1
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Kise R, Inoue A. GPCR signaling bias: an emerging framework for opioid drug development. J Biochem 2024; 175:367-376. [PMID: 38308136 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Biased signaling, also known as functional selectivity, has emerged as an important concept in drug development targeting G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Drugs that provoke biased signaling are expected to offer an opportunity for enhanced therapeutic effectiveness with minimized side effects. Opioid analgesics, whilst exerting potent pain-relieving effects, have become a social problem owing to their serious side effects. For the development of safer pain medications, there has been extensive exploration of agonists with a distinct balance of G-protein and β-arrestin (βarr) signaling. Recently, several approaches based on protein-protein interactions have been developed to precisely evaluate individual signal pathways, paving the way for the comprehensive analysis of biased signals. In this review, we describe an overview of bias signaling in opioid receptors, especially the μ-opioid receptor (MOR), and how to evaluate signaling bias in the GPCR field. We also discuss future directions for rational drug development through the integration of diverse signal datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Kise
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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2
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Ali M, Wani SUD, Dey T, Sridhar SB, Qadrie ZL. A common molecular and cellular pathway in developing Alzheimer and cancer. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 37:101625. [PMID: 38225990 PMCID: PMC10788207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two major diseases and still, there is no clearly defined molecular mechanism. There is an opposite relation between cancer and AD which are the proportion of emerging cancer was importantly slower in AD patients, whereas slow emerging AD in patients with cancer. In cancer, regulation of cell mechanisms is interrupted by an increase in cell survival and proliferation, while on the contrary, AD is related to augmented neuronal death, that may be either produced by or associated with amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau deposition. Stated that the probability that disruption of mechanisms takes part in the regulation of cell survival/death and might be implicated in both diseases. The mechanism of actions such as DNA-methylation, genetic polymorphisms, or another mechanism of actions that induce alteration in the action of drugs with significant roles in resolving the finding to repair and live or die might take part in the pathogenesis of these two ailments. The functions of miRNA, p53, Pin1, the Wnt signaling pathway, PI3 KINASE/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway GRK2 signaling pathway, and the pathophysiological role of oxidative stress are presented in this review as potential candidates which hypothetically describe inverse relations between cancer and AD. Innovative materials almost mutual mechanisms in the aetiology of cancer and AD advocates novel treatment approaches. Among these treatment strategies, the most promising use treatment such as tyrosine kinase inhibitor, nilotinib, protein kinase C, and bexarotene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G Nagar, Nagamagala, Bellur, Karnataka, 571418, India
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, East Point College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, 560049, India
| | - Shahid Ud Din Wani
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Tathagata Dey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, East Point College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, 560049, India
| | - Sathvik B. Sridhar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, RAK College of Pharmacy, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, PO Box 11172, United Arab Emirates
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3
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Casella B, Farmer JP, Nesheva DN, Williams HEL, Charlton SJ, Holliday ND, Laughton CA, Mistry SN. Design, Synthesis, and Application of Fluorescent Ligands Targeting the Intracellular Allosteric Binding Site of the CXC Chemokine Receptor 2. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12911-12930. [PMID: 37523859 PMCID: PMC10544029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), a key inflammatory mediator, is a potential strategy in the treatment of several pulmonary diseases and cancers. The complexity of endogenous chemokine interaction with the orthosteric binding site has led to the development of CXCR2 negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) targeting an intracellular pocket near the G protein binding site. Our understanding of NAM binding and mode of action has been limited by the availability of suitable tracer ligands for competition studies, allowing direct ligand binding measurements. Here, we report the rational design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of a series of fluorescent NAMs, based on navarixin (2), which display high affinity and preferential binding for CXCR2 over CXCR1. We demonstrate their application in fluorescence imaging and NanoBRET binding assays, in whole cells or membranes, capable of kinetic and equilibrium analysis of NAM binding, providing a platform to screen for alternative chemophores targeting these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca
Maria Casella
- Division
of Biomolecular Sciences and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - James P. Farmer
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, School
of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Desislava N. Nesheva
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, School
of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Huw E. L. Williams
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery
Institute, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Steven J. Charlton
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, School
of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- OMass
Therapeutics Ltd., Oxford OX4 2GX, UK
| | - Nicholas D. Holliday
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, School
of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Excellerate
Bioscience Ltd., Biocity, University of
Nottingham, Nottingham NG1 1GF, UK
| | - Charles A. Laughton
- Division
of Biomolecular Sciences and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Shailesh N. Mistry
- Division
of Biomolecular Sciences and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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4
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Huang T, Suzuki K, Kunitomo H, Tomioka M, Iino Y. Multiple p38/JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways mediate salt chemotaxis learning in C. elegans. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad129. [PMID: 37310929 PMCID: PMC10468299 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Animals are able to adapt their behaviors to the environment. In order to achieve this, the nervous system plays integrative roles, such as perception of external signals, sensory processing, and behavioral regulations via various signal transduction pathways. Here genetic analyses of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) found that mutants of components of JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, also known as stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) signaling pathways, exhibit various types of defects in the learning of salt chemotaxis. C. elegans homologs of JNK MAPKKK and MAPKK, MLK-1 and MEK-1, respectively, are required for avoidance of salt concentrations experienced during starvation. In contrast, homologs of p38 MAPKKK and MAPKK, NSY-1 and SEK-1, respectively, are required for high-salt chemotaxis after conditioning. Genetic interaction analyses suggest that a JNK family MAPK, KGB-1, functions downstream of both signaling pathways to regulate salt chemotaxis learning. Furthermore, we found that the NSY-1/SEK-1 pathway functions in sensory neurons, ASH, ADF, and ASER, to regulate the learned high-salt chemotaxis. A neuropeptide, NLP-3, expressed in ASH, ADF, and ASER neurons, and a neuropeptide receptor, NPR-15, expressed in AIA interneurons that receive synaptic input from these sensory neurons, function in the same genetic pathway as NSY-1/SEK-1 signaling. These findings suggest that this MAPK pathway may affect neuropeptide signaling between sensory neurons and interneurons, thus promoting high-salt chemotaxis after conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoruo Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kota Suzuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kunitomo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tomioka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuichi Iino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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5
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Liu H, Ma H, Zeng X, Wu C, Acharya S, Sudan SK, Zhang X. Ubiquitination of GRK2 Is Required for the β-Arrestin-Biased Signaling Pathway of Dopamine D2 Receptors to Activate ERK Kinases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10031. [PMID: 37373182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A class-A GPCR dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) plays a critical role in the proper functioning of neuronal circuits through the downstream activation of both G-protein- and β-arrestin-dependent signaling pathways. Understanding the signaling pathways downstream of D2R is critical for developing effective therapies with which to treat dopamine (DA)-related disorders such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Extensive studies have focused on the regulation of D2R-mediated extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 signaling; however, the manner in which ERKs are activated upon the stimulation of a specific signaling pathway of D2R remains unclear. The present study conducted a variety of experimental techniques, including loss-of-function experiments, site-directed mutagenesis, and the determination of protein interactions, in order to investigate the mechanisms underlying β-arrestin-biased signaling-pathway-mediated ERK activation. We found that the stimulation of the D2R β-arrestin signaling pathway caused Mdm2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, to move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and interact with tyrosine phosphorylated G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), which was facilitated by Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase. This interaction led to the ubiquitination of GRK2, which then moved to the plasma membrane and interacted with activated D2R, followed by the phosphorylation of D2R as well as the mediation of ERK activation. In conclusion, Mdm2-mediated GRK2 ubiquitination, which is selectively triggered by the stimulation of the D2R β-arrestin signaling pathway, is necessary for GRK2 membrane translocation and its interaction with D2R, which in turn mediates downstream ERK signaling. This study is primarily novel and provides essential information with which to better understand the detailed mechanisms of D2R-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Haixiang Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xingyue Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chengyan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Srijan Acharya
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Sarabjeet Kour Sudan
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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6
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Isaikina P, Petrovic I, Jakob RP, Sarma P, Ranjan A, Baruah M, Panwalkar V, Maier T, Shukla AK, Grzesiek S. A key GPCR phosphorylation motif discovered in arrestin2⋅CCR5 phosphopeptide complexes. Mol Cell 2023:S1097-2765(23)00326-X. [PMID: 37244255 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The two non-visual arrestins, arrestin2 and arrestin3, bind hundreds of GPCRs with different phosphorylation patterns, leading to distinct functional outcomes. Structural information on these interactions is available only for very few GPCRs. Here, we have characterized the interactions between the phosphorylated human CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) and arrestin2. We identified several new CCR5 phosphorylation sites necessary for stable arrestin2 complex formation. Structures of arrestin2 in the apo form and complexes with CCR5 C-terminal phosphopeptides, together with NMR, biochemical, and functional assays, revealed three phosphoresidues in a pXpp motif that are essential for arrestin2 binding and activation. The identified motif appears responsible for robust arrestin2 recruitment in many other GPCRs. An analysis of receptor sequences and available structural and functional information provides hints on the molecular basis of arrestin2/arrestin3 isoform specificity. Our findings demonstrate how multi-site phosphorylation controls GPCR⋅arrestin interactions and provide a framework to probe the intricate details of arrestin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Isaikina
- Focal Area Structural Biology and Biophysics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ivana Petrovic
- Focal Area Structural Biology and Biophysics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roman P Jakob
- Focal Area Structural Biology and Biophysics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Parishmita Sarma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ashutosh Ranjan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Minakshi Baruah
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Vineet Panwalkar
- Focal Area Structural Biology and Biophysics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timm Maier
- Focal Area Structural Biology and Biophysics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arun K Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India.
| | - Stephan Grzesiek
- Focal Area Structural Biology and Biophysics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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7
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Zeng Y, Suo C, Yao S, Lu D, Larsson H, D'Onofrio BM, Lichtenstein P, Fang F, Valdimarsdóttir UA, Song H. Genetic Associations Between Stress-Related Disorders and Autoimmune Disease. Am J Psychiatry 2023; 180:294-304. [PMID: 37002690 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20220364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Emerging evidence supports a bidirectional phenotypic association between stress-related disorders and autoimmune disease. However, the biological underpinnings remain unclear. Here, the authors examined whether and how shared genetics contribute to the observed phenotypic associations. Methods: Based on data from 4,123,631 individuals identified from Swedish nationwide registers, familial coaggregation of stress-related disorders (any disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) and autoimmune disease were initially estimated in seven cohorts with different degrees of kinship. Polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses were then performed with individual-level genotyping data from 376,871 participants in the UK Biobank study. Finally, genetic correlation analyses and enrichment analyses were performed with genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics. Results: Familial coaggregation analyses revealed decreasing odds of concurrence of stress-related disorders and autoimmune disease with descending kinship or genetic relatedness between pairs of relatives; adjusted odds ratios were 1.51 (95% CI=1.09–2.07), 1.28 (95% CI=0.97–1.68), 1.16 (95% CI=1.14–1.18), and 1.01 (95% CI=0.98–1.03) for monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins, full siblings, and half cousins, respectively. Statistically significant positive associations were observed between PRSs of stress-related disorders and autoimmune disease, as well as between PRSs of autoimmune disease and stress-related disorders. GWAS summary statistics revealed a genetic correlation of 0.26 (95% CI=0.14–0.38) between these two phenotypes and identified 10 common genes and five shared functional modules, including one module related to G-protein–coupled receptor pathways. Similar analyses performed for PTSD and specific autoimmune diseases (e.g., autoimmune thyroid disease) largely recapitulated the results of the main analyses. Conclusions: This study demonstrated familial coaggregation, genetic correlation, and common biological pathways between stress-related disorders and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zeng
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital (Zeng, Lu, Fang, Song), and Med-X Center for Informatics (Zeng, Song), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Epidemiology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai (Suo); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Yao, Larsson, D'Onofrio, Lichtenstein) and Institute of Environmental Medicine (Lu, Fang, Valdimarsdóttir), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Lu, Valdimarsdóttir); School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington (D'Onofrio); Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík (Valdimarsdóttir, Song)
| | - Chen Suo
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital (Zeng, Lu, Fang, Song), and Med-X Center for Informatics (Zeng, Song), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Epidemiology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai (Suo); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Yao, Larsson, D'Onofrio, Lichtenstein) and Institute of Environmental Medicine (Lu, Fang, Valdimarsdóttir), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Lu, Valdimarsdóttir); School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington (D'Onofrio); Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík (Valdimarsdóttir, Song)
| | - Shuyang Yao
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital (Zeng, Lu, Fang, Song), and Med-X Center for Informatics (Zeng, Song), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Epidemiology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai (Suo); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Yao, Larsson, D'Onofrio, Lichtenstein) and Institute of Environmental Medicine (Lu, Fang, Valdimarsdóttir), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Lu, Valdimarsdóttir); School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington (D'Onofrio); Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík (Valdimarsdóttir, Song)
| | - Donghao Lu
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital (Zeng, Lu, Fang, Song), and Med-X Center for Informatics (Zeng, Song), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Epidemiology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai (Suo); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Yao, Larsson, D'Onofrio, Lichtenstein) and Institute of Environmental Medicine (Lu, Fang, Valdimarsdóttir), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Lu, Valdimarsdóttir); School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington (D'Onofrio); Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík (Valdimarsdóttir, Song)
| | - Henrik Larsson
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital (Zeng, Lu, Fang, Song), and Med-X Center for Informatics (Zeng, Song), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Epidemiology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai (Suo); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Yao, Larsson, D'Onofrio, Lichtenstein) and Institute of Environmental Medicine (Lu, Fang, Valdimarsdóttir), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Lu, Valdimarsdóttir); School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington (D'Onofrio); Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík (Valdimarsdóttir, Song)
| | - Brian M D'Onofrio
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital (Zeng, Lu, Fang, Song), and Med-X Center for Informatics (Zeng, Song), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Epidemiology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai (Suo); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Yao, Larsson, D'Onofrio, Lichtenstein) and Institute of Environmental Medicine (Lu, Fang, Valdimarsdóttir), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Lu, Valdimarsdóttir); School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington (D'Onofrio); Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík (Valdimarsdóttir, Song)
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital (Zeng, Lu, Fang, Song), and Med-X Center for Informatics (Zeng, Song), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Epidemiology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai (Suo); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Yao, Larsson, D'Onofrio, Lichtenstein) and Institute of Environmental Medicine (Lu, Fang, Valdimarsdóttir), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Lu, Valdimarsdóttir); School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington (D'Onofrio); Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík (Valdimarsdóttir, Song)
| | - Fang Fang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital (Zeng, Lu, Fang, Song), and Med-X Center for Informatics (Zeng, Song), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Epidemiology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai (Suo); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Yao, Larsson, D'Onofrio, Lichtenstein) and Institute of Environmental Medicine (Lu, Fang, Valdimarsdóttir), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Lu, Valdimarsdóttir); School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington (D'Onofrio); Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík (Valdimarsdóttir, Song)
| | - Unnur A Valdimarsdóttir
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital (Zeng, Lu, Fang, Song), and Med-X Center for Informatics (Zeng, Song), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Epidemiology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai (Suo); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Yao, Larsson, D'Onofrio, Lichtenstein) and Institute of Environmental Medicine (Lu, Fang, Valdimarsdóttir), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Lu, Valdimarsdóttir); School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington (D'Onofrio); Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík (Valdimarsdóttir, Song)
| | - Huan Song
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital (Zeng, Lu, Fang, Song), and Med-X Center for Informatics (Zeng, Song), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Epidemiology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai (Suo); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Yao, Larsson, D'Onofrio, Lichtenstein) and Institute of Environmental Medicine (Lu, Fang, Valdimarsdóttir), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Lu, Valdimarsdóttir); School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington (D'Onofrio); Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík (Valdimarsdóttir, Song)
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8
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Luo S, Liao C, Zhang L, Ling C, Zhang X, Xie P, Su G, Chen Z, Zhang L, Lai T, Tang J. METTL3-mediated m6A mRNA methylation regulates neutrophil activation through targeting TLR4 signaling. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112259. [PMID: 36920907 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification accounts for the most prevalent mRNA internal modification and has emerged as a widespread regulatory mechanism in multiple physiological processes. We address a role of methyltransferase-like protein 3 (METTL3) in neutrophil activation. METTL3 controls neutrophil release from bone marrow to circulation through surface expression of CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) in a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling-dependent manner in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia. We show that the mRNA of TLR4 is modified by m6A, exhibiting increased translation and slowed degradation simultaneously, leading to elevated protein levels of TLR4, which eventually promotes the TLR4 signaling activation of neutrophil. The reduced expression of TLR4 lowers cytokine secretion in METTL3-deleted neutrophils upon LPS stimulation through TLR4/Myd88/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling. Collectively, these data demonstrate that METTL3 modulation of TLR4 expression is a critical determinant of neutrophil activation in endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaoxiong Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunxiu Ling
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuedi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengyun Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Guomei Su
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhanghui Chen
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangqing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Tianwen Lai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China.
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9
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Milk fat-globule epidermal growth factor 8: A potential Regulator of Cutaneous Wound Healing. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8883-8893. [PMID: 35581508 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Destroying the integrity of the skin may causes disability and even death from injury or illness. Wound healing is a core mechanism to maintain skin barrier function. Milk fat-globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a key factor in wound healing and is involved in regulating blood coagulation, mediating macrophage uptake of apoptotic cells, shifting macrophages from an inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory phenotype, promoting angiogenesis, enhancing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, and assisting wound tissue perfusion. However, these abilities are dysregulated in pathological conditions, such as glucose disorders and ischemic injury. Restricted application of exogenous MFG-E8 can restore function and play a beneficial role in cutaneous wound healing.
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10
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Diepeveen J, Moerdijk-Poortvliet TCW, van der Leij FR. Molecular insights into human taste perception and umami tastants: A review. J Food Sci 2022; 87:1449-1465. [PMID: 35301715 PMCID: PMC9314127 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding taste is key for optimizing the palatability of seaweeds and other non‐animal‐based foods rich in protein. The lingual papillae in the mouth hold taste buds with taste receptors for the five gustatory taste qualities. Each taste bud contains three distinct cell types, of which Type II cells carry various G protein‐coupled receptors that can detect sweet, bitter, or umami tastants, while type III cells detect sour, and likely salty stimuli. Upon ligand binding, receptor‐linked intracellular heterotrimeric G proteins initiate a cascade of downstream events which activate the afferent nerve fibers for taste perception in the brain. The taste of amino acids depends on the hydrophobicity, size, charge, isoelectric point, chirality of the alpha carbon, and the functional groups on their side chains. The principal umami ingredient monosodium l‐glutamate, broadly known as MSG, loses umami taste upon acetylation, esterification, or methylation, but is able to form flat configurations that bind well to the umami taste receptor. Ribonucleotides such as guanosine monophosphate and inosine monophosphate strongly enhance umami taste when l‐glutamate is present. Ribonucleotides bind to the outer section of the venus flytrap domain of the receptor dimer and stabilize the closed conformation. Concentrations of glutamate, aspartate, arginate, and other compounds in food products may enhance saltiness and overall flavor. Umami ingredients may help to reduce the consumption of salts and fats in the general population and increase food consumption in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Diepeveen
- Research Group Marine Biobased Specialties, Chemistry Department, HZ University of Applied Sciences, Vlissingen, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja C W Moerdijk-Poortvliet
- Research Group Marine Biobased Specialties, Chemistry Department, HZ University of Applied Sciences, Vlissingen, The Netherlands
| | - Feike R van der Leij
- Research and Innovation Centre Agri, Food & Life Sciences (RIC-AFL), Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Delft, The Netherlands
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11
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Tai Y, Huang B, Guo PP, Wang Z, Zhou ZW, Wang MM, Sun HF, Hu Y, Xu SL, Zhang LL, Wang QT, Wei W. TNF-α impairs EP4 signaling through the association of TRAF2-GRK2 in primary fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:401-416. [PMID: 33859345 PMCID: PMC8791952 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that chronic treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) decreased cAMP concentration in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. In this study we investigated how TNF-α impairs cAMP homeostasis, particularly clarifying the potential downstream molecules of TNF-α and prostaglandin receptor 4 (EP4) signaling that would interact with each other. Using a cAMP FRET biosensor PM-ICUE3, we demonstrated that TNF-α (20 ng/mL) blocked ONO-4819-triggered EP4 signaling, but not Butaprost-triggered EP2 signaling in normal rat FLSs. We showed that TNF-α (0.02-20 ng/mL) dose-dependently reduced EP4 membrane distribution in normal rat FLS. TNF-α significantly increased TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) expression and stimulated proliferation in human FLS (hFLS) via ecruiting TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) to cell membrane. More interestingly, we revealed that TRAF2 interacted with G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK2) in the cytoplasm of primary hFLS and helped to bring GRK2 to cell membrane in response of TNF-α stimulation, the complex of TRAF2 and GRK2 then separated on the membrane, and translocated GRK2 induced the desensitization and internalization of EP4, leading to reduced production of intracellular cAMP. Silencing of TRAF2 by siRNA substantially diminished TRAF2-GRK2 interaction, blocked the translocation of GRK2, and resulted in upregulated expression of membrane EP4 and intracellular cAMP. In CIA rats, administration of paroxetine to inhibit GRK2 effectively improved the symptoms and clinic parameters with significantly reduced joint synovium inflammation and bone destruction. These results elucidate a novel form of cross-talk between TNFR (a cytokine receptor) and EP4 (a typical G protein-coupled receptor) signaling pathways. The interaction between TRAF2 and GRK2 may become a potential new drug target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tai
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Bei Huang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032 China ,Department of Pharmacy, Maanshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Maanshan, 243000 China
| | - Pai-pai Guo
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Zhen Wang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Zheng-wei Zhou
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Man-man Wang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Han-fei Sun
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Yong Hu
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Sheng-lin Xu
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Ling-ling Zhang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Qing-tong Wang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Wei Wei
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032 China
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12
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Takemura H, Kushimoto K, Horii Y, Fujita D, Matsuda M, Sawa T, Amaya F. IGF1-driven induction of GPCR kinase 2 in the primary afferent neuron promotes resolution of acute hyperalgesia. Brain Res Bull 2021; 177:305-315. [PMID: 34687776 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2 (GRK2) expression restores cellular function by protecting from overstimulation via GPCR and non-GPCR signaling. In the primary afferent neurons, GRK2 negatively regulates nociceptive tone. The present study tested the hypothesis that induction of GRK2 in the primary afferent neurons contributes to the resolution of acute pain after tissue injury. GRK2 expression in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was analyzed at 1 and 7 days after the incision. Intraperitoneal administration of a GRK2 inhibitor was performed 7 days post-incision in male Sprague-Dawley rats who underwent plantar incisions to analyze the pain-related behavioral effect of the GRK2 inhibitor. Separately, GRK2 expression was analyzed after injecting insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) into the rat hind paw. In addition, an IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) inhibitor was administered in the plantar incision rats to determine its effect on the incision-induced hyperalgesia and GRK2 expression. Plantar incision induced an increase in GRK2 in the DRG at 7 days, but not at 1 day post-incision. Acute hyperalgesia after the plantar incision disappeared by 7 days post-incision. Intraperitoneal injection of the GRK2 inhibitor at this time reinstated mechanical hyperalgesia, although the GRK2 inhibitor did not produce hyperalgesia in naive rats. After the incision, IGF1 expression increased in the paw, but not in the DRG. Intraplantar injection of IGF1 increased GRK2 expression in the ipsilateral DRG. IGF1R inhibitor administration prevented both the induction of GRK2 and resolution of hyperalgesia after the plantar incision. These findings demonstrate that induction of GRK2 expression driven by tissue IGF1 has potent analgesic effects and produces resolution of hyperalgesia after tissue injury. Dysregulation of IGF1-GRK2 signaling could potentially lead to failure of the spontaneous resolution of acute pain and, hence, development of chronic pain after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Takemura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Research Unit for the Neurobiology of Pain, Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Kushimoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Research Unit for the Neurobiology of Pain, Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Horii
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Research Unit for the Neurobiology of Pain, Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fujita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Research Unit for the Neurobiology of Pain, Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Megumi Matsuda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Research Unit for the Neurobiology of Pain, Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teiji Sawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumimasa Amaya
- Research Unit for the Neurobiology of Pain, Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Pain Management and Palliative Care Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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13
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Nintedanib Regulates GRK2 and CXCR2 to Reduce Neutrophil Recruitment in Endotoxin-Induced Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189898. [PMID: 34576061 PMCID: PMC8464681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of nintedanib, a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in the treatment of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) remains unclear. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also known as endotoxin, has been used to induce ALI. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of nintedanib in attenuating the histopathological changes of LPS-induced ALI. Nintedanib was administered via oral gavage to male C57BL/6 mice 24 h and 10 min before intratracheal endotoxin instillation. Lung histopathological characteristics, adhesion molecule expression, and the regulatory signaling pathways of neutrophil chemotaxis were analyzed after 24 h. We found that nintedanib significantly reduced histopathological changes and neutrophil recruitment in LPS-induced ALI. The number of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was reduced in nintedanib-treated relative to untreated mice with ALI. Nintedanib mediated the downregulation of the chemotactic response to LPS by reducing the expression of adhesion molecules and the phosphorylated p38:total p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) ratio in the lungs of mice with ALI. Nintedanib also reduced the expression of lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D (Ly6G) and very late antigen 4 (VLA-4) in BALF neutrophils and mediated the downregulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2) and upregulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) activity in peripheral blood neutrophils in mice with LPS-induced ALI. Nintedanib improved the histopathological changes of LPS-induced ALI by reducing neutrophil chemotaxis. These effects were mediated by the inhibition of adhesion molecules via the activation of GRK2 and the inhibition of p38 MAPK and CXCR2.
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14
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Fowell DJ, Kim M. The spatio-temporal control of effector T cell migration. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:582-596. [PMID: 33627851 PMCID: PMC9380693 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Effector T cells leave the lymph nodes armed with specialized functional attributes. Their antigenic targets may be located anywhere in the body, posing the ultimate challenge: how to efficiently identify the target tissue, navigate through a complex tissue matrix and, ultimately, locate the immunological insult. Recent advances in real-time in situ imaging of effector T cell migratory behaviour have revealed a great degree of mechanistic plasticity that enables effector T cells to push and squeeze their way through inflamed tissues. This process is shaped by an array of 'stop' and 'go' guidance signals including target antigens, chemokines, integrin ligands and the mechanical cues of the inflamed microenvironment. Effector T cells must sense and interpret these competing signals to correctly position themselves to mediate their effector functions for complete and durable responses in infectious disease and malignancy. Tuning T cell migration therapeutically will require a new understanding of this complex decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J. Fowell
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Aab Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Minsoo Kim
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Aab Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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15
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Kuai J, Han C, Wei W. Potential Regulatory Roles of GRK2 in Endothelial Cell Activity and Pathological Angiogenesis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:698424. [PMID: 34335610 PMCID: PMC8320431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2 (GRK2) is an integrative node in many signaling network cascades. Emerging evidence indicates that GRK2 can interact with a large number of GPCRs and non-GPCR substrates in both kinase-dependent and -independent modes. Some of these pathways are associated with endothelial cell (EC) activity. The active state of ECs is a pivotal factor in angiogenesis. The occurrence and development of some inflammation-related diseases are accompanied by pathological angiogenesis, but there remains a lack of effective targeted treatments. Alterations in the expression and/or localization of GRK2 have been identified in several types of diseases and have been demonstrated to regulate the angiogenesis process in these diseases. GRK2 as a target may be a promising candidate for anti-angiogenesis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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16
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Yao S, Ertay A, Zhou Y, Yao L, Hill C, Chen J, Guan Y, Sun H, Ewing RM, Liu Y, Lv X, Wang Y. GRK6 Depletion Induces HIF Activity in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:654812. [PMID: 34136390 PMCID: PMC8201516 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.654812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6) is expressed in various tissues and is involved in the development of several diseases including lung cancer. We previously reported that GRK6 is down-regulated in lung adenocarcinoma patients, which induces cell invasion and metastasis. However, further understanding of the role of GRK6 in lung adenocarcinoma is required. Here we explored the functional consequence of GRK6 inhibition in lung epithelial cells. Analysis of TCGA data was coupled with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells following depletion of GRK6 with RNA interference (RNAi). Findings were validated in ATII cells followed by tissue microarray analysis. Pathway analysis suggested that one of the Hallmark pathways enriched upon GRK6 inhibition is 'Hallmark_Hypoxia' (FDR = 0.014). We demonstrated that GRK6 depletion induces HIF1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha) levels and activity in ATII cells. The findings were further confirmed in lung adenocarcinoma samples, in which GRK6 expression levels negatively and positively correlate with HIF1α expression (P = 0.015) and VHL expression (P < 0.0001), respectively. Mechanistically, we showed the impact of GRK6 on HIF activity could be achieved via regulation of VHL levels. Taken together, targeting the HIF pathway may provide new strategies for therapy in GRK6-depleted lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ayse Ertay
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Yilu Zhou
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Liudi Yao
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Hill
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yangbo Guan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Rob M Ewing
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Yifei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xuedong Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yihua Wang
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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17
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Cheng J, Lucas PC, McAllister-Lucas LM. Canonical and Non-Canonical Roles of GRK2 in Lymphocytes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020307. [PMID: 33546162 PMCID: PMC7913175 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is emerging as a key integrative signaling node in a variety of biological processes ranging from cell growth and proliferation to migration and chemotaxis. As such, GRK2 is now implicated as playing a role in the molecular pathogenesis of a broad group of diseases including heart failure, cancer, depression, neurodegenerative disease, and others. In addition to its long-known canonical role in the phosphorylation and desensitization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), recent studies have shown that GRK2 also modulates a diverse array of other molecular processes via newly identified GRK2 kinase substrates and via a growing number of protein-protein interaction binding partners. GRK2 belongs to the 7-member GRK family. It is a multidomain protein containing a specific N-terminal region (referred to as αN), followed by a regulator of G protein signaling homology (RH) domain, an AGC (Protein kinase A, G, C serine/threonine kinase family) kinase domain, and a C-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. GPCRs mediate the activity of many regulators of the immune system such as chemokines and leukotrienes, and thus GRK proteins may play key roles in modulating the lymphocyte response to these factors. As one of the predominant GRK family members expressed in immune cells, GRK2's canonical and noncanonical actions play an especially significant role in normal immune cell function as well as in the development and progression of disorders of the immune system. This review summarizes our current state of knowledge of the roles of GRK2 in lymphocytes. We highlight the diverse functions of GRK2 and discuss how ongoing investigation of GRK2 in lymphocytes may inform the development of new therapies for diseases associated with lymphocyte dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cheng
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Peter C. Lucas
- Divisions of Molecular Genomic Pathology and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA;
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Linda M. McAllister-Lucas
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA;
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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18
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Mikolajczyk TP, Szczepaniak P, Vidler F, Maffia P, Graham GJ, Guzik TJ. Role of inflammatory chemokines in hypertension. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 223:107799. [PMID: 33359600 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with immune cells activation and their migration into the kidney, vasculature, heart and brain. These inflammatory mechanisms are critical for blood pressure regulation and mediate target organ damage, creating unique novel targets for pharmacological modulation. In response to angiotensin II and other pro-hypertensive stimuli, the expression of several inflammatory chemokines and their receptors is increased in the target organs, mediating homing of immune cells. In this review, we summarize the contribution of key inflammatory chemokines and their receptors to increased accumulation of immune cells in target organs and effects on vascular dysfunction, remodeling, oxidative stress and fibrosis, all of which contribute to blood pressure elevation. In particular, the role of CCL2, CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL16, CXCL1, CX3CL1, XCL1 and their receptors in the context of hypertension is discussed. Recent studies have tested the efficacy of pharmacological or genetic targeting of chemokines and their receptors on the development of hypertension. Promising results indicate that some of these pathways may serve as future therapeutic targets to improve blood pressure control and prevent target organ consequences including kidney failure, heart failure, atherosclerosis or cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz P Mikolajczyk
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Piotr Szczepaniak
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Francesca Vidler
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; BHF Centre for Excellence Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerard J Graham
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; BHF Centre for Excellence Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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19
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Vila-Bedmar R, Cruces-Sande M, Arcones AC, Willemen HLDM, Prieto P, Moreno-Indias I, Díaz-Rodríguez D, Francisco S, Jaén RI, Gutiérrez-Repiso C, Heijnen CJ, Boscá L, Fresno M, Kavelaars A, Mayor F, Murga C. GRK2 levels in myeloid cells modulate adipose-liver crosstalk in high fat diet-induced obesity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4957-4976. [PMID: 31927610 PMCID: PMC11105060 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are key effector cells in obesity-associated inflammation. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is highly expressed in different immune cell types. Using LysM-GRK2+/- mice, we uncover that a reduction of GRK2 levels in myeloid cells prevents the development of glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia after a high fat diet (HFD) through modulation of the macrophage pro-inflammatory profile. Low levels of myeloid GRK2 confer protection against hepatic insulin resistance, steatosis and inflammation. In adipose tissue, pro-inflammatory cytokines are reduced and insulin signaling is preserved. Macrophages from LysM-GRK2+/- mice secrete less pro-inflammatory cytokines when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and their conditioned media has a reduced pathological influence in cultured adipocytes or naïve bone marrow-derived macrophages. Our data indicate that reducing GRK2 levels in myeloid cells, by attenuating pro-inflammatory features of macrophages, has a relevant impact in adipose-liver crosstalk, thus preventing high fat diet-induced metabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Vila-Bedmar
- Departamento de ciencias básicas de la salud, área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cruces-Sande
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba C Arcones
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hanneke L D M Willemen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology (LTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Prieto
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Moreno-Indias
- CIBER de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Victoria de Malaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Daniel Díaz-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Francisco
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael I Jaén
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Gutiérrez-Repiso
- CIBER de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Victoria de Malaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cobi J Heijnen
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Fresno
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Federico Mayor
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cristina Murga
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Eiger DS, Boldizsar N, Honeycutt CC, Gardner J, Rajagopal S. Biased agonism at chemokine receptors. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109862. [PMID: 33249087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the human chemokine system, interactions between the approximately 50 known endogenous chemokine ligands and 20 known chemokine receptors (CKRs) regulate a wide range of cellular functions and biological processes including immune cell activation and homeostasis, development, angiogenesis, and neuromodulation. CKRs are a family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), which represent the most common and versatile class of receptors in the human genome and the targets of approximately one third of all Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. Chemokines and CKRs bind with significant promiscuity, as most CKRs can be activated by multiple chemokines and most chemokines can activate multiple CKRs. While these ligand-receptor interactions were previously regarded as redundant, it is now appreciated that many chemokine:CKR interactions display biased agonism, the phenomenon in which different ligands binding to the same receptor signal through different pathways with different efficacies, leading to distinct biological effects. Notably, these biased responses can be modulated through changes in ligand, receptor, and or the specific cellular context (system). In this review, we explore the biochemical mechanisms, functional consequences, and therapeutic potential of biased agonism in the chemokine system. An enhanced understanding of biased agonism in the chemokine system may prove transformative in the understanding of the mechanisms and consequences of biased signaling across all GPCR subtypes and aid in the development of biased pharmaceuticals with increased therapeutic efficacy and safer side effect profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noelia Boldizsar
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | | | - Julia Gardner
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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21
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Myeloid GRK2 Regulates Obesity-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction by Modulating Inflammatory Responses in Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100953. [PMID: 33020373 PMCID: PMC7600489 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is increasingly being regarded as an important endocrine organ that directly impacts vessel function, structure, and contractility in obesity-associated diseases. We uncover here a role for myeloid G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) in the modulation of PVAT-dependent vasodilation responses. GRK2 expression positively correlates with myeloid- (CD68) and lymphoid-specific (CD3, CD4, and CD8) markers and with leptin in PVAT from patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. Using mice hemizygous for GRK2 in the myeloid lineage (LysM-GRK2+/−), we found that GRK2 deficiency in myeloid cells allows animals to preserve the endothelium-dependent acetylcholine or insulin-induced relaxation, which is otherwise impaired by PVAT, in arteries of animals fed a high fat diet (HFD). Downregulation of GRK2 in myeloid cells attenuates HFD-dependent infiltration of macrophages and T lymphocytes in PVAT, as well as the induction of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and NADPH oxidase (Nox)1 expression, whereas blocking TNFα or Nox pathways by pharmacological means can rescue the impaired vasodilator responses to insulin in arteries with PVAT from HFD-fed animals. Our results suggest that myeloid GRK2 could be a potential therapeutic target in the development of endothelial dysfunction induced by PVAT in the context of obesity.
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22
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Cheng J, Klei LR, Hubel NE, Zhang M, Schairer R, Maurer LM, Klei HB, Kang H, Concel VJ, Delekta PC, Dang EV, Mintz MA, Baens M, Cyster JG, Parameswaran N, Thome M, Lucas PC, McAllister-Lucas LM. GRK2 suppresses lymphomagenesis by inhibiting the MALT1 proto-oncoprotein. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1036-1051. [PMID: 31961340 DOI: 10.1172/jci97040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen receptor-dependent (AgR-dependent) stimulation of the NF-κB transcription factor in lymphocytes is a required event during adaptive immune response, but dysregulated activation of this signaling pathway can lead to lymphoma. AgR stimulation promotes assembly of the CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 complex, wherein MALT1 acts as (a) a scaffold to recruit components of the canonical NF-κB machinery and (b) a protease to cleave and inactivate specific substrates, including negative regulators of NF-κB. In multiple lymphoma subtypes, malignant B cells hijack AgR signaling pathways to promote their own growth and survival, and inhibiting MALT1 reduces the viability and growth of these tumors. As such, MALT1 has emerged as a potential pharmaceutical target. Here, we identified G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) as a new MALT1-interacting protein. We demonstrated that GRK2 binds the death domain of MALT1 and inhibits MALT1 scaffolding and proteolytic activities. We found that lower GRK2 levels in activated B cell-type diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) are associated with reduced survival, and that GRK2 knockdown enhances ABC-DLBCL tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Together, our findings suggest that GRK2 can function as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting MALT1 and provide a roadmap for developing new strategies to inhibit MALT1-dependent lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathaniel E Hubel
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Immunity and Infection, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Rebekka Schairer
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Immunity and Infection, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Heejae Kang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Phillip C Delekta
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Eric V Dang
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michelle A Mintz
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mathijs Baens
- Human Genome Laboratory, VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, and.,Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Margot Thome
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Immunity and Infection, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Peter C Lucas
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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23
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Hattori Y, Michel MC. Editorial: G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases (GRKs) and β-Arrestins: New Insights Into Disease Regulators. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1654. [PMID: 32047443 PMCID: PMC6997549 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Hattori
- The Research Institute of Cancer Prevention, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Martin C Michel
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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24
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Selheim F, Aasebø E, Ribas C, Aragay AM. An Overview on G Protein-coupled Receptor-induced Signal Transduction in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5293-5316. [PMID: 31032748 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190429153247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous disease characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of precursor myeloid-lineage cells in the bone marrow. AML is also characterized by patients with poor long-term survival outcomes due to relapse. Many efforts have been made to understand the biological heterogeneity of AML and the challenges to develop new therapies are therefore enormous. G Protein-coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are a large attractive drug-targeted family of transmembrane proteins, and aberrant GPCR expression and GPCR-mediated signaling have been implicated in leukemogenesis of AML. This review aims to identify the molecular players of GPCR signaling, focusing on the hematopoietic system, which are involved in AML to help developing novel drug targets and therapeutic strategies. METHODS We undertook an exhaustive and structured search of bibliographic databases for research focusing on GPCR, GPCR signaling and expression in AML. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Many scientific reports were found with compelling evidence for the involvement of aberrant GPCR expression and perturbed GPCR-mediated signaling in the development of AML. The comprehensive analysis of GPCR in AML provides potential clinical biomarkers for prognostication, disease monitoring and therapeutic guidance. It will also help to provide marker panels for monitoring in AML. We conclude that GPCR-mediated signaling is contributing to leukemogenesis of AML, and postulate that mass spectrometrybased protein profiling of primary AML cells will accelerate the discovery of potential GPCR related biomarkers for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frode Selheim
- The Proteomics Unit at the University of Bergen, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Elise Aasebø
- The Proteomics Unit at the University of Bergen, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Catalina Ribas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna M Aragay
- Departamento de Biologia Celular. Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Baldiri i Reixac, 15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Fu D, Li P, Sheng Q, Lv Z. β-arrestin-2 enhances intestinal epithelial apoptosis in necrotizing enterocolitis. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:8294-8312. [PMID: 31612867 PMCID: PMC6814604 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis among intestinal epithelial cells contributes to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a severe intestinal disease that particularly affects premature infants. β-arrestin-2, an important regulator of G-protein-coupled receptors, is expressed in intestinal epithelial cells, where its activation promotes apoptosis. We found that β-arrestin-2 was overexpressed in both human and murine NEC samples. β-arrestin-2-deficient mice were protected from endoplasmic reticulum stress and NEC development. The endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperone BiP was found to promote intestinal epithelial cell survival. Pretreatment of intestinal epithelial cells or mice with the BiP inhibitor HA15 increased cell apoptosis and promoted NEC development. β-arrestin-2 bound to BiP and promoted its polyubiquitination and degradation, thereby facilitating the release of the pro-apoptotic molecule BIK from BiP. Silencing β-arrestin-2 downregulated apoptosis by increasing BiP levels, which suppressed endoplasmic reticulum stress. This study suggests that β-arrestin-2 induces NEC development by inhibiting BiP, thereby triggering apoptosis in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies to inhibit β-arrestin-2 may enhance the treatment of NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Children's Hospital of Shanghai, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Children's Hospital of Shanghai, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Qingfeng Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Children's Hospital of Shanghai, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Zhibao Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Children's Hospital of Shanghai, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
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26
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Li T, Wan Y, Sun L, Tao S, Chen P, Liu C, Wang K, Zhou C, Zhao G. Inhibition of MicroRNA-15a/16 Expression Alleviates Neuropathic Pain Development through Upregulation of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:414-422. [PMID: 31189298 PMCID: PMC6609114 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that microRNAs are emerging as pivotal regulators in the development and progression of neuropathic pain. MicroRNA-15a/16 (miR-15a/16) have been reported to play an important role in various diseases and inflammation response processes. However, whether miR-15a/16 participates in the regulation of neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain development remains unknown. In this study, we established a mouse model of neuropathic pain by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerves. Our results showed that both miR-15a and miR-16 expression was significantly upregulated in the spinal cord of CCI rats. Downregulation of the expression of miR-15a and miR-16 by intrathecal injection of a specific inhibitor significantly attenuated the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia of CCI rats. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-15a and miR-16 downregulated the expression of interleukin-1β and tumor-necrosis factor-α in the spinal cord of CCI rats. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), an important regulator in neuropathic pain and inflammation, was a potential target gene of miR-15a and miR-16. Inhibition of miR-15a and miR-16 markedly increased the expression of GRK2 while downregulating the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB in CCI rats. Notably, the silencing of GRK2 significantly reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-15a/16 inhibition in neuropathic pain. In conclusion, our results suggest that inhibition of miR-15a/16 expression alleviates neuropathic pain development by targeting GRK2. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and suggest potential therapeutic targets for preventing neuropathic pain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Yingchun Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Shoujun Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Caihua Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan Affiliated with Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430014, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Changyu Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Guoqing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin 130033, China
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27
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Seyedabadi M, Ghahremani MH, Albert PR. Biased signaling of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs): Molecular determinants of GPCR/transducer selectivity and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 200:148-178. [PMID: 31075355 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) convey signals across membranes via interaction with G proteins. Originally, an individual GPCR was thought to signal through one G protein family, comprising cognate G proteins that mediate canonical receptor signaling. However, several deviations from canonical signaling pathways for GPCRs have been described. It is now clear that GPCRs can engage with multiple G proteins and the line between cognate and non-cognate signaling is increasingly blurred. Furthermore, GPCRs couple to non-G protein transducers, including β-arrestins or other scaffold proteins, to initiate additional signaling cascades. Receptor/transducer selectivity is dictated by agonist-induced receptor conformations as well as by collateral factors. In particular, ligands stabilize distinct receptor conformations to preferentially activate certain pathways, designated 'biased signaling'. In this regard, receptor sequence alignment and mutagenesis have helped to identify key receptor domains for receptor/transducer specificity. Furthermore, molecular structures of GPCRs bound to different ligands or transducers have provided detailed insights into mechanisms of coupling selectivity. However, receptor dimerization, compartmentalization, and trafficking, receptor-transducer-effector stoichiometry, and ligand residence and exposure times can each affect GPCR coupling. Extrinsic factors including cell type or assay conditions can also influence receptor signaling. Understanding these factors may lead to the development of improved biased ligands with the potential to enhance therapeutic benefit, while minimizing adverse effects. In this review, evidence for ligand-specific GPCR signaling toward different transducers or pathways is elaborated. Furthermore, molecular determinants of biased signaling toward these pathways and relevant examples of the potential clinical benefits and pitfalls of biased ligands are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Seyedabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Education Development Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Paul R Albert
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience, University of Ottawa, Canada.
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28
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Yao S, Wu D, Chen J, Wang P, Lv X, Huang J. Hypermethylation of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6) promoter inhibits binding of C/EBPα, and GRK6 knockdown promotes cell migration and invasion in lung adenocarcinoma cells. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:605-617. [PMID: 30984536 PMCID: PMC6443861 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the expression of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6) is significantly downregulated in lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) tissues, and low expression levels of GRK6 are correlated with poor survival prognosis. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms and functions of GRK6 in LADC remain unknown. Here, we report that GRK6 mRNA expression levels are downregulated in LADC tissues compared to those in matched adjacent non-tumor tissues (P < 0.001). The promoter of the GRK6 gene was found to be hypermethylated in LADC tissues, and its methylation was correlated with both GRK6 expression and pathology grade. GRK6 promoter hypermethylation may predict shorter overall survival. Treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine significantly enhanced GRK6 gene expression. Four binding sites of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα) in the CpG island of the GRK6 gene promoter were predicted in silico, of which three sites were further confirmed by ChIP. Decreased binding of C/EBPα to binding sites 1, 3 and 4 of the GRK6 gene promoter was observed in LADC tissues. Inhibition of C/EBPα significantly inhibited GRK6 expression, while overexpression of C/EBPα significantly promoted GRK6 expression. In addition, overexpression of GRK6 significantly suppressed, while GRK6 knockdown promoted cell migration and invasion. Overexpression of GRK6 enhanced E-cadherin expression and suppressed vimentin expression, and silencing of GRK6 had the opposite effects. Furthermore, ectopic expression of GRK6 significantly decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and MMP7 protein expression levels. Our findings suggest that hypermethylation of the GRK6 gene promoter suppressed binding of C/EBPα, thereby contributing to the promotion of cell migration and invasion. The methylation status of the GRK6 promoter might be suitable for use as an epigenetic biomarker, and the C/EBPα-GRK6 signaling pathway may be a potential target for LADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Yao
- Department of Respiratory the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China.,Department of Respiratory the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University China
| | - Dandan Wu
- Department of Respiratory the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University China
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Department of Respiratory the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Respiratory the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University China
| | - Xuedong Lv
- Department of Respiratory the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Department of Respiratory the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
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29
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Palikhe S, Ohashi W, Sakamoto T, Hattori K, Kawakami M, Andoh T, Yamazaki H, Hattori Y. Regulatory Role of GRK2 in the TLR Signaling-Mediated iNOS Induction Pathway in Microglial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:59. [PMID: 30778300 PMCID: PMC6369205 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a ubiquitous member of the GRK family that restrains cellular activation by G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) phosphorylation leading to receptor desensitization and internalization, but has been identified to regulate a variety of signaling molecules, among which may be associated with inflammation. In this study, we attempted to establish the regulatory role of GRK2 in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in microglial cells. When mouse MG6 cells were stimulated with the TLR4 ligands lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and paclitaxel, we found that interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) protein expression and activation was upregulated, transcription of interferon-β (IFN-β) was accelerated, induction/activation of STAT1 and activation of STAT3 were promoted, and subsequently iNOS expression was upregulated. The ablation of GRK2 by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) not only eliminated TLR4-mediated upregulation of IRF1 protein expression and nuclear translocation but also suppressed the activation of the STAT pathway, resulting in negating the iNOS upregulation. The TLR3-mediated changes in IRF1 and STAT1/3, leading to iNOS induction, were also abrogated by siRNA knockdown of GRK2. Furthermore, transfection of GRK2 siRNA blocked the exogenous IFN-β supplementation-induced increases in phosphorylation of STAT1 as well as STAT3 and abrogated the augmentation of iNOS expression in the presence of exogenous IFN-β. Taken together, our results show that GRK2 regulates the activation of IRF1 as well as the activation of the STAT pathway, leading to upregulated transcription of iNOS in activated microglial cells. Modulation of the TLR signaling pathway via GRK2 in microglia may be a novel therapeutic target for treatment of neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailesh Palikhe
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Wakana Ohashi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takuya Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kohshi Hattori
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kawakami
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tsugunobu Andoh
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yamazaki
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Tsuruga Nursing University, Tsuruga, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- The Research Institute of Cancer Prevention, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
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Abstract
Proinflammatory reaction by the body occurs acutely in response to injury that is considered primarily beneficial. However, sustained proinflammatory cytokines observed with chronic pathologies such as metabolic syndrome, cancer, and arthritis are detrimental and in many cases is a major cardiovascular risk factor. Proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) have long been implicated in cardiovascular risk and considered to be a major underlying cause for heart failure (HF). The failure of the anti-TNFα therapy for HF indicates our elusive understanding on the dichotomous role of proinflammatory cytokines on acutely beneficial effects versus long-term deleterious effects. Despite these well-described observations, less is known about the mechanistic underpinnings of proinflammatory cytokines especially TNFα in pathogenesis of HF. Increasing evidence suggests the existence of an active cross-talk between the TNFα receptor signaling and G-protein-coupled receptors such as β-adrenergic receptor (βAR). Given that βARs are the key regulators of cardiac function, the review will discuss the current state of understanding on the role of proinflammatory cytokine TNFα in regulating βAR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maradumane L Mohan
- *Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; and †Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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Wang D. The essential role of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling in regulating T cell immunity. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2018; 40:187-192. [PMID: 29433403 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1434792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this paper is to clarify the critical role of GPCR signaling in T cell immunity. METHODS The G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most common targets in current pharmaceutical industry, and represent the largest and most versatile family of cell surface communicating molecules. GPCRs can be activated by a diverse array of ligands including neurotransmitters, chemokines as well as sensory stimuli. Therefore, GPCRs are involved in many key cellular and physiological processes, such as sense of light, taste and smell, neurotransmission, metabolism, endocrine and exocrine secretion. In recent years, GPCRs have been found to play an important role in immune system. T cell is an important type of immune cell, which plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. A variety of GPCRs and their signaling mediators (RGS proteins, GRKs and β-arrestin) have been found to express in T cells and involved T cell-mediated immunity. We will summarize the role of GPCR signaling and their regulatory molecules in T cell activation, homeostasis and function in this article. RESULTS GPCR signaling plays an important role in T cell activation, homeostasis and function. CONCLUSION GPCR signaling is critical in regulating T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashan Wang
- a Molecular Biology Research Center, Key Medical Health Laboratory for Laboratory Medicine of Shandong Province, Department of Laboratory Medicine , Shandong Medical College , Linyi , Shandong , China
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32
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Tao R, Li Q, Gao X, Ma L. Overexpression of GRK6 associates with the progression and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5879-5886. [PMID: 29552218 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a limited number of studies reporting on the expression of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6) in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The aim of the present study was to investigate and examine the clinical value of GRK6 expression in human CRC. The expression of the GRK6 protein was determined in CRC tissues (n=83) and in normal colorectal tissues (n=19) by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. In addition, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was conducted to investigate GRK6 mRNA levels in matched pairs of cancerous and non-cancerous fresh frozen tissues from 19 patients with CRC. Furthermore, GRK6 protein levels were evaluated in matched pairs of cancerous and non-cancerous fresh frozen tissues from 19 other patients with CRC by western blot analysis. The expression of GRK6 was significantly upregulated in patients with CRC as indicated by IHC analysis (P=0.028). The results of RT-qPCR and western blotting confirmed that GRK6 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in CRC tissues compared with matched adjacent non-cancerous tissues (P<0.05). Additionally, GRK6 protein expression was significantly associated with histological differentiation (P=0.001), lymph node invasion (P=0.45), venous invasion (P=0.009), depth of invasion (P=0.026), distant metastasis (P<0.0001) and TNM stages (P=0.020). Survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method indicated that patients with high GRK6 expression levels exhibited lower overall survival rates compared with patients with low GRK6 expression. Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model indicated that the expression levels of GRK6 (P=0.003) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival in patients. The overexpression of GRK6 in patients with CRC may serve as an independent predictor of patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Lilin Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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Nogués L, Palacios-García J, Reglero C, Rivas V, Neves M, Ribas C, Penela P, Mayor F. G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) in tumorigenesis and cancer progression: GPCR regulators and signaling hubs. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 48:78-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Cleghorn WM, Bulus N, Kook S, Gurevich VV, Zent R, Gurevich EV. Non-visual arrestins regulate the focal adhesion formation via small GTPases RhoA and Rac1 independently of GPCRs. Cell Signal 2018; 42:259-269. [PMID: 29133163 PMCID: PMC5732042 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arrestins recruit a variety of signaling proteins to active phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptors in the plasma membrane and to the cytoskeleton. Loss of arrestins leads to decreased cell migration, altered cell shape, and an increase in focal adhesions. Small GTPases of the Rho family are molecular switches that regulate actin cytoskeleton and affect a variety of dynamic cellular functions including cell migration and cell morphology. Here we show that non-visual arrestins differentially regulate RhoA and Rac1 activity to promote cell spreading via actin reorganization, and focal adhesion formation via two distinct mechanisms. Arrestins regulate these small GTPases independently of G-protein-coupled receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney M Cleghorn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Nada Bulus
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Seunghyi Kook
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Vsevolod V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States
| | - Eugenia V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
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Su VYF, Chiou SH, Lin CS, Chen WC, Yu WK, Chen YW, Chen CY, Yang KY. Induced pluripotent stem cells reduce neutrophil chemotaxis via activating GRK2 in endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. Respirology 2017; 22:1156-1164. [PMID: 28429504 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in moderating neutrophil chemotaxis in endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice at 8-12 weeks of age were studied. Murine iPSCs were delivered through the tail veins of mice 4 h after intratracheal instillation of endotoxin. Lung histopathological findings, neutrophil counts in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), bone marrow (BM) cell distribution, expression of chemokine receptors and regulatory signalling pathways were analysed after 24 h. Human neutrophils isolated from acute respiratory distress syndrome patients were used in a cell migration assay. RESULTS iPSCs significantly decreased the histopathological changes of ALI in mice compared to treatment with control cells. Numbers and activity levels of neutrophils in BALF were reduced in iPSC-treated ALI mice. The iPSC therapy restored neutrophil counts in the peripheral blood of ALI mice, but the percentages of mature neutrophils in BM were similar between iPSC-treated and -untreated groups. The iPSCs mediated a downregulation of the chemotactic response to endotoxin by reducing chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2) expression on mouse peripheral blood neutrophils. This result was confirmed by an in vitro human neutrophil migration assay. In addition, iPSCs or conditioned medium from iPSCs enhanced expression of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) on the surface of blood neutrophils in ALI mice. CONCLUSION iPSCs reduce neutrophil chemotaxis in endotoxin-induced ALI. These effects are associated with an enhancement of GRK2 activity and reduction of CXCR2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Yi-Fong Su
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei City Government, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shiuan Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate of I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Kuang Yu
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Chen
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Ilan, Taiwan.,Cardinal Tien College of Healthcare and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Yao Yang
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Osteogenesis Is Improved by Low Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Concentration through the Modulation of Gs-Coupled Receptor Signals. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00442-16. [PMID: 28137910 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00442-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the early phase of bone damage, low concentrations of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) favor osteoblast differentiation. In contrast, chronic high doses of the same cytokine contribute to bone loss, demonstrating opposite effects depending on its concentration and on the time of exposure. In the bone microenvironment, TNF-α modulates the expression/function of different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and of their regulatory proteins, GPCR-regulated kinases (GRKs), thus dictating their final biological outcome in controlling bone anabolic processes. Here, the effects of TNF-α were investigated on the expression/responsiveness of the A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR), a Gs-coupled receptor that promotes mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation into osteoblasts. Low TNF-α concentrations exerted a prodifferentiating effect on MSCs, pushing them toward an osteoblast phenotype. By regulating GRK2 turnover and expression, the cytokine impaired A2BAR desensitization, accelerating receptor-mediated osteoblast differentiation. These data supported the anabolic effect of TNF-α submaximal concentration and demonstrated that the cytokine regulates GPCR responses by interfering with the receptor desensitization machinery, thereby enhancing the anabolic responses evoked by A2BAR ligands. Overall, these results indicated that GPCR desensitization plays a pivotal role in osteogenesis and that its manipulation is an effective strategy to favor bone remodeling.
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Mincle activation enhances neutrophil migration and resistance to polymicrobial septic peritonitis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41106. [PMID: 28112221 PMCID: PMC5253726 DOI: 10.1038/srep41106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to bacterial infection. The therapeutic options for treating sepsis are limited. Impaired neutrophil recruitment into the infection site is directly associated with severe sepsis, but the precise mechanism is unclear. Here, we show that Mincle plays a key role in neutrophil migration and resistance during polymicrobial sepsis. Mincle-deficient mice exhibited lower survival rates in experimental sepsis from cecal ligation and puncture and Escherichia coli–induced peritonitis. Mincle deficiency led to higher serum inflammatory cytokine levels and reduced bacterial clearance and neutrophil recruitment. Transcriptome analyses revealed that trehalose dimycolate, a Mincle ligand, reduced the expression of G protein–coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) in neutrophils. Indeed, GRK2 expression was upregulated, but surface expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR2 was downregulated in blood neutrophils from Mincle-deficient mice with septic injury. Moreover, CXCL2-mediated adhesion, chemotactic responses, and F-actin polymerization were reduced in Mincle-deficient neutrophils. Finally, we found that fewer Mincle-deficient neutrophils infiltrated from the blood circulation into the peritoneal fluid in bacterial septic peritonitis compared with wild-type cells. Thus, our results indicate that Mincle plays an important role in neutrophil infiltration and suggest that Mincle signaling may provide a therapeutic target for treating sepsis.
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Lacalle RA, Blanco R, Carmona-Rodríguez L, Martín-Leal A, Mira E, Mañes S. Chemokine Receptor Signaling and the Hallmarks of Cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 331:181-244. [PMID: 28325212 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The chemokines are a family of chemotactic cytokines that mediate their activity by acting on seven-transmembrane-spanning G protein-coupled receptors. Both the ability of the chemokines and their receptors to form homo- and heterodimers and the promiscuity of the chemokine-chemokine receptor interaction endow this protein family with enormous signaling plasticity and complexity that are not fully understood at present. Chemokines were initially identified as essential regulators of homeostatic and inflammatory trafficking of innate and adaptive leucocytes from lymphoid organs to tissues. Chemokines also mediate the host response to cancer. Nevertheless, chemokine function in this response is not limited to regulating leucocyte infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. It is now known that chemokines and their receptors influence most-if not all-hallmark processes of cancer; they act on both neoplastic and untransformed cells in the tumor microenvironment, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells (blood and lymphatic), bone marrow-derived stem cells, and, obviously, infiltrating leucocytes. This review begins with an overview of chemokine and chemokine receptor structure, to better define how chemokines affect the proliferation, survival, stemness, and metastatic potential of neoplastic cells. We also examine the main mechanisms by which chemokines regulate tumor angiogenesis and immune cell infiltration, emphasizing the pro- and antitumorigenic activity of this protein superfamily in these interrelated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Lacalle
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Blanco
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A Martín-Leal
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Mira
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Mañes
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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39
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Nogués L, Reglero C, Rivas V, Neves M, Penela P, Mayor F. G-Protein–Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 as a Potential Modulator of the Hallmarks of Cancer. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 91:220-228. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.107185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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40
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Metzemaekers M, Van Damme J, Mortier A, Proost P. Regulation of Chemokine Activity - A Focus on the Role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV/CD26. Front Immunol 2016; 7:483. [PMID: 27891127 PMCID: PMC5104965 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are small, chemotactic proteins that play a crucial role in leukocyte migration and are, therefore, essential for proper functioning of the immune system. Chemokines exert their chemotactic effect by activation of chemokine receptors, which are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and interaction with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Furthermore, the exact chemokine function is modulated at the level of posttranslational modifications. Among the different types of posttranslational modifications that were found to occur in vitro and in vivo, i.e., proteolysis, citrullination, glycosylation, and nitration, NH2-terminal proteolysis of chemokines has been described most intensively. Since the NH2-terminal chemokine domain mediates receptor interaction, NH2-terminal modification by limited proteolysis or amino acid side chain modification can drastically affect their biological activity. An enzyme that has been shown to provoke NH2-terminal proteolysis of various chemokines is dipeptidyl peptidase IV or CD26. This multifunctional protein is a serine protease that preferably cleaves dipeptides from the NH2-terminal region of peptides and proteins with a proline or alanine residue in the penultimate position. Various chemokines possess such a proline or alanine residue, and CD26-truncated forms of these chemokines have been identified in cell culture supernatant as well as in body fluids. The effects of CD26-mediated proteolysis in the context of chemokines turned out to be highly complex. Depending on the chemokine ligand, loss of these two NH2-terminal amino acids can result in either an increased or a decreased biological activity, enhanced receptor specificity, inactivation of the chemokine ligand, or generation of receptor antagonists. Since chemokines direct leukocyte migration in homeostatic as well as pathophysiologic conditions, CD26-mediated proteolytic processing of these chemotactic proteins may have significant consequences for appropriate functioning of the immune system. After introducing the chemokine family together with the GPCRs and GAGs, as main interaction partners of chemokines, and discussing the different forms of posttranslational modifications, this review will focus on the intriguing relationship of chemokines with the serine protease CD26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Metzemaekers
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Jo Van Damme
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Anneleen Mortier
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
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Guccione M, Ettari R, Taliani S, Da Settimo F, Zappalà M, Grasso S. G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK2) Inhibitors: Current Trends and Future Perspectives. J Med Chem 2016; 59:9277-9294. [PMID: 27362616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a G-protein-coupled receptor kinase that is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and regulates various intracellular mechanisms. The up- or down-regulation of GRK2 correlates with several pathological disorders. GRK2 plays an important role in the maintenance of heart structure and function; thus, this kinase is involved in many cardiovascular diseases. GRK2 up-regulation can worsen cardiac ischemia; furthermore, increased kinase levels occur during the early stages of heart failure and in hypertensive subjects. GRK2 up-regulation can lead to changes in the insulin signaling cascade, which can translate to insulin resistance. Increased GRK2 levels also correlate with the degree of cognitive impairment that is typically observed in Alzheimer's disease. This article reviews the most potent and selective GRK2 inhibitors that have been developed. We focus on their mechanism of action, inhibition profile, and structure-activity relationships to provide insight into the further development of GRK2 inhibitors as drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Guccione
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Sabrina Taliani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa , Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Da Settimo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa , Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Silvana Grasso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Gomez-Monterrey I, Carotenuto A, Cipolletta E, Sala M, Vernieri E, Limatola A, Bertamino A, Musella S, Grieco P, Trimarco B, Novellino E, Iaccarino G, Campiglia P. SAR study and conformational analysis of a series of novel peptide G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 inhibitors. Biopolymers 2016; 101:121-8. [PMID: 23733420 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) plays a central role in the cellular transduction network. In particular, during chronic heart failure GRK2 is upregulated and believed to contribute to disease progression. Thereby, its inhibition offers a potential therapeutic solution to several pathological conditions. In the present study, we performed a SAR study and a NMR conformational analysis of peptides derived from HJ loop of GRK2 and able to selectively inhibit GRK2. From Ala-scan and D-Ala point replacement, we found that Arg residues don't affect the inhibitory properties, while a D-amino acid at position 5 is key to the activity. Conformational analysis identified two β-turns that involve N-terminal residues, followed by a short extended region. These information can help the design of peptides and peptido-mimetics with enhanced GRK2 inhibition properties.
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43
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Lu C, Shi L, Sun B, Zhang Y, Hou B, Sun Y, Ma Z, Gu X. A Single Intrathecal or Intraperitoneal Injection of CB2 Receptor Agonist Attenuates Bone Cancer Pain and Induces a Time-Dependent Modification of GRK2. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:101-109. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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44
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Lee YS, Park JS, Jung SM, Kim SD, Kim JH, Lee JY, Jung KC, Mamura M, Lee S, Kim SJ, Bae YS, Park SH. Inhibition of lethal inflammatory responses through the targeting of membrane-associated Toll-like receptor 4 signaling complexes with a Smad6-derived peptide. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:577-92. [PMID: 25766838 PMCID: PMC4492818 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that Smad6, one of the inhibitory Smads of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, inhibits Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 signaling by disrupting the Pellino-1-mediated TLR4 signaling complex. Here, we developed Smaducin-6, a novel membrane-tethered palmitic acid-conjugated Smad6-derived peptide composed of amino acids 422–441 of Smad6. Smaducin-6 interacted with Pellino-1, located in the inner membrane, thereby disrupting the formation of IRAK1-, RIP1-, IKKε-mediated TLR4 signaling complexes. Systemic administration of Smaducin-6 showed a significant therapeutic effect on mouse TLR4-mediated inflammatory disease models, cecal-ligation–puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis, and lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia, by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine production and apoptosis while enhancing neutrophil migration and bacterial clearance. Our findings provide clues to develop new peptide-based drugs to target Pellino-1 protein in TLR4 signaling pathway for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Sook Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Su Myung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sang-Doo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jun Hwan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyeong Cheon Jung
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mizuko Mamura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Yoe-Sik Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Hee Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
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Amarandi RM, Hjortø GM, Rosenkilde MM, Karlshøj S. Probing Biased Signaling in Chemokine Receptors. Methods Enzymol 2015; 570:155-86. [PMID: 26921946 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine system mediates leukocyte migration during homeostatic and inflammatory processes. Traditionally, it is described as redundant and promiscuous, with a single chemokine ligand binding to different receptors and a single receptor having several ligands. Signaling of chemokine receptors occurs via two major routes, G protein- and β-arrestin-dependent, which can be preferentially modulated depending on the ligands or receptors involved, as well as the cell types or tissues in which the signaling event occurs. The preferential activation of a certain signaling pathway to the detriment of others has been termed signaling bias and can accordingly be grouped into ligand bias, receptor bias, and tissue bias. Bias has so far been broadly overlooked in the process of drug development. The low number of currently approved drugs targeting the chemokine system, as well as the broad range of failed clinical trials, reflects the need for a better understanding of the chemokine system. Thus, understanding the character, direction, and consequence of biased signaling in the chemokine system may aid the development of new therapeutics. This review describes experiments to assess G protein-dependent and -independent signaling in order to quantify chemokine system bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana-Maria Amarandi
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Gertrud Malene Hjortø
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Marie Rosenkilde
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefanie Karlshøj
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Zou J, Redmond AK, Qi Z, Dooley H, Secombes CJ. The CXC chemokine receptors of fish: Insights into CXCR evolution in the vertebrates. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 215:117-31. [PMID: 25623148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This article will review current knowledge on CXCR in fish, that represent three distinct vertebrate groups: Agnatha (jawless fishes), Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) and Osteichthyes (bony fishes). With the sequencing of many fish genomes, information on CXCR in these species in particular has expanded considerably. In mammals, 6 CXCRs have been described, and their homologues will be initially reviewed before considering a number of atypical CXCRs and a discussion of CXCR evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zou
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK.
| | - Anthony K Redmond
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK; Centre for Genome-Enabled Biology and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Zhitao Qi
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture and Ecology of Coastal Pools of Jiangsu Province, Department of Ocean Technology, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| | - Helen Dooley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Chris J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
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Aziz M, Yang WL, Corbo LM, Chaung WW, Matsuo S, Wang P. MFG-E8 inhibits neutrophil migration through αvβ₃-integrin-dependent MAP kinase activation. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:18-28. [PMID: 25936372 PMCID: PMC4494603 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated the involvement of milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-factor 8 (MFG-E8) in reducing neutrophil infiltration in a murine model of acute lung injury (ALI). In the present study, we aimed to delineate the mechanisms through which MFG-E8 attenuates neutrophil migration. Recombinant human MFG-E8 (rhMFG-E8) was expressed and purified in our facility. The human differentiated neutrophil cell line, dHL-60, was treated with rhMFG-E8 and cell migration assay was performed in a Boyden chamber using recombinant interleukin-8 (IL-8) as the chemoattractant. Surface CXCR2 and intracellular G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) levels were evaluated by flow cytometry or western blot analysis. The levels of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases were determined by western blot analysis. Treatment with rhMFG-E8 resulted in a significant inhibition of dHL-60 cell migration in a dose-dependent manner. There was a 46% decrease in CXCR2 expression in the rhMFG-E8-treated dHL-60 cells, which was associated with a 32% increase in GRK2 expression. In the dHL-60 cells, treatment with rhMFG-E8 promoted the phosphorylation of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) within 10–30 min. The use of SB203580, a p38 inhibitor, and PD98059, an ERK inhibitor, resulted in the restoration of dHL-60 cell migration which was significantly inhibited treatment with rhMFG-E8. Furthermore, blocking the MFG-E8 receptors, αvβ3/αvβ5-integrins, by anti-αv-integrin neutralizing antibody (Ab) inhibited the activation of p38 and ERK, and reversed the rhMFG-E8-induced inhibition of dHL-60 cell migration. Finally, treatment of the dHL-60 cells with SB203580 and PD98059 neutralized the rhMFG-E8-induced downregulation of CXCR2 expression and upregulation of GRK2 expression, as well as the inhibitory effects on cell migration. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of action of MFG-E8 through which it inhibits neutrophil migration through αvβ3-integrin-dependent MAP kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monowar Aziz
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore‑LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Weng-Lang Yang
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore‑LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Lana M Corbo
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore‑LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Wayne W Chaung
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore‑LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Shingo Matsuo
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore‑LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore‑LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
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Molecular mechanisms underlying β-adrenergic receptor-mediated cross-talk between sympathetic neurons and immune cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:5635-65. [PMID: 25768345 PMCID: PMC4394497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16035635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-talk between the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and immune system is vital for health and well-being. Infection, tissue injury and inflammation raise firing rates of sympathetic nerves, increasing their release of norepinephrine (NE) in lymphoid organs and tissues. NE stimulation of β2-adrenergic receptors (ARs) in immune cells activates the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) intracellular signaling pathway, a pathway that interfaces with other signaling pathways that regulate proliferation, differentiation, maturation and effector functions in immune cells. Immune-SNS cross-talk is required to maintain homeostasis under normal conditions, to develop an immune response of appropriate magnitude after injury or immune challenge, and subsequently restore homeostasis. Typically, β2-AR-induced cAMP is immunosuppressive. However, many studies report actions of β2-AR stimulation in immune cells that are inconsistent with typical cAMP-PKA signal transduction. Research during the last decade in non-immune organs, has unveiled novel alternative signaling mechanisms induced by β2-AR activation, such as a signaling switch from cAMP-PKA to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. If alternative signaling occurs in immune cells, it may explain inconsistent findings of sympathetic regulation of immune function. Here, we review β2-AR signaling, assess the available evidence for alternative signaling in immune cells, and provide insight into the circumstances necessary for "signal switching" in immune cells.
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Zhang Q, Huang X, Yang J, Li M. A novel monoclonal antibody against human GRK6 antigen. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2015; 34:25-9. [PMID: 25723280 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2014.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6) plays a universal role in receptor desensitization, by acting as a receptor-G protein interface, thereby affecting serine/threonine kinases. In this study, a 20-aa-long peptide of human GRK6 C-terminus domain was synthesized and covalently coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). A mouse monoclonal antibody against human GRK6 (anti-GRK6 MAb) was successfully prepared through hybridoma technique by immunizing BALB/c mice with synthesized GRK6426-446-KLH peptides. A high specificity and affinity strain of hybridoma 5D12 were established. The titer of the purified anti-GRK6 MAb was 1.28 × 10(6) measured by indirect ELISA. Western blot and immunocytochemistry experiments were also applied to characterize the antibody specificity. Antibody absorption assays showed that the anti-GRK6 MAb can be blocked by GRK6426-446 peptides. These results indicated that the antibody could bind to GRK6 antigen specifically. This MAb provides valuable support for further studies on the functional properties of GRK6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- 1 Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
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Ciccarelli M, Rusciano M, Sorriento D, Maione AS, Soprano M, Iaccarino G, Illario M. Messages from the Border: Novel Insights in Signal Transduction Pathways Involved in Tumor Invasion and Metastasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2015.62022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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