once in the brain, these OMVs are taken up by astrocytes, which induce activation of glial cells and neuronal dysfunction, ultimately leading to exacerbated amyloid-β pathology and cognitive decline. Mechanistically, we identified a critical role for the complement component 3 (C3)-C3a receptor (C3aR) signalling in mediating the interaction between astrocytes, microglia and neurons upon the presence of gut H. pylori OMVs. Taken together, our study reveals that H. pylori has a detrimental effect on brain functionality and accelerates AD development via OMVs and C3-C3aR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Xie
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Lien Cools
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Cellular Communication and Neurodegeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain InstituteKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Griet Van Imschoot
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Marie J. Pauwels
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Ine Vlaeminck
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease ResearchElectrophysiology Expertise UnitLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven ‐ Department of NeurosciencesLeuvenBelgium
| | - Chloë De Witte
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | | | - Keimpe Wierda
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease ResearchElectrophysiology Expertise UnitLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven ‐ Department of NeurosciencesLeuvenBelgium
| | - Lies De Groef
- Cellular Communication and Neurodegeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain InstituteKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
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15
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Burgelman M, Dujardin P, Vandendriessche C, Vandenbroucke RE. Free complement and complement containing extracellular vesicles as potential biomarkers for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1055050. [PMID: 36741417 PMCID: PMC9896008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1055050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is implicated in a broad range of neuroinflammatory disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Consequently, measuring complement levels in biofluids could serve as a potential biomarker for these diseases. Indeed, complement levels are shown to be altered in patients compared to controls, and some studies reported a correlation between the level of free complement in biofluids and disease progression, severity or the response to therapeutics. Overall, they are not (yet) suitable as a diagnostic tool due to heterogeneity of reported results. Moreover, measurement of free complement proteins has the disadvantage that information on their origin is lost, which might be of value in a multi-parameter approach for disease prediction and stratification. In light of this, extracellular vesicles (EVs) could provide a platform to improve the diagnostic power of complement proteins. EVs are nanosized double membrane particles that are secreted by essentially every cell type and resemble the (status of the) cell of origin. Interestingly, EVs can contain complement proteins, while the cellular origin can still be determined by the presence of EV surface markers. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and future opportunities on the use of free and EV-associated complement proteins as biomarkers for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Burgelman
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Dujardin
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charysse Vandendriessche
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,*Correspondence: Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke,
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16
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Ben Khedher MR, Haddad M, Fulop T, Laurin D, Ramassamy C. Implication of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles-Bound Amyloid-β42 Oligomers in the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:813-825. [PMID: 37840502 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The perplex interrelation between circulating extracellular vesicles (cEVs) and amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE This study aims to 1) analyze the possible cross-linkage of the neurotoxic amyloid-β oligomers (oAβ) to the human cEVs, 2) identify cEVs corona proteins associated with oAβ binding, and 3) analyze the distribution and expression of targeted cEVs proteins in preclinical participants converted to AD 5 years later (Pre-AD). METHODS cEVs were isolated from 15 Pre-AD participants and 15 healthy controls selected from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Biochemical, clinical, lipid, and inflammatory profiles were measured. oAβ and cEVs interaction was determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis and proteinase K digestion. cEVs bound proteins were determined by ELISA. RESULTS oAβ were trapped by cEVs and were topologically bound to their external surface. We identified surface-exposed proteins functionally able to conjugate oAβ including apolipoprotein J (apoJ), apoE and RAGE, with apoJ being 30- to 130-fold higher than RAGE and apoE, respectively. The expression of cEVs apoJ was significantly lower in Pre-AD up to 5 years before AD onset. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that cEVs might participate in oAβ clearance and that early dysregulation of cEVs could increase the risk of conversion to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Raâfet Ben Khedher
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé-Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Québec, QC, Canada
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Haddad
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé-Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Division, Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Danielle Laurin
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre d'Excellence Sur le Vieillissement de Québec, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, VI-TAM-Centre de Recherche en Santé Durable, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Charles Ramassamy
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé-Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Québec, QC, Canada
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17
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Kim YK, Jung YS, Song J. Transcriptome Profile in the Mouse Brain of Hepatic Encephalopathy and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010675. [PMID: 36614117 PMCID: PMC9821016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a chronic metabolic disease accompanied by neuropathological and neuropsychiatric features, including memory deficits, psychomotor dysfunction, depression, and anxiety. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by tau hyperphosphorylation, excessive amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, the formation of fibrillary tangles, hippocampus atrophy, and neuroinflammation. Recent studies have suggested a positive correlation between HE and AD. Some studies reported that an impaired cholesterol pathway, abnormal bile acid secretion, excessive ammonia level, impaired Aβ clearance, astrocytic dysfunction, and abnormal γ-aminobutyric acid GABAergic neuronal signaling in HE may also be involved in AD pathology. However, the mechanisms and related genes involved in AD-like pathology in the HE brain are unclear. Thus, we compared the cortical transcriptome profile between an HE mouse model, bile duct ligation (BDL), and an AD mouse model, the 5×FAD. Our study showed that the expression of many genes implicated in HE is associated with neuronal dysfunction in AD mice. We found changes in various protein-coding RNAs, implicated in synapses, neurogenesis, neuron projection, neuron differentiation, and neurite outgrowth, and non-coding RNAs possibly associated with neuropathology. Our data provide an important resource for further studies to elucidate AD-like pathophysiology in HE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-379-2706; Fax: +82-61-375-5834
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18
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De Vlieger L, Vandenbroucke RE, Van Hoecke L. Recent insights into viral infections as a trigger and accelerator in alzheimer's disease. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103340. [PMID: 35987492 PMCID: PMC9385395 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder for which only symptomatic medication is available, except for the recently FDA-approved aducanumab. This lack of effective treatment urges us to investigate alternative paths that might contribute to disease development. In light of the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the disturbing neurological complications seen in some patients, it is desirable to (re)investigate the viability of the viral infection theory claiming that a microbe could affect AD initiation and/or progression. Here, we review the most important evidence for this theory with a special focus on two viruses, namely HSV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, we discuss the possible involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs). This overview will contribute to a more rational approach of potential treatment strategies for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lize De Vlieger
- Barriers in Inflammation Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- Barriers in Inflammation Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- Barriers in Inflammation Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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19
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Pauwels MJ, Xie J, Ceroi A, Balusu S, Castelein J, Van Wonterghem E, Van Imschoot G, Ward A, Menheniott TR, Gustafsson O, Combes F, El Andaloussi S, Sanders NN, Mäger I, Van Hoecke L, Vandenbroucke RE. Choroid plexus-derived extracellular vesicles exhibit brain targeting characteristics. Biomaterials 2022; 290:121830. [PMID: 36302306 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The brain is protected against invading organisms and other unwanted substances by tightly regulated barriers. However, these central nervous system (CNS) barriers impede the delivery of drugs into the brain via the blood circulation and are therefore considered major hurdles in the treatment of neurological disorders. Consequently, there is a high need for efficient delivery systems that are able to cross these strict barriers. While most research focuses on the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the design of drug delivery platforms that are able to cross the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier, formed by a single layer of choroid plexus epithelial cells, remains a largely unexplored domain. The discovery that extracellular vesicles (EVs) make up a natural mechanism for information transfer between cells and across cell layers, has stimulated interest in their potential use as drug delivery platform. Here, we report that choroid plexus epithelial cell-derived EVs exhibit the capacity to home to the brain after peripheral administration. Moreover, these vesicles are able to functionally deliver cargo into the brain. Our findings underline the therapeutic potential of choroid plexus-derived EVs as a brain drug delivery vehicle via targeting of the blood-CSF interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie J Pauwels
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Junhua Xie
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adam Ceroi
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sriram Balusu
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonas Castelein
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Van Imschoot
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrew Ward
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Trevelyan R Menheniott
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd. Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Flemington Rd. Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oskar Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francis Combes
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF AS, Sem Sælands V. 2A, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niek N Sanders
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Imre Mäger
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50 411, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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20
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Song C, Zhang T, Zhang Y. Conformational Essentials Responsible for Neurotoxicity of Aβ42 Aggregates Revealed by Antibodies against Oligomeric Aβ42. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196751. [PMID: 36235284 PMCID: PMC9570743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soluble aggregation of amyloid β-peptide 1-42 (Aβ42) and deposition of Aβ42 aggregates are the initial pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The bipolar nature of Aβ42 molecule results in its ability to assemble into distinct oligomers and higher aggregates, which may drive some of the phenotypic heterogeneity observed in AD. Agents targeting Aβ42 or its aggregates, such as anti-Aβ42 antibodies, can inhibit the aggregation of Aβ42 and toxicity of Aβ42 aggregates to neural cells to a certain extent. However, the epitope specificity of an antibody affects its binding affinity for different Aβ42 species. Different antibodies target different sites on Aβ42 and thus elicit different neuroprotective or cytoprotective effects. In the present review, we summarize significant information reflected by anti-Aβ42 antibodies in different immunotherapies and propose an overview of the structure (conformation)-toxicity relationship of Aβ42 aggregates. This review aimed to provide a reference for the directional design of antibodies against the most pathogenic conformation of Aβ42 aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuli Song
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yingjiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Correspondence:
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21
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Weng S, Lai QL, Wang J, Zhuang L, Cheng L, Mo Y, Liu L, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Qiao S. The Role of Exosomes as Mediators of Neuroinflammation in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:899944. [PMID: 35837481 PMCID: PMC9273880 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.899944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive dementia. Accumulation of β–amyloid peptide 1–42 and phosphorylation of tau protein in the brain are the two main pathological features of AD. However, comprehensive studies have shown that neuroinflammation also plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. Neuroinflammation is associated with neuronal death and abnormal protein aggregation and promotes the pathological process of β-amyloid peptide 1–42 and tau protein. The inflammatory components associated with AD include glial cells, complement system, cytokines and chemokines. In recent years, some researchers have focused on exosomes, a type of membrane nano vesicles. Exosomes can transport proteins, lipids, microRNAs and other signaling molecules to participate in a variety of signaling pathways for signal transmission or immune response, affecting the activity of target cells and participating in important pathophysiological processes. Therefore, exosomes play an essential role in intercellular communication and may mediate neuroinflammation to promote the development of AD. This paper reviews the occurrence and development of neuroinflammation and exosomes in AD, providing a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of AD. Furthermore, the role of exosomes in the pathogenesis and treatment of AD is further described, demonstrating their potential as therapeutic targets for neuroinflammation and AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiting Weng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Lun Lai
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liying Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yejia Mo
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zexian Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Song Qiao,
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22
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Extracellular Vesicles at CNS barriers: Mode of action. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 75:102569. [PMID: 35667340 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The exchange of molecules between the brain and periphery is limited by cellular barriers such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-CSF barrier (BCB). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by brain cells or circulating in the blood stream interact with these barriers and provide a pathway for brain-periphery communication. This review briefly summarizes the main current concepts of EVs signaling over the BBB/BCB. EVs can either be released by barrier cells upon stimulation, act on barrier cells modulating barrier properties, or cross the barrier transferring cargo between the circulation and the brain. The mechanisms of EV signaling and passage over the BBB are increasingly being explored, with inflammation being a main driver. EVs acting at or through the barriers possess wide-ranging effects on brain-periphery communication in both healthy and pathological states. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms of action is important for translation into biomedical applications for brain diseases.
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23
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Hawksworth J, Fernández E, Gevaert K. A new generation of AD biomarkers: 2019 to 2021. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101654. [PMID: 35636691 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and cases are rising worldwide. The effort to fight this disease is hampered by a lack of disease-modifying treatments and the absence of an early, accurate diagnostic tool. Neuropathology begins years or decades before symptoms occur and, upon onset of symptoms, diagnosis can take a year or more. Such delays postpone treatment and make research into the early stages of the disease difficult. Ideally, clinicians require a minimally invasive test that can detect AD in its early stages, before cognitive symptoms occur. Advances in proteomic technologies have facilitated the study of promising biomarkers of AD. Over the last two years (2019-2021) studies have identified and validated many species which can be measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma, or in both fluids, and which have a high predictive value for AD. We herein discuss proteins which have been highlighted as promising biomarkers of AD in the last two years, and consider implications for future research within the research framework of the amyloid (A), tau (T), neurodegeneration (N) scoring system. We review recently identified species of amyloid and tau which may improve diagnosis when used in combination with current measures such as amyloid-beta-42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau). In addition, several proteins have been identified as likely proxies for neurodegeneration, including neurofilament light (NfL), synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) and neurogranin (NRGN). Finally, proteins originating from diverse processes such as neuroinflammation, lipid transport and mitochondrial dysfunction could aid in both AD diagnosis and patient stratification.
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24
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Complexities of JC Polyomavirus Receptor-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms of Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061130. [PMID: 35746603 PMCID: PMC9228512 DOI: 10.3390/v14061130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is a small non-enveloped virus that establishes lifelong, persistent infection in most of the adult population. Immune-competent patients are generally asymptomatic, but immune-compromised and immune-suppressed patients are at risk for the neurodegenerative disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Studies with purified JCPyV found it undergoes receptor-dependent infectious entry requiring both lactoseries tetrasaccharide C (LSTc) attachment and 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2 entry receptors. Subsequent work discovered the major targets of JCPyV infection in the central nervous system (oligodendrocytes and astrocytes) do not express the required attachment receptor at detectable levels, virus could not bind these cells in tissue sections, and viral quasi-species harboring recurrent mutations in the binding pocket for attachment. While several research groups found evidence JCPyV can use novel receptors for infection, it was also discovered that extracellular vesicles (EVs) can mediate receptor independent JCPyV infection. Recent work also found JCPyV associated EVs include both exosomes and secretory autophagosomes. EVs effectively present a means of immune evasion and increased tissue tropism that complicates viral studies and anti-viral therapeutics. This review focuses on JCPyV infection mechanisms and EV associated and outlines key areas of study necessary to understand the interplay between virus and extracellular vesicles.
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25
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Lai JJ, Chau ZL, Chen S, Hill JJ, Korpany KV, Liang N, Lin L, Lin Y, Liu JK, Liu Y, Lunde R, Shen W. Exosome Processing and Characterization Approaches for Research and Technology Development. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103222. [PMID: 35332686 PMCID: PMC9130923 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that share components of their parent cells and are attractive in biotechnology and biomedical research as potential disease biomarkers as well as therapeutic agents. Crucial to realizing this potential is the ability to manufacture high-quality exosomes; however, unlike biologics such as proteins, exosomes lack standardized Good Manufacturing Practices for their processing and characterization. Furthermore, there is a lack of well-characterized reference exosome materials to aid in selection of methods for exosome isolation, purification, and analysis. This review informs exosome research and technology development by comparing exosome processing and characterization methods and recommending exosome workflows. This review also provides a detailed introduction to exosomes, including their physical and chemical properties, roles in normal biological processes and in disease progression, and summarizes some of the on-going clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Lai
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Zoe L. Chau
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Sheng‐You Chen
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - John J. Hill
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | | | - Nai‐Wen Liang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Li‐Han Lin
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei City10617Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Hsuan Lin
- Department of Engineering and System ScienceNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Joanne K. Liu
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Yu‐Chung Liu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Ruby Lunde
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Wei‐Ting Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental SciencesNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
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26
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Xie J, Van Hoecke L, Vandenbroucke RE. The Impact of Systemic Inflammation on Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. Front Immunol 2022; 12:796867. [PMID: 35069578 PMCID: PMC8770958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.796867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating age-related neurodegenerative disorder with an alarming increasing prevalence. Except for the recently FDA-approved Aducanumab of which the therapeutic effect is not yet conclusively proven, only symptomatic medication that is effective for some AD patients is available. In order to be able to design more rational and effective treatments, our understanding of the mechanisms behind the pathogenesis and progression of AD urgently needs to be improved. Over the last years, it became increasingly clear that peripheral inflammation is one of the detrimental factors that can contribute to the disease. Here, we discuss the current understanding of how systemic and intestinal (referred to as the gut-brain axis) inflammatory processes may affect brain pathology, with a specific focus on AD. Moreover, we give a comprehensive overview of the different preclinical as well as clinical studies that link peripheral Inflammation to AD initiation and progression. Altogether, this review broadens our understanding of the mechanisms behind AD pathology and may help in the rational design of further research aiming to identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Xie
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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27
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Pauwels MJ, Vandendriessche C, Vandenbroucke RE. Special delEVery: Extracellular Vesicles as Promising Delivery Platform to the Brain. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1734. [PMID: 34829963 PMCID: PMC8615927 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of central nervous system (CNS) pathologies is severely hampered by the presence of tightly regulated CNS barriers that restrict drug delivery to the brain. An increasing amount of data suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs), i.e., membrane derived vesicles that inherently protect and transfer biological cargoes between cells, naturally cross the CNS barriers. Moreover, EVs can be engineered with targeting ligands to obtain enriched tissue targeting and delivery capacities. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the literature describing a natural and engineered CNS targeting and therapeutic efficiency of different cell type derived EVs. Hereby, we specifically focus on peripheral administration routes in a broad range of CNS diseases. Furthermore, we underline the potential of research aimed at elucidating the vesicular transport mechanisms across the different CNS barriers. Finally, we elaborate on the practical considerations towards the application of EVs as a brain drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie J. Pauwels
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.J.P.); (C.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charysse Vandendriessche
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.J.P.); (C.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.J.P.); (C.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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28
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Van Hoecke L, Van Cauwenberghe C, Dominko K, Van Imschoot G, Van Wonterghem E, Castelein J, Xie J, Claeys W, Vandendriessche C, Kremer A, Borghgraef P, De Rycke R, Hecimovic S, Vandenbroucke RE. Involvement of the Choroid Plexus in the Pathogenesis of Niemann-Pick Disease Type C. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:757482. [PMID: 34720883 PMCID: PMC8555471 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.757482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease, sometimes called childhood Alzheimer’s, is a rare neurovisceral lipid storage disease with progressive neurodegeneration leading to premature death. The disease is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the Npc1 or Npc2 gene which both result into lipid accumulation in the late endosomes and lysosomes. Since the disease presents with a broad heterogenous clinical spectrum, the involved disease mechanisms are still incompletely understood and this hampers finding an effective treatment. As NPC patients, who carry NPC1 mutations, have shown to share several pathological features with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and we and others have previously shown that AD is associated with a dysfunctionality of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier located at choroid plexus, we investigated the functionality of this latter barrier in NPC1 pathology. Using NPC1–/– mice, we show that despite an increase in inflammatory gene expression in choroid plexus epithelial (CPE) cells, the blood-CSF barrier integrity is not dramatically affected. Interestingly, we did observe a massive increase in autophagosomes in CPE cells and enlarged extracellular vesicles (EVs) in CSF upon NPC1 pathology. Additionally, we revealed that these EVs exert toxic effects on brain tissue, in vitro as well as in vivo. Moreover, we observed that EVs derived from the supernatant of NPC1–/– choroid plexus explants are able to induce typical brain pathology characteristics of NPC1–/–, more specifically microgliosis and astrogliosis. Taken together, our data reveal for the first time that the choroid plexus and CSF EVs might play a role in the brain-related pathogenesis of NPC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline Van Cauwenberghe
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristina Dominko
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Griet Van Imschoot
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Castelein
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Junhua Xie
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Claeys
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charysse Vandendriessche
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anna Kremer
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB BioImaging Core Ghent, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Borghgraef
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB BioImaging Core Ghent, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB BioImaging Core Ghent, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Ghent University Expertise Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Silva Hecimovic
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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