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Muñoz-Callejas A, Sánchez-Abad I, Ramos-Manzano A, San Antonio E, González-Sánchez E, Silván J, González-Tajuelo R, González-Álvaro I, García-Pérez J, Tomero EG, García-Vicuña R, Vicente-Rabaneda EF, Castañeda S, Urzainqui A. Regulation of monocyte apoptosis and DNA extrusion in monocyte extracellular traps by PSGL-1: Relevance in systemic lupus erythematosus. Transl Res 2024; 274:10-20. [PMID: 39182668 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterized by severe organ damage and lacking curative treatment. While various immune cell types, especially dysfunctional B and T cells and neutrophils, have been related with disease pathogenesis, limited research has focused on the role of monocytes in SLE. Increased DNA extracellular traps, apoptosis and necrosis have been related to lupus pathogenesis. Our goal is to analyze the contribution of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) in SLE monocytes to disease pathogenesis by investigating the control exerted by PSGL-1 on monocyte apoptosis and DNA extrusion in extracellular traps (METs). Monocytes from active disease patients (aSLE) exhibited reduced levels of PSGL-1. Importantly, lower PSGL-1 levels in SLE monocytes associated with several clinical characteristics, including anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, lupus anticoagulant, clinical lung involvement, and anemia. Monocytes from SLE patients showed higher susceptibility to apoptosis than healthy donors (HD) monocytes and PSGL-1/P-selectin interaction decreased secondary necrosis in HD but not in aSLE monocytes. Regarding METs, aSLE monocytes exhibited higher susceptibility to generate METs than HD monocytes. The interaction of HD monocytes with P-selectin induced Syk activation and reduced the levels of DNA extruded in METs. However, in aSLE monocytes, PSGL-1/P-selectin interaction did not activate Syk or reduce the amount of extruded DNA. Our data suggest a dysfunctional PSGL-1/P-selectin axis in aSLE monocytes, unable to reduce secondary necrosis or the amount of DNA released into the extracellular medium in METs, potentially contributing to lupus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Muñoz-Callejas
- Immunology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina y Biomedicina, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, 28691, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Sánchez-Abad
- Immunology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Ramos-Manzano
- Immunology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther San Antonio
- Immunology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena González-Sánchez
- Immunology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Silván
- Immunology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael González-Tajuelo
- Immunology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidoro González-Álvaro
- Rheumatology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier García-Pérez
- Pulmonology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva G Tomero
- Rheumatology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario García-Vicuña
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Rheumatology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther F Vicente-Rabaneda
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Rheumatology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Immunology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006, Madrid, Spain; Rheumatology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Urzainqui
- Immunology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital de la Princesa, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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Yang Y, Xu L, Atkins C, Kuhlman L, Zhao J, Jeong JM, Wen Y, Moreno N, Kim KH, An YA, Wang F, Bynon S, Villani V, Gao B, Brombacher F, Harris R, Eltzschig HK, Jacobsen E, Ju C. Novel IL-4/HB-EGF-dependent crosstalk between eosinophils and macrophages controls liver regeneration after ischaemia and reperfusion injury. Gut 2024; 73:1543-1553. [PMID: 38724220 PMCID: PMC11347249 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-332033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies indicate that eosinophils are recruited into the allograft following orthotopic liver transplantation and protect from ischaemia reperfusion (IR) injury. In the current studies, we aim to explore whether their protective function could outlast during liver repair. DESIGN Eosinophil-deficient mice and adoptive transfer of bone marrow-derived eosinophils (bmEos) were employed to investigate the effects of eosinophils on tissue repair and regeneration after hepatic IR injury. Aside from exogenous cytokine or neutralising antibody treatments, mechanistic studies made use of a panel of mouse models of eosinophil-specific IL-4/IL-13-deletion, cell-specific IL-4rα-deletion in liver macrophages and hepatocytes and macrophage-specific deletion of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (hb-egf). RESULT We observed that eosinophils persisted over a week following hepatic IR injury. Their peak accumulation coincided with that of hepatocyte proliferation. Functional studies showed that eosinophil deficiency was associated with a dramatic delay in liver repair, which was normalised by the adoptive transfer of bmEos. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that eosinophil-derived IL-4, but not IL-13, was critically involved in the reparative function of these cells. The data further revealed a selective role of macrophage-dependent IL-4 signalling in liver regeneration. Eosinophil-derived IL-4 stimulated macrophages to produce HB-EGF. Moreover, macrophage-specific hb-egf deletion impaired hepatocyte regeneration after IR injury. CONCLUSION Together, these studies uncovered an indispensable role of eosinophils in liver repair after acute injury and identified a novel crosstalk between eosinophils and macrophages through the IL-4/HB-EGF axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Constance Atkins
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lily Kuhlman
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jong-Min Jeong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yankai Wen
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicolas Moreno
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kang Ho Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yu A An
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fenfen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steve Bynon
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vincenzo Villani
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Disease, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Frank Brombacher
- University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences, Observatory, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Raymond Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Jacobsen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Ma YB, Zhou XQ, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Li SW, Tang L, Zhang L, Mi HF, Feng L. Tea polyphenols protect against Flavobacterium columnare-induced gill injury via suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in grass carp. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127050. [PMID: 37742887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Flavobacterium columnare (F. columnare) is one of the deadliest fish pathogens causing bacterial gill rot disease in various freshwater fish species globally. Tea polyphenols (TPs) are an inexpensive product extracted from tea that have received much attention as a feed additive in aquaculture. The current study was designed to investigate the underlying mechanisms and protective effects of dietary TPs against F. columnare-induced gill injury via suppression of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in grass carp. TPs were not supplemented to the diet (control) and were supplemented at 40, 80, 120, 160 or 200 mg/kg diet. The feeding experiment was carried out for 60 days, followed by a 3-Day F. columnare challenge test. The results showed that 120 mg/kg TPs in the diet exerted the following five protective effects in fish gill: (1) control gill-rot disease and improved histopathology, (2) inhibit excessive apoptosis, (3) enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes and upregulate related gene expression via the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, (4) increase the activity of immune enzymes, And (5) mediate inflammatory cytokine gene expression via the JAK/STAT3 pathway. Taken together, dietary supplementation with TPs is a compelling approach to protect the gill function of fish against F. columnare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Bin Ma
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shu-Wei Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Tongwei Co., Ltd., Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hai-Feng Mi
- Tongwei Co., Ltd., Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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Purnama CA, Meiliana A, Barliana MI, Lestari K. Update of cellular responses to the efferocytosis of necroptosis and pyroptosis. Cell Div 2023; 18:5. [PMID: 37032375 PMCID: PMC10084608 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-023-00087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death is a basic physiological process that occurs in all living organisms. A few key players in these mechanisms, as well as various forms of cell death programming, have been identified. Apoptotic cell phagocytosis, also known as apoptotic cell clearance, is a well-established process regulated by a number of molecular components, including 'find-me', 'eat-me' and engulfment signals. Efferocytosis, or the rapid phagocytic clearance of cell death, is a critical mechanism for tissue homeostasis. Despite having similar mechanism to phagocytic clearance of infections, efferocytosis differs from phagocytosis in that it induces a tissue-healing response and is immunologically inert. However, as field of cell death has rapid expanded, much attention has recently been drawn to the efferocytosis of additional necrotic-like cell types, such as necroptosis and pyroptosis. Unlike apoptosis, this method of cell suicide allows the release of immunogenic cellular material and causes inflammation. Regardless of the cause of cell death, the clearance of dead cells is a necessary function to avoid uncontrolled synthesis of pro-inflammatory molecules and inflammatory disorder. We compare and contrast apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis, as well as the various molecular mechanisms of efferocytosis in each type of cell death, and investigate how these may have functional effects on different intracellular organelles and signalling networks. Understanding how efferocytic cells react to necroptotic and pyroptotic cell uptake can help us understand how to modulate these cell death processes for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Agung Purnama
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Ir. Soekarno Km 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
- Prodia Clinical Laboratory, Jl. Supratman No. 43, Bandung, 40114, Indonesia
| | - Anna Meiliana
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Ir. Soekarno Km 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
- Prodia Clinical Laboratory, Jl. Supratman No. 43, Bandung, 40114, Indonesia
- Prodia Education and Research Institute, Jl. Kramat Raya No 150, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Melisa Intan Barliana
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Ir. Soekarno Km 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia.
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Ir. Soekarno Km 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia.
| | - Keri Lestari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Ir. Soekarno Km 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Ir. Soekarno Km 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
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Rothzerg E, Feng W, Song D, Li H, Wei Q, Fox A, Wood D, Xu J, Liu Y. Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Paraspeckles Expression in Osteosarcoma Tissues. Cancer Inform 2022; 21:11769351221140101. [PMID: 36507075 PMCID: PMC9730017 DOI: 10.1177/11769351221140101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear paraspeckles are subnuclear bodies contracted by nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) long non-coding RNA, localised in the interchromatin space of mammalian cell nuclei. Paraspeckles have been critically involved in tumour progression, metastasis and chemoresistance. To this date, there are limited findings to suggest that paraspeckles, NEAT1 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) directly or indirectly play roles in osteosarcoma progression. Herein, we analysed NEAT1, paraspeckle proteins (SFPQ, PSPC1 and NONO) and hnRNP members (HNRNPK, HNRNPM, HNRNPR and HNRNPD) gene expression in 6 osteosarcoma tumour tissues using the single-cell RNA-sequencing method. The normalised data highlighted that the paraspeckles transcripts were highly abundant in osteoblastic OS cells, except NEAT1, which was highly expressed in myeloid cell 1 and 2 subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Rothzerg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Wenyu Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Dezhi Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia,Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hengyuan Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia,Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopedic Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingjun Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Archa Fox
- School of Human Sciences and Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David Wood
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia,Jiake Xu, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia,Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Yun Liu, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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Graßhoff H, Fourlakis K, Comdühr S, Riemekasten G. Autoantibodies as Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Systemic Sclerosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092150. [PMID: 36140251 PMCID: PMC9496142 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by immune dysregulation evoking the pathophysiological triad of inflammation, fibrosis and vasculopathy. In SSc, several alterations in the B-cell compartment have been described, leading to polyclonal B-cell hyperreactivity, hypergammaglobulinemia and autoantibody production. Autoreactive B cells and autoantibodies promote and maintain pathologic mechanisms. In addition, autoantibodies in SSc are important biomarkers for predicting clinical phenotype and disease progression. Autoreactive B cells and autoantibodies represent potentially promising targets for therapeutic approaches including B-cell-targeting therapies, as well as strategies for unselective and selective removal of autoantibodies. In this review, we present mechanisms of the innate immune system leading to the generation of autoantibodies, alterations of the B-cell compartment in SSc, autoantibodies as biomarkers and autoantibody-mediated pathologies in SSc as well as potential therapeutic approaches to target these.
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Reil PM, Maghiar TT, Vîlceanu N, Pascalau A, Judea Pusta CT, Marcu F, Cavalu S, Pop O. Assessing the Role of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Receptor (CD14) in Septic Cardiomyopathy: The Value of Immunohistochemical Diagnostics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040781. [PMID: 35453829 PMCID: PMC9027368 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) is one of the major predictors of morbidity and mortality of sepsis. A high percentage of patients with SIMD develop a status similar to cardiogenic shock. A high level of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) associated with an overexpression of CD14 acts as the trigger for the release of a broad spectrum of cytokines. Our study aimed to understand the correlation between septic cardiomyopathy and CD14 immunohistochemical expression. The study included 29 patients who died of septic shock. Increased values of membranous CD14 and soluble CD14 in the heart tissue were correlated with adverse patient evolution. A high cellular expression of CD14 was noted in the study group vs. the control group (p = 0.0013). Therefore, a close positive association between the amount of LPS related to sCD14 and the cellular expression of mCD14 is probable. By extrapolation, we suggest that a large amount of sCD14 detected in the cardiac tissue will activate the mCD14–TRL4–LBP–LPS complex, which in turn will induce an inadequate immune response, resulting in heart damage proportional to the amount of LPS. CD14 could represent a valuable marker for septic cardiomyopathy; thus, apoptosis of cardiomyocytes could be foreseen by its high value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teodor Traian Maghiar
- Department of Morphology Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (T.T.M.); (N.V.); (C.T.J.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Narcis Vîlceanu
- Department of Morphology Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (T.T.M.); (N.V.); (C.T.J.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Andrei Pascalau
- Department of Morphology Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (T.T.M.); (N.V.); (C.T.J.P.); (O.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-74-5778666
| | - Claudia Teodora Judea Pusta
- Department of Morphology Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (T.T.M.); (N.V.); (C.T.J.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Florin Marcu
- Department of Psycho-Neuro-Sciences and Recovery, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu Pop
- Department of Morphology Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (T.T.M.); (N.V.); (C.T.J.P.); (O.P.)
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Ge Y, Huang M, Yao YM. Efferocytosis and Its Role in Inflammatory Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:839248. [PMID: 35281078 PMCID: PMC8913510 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.839248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Efferocytosis is the effective clearance of apoptotic cells by professional and non-professional phagocytes. The process is mechanically different from other forms of phagocytosis and involves the localization, binding, internalization, and degradation of apoptotic cells. Defective efferocytosis has been demonstrated to associate with the pathogenesis of various inflammatory disorders. In the current review, we summarize recent findings with regard to efferocytosis networks and discuss the relationship between efferocytosis and different immune cell populations, as well as describe how efferocytosis helps resolve inflammatory response and modulate immune balance. Our knowledge so far about efferocytosis suggests that it may be a useful target in the treatment of numerous inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ge
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Man Huang
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-ming Yao
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process necessary to maintain cell homeostasis in response to various forms of stress such as nutrient deprivation and hypoxia as well as functioning to remove damaged molecules and organelles. The role of autophagy in cancer varies depending on the stage of cancer. Cancer therapeutics can also simultaneously evoke cancer cell senescence and ploidy increase. Both cancer cell senescence and polyploidization are reversible by depolyploidization giving rise to the progeny. Autophagy activation may be indispensable for cancer cell escape from senescence/polyploidy. As cancer cell polyploidy is proposed to be involved in cancer origin, the role of autophagy in polyploidization/depolyploidization of senescent cancer cells seems to be crucial. Accordingly, this review is an attempt to understand the complicated interrelationships between reversible cell senescence/polyploidy and autophagy.
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10
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Sprooten J, De Wijngaert P, Vanmeerbeerk I, Martin S, Vangheluwe P, Schlenner S, Krysko DV, Parys JB, Bultynck G, Vandenabeele P, Garg AD. Necroptosis in Immuno-Oncology and Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2020; 9:E1823. [PMID: 32752206 PMCID: PMC7464343 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have revolutionized oncology and firmly established the subfield of immuno-oncology. Despite this renaissance, a subset of cancer patients remain unresponsive to ICBs due to widespread immuno-resistance. To "break" cancer cell-driven immuno-resistance, researchers have long floated the idea of therapeutically facilitating the immunogenicity of cancer cells by disrupting tumor-associated immuno-tolerance via conventional anticancer therapies. It is well appreciated that anticancer therapies causing immunogenic or inflammatory cell death are best positioned to productively activate anticancer immunity. A large proportion of studies have emphasized the importance of immunogenic apoptosis (i.e., immunogenic cell death or ICD); yet, it has also emerged that necroptosis, a programmed necrotic cell death pathway, can also be immunogenic. Emergence of a proficient immune profile for necroptosis has important implications for cancer because resistance to apoptosis is one of the major hallmarks of tumors. Putative immunogenic or inflammatory characteristics driven by necroptosis can be of great impact in immuno-oncology. However, as is typical for a highly complex and multi-factorial disease like cancer, a clear cause versus consensus relationship on the immunobiology of necroptosis in cancer cells has been tough to establish. In this review, we discuss the various aspects of necroptosis immunobiology with specific focus on immuno-oncology and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sprooten
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Wijngaert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isaure Vanmeerbeerk
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shaun Martin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Susan Schlenner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jan B Parys
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Methusalem Program, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Autoantibodies from SLE patients induce programmed cell death in murine fibroblast cells through interaction with TNFR1 receptor. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11144. [PMID: 32636466 PMCID: PMC7340778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Various pathological processes are known to be associated with the production of IgG autoantibodies, which have high affinity for self-antigens and often cause tissue injury and the development of autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanism of their cytotoxic activity is not clearly understood yet. Here, we have shown that the action of these autoantibodies on cells expressing TNFR1 (the cell surface receptor for TNFα) can cause both caspase-dependent apoptosis and necroptosis of these cells, with suppression of apoptosis resulting in switching to RIP1-dependent necroptosis. Analysis of necroptotic mechanisms has shown that a critical point of necroptosis is phosphorylation of RIP1 and RIP3 kinases, which is followed by the involvement of lysosomes and mitochondria in this process. The induction of cytotoxicity is initiated by the interaction of autoantibodies with TNFR1, and autoantibodies can therefore be regarded as a new functional ligand for this receptor. The innate immunity protein Tag7 (PGLYRP1) described in our recent studies is also a ligand for TNFR1 and competes with autoantibodies for binding with it. Supposedly, the cytotoxic effect of autoantibodies is one of the factors responsible for autoimmune diseases that lead to tissue injury.
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12
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Abstract
The clearance of apoptotic cells by professional and non-professional phagocytes - a process termed 'efferocytosis' - is essential for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Accordingly, defective efferocytosis underlies a growing list of chronic inflammatory diseases. Although much has been learnt about the mechanisms of apoptotic cell recognition and uptake, several key areas remain incompletely understood. This Review focuses on new discoveries related to how phagocytes process the metabolic cargo they receive during apoptotic cell uptake; the links between efferocytosis and the resolution of inflammation in health and disease; and the roles of efferocytosis in host defence. Understanding these aspects of efferocytosis sheds light on key physiological and pathophysiological processes and suggests novel therapeutic strategies for diseases driven by defective efferocytosis and impaired inflammation resolution.
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13
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Lummis NC, Sánchez-Pavón P, Kennedy G, Frantz AJ, Kihara Y, Blaho VA, Chun J. LPA 1/3 overactivation induces neonatal posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus through ependymal loss and ciliary dysfunction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax2011. [PMID: 31633020 PMCID: PMC6785248 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) in premature infants is a common neurological disorder treated with invasive neurosurgical interventions. Patients with PHH lack effective therapeutic interventions and suffer chronic comorbidities. Here, we report a murine lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced postnatal PHH model that maps neurodevelopmentally to premature infants, a clinically accessible high-risk population, and demonstrates ventriculomegaly with increased intracranial pressure. Administration of LPA, a blood-borne signaling lipid, acutely disrupted the ependymal cells that generate CSF flow, which was followed by cell death, phagocytosis, and ventricular surface denudation. This mechanism is distinct from a previously reported fetal model that induces PHH through developmental alterations. Analyses of LPA receptor-null mice identified LPA1 and LPA3 as key mediators of PHH. Pharmacological blockade of LPA1 prevented PHH in LPA-injected animals, supporting the medical tractability of LPA receptor antagonists in preventing PHH and negative CNS sequelae in premature infants.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Apoptosis
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/pathology
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ependyma/cytology
- Ependyma/metabolism
- Ependymoglial Cells/cytology
- Ependymoglial Cells/metabolism
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/chemically induced
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/pathology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/prevention & control
- Isoxazoles/pharmacology
- Isoxazoles/therapeutic use
- Lysophospholipids/toxicity
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Phagocytosis
- Propionates/pharmacology
- Propionates/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C. Lummis
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Pavón
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Grace Kennedy
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aaron J. Frantz
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Kihara
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Victoria A. Blaho
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Corresponding author.
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14
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Hermann JK, Ravikumar M, Shoffstall AJ, Ereifej ES, Kovach KM, Chang J, Soffer A, Wong C, Srivastava V, Smith P, Protasiewicz G, Jiang J, Selkirk SM, Miller RH, Sidik S, Ziats NP, Taylor DM, Capadona JR. Inhibition of the cluster of differentiation 14 innate immunity pathway with IAXO-101 improves chronic microelectrode performance. J Neural Eng 2019; 15:025002. [PMID: 29219114 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aaa03e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuroinflammatory mechanisms are hypothesized to contribute to intracortical microelectrode failures. The cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) molecule is an innate immunity receptor involved in the recognition of pathogens and tissue damage to promote inflammation. The goal of the study was to investigate the effect of CD14 inhibition on intracortical microelectrode recording performance and tissue integration. APPROACH Mice implanted with intracortical microelectrodes in the motor cortex underwent electrophysiological characterization for 16 weeks, followed by endpoint histology. Three conditions were examined: (1) wildtype control mice, (2) knockout mice lacking CD14, and (3) wildtype control mice administered a small molecule inhibitor to CD14 called IAXO-101. MAIN RESULTS The CD14 knockout mice exhibited acute but not chronic improvements in intracortical microelectrode performance without significant differences in endpoint histology. Mice receiving IAXO-101 exhibited significant improvements in recording performance over the entire 16 week duration without significant differences in endpoint histology. SIGNIFICANCE Full removal of CD14 is beneficial at acute time ranges, but limited CD14 signaling is beneficial at chronic time ranges. Innate immunity receptor inhibition strategies have the potential to improve long-term intracortical microelectrode performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Hermann
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Rehabilitation Research and Development, 10701 East Blvd. Mail Stop 151 AW/APT, Cleveland OH 44106, United States of America. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, School of Engineering, 2071 Martin Luther King Jr Drive, Wickenden Bldg, Cleveland OH 44106, United States of America
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15
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Hermann JK, Capadona JR. Understanding the Role of Innate Immunity in the Response to Intracortical Microelectrodes. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 2019; 46:341-367. [PMID: 30806249 DOI: 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.2018027166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intracortical microelectrodes exhibit enormous potential for researching the nervous system, steering assistive devices and functional electrode stimulation systems for severely paralyzed individuals, and augmenting the brain with computing power. Unfortunately, intracortical microelectrodes often fail to consistently record signals over clinically useful periods. Biological mechanisms, such as the foreign body response to intracortical microelectrodes and self-perpetuating neuroinflammatory cascades, contribute to the inconsistencies and decline in recording performance. Unfortunately, few studies have directly correlated microelectrode performance with the neuroinflammatory response to the implanted devices. However, of those select studies that have, the role of the innate immune system remains among the most likely links capable of corroborating the results of different studies, across laboratories. Therefore, the overall goal of this review is to highlight the role of innate immunity signaling in the foreign body response to intracortical microelectrodes and hypothesize as to appropriate strategies that may become the most relevant in enabling brain-dwelling electrodes of any geometry, or location, for a range of clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Hermann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2071 Martin Luther King Jr. Drive, Wickenden Bldg, Cleveland, OH 44106; Advanced Platform Technology Center, Rehabilitation Research and Development, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd. Mail Stop 151 AW/APT, Cleveland, OH 44106-1702
| | - Jeffrey R Capadona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2071 Martin Luther King Jr. Drive, Wickenden Bldg, Cleveland, OH 44106; Advanced Platform Technology Center, Rehabilitation Research and Development, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd. Mail Stop 151 AW/APT, Cleveland, OH 44106-1702
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16
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Voices from the dead: The complex vocabulary and intricate grammar of dead cells. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 116:1-90. [PMID: 31036289 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Of the roughly one million cells per second dying throughout the body, the vast majority dies by apoptosis, the predominant form of regulated cell death in higher organisms. Long regarded as mere waste, apoptotic cells are now recognized as playing a prominent and active role in homeostatic maintenance, especially resolution of inflammation, and in the sculpting of tissues during development. The activities associated with apoptotic cells are continually expanding, with more recent studies demonstrating their ability to modulate such vital functions as proliferation, survival, differentiation, metabolism, migration, and angiogenesis. In each case, the role of apoptotic cells is active, exerting their effects via new activities acquired during the apoptotic program. Moreover, the capacity to recognize and respond to apoptotic cells is not limited to professional phagocytes. Most, if not all, cells receive and integrate an array of signals from cells dying in their vicinity. These signals comprise a form of biochemical communication. As reviewed in this chapter, this communication is remarkably sophisticated; each of its three critical steps-encoding, transmission, and decoding of the apoptotic cell's "message"-is endowed with exquisite robustness. Together, the abundance and intricacy of the variables at each step comprise the vocabulary and grammar of the language by which dead cells achieve their post-mortem voice. The combinatorial complexity of the resulting communication network permits dying cells, through the signals they emit and the responses those signals elicit, to partake of an expanded role in homeostasis, acting as both sentinels of environmental change and agents of adaptation.
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17
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Argüelles S, Guerrero-Castilla A, Cano M, Muñoz MF, Ayala A. Advantages and disadvantages of apoptosis in the aging process. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1443:20-33. [PMID: 30839127 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Researchers cannot predict as yet how long a human being can live. Life expectancy has been steadily increasing in the last century, but perhaps not always the quality of life in parallel with it. Future generations will be faced with the problems of an increased life expectancy along with the emergence of new age-related diseases. A deeper understanding of the aging process is crucial to ameliorate, if not to prevent, these projected new old-age diseases. One of the mechanisms responsible for healthy aging is through the effective maintenance of physiological, biochemical, and immunological functions. To carry this out, the organism needs to create new cells to replace old ones and to induce the disappearance of old and damaged cells. Apoptosis is involved in all these processes. However, if apoptosis is dysregulated, premature senescence-associated diseases are likely to appear. In our review, the focus will be on a better understanding of the role of apoptosis in the aging process. These signaling pathways will most assuredly be pharmacologically targeted in antiaging medicine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Argüelles
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Mercedes Cano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Mario F Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Ayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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18
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Nadella V, Ranjan R, Senthilkumaran B, Qadri SSYH, Pothani S, Singh AK, Gupta ML, Prakash H. Podophyllotoxin and Rutin Modulate M1 (iNOS+) Macrophages and Mitigate Lethal Radiation (LR) Induced Inflammatory Responses in Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:106. [PMID: 30809222 PMCID: PMC6379314 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accidental exposure to lethal doses of Gamma radiation leads to the systemic inflammatory syndrome which causes mortality. In view of this, management of hemopoietic syndrome by modulating pro-inflammatory response in clinically manageable time period seems to be the most appropriate strategy for encountering radiation induced damage and recovery. As both tissue and peripheral macrophages are critical for the management of radiation induced injuries, we have unraveled the immunomodulatory potential of radioprotective formulation (G-003M) on peripheral macrophages populations in this study. G-003M inhibited lethal radiation induced NO and Th1 effector cytokines in the exposed macrophages indicating its M1 dim polarizing capacity. In similar lines, conditioning of mice with G-003M before lethal irradiation (LR) inhibited LR induced titre of Th1 effector cytokines in both serums as well as in lung, small intestine, and spleen tissue confirming its immunomodulatory potential. G-003M potentially down modulated inflammatory response in LPS induced inflammatory model and enhanced M2 polarization of iNOS+ M1 effector macrophages providing a molecular hint on G-003M mechanism of action on macrophages. These observations revealed that G-003M potentially modulate pro-inflammatory programming of macrophages and mitigate radiation-induced inflammatory stress which is believed to contribute significantly to radioprotective attribute of G-003M. In this study, we demonstrate that Rutin and Podophyllotoxin drive M1dim/M2 polarization of LR primed macrophages apart from protecting DNA from radiation. These drugs have the capacity to programme innate immune cells like macrophages which may be involved in homeostasis during recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Nadella
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajiv Ranjan
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, New Delhi, India
| | | | - S S Y H Qadri
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suresh Pothani
- National Animal Resource Facility for Bio-Medical Research, Indian Council of Medical Research Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Singh
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, New Delhi, India
| | - Manju L Gupta
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, New Delhi, India
| | - Hridayesh Prakash
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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19
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Giladi A, Amit I. Single-Cell Genomics: A Stepping Stone for Future Immunology Discoveries. Cell 2018; 172:14-21. [PMID: 29328909 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The immunology field has invested great efforts and ingenuity to characterize the various immune cell types and elucidate their functions. However, accumulating evidence indicates that current technologies and classification schemes are limited in their ability to account for the functional heterogeneity of immune processes. Single-cell genomics hold the potential to revolutionize the way we characterize complex immune cell assemblies and study their spatial organization, dynamics, clonal distribution, pathways, function, and crosstalks. In this Perspective, we consider recent and forthcoming technological and analytical advances in single-cell genomics and the potential impact of those advances on the future of immunology research and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Giladi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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20
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Intestinal host defense outcome is dictated by PGE 2 production during efferocytosis of infected cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8469-E8478. [PMID: 30127026 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1722016115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory responses are terminated by the clearance of dead cells, a process termed efferocytosis. A consequence of efferocytosis is the synthesis of the antiinflammatory mediators TGF-β, PGE2, and IL-10; however, the efferocytosis of infected cells favors Th17 responses by eliciting the synthesis of TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-23. Recently, we showed that the efferocytosis of apoptotic Escherichia coli-infected macrophages by dendritic cells triggers PGE2 production in addition to pro-Th17 cytokine expression. We therefore examined the role of PGE2 during Th17 differentiation and intestinal pathology. The efferocytosis of apoptotic E. coli-infected cells by dendritic cells promoted high levels of PGE2, which impaired IL-1R expression via the EP4-PKA pathway in T cells and consequently inhibited Th17 differentiation. The outcome of murine intestinal Citrobacter rodentium infection was dependent on the EP4 receptor. Infected mice treated with EP4 antagonist showed enhanced intestinal defense against C. rodentium compared with infected mice treated with vehicle control. Those results suggest that EP4 signaling during infectious colitis could be targeted as a way to enhance Th17 immunity and host defense.
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21
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Feng L, Vujicic S, Dietrich ME, Litbarg N, Setty S, Antoni A, Rauch J, Levine JS. Repeated exposure of epithelial cells to apoptotic cells induces the specific selection of an adaptive phenotype: Implications for tumorigenesis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10245-10263. [PMID: 29769319 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The consequences of apoptosis extend beyond the mere death of the cell. We have shown that receptor-mediated recognition of apoptotic target cells by viable kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) inhibits PTEC proliferation, growth, and survival. Here, we tested the hypothesis that continual exposure to apoptotic targets can induce a phenotypic change in responding PTECs, as in other instances of natural selection. In particular, we demonstrate that repeated exposure to apoptotic targets leads to emergence of a PTEC line (denoted BU.MPTSEL) resistant to apoptotic target-induced death. Resistance is exquisitely specific. Not only are BU.MPTSEL responders fully resistant to apoptotic target-induced death (∼85% survival versus <10% survival of nonselected cells) but do so while retaining sensitivity to all other target-induced responses, including inhibition of proliferation and growth. Moreover, the resistance of BU.MPTSEL responders is specific to target-induced apoptosis, as apoptosis in response to other suicidal stimuli occurs normally. Comparison of the signaling events induced by apoptotic target exposure in selected versus nonselected responders indicated that the acquired resistance of BU.MPTSEL cells lies in a regulatory step affecting the generation of the pro-apoptotic protein, truncated BH3 interacting-domain death agonist (tBID), most likely at the level of BID cleavage by caspase-8. This specific adaptation has especial relevance for cancer, in which the prominence and persistence of cell death entail magnification of the post-mortem effects of apoptotic cells. Just as cancer cells acquire specific resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, we propose that cancer cells may also adapt to their ongoing exposure to apoptotic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfei Feng
- From the Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and.,the Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Hospital, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Snezana Vujicic
- From the Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and.,the Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Hospital, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | | | - Natalia Litbarg
- From the Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and.,the Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Hospital, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Suman Setty
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Angelika Antoni
- the Department of Biology, Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, Kutztown, Pennsylvania 19530, and
| | - Joyce Rauch
- the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jerrold S Levine
- From the Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and .,the Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Hospital, Chicago, Illinois 60612
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22
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Abstract
Within an organism, environmental stresses can trigger cell death, particularly apoptotic cell death. Apoptotic cells, themselves, are potent regulators of their cellular environment, involved primarily in effecting homeostatic control. Tumors, especially, exist in a dynamic balance of cell proliferation and cell death. This special feature of the tumorous microenvironment—namely, the prominence and persistence of cell death—necessarily entails a magnification of the extrinsic, postmortem effects of dead cells. In both normal and malignant tissues, apoptotic regulation is exerted through immune as well as non-immune mechanisms. Apoptotic cells suppress the repertoire of immune reactivities, both by attenuating innate (especially inflammatory) responses and by abrogating adaptive responses. In addition, apoptotic cells modulate multiple vital cell activities, including survival, proliferation (cell number), and growth (cell size). While the microenvironment of the tumor may contribute to apoptosis, the postmortem effects of apoptotic cells feature prominently in the reciprocal acclimatization between the tumor and its environment. In much the same way that pathogens evade the host’s defenses through exploitation of key aspects of innate and adaptive immunity, cancer cells subvert several normal homeostatic processes, in particular wound healing and organ regeneration, to transform and overtake their environment. In understanding this subversion, it is crucial to view a tumor not simply as a clone of malignant cells, but rather as a complex and highly organized structure in which there exists a multidirectional flow of information between the cancer cells themselves and the multiple other cell types and extracellular matrix components of which the tumor is comprised. Apoptotic cells, therefore, have the unfortunate consequence of facilitating tumorigenesis and tumor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Ucker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jerrold S Levine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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23
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Court M, Petre G, Atifi ME, Millet A. Proteomic Signature Reveals Modulation of Human Macrophage Polarization and Functions Under Differing Environmental Oxygen Conditions. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:2153-2168. [PMID: 28887380 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells which can react to a large number of environmental stimuli thanks to a high degree of plasticity. These cells are involved in a variety of tissue functions in homeostasis, and they play essential roles in pathological contexts. Macrophages' activation state, which determines their functional orientation, is strongly influenced by the cellular environment. A large body of macrophage literature is devoted to better defining polarizations from a molecular viewpoint. It is now accepted that a multidimensional model of polarization is needed to grasp the broad phenotype repertoire controlled by environmental signals. The study presented here aimed, among other goals, to provide a molecular signature of various polarizations in human macrophages at the protein level to better define the different macrophage activation states. To study the proteome in human monocyte-derived macrophages as a function of their polarization state, we used a label-free quantification approach on in-gel fractionated and LysC/Trypsin digested proteins. In total, 5102 proteins were identified and quantified for all polarization states. New polarization-specific markers were identified and validated. Because oxygen tension is an important environmental parameter in tissues, we explored how environmental oxygen tension, at either atmospheric composition (18.6% O2) or "tissue normoxia" (3% O2), affected our classification of macrophage polarization. The comparative results revealed new polarization-specific makers which suggest that environmental oxygen levels should be taken into account when characterizing macrophage activation states. The proteomic screen revealed various polarization-specific proteins and oxygen sensors in human macrophages. One example is arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15), an IL4/IL13 polarization-specific protein, which was upregulated under low oxygen conditions and is associated with an increase in the rate of phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. These results illustrate the need to consider physicochemical parameters like oxygen level when studying macrophage polarization, so as to correctly assess their functions in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Court
- From the ‡Inserm U1205, Grenoble, France.,§Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Graciane Petre
- From the ‡Inserm U1205, Grenoble, France.,§Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Michèle El Atifi
- From the ‡Inserm U1205, Grenoble, France.,§Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Arnaud Millet
- From the ‡Inserm U1205, Grenoble, France; .,§Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France.,¶ATIP/Avenir Team Mechanobiology, Immunity and Cancer, Grenoble, France
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Abstract
In 1882, Elie Metchnikoff identified myeloid-like cells from starfish larvae responding to the invasion by a foreign body (rose thorn). This marked the origins for the study of innate immunity, and an appreciation that cellular immunity was well established even in these "primitive" organisms. This chapter focuses on these myeloid cells as well as the newest members of this family, the dendritic cells, and explores their evolutionary origins. Our goal is to provide evolutionary context for the development of the multilayered immune system of mammals, where myeloid cells now serve as central effectors of innate immunity and regulators of adaptive immunity. Overall, we find that core contributions of myeloid cells to the regulation of inflammation are based on mechanisms that have been honed over hundreds of millions of years of evolution. Using phagocytosis as a platform, we show how fairly simple beginnings have offered a robust foundation onto which additional control features have been integrated, resulting in central regulatory nodes that now manage multifactorial aspects of homeostasis and immunity.
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Abstract
During microbial infections, both innate and adaptive immunity are activated. Viruses and bacteria usually induce an acute inflammation in the first setting of infection, which helps the eliciting an effective immune response. In contrast, macroparasites such as helminths are a highly successful group of invaders known to be capable of maintaining a chronic infestation with the minimum instigation. Undoubtedly, generating such an immunoregulatory environment requires the exploitation of various immunosuppressive mechanisms to debilitate host immunity supporting their survival and replication. Several mechanisms have been recognized whereby helminths prolong their infections including an increase of immunoregulatory cells, inhibition of Th1 or Th2 responses, targeting pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and lowering the immune cells quantity via induction of apoptosis. Apoptosis is a programmed intracellular process involving a series of consecutive downstream signalling event evolved to cell death. It plays a pivotal role in several immunological reactions in particular deletion of autoreactive immune cells. Helminth-triggered apoptosis in immune cells exhausts host immunity, which paves the way for generating a permissive environment and chronic infection. This review provides a compilation of recent investigations discussing the apoptotic mechanisms exploited by different worms and the immunological consequences of immune cell death. Finally, the anti-cancer effects of some worm-derived molecules due to their apoptotic effects are discussed, highlighting as potentially druggable candidates to combat cancer.
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Fusaric Acid immunotoxicity and MAPK activation in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells and Thp-1 cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3051. [PMID: 28596589 PMCID: PMC5465181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusaric acid (FA), a food-borne mycotoxin, is a potent divalent metal chelator. The human immune system is complex and susceptible to environmental insult however, the immunotoxity of FA remains unknown. We investigated the immunotoxicity of FA on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and Thp-1 cells. FA was cytotoxic to PBMCs (IC50-240.8 μg/ml) and Thp-1 (IC50-107.7 μg/ml) cells at 24 h. FA induced early apoptosis but significantly decreased caspase activity in PBMCs, a characteristic of paraptosis. In Thp-1 cells, FA induced apoptosis and increased caspase -9 and -3/7 activities. In PBMCs, FA maintained mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased protein expression of Bax whilst increasing expression of p-Bcl-2; FA induced oxidative stress and depleted ATP levels in both cell types. In Thp-1 cells, FA increased mitochondrial membrane depolarization and decreased p-Bcl-2 expression. In PBMCs, FA significantly up-regulated the MAPK protein expression of p-ERK and p-JNK but down-regulated p-p38 expression. In Thp-1 cells, FA up-regulated MAPK protein expression of p-ERK whilst p-JNK and p-p38 expression were down-regulated. In conclusion FA induced programmed cell death and altered MAPK signaling in healthy PBMCs and Thp-1 cells strongly suggesting a possible mechanism of FA induced immunotoxicity in vitro.
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Porphyromonas gingivalis gingipains cause defective macrophage migration towards apoptotic cells and inhibit phagocytosis of primary apoptotic neutrophils. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2644. [PMID: 28252646 PMCID: PMC5386511 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition characterised by an aberrant host response to a pathogenic plaque biofilm resulting in local tissue damage and frustrated healing that can result in tooth loss. Cysteine proteases (gingipains) from the key periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis have been implicated in periodontal disease pathogenesis by inhibiting inflammation resolution and are linked with systemic chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. Efficient clearance of apoptotic cells is essential for the resolution of inflammation and tissue restoration. Here we sought to characterise the innate immune clearance of apoptotic cells and its modulation by gingipains. We examined the capacity of gingipain-treated macrophages to migrate towards and phagocytose apoptotic cells. Lysine gingipain treatment of macrophages impaired macrophage migration towards apoptotic neutrophils. Furthermore, lysine gingipain treatment reduced surface expression levels of CD14, a key macrophage receptor for apoptotic cells, which resulted in reduced macrophage interactions with apoptotic cells. Additionally, while apoptotic cells and their derived secretome were shown to inhibit TNF-α-induced expression by P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide, we demonstrated that gingipain preparations induced a rapid inflammatory response in macrophages that was resistant to the anti-inflammatory effects of apoptotic cells or their secretome. Taken together, these data indicate that P. gingivalis may promote the chronic inflammation seen in periodontal disease patients by multiple mechanisms, including rapid, potent gingipain-mediated inflammation, coupled with receptor cleavage leading to defective clearance of apoptotic cells and reduced anti-inflammatory responses. Thus, gingipains represent a potential therapeutic target for intervention in the management of chronic periodontal disease.
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More Bayona JA, Karuppannan AK, Trites MJ, Barreda DR. Application of imaging flow cytometry for characterization of acute inflammation in non-classical animal model systems. Methods 2017; 112:167-174. [PMID: 27327146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytes display marked heterogeneity in their capacity to induce and control acute inflammation. This has a significant impact on the effectiveness of antimicrobial immune responses at different tissue sites as well as their predisposition for inflammation-associated pathology. Imaging flow cytometry provides novel opportunities for characterization of these phagocyte populations through high spatial resolution, statistical robustness, and a broad range of quantitative morphometric cell analysis tools. This study highlights an integrative approach that brings together new tools in imaging flow cytometry with conventional methodologies for characterization of phagocyte responses during acute inflammation. We focus on a comparative avian in vivo challenge model to showcase the added depth gained through these novel quantitative multiparametric approaches even in the absence of antibody-based cellular markers. Our characterization of acute inflammation in this model shows significant conservation of phagocytic capacity among avian phagocytes compared to other animal models. However, it also highlights evolutionary divergence with regards to phagocyte inflammation control mechanisms based on the internalization of apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A More Bayona
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Anbu K Karuppannan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Michael J Trites
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Daniel R Barreda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada.
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29
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Chen Q, Chen J, Chen J, Lu XJ. Molecular and functional characterization of liver X receptor in ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis: Regulator of inflammation and efferocytosis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 65:358-368. [PMID: 27539204 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXR) are modulators of metabolic processes and inflammation in mammals as nuclear receptors. However, the precise function of LXR in teleosts remains unclear. Here, we characterized a LXR gene (PaLXR) from ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis. The PaLXR transcript was expressed widely in all tissues studied, and changes in expression were observed in tissues and monocytes/macrophages (MO/MΦ) upon infection with the bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri. PaLXR activation decreased the mRNA expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-10 upon E. ictaluri infection, while their expression was increased following the knockdown of PaLXR by siRNA. Moreover, E. ictaluri infection induced the apoptosis of ayu neutrophils and PaLXR activation enhanced the internalization of E. ictaluri-infected apoptotic neutrophils by MO/MΦ (efferocytosis), while PaLXR knockdown led to decreased efferocytosis. Furthermore, PaLXR activation inhibited intracellular bacterial survival during efferocytosis, while PaLXR knockdown enhanced survival. In conclusion, our results indicate that PaLXR plays a role in the modulation of innate immune responses in ayu MO/MФ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; The Donghai Sea Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrial Upgrading Mariculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; The Donghai Sea Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrial Upgrading Mariculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; The Donghai Sea Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrial Upgrading Mariculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Xin-Jiang Lu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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30
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Eligini S, Fiorelli S, Tremoli E, Colli S. Inhibition of transglutaminase 2 reduces efferocytosis in human macrophages: Role of CD14 and SR-AI receptors. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:922-930. [PMID: 27378395 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2), a member of the transglutaminase family of enzymes, is a multifunctional protein involved in numerous events spanning from cell differentiation, to signal transduction, apoptosis, and wound healing. It is expressed in a variety of cells, macrophages included. Macrophage TGM2 promotes the clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) and emerging evidence suggests that defective efferocytosis contributes to the consequences of inflammation-associated diseases, including atherosclerotic lesion progression and its sequelae. Of interest, active TGM2 identified in human atherosclerotic lesions plays critical roles in plaque stability through effects on matrix cross-linking and TGFβ activity. This study explores the mechanisms by which TGM2 controls efferocytosis in human macrophages. METHODS AND RESULTS Herein we show that TGM2 increases progressively during monocyte differentiation towards macrophages and controls their efferocytic potential as well as morphology and viability. Two experimental approaches that took advantage of the inhibition of TGM2 activity and protein silencing give proof that TGM2 reduction significantly impairs macrophage efferocytosis. Among the mechanisms involved we highlighted a role of the receptors CD14 and SR-AI whose levels were markedly reduced by TGM2 inhibition. Conversely, CD36 receptor and αvβ3 integrin levels were not influenced. Of note, lipid accumulation and IL-10 secretion were reduced in macrophages displaying defective efferocytosis. CONCLUSION Overall, our data define a crucial role of TGM2 activity during macrophage differentiation via mechanisms involving CD14 and SR-AI receptors and show that TGM2 inhibition triggers a pro-inflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Eligini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy.
| | - S Fiorelli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy
| | - E Tremoli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy
| | - S Colli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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31
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Jiang P, Gan M, Yen SH, Moussaud S, McLean PJ, Dickson DW. Proaggregant nuclear factor(s) trigger rapid formation of α-synuclein aggregates in apoptotic neurons. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 132:77-91. [PMID: 26839082 PMCID: PMC4911378 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell transmission of α-synuclein (αS) aggregates has been proposed to be responsible for progressive αS pathology in Parkinson disease (PD) and related disorders, including dementia with Lewy bodies. In support of this concept, a growing body of in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence shows that exogenously introduced αS aggregates can spread into surrounding cells and trigger PD-like pathology. It remains to be determined what factor(s) lead to initiation of αS aggregation that is capable of seeding subsequent propagation. In this study we demonstrate that filamentous αS aggregates form in neurons in response to apoptosis induced by staurosporine or other toxins-6-hydroxy-dopamine and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). Interaction between αS and proaggregant nuclear factor(s) is associated with disruption of nuclear envelope integrity. Knocking down a key nuclear envelop constituent protein, lamin B1, enhances αS aggregation. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo experimental models demonstrate that aggregates released upon cell breakdown can be taken up by surrounding cells. Accordingly, we suggest that at least some αS aggregation might be related to neuronal apoptosis or loss of nuclear membrane integrity, exposing cytosolic α-synuclein to proaggregant nuclear factors. These findings provide new clues to the pathogenesis of PD and related disorders that can lead to novel treatments of these disorders. Specifically, finding ways to limit the effects of apoptosis on αS aggregation, deposition, local uptake and subsequent propagation might significantly impact progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhou Jiang
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Ming Gan
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Shu-Hui Yen
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Simon Moussaud
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Pamela J McLean
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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Padalino MA, Castaldi B, Fedrigo M, Gallo M, Zucchetta F, Vida VL, Milanesi O, Angelini A, Stellin G. Porcine Intestinal Submucosa (CorMatrix) for Semilunar Valve Repair in Children: A Word of Caution After Midterm Results. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 28:436-445. [PMID: 28043457 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surgery for congenital valve anomalies in children is a challenging topic. We aim to assess early and late functional outcomes of CorMatrix scaffold after repair of aortic and pulmonary valves (PV) in congenital heart disease in a prospective nonrandomized clinical study on children with congenital aortic (Group 1) or PV (Group 2) disease. Primary endpoints were reoperation or reintervention on semilunar valves and echocardiographic evidence of regurgitation or stenosis greater than mild. Results of PV repair in tetralogy of Fallot were compared with a control group of patients who underwent PV repair with polytetrafluoroethylene. A total of 22 consecutive selected patients with complex congenital heart disease were included: PV repair in 18 and aortic valve repair in 4. At discharge bidimensional echocardiography, semilunar valve regurgitation was mild in 50% of all patients. At a median follow-up of 23 months (4.3-51.3), reoperation for aortic valve replacement was necessary in 2; right ventricular outflow tract obstruction occurred in 3, requiring interventional treatment in 2. Pulmonary regurgitation degree worsened in most patients of Group 2 at follow up. When comparing patients with tetralogy of Fallot in Group 2 with patients who underwent PV repair with polytetrafluoroethylene, there were no significant differences in PV function at follow up. We conclude that CorMatrix scaffold for semilunar valve reconstruction does not present with significant advantages to traditional materials at mid term follow up. In addition, when used for pulmonary valve reconstruction, CorMatrix seems to show gradual functional deterioration in the mid term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo A Padalino
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Biagio Castaldi
- Department of Woman and Child׳s Health, School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marny Fedrigo
- Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Gallo
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Zucchetta
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vladimiro L Vida
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ornella Milanesi
- Department of Woman and Child׳s Health, School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Angelini
- Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stellin
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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de Torre-Minguela C, Barberà-Cremades M, Gómez AI, Martín-Sánchez F, Pelegrín P. Macrophage activation and polarization modify P2X7 receptor secretome influencing the inflammatory process. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22586. [PMID: 26935289 PMCID: PMC4776275 DOI: 10.1038/srep22586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) on M1 polarized macrophages induces the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the establishment of the inflammatory response. However, P2X7R signaling to the NLRP3 inflammasome is uncoupled on M2 macrophages without changes on receptor activation. In this study, we analyzed P2X7R secretome in wild-type and P2X7R-deficient macrophages polarized either to M1 or M2 and proved that proteins released after P2X7R stimulation goes beyond caspase-1 secretome. The characterization of P2X7R-secretome reveals a new function of this receptor through a fine-tuning of protein release. We found that P2X7R stimulation in macrophages is able to release potent anti-inflammatory proteins, such as Annexin A1, independently of their polarization state suggesting for first time a potential role for P2X7R during resolution of the inflammation and not linked to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results are of prime importance for the development of therapeutics targeting P2X7R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos de Torre-Minguela
- Inflammation and Experimental Surgery Unit, CIBERehd, Murcia's BioHealth Research Institute IMIB-Arrixaca, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Barberà-Cremades
- Inflammation and Experimental Surgery Unit, CIBERehd, Murcia's BioHealth Research Institute IMIB-Arrixaca, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana I Gómez
- Inflammation and Experimental Surgery Unit, CIBERehd, Murcia's BioHealth Research Institute IMIB-Arrixaca, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Fátima Martín-Sánchez
- Inflammation and Experimental Surgery Unit, CIBERehd, Murcia's BioHealth Research Institute IMIB-Arrixaca, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Inflammation and Experimental Surgery Unit, CIBERehd, Murcia's BioHealth Research Institute IMIB-Arrixaca, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
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Pararasa C, Ikwuobe J, Shigdar S, Boukouvalas A, Nabney IT, Brown JE, Devitt A, Bailey CJ, Bennett SJ, Griffiths HR. Age-associated changes in long-chain fatty acid profile during healthy aging promote pro-inflammatory monocyte polarization via PPARγ. Aging Cell 2016; 15:128-39. [PMID: 26522807 PMCID: PMC4717269 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in lipid metabolism associate with age‐related disease development and lifespan. Inflammation is a common link between metabolic dysregulation and aging. Saturated fatty acids (FAs) initiate pro‐inflammatory signalling from many cells including monocytes; however, no existing studies have quantified age‐associated changes in individual FAs in relation to inflammatory phenotype. Therefore, we have determined the plasma concentrations of distinct FAs by gas chromatography in 26 healthy younger individuals (age < 30 years) and 21 healthy FA individuals (age > 50 years). Linear mixed models were used to explore the association between circulating FAs, age and cytokines. We showed that plasma saturated, poly‐ and mono‐unsaturated FAs increase with age. Circulating TNF‐α and IL‐6 concentrations increased with age, whereas IL‐10 and TGF‐β1 concentrations decreased. Oxidation of MitoSOX Red was higher in leucocytes from FA adults, and plasma oxidized glutathione concentrations were higher. There was significant colinearity between plasma saturated FAs, indicative of their metabolic relationships. Higher levels of the saturated FAs C18:0 and C24:0 were associated with lower TGF‐β1 concentrations, and higher C16:0 were associated with higher TNF‐α concentrations. We further examined effects of the aging FA profile on monocyte polarization and metabolism in THP1 monocytes. Monocytes preincubated with C16:0 increased secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in response to phorbol myristate acetate‐induced differentiation through ceramide‐dependent inhibition of PPARγ activity. Conversely, C18:1 primed a pro‐resolving macrophage which was PPARγ dependent and ceramide dependent and which required oxidative phosphorylation. These data suggest that a midlife adult FA profile impairs the switch from proinflammatory to lower energy, requiring anti‐inflammatory macrophages through metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathyan Pararasa
- Life & Health Sciences Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - John Ikwuobe
- Life & Health Sciences Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | | | | | - Ian T. Nabney
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - James E. Brown
- Life & Health Sciences Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - Andrew Devitt
- Life & Health Sciences Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - Clifford J. Bailey
- Life & Health Sciences Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | | | - Helen R. Griffiths
- Life & Health Sciences Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
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Miller KJ, Raulefs S, Kong B, Steiger K, Regel I, Gewies A, Kleeff J, Michalski CW. Loss of Ifnar1 in Pancreatic Acinar Cells Ameliorates the Disease Course of Acute Pancreatitis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143735. [PMID: 26618925 PMCID: PMC4664425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon constitutes an essential component of the combinational therapy against viral disease. Acute pancreatitis is one side effect of type I interferon-based therapy, implying that activation of type I interferon signaling affects the homeostasis and integrity of pancreatic acinar cells. Here, we investigated the role of type I interferon signaling in pancreatic acinar cells using a caerulein-induced murine model of acute pancreatitis. Pancreas-specific ablation of interferon (alpha and beta) receptor 1 (Ifnar1) partially protected animals from caerulein-induced pancreatitis, as demonstrated by reduced tissue damage. Profiling of infiltrating immune cells revealed that this dampened tissue damage response correlated with the number of macrophages in the pancreas. Pharmacologic depletion of macrophages reversed the protective effect of Ifnar1 deficiency. Furthermore, expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (Ccl2), a potent factor for macrophage recruitment, was significantly increased in the Ifnar1-deficient pancreas. Thus, type I interferon signaling in pancreatic acinar cells controls pancreatic homeostasis by affecting the macrophage-mediated inflammatory response in the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanne Raulefs
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bo Kong
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ivonne Regel
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Gewies
- Institute für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Kleeff
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Zhu H, Fang X, Zhang D, Wu W, Shao M, Wang L, Gu J. Membrane-bound heat shock proteins facilitate the uptake of dying cells and cross-presentation of cellular antigen. Apoptosis 2015; 21:96-109. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Lovelace MD, Gu BJ, Eamegdool SS, Weible MW, Wiley JS, Allen DG, Chan-Ling T. P2X7 receptors mediate innate phagocytosis by human neural precursor cells and neuroblasts. Stem Cells 2015; 33:526-41. [PMID: 25336287 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
During early human neurogenesis there is overproduction of neuroblasts and neurons accompanied by widespread programmed cell death (PCD). While it is understood that CD68(+) microglia and astrocytes mediate phagocytosis during target-dependent PCD, little is known of the cell identity or the scavenger molecules used to remove apoptotic corpses during the earliest stages of human neurogenesis. Using a combination of multiple-marker immunohistochemical staining, functional blocking antibodies and antagonists, we showed that human neural precursor cells (hNPCs) and neuroblasts express functional P2X7 receptors. Furthermore, using live-cell imaging, flow cytometry, phagocytic assays, and siRNA knockdown, we showed that in a serum-free environment, doublecortin(+) (DCX) neuroblasts and hNPCs can clear apoptotic cells by innate phagocytosis mediated via P2X7. We found that both P2X7(high) DCX(low) hNPCs and P2X7(high) DCX(high) neuroblasts, derived from primary cultures of human fetal telencephalon, phagocytosed targets including latex beads, apoptotic ReNcells, and apoptotic hNPC/neuroblasts. Pretreatment of neuroblasts and hNPCs with 1 mM adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 100 µM OxATP (P2X7 antagonist), or siRNA knockdown of P2X7 inhibited phagocytosis of these targets. Our results show that P2X7 functions as a scavenger receptor under serum-free conditions resembling those in early neurogenesis. This is the first demonstration that hNPCs and neuroblasts may participate in clearance of apoptotic corpses during pre target-dependent neurogenesis and mediate phagocytosis using P2X7 as a scavenger receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Lovelace
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Tower J. Programmed cell death in aging. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 23:90-100. [PMID: 25862945 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) pathways, including apoptosis and regulated necrosis, are required for normal cell turnover and tissue homeostasis. Mis-regulation of PCD is increasingly implicated in aging and aging-related disease. During aging the cell turnover rate declines for several highly-mitotic tissues. Aging-associated disruptions in systemic and inter-cell signaling combined with cell-autonomous damage and mitochondrial malfunction result in increased PCD in some cell types, and decreased PCD in other cell types. Increased PCD during aging is implicated in immune system decline, skeletal muscle wasting (sarcopenia), loss of cells in the heart, and neurodegenerative disease. In contrast, cancer cells and senescent cells are resistant to PCD, enabling them to increase in abundance during aging. PCD pathways limit life span in fungi, but whether PCD pathways normally limit adult metazoan life span is not yet clear. PCD is regulated by a balance of negative and positive factors, including the mitochondria, which are particularly subject to aging-associated malfunction.
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39
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Regulatory dendritic cells in autoimmunity: A comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2015; 63:1-12. [PMID: 26255250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) with significant phenotypic heterogeneity and functional plasticity. DCs play crucial roles in initiating effective adaptive immune responses for elimination of invading pathogens and also in inducing immune tolerance toward harmless components to maintain immune homeostasis. The regulatory capacity of DCs depends on their immature state and distinct subsets, yet not restricted to the immature state and one specialized subset. The tolerogenicity of DC is controlled by a complex network of environmental signals and cellular intrinsic mechanisms. Regulatory DCs play an important role in the maintenance of immunological tolerance via the induction of T cell unresponsiveness or apoptosis, and generation of regulatory T cells. DCs play essential roles in driving autoimmunity via promoting the activation of effector T cells such as T helper 1 and T helper 17 cells, and/or suppressing the generation of regulatory T cells. Besides, a breakdown of DCs-mediated tolerance due to abnormal environmental signals or breakdown of intrinsic regulatory mechanisms is closely linked with the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Novel immunotherapy taking advantage of the tolerogenic potential of regulatory DCs is being developed for treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we will describe the current understanding on the generation of regulatory DC and the role of regulatory DCs in promoting tolerogenic immune responses and suppressing autoimmune responses. The emerging roles of DCs dysfunction in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and the potential application of regulatory DCs in the treatment of autoimmune diseases will also be discussed.
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Yang M, Liu J, Piao C, Shao J, Du J. ICAM-1 suppresses tumor metastasis by inhibiting macrophage M2 polarization through blockade of efferocytosis. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1780. [PMID: 26068788 PMCID: PMC4669827 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Efficient clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) can profoundly influence tumor-specific immunity. Tumor-associated macrophages are M2-polarized macrophages that promote key processes in tumor progression. Efferocytosis stimulates M2 macrophage polarization and contributes to cancer metastasis, but the signaling mechanism underlying this process is unclear. Intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, which has been implicated in mediating cell–cell interaction and outside-in cell signaling during the immune response. We report that ICAM-1 expression is inversely associated with macrophage infiltration and the metastasis index in human colon tumors by combining Oncomine database analysis and immunohistochemistry for ICAM-1. Using a colon cancer liver metastasis model in ICAM-1-deficient (ICAM-1−/−) mice and their wild-type littermates, we found that loss of ICAM-1 accelerated liver metastasis of colon carcinoma cells. Moreover, ICAM-1 deficiency increased M2 macrophage polarization during tumor progression. We further demonstrated that ICAM-1 deficiency in macrophages led to promotion of efferocytosis of apoptotic tumor cells through activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/Akt signaling pathway. More importantly, coculture of ICAM-1−/− macrophages with apoptotic cancer cells resulted in an increase of M2-like macrophages, which was blocked by an efferocytosis inhibitor. Our findings demonstrate a novel role for ICAM-1 in suppressing M2 macrophage polarization via downregulation of efferocytosis in the tumor microenvironment, thereby inhibiting metastatic tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yang
- 1] Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing collaborative innovative research center for cardiovascular diseases, Beijing, China
| | - J Liu
- 1] Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing collaborative innovative research center for cardiovascular diseases, Beijing, China
| | - C Piao
- 1] Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing collaborative innovative research center for cardiovascular diseases, Beijing, China
| | - J Shao
- Second Affiliated Hospital to Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - J Du
- 1] Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing collaborative innovative research center for cardiovascular diseases, Beijing, China
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Dahlmann F, Biedenkopf N, Babler A, Jahnen-Dechent W, Karsten CB, Gnirß K, Schneider H, Wrensch F, O'Callaghan CA, Bertram S, Herrler G, Becker S, Pöhlmann S, Hofmann-Winkler H. Analysis of Ebola Virus Entry Into Macrophages. J Infect Dis 2015; 212 Suppl 2:S247-57. [PMID: 25877552 PMCID: PMC4564540 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebolaviruses constitute a public health threat, particularly in Central and Western Africa. Host cell factors required for spread of ebolaviruses may serve as targets for antiviral intervention. Lectins, TAM receptor tyrosine kinases (Tyro3, Axl, Mer), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM) proteins, integrins, and Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) have been reported to promote entry of ebolaviruses into certain cellular systems. However, the factors used by ebolaviruses to invade macrophages, major viral targets, are poorly defined. Here, we show that mannose-specific lectins, TIM-1 and Axl augment entry into certain cell lines but do not contribute to Ebola virus (EBOV)-glycoprotein (GP)-driven transduction of macrophages. In contrast, expression of Mer, integrin αV, and NPC1 was required for efficient GP-mediated transduction and EBOV infection of macrophages. These results define cellular factors hijacked by EBOV for entry into macrophages and, considering that Mer and integrin αV promote phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, support the concept that EBOV relies on apoptotic mimicry to invade target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne Babler
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University
| | | | - Christina B Karsten
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Göttingen Institutes for Cellular Chemistry
| | - Kerstin Gnirß
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Göttingen
| | | | | | | | | | - Georg Herrler
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
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Ballantine L, Midgley A, Harris D, Richards E, Burgess S, Beresford MW. Increased soluble phagocytic receptors sMer, sTyro3 and sAxl and reduced phagocytosis in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2015; 13:10. [PMID: 25878564 PMCID: PMC4397859 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-015-0007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TAM-receptor tyrosine kinase family, Tyro3, Axl and Mer are key to apoptotic cell clearance. Reduced phagocytic clearance in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) leads to prolonged exposure of nuclear autoantigen to the immune system. Here we measure the levels of TAM receptors and the phagocytic capacity of monocytes and macrophages in juvenile-onset SLE (JSLE). METHOD Mer protein was measured on monocytes from JSLE, healthy control and JIA patients. JSLE, healthy control and JIA patients' plasma were analysed for soluble Mer (sMer), soluble Tyro3 (sTyro) and soluble Axl (sAxl). A phagocytosis assay measured the effect of JSLE serum on phagocytic potential of JSLE and control monocytes to engulf E. Coli bacteria and healthy macrophages to engulf apoptotic neutrophils. RESULTS Mer receptor expression was significantly decreased on JSLE monocytes compared to healthy controls. Plasma sMer, sTyro and sAxl were significantly increased in JSLE patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). Adult healthy control macrophages had significantly decreased phagocytosis of E. Coli and apoptotic neutrophils in the presence of 10% JSLE serum compared to control serum (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION JSLE patients have a decreased phagocytosis due to both serum and cell-derived factors. Significantly increased levels of sMer, sTyro3 and sAxl may be important factors contributing to the deficit in phagocytosis ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Ballantine
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP UK
| | - Angela Midgley
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP UK
| | - David Harris
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP UK
| | - Ella Richards
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP UK
| | - Sarah Burgess
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP UK
| | - Michael W Beresford
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP UK
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43
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Gerits N, Johannessen M, Tümmler C, Walquist M, Kostenko S, Snapkov I, van Loon B, Ferrari E, Hübscher U, Moens U. Agnoprotein of polyomavirus BK interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and inhibits DNA replication. Virol J 2015; 12:7. [PMID: 25638270 PMCID: PMC4318453 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-014-0220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human polyomavirus BK expresses a 66 amino-acid peptide referred to as agnoprotein. Though mutants lacking agnoprotein are severely reduced in producing infectious virions, the exact function of this peptide remains incompletely understood. To elucidate the function of agnoprotein, we searched for novel cellular interaction partners. Methods Yeast-two hybrid assay was performed with agnoprotein as bait against human kidney and thymus libraries. The interaction between agnoprotein and putative partners was further examined by GST pull down, co-immunoprecipitation, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies. Biochemical and biological studies were performed to examine the functional implication of the interaction of agnoprotein with cellular target proteins. Results Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), which acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase δ, was identified as an interaction partner. The interaction between agnoprotein and PCNA is direct and occurs also in human cells. Agnoprotein exerts an inhibitory effect on PCNA-dependent DNA synthesis in vitro and reduces cell proliferation when ectopically expressed. Overexpression of PCNA restores agnoprotein-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation. Conclusion Our data suggest that PCNA is a genuine interaction partner of agnoprotein and the inhibitory effect on PCNA-dependent DNA synthesis by the agnoprotein may play a role in switching off (viral) DNA replication late in the viral replication cycle when assembly of replicated genomes and synthesized viral capsid proteins occurs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-014-0220-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ugo Moens
- UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Biology, Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Tromsø NO-9037, Norway.
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Transglutaminase 2 interacts with syndecan-4 and CD44 at the surface of human macrophages to promote removal of apoptotic cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:201-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Baxter AE, Russell RA, Duncan CJA, Moore MD, Willberg CB, Pablos JL, Finzi A, Kaufmann DE, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes JC, Groot F, Sattentau QJ. Macrophage infection via selective capture of HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells. Cell Host Microbe 2014; 16:711-21. [PMID: 25467409 PMCID: PMC4271767 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages contribute to HIV-1 pathogenesis by forming a viral reservoir and mediating neurological disorders. Cell-free HIV-1 infection of macrophages is inefficient, in part due to low plasma membrane expression of viral entry receptors. We find that macrophages selectively capture and engulf HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells leading to efficient macrophage infection. Infected T cells, both healthy and dead or dying, were taken up through viral envelope glycoprotein-receptor-independent interactions, implying a mechanism distinct from conventional virological synapse formation. Macrophages infected by this cell-to-cell route were highly permissive for both CCR5-using macrophage-tropic and otherwise weakly macrophage-tropic transmitted/founder viruses but restrictive for nonmacrophage-tropic CXCR4-using virus. These results have implications for establishment of the macrophage reservoir and HIV-1 dissemination in vivo. Macrophages selectively capture and engulf HIV-1-infected T cells Uptake of HIV-1-infected T cells drives efficient macrophage infection T cell capture is viral Env independent; macrophage infection is Env-receptor dependent This represents a route for macrophage infection by transmitted/founder viruses
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Baxter
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H2X 0A9, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Rebecca A Russell
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Christopher J A Duncan
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Michael D Moore
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Christian B Willberg
- The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Nuffield Department of Medicine, The University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jose L Pablos
- Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infection and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel E Kaufmann
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H2X 0A9, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H2X 0A9, Canada; The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02114, USA
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - John C Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Fedde Groot
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Quentin J Sattentau
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.
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A cognitive computational model inspired by the immune system response. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:852181. [PMID: 25003131 PMCID: PMC4070499 DOI: 10.1155/2014/852181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The immune system has a cognitive ability to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy cells. The immune system response (ISR) is stimulated by a disorder in the temporary fuzzy state that is oscillating between the healthy and unhealthy states. However, modeling the immune system is an enormous challenge; the paper introduces an extensive summary of how the immune system response functions, as an overview of a complex topic, to present the immune system as a cognitive intelligent agent. The homogeneity and perfection of the natural immune system have been always standing out as the sought-after model we attempted to imitate while building our proposed model of cognitive architecture. The paper divides the ISR into four logical phases: setting a computational architectural diagram for each phase, proceeding from functional perspectives (input, process, and output), and their consequences. The proposed architecture components are defined by matching biological operations with computational functions and hence with the framework of the paper. On the other hand, the architecture focuses on the interoperability of main theoretical immunological perspectives (classic, cognitive, and danger theory), as related to computer science terminologies. The paper presents a descriptive model of immune system, to figure out the nature of response, deemed to be intrinsic for building a hybrid computational model based on a cognitive intelligent agent perspective and inspired by the natural biology. To that end, this paper highlights the ISR phases as applied to a case study on hepatitis C virus, meanwhile illustrating our proposed architecture perspective.
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A non-canonical function of eukaryotic elongation factor 1A1: Regulation of interleukin-6 expression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:965-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Grönwall C, Silverman GJ. Natural IgM: beneficial autoantibodies for the control of inflammatory and autoimmune disease. J Clin Immunol 2014; 34 Suppl 1:S12-21. [PMID: 24691998 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-014-0025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural IgM are highly represented in the circulation at birth, and these often autoreactive antibodies have been postulated to have innate-like properties and play crucial roles in apoptotic cell clearance, tissue homeostasis, and immune modulation. This review summarizes the known properties of these IgM autoantibodies, and the evidence that these anti-apoptotic cell IgM natural antibodies can regulate inflammatory responses through ancient pathways of the innate immune system that first arose long before the initial emergence of the adaptive immune system. While the regulatory contributions of these natural IgM autoantibodies are certainly not an essential and fundamental component of host defenses, these provide an additional layer to further protect the host. More importantly, these IgM antibody responses are highly inducible and their up-regulation can be a powerful means for the host to survive in a setting of chronic inflammation. The observed beneficial clinical associations for cardiovascular disease and autoimmunity, as well as opportunities for potential therapeutic implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Grönwall
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA,
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50
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Barreda DR, Konowalchuk JD, Rieger AM, Wong ME, Havixbeck JJ. Triennial Growth Symposium--Novel roles for vitamin D in animal immunity and health. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:930-8. [PMID: 24665105 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen significant advances in the generation, validation, and implementation of nutritional supplements for food production animals. Examination of their impact on animal performance and health requires collaboration among animal scientists, nutritionists, biochemists, immunologists, veterinarians, and others. Each provides a unique perspective on the mechanisms of action, short and long-term impacts, and most effective strategies for implementation into continuously evolving industrial practices. In this review we provide a comparative immunology perspective on the impact of vitamin D on animal performance and health, describe the differential contributions of vitamin D3 and of a commercial hydroxylated version of vitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3 or HyD) to swine immunity, and highlight recent advances in the technologies that can be used to dissect the cellular and molecular mechanisms that impact production animal immunity and health. Among others, we pay particular attention to how these novel approaches help decrease the variability often observed in immune-associated datasets. From a practical perspective, this is critical for evaluation of in vivo effects for this nutritional supplement as small but meaningful changes to specific immune responses are typical under normal physiological conditions. Furthermore, as the range of reagents and technologies expands for comparative animal models, it is imperative that continued efforts are placed on the capacity to compare results across different experimental platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Barreda
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science
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