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Palascha A, Chang BPI. Which messages about healthy and sustainable eating resonate best with consumers with low socio-economic status? Appetite 2024; 198:107350. [PMID: 38609012 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Consumers with low socioeconomic status (SES) eat less healthy and sustainable diets than consumers with higher status. This is attributed, at least in part, to inequalities in health communication. An online survey with 134 socioeconomically disadvantaged consumers in Italy was conducted to test the effectiveness of tailor-made communication material (infographics) about healthy and sustainable eating (HSE). Participants were recruited at two social supermarkets by a social service organisation as well as via a crowdsourcing platform. Participants found information about HSE delivered through infographics moderately effective in increasing motivation, capability, and opportunity for HSE, and moderately useful and likely to impact their behaviour. Certain messages were more effective than others for native consumers, while migrants showed more indifferent responses to the various messages and manifested lower motivation to shift towards HSE, limited access to and seeking of nutrition-related information, and lower trust in information sources. Selecting which messages to deliver strategically, while also considering differences between segments of the target audience and their preferred sources and channels for communication, is promising; yet, structural changes related to food's affordability and availability are also needed to facilitate an effective communication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Betty P I Chang
- European Food Information Council, Rue Belliard 2A, 1040 Brussels, Belgium
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2
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Hao Y, Hu L. Lower Childhood Socioeconomic Status Is Associated with Greater Neural Responses to Ambient Auditory Changes in Adulthood. J Cogn Neurosci 2024; 36:979-996. [PMID: 38579240 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Humans' early life experience varies by socioeconomic status (SES), raising the question of how this difference is reflected in the adult brain. An important aspect of brain function is the ability to detect salient ambient changes while focusing on a task. Here, we ask whether subjective social status during childhood is reflected by the way young adults' brain detecting changes in irrelevant information. In two studies (total n = 58), we examine electrical brain responses in the frontocentral region to a series of auditory tones, consisting of standard stimuli (80%) and deviant stimuli (20%) interspersed randomly, while participants were engaged in various visual tasks. Both studies showed stronger automatic change detection indexed by MMN in lower SES individuals, regardless of the unattended sound's feature, attended emotional content, or study type. Moreover, we observed a larger MMN in lower-SES participants, although they did not show differences in brain and behavior responses to the attended task. Lower-SES people also did not involuntarily orient more attention to sound changes (i.e., deviant stimuli), as indexed by the P3a. The study indicates that individuals with lower subjective social status may have an increased ability to automatically detect changes in their environment, which may suggest their adaptation to their childhood environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hao
- University of Pennsylvania
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3
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Krüger H. Everyday discrimination, co-ethnic social support and mood changes in young adult immigrants in Germany-Evidence from an ecological momentary assessment study. J Migr Health 2024; 9:100212. [PMID: 38282918 PMCID: PMC10820660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective In the context of international migration flows, Germany is the second largest receiving country of migrants in the world. The aim of this study is to investigate the momentary mood effects of discrimination experiences for young adult immigrants and which social resources can buffer negative effects. A distinction is made between the importance of inter and intra-ethnic interaction partners in processing stressors. Method Using an ecological momentary assessment design, first-generation migrants in Germany who had recently migrated from Poland, Turkey or Syria were interviewed three times a day over seven days in June 2021 (N individuals = 976; N observations = 11,470). The timing of the short surveys was chosen at random using a signal contingent sampling method. Participants reported their momentary mood and instances of discrimination, along with information on social support perception and interaction partners during the preceding hour in the context of their everyday lives. Hybrid mixed-effects regression models were estimated and the research questions were tested with three-way interactions. Results The results indicate that perceived social support only moderately buffers the negative effect of everyday discrimination experiences on mood. A positive main effect on mood is observed for situational variations in perceived social support as well as for support from interaction partners. Conclusion The findings illustrate that being embedded in supportive relationships is important in everyday life, regardless of the occurrence of stressors. Furthermore, the study suggests that the level of perceived support is more important for first-generation migrants than the ethnic origin of the support provider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Krüger
- Institute of Sociology and Social Psychology, University of Cologne, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, Köln 50923, Germany
- Institute of Sociology, RWTH Aachen University, Eilfschornsteinstraße 7, Aachen 52056, Germany
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Shapiro B, Fang Y, Sen S, Forger D. Unraveling the interplay of circadian rhythm and sleep deprivation on mood: A Real-World Study on first-year physicians. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2024; 3:e0000439. [PMID: 38295082 PMCID: PMC10829990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between circadian rhythms, time awake, and mood remains poorly understood in the real-world. Individuals in high-stress occupations with irregular schedules or nighttime shifts are particularly vulnerable to depression and other mood disorders. Advances in wearable technology have provided the opportunity to study these interactions outside of a controlled laboratory environment. Here, we examine the effects of circadian rhythms and time awake on mood in first-year physicians using wearables. Continuous heart rate, step count, sleep data, and daily mood scores were collected from 2,602 medical interns across 168,311 days of Fitbit data. Circadian time and time awake were extracted from minute-by-minute wearable heart rate and motion measurements. Linear mixed modeling determined the relationship between mood, circadian rhythm, and time awake. In this cohort, mood was modulated by circadian timekeeping (p<0.001). Furthermore, we show that increasing time awake both deteriorates mood (p<0.001) and amplifies mood's circadian rhythm nonlinearly. These findings demonstrate the contributions of both circadian rhythms and sleep deprivation to underlying mood and show how these factors can be studied in real-world settings using Fitbits. They underscore the promising opportunity to harness wearables in deploying chronotherapies for psychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Shapiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Health, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Yu Fang
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Srijan Sen
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Daniel Forger
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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5
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Jiang Y, Knauft KM, Richardson CME, Chung T, Wu B, Zilioli S. Age and Sex Differences in the Associations Among Socioeconomic Status, Affective Reactivity to Daily Stressors, and Physical Health in the MIDUS Study. Ann Behav Med 2023; 57:942-950. [PMID: 37369129 PMCID: PMC10578394 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low socioeconomic status (SES) is robustly associated with increased risks of morbidity and mortality. Affective reactivity to daily stressors has been proposed to be a mediator for this association. However, few longitudinal studies have empirically tested the indirect effect of SES on health through affective reactivity to daily stressors. PURPOSE This study aimed to test the indirect effect of SES on physical health via affective reactivity to daily stressors over a 10-year period and to explore age and sex differences in such indirect effect. METHODS Data were drawn from a subsample of 1,522 middle-aged and older adults (34-83 years of age, 57.2% female, 83.5% White) from the Midlife in the United States study. SES (i.e., education, household income, indicators of financial distress) was assessed in 2004-2006. Affective reactivity to daily stressors was computed using data collected during the 8-day daily stress assessment in 2004-2009. Self-reported physical health conditions were assessed in 2004-2006 and 2013-2014. RESULTS There was a significant indirect effect of lower SES on more physical health conditions via elevated negative affective reactivity to daily stressors among women but not men. The indirect effect of SES on physical health conditions via negative affective reactivity to daily stressors was consistent across the middle and older adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that negative affective reactivity to daily stressors might be a key intermediate process contributing to persistent SES disparities in physical health, particularly among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Jiang
- Center for Population Behavioral Health, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Tammy Chung
- Center for Population Behavioral Health, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Bei Wu
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuele Zilioli
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Rauf T. Differential sensitivity to adversity by income: Evidence from a study of Bereavement. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2023; 115:102920. [PMID: 37858363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Adverse life events are often understood as having negative consequences for mental health via objective hardships, which are worse for persons with less income. But adversity can also affect mental health via more subjective mechanisms, and here, it is possible that persons with higher income will exhibit greater psychological sensitivity to negative events, for various reasons. Drawing on multiple sociological literatures, this article theorizes potential mechanisms of increasing sensitivity with income. The proposition of differential sensitivity is tested using the strategic case of spousal and parental bereavement among older US adults. The analyses find consistent evidence of increasing sensitivity of depressive symptoms with income. A series of robustness checks indicate that findings are not due to endogenous or antecedent selection. Further, exploratory analyses of mechanisms suggest that higher sensitivity among the affluent was driven by greater expectations and better relationship quality with the deceased. These findings problematize the conceptualization and assessment of human suffering in economically stratified societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamkinat Rauf
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Kraft P, Kraft B. Exploring the relationship between multiple dimensions of subjective socioeconomic status and self-reported physical and mental health: the mediating role of affect. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1138367. [PMID: 37575108 PMCID: PMC10416252 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1138367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate the predictive effects of two types of subjective socioeconomic status on self-reported physical and mental health. Specifically, we examined the MacArthur Scale (MacArthur) which measures perceived socioeconomic rank in the society and a novel scale called ComSim, which assessed how participants compared themselves socioeconomically to others coming from a similar socioeconomic background. We also considered the influence of income, education, and personal relative deprivation (PRD) in these analyses. Additionally, we explored whether these effects were mediated through negative and positive affect. Methods The data were collected through a cross-sectional, two-wave survey of 294 women and 294 men, with a mean age 41.6 years. Participants were recruited via an online platform. Results The results from multivariate regression models revealed that socioeconomic status measured with both the MacArthur Scale and ComSim significantly predicted both self-reported health measures, whereas income and education did not predict any of these measures in the full multivariate models. PRD only predicted self-reported mental health. Mediation analyses showed that negative and positive affect mediated the relationships between socioeconomic status measured by ComSim and self-reported health measures. Discussion These findings are discussed in the context of the similarity hypothesis of social comparison theory. The results underscore the importance of considering multiple dimensions when examining socioeconomic health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pål Kraft
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brage Kraft
- Division of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Kokorikou DS, Sarigiannidis I, Fiore VG, Parkin B, Hopkins A, El-Deredy W, Dilley L, Moutoussis M. Testing hypotheses about the harm that capitalism causes to the mind and brain: a theoretical framework for neuroscience research. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2023; 8:1030115. [PMID: 37404338 PMCID: PMC10315660 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2023.1030115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we will attempt to outline the key ideas of a theoretical framework for neuroscience research that reflects critically on the neoliberal capitalist context. We argue that neuroscience can and should illuminate the effects of neoliberal capitalism on the brains and minds of the population living under such socioeconomic systems. Firstly, we review the available empirical research indicating that the socio-economic environment is harmful to minds and brains. We, then, describe the effects of the capitalist context on neuroscience itself by presenting how it has been influenced historically. In order to set out a theoretical framework that can generate neuroscientific hypotheses with regards to the effects of the capitalist context on brains and minds, we suggest a categorization of the effects, namely deprivation, isolation and intersectional effects. We also argue in favor of a neurodiversity perspective [as opposed to the dominant model of conceptualizing neural (mal-)functioning] and for a perspective that takes into account brain plasticity and potential for change and adaptation. Lastly, we discuss the specific needs for future research as well as a frame for post-capitalist research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae S. Kokorikou
- Psychoanalysis Unit, Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Sarigiannidis
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo G. Fiore
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Beth Parkin
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Hopkins
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wael El-Deredy
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería en Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Laura Dilley
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Michael Moutoussis
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, United Kingdom
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Jorgensen NA, Muscatell KA, McCormick EM, Prinstein MJ, Lindquist KA, Telzer EH. Neighborhood disadvantage, race/ethnicity and neural sensitivity to social threat and reward among adolescents. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:6731858. [PMID: 36178870 PMCID: PMC9949505 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiences within one's social environment shape neural sensitivity to threatening and rewarding social cues. However, in racialized societies like the USA, youth from minoritized racial/ethnic backgrounds can have different experiences and perceptions within neighborhoods that share similar characteristics. The current study examined how neighborhood disadvantage intersects with racial/ethnic background in relation to neural sensitivity to social cues. A racially diverse (59 Hispanic/Latine, 48 White, 37 Black/African American, 15 multi-racial and 6 other) and primarily low to middle socioeconomic status sample of 165 adolescents (88 female; Mage = 12.89) completed a social incentive delay task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. We tested for differences in the association between neighborhood disadvantage and neural responses to social threat and reward cues across racial/ethnic groups. For threat processing, compared to White youth, neighborhood disadvantage was related to greater neural activation in regions involved in salience detection (e.g. anterior cingulate cortex) for Black youth and regions involved in mentalizing (e.g. temporoparietal junction) for Latine youth. For reward processing, neighborhood disadvantage was related to greater brain activation in reward, salience and mentalizing regions for Black youth only. This study offers a novel exploration of diversity within adolescent neural development and important insights into our understanding of how social environments may 'get under the skull' differentially across racial/ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Jorgensen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27510-3270, USA
| | - Keely A Muscatell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27510-3270, USA
| | - Ethan M McCormick
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, RB Leiden 2300, The Netherlands
| | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27510-3270, USA
| | - Kristen A Lindquist
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27510-3270, USA
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Correspondence should be addressed to Eva H. Telzer, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Box #3270, 235 E. Cameron Ave, Chapel Hill, NC 27510-3270, USA. E-mail:
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10
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Hao Y, De France K, Evans GW. Persistence on challenging tasks mediates the relationship between childhood poverty and mental health problems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2022; 46:562-567. [PMID: 36793997 PMCID: PMC9928164 DOI: 10.1177/01650254221116870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Childhood disadvantage is associated with psychological distress throughout the lifespan. Poor children are alleged to give up more often than their more privileged peers when facing challenges. Yet little research has examined the role of task persistence in poverty and mental health. We test whether poverty-related deficits in persistence contribute to the well-documented link between childhood disadvantage and mental health. We used growth curve modeling to analyze three waves (age 9, 13, and 17) of data assessing the trajectories of persistence on challenging tasks and mental health. Childhood poverty is the proportion of time participants lived in poverty from birth to age 9. We found that individuals experiencing more poverty in early childhood demonstrate less persistence and deteriorated mental health from ages 9 to 17. As expected, task persistence accounts for a portion of the robust childhood poverty - worsening mental health association. Clinical research on childhood disadvantage is in the early stages of unpacking underlying reasons why childhood poverty is bad for psychological well-being throughout life, revealing potential points of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hao
- Center for Neuroscience & Society, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Gary W. Evans
- Department of Human Centered Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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11
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Huggins AA, McTeague LM, Davis MM, Bustos N, Crum KI, Polcyn R, Adams ZW, Carpenter LA, Hajcak G, Halliday CA, Joseph JE, Danielson CK. Neighborhood Disadvantage Associated With Blunted Amygdala Reactivity to Predictable and Unpredictable Threat in a Community Sample of Youth. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 2:242-252. [PMID: 35928141 PMCID: PMC9348572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood socioeconomic disadvantage is a form of adversity associated with alterations in critical frontolimbic circuits involved in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Most work has focused on individual-level socioeconomic position, yet individuals living in deprived communities typically encounter additional environmental stressors that have unique effects on the brain and health outcomes. Notably, chronic and unpredictable stressors experienced in the everyday lives of youth living in disadvantaged neighborhoods may impact neural responsivity to uncertain threat. METHODS A community sample of children (N = 254) ages 8 to 15 years (mean = 12.15) completed a picture anticipation task during a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan, during which neutral and negatively valenced photos were presented in a temporally predictable or unpredictable manner. Area Deprivation Index (ADI) scores were derived from participants' home addresses as an index of relative neighborhood disadvantage. Voxelwise analyses examined interactions of ADI, valence, and predictability on neural response to picture presentation. RESULTS There was a significant ADI × valence interaction in the middle temporal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. Higher ADI was associated with less amygdala activation to negatively valenced images. ADI also interacted with predictability. Higher ADI was associated with greater activation of lingual and calcarine gyri for unpredictably presented stimuli. There was no three-way interaction of ADI, valence, and predictability. CONCLUSIONS Neighborhood disadvantage may impact how the brain perceives and responds to potential threats. Future longitudinal work is critical for delineating how such effects may persist across the life span and how health outcomes may be modifiable with community-based interventions and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A. Huggins
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lisa M. McTeague
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Megan M. Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nicholas Bustos
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kathleen I. Crum
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Rachel Polcyn
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zachary W. Adams
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Laura A. Carpenter
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Colleen A. Halliday
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jane E. Joseph
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Carla Kmett Danielson
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Willner CJ, Hoffmann JD, Bailey CS, Harrison AP, Garcia B, Ng ZJ, Cipriano C, Brackett MA. The Development of Cognitive Reappraisal From Early Childhood Through Adolescence: A Systematic Review and Methodological Recommendations. Front Psychol 2022; 13:875964. [PMID: 35814075 PMCID: PMC9258621 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.875964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive reappraisal is an important emotion regulation strategy that shows considerable developmental change in its use and effectiveness. This paper presents a systematic review of the evidence base regarding the development of cognitive reappraisal from early childhood through adolescence and provides methodological recommendations for future research. We searched Scopus, PsycINFO, and ERIC for empirical papers measuring cognitive reappraisal in normative samples of children and youth between the ages of 3 and 18 years published in peer-reviewed journals through August 9th, 2018. We identified 118 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We first present a quantitative review of the methodologies used to investigate cognitive reappraisal in children and adolescents, with attention to variations in methodologies by the sample age range. We then present a qualitative review of findings with attention to: (1) the age at which children begin to effectively use cognitive reappraisal to regulate their emotions, and (2) developmental changes in cognitive reappraisal from early childhood through adolescence. We consider how methodological differences may contribute to inconsistencies in findings, highlight gaps in the literature that remain to be addressed, and make recommendations for future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica D. Hoffmann
- Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence, Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Hao Y, Farah MJ. The affective neuroscience of socioeconomic status: implications for mental health - CORRIGENDUM. BJPsych Bull 2021; 46:1. [PMID: 34915957 PMCID: PMC9768493 DOI: 10.1192/bjb.2021.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Rakesh D, Whittle S. Socioeconomic status and the developing brain - A systematic review of neuroimaging findings in youth. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 130:379-407. [PMID: 34474050 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A growing literature has shown associations between socioeconomic disadvantage and neural properties (such as brain structure and function). In this review, we aimed to synthesize findings on the neural correlates of socioeconomic status (SES) in youth samples across neuroimaging modalities. We also aimed to disentangle the effects of different SES measures (e.g., parent income and education) in our synthesis. We found relatively consistent patterns of positive associations between SES and both volume and cortical surface area of frontal regions, and amygdala, hippocampal, and striatal volume (with most consistent results for composite SES indices). Despite limited longitudinal work, results suggest that SES is associated with developmental trajectories of gray matter structure. Higher SES was also found to be associated with increased fractional anisotropy of some white matter tracts, although there were more null than positive findings. Finally, methodological heterogeneity in brain function and connectivity studies prevented us from making strong inferences. Based on our findings, we make recommendations for future research, discuss the role of mitigating factors, and implications for policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyangana Rakesh
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, VIC, Australia
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15
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Parental Education, Household Income, and Cortical Surface Area among 9-10 Years Old Children: Minorities' Diminished Returns. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10120956. [PMID: 33317053 PMCID: PMC7763341 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although the effects of parental education and household income on children's brain development are well established, less is known about possible variation in these effects across diverse racial and ethnic groups. According to the Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) phenomenon, due to structural racism, social stratification, and residential segregation, parental educational attainment and household income show weaker effects for non-White than White children. Purpose: Built on the MDRs framework and conceptualizing race as a social rather than a biological factor, this study explored racial and ethnic variation in the magnitude of the effects of parental education and household income on children's whole-brain cortical surface area. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we used baseline socioeconomic and structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Our analytical sample was 10,262 American children between ages 9 and 10. The independent variables were parental education and household income. The primary outcome was the children's whole-brain cortical surface area. Age, sex, and family marital status were covariates. Race and ethnicity were the moderators. We used mixed-effects regression models for data analysis as participants were nested within families and study sites. Results: High parental education and household income were associated with larger children's whole-brain cortical surface area. The effects of high parental education and high household income on children's whole-brain cortical surface area were modified by race. Compared to White children, Black children showed a diminished return of high parental education on the whole-brain cortical surface area when compared to White children. Asian American children showed weaker effects of household income on the whole-brain cortical surface area when compared to White children. We could not find differential associations between parental education and household income with the whole-brain cortical surface area, when compared to White children, for non-Hispanic and Hispanic children. Conclusions: The effects of parental educational attainment and household income on children's whole-brain cortical surface area are weaker in non-White than White families. Although parental education and income contribute to children's brain development, these effects are unequal across racial groups.
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