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Goel C, Kumar N, Tripathi A, Tiwari S, Shrivastava A. Assessment of Malondialdehyde and Organochlorine Pesticides in Aplastic Anemia Severity Groups: Insights Into Oxidative Stress and Exposure. Cureus 2024; 16:e59698. [PMID: 38841016 PMCID: PMC11150336 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is little evidence that pesticide exposure is the primary cause of acquired aplastic anemia (AAA), even though the prevalence of aplastic anemia (AA) is substantially higher in underdeveloped countries than in affluent countries. AA caused by pesticides has not yet been fully understood. This study aimed to examine the potential link between plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) as risk factors for developing AAA in the North Indian population. Methods This case-control study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in North India. A total of 99 participants were chosen for the study, of whom 45 were cases of AA. These cases attended the Clinical Hematology department over a period of 1.5 years (May 2018 to November 2019). Forty-five controls were age and sex-matched, apparently healthy subjects. Written informed consent was obtained from each subject before performing the study. Exclusion criteria included patients unwilling to give consent, those using medication to treat AA, those genetically predisposed to AA, those with characteristics including granuloma and dysplasia of bone marrow, any other systemic illness, and subjects with a history of smoking, drinking, or using tobacco in any form. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was used to evaluate the plasma levels of organochlorines. The estimation of plasma MDA, i.e., the lipid peroxide content, was measured. Results The severity of AA is significantly associated with plasma levels of α-Hexachlorocyclohexane (p = 0.040), Heptachlor (p = 0.006), Aldrin (p < 0.001), p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (p = 0.004), Endosulfan sulfate (p = 0.010), and Methoxychlor (p = 0.001). There was a statistically non-significant difference in MDA levels between cases and controls (p = 0.145); however, a statistically significant linear increase in MDA levels (p < 0.001) was observed according to the severity of AA. Conclusion Our study suggests that oxidative stress may be linked to the severity of AA. Pesticide exposure (plasma organochlorine levels) could act as a stressor, potentially initiating an alarmin response of oxidative stress in the form of lipid peroxidation (MDA) from damaged tissue, which could then lead to suppression of hematopoiesis and be a possible factor in the development of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Goel
- Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
- Physiology, Kalyan Singh Government Medical College, Bulandshahr, IND
| | - Nidhish Kumar
- Pathology, Autonomous State Medical College, Shahjahanpur, IND
| | - Anil Tripathi
- Clinical Hematology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
- Hematology, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki, IND
| | - Sunita Tiwari
- Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
- Physiology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, IND
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Mohamed AAR, Behairy A, Abd El-Hakim YM, Metwally MMM, Khamis T, Abuzahrah SS, Abdelhamid AE, Alqahtani LS, Essawi WM, Alotaibi BS, Alosaimi M, Ahmed El-Shaer RA, Awad MM, El-Shetry ES. Comparable bio-evaluation of curcumin and chitosan-encapsulated curcumin nanoparticles against the reprotoxic potential of fenpropathrin pyrethroid in rats: Genomic and morphometric prospectives. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113977. [PMID: 37532170 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
This study delves into the intricate exploration of potential toxic effects resulting from subchronic exposure to fenpropathrin (FNP) on the reproductive system of male SD rats. Adding to the novelty, our study undertakes a pioneering comparison of the effects of curcumin (CUR) and curcumin-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles (CS.CUR.NPs) on these toxic effects. The study involved a cohort of sixty male SD rats (six groups): vehicle control, CUR, Cs.CUR.NPs, FNP, and two combination groups (FNP with CUR or Cs.CUR.NPs). The synthesized Cs.CUR.NPs nanoparticles underwent meticulous characterization using Fourier Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The findings revealed that FNP caused oxidative stress, sperm abnormalities, reduced motility and sperm count FNP decreased serum LH, FSH, 17-β estradiol, and testosterone levels. FNP downregulated the mRNA expression of the spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis-related genes, While, downregulated hypothalamic KISS-1 and KISS-1r expression. Histopathological alterations were assessed and scored. Surprisingly, the treatment with CUR and Cs.CUR.NPs exhibited remarkable restorative effects on semen quality, sex hormone levels, antioxidant capacity, and mRNA expression of the targeted genes. Notably, Cs.CUR.NPs displayed superior properties when compared to CUR. Nevertheless, further research is imperative to evaluate their efficacy across various bodily tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amany Behairy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M Abd El-Hakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M M Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Tarek Khamis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt; Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samah S Abuzahrah
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E Abdelhamid
- Polymers & Pigments Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St. Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Leena S Alqahtani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 23445, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa M Essawi
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt
| | - Badriyah S Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Manal Alosaimi
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Marwa Mahmoud Awad
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Eman S El-Shetry
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Cheron M, Brischoux F. Exposure to Low Concentrations of AMPA Influences Morphology and Decreases Survival During Larval Development in a Widespread Amphibian Species. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00244-023-01008-y. [PMID: 37468648 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate's primary metabolite, AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid), is one of the most widely detected anthropogenic substance in surface waters worldwide. However, ecotoxicological studies on the potential effects of this metabolite at environmental concentrations on wildlife are scarce. Yet, due to its chemical properties, AMPA is likely to affect non-target species. In this study, we investigated sublethal effects of environmental concentrations of AMPA on the larval development of a widespread amphibian species, the spined toad Bufo spinosus. We performed a factorial experiment to study the effect of concentration and the timing of exposure (during embryonic development, larval development or both) to AMPA on the morphology, rate of development and survival of tadpoles. AMPA and timing of exposure interactively affected tadpole size (individuals exposed to AMPA after hatching were transitorily smaller, while individuals exposed to AMPA before hatching were longer), but not duration of development. Most of these effects were linked to exposure during embryonic development. Such effects in individuals exposed during embryonic development solely were long-lasting and persisted until the latest larval stages. Finally, we found that exposure to AMPA after hatching (during the larval stage) increased mortality. Exposure to low environmental concentrations of AMPA could have long-lasting consequences on fitness and population persistence. These findings are especially important to take into account at a time when multiple threats can interact to affect wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Cheron
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC-CNRS UMR 7372, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - François Brischoux
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC-CNRS UMR 7372, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France.
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Prostaglandin Metabolome Profiles in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Exposed to Acetochlor and Butachlor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043488. [PMID: 36834899 PMCID: PMC9963763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are critically important signaling molecules that play key roles in normal and pathophysiological processes. Many endocrine-disrupting chemicals have been found to suppress PG synthesis; however, studies about the effects of pesticides on PGs are limited. The effects of two known endocrine disrupting herbicides, acetochlor (AC) and butachlor (BC), on PG metabolites in zebrafish (Danio rerio) females and males were studied using widely targeted metabolomics analysis based on ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). In total, 40 PG metabolites were detected in 24 zebrafish samples, including female and male samples, with and without exposure to AC or BC at the sub-lethal concentration of 100 μg/L for 96 h. Among them, 19 PGs significantly responded to AC or BC treatment, including 18 PGs that were upregulated. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test in zebrafish showed BC could cause significant upregulation of an isoprostane metabolite, 5-iPF2a-VI, which is positively related to the elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present study guides us to conduct a further study to determine whether PG metabolites, including isoprostanes, could be potential biomarkers for chloracetamide herbicides.
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Chittrakul J, Sapbamrer R, Hongsibsong S. Exposure to organophosphate insecticides, inappropriate personal protective equipment use, and cognitive performance among pesticide applicators. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1060284. [PMID: 36466523 PMCID: PMC9712794 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1060284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inappropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) among pesticide applicators may increase urinary organophosphate (OP) metabolite levels and subsequently increase risks of cognitive performance. Therefore, this study aims to (1) compare urinary OP metabolite levels and cognitive performance between pre-and post-pesticide application seasons; (2) PPE use and factors associated with PPE use linked to increased urinary OP metabolite levels during pesticide application; and (3) the association between urinary OP metabolite levels and cognitive performance. This longitudinal follow-up study on 79 pesticide applicators was carried out between October 2021 and January 2022. The applicators were interviewed, collected urine samples, and tested for cognitive performance in pre-and post-pesticide application seasons. The results found that the levels of urinary OP metabolites in post-application season were significantly higher than those in pre-application season (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis found that increased total diethylphosphate (DEP) and total dialkylphosphate (DAP) levels were associated with not wearing gloves while mixing pesticides [beta (β) ± standard error (SE) = -43.74 ± 18.52, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = -80.84, -6.64 for total DEP and -50.84 ± 19.26, 95% CI = -89.41, -12.26 for total DAP] and also with not wearing a mask while spraying pesticides (β ± SE = -31.76 ± 12.24, 95% CI = -56.28, -7.24 for total DEP and -33.20 ± 12.63, 95% CI = -58.49, -7.92 for total DAP) after adjusting for covariates. The scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Thai, Thai Mental State Examination, and Mini-Cognitive test in post-pesticide application were significantly lower than those in pre-pesticide application (p < 0.001). However, no association was found between urinary OP metabolite levels and cognitive decline. Our findings indicate that inappropriate PPE use during pesticide application was the major factor affecting urinary OP metabolite levels among pesticide applicators. Wearing gloves when mixing pesticides and a mask when spraying pesticides were key factors in reducing occupational exposure to OP. Exposure to OP at low levels and for short periods of exposure may not affect cognitive performance significantly. Therefore, long-term exposure and exposure to high levels of OP should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Chittrakul
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,*Correspondence: Ratana Sapbamrer ;
| | - Surat Hongsibsong
- School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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6
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Pesticide Exposure in Relation to the Incidence of Abnormal Glucose Regulation: A Retrospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127550. [PMID: 35742799 PMCID: PMC9223857 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and prediabetes (called abnormal glucose regulation (AGR)) are adverse health effects associated with exposure to pesticides. However, there are few epidemiological studies on the relationship between pesticide use and the incidence of AGR. We examined the causal relationship between pesticide use and AGR incidence in a rural population using data from a Korean Farmers’ Cohort study of 1076 participants. Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to calculate the relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate the relationship between pesticide exposure and AGR. The incidence of AGR in the pesticide-exposed group was 29.1%. Pesticide use increased the RR of AGR (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.03–1.69). We observed a low-dose effect related to exposure of pesticides to AGR and a U-shaped dose–response relationship in men. Pesticide exposure is related to the incidence of AGR, and the causal relationship differs between men and women.
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Samareh A, Asadikaram G, MojtabaAbbasi-Jorjandi, Abdollahdokht D, Abolhassani M, Khanjani N, Nematollahi MH. Occupational exposure to pesticides in farmworkers and the oxidative markers. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:455-469. [PMID: 35701988 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221106754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OPPs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are the two predominant forms of pesticides extensively used all around the world and are being reconsidered as environmental pollutants. The current study sought to assess the role of socioeconomic factors on the level of pesticides residues and the oxidative effects of exposure to OPPs and OCPs among the farmworkers of southeast Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 192 farmworkers and 74 non-farmworkers (controls) were involved. Gas chromatography (GC) was performed to measure the serum levels of organochlorine chemicals (2,4-DDT, 4,4-DDT, 2,4-DDE, 4,4-DDE, α-HCH, β-HCH, and γ-HCH). Furthermore, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, arylesterase activity of paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), and several oxidative stress (OS) markers were assessed. In addition, the impact of several parameters such as home to farm distance, education level, ventilation status, and personal protective equipment (PPE) on pesticide levels was analyzed. The levels of OCPs in the farmworkers were significantly higher than the control subjects. In addition, AChE activity, arylesterase activity of PON-1, and total antioxidant capacity in farmworkers were significantly less, and MDA levels were higher than the controls. Education level was associated with farmworkers' protective behavior. The current findings suggested that some phased out OCPs can still be measured in human samples in the southeast of Iran. Furthermore, the current study demonstrated that exposure to OCPs and OPPs was accompanied by adverse consequences regarding OS parameters and subsequent health problems. In addition, the findings of the present study suggest that improving farmworkers' education might be associated with reduced exposure to pesticides and less adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Samareh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, School of Medicine, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - MojtabaAbbasi-Jorjandi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Physiology Research center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Danial Abdollahdokht
- Physiology Research center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moslem Abolhassani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Nematollahi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Physiology Research center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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8
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Rafiee A, Delgado-Saborit JM, Sly PD, Amiri H, Mosalaei S, Hoseini M. Health consequences of disinfection against SARS-CoV-2: Exploring oxidative stress damage using a biomonitoring approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152832. [PMID: 34986424 PMCID: PMC8720300 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Individuals who get involved in the disinfection of public settings using sodium hypochlorite might suffer adverse health effects. However, scarce information is available on the potential oxidative stress damage caused at low concentrations typically used for disinfection. We aimed to assess whether exposure to sodium hypochlorite during the COVID-19 pandemic causes oxidative stress damage in workers engaged in disinfection tasks. 75 operators engaged in the disinfection of public places were recruited as the case group, and 60 individuals who were not exposed to disinfectant were chosen as the control group. Spot urine samples were collected before (BE) and after exposure (AE) to disinfectants in the case group. Likewise, controls provided two spot urine samples in the same way as the case group. Urinary malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were quantified by forming thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the urine. In addition, the concentration of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the urine was determined using an ELISA kit. Results showed significant differences in the urinary levels of oxidative stress markers, where median 8-OHdG (AE case: 3.84 ± 2.89 μg/g creatinine vs AE control 2.54 ± 1.21 μg/g creatinine) and MDA (AE case: 169 ± 89 μg/g creatinine vs AE control 121 ± 47 μg/g creatinine) levels in case group AE samples were 1.55 and 1.35-times higher than the control group AE samples (P < 0.05), respectively. Besides, urinary levels of oxidative stress markers in AE samples of the case group were significantly higher than in BE samples (8-OHdG BE 3.40 ± 1.95 μg/g creatinine, MDA BE 136 ± 51.3 μg/g creatinine, P < 0.05). Our results indicated that exposure to even low levels of sodium hypochlorite used in disinfection practices might cause oxidative stress related damage. With this in mind, implementing robust protective measures, such as specific respirators, is crucial to reduce the health burdens of exposure to disinfectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Rafiee
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Juana Maria Delgado-Saborit
- Universitat Jaume I, Perinatal Epidemiology, Environmental Health and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, Castellon, Spain; ISGlobal Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain; Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Center, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hoda Amiri
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Shamim Mosalaei
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hoseini
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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9
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Dhansoia V, Majumdar V, Manjunath NK, Singh Gaharwar U, Singh D. Breathing-Focused Yoga Intervention on Respiratory Decline in Chronically Pesticide-Exposed Farmers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:807612. [PMID: 35372380 PMCID: PMC8965718 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.807612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Occupational exposure to pesticides has been associated with lung and cognitive function exacerbations. In the present study, we tested the effectiveness of breathing focused yoga intervention on alleviation of adverse respiratory and cognitive effects associated with chronic pesticide exposure in farmers. Methods We undertook a parallel, two-armed randomized controlled trial with blinded outcome assessors on a chronically pesticide-exposed farming population. The study was conducted at district Panipat, State Haryana located in the Northern part of India from November 2019 to August 2020. A total of 634 farmers were screened, and 140 farmers were randomized to breathing-focused yoga intervention (BFY, n = 70) and waitlist control arms (n = 65). BFY was delivered weekly in 45-min group sessions over 12 weeks followed by home-based practice. The primary outcome was the change in spirometry-based markers of pulmonary function from baseline expressed as raw values, Global Lung Initiative (GLI) percent predicted (pp), and GLI z-scores after 24 weeks of intervention. Secondary variables were Trail making tests (TMT A and B), Digit symbol substitution (DSST), and WHO Quality of life-BREF (WHOQOL-Bref). Analysis was by intention-to-treat. Mediation analysis was done considering oxidative stress markers as potential mediators. Results At the end of 6 months of intervention, the overall follow-up in the participants was 87.85% (n = 123); 90% (n = 63) in the control group, and 85.71% in the yoga group (n = 60). The mean age of the study cohort (n = 140) was 38.75 (SD = 7.50) years. Compared with the control group, at 24 weeks post-intervention, the BFY group had significantly improved status of the raw sand z scores markers of airway obstruction, after adjusting for confounders, FEV1, FVC, FEF25-75 [z score-adjusted mean differences (95% CI); 1.66 (1.10-2.21) 1.88 (1.21-2.55), and 6.85 (5.12-8.57), respectively. A fraction of FEF25-75 change (mediation percentage 23.95%) was explained by glutathione augmentation. There were also significant improvements in cognitive scores of DSST, TMT-A and TMT-B, and WHOQOL-Bref. Conclusion In conclusion, regular practice of BFY could improve the exacerbations in the markers of airway obstruction in chronically pesticide-exposed farmers and cognitive variables. A significant mediating effect of glutathione augmentation was also observed concerning the effect of the intervention on FEF25-75. These findings provide an important piece of beneficial evidence of the breathing-based yoga intervention that needs validation across different farming ethnicities.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: CTRI/2019/11/021989.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Dhansoia
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| | - Vijaya Majumdar
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| | - N. K. Manjunath
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| | - Usha Singh Gaharwar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Alipur, Delhi
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10
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Konstantinou C, Gaengler S, Oikonomou S, Delplancke T, Charisiadis P, Makris KC. Use of metabolomics in refining the effect of an organic food intervention on biomarkers of exposure to pesticides and biomarkers of oxidative damage in primary school children in Cyprus: A cluster-randomized cross-over trial. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:107008. [PMID: 34991267 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to pesticides has been associated with oxidative stress in animals and humans. Previously, we showed that an organic food intervention reduced pesticide exposure and oxidative damage (OD) biomarkers over time; however associated metabolic changes are not fully understood yet. OBJECTIVES We assessed perturbations of the urine metabolome in response to an organic food intervention for children and its association with pesticides biomarkers [3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and 6-chloronicotinic acid (6-CN)]. We also evaluated the molecular signatures of metabolites associated with biomarkers of OD (8-iso-PGF2a and 8-OHdG) and related biological pathways. METHODS We used data from the ORGANIKO LIFE + trial (NCT02998203), a cluster-randomized cross-over trial conducted among primary school children in Cyprus. Participants (n = 149) were asked to follow an organic food intervention for 40 days and their usual food habits for another 40 days, providing up to six first morning urine samples (>850 samples in total). Untargeted GC-MS metabolomics analysis was performed. Metabolites with RSD ≤ 20% and D-ratio ≤ 50% were retained for analysis. Associations were examined using mixed-effect regression models and corrected for false-discovery rate of 0.05. Pathway analysis followed. RESULTS Following strict quality checks, 156 features remained out of a total of 610. D-glucose was associated with the organic food intervention (β = -0.23, 95% CI: -0.37,-0.10), aminomalonic acid showed a time-dependent increase during the intervention period (βint = 0.012; 95% CI:0.002, 0.022) and was associated with the two OD biomarkers (β = -0.27, 95% CI:-0.34,-0.20 for 8-iso-PGF2a and β = 0.19, 95% CI:0.11,0.28 for 8-OHdG) and uric acid with 8-OHdG (β = 0.19, 95% CI:0.11,0.26). Metabolites were involved in pathways such as the starch and sucrose metabolism and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. DISCUSSION This is the first metabolomics study providing evidence of differential expression of metabolites by an organic food intervention, corroborating the reduction in biomarkers of OD. Further mechanistic evidence is warranted to better understand the biological plausibility of an organic food treatment on children's health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Konstantinou
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus
| | - Stephanie Gaengler
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus
| | - Stavros Oikonomou
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus
| | - Thibaut Delplancke
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus
| | - Pantelis Charisiadis
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus
| | - Konstantinos C Makris
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus.
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Kapeleka JA, Sauli E, Ndakidemi PA. Pesticide exposure and genotoxic effects as measured by DNA damage and human monitoring biomarkers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2021; 31:805-822. [PMID: 31736325 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1690132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Occupational pesticides exposure rises health concern due to genotoxicity and accumulation of pesticides in human biological matrices. Continuous and sublethal exposure to pesticides had been associated with oxidative stress, mutagenic and cell death. Exposure to pesticides exhibits increased level of DNA damage even if no detectable amounts of pesticides are seen in biological matrices by binding specific areas in the DNA. This interferes normal body systems and mutation in gene encoding specific activities which may lead to a wide range of cancer. Presence of pesticides compounds in human biological matrices had been evident from various studies. However, detection methods are complex and inconsistent, making it difficult to compare and generalize findings. This article provides insight into genotoxic effects, presence of pesticides and their metabolites in human biological matrices and the resultant health effects as measured by DNA damage, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity inhibition and other biomarkers of pesticides exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jones A Kapeleka
- The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
- Tropical Pesticides Research Institute (TPRI)
| | - Elingarami Sauli
- The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Patrick A Ndakidemi
- The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
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12
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Abdollahdokht D, Asadikaram G, Abolhassani M, Pourghadamyari H, Abbasi-Jorjandi M, Faramarz S, Nematollahi MH. Pesticide exposure and related health problems among farmworkers' children: a case-control study in southeast Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:57216-57231. [PMID: 34086178 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are potentially hazardous chemicals that can cause injury to human health and the environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) exposure in farmworkers' children aged 6 to 11 years in Jiroft city in southeastern Iran. One hundred twenty farmworkers' children as case and 53 non-farmworkers' children aged 6 to 11 years as control were selected and the serum levels of OCPs were measured by using gas chromatography in all participants. In addition, erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and arylesterase activity of paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) were measured to evaluate OPPs effects. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase3 (SOD3), glutathione peroxidase (GPx3) activities, and the levels of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide (NO), and protein carbonyl (PC) were measured to investigate OCPs and OPPs effects on oxidative stress (OS). The serum levels of beta-HCH, 4,4 DDE, and 4,4 DDT in the case group were significantly higher than the control group. In addition, in the case group, AChE, PON-1, CAT, SOD3, and GPx3 activities and the levels TAC were significantly lower, while MDA, PC, and NO levels were significantly higher than the control group. OCPs as illegal pesticides are present in southeast Iran and children are exposed to OCPs and OPPs in the studied area. In addition, higher serum levels of pesticides may be a major contributor in OS development, as a cause of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Abdollahdokht
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Moslem Abolhassani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Pourghadamyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Abbasi-Jorjandi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sanaz Faramarz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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13
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Machado SC, Souza BM, de Aguiar Marciano LP, Souza Pereira AF, Lima Brigagão MRP, Machado Viana AL, Rodrigues MR, Martins I. Endpoints as human biomarkers in exposure assessment of triazoles fungicides. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:103703. [PMID: 34265456 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Potential endpoint biomarkers were evaluated in the assessment of exposure to triazoles, in the southern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Volunteers were divided into three groups: occupationally exposed and rural residents (n = 21), non-occupationally exposed and rural residents (n = 35) and non-occupationally exposed and urban residents (n = 30). Of all endpoints evaluated, plasma concentration of androstenedione (p < 0.001) and glycine-conjugated bile acids presented statistical differences in the three studied groups (p < 0.05). However, our findings concerning oxidative stress and testosterone levels, plus that related to unconjugated and taurine conjugated bile acids, suggested that more studies are necessary to evaluate their potential as biomarkers for triazole exposure, as statistical significance was not attained between the groups. Our human population data contributes to the development of triazole exposure risk assessment with respect to these potential effect biomarkers, in potentially vulnerable groups and individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Caetani Machado
- Laboratory of Toxicants and Drugs Analysis - LATF, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva street, 700, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna Maciel Souza
- Laboratory of Toxicants and Drugs Analysis - LATF, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva street, 700, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo de Aguiar Marciano
- Laboratory of Toxicants and Drugs Analysis - LATF, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva street, 700, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Souza Pereira
- Laboratory of Toxicants and Drugs Analysis - LATF, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva street, 700, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | | | - André Luiz Machado Viana
- Laboratory of Clinical Analysis - LACEN, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva street, 700, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Rita Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Clinical Analysis - LACEN, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva street, 700, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Isarita Martins
- Laboratory of Toxicants and Drugs Analysis - LATF, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva street, 700, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
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Benbrook C, Perry MJ, Belpoggi F, Landrigan PJ, Perro M, Mandrioli D, Antoniou MN, Winchester P, Mesnage R. Commentary: Novel strategies and new tools to curtail the health effects of pesticides. Environ Health 2021; 20:87. [PMID: 34340709 PMCID: PMC8330079 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00773-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flaws in the science supporting pesticide risk assessment and regulation stand in the way of progress in mitigating the human health impacts of pesticides. Critical problems include the scope of regulatory testing protocols, the near-total focus on pure active ingredients rather than formulated products, lack of publicly accessible information on co-formulants, excessive reliance on industry-supported studies coupled with reticence to incorporate published results in the risk assessment process, and failure to take advantage of new scientific opportunities and advances, e.g. biomonitoring and "omics" technologies. RECOMMENDED ACTIONS Problems in pesticide risk assessment are identified and linked to study design, data, and methodological shortcomings. Steps and strategies are presented that have potential to deepen scientific knowledge of pesticide toxicity, exposures, and risks. We propose four solutions: (1) End near-sole reliance in regulatory decision-making on industry-supported studies by supporting and relying more heavily on independent science, especially for core toxicology studies. The cost of conducting core toxicology studies at labs not affiliated with or funded directly by pesticide registrants should be covered via fees paid by manufacturers to public agencies. (2) Regulators should place more weight on mechanistic data and low-dose studies within the range of contemporary exposures. (3) Regulators, public health agencies, and funders should increase the share of exposure-assessment resources that produce direct measures of concentrations in bodily fluids and tissues. Human biomonitoring is vital in order to quickly identify rising exposures among vulnerable populations including applicators, pregnant women, and children. (4) Scientific tools across disciplines can accelerate progress in risk assessments if integrated more effectively. New genetic and metabolomic markers of adverse health impacts and heritable epigenetic impacts are emerging and should be included more routinely in risk assessment to effectively prevent disease. CONCLUSIONS Preventing adverse public health outcomes triggered or made worse by exposure to pesticides will require changes in policy and risk assessment procedures, more science free of industry influence, and innovative strategies that blend traditional methods with new tools and mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Benbrook
- Heartland Health Research Alliance, 10526 SE Vashon Vista Drive, Port Orchard, WA 98367 USA
| | - Melissa J. Perry
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC USA
| | | | - Philip J. Landrigan
- Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Newton, MA 02467 USA
| | | | | | - Michael N. Antoniou
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Paul Winchester
- School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Robin Mesnage
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
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15
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Sharma P, Bilkhiwal N, Chaturvedi P, Kumar S, Khetarpal P. Potential environmental toxicant exposure, metabolizing gene variants and risk of PCOS-A systematic review. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 103:124-132. [PMID: 34126208 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of environmental toxicants such as potentially toxic metals and pesticides have largely been attributed to produce adverse effects on general women's health and to be more precise on the reproductive system. In order to explore exposure of toxicants and metabolizing gene variants as risk factor for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), literature search was carried out using the databases PubMed, Central Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Science Direct with appropriate keywords upto 6 December 2020. While most of the studies indicate higher serum Cu concentration and lower concentration of Mn as risk factor, studies also report presence of higher pesticide concentration in PCOS women. Genes such as MTHFR, CYPs participate in the metabolism of toxicants and may show different response due to underlying genetic variants. Thus, toxicant exposure are to some extent responsible for the pathogenesis of syndrome through oxidative stress and endocrine disruption, but the susceptibility may vary due to the underlying genetic polymorphism of the exposed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sharma
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Nisha Bilkhiwal
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Pragya Chaturvedi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
| | - Preeti Khetarpal
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
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16
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Madboli AENA, Seif MM. Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn protects female reproductive system against carbendazim toxicity in rats: immunohistochemical, histopathological, and pathophysiological studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:19768-19782. [PMID: 33405113 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11279-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This experimental study is done to clarify the protective role of the Adiantum capillus-veneris linn plant extracts (ACVL) in Sprague-Dawley female rat reproductive organs that are intoxicated by carbendazim pesticide (CBZ). This aim is achieved by the immunohistochemical detection of the inflammatory marker NF-ҡB-P65. This aim is achieved by the immunohistochemical detection of the inflammatory marker NF-ҡB-P65 and also, description of the histopathological and pathophysiological changes. Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups (n = 8) and were daily treated orally for 4 weeks. The first group as a control, the second group was treated with ACVL plant extract 200 mg/kg b.w., the third group was treated with CBZ 25 mg/kg b.w., and the fourth group was treated with CBZ 25 mg + ACVL plant extract 200 mg/kg b.w. The pathophysiological results showed that in the third group, the ovarian tissue malondialdehyde content was elevated, but the fourth group exhibited it at a normal level. Reductions in the ovarian tissue content of glutathione, superoxide dismutase activity, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and also serum FSH, LH, and estradiol hormones were observed in the third group, while, in the fourth group, all these items recorded normal level. The histopathological findings in the third group exhibited severe congestion and hemorrhage in the ovaries, oviducts, myometrium, gastric submucosa, splenic white pulps, and brain subarachnoid spaces. The fourth group showed protection from the congestion and hemorrhage, and no histopathological changes occurred. The immunohistochemical results in the third group revealed strong positive immunoreaction against the NF-ҡB-P65 antigen in the uterus and stomach. Ovaries, spleen, and brain showed moderate positive immunoreaction. The fourth group disclosed negative immunoreaction for the NF-ҡB-P65 antigen. In conclusion, CBZ toxicity induced histopathological changes in female rat reproductive organs. CBZ induced changes in the enzymatic activities measured in ovarian and brain tissue homogenates. CBZ causes an elevation in NF-ҡB P65 as an inflammatory marker, especially in the uterus and stomach. The ACVL plant extract acts as a protective factor to prevent the CBZ toxicity and also has an anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing the synthesis of NF-ҡB-P65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd El-Nasser A Madboli
- Veterinary Research Division, Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Seif
- Food Industries and Nutrition Division, Toxicology and Food Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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17
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Protective effect of coenzyme Q10 nanoparticles against monocrotophos induced oxidative stress in kidney tissues of rats. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00732-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Chi Z, Liu J, Tan S, Lin H, Wu W, Li W. Revealing the toxicity of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) to the oxygen-carrying function of red blood cells (RBCs): The iron release mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128017. [PMID: 32841881 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs), as typical hormone pollutants, do harms to human health after enrichment over a long term exposure, causing the loss of oxygen-carrying function of red blood cells (RBCs). This study has investigated the mechanism for the toxicity of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) on the oxygen-carrying function of RBCs by measuring the iron release content of hemoglobin (Hb) in vivo and in vitro. The hematologic examination showed that the high dose of DMP at 1000 mg/kg significantly reduced the Hb content and increased the granulocyte content, whereas such toxicity was not relatively observed at a low (50 mg/kg) or a medium (250 mg/kg) dose of DMP. The in vitro experiments showed that DMP, incubated with RBCs, increased the iron release content as a function of DMP concentration. Interestingly, such a phenomenon was not observed when DMP was incubated with Hb alone, indicating that the release of hemoglobin iron could not directly caused by the combination of DMP and hemoglobin. The in vivo experiments indicated that DMP induced iron release and oxidative stress for rat RBCs. Moreover, vitamin C and E was found to reduce the level of iron release by recovering erythrocytes from the oxidative stress induced by DMP. This work has revealed that the oxidative stress induced by DMP, causing the release of Hb iron from RBCs, is the reason for the toxicity of DMP to the oxygen-carrying function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Chi
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, Weihai, 264209, PR China.
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Songwen Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Hongwei Lin
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Weilin Wu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, Weihai, 264209, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Weiguo Li
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, Weihai, 264209, PR China
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19
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Abbasi-Jorjandi M, Asadikaram G, Abolhassani M, Fallah H, Abdollahdokht D, Salimi F, Faramarz S, Pournamdari M. Pesticide exposure and related health problems among family members of farmworkers in southeast Iran. A case-control study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115424. [PMID: 32866869 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticides used in agriculture are some of the most common pollutants in the world. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Organophosphorus Pesticides (OPPs) and Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) on the families of farmworkers in the southeast of Iran. METHODS In the present case-control study, 141 family members of farmworkers (as the case group) and 59 family members of non-farmworkers (as the controls) were recruited. Serum levels of OCPs such as α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, 2,4-DDE, 4,4-DDE, 2,4-DDT, and 4,4-DDT were determined. In addition, erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein carbonyl (PC), nitric oxide (NO) serum levels, arylesterase activity of paraoxonase 1 (PON-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were determined in all participants. Furthermore, distance to farmlands, education, crops, type, and the number of consumed fruits were evaluated for each individual separately. RESULTS The erythrocyte AChE activity and serum activities of GPx, SOD, and PON-1 and TAC levels were significantly decreased, whereas the concentration of MDA, PC, NO, and seven OCPs were significantly increased in the farmworkers' families as compared to the controls. Spearman correlation and linear regression suggest that OCPs increase the oxidative stress in farmworkers' family members. Moreover, distance, education, farming precedence, products, and ventilation had significant effects on the OCP levels and increased the odds ratio of OCP levels in farmworkers' families. CONCLUSION With regards to the data obtained in this study, it was revealed that OCPs as illegal pesticides and OPPs were higher than expected in the farmworkers' family members. Furthermore, exposure to OCPs and OPPs, apart from the other effects on the body, leads to oxidative stress (OS) that may cause serious diseases in the exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Abbasi-Jorjandi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Moslem Abolhassani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Danial Abdollahdokht
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fouzieh Salimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sanaz Faramarz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mostafa Pournamdari
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Department of Medical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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20
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Thakur S, Sarkar B, Dhiman M, Mantha AK. Organophosphate-pesticides induced survival mechanisms and APE1-mediated Nrf2 regulation in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22640. [PMID: 33078895 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and molecular studies have indicated that environmental exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) is associated with increased cancer risk; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms still need to be explained. Increasing cancer incidence is linked to OPPs-induced oxidative stress (OS). Our study evaluates monocrotophos (MCP) and chlorpyrifos (CP)-induced OS responses and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) role in human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Our prior study has implicated OPPs-induced base excision repair (BER)-pathway dysregulation and APE1-mediated regulation of transcription factor (TF) c-jun in A549 cells. We further investigated the effects of MCP and CP on apoptosis, proliferation, and APE1's redox-regulation of nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2). Data demonstrates that MCP and CP at subtoxic concentrations induced reactive oxygen species generation and oxidative DNA base damage 8-oxo-dG lesions in NCI-H1299 cells. CP moderately upregulated the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in A549 cells, however, it did not trigger other pro-apoptotic factors viz. caspase-9 and caspase-3, suggesting early caspase-independent apoptosis. However, dose-dependent AIF-downregulation was observed for MCP treatment. Furthermore, CP and MCP treatments upregulated proliferating cell nuclear antigen levels. Immunofluorescent confocal imaging showed the colocalization of APE1 with Nrf2 in 10 µM CP- and MCP-treated NCI-H1299 cells. Immunoprecipitation confirmed that APE1 and Nrf2 physically interacted, indicating the role of APE1-mediated Nrf2 activation following OPPs treatment. This study suggests that low concentration MCP and CP exposure generates OS along with DNA damage, and modulates apoptosis, and APE1-mediated Nrf2 activation, which might be considered as the possible mechanism promoting lung cancer cell survival, suggesting that APE1 may have the potential to become a therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Thakur
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
- Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Bibekananda Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
- Department of Zoology, B.S.S. College (affiliated to the B. N. Mandal University, Madhepura, Bihar), Supaul, Bihar, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anil K Mantha
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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21
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Ratna MG, Nugrahaningsih DAA, Sholikhah EN, Dwianingsih EK, Malueka RG. The association between PON1 and GSTM1 genetic variation with methylation of p16 gene promoter among Javanese farmers exposed to pesticides at Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03993. [PMID: 32478190 PMCID: PMC7248662 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational exposure to pesticides leads to the development of cancer. Aberrant DNA methylation plays a crucial role in cancer. The manifestation of the carcinogenic effect of pesticides could be determined by the variation of genes encoding enzyme, including PON1 Q192R and GSTM1. The goal of this study was to find out polymorphism of PON1 Q192R and methylation of p16 gene promoter, and their correlation on Javanese farmers in the agricultural area of Ngablak Subdistrict, Magelang Regency, Central Java. Seventy-eight pesticide-exposed farmers enrolled in the study. Polymorphism of PON Q192R was determined using PCR-RFLP and variation of GSTM1 was examined using conventional PCR. The methylation of the p16 gene promoter was determined using methylation-specific PCR. The result revealed 94.9% polymorphism of PON1 Q192R, which was higher in the R/R (Arg/Arg) genotypes than Q/R (Gln/Arg) and lowest in Q/Q (Gln/Gln) genotypes. We also found 82.1% GSTM1 null genotype among the farmers enrolled in the study. As many as 26.9% methylations of p16 gene promoter were found among farmers. Genetic variation of PON1 Q192R and GSTM1 were not found to be correlated to the methylation status of p16 gene promoter in the Javanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya G Ratna
- Master of Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dwi A A Nugrahaningsih
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
| | - Eti N Sholikhah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ery K Dwianingsih
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
| | - Rusdy G Malueka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
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22
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Park S, Choi JR, Kim SK, Lee S, Lee K, Kim JY, Oh SS, Koh SB. Increased risk of atherosclerosis associated with pesticide exposure in rural areas in Korea. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232531. [PMID: 32357160 PMCID: PMC7194402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a progressive inflammation in systemic vessels, and pesticide exposure has been emerging as its risk factor. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between pesticide exposure and the risk of atherosclerosis in a rural population in Korea using carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). This study used dataset from the baseline survey of the Korea Farmers Cohort Study between November 2005 and January 2008, and the final analysis included 477 participants. Well-structured questionnaires were used to estimate pesticide exposure. CIMT ≥ 0.9 mm was established for carotid atherosclerosis. Multiple logistic regression analyses were undertaken to evaluate the association between pesticide exposure and atherosclerosis, adjusting demographic and health-related confounders. Even after adjustments, the increased risk of atherosclerosis was significantly associated with pesticide exposure, such as a lifetime history of farming (odds ratio [OR] 3.25 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.51–6.98), a history of using pesticide (OR 3.42 95% CI 1.63–7.16), using pesticide 10 times or more annually (OR 2.55 95% CI 1.21–5.39), and higher cumulative exposure index level (OR 3.63 95% CI 1.65–7.97). Further prospective studies are required to elucidate effects of pesticide exposure on the risk of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Cheonan Medical Center, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jung Ran Choi
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sung-Kyung Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Solam Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kyungsuk Lee
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jang-Young Kim
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Oh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sang-Baek Koh
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Center for Global Health and Social Medicine, Institute of Poverty Alleviation and International Development, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- * E-mail:
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23
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Khalid S, Shahid M, Murtaza B, Bibi I, Asif Naeem M, Niazi NK. A critical review of different factors governing the fate of pesticides in soil under biochar application. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:134645. [PMID: 31822404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are extensively used in the modern agricultural system. The inefficient and extensive use of pesticides during the last 5 to 6 decades inadvertently led to serious deterioration of environmental quality with health risk to living organisms, including humans. It is important to use some environmentally-friendly and sustainable approaches to remediate, restore and maintain soil quality. Biochar has gained considerable attention globally as a promising soil amendment because it has the ability to adsorb and as such minimize the bioavailability of pesticides in soils. This review emphasizes the recent trends and implications of biochar in pesticide-contaminated soils, as well as highlights need of the pesticides use and associated environmental issues in context of the biochar application. The overarching aim of this review is to signify the role of biochar on primary processes such as effect of biochar on the persistence, mineralization, leaching and efficacy of pesticides in soil. Notably, the effects of biochar on pesticide adsorption-desorption, degradation and bioavailability under various operating/production conditions are critically discussed. This review delineates the indirect impact of biochar on pesticides persistence in soils and proposes key recommendations for future research which are essential for the remediation and restoration of pesticides-impacted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia.
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24
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Seydi E, Mehrpouya L, Sadeghi H, Rahimi S, Pourahmad J. Toxicity of fipronil on rat heart mitochondria. TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2019.1700382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Enayatollah Seydi
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Leila Mehrpouya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadiseh Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Rahimi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Pesticides as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome: Population-based longitudinal study in Korea. Mol Cell Toxicol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-019-0047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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26
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Fountoucidou P, Veskoukis AS, Kerasioti E, Docea AO, Taitzoglou IA, Liesivuori J, Tsatsakis A, Kouretas D. A mixture of routinely encountered xenobiotics induces both redox adaptations and perturbations in blood and tissues of rats after a long-term low-dose exposure regimen: The time and dose issue. Toxicol Lett 2019; 317:24-44. [PMID: 31541690 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of humans to xenobiotic mixtures is a continuous state during their everyday routine. However, the majority of toxicological studies assess the in vivo effects of individual substances rather than mixtures. Therefore, our main objective was to evaluate the impact of the 12- and 18-month exposure of rats to a mixture containing 13 pesticides, food, and life-style additives in three dosage levels (i.e. 0.0025 × NOAEL, 0.01 × NOAEL, and 0.05 × NOAEL), on redox biomarkers in blood and tissues. Our results indicate that the exposure to the mixture induces physiological adaptations by enhancing the blood antioxidant mechanism (i.e., increased glutathione, catalase and total antioxidant capacity and decreased protein carbonyls and TBARS) at 12 months of exposure. On the contrary, exposure to the 0.05 × NOAEL dose for 18 months induces significant perturbations in blood and tissue redox profile (i.e., increased carbonyls and TBARS). This study simulates a scenario of real-life risk exposure to mixtures of xenobiotics through a long-term low-dose administration regimen in rats. The results obtained could support, at least in part, the necessity of introducing testing of combined stimuli at reference doses and long term for the evaluation of the risk from exposure to chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Fountoucidou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Aristidis S Veskoukis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthalia Kerasioti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Craiova, 200349, Romania
| | - Ioannis A Taitzoglou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece.
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Makris KC, Konstantinou C, Andrianou XD, Charisiadis P, Kyriacou A, Gribble MO, Christophi CA. A cluster-randomized crossover trial of organic diet impact on biomarkers of exposure to pesticides and biomarkers of oxidative stress/inflammation in primary school children. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219420. [PMID: 31483785 PMCID: PMC6726134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite suggestive observational epidemiology and laboratory studies, there is limited experimental evidence regarding the effect of organic diet on human health. A cluster-randomized 40-day-organic (vs. 40-day-conventional) crossover trial was conducted among children (11–12 years old) from six schools in Cyprus. One restaurant provided all organic meals, and adherence to the organic diet intervention was measured by parent-provided diet questionnaire/diary data. Biomarkers of pyrethroid and neonicotinoid pesticide exposures were measured using tandem mass spectrometry, and oxidative stress/inflammation (OSI) biomarkers using immunoassays or spectrophotometry. Associations were assessed using mixed-effect regression models including interactions of treatment with time. Seventy-two percent of neonicotinoid biomarkers were non-detectable and modeled as binary (whether detectable). In post-hoc analysis, we considered the outcome of age-and-sex-standardized BMI. Multiple comparisons were handled using Benjamini-Hochberg correction for 58 regression parameters. Outcome data were available for 149 children. Children had lower pesticide exposures during the organic period (pyrethroid geometric mean ratio, GMR = 0.297; [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.237, 0.373], Q-value<0.05); odds for detection of neonicotinoids (OR = 0.651; [95% CI: 0.463, 0.917), Q-value<0.05); and decreased OSI biomarker 8-OHdG (GMR = 0.888; [95% CI: 0.808, 0.976], Q-value<0.05). An initial increase was followed by a countervailing decrease over time in the organic period for OSI biomarkers 8-iso-PGF2a and MDA. BMI z-scores were lower at the end of the organic period (β = -0.131; [95% CI: 0.179, -0.920], Q-value<0.05). Energy intake during the conventional period was reported to be higher than the recommended reference levels. The organic diet intervention reduced children’s exposure to pyrethroid and neonicotinoid pesticides and, over time lowered biomarkers of oxidative stress/inflammation (8-iso-PGF2a, 8-OHdG and MDA). The several-week organic diet intervention also reduced children’s age-and-sex-standardized BMI z-scores, but causal inferences regarding organic diet’s physiological benefits are limited by the confounding of the organic diet intervention with caloric intake reduction and possible lifestyle changes during the trial. Trial registration: This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number: NCT02998203.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos C. Makris
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
- * E-mail:
| | - Corina Konstantinou
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Xanthi D. Andrianou
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Pantelis Charisiadis
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Alexis Kyriacou
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew O. Gribble
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Costas A. Christophi
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
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Tranfo G, Paci E, Carrieri M, Marchetti E, Sisto R, Gherardi M, Costabile F, Bauleo L, Ancona C, Pigini D. Levels of Urinary Biomarkers of Oxidatively Generated Damage to DNA and RNA in Different Groups of Workers Compared to General Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16162995. [PMID: 31434269 PMCID: PMC6719150 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The products of guanine oxidation in DNA and RNA excreted in urine are 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua), 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo), and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo). Despite intra and inter-individual variability, it is possible to identify situations that significantly increase the levels of these compounds when comparing urinary concentrations of some workers to those of the general population. (2) Methods: urines from gasoline pump attendants (58 from Saudi Arabia and 102 from Italy), 24 workers of a fiberglass reinforced plastics plant, 17 painters and 6 divers were analyzed by HPLC/MS-MS. To test the individual variability, two subjects provided daily samples for one month, and 132 urine samples from the general population were analyzed. (3) Results: We summarized the results for each biomarker, and found the following were statistically higher than in the general population: 8-oxoGua in fiberglass and Italian gasoline workers; 8-oxodGuo in fiberglass and both Saudi Arabian and Italian gasoline workers; 8-oxoGuo in fiberglass workers, both Saudi Arabian and Italian gasoline workers, and painters after the working shift. (4) Conclusions: these results confirm that both 8-oxodGuo and 8-oxoGuo are valuable biomarkers for occupational exposures to dangerous chemicals and seem to suggest that 8-oxoGuo, related to RNA oxidation, is a suitable biomarker to evaluate short term, reversible effects of occupational exposures even within the health-based limit values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Tranfo
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology, Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, INAIL Research, via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy.
| | - Enrico Paci
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology, Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, INAIL Research, via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariella Carrieri
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Marchetti
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology, Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, INAIL Research, via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Sisto
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology, Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, INAIL Research, via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Gherardi
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology, Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, INAIL Research, via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Costabile
- CNR-ISAC-Italian National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Science and Climate, via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Lisa Bauleo
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Via Cristoforo Colombo 112, 00147 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Ancona
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Via Cristoforo Colombo 112, 00147 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pigini
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology, Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, INAIL Research, via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
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Afolabi OK, Aderibigbe FA, Folarin DT, Arinola A, Wusu AD. Oxidative stress and inflammation following sub-lethal oral exposure of cypermethrin in rats: mitigating potential of epicatechin. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02274. [PMID: 31440603 PMCID: PMC6700339 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CYP), a synthetic pyrethroid is a common environmental toxicant owing to its wide usage as a broad-spectrum insecticide. Its exposure to non-target organisms, including man, elicits numerous adverse effects making it a major public health issue. Epicatechin (EC) has proven anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective efficacy of epicatechin with regards to altered oxidative and inflammatory parameters subsequent to CYP treatment in rats. Animals were divided into four groups. The first group served as the control, while groups 2, 3, and 4 were orally treated with EC (30 mg kg−1 body weight), CYP (25 mg kg−1 body weight), and CYP plus EC, respectively. Oral administration of CYP for 14 days increased the levels of oxidative stress markers such as malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxides, and advanced oxidized protein products in the liver and kidney. These were accompanied by a decrease in glutathione and total antioxidant capacity levels. The activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase was increased while catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were decreased in these organs. Moreover, CYP increased plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha. The plasma content of the nitrative nucleic acid marker, 8-nitroguanine was also markedly elevated by CYP. Administration of EC to CYP-exposed rats mitigated the induced oxidative and inflammatory effects. These data suggest that EC can attenuate the toxic effects induced by CYP exposure.
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Li J, Hao Y, Tian D, He S, Sun X, Yang H. Relationship between cumulative exposure to pesticides and sleep disorders among greenhouse vegetable farmers. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:373. [PMID: 30943937 PMCID: PMC6448255 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the northern region of China, many greenhouse vegetable farmers are exposed to high cumulative levels of pesticides due to long-term work in greenhouses that impacts their health. The aim of the current study was to identify the relationship between cumulative pesticide exposure and sleep disorders among farmers in Yinchuan, Northwest China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted for 3 consecutive years in 2015, 2016 and 2017. Using a random sampling to select the resident teams, 1366 participants were enrolled, and information was collected via face-to-face interviews by trained investigators. Ordinal logistic, multinomial logistic and poisson logistic regression models were used to identify the associations between cumulative exposure intensity (CEI) and sleep disorders. Results High CEI (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.02–3.38) was associated with short sleep duration when compared with low CEI in the Full Model. CEI was not associated with long sleep duration. Self-rated sleep quality was associated with medium (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.10–2.00) and high (OR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.83–3.40) CEI. Similarly, having difficulty sleeping was associated with medium (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.02–2.24) and high (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.16–2.62) CEI. Differences in the associations by gender were also noted. Conclusion CEI was associated with sleep disorders, and gender differences were observed. Efforts should be made by local governments to address sleep problems that result from cumulative pesticide exposure in farmers, and gender differences should be considered. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-6712-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yanxing Hao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Danian Tian
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Shulan He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xian Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Huifang Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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31
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Pesticide exposure and cognitive decline in a rural South Korean population. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213738. [PMID: 30897108 PMCID: PMC6428296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the relationship between pesticide exposure and cognitive decline in a rural South Korean population. From July 2015 to December 2017, 200 randomly selected Korean Farmers Cohort study participants were recruited and of these, 169 participants were analyzed. Pesticide exposure was investigated using a standardized questionnaire, and the Korean-Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MoCA) was conducted. Cognitive decline was more frequent among those directly exposed to pesticides (P = 0.057). Pesticide exposure and cognitive decline were positively correlated in the group with direct exposure versus no exposure (crude odds ratio [OR], 2.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–6.04); this relationship was insignificant after adjustment (adjusted OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 0.57–3.92). There was a significant difference in the K-MoCA scores for each group based on pesticide exposure (P = 0.003). When we stratified by age, differences in the K-MoCA scores depending on the degree of pesticide exposure in the those aged 60 to 69 years were identified. Overall, there was a tendency towards an association between pesticide exposure and cognitive decline in rural Korean adult farmers. In our study, chronic pesticide exposure tended to have a greater impact in certain age group (60–69 years) than in those under 60 and over 70.
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32
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Li J, Dong L, Tian D, Zhao Y, Yang H, Zhi X, Zhu L. Association between pesticide exposure intensity and self-rated health among greenhouse vegetable farmers in Ningxia, China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209566. [PMID: 30576364 PMCID: PMC6303074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Self-rated health (SRH) has been shown to be a stronger comprehensive predictor of health status than the clinical record. Although an association between specific pesticide exposures and health conditions has been reported in different populations, data on the relationship between pesticides exposure intensity (PEI) and SRH in greenhouse farmers is scarce. The aim of the current study was to evaluate this association among vegetable greenhouse farmers in Yinchuan City, western China. Methods Three consecutive cross-sectional studies were conducted in the years 2015, 2016 and 2017. Face-to-face interviews by trained investigators, using questionnaires, were performed. PEI was calculated by a validated method and then categorized into high, middle and low groups. SRH was measured via a single ten-point scale question and then divided into excellent (score >5) and poor SRH (score ≤5). A multivariable logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association. Meanwhile, the dose-response and interaction effects were estimated. Results A steady association between high PEI and poor SRH (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.05–2.28 in the full model) was identified. Although high PEI was significantly associated with poor SRH in males and the Han ethnicity group, no significant association was found with poor SRH in females or those of Hui ethnicity. Interaction effects of education level and frequency of breakfast with PEI were determined (Pinteraction = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively); synergistic enhanced effects for poor SRH were observed. Conclusion These findings indicate that high PEI might be associated with poor SRH among vegetable greenhouse farmers. A lower education level and never eating breakfast contributed to an increased likelihood of poor SRH in those with high PEI. The local government should be making great efforts to promote healthy behaviors and improve protection awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lijun Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Danian Tian
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Huifang Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xiaoyu Zhi
- Department of infection control, The first people' hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lingqin Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Oxidative stress in triazine pesticide toxicity: a review of the main biomarker findings. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2018; 69:109-125. [DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2018-69-3118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This review article provides a summary of the studies relying on oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in particular) to investigate the effects of atrazine and terbuthylazine exposure in experimental animals and humans published since 2010. In general, experimental animals showed that atrazine and terbuthylazine exposure mostly affected their antioxidant defences and, to a lesser extent, lipid peroxidation, but the effects varied by the species, sex, age, herbicide concentration, and duration of exposure. Most of the studies involved aquatic organisms as useful and sensitive bio-indicators of environmental pollution and important part of the food chain. In laboratory mice and rats changes in oxidative stress markers were visible only with exposure to high doses of atrazine. Recently, our group reported that low-dose terbuthylazine could also induce oxidative stress in Wistar rats. It is evident that any experimental assessment of pesticide toxic effects should take into account a combination of several oxidative stress and antioxidant defence biomarkers in various tissues and cell compartments. The identified effects in experimental models should then be complemented and validated by epidemiological studies. This is important if we wish to understand the impact of pesticides on human health and to establish safe limits.
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Yahia D, Ali MF. Assessment of neurohepatic DNA damage in male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to organophosphates and pyrethroid insecticides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:15616-15629. [PMID: 29572745 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The current work was undertaken to test the genotoxic potential of chlorpyrifos (CPF), dimethoate, and lambda cyhalothrin (LCT) insecticides in rat brain and liver using the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Three groups of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed orally to one third LD50of CPF, dimethoate, or LCT for 24 and 48 h while the control group received corn oil. Serum samples were collected for estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); the brain and liver samples were used for comet assay and for histopathological examination. Results showed that signs of neurotoxicity appeared clinically as backward stretching of hind limb and splayed gait in dimethoate and LCT groups, respectively. CPF, LCT, and dimethoate induced oxidative stress indicated by increased MDA and decreased GPx levels. CPF and LCT caused severe DNA damage in the brain and liver at 24 and 48 h indicated by increased percentage of DNA in tail, tail length, tail moment, and olive tail moment. Dimethoate induced mild DNA damage in the brain and liver at 48 h. Histopathological changes were observed in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and liver of exposed rats. The results concluded that CPF, LCT, and dimethoate insecticides induced oxidative stress and DNA damage associated with histological changes in the brain and liver of exposed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha Yahia
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Marwa F Ali
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Koh SB, Kim TH, Min S, Lee K, Kang DR, Choi JR. Exposure to pesticide as a risk factor for depression: A population-based longitudinal study in Korea. Neurotoxicology 2017; 62:181-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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