1
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Oh J, Kwon OB, Park SW, Kim JW, Lee H, Kim YK, Choi EJ, Jung H, Choi DK, Oh BJ, Min SH. Advancing Cardiovascular Drug Screening Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7971. [PMID: 39063213 PMCID: PMC11277421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) have emerged as a promising tool for studying cardiac physiology and drug responses. However, their use is largely limited by an immature phenotype and lack of high-throughput analytical methodology. In this study, we developed a high-throughput testing platform utilizing hPSC-CMs to assess the cardiotoxicity and effectiveness of drugs. Following an optimized differentiation and maturation protocol, hPSC-CMs exhibited mature CM morphology, phenotype, and functionality, making them suitable for drug testing applications. We monitored intracellular calcium dynamics using calcium imaging techniques to measure spontaneous calcium oscillations in hPSC-CMs in the presence or absence of test compounds. For the cardiotoxicity test, hPSC-CMs were treated with various compounds, and calcium flux was measured to evaluate their effects on calcium dynamics. We found that cardiotoxic drugs withdrawn due to adverse drug reactions, including encainide, mibefradil, and cetirizine, exhibited toxicity in hPSC-CMs but not in HEK293-hERG cells. Additionally, in the effectiveness test, hPSC-CMs were exposed to ATX-II, a sodium current inducer for mimicking long QT syndrome type 3, followed by exposure to test compounds. The observed changes in calcium dynamics following drug exposure demonstrated the utility of hPSC-CMs as a versatile model system for assessing both cardiotoxicity and drug efficacy. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of hPSC-CMs in advancing drug discovery and development, which offer a physiologically relevant platform for the preclinical screening of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Oh
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (J.O.); (O.-B.K.); (J.-W.K.); (H.L.); (Y.-K.K.)
| | - Oh-Bin Kwon
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (J.O.); (O.-B.K.); (J.-W.K.); (H.L.); (Y.-K.K.)
| | - Sang-Wook Park
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jun-Woo Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (J.O.); (O.-B.K.); (J.-W.K.); (H.L.); (Y.-K.K.)
| | - Heejin Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (J.O.); (O.-B.K.); (J.-W.K.); (H.L.); (Y.-K.K.)
| | - Young-Kyu Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (J.O.); (O.-B.K.); (J.-W.K.); (H.L.); (Y.-K.K.)
| | - Eun Ji Choi
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (E.J.C.); (H.J.)
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Haiyoung Jung
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (E.J.C.); (H.J.)
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Choi
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bae Jun Oh
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (J.O.); (O.-B.K.); (J.-W.K.); (H.L.); (Y.-K.K.)
| | - Sang-Hyun Min
- Department of Innovative Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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2
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Kim AR, Shrivastava S, Lee HB, Lee NE. Highly Durable, Stretchable Multielectrode Array for Electro-mechanical Co-stimulation of Cells. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0030. [PMID: 38947863 PMCID: PMC11214829 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Electro-mechanical co-stimulation of cells can be a useful cue for tissue engineering. However, reliable co-stimulation platforms still have limitations due to low durability of the components and difficulty in optimizing the stimulation parameters. Although various electro-mechanical co-simulation systems have been explored, integrating materials and components with high durability is still limited. To tackle this problem, we designed an electro-mechanical co-stimulation system that facilitates uniaxial cyclic stretching, electrical stimulation, and optical monitoring. This system utilizes a robust and autoclavable stretchable multielectrode array housed within a compact mini-incubator. To illustrate its effectiveness, we conducted experiments that highlighted how electro-mechanical co-stimulation using this system can enhance the maturation of cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. The results showed great potential of our co-stimulation platform as an effective tool for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ri Kim
- Department of Nano Science and Technology,
Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajal Shrivastava
- Department of Radiology,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Han-Byeol Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering,
Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Nae-Eung Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering,
Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institute of Nano Technology,
Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology,
Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
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3
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Ramirez-Calderon G, Saleh A, Hidalgo Castillo TC, Druet V, Almarhoon B, Almulla L, Adamo A, Inal S. Enhancing the Maturation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes with an n-Type Organic Semiconductor Coating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38620064 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) are a promising cell source for cardiac regenerative medicine and in vitro modeling. However, hPSC-CMs exhibit immature structural and functional properties compared with adult cardiomyocytes. Various electrical, mechanical, and biochemical cues have been applied to enhance hPSC-CM maturation but with limited success. In this work, we investigated the potential application of the semiconducting polymer poly{[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD-T2)) as a light-sensitive material to stimulate hPSC-CMs optically. Our results indicated that P(NDI2OD-T2)-mediated photostimulation caused cell damage at irradiances applied long-term above 36 μW/mm2 and did not regulate cardiac monolayer beating (after maturation) at higher intensities applied in a transient fashion. However, we discovered that the cells grown on P(NDI2OD-T2)-coated substrates showed significantly enhanced expression of cardiomyocyte maturation markers in the absence of a light exposure stimulus. A combination of techniques, such as atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, which we applied to investigate the interface of the cell with the n-type coating, revealed that P(NDI2OD-T2) impacted the nanostructure, adsorption, and viscoelasticity of the Matrigel coating used as a cell adhesion promoter matrix. This modified cellular microenvironment promoted the expression of cardiomyocyte maturation markers related to contraction, calcium handling, metabolism, and conduction. Overall, our findings demonstrate that conjugated polymers such as P(NDI2OD-T2) can be used as passive coatings to direct stem cell fate through interfacial engineering of cell growth substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ramirez-Calderon
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Diseases, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah Saleh
- Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tania Cecilia Hidalgo Castillo
- Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Victor Druet
- Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bayan Almarhoon
- Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Latifah Almulla
- Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antonio Adamo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Diseases, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahika Inal
- Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Jia BZ, Qi Y, Wong-Campos JD, Megason SG, Cohen AE. A bioelectrical phase transition patterns the first vertebrate heartbeats. Nature 2023; 622:149-155. [PMID: 37758945 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A regular heartbeat is essential to vertebrate life. In the mature heart, this function is driven by an anatomically localized pacemaker. By contrast, pacemaking capability is broadly distributed in the early embryonic heart1-3, raising the question of how tissue-scale activity is first established and then maintained during embryonic development. The initial transition of the heart from silent to beating has never been characterized at the timescale of individual electrical events, and the structure in space and time of the early heartbeats remains poorly understood. Using all-optical electrophysiology, we captured the very first heartbeat of a zebrafish and analysed the development of cardiac excitability and conduction around this singular event. The first few beats appeared suddenly, had irregular interbeat intervals, propagated coherently across the primordial heart and emanated from loci that varied between animals and over time. The bioelectrical dynamics were well described by a noisy saddle-node on invariant circle bifurcation with action potential upstroke driven by CaV1.2. Our work shows how gradual and largely asynchronous development of single-cell bioelectrical properties produces a stereotyped and robust tissue-scale transition from quiescence to coordinated beating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill Z Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Systems, Synthetic and Quantitative Biology PhD Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yitong Qi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J David Wong-Campos
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sean G Megason
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Adam E Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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5
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English EJ, Samolyk BL, Gaudette GR, Pins GD. Micropatterned fibrin scaffolds increase cardiomyocyte alignment and contractility for the fabrication of engineered myocardial tissue. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1309-1321. [PMID: 36932841 PMCID: PMC11128133 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, which can result in blockage of a coronary artery, triggering a myocardial infarction (MI), scar tissue formation in the myocardium, and ultimately heart failure. Currently, the gold-standard solution for total heart failure is a heart transplantation. An alternative to total-organ transplantation is surgically remodeling the ventricle with the implantation of a cardiac patch. Acellular cardiac patches have previously been investigated using synthetic or decellularized native materials to improve cardiac function. However, a limitation of this strategy is that acellular cardiac patches only reshape the ventricle and do not increase cardiac contractile function. Toward the development of a cardiac patch, our laboratory previously developed a cell-populated composite fibrin scaffold and aligned microthreads to recapitulate the mechanical properties of native myocardium. In this study, we explore micropatterning the surfaces of fibrin gels to mimic anisotropic native tissue architecture and promote cellular alignment of human induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CM), which is crucial for increasing scaffold contractile properties. hiPS-CMs seeded on micropatterned surfaces exhibit cellular elongation, distinct sarcomere alignment, and circumferential connexin-43 staining at 14 days of culture, which are necessary for mature contractile properties. Constructs were also subject to electrical stimulation during culture to promote increased contractile properties. After 7 days of stimulation, contractile strains of micropatterned constructs were significantly higher than unpatterned controls. These results suggest that the use of micropatterned topographic cues on fibrin scaffolds may be a promising strategy for creating engineered cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. English
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Tessera Therapeutics, Somerville, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bryanna L. Samolyk
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Glenn R. Gaudette
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Engineering, Boston College, Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George D. Pins
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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El-Husseiny HM, Mady EA, El-Dakroury WA, Doghish AS, Tanaka R. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels: smart state of-the-art platforms for cardiac tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1174075. [PMID: 37449088 PMCID: PMC10337592 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1174075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomedicine and tissue regeneration have made significant advancements recently, positively affecting the whole healthcare spectrum. This opened the way for them to develop their applications for revitalizing damaged tissues. Thus, their functionality will be restored. Cardiac tissue engineering (CTE) using curative procedures that combine biomolecules, biomimetic scaffolds, and cells plays a critical part in this path. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels (SRHs) are excellent three-dimensional (3D) biomaterials for tissue engineering (TE) and various biomedical applications. They can mimic the intrinsic tissues' physicochemical, mechanical, and biological characteristics in a variety of ways. They also provide for 3D setup, adequate aqueous conditions, and the mechanical consistency required for cell development. Furthermore, they function as competent delivery platforms for various biomolecules. Many natural and synthetic polymers were used to fabricate these intelligent platforms with innovative enhanced features and specialized capabilities that are appropriate for CTE applications. In the present review, different strategies employed for CTE were outlined. The light was shed on the limitations of the use of conventional hydrogels in CTE. Moreover, diverse types of SRHs, their characteristics, assembly and exploitation for CTE were discussed. To summarize, recent development in the construction of SRHs increases their potential to operate as intelligent, sophisticated systems in the reconstruction of degenerated cardiac tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein M. El-Husseiny
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Eman A. Mady
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Walaa A. El-Dakroury
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Egypt
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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7
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Kannan S, Miyamoto M, Zhu R, Lynott M, Guo J, Chen EZ, Colas AR, Lin BL, Kwon C. Trajectory reconstruction identifies dysregulation of perinatal maturation programs in pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112330. [PMID: 37014753 PMCID: PMC10545814 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A limitation in the application of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) is the failure of these cells to achieve full functional maturity. The mechanisms by which directed differentiation differs from endogenous development, leading to consequent PSC-CM maturation arrest, remain unclear. Here, we generate a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) reference of mouse in vivo CM maturation with extensive sampling of previously difficult-to-isolate perinatal time periods. We subsequently generate isogenic embryonic stem cells to create an in vitro scRNA-seq reference of PSC-CM-directed differentiation. Through trajectory reconstruction, we identify an endogenous perinatal maturation program that is poorly recapitulated in vitro. By comparison with published human datasets, we identify a network of nine transcription factors (TFs) whose targets are consistently dysregulated in PSC-CMs across species. Notably, these TFs are only partially activated in common ex vivo approaches to engineer PSC-CM maturation. Our study can be leveraged toward improving the clinical viability of PSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Kannan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Miyamoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Renjun Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michaela Lynott
- Sanford Burham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jason Guo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elaine Zhelan Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexandre R Colas
- Sanford Burham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brian Leei Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chulan Kwon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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8
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Cheng S, Brenière-Letuffe D, Ahola V, Wong AO, Keung HY, Gurung B, Zheng Z, Costa KD, Lieu DK, Keung W, Li RA. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals maturation trajectory in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in engineered tissues. iScience 2023; 26:106302. [PMID: 36950112 PMCID: PMC10025988 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac in vitro models have become increasingly obtainable and affordable with the optimization of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hPSC-CM) differentiation. However, these CMs are immature compared to their in vivo counterparts. Here we study the cellular phenotype of hPSC-CMs by comparing their single-cell gene expression and functional profiles in three engineered cardiac tissue configurations: human ventricular (hv) cardiac anisotropic sheet, cardiac tissue strip, and cardiac organoid chamber (hvCOC), with spontaneously aggregated 3D cardiac spheroids (CS) as control. The CM maturity was found to increase with increasing levels of complexity of the engineered tissues from CS to hvCOC. The contractile components are the first function to mature, followed by electrophysiology and oxidative metabolism. Notably, the 2D tissue constructs show a higher cellular organization whereas metabolic maturity preferentially increases in the 3D constructs. We conclude that the tissue engineering models resembling configurations of native tissues may be reliable for drug screening or disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangli Cheng
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David Brenière-Letuffe
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Virpi Ahola
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Hoi Yee Keung
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bimal Gurung
- Novoheart, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zongli Zheng
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kevin D. Costa
- Novoheart, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Deborah K. Lieu
- Novoheart, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Cures and Stem Cell Program, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Wendy Keung
- Novoheart, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Dr. Li Dak Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ronald A. Li
- Novoheart, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Corresponding author
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9
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Gu B, Li X, Yao C, Qu X, Mao M, Li D, He J. Integration of microelectrodes and highly-aligned cardiac constructs for in situ electrophysiological recording. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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10
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Malihi G, Nikoui V, Elson EL. A review on qualifications and cost effectiveness of induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs)-induced cardiomyocytes in drug screening tests. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:131-142. [PMID: 32783745 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1802600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSCs) have initiated a higher degree of successes in disease modelling, preclinical evaluation of drug therapy and pharmaco-toxicological testing. Since the discovery of iPSCs in 2006, many advanced techniques have been introduced to differentiate iPSCs to cardiomyocytes, which have been progressively improved. The disease models from iPSC-induced cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) have been successfully helping to study a variety of cardiac diseases such as long QT syndrome, drug-induced long QT, different cardiomyopathies related to mutations in mitochondria or desmosomal proteins and other rare genetic diseases. IPSC-CMs have also been used to screen the role of chemicals in cardiovascular drug discovery and individualisation of drug dosages. In this review, the quality of current procedures for characterisation and maturation of iPSC-CM lines will be discussed. Also, we will focus on time efficiency and cost of standard differentiation methods after reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahid Nikoui
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elliot L Elson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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11
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Ahmed RE, Tokuyama T, Anzai T, Chanthra N, Uosaki H. Sarcomere maturation: function acquisition, molecular mechanism, and interplay with other organelles. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210325. [PMID: 36189811 PMCID: PMC9527934 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During postnatal cardiac development, cardiomyocytes mature and turn into adult ones. Hence, all cellular properties, including morphology, structure, physiology and metabolism, are changed. One of the most important aspects is the contractile apparatus, of which the minimum unit is known as a sarcomere. Sarcomere maturation is evident by enhanced sarcomere alignment, ultrastructural organization and myofibrillar isoform switching. Any maturation process failure may result in cardiomyopathy. Sarcomere function is intricately related to other organelles, and the growing evidence suggests reciprocal regulation of sarcomere and mitochondria on their maturation. Herein, we summarize the molecular mechanism that regulates sarcomere maturation and the interplay between sarcomere and other organelles in cardiomyocyte maturation. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The cardiomyocyte: new revelations on the interplay between architecture and function in growth, health, and disease’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan E Ahmed
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokuyama
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Anzai
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Nawin Chanthra
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hideki Uosaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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12
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Zhang M, Xu Y, Chen Y, Yan Q, Li X, Ding L, Wei T, Zeng D. Three-Dimensional Poly-(ε-Caprolactone) Nanofibrous Scaffolds Promote the Maturation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells-Induced Cardiomyocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:875278. [PMID: 35979378 PMCID: PMC9377449 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.875278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) have been proved to be a new platform for heart regeneration, the lack of maturity significantly hinders the clinic application. Recent researches indicate that the function of stem cell is associated with the nanoscale geometry/topography of the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, the effects of 3D nanofibrous scaffolds in maturation of iPSC-CMs still remain unclear. Thus, we explored the effects of restructuring iPSC-CMs in 3D nano-scaffolds on cell morphology, cardiac-specific structural protein, gap junction and calcium transient kinetics. Using the electrospinning technology, poly-(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibrous scaffold were constructed and iPSC-CMs were seeded into these forms. As expected, strong sarcolemmal remodeling processes and myofilament reorientation were observed in 3D nano-scaffolds culture, as well as more expression of cardiac mature proteins, such as β-MHC and MLC2v. The mature morphology of 3D-shaped iPSC-CMs leaded to enhanced calcium transient kinetics, with increased calcium peak transient amplitude and the maximum upstroke velocity (Vmax). The results revealed that the maturation of iPSC-CMs was enhanced by the electrospun 3D PCL nanofibrous scaffolds treatment. These findings also proposed a feasible strategy to improve the myocardium bioengineering by combining stem cells with scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuerong Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, 971th Hospital, Chinese People’s Liberation Army Navy, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinru Yan
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Xi ‘an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Di Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Di Zeng,
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13
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Fermini B, Bell DC. On the perspective of an aging population and its potential impact on drug attrition and pre-clinical cardiovascular safety assessment. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2022; 117:107184. [PMID: 35618160 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2022.107184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is no refuting that America's population is growing older: for the first time in US history, by 2034 older adults (defined as >65 years of age) are projected to outnumber children under the age of 18, representing approximately 70 million people or almost 25% of the population (Lloyd-Jones et al., 2010). Described as the "silver tsunami", this flood of older adults is driven by the baby boomers (people born after World War II, from 1946 to 1964): they are now reaching old age, living longer due to significant advances in healthcare coupled with a record low birth rate, resulting in a skewed elderly population demographic. Unfortunately, older adults are also becoming increasingly unhealthy. Many often suffer from several chronic disorders requiring the use of multiple medications at a level higher than any other age group, resulting in an increased risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Indeed, because of age-related changes in pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD), older adults are also more vulnerable to drug toxicity. Prescribed drugs certainly improve a range of health outcomes, but also often cause considerable ADRs, leading to devastating consequences for patients, clinicians, and manufacturers. Therefore, safe and effective pharmacotherapy remains one of the greatest growing challenges in geriatric medicine. In this review we examine the effects of aging and its impact on the increased risk of experiencing ADRs, resulting in devastating consequences for patients and manufacturers. We assess the current regulatory considerations related to the development of drugs for this population and highlight issues, concerns, and propose alternatives to the standard battery of tests focused on assessing cardiovascular (CV) safety in an attempt to develop safer and efficient new drugs for the growing elderly demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damian C Bell
- Sophion Bioscience A/S, Ballerup, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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14
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Hair-follicle-associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells differentiate into mature beating cardiomyocyte sheets on flexible substrates in vitro. Med Mol Morphol 2022; 55:248-257. [PMID: 35536435 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-022-00322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes have been differentiated from various stem cells such as human embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), but it is difficult to produce mature cardiomyocytes. We showed rat hair-follicle-associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells have pluripotency and produced mature beating cardiomyocyte sheets differentiated from rat HAP stem cells. The upper parts of rat vibrissa hair follicles were cultured in 10% FBS DMEM and stained with antibodies of the ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm system to show the differentiation of multiple cell types. Moreover, HAP stem cells were cultured under three different conditions to decide the most suitable culture conditions for making beating cardiomyocyte sheets. The beating cardiomyocyte sheets were shown to be mature by staining sarcomere structures. Isoproterenol alone and the combination of isoproterenol, activin A, bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) effectively induced beating long-fiber cardiomyocytes, which formed beating sheets, only in the presence of all four agents. Flexible substrates were essential for the differentiation of sheets of mature beating cardiomyocytes for HAP stem cells. The features of the cardiomyocytes differentiated from HAP stem cells demonstrate they have clinical potential for heart regeneration.
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15
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Rashid SA, Blanchard AT, Combs JD, Fernandez N, Dong Y, Cho HC, Salaita K. DNA Tension Probes Show that Cardiomyocyte Maturation Is Sensitive to the Piconewton Traction Forces Transmitted by Integrins. ACS NANO 2022; 16:5335-5348. [PMID: 35324164 PMCID: PMC11238821 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac muscle cells (CMCs) are the unit cells that comprise the heart. CMCs go through different stages of differentiation and maturation pathways to fully mature into beating cells. These cells can sense and respond to mechanical cues through receptors such as integrins which influence maturation pathways. For example, cell traction forces are important for the differentiation and development of functional CMCs, as CMCs cultured on varying substrate stiffness function differently. Most work in this area has focused on understanding the role of bulk extracellular matrix stiffness in mediating the functional fate of CMCs. Given that stiffness sensing mechanisms are mediated by individual integrin receptors, an important question in this area pertains to the specific magnitude of integrin piconewton (pN) forces that can trigger CMC functional maturation. To address this knowledge gap, we used DNA adhesion tethers that rupture at specific thresholds of force (∼12, ∼56, and ∼160 pN) to test whether capping peak integrin tension to specific magnitudes affects CMC function. We show that adhesion tethers with greater force tolerance lead to functionally mature CMCs as determined by morphology, twitching frequency, transient calcium flux measurements, and protein expression (F-actin, vinculin, α-actinin, YAP, and SERCA2a). Additionally, sarcomeric actinin alignment and multinucleation were significantly enhanced as the mechanical tolerance of integrin tethers was increased. Taken together, the results show that CMCs harness defined pN integrin forces to influence early stage development. This study represents an important step toward biophysical characterization of the contribution of pN forces in early stage cardiac differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Aysha Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Aaron T Blanchard
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - J Dale Combs
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Natasha Fernandez
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yixiao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Hee Cheol Cho
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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16
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Kawai Y, Tohyama S, Arai K, Tamura T, Soma Y, Fukuda K, Shimizu H, Nakayama K, Kobayashi E. Scaffold-Free Tubular Engineered Heart Tissue From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Bio-3D Printing Technology in vivo. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:806215. [PMID: 35127867 PMCID: PMC8811174 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.806215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered heart tissues (EHTs) that are fabricated using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been considered as potential cardiac tissue substitutes in case of heart failure. In the present study, we have created hiPSC-derived cardiac organoids (hiPSC-COs) comprised of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and human fibroblasts. To produce a beating conduit for patients suffering from congenital heart diseases, we constructed scaffold-free tubular EHTs (T-EHTs) using hiPSC-COs and bio-3D printing with needle arrays. The bio-3D printed T-EHTs were cut open and transplanted around the abdominal aorta as well as the inferior vena cava (IVC) of NOG mice. The transplanted T-EHTs were covered with the omentum, and the abdomen was closed after completion of the procedure. Additionally, to compare the functionality of hiPSC-COs with that of T-EHTs, we transplanted the former around the aorta and IVC as well as injecting them into the subcutaneous tissue on the back of the mice. After 1 m of the transplantation procedures, we observed the beating of the T-EHTs in the mice. In histological analysis, the T-EHTs showed clear striation of the myocardium and vascularization compared to hiPSC-COs transplanted around the aorta or in subcutaneous tissue. Based on these results, bio-3D-printed T-EHTs exhibited a better maturation in vivo as compared to the hiPSC-COs. Therefore, these beating T-EHTs may form conduits for congenital heart disease patients, and T-EHT transplantation can form a treatment option in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Kawai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shugo Tohyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shugo Tohyama
| | - Kenichi Arai
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Tadashi Tamura
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yusuke Soma
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakayama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Koichi Nakayama
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Department of Organ Fabrication, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Kidney Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Regenerating Damaged Myocardium: A Review of Stem-Cell Therapies for Heart Failure. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113125. [PMID: 34831347 PMCID: PMC8625160 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the contributing factors to more than one-third of human mortality and the leading cause of death worldwide. The death of cardiac myocyte is a fundamental pathological process in cardiac pathologies caused by various heart diseases, including myocardial infarction. Thus, strategies for replacing fibrotic tissue in the infarcted region with functional myocardium have long been a goal of cardiovascular research. This review begins by briefly discussing a variety of somatic stem- and progenitor-cell populations that were frequently studied in early investigations of regenerative myocardial therapy and then focuses primarily on pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), especially induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which have emerged as perhaps the most promising source of cardiomyocytes for both therapeutic applications and drug testing. We also describe attempts to generate cardiomyocytes directly from cardiac fibroblasts (i.e., transdifferentiation), which, if successful, may enable the pool of endogenous cardiac fibroblasts to be used as an in-situ source of cardiomyocytes for myocardial repair.
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18
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Photobiomodulation therapy preconditioning modifies nitric oxide pathway and oxidative stress in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived ventricular cardiomyocytes treated with doxorubicin. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:1667-1675. [PMID: 34536182 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic that exhibits high heart toxicity. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived ventricular cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-vCMs) are important in vitro models for testing drug cardiotoxicity. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is a non-invasive therapy that stimulates cells growth and self-repair using light irradiation. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro effects of PBMT preconditioning on cardiotoxicity induced by DOX. HiPSC-vCMs were treated with PBMT for 500 s, followed by the addition of 2 μM DOX. LED irradiation preconditioning parameters were at 660 nm with an irradiance of 10 mW/cm2, performing 5 J/cm2, followed by 24-h DOX exposure (2 μM). Human iPSC-vCMs treated with 2 μM DOX or irradiated with PBMT composed the second and third groups, respectively. The control group did neither receive PBMT preconditioning nor DOX and was irradiated with a white standard lamp. Cells from all groups were collected to perform mRNA and miRNA expressions quantification. PBMT, when applied before the DOX challenge, restored the viability of hiPSC-vCMs and reduced ROS levels. Although downregulated by DOX, myocardial UCP2 mRNA expression presented marked upregulation after PBMT preconditioning. Expression of eNOS and UCP2 mRNA and NO production were decreased after DOX exposure, and PBMT preconditioning before the DOX challenge reversed these changes. Moreover, our data indicated that PBMT preconditioning lowered the miR-24 expression. Our data suggested that PBMT preconditioning ameliorated in vitro DOX-induced cardiotoxicity on transcription level, restoring NO levels and reducing oxidative stress.
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19
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Körner A, Mosqueira M, Hecker M, Ullrich ND. Substrate Stiffness Influences Structural and Functional Remodeling in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:710619. [PMID: 34489730 PMCID: PMC8416903 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.710619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel treatment strategies for cardiac tissue regeneration are heading for the use of engineered cardiac tissue made from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). Despite the proven cardiogenic phenotype of these cells, a significant lack of structural and functional properties of mature myocytes prevents safe integration into the diseased heart. To date, maturation processes of cardiomyocytes remain largely unknown but may comprise biophysical cues from the immediate cell environment. Mechanosensing is one critical ability of cells to react to environmental changes. Accordingly, the surrounding substrate stiffness, comprised of extracellular matrix (ECM), cells, and growth surface, critically influences the myocyte's physiology, as known from deleterious remodeling processes in fibrotic hearts. Conversely, the mechanical properties during culture of iPSC-CMs may impact on their structural and functional maturation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the environmental stiffness influences structural and functional properties of iPSC-CMs and investigated the effect of different substrate stiffnesses on cell contractility, excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, and intercellular coupling. Culture surfaces with defined stiffnesses ranging from rigid glass with 25GPa to PDMS of physiological softness were coated with ECM proteins and seeded with murine iPSC-CMs. Using confocal imaging, cardiac protein expression was assessed. Ca2+ handling and contractile properties were analyzed on different substrate stiffnesses. Intercellular coupling via gap junctions was investigated by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Our data revealed greater organization of L-type Ca2+ channels and ryanodine receptors and increased EC-coupling gain, demonstrating structural and functional maturation in cells grown on soft surfaces. In addition, increased shortening and altered contraction dynamics revealed increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in phase-plane loops. Moreover, connexin 43 expression was significantly increased in iPSC-CMs grown on soft surfaces leading to improved intercellular coupling. Taken together, our results demonstrate that soft surfaces with stiffnesses in the physiological range improve the expression pattern and interaction of cardiac proteins relevant for EC-coupling. In parallel, soft substrates influence contractile properties and improve intercellular coupling in iPSC-CMs. We conclude that the mechanical stiffness of the cell environment plays an important role in driving iPSC-CMs toward further maturation by inducing adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene Körner
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matias Mosqueira
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina D Ullrich
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Kannan S, Farid M, Lin BL, Miyamoto M, Kwon C. Transcriptomic entropy benchmarks stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte maturation against endogenous tissue at single cell level. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009305. [PMID: 34534204 PMCID: PMC8448341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immaturity of pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived tissues has emerged as a universal problem for their biomedical applications. While efforts have been made to generate adult-like cells from PSCs, direct benchmarking of PSC-derived tissues against in vivo development has not been established. Thus, maturation status is often assessed on an ad-hoc basis. Single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) offers a promising solution, though cross-study comparison is limited by dataset-specific batch effects. Here, we developed a novel approach to quantify PSC-derived cardiomyocyte (CM) maturation through transcriptomic entropy. Transcriptomic entropy is robust across datasets regardless of differences in isolation protocols, library preparation, and other potential batch effects. With this new model, we analyzed over 45 scRNA-seq datasets and over 52,000 CMs, and established a cross-study, cross-species CM maturation reference. This reference enabled us to directly compare PSC-CMs with the in vivo developmental trajectory and thereby to quantify PSC-CM maturation status. We further found that our entropy-based approach can be used for other cell types, including pancreatic beta cells and hepatocytes. Our study presents a biologically relevant and interpretable metric for quantifying PSC-derived tissue maturation, and is extensible to numerous tissue engineering contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Kannan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael Farid
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian L. Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matthew Miyamoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chulan Kwon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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21
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Beliën H, Evens L, Hendrikx M, Bito V, Bronckaers A. Combining stem cells in myocardial infarction: The road to superior repair? Med Res Rev 2021; 42:343-373. [PMID: 34114238 DOI: 10.1002/med.21839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction irreversibly destroys millions of cardiomyocytes in the ventricle, making it the leading cause of heart failure worldwide. Over the past two decades, many progenitor and stem cell types were proposed as the ideal candidate to regenerate the heart after injury. The potential of stem cell therapy has been investigated thoroughly in animal and human studies, aiming at cardiac repair by true tissue replacement, by immune modulation, or by the secretion of paracrine factors that stimulate endogenous repair processes. Despite some successful results in animal models, the outcome from clinical trials remains overall disappointing, largely due to the limited stem cell survival and retention after transplantation. Extensive interest was developed regarding the combinational use of stem cells and various priming strategies to improve the efficacy of regenerative cell therapy. In this review, we provide a critical discussion of the different stem cell types investigated in preclinical and clinical studies in the field of cardiac repair. Moreover, we give an update on the potential of stem cell combinations as well as preconditioning and explore the future promises of these novel regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Beliën
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lize Evens
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marc Hendrikx
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Virginie Bito
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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22
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Effect of Photoinitiator on Precursory Stability and Curing Depth of Thiol-Ene Clickable Gelatin. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111877. [PMID: 34198796 PMCID: PMC8201352 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances highlight the potential of photopolymerizable allylated gelatin (GelAGE) as a versatile hydrogel with highly tailorable properties. It is, however, unknown how different photoinitiating system affects the stability, gelation kinetics and curing depth of GelAGE. In this study, sol fraction, mass swelling ratio, mechanical properties, rheological properties, and curing depth were evaluated as a function of time with three photo-initiating systems: Irgacure 2959 (Ig2959; 320–500 nm), lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP; 320–500 nm), and ruthenium/sodium persulfate (Ru/SPS; 400–500 nm). Results demonstrated that GelAGE precursory solutions mixed with either Ig2959 or LAP remained stable over time while the Ru/SPS system enabled the onset of controllable redox polymerization without irradiation during pre-incubation. Photo-polymerization using the Ru/SPS system was significantly faster (<5 s) compared to both Ig2959 (70 s) and LAP (50 s). Plus, The Ru/SPS system was capable of polymerizing a thick construct (8.88 ± 0.94 mm), while Ig2959 (1.62 ± 0.49 mm) initiated hydrogels displayed poor penetration depth with LAP (7.38 ± 2.13 mm) in between. These results thus support the use of the visible light based Ru/SPS photo-initiator for constructs requiring rapid gelation and a good curing depth while Ig2959 or LAP can be applied for photo-polymerization of GelAGE materials requiring long-term incubation prior to application if UV is not a concern.
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23
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Bell DC, Fermini B. Use of automated patch clamp in cardiac safety assessment: past, present and future perspectives. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2021; 110:107072. [PMID: 33962018 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2021.107072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is no doubt that automated patch clamp (APC) technology has revolutionized research in biomedical science. High throughput ion channel screening is now an integral part of the development and safety profiling of the majority of new chemical entities currently developed to address unmet medical needs. The increased throughput it provides has significantly improved the ability to overcome the time-consuming, low throughput bottlenecks resulting from the more conventional manual patch clamp method, considered the 'gold standard', for studying ion channel function and pharmacology. While systems offering the luxury of automation have only been commercially available for two decades, the road leading to this new technology is long and rich in seminal, hands-on, studies dating back as far as the 18th century. So where does this technology currently stand, and what will it look like in the future? In the current article, we review the scientific history leading to the development of APC systems, examine key drivers in the rapid development of this technology (such as failed ion channel programmes and the issue of drug-induced hERG inhibition and QT interval prolongation), highlight key capabilities and finally provide some perspective on the current and future impact of the technology on cardiac safety assessment and biomedical science.
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24
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Circulating high-sensitivity troponin T and microRNAs as markers of myocardial damage during childhood leukaemia treatment. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1245-1252. [PMID: 32634817 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-1049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether plasma high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and circulating heart-associated microRNA (miRs) are increased in children with leukaemias during anthracycline-based chemotherapeutic treatment. METHODS In vitro human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocyte model showed that miR-1, miR-133a, miR-208a, miR-208b, and miR-499 are released from cells into culture medium in a time- and dose-dependent manner on doxorubicin exposure. Left ventricular (LV) myocardial deformation and circulating heart-associated miRs and plasma hs-cTnT during and after completion of chemotherapy were determined in 40 children with newly diagnosed acute leukaemia. RESULTS Significant reduction of LV global longitudinal strain and strain rates were found within 1 week after completion of anthracycline therapy in the induction phase of treatment (all p < 0.05). Hs-cTnT level peaked and miR-1 increased significantly at this time point. Log-transformed hs-cTnT correlated negatively with LV global systolic longitudinal strain (r = -0.38, p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that area under the curve for changes in plasma hs-cTnT from baseline and plasma miR-1 levels in detecting a reduction in ≥20% of global longitudinal strain were respectively 0.62 (95% CI 0.38-0.87) and 0.62 (95% CI 0.40-0.84). CONCLUSION Plasma hs-cTnT and circulating miR-1 may be useful markers of myocardial damage during chemotherapy in children with leukaemias. IMPACT Heart-associated miRNAs including miR-1, miR-133a, miR-208a, miR-208b,and miR-499 were increased in the culture medium upon exposure of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes to doxorubicin. Only miR-1 increased significantly during anthracycline-based therapy in paediatric leukaemic patients. In paediatric leukaemic patients, plasma hs-cTnT and circulating level of miR-1 showed the most significant increase within 1 week after completion of anthracycline therapy in the induction treatment phase. The study provides the first evidence of progressive increase in circulating miR-1 and plasma hs-cTnT levels during the course of anthracycline-based therapy in children with leukaemias, with hs-cTnT level also associated with changes in LV myocardial deformation.
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Yang L, Gong Y, Tan Y, Wu L, Witman N, Zheng J, Zhang J, Fu W, Wang W. Dexmedetomidine exhibits antiarrhythmic effects on human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes through a Na/Ca channel-mediated mechanism. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:399. [PMID: 33842620 PMCID: PMC8033317 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Ventricular-like human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) exhibit the electrophysiological characteristics of spontaneous beating. Previous studies demonstrated that dexmedetomidine (DMED), a highly selective and widely used α2-adrenoceptor agonist for sedation, analgesia, and stress management, may induce antiarrhythmic effects, especially ventricular tachycardia. However, the underlying mechanisms of the DMED-mediated antiarrhythmic effects remain to be fully elucidated. Methods A conventional patch-clamp recording method was used to investigate the direct effects of DMED on spontaneous action potentials, pacemaker currents (If), potassium (K+) channel currents (IK1 and IKr), sodium (Na+) channel currents (INa), and calcium (Ca2+) channel currents (ICa) in ventricular-like hiPSC-CMs. Results DMED dose-dependently altered the frequency of ventricular-like spontaneous action potentials with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 27.9 µM (n=6) and significantly prolonged the action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD90). DMED also inhibited the amplitudes of the INa and ICa without affecting the activation and inactivation curves of these channels. DMED decreased the time constant of the Na+ and Ca2+ channel activation at potential –40 to –20 mv, and –20 mv. DMED increased the time constant of inactivation of the Na+ and Ca2+ channels. However, DMED did not affect the IK1, IKr, If, and their current-voltage relationship. The ability of DMED to decrease the spontaneous action potential frequency and the Na+ and Ca2+ channel amplitudes, were not blocked by yohimbine, idazoxan, or phentolamine. Conclusions DMED could inhibit the frequency of spontaneous action potentials and decrease the INa and ICa of hiPSC-CMs via mechanisms that were independent of the α2-adrenoceptor, the imidazoline receptor, and the α1-adrenoceptor. These inhibitory effects on hiPSC-CMs may contribute to the antiarrhythmic effects of DMED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqi Gong
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center; School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Tan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center; School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center; School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nevin Witman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jijian Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center; School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center; School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center; School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Clinical Application of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Organoids as an Alternative to Organ Transplantation. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6632160. [PMID: 33679987 PMCID: PMC7929656 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6632160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation is essential and crucial for individuals suffering from end-stage organ failure diseases. However, there are still many challenges regarding these procedures, such as high rates of organ rejection, shortage of organ donors, and long waiting lines. Thus, investments and efforts to develop laboratory-grown organs have increased over the past years, and with the recent progress in regenerative medicine, growing organs in vitro might be a reality within the next decades. One of the many different strategies to address this issue relies on organoid technology, a miniaturized and simplified version of an organ. Here, we address recent progress on organoid research, focusing on transplantation of intestine, retina, kidney, liver, pancreas, brain, lung, and heart organoids. Also, we discuss the main outcomes after organoid transplantation, common challenges faced by these promising regenerative medicine approaches, and future perspectives on the field.
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27
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Hendrickson T, Mancino C, Whitney L, Tsao C, Rahimi M, Taraballi F. Mimicking cardiac tissue complexity through physical cues: A review on cardiac tissue engineering approaches. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 33:102367. [PMID: 33549819 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the number one killer in the world.1,2 Currently, there are no clinical treatments to regenerate damaged cardiac tissue, leaving patients to develop further life-threatening cardiac complications. Cardiac tissue has multiple functional demands including vascularization, contraction, and conduction that require many synergic components to properly work. Most of these functions are a direct result of the cardiac tissue structure and composition, and, for this reason, tissue engineering strongly proposed to develop substitute engineered heart tissues (EHTs). EHTs usually have combined pluripotent stem cells and supporting scaffolds with the final aim to repair or replace the damaged native tissue. However, as simple as this idea is, indeed, it resulted, after many attempts in the field, to be very challenging. Without design complexity, EHTs remain unable to mature fully and integrate into surrounding heart tissue resulting in minimal in vivo effects.3 Lately, there has been a growing body of evidence that a complex, multifunctional approach through implementing scaffold designs, cellularization, and molecular release appears to be essential in the development of a functional cardiac EHTs.4-6 This review covers the advancements in EHTs developments focusing on how to integrate contraction, conduction, and vascularization mimics and how combinations have resulted in improved designs thus warranting further investigation to develop a clinically applicable treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Hendrickson
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Texas A&M MD/PhD Program, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Chiara Mancino
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, (MI), Italy
| | - Lauren Whitney
- Texas A&M Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Chris Tsao
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maham Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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28
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Dou W, Wang L, Malhi M, Liu H, Zhao Q, Plakhotnik J, Xu Z, Huang Z, Simmons CA, Maynes JT, Sun Y. A microdevice platform for characterizing the effect of mechanical strain magnitudes on the maturation of iPSC-Cardiomyocytes. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 175:112875. [PMID: 33303322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) as an in vitro model of the heart is limited by their structurally and functionally immature phenotypes. During heart development, mechanical stimuli from in vivo microenvironments are known to regulate cardiomyocyte gene expression and maturation. Accordingly, protocols for culturing iPSC-CMs have recently incorporated mechanical or electromechanical stimulation to induce cellular maturation in vitro; however, the response of iPSC-CMs to different mechanical strain magnitudes is unknown, and existing techniques lack the capability to dynamically measure changes to iPSC-CM contractility in situ as maturation progresses. We developed a microdevice platform which applies cyclical strains of varying magnitudes (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) to a monolayer of iPSC-CMs, coincidentally measuring contractile stress during mechanical stimulation using fluorescent nanobeads embedded in the microdevice's suspended membrane. Cyclic strain was found to induce circumferential cell alignment on the actuated membranes. In situ contractility measurements revealed that cyclic stimulation gradually increased cardiomyocyte contractility during a 10-day culture period. The contractile stress of iPSC-CM monolayers was found to increase with a higher strain magnitude and plateaued at 15% strain. Cardiomyocyte contractility positively correlated with the elongation of sarcomeres and an increased expression of β-myosin heavy chain (MYH7) in a strain magnitude-dependent manner, illustrating how mechanical stress can be optimized for the phenotypic and proteomic maturation of the cells. iPSC-CMs with improved maturity have the potential to create a more accurate heart model in vitro for applications in disease modeling and therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkun Dou
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada; School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Manpreet Malhi
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Haijiao Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Qili Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Julia Plakhotnik
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zhensong Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Zongjie Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, M5S 3G9, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada.
| | - Jason T Maynes
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, M5S 3G4, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, M5T 3A1, Canada.
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29
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Hernández D, Millard R, Kong AM, Burns O, Sivakumaran P, Shepherd RK, Dusting GJ, Lim SY. A Tissue Engineering Chamber for Continuous Pulsatile Electrical Stimulation of Vascularized Cardiac Tissues In Vivo. Bioelectricity 2020; 2:391-398. [PMID: 34476368 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2020.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells are immature. Maturation of cardiomyocytes is a multifactorial dynamic process that involves various factors in vivo that cannot be fully recapitulated in vitro. Here, we report a novel tissue engineering chamber with an integrated electrical stimulator and electrodes that will allow wireless electrical stimulation of cardiac tissue in vivo. Materials and Methods: Immunocompromised rats were implanted with tissue engineering chambers containing the stimulator and electrodes, and control chambers (chambers with electrical stimulator but without the electrodes) in the contralateral limb. Each chamber contained cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). After 7 days of chamber implantation, the electrical stimulators were activated for 4 h per day, for 21 consecutive days. Results: At 4 weeks postimplantation, cardiomyocytes derived from human iPSCs survived, were assembled into compact cardiac tissue, and were perfused and vascularized by the host neovessels. Conclusion: This proof-of-principle study demonstrates the biocompatibility of the tissue engineering chamber with integrated electrical stimulator and electrodes. This could be utilized to study the influence of continuous electrical stimulation on vascularized cardiac or other tissues in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Hernández
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rodney Millard
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Australia.,Medical Bionics Department, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anne M Kong
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Owen Burns
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Robert K Shepherd
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Australia.,Medical Bionics Department, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gregory J Dusting
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Shiang Y Lim
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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30
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A Concise Review on Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes for Personalized Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:748-776. [PMID: 33098306 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are derived from somatic cells by using reprogramming factors such as Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) or Oct4, Sox2, Nanog and Lin28 (OSNL). They resemble embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and have the ability to differentiate into cell lineage of all three germ-layer, including cardiomyocytes (CMs). The CMs can be generated from iPSCs by inducing embryoid bodies (EBs) formation and treatment with activin A, bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4), and inhibitors of Wnt signaling. However, these iPSC-derived CMs are a heterogeneous population of cells and require purification and maturation to mimic the in vivo CMs. The matured CMs can be used for various therapeutic purposes in regenerative medicine by cardiomyoplasty or through the development of tissue-engineered cardiac patches. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the isolation of iPSC and their differentiation, purification, and maturation into clinically usable CMs. Newer small molecules have also been identified to substitute the reprogramming factors for iPSC generation as well as for direct differentiation of somatic cells into CMs without an intermediary pluripotent state. This review provides a concise update on the generation of iPSC-derived CMs and their application in personalized cardiac regenerative medicine. It also discusses the current limitations and challenges in the application of iPSC-derived CMs. Graphical abstract.
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31
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Gong Y, Chen Z, Yang L, Ai X, Yan B, Wang H, Qiu L, Tan Y, Witman N, Wang W, Zhao Y, Fu W. Intrinsic Color Sensing System Allows for Real-Time Observable Functional Changes on Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8232-8246. [PMID: 32609489 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stem-cell based in vitro differentiation for disease modeling offers great value to explore the molecular and functional underpinnings driving many types of cardiomyopathy and congenital heart diseases. Nevertheless, one major caveat in the application of in vitro differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) involves the immature phenotype of the CMs. Most of the existing methods need complex apparatus and require laborious procedures in order to monitor the cardiac differentiation/maturation process and often result in cell death. Here we developed an intrinsic color sensing system utilizing a microgroove structural color methacrylated gelatin film, which allows us to monitor the cardiac differentiation process of hiPSC-derived cardiac progenitor cells in real time. Subsequently this system can be employed as an assay system to live monitor induced functional changes on hiPSC-CMs stemming from drug treatment, the effects of which are simply revealed through color diversity. Our research shows that early intervention of cardiac differentiation through simple physical cues can enhance cardiac differentiation and maturation to some extent. Our system also simplifies the previous complex experimental processes for evaluating the physiological effects of successful differentiation and drug treatment and lays a solid foundation for future transformational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Gong
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhuoyue Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuefeng Ai
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Bingqian Yan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Huijing Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Liya Qiu
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Yao Tan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Nevin Witman
- Department of Medicine and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
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32
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Massai D, Pisani G, Isu G, Rodriguez Ruiz A, Cerino G, Galluzzi R, Pisanu A, Tonoli A, Bignardi C, Audenino AL, Marsano A, Morbiducci U. Bioreactor Platform for Biomimetic Culture and in situ Monitoring of the Mechanical Response of in vitro Engineered Models of Cardiac Tissue. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:733. [PMID: 32766218 PMCID: PMC7381147 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, relevant advances have been made in the generation of engineered cardiac constructs to be used as functional in vitro models for cardiac research or drug testing, and with the ultimate but still challenging goal of repairing the damaged myocardium. To support cardiac tissue generation and maturation in vitro, the application of biomimetic physical stimuli within dedicated bioreactors is crucial. In particular, cardiac-like mechanical stimulation has been demonstrated to promote development and maturation of cardiac tissue models. Here, we developed an automated bioreactor platform for tunable cyclic stretch and in situ monitoring of the mechanical response of in vitro engineered cardiac tissues. To demonstrate the bioreactor platform performance and to investigate the effects of cyclic stretch on construct maturation and contractility, we developed 3D annular cardiac tissue models based on neonatal rat cardiac cells embedded in fibrin hydrogel. The constructs were statically pre-cultured for 5 days and then exposed to 4 days of uniaxial cyclic stretch (sinusoidal waveform, 10% strain, 1 Hz) within the bioreactor. Explanatory biological tests showed that cyclic stretch promoted cardiomyocyte alignment, maintenance, and maturation, with enhanced expression of typical mature cardiac markers compared to static controls. Moreover, in situ monitoring showed increasing passive force of the constructs along the dynamic culture. Finally, only the stretched constructs were responsive to external electrical pacing with synchronous and regular contractile activity, further confirming that cyclic stretching was instrumental for their functional maturation. This study shows that the proposed bioreactor platform is a reliable device for cyclic stretch culture and in situ monitoring of the passive mechanical response of the cultured constructs. The innovative feature of acquiring passive force measurements in situ and along the culture allows monitoring the construct maturation trend without interrupting the culture, making the proposed device a powerful tool for in vitro investigation and ultimately production of functional engineered cardiac constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Massai
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pisani
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Isu
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andres Rodriguez Ruiz
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Cerino
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Renato Galluzzi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia Pisanu
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Tonoli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Bignardi
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto L Audenino
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Marsano
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Umberto Morbiducci
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
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33
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Slotvitsky MM, Tsvelaya VA, Podgurskaya AD, Agladze KI. Formation of an electrical coupling between differentiating cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7774. [PMID: 32385315 PMCID: PMC7210299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) serve as an indispensable platform for the study of human cardiovascular disease is human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). While the possibility of reproducing rare pathologies, patient-specific selection of drugs, and other issues concerning single cardiomyocytes have been well studied, little attention has been paid to the properties of the whole syncytium of CMs, in which both the functionality of individual cells and the distribution of electrophysiological connections between them are essential. The aim of this work is to directly study the ability of hiPSC-CMs to form a functional syncytium that can stably conduct an excitation wave. For that purpose, syncytium forming hiPSC-CMs were harvested and seeded (transferred) on a new substrate on different days of differentiation. The excitation conduction in a sample was characterized by the stability of the wavefront using optical mapping data. We found that the cells transferred before the 20th day of differentiation were able to organize a functional syncytium capable of further development and stable excitation conduction at high stimulation frequencies, while the cells transferred after 20 days did not form a homogeneous syncytium, and multiple instabilities of the propagating wavefront were observed with the possibility of reentry formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Slotvitsky
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russian Federation
| | - V A Tsvelaya
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russian Federation
| | - A D Podgurskaya
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russian Federation
| | - K I Agladze
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russian Federation. .,M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Clinical Research Institute, Moscow, 129110, Russian Federation.
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Ulmer BM, Eschenhagen T. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for studying energy metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118471. [PMID: 30954570 PMCID: PMC7042711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte energy metabolism is altered in heart failure, and primary defects of metabolic pathways can cause heart failure. Studying cardiac energetics in rodent models has principal shortcomings, raising the question to which extent human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) can provide an alternative. As metabolic maturation of CM occurs mostly after birth during developmental hypertrophy, the immaturity of hiPSC-CM is an important limitation. Here we shortly review the physiological drivers of metabolic maturation and concentrate on methods to mature hiPSC-CM with the goal to benchmark the metabolic state of hiPSC-CM against in vivo data and to see how far known abnormalities in inherited metabolic disorders can be modeled in hiPSC-CM. The current data indicate that hiPSC-CM, despite their immature, approximately mid-fetal state of energy metabolism, faithfully recapitulate some basic metabolic disease mechanisms. Efforts to improve their metabolic maturity are underway and shall improve the validity of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bärbel M Ulmer
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Heart Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Heart Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
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Ke M, Ji M, Wang H, Yao Y, Wu Y, Qi N. Inhibition of Rho-associated protein kinase improves the survival of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes after dissociation. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:1701-1710. [PMID: 32104223 PMCID: PMC7027158 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the ability to differentiate into cardiomyocytes (CMs), rendering this cell type to be a promising pre-cursor of cardiomyocytes for cell-based cardiac regeneration. Obtaining CMs with a high yield and purity coupled with improved subsequent survival could prove to be invaluable for the future cell replacement therapeutic strategies. Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) is involved in a wide range of fundamental cellular functions and serves significant roles in cardiac physiology. In the present study, human (h)iPSC-CMs were generated from iPSCs by including glycogen synthase kinase 3β and Wnt inhibitors in the basal culture media. The possible effect of Y27632, a ROCK inhibitor, on hiPSC-CMs was then investigated. hiPSC-CMs of high purity were harvested with >96% of cells expressing cardiac troponin T. Additionally, treatment with 10 µM Y27632 significantly improved the viability of dissociated hiPSC-CMs. The effects of ROCK inhibitors Y27632 and fasudil, on the proliferation and apoptosis of hiPSC-CMs were also examined. Treatment with ROCK inhibitors markedly enhanced hiPSC-CM proliferation, by up to 2.5-fold, whilst Y27632 treatment reduced apoptosis in hiPSC-derived CMs under serum starvation and suspension by suppressing the expression of caspase-3. Taken together, data from the present study indicated that ROCK kinase inhibitors effectively improved the cultural system of hiPSC-derived CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxia Ke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Meng Ji
- Hangzhou Biaomo Biosciences Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Shanghai Likun Biosciences Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Yuehong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Nianmin Qi
- Shanghai Likun Biosciences Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
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Silbernagel N, Körner A, Balitzki J, Jaggy M, Bertels S, Richter B, Hippler M, Hellwig A, Hecker M, Bastmeyer M, Ullrich ND. Shaping the heart: Structural and functional maturation of iPSC-cardiomyocytes in 3D-micro-scaffolds. Biomaterials 2020; 227:119551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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37
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Becker N, Horváth A, De Boer T, Fabbri A, Grad C, Fertig N, George M, Obergrussberger A. Automated Dynamic Clamp for Simulation of I
K1
in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes in Real Time Using Patchliner Dynamite
8. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 88:e70. [DOI: 10.1002/cpph.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teun De Boer
- Department of Medical PhysiologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Alan Fabbri
- Department of Medical PhysiologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
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38
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Pang L, Sager P, Yang X, Shi H, Sannajust F, Brock M, Wu JC, Abi-Gerges N, Lyn-Cook B, Berridge BR, Stockbridge N. Workshop Report: FDA Workshop on Improving Cardiotoxicity Assessment With Human-Relevant Platforms. Circ Res 2019; 125:855-867. [PMID: 31600125 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Given that cardiovascular safety concerns remain the leading cause of drug attrition at the preclinical drug development stage, the National Center for Toxicological Research of the US Food and Drug Administration hosted a workshop to discuss current gaps and challenges in translating preclinical cardiovascular safety data to humans. This white paper summarizes the topics presented by speakers from academia, industry, and government intended to address the theme of improving cardiotoxicity assessment in drug development. The main conclusion is that to reduce cardiovascular safety liabilities of new therapeutic agents, there is an urgent need to integrate human-relevant platforms/approaches into drug development. Potential regulatory applications of human-derived cardiomyocytes and future directions in employing human-relevant platforms to fill the gaps and overcome barriers and challenges in preclinical cardiovascular safety assessment were discussed. This paper is intended to serve as an initial step in a public-private collaborative development program for human-relevant cardiotoxicity tools, particularly for cardiotoxicities characterized by contractile dysfunction or structural injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Pang
- From the Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (L.P.)
| | | | - Xi Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (X.Y.)
| | - Hong Shi
- Discovery Toxicology, Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS) Company (H.S.)
| | - Frederick Sannajust
- Safety & Exploratory Pharmacology Department, SALAR Division, Merck & Co (F.S.)
| | | | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (J.C.W.)
| | | | - Beverly Lyn-Cook
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (B.L.-C.)
| | - Brian R Berridge
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (B.R.B.)
| | - Norman Stockbridge
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (N.S.)
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Tsuruyama S, Matsuura K, Sakaguchi K, Shimizu T. Pulsatile tubular cardiac tissues fabricated by wrapping human iPS cells-derived cardiomyocyte sheets. Regen Ther 2019; 11:297-305. [PMID: 31667209 PMCID: PMC6813561 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to fabricate pulsatile tubular cardiac tissue using cell sheet based-tissue engineering. First, we fabricated human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSc)-derived cardiomyocyte sheets and normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) sheets which are harvested from temperature responsive culture dishes only by lowering the temperature. Then tubular cardiac tissues are formed by wrapping one hiPSc-derived cardiomyocyte sheet and three NHDF sheets around an octagonal column, and both ends of the tubular tissue were covered with fibrin and collagen gel. The octagonal column with the tubular tissue was connected to an in vitro circulation system in a culture box. After four-day culture, the cardiac tissue survived and pulsated spontaneously in the circulation system. Furthermore, the analysis with a Millar catheter inserted into the cardiac tubes revealed significant inner pressure changes generated by their beating. In addition, the tubular cardiac tissue pulsated in response to the electrical stimulation. Although histological analyses demonstrated that cardiac troponin T-positive cells stratified the inner surface of the tubular tissues, gene expression analyses showed an immature state of these cardiomyocytes. Thus, cell sheet-based tissue engineering realized human pulsatile tubular cardiac tissue fabrication and we believe that these tubular cardiac tissues should contribute to future drug screening and regenerative therapy for heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinpei Tsuruyama
- Cell Processing and Culture Department, Regenerative Medicine Manufacturing Systems Division, SHIBUYA CORPORATION, 2-1 Hokuyodai, Kanazawa-shi, Ishikawa, 920-0177, Japan.,Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Matsuura
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Sakaguchi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University (TWIns), 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
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40
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Poon ENY, Hao B, Guan D, Jun Li M, Lu J, Yang Y, Wu B, Wu SCM, Webb SE, Liang Y, Miller AL, Yao X, Wang J, Yan B, Boheler KR. Integrated transcriptomic and regulatory network analyses identify microRNA-200c as a novel repressor of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte differentiation and maturation. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:894-906. [PMID: 29373717 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial for the post-transcriptional control of protein-encoding genes and together with transcription factors (TFs) regulate gene expression; however, the regulatory activities of miRNAs during cardiac development are only partially understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that integrative computational approaches could identify miRNAs that experimentally could be shown to regulate cardiomyogenesis. Methods and results We integrated expression profiles with bioinformatics analyses of miRNA and TF regulatory programs to identify candidate miRNAs involved with cardiac development. Expression profiling showed that miR-200c, which is not normally detected in adult heart, is progressively down-regulated both during cardiac development and in vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to cardiomyocytes (CMs). We employed computational methodologies to predict target genes of both miR-200c and five key cardiac TFs to identify co-regulated gene networks. The inferred cardiac networks revealed that the cooperative action of miR-200c with these five key TFs, including three (GATA4, SRF and TBX5) targeted by miR-200c, should modulate key processes and pathways necessary for CM development and function. Experimentally, over-expression (OE) of miR-200c in hESC-CMs reduced the mRNA levels of GATA4, SRF and TBX5. Cardiac expression of Ca2+, K+ and Na+ ion channel genes (CACNA1C, KCNJ2 and SCN5A) were also significantly altered by knockdown or OE of miR-200c. Luciferase reporter assays validated miR-200c binding sites on the 3' untranslated region of CACNA1C. In hESC-CMs, elevated miR-200c increased beating frequency, and repressed both Ca2+ influx, mediated by the L-type Ca2+ channel and Ca2+ transients. Conclusions Our analyses demonstrate that miR-200c represses hESC-CM differentiation and maturation. The integrative computation and experimental approaches described here, when applied more broadly, will enhance our understanding of the interplays between miRNAs and TFs in controlling cardiac development and disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Ngar-Yun Poon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baixia Hao
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daogang Guan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mulin Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Centre of Genomics Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LSK Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Laboratory for Food Safety and Environmental Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Ave, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Binbin Wu
- Laboratory for Food Safety and Environmental Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Ave, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Stanley Chun-Ming Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sarah E Webb
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Laboratory for Food Safety and Environmental Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Ave, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Andrew L Miller
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.,Marine Biology Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LSK Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junwen Wang
- Centre of Genomics Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. Hong Kong, China.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Bin Yan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Centre of Genomics Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. Hong Kong, China.,Laboratory for Food Safety and Environmental Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Ave, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Kenneth R Boheler
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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41
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Leitolis A, Robert AW, Pereira IT, Correa A, Stimamiglio MA. Cardiomyogenesis Modeling Using Pluripotent Stem Cells: The Role of Microenvironmental Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:164. [PMID: 31448277 PMCID: PMC6695570 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSC) can be used as a model to study cardiomyogenic differentiation. In vitro modeling can reproduce cardiac development through modulation of some key signaling pathways. Therefore, many studies make use of this strategy to better understand cardiomyogenesis complexity and to determine possible ways to modulate cell fate. However, challenges remain regarding efficiency of differentiation protocols, cardiomyocyte (CM) maturation and therapeutic applications. Considering that the extracellular milieu is crucial for cellular behavior control, cardiac niche studies, such as those identifying secreted molecules from adult or neonatal tissues, allow the identification of extracellular factors that may contribute to CM differentiation and maturation. This review will focus on cardiomyogenesis modeling using PSC and the elements involved in cardiac microenvironmental signaling (the secretome - extracellular vesicles, extracellular matrix and soluble factors) that may contribute to CM specification and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Leitolis
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Anny W Robert
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Isabela T Pereira
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Correa
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marco A Stimamiglio
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
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42
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Mayourian J, Ceholski DK, Gonzalez DM, Cashman TJ, Sahoo S, Hajjar RJ, Costa KD. Physiologic, Pathologic, and Therapeutic Paracrine Modulation of Cardiac Excitation-Contraction Coupling. Circ Res 2019; 122:167-183. [PMID: 29301848 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) is the orchestrated process of initial myocyte electrical excitation, which leads to calcium entry, intracellular trafficking, and subsequent sarcomere shortening and myofibrillar contraction. Neurohumoral β-adrenergic signaling is a well-established mediator of ECC; other signaling mechanisms, such as paracrine signaling, have also demonstrated significant impact on ECC but are less well understood. For example, resident heart endothelial cells are well-known physiological paracrine modulators of cardiac myocyte ECC mainly via NO and endothelin-1. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated other resident noncardiomyocyte heart cells (eg, physiological fibroblasts and pathological myofibroblasts), and even experimental cardiotherapeutic cells (eg, mesenchymal stem cells) are also capable of altering cardiomyocyte ECC through paracrine mechanisms. In this review, we first focus on the paracrine-mediated effects of resident and therapeutic noncardiomyocytes on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, electrophysiology, and calcium handling, each of which can modulate ECC, and then discuss the current knowledge about key paracrine factors and their underlying mechanisms of action. Next, we provide a case example demonstrating the promise of tissue-engineering approaches to study paracrine effects on tissue-level contractility. More specifically, we present new functional and molecular data on the effects of human adult cardiac fibroblast conditioned media on human engineered cardiac tissue contractility and ion channel gene expression that generally agrees with previous murine studies but also suggests possible species-specific differences. By contrast, paracrine secretions by human dermal fibroblasts had no discernible effect on human engineered cardiac tissue contractile function and gene expression. Finally, we discuss systems biology approaches to help identify key stem cell paracrine mediators of ECC and their associated mechanistic pathways. Such integration of tissue-engineering and systems biology methods shows promise to reveal novel insights into paracrine mediators of ECC and their underlying mechanisms of action, ultimately leading to improved cell-based therapies for patients with heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Mayourian
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Delaine K Ceholski
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - David M Gonzalez
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Timothy J Cashman
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Kevin D Costa
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
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43
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Microfluidic bioprinting for organ-on-a-chip models. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1248-1257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Varzideh F, Mahmoudi E, Pahlavan S. Coculture with noncardiac cells promoted maturation of human stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte microtissues. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:16681-16691. [PMID: 31090105 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-CM) provided a promising cell source for cell therapy, drug screening, and disease modeling. However, hPSC-CM are immature and phenotypically more similar to fetal rather than adult cardiomyocytes in vitro. We explored the impact of coculture of human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hESC-MSC) and endothelial cells (ECs) with human embryonic stem cells-derived cardiac progenitor cells (hESC-CPC) on the gene expression and electrophysiological properties of hESC-CPC in 3D culture (microtissue spheroid). In this regard, hESC-CPC were cultured either alone (CM microtissue) or in coculture with EC and hESC-MSC (CMEM microtissue) on agar-coated 96-well round-bottomed plates for 1 week. Lumen-like structures were formed in CMEM but not in CM microtissue. Cardiac progenitor markers (TBX5, GATA4) were downregulated and cardiac sarcomeric transcripts (MLC2v and β-MHC) were upregulated in CMEM compared with CM microtissue. Furthermore, beating frequencies, beating cycles, and field potential durations of CMEM resided in the range of adult cardiomyocytes rather than fetal like phenotypes observed in CM microtissue. These findings demonstrated that CPC spheroids in coculture with EC and hESC-MSC may undergo greater maturation toward an adult-like cardiomyocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elena Mahmoudi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Pahlavan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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45
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Kannan S, Kwon C. Regulation of cardiomyocyte maturation during critical perinatal window. J Physiol 2019; 598:2941-2956. [PMID: 30571853 DOI: 10.1113/jp276754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A primary limitation in the use of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) for both patient health and scientific investigation is the failure of these cells to achieve full functional maturity. In vivo, cardiomyocytes undergo numerous adaptive structural, functional and metabolic changes during maturation. By contrast, PSC-CMs fail to fully undergo these developmental processes, instead remaining arrested at an embryonic stage of maturation. There is thus a significant need to understand the biological processes underlying proper CM maturation in vivo. Here, we discuss what is known regarding the initiation and coordination of CM maturation. We postulate that there is a critical perinatal window, ranging from embryonic day 18.5 to postnatal day 14 in mice, in which the maturation process is exquisitely sensitive to perturbation. While the initiation mechanisms of this process are unknown, it is increasingly clear that maturation proceeds through interconnected regulatory circuits that feed into one another to coordinate concomitant structural, functional and metabolic CM maturation. We highlight PGC1α, SRF and the MEF2 family as transcription factors that may potentially mediate this cross-talk. We lastly discuss several emerging technologies that will facilitate future studies into the mechanisms of CM maturation. Further study will not only produce a better understanding of its key processes, but provide practical insights into developing a robust strategy to produce mature PSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Kannan
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Chulan Kwon
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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46
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Inversion and computational maturation of drug response using human stem cell derived cardiomyocytes in microphysiological systems. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17626. [PMID: 30514966 PMCID: PMC6279833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While cardiomyocytes differentiated from human induced pluripotent stems cells (hiPSCs) hold great promise for drug screening, the electrophysiological properties of these cells can be variable and immature, producing results that are significantly different from their human adult counterparts. Here, we describe a computational framework to address this limitation, and show how in silico methods, applied to measurements on immature cardiomyocytes, can be used to both identify drug action and to predict its effect in mature cells. Our synthetic and experimental results indicate that optically obtained waveforms of voltage and calcium from microphysiological systems can be inverted into information on drug ion channel blockage, and then, through assuming functional invariance of proteins during maturation, this data can be used to predict drug induced changes in mature ventricular cells. Together, this pipeline of measurements and computational analysis could significantly improve the ability of hiPSC derived cardiomycocytes to predict dangerous drug side effects.
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47
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Human cardiomyocytes undergo enhanced maturation in embryonic stem cell-derived organoid transplants. Biomaterials 2018; 192:537-550. [PMID: 30529872 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human cardiomyocytes (CM) differentiated from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are relatively immature when generated in two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cultures, which limits their biomedical applications. Here, we devised a strategy to enhance maturation of human CM in vitro by assembly of three-dimensional (3D) cardiac organoids (CO) containing human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac progenitor cells (hESC-CPCs), endothelial cells (ECs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In contrast to corresponding 2D cultures, 3D CO not only developed into structures containing spontaneously beating CM, but also showed enhanced maturity as indicated by increased expressions of sarcomere and ion channel genes and reduced proliferation. Heterotopic implantation of CO into the peritoneal cavity of immunodeficient mice induced neovascularization, and further stimulated upregulation of genes coding for the contractile apparatus, Ca2+ handling and ion channel proteins. In addition, CM in implanted CO were characterized by a more mature ultrastructure compared to CM implanted without CO support. Functional analysis revealed the presence of working cardiomyocytes in both in vivo and ex ovo chorioallantoic membrane implanted CO. Our results demonstrate that cultivation in 3D CO and subsequent heterotopic implantation enhance maturation of CM towards an adult-like phenotype. We reason that CO-derived CM represent an attractive source for drug discovery and other biomedical applications.
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Greenberg MJ, Daily NJ, Wang A, Conway MK, Wakatsuki T. Genetic and Tissue Engineering Approaches to Modeling the Mechanics of Human Heart Failure for Drug Discovery. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:120. [PMID: 30283789 PMCID: PMC6156537 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is the leading cause of death in the western world and as such, there is a great need for new therapies. Heart failure has a variable presentation in patients and a complex etiology; however, it is fundamentally a condition that affects the mechanics of cardiac contraction, preventing the heart from generating sufficient cardiac output under normal operating pressures. One of the major issues hindering the development of new therapies has been difficulties in developing appropriate in vitro model systems of human heart failure that recapitulate the essential changes in cardiac mechanics seen in the disease. Recent advances in stem cell technologies, genetic engineering, and tissue engineering have the potential to revolutionize our ability to model and study heart failure in vitro. Here, we review how these technologies are being applied to develop personalized models of heart failure and discover novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Greenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Ann Wang
- InvivoSciences Inc., Madison, WI, United States
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Goetzke R, Sechi A, De Laporte L, Neuss S, Wagner W. Why the impact of mechanical stimuli on stem cells remains a challenge. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3297-3312. [PMID: 29728714 PMCID: PMC11105618 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2830-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stimulation affects growth and differentiation of stem cells. This may be used to guide lineage-specific cell fate decisions and therefore opens fascinating opportunities for stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. Several studies demonstrated functional and molecular effects of mechanical stimulation but on first sight these results often appear to be inconsistent. Comparison of such studies is hampered by a multitude of relevant parameters that act in concert. There are notorious differences between species, cell types, and culture conditions. Furthermore, the utilized culture substrates have complex features, such as surface chemistry, elasticity, and topography. Cell culture substrates can vary from simple, flat materials to complex 3D scaffolds. Last but not least, mechanical forces can be applied with different frequency, amplitude, and strength. It is therefore a prerequisite to take all these parameters into consideration when ascribing their specific functional relevance-and to only modulate one parameter at the time if the relevance of this parameter is addressed. Such research questions can only be investigated by interdisciplinary cooperation. In this review, we focus particularly on mesenchymal stem cells and pluripotent stem cells to discuss relevant parameters that contribute to the kaleidoscope of mechanical stimulation of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Goetzke
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering - Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Antonio Sechi
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering - Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Neuss
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Group, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering - Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany.
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Group, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Fermini B, Coyne ST, Coyne KP. Clinical Trials in a Dish: A Perspective on the Coming Revolution in Drug Development. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 23:765-776. [PMID: 29862873 PMCID: PMC6104197 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218775028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry is facing unprecedented challenges as the cost of developing
new drugs has reached unsustainable levels, fueled in large parts by a high attrition rate
in clinical development. Strategies to bridge studies between preclinical testing and
clinical trials are needed to reduce the knowledge gap and allow earlier decisions to be
made on the continuation or discontinuation of further development of drugs. The discovery
and development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have opened up new
avenues that support the concept of screening for cell-based safety and toxicity at the
level of a population. This approach, termed “Clinical Trials in a Dish” (CTiD), allows
testing medical therapies for safety or efficacy on cells collected from a representative
sample of human patients, before moving into actual clinical trials. It can be applied to
the development of drugs for specific populations, and it allows predicting not only the
magnitude of effects but also the incidence of patients in a population who will benefit
or be harmed by these drugs. This, in turn, can lead to the selection of safer drugs to
move into clinical development, resulting in a reduction in attrition. The current article
offers a perspective of this new model for “humanized” preclinical drug development.
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