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Lee S, Elam K, Lohrmann D, Luo J, Chow A, Seo DC. Prospective longitudinal relations among frequent social media use, nicotine vaping and experiencing internalizing mental health problems. Addiction 2024; 119:1751-1761. [PMID: 38961689 DOI: 10.1111/add.16601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To compare four a priori rival mediated pathways of frequent social media use, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use and internalizing mental health (MH) problems across five waves of nationally representative data. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This was a longitudinal study using data drawn from waves 2-5 (October 2014-November 2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative cohort study spanning approximately 5 years, conducted in the United States. The analytical sample of participants included those who were aged 12-14 years at wave 2 and who provided data in subsequent waves until wave 4.5 (n = 4627, 69.7% were White and 51.4% were male). MEASUREMENTS Frequent social media use (several times a day), ENDS use (past 30-day use) and internalizing MH problems (endorsed symptoms on four items in the past year) were dichotomized for analysis. FINDINGS The weighted proportions of the three key variables increased over time. From wave 2 to wave 5, frequent social media use grew from 56.9 to 77.2%; internalizing MH problems from 18.9 to 29.0%; and ENDS use from 1.4 to 11.4%. In weighted logistic regressions using generalized linear mixed models with random effects, there was a significant within-person association between frequent social media use at time t and greater ENDS use at t + 1 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.87; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.47, 2.37] and worsened internalizing MH problems at t + 1 (aOR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.37). A model-based causal mediation analysis and marginal structural models were fitted to estimate the average causal mediation effect. Among all four examined mediation pathways throughout the three constructs, partial mediation was observed, and all the pathways were significant for both boys and girls. Sex differences did not emerge in the examined prospective mediated pathways. CONCLUSIONS Among youth in the United States, frequent social media use appears to mediate the prospective association between experiencing internalizing mental health problems and using electronic nicotine delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shieun Lee
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kit Elam
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health-, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - David Lohrmann
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health-, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health-, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Angela Chow
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health-, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Dong-Chul Seo
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health-, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Airagnes G, Sánchez-Rico M, Deguilhem A, Blanco C, Olfson M, Ouazana Vedrines C, Lemogne C, Limosin F, Hoertel N. Nicotine dependence and incident psychiatric disorders: prospective evidence from US national study. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02748-6. [PMID: 39261672 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02748-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
We examined the prospective associations between nicotine dependence and the likelihood of psychiatric and substance use disorders in the general adult population. Participants came from a nationally representative sample of US adults aged 18 years or older, who were interviewed 3 years apart in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (Wave 1, 2001-2002; Wave 2, 2004-2005). The primary analyses were limited to 32,671 respondents (13,751 male (47.9% weighted); mean age of 45 years (SD = 0.18)) who were interviewed in both waves. We used multiple regression and propensity score matching (PSM) to estimate the strength of independent associations between nicotine dependence related to the use of tobacco products at Wave 1 and incident psychiatric disorders at Wave 2. Psychiatric disorders were measured with a structured interview (Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-DSM-IV). All analyses adjusted for multiple potential confounders, including childhood (family history of substance use disorders, parental loss, vulnerable family environment), early-adolescence (self-esteem, social deviance, conduct disorder), late-adolescence (education, personality and psychiatric disorders), adulthood (divorce, stressful life events, social deviance, quality of life, history of alcohol or other substance use disorder), and sociodemographic factors. Multiple regression analysis and PSM converged in indicating that nicotine dependence was associated with significantly increased incidence of any psychiatric disorder (OR = 1.39(95%CI:1.20;1.60)), including substance use disorders (OR = 1.91(95%CI:1.47;2.47)), and anxiety disorders (OR = 1.31(95%CI:1.06;1.62)). Population Attributable Risk Proportions were substantial, ranging from 12.5%(95%CI:8.10;17.0) for any psychiatric disorder to 33.3%(95%CI:18.7;48.0) for any other drug use disorder. Supplementary analyses also indicated significant associations between nicotine dependence and persistence of psychiatric and substance use disorders among patients having a disorder at Wave 1. In the general adult population, nicotine dependence is associated with an increased likelihood for several psychiatric and substance use disorders. Given its high prevalence, these findings have important public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Airagnes
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France.
- INSERM UMS011, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, Villejuif, France.
| | - Marina Sánchez-Rico
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Amélia Deguilhem
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Carlos Blanco
- Division of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Olfson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Ouazana Vedrines
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Cédric Lemogne
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR_1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Hoertel
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR_1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience de Paris, Paris, France
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Mao Q, Zhu X, Kong Y. Sleep duration mediates the association between heavy metals and the prevalence of depression: an integrated approach from the NHANES (2005-2020). Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1455896. [PMID: 39286395 PMCID: PMC11404323 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1455896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study investigates the association between heavy metal exposure and the prevalence of depression, with the mediating role of sleep duration. Method Our study investigated the association between heavy metal concentration and depression risk in the NHANES from 2005 to 2020. We used logistic regression analysis, WQS regression model and BKMR model to assess the association. Mediation analysis was performed to explore the role of sleep duration in heavy metal exposure-induced depression. Result Of the 10,825 individuals included in this study, 705 (6.85%) were diagnosed with depression. We found a positive association between the cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), wolfram (W) concentration and the prevalence of depression. Moreover, heavy metals mixtures were positively correlated with the prevalence of depression, with Cd identified as the main contributor in the WQS regression model (0.4654). Furthermore, sleep duration mediated the association between Cd, molybdenum (Mo), Pb, Sb, W exposure and prevalence of depression, explaining 3.12%, 15.84%, 18.24%, 9.56%, 3.68% of the effect. Conclusion The findings affirm that heavy metal exposure is linked to higher depression incidence and that this relationship is partly mediated by sleep duration alterations. The study underscores the importance of environmental health monitoring and interventions aimed at reducing heavy metal exposure to mitigate its psychological impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Mao
- Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Banan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuzhe Kong
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Velioglu HA, Yıldız S, Ozdemir-Oktem E, Cankaya S, Lundmark AK, Ozsimsek A, Hanoglu L, Yulug B. Smoking affects global and regional brain entropy in depression patients regardless of depression: Preliminary findings. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 177:147-152. [PMID: 39018709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the effect of smoking on global and regional brain entropy in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), aiming to elucidate the relationship between smoking habits and brain network complexity in depression. METHODS The study enrolled 24 MDD patients, divided into smokers and non-smokers, from Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University and Istanbul Medipol University. Resting-state fMRI data were acquired and processed. The complexity of neuronal activity was assessed using dispersion entropy, with statistical significance determined by a suite of tests including Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Student's t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS The smoking cohort exhibited higher global brain entropy compared to the non-smoking group (p = 0.033), with significant differences in various brain networks, indicating that smoking may alter global brain activity and network dynamics in individuals with MDD. CONCLUSION The study provides evidence that smoking is associated with increased brain entropy in MDD patients, suggesting that chronic smoking may influence cognitive and emotional networks. This underscores the importance of considering smoking history in the treatment and prognosis of MDD. The findings call for further research to understand the mechanistic links between smoking, brain entropy, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Aziz Velioglu
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; Functional Imaging and Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience Lab (fINCAN), Health Sciences and Technology Research Institute (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sultan Yıldız
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Program of Neuroscience Ph.D., Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ece Ozdemir-Oktem
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey
| | - Seyda Cankaya
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet Ozsimsek
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey
| | - Lütfü Hanoglu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burak Yulug
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey.
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Xu Y, Ning W, Zhang Y, Ba Y, Liu H, Liu L, Wang L, Guo C, Xu H, Weng S, Zhou Z, Cai Z, Ma H, Zhang G, Jia Y, Han X. Associations Between Cardiovascular Health (Life's Essential 8) and Mental Disorders. Clin Cardiol 2024; 47:e70019. [PMID: 39314085 PMCID: PMC11420513 DOI: 10.1002/clc.70019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health was closely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to investigate the association between cardiovascular health (CVH), as defined by Life's Essential 8 (LE8), and the presence of depression and anxiety. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that CVH, as defined by LE8, was negatively associated with the prevalence of depression and anxiety. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on participants (≥ 20 years old) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The LE8 score (ranging from 0 to 100) was composed of the health behavior score and the health factor score, which were further categorized into three levels as follows: low (0-49), moderate (50-79), and high (80-100). Weighted multivariable logistic regressions and restricted cubic splines were utilized to assess the association between LE8 and mental disorders. RESULTS Among the 13 028 participants included in this research, 1206 were determined to have depression symptoms and 2947 were determined to have anxiety symptoms. In the weighted and adjusted model, LE8 was negatively associated with the prevalence of depression (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61, 0.58-0.65) and anxiety (OR, 95% CI: 0.78, 0.75-0.81). Furthermore, a nonlinear dose-response relationship was observed between LE8 and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS CVH defined by the LE8 was independently and negatively associated with the prevalence of depression and anxiety. Interventions targeting LE8 components may improve both CVH and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Xu
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Wenjing Ning
- School of NursingThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong
| | - Yuyuan Zhang
- Department of Interventional RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yuhao Ba
- Department of Interventional RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Huimin Liu
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Chunguang Guo
- Department of Endovascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Interventional RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Siyuan Weng
- Department of Interventional RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhaokai Zhou
- Department of Urology SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Zongao Cai
- Department of Vascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Hongxuan Ma
- Department of Kidney TransportationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yanjie Jia
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan ProvinceZhengzhouHenanChina
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Garey L, Thai JM, Zvolensky MJ, Smits JAJ. Exercise and Smoking Cessation. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39090290 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Smoking is a public health crisis, leading to a multitude of health complications. Exercise is associated with numerous health benefits and is accepted by health professionals and smokers as a potentially effective smoking cessation aid. This chapter discusses the extant literature on the relation between exercise and smoking, including cross-sectional studies, experiments, and randomized clinical trials. There is robust evidence for exercise's efficacy in reducing cigarette craving, tobacco withdrawal symptoms, and negative affect. Further, exercise-based interventions appear to boost short-term abstinence yet may fall short of facilitating long-term abstinence. Methodological limitations of extant work are reviewed. We conclude with a discussion of the next steps in this line of work to fine-tune exercise interventions and their application for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorra Garey
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jessica M Thai
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jasper A J Smits
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Sifaki M, Flouri E, Midouhas E. Paternal and maternal psychological distress and adolescent health risk behaviors: The role of sensitive periods. J Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 39072763 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent health risk behaviors are linked to poor physical and mental health outcomes. While past research shows that maternal psychological distress predicts those behaviors, we know less about the role of paternal psychological distress and the role of sensitive periods. METHODS Using 11,128 data from families (50.5% female children) from the UK's Millennium Cohort Study, we examined the role of timing of exposure to paternal and maternal psychological distress in engagement in health risk behaviors (smoking, alcohol use, binge drinking, and sexual activity) at age 14. Paternal and maternal psychological distress, measured with the Kessler-6 scale, were assessed at child ages 3, 7, and 11. We performed path analysis, adjusting for key covariates, modeling maternal distress parallel to paternal, and allowing for autoregressive paths. RESULTS Paternal distress experienced at age 11 predicted a higher likelihood of smoking at age 14. Maternal distress at age 7 also predicted a higher likelihood of smoking, alcohol use, and binge drinking, but only for boys. Moreover, maternal distress at age 3 was associated with a lower risk for alcohol use. Effects were not replicated in the sensitivity analysis we performed, including only families with resident biological fathers across the study period. Instead, maternal and paternal distress at age 11 raised girls' risk for binge drinking and sexual activity, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Parental distress in early childhood does not predict adolescent health risk behaviors. In late childhood, however, both paternal and maternal distress seem to influence the likelihood of engagement in such behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sifaki
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, London, UK
| | - Eirini Flouri
- Department on Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Emily Midouhas
- Department on Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, London, UK
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Zhu F, Guo J, Zheng W. Associations between sarcopenia and depression in middle-aged and older adults: the moderating effect of smoking. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15187. [PMID: 38956420 PMCID: PMC11219743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study were to estimate associations of sarcopenic status with depressive symptoms. We used mixed-effects linear model to estimate longitudinal association between sarcopenic status and rate of change in 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scores, and used Cox regression model to estimate the association between sarcopenic status and incident depression (CES-D ≥ 10). Stratification analyses were performed when the interactions between sarcopenic status and covariates were significant. A total of 6522 participants were ultimately included. After adjusting for covariates, participants with possible sarcopenia (β = 0.117; 95% CI 0.067 to 0.166; P < 0.001) and sarcopenia (β: 0.093; 95% CI 0.027-0.159; P < 0.001) had a faster increase in CES-D scores compared with normal individuals. Interactions between smoking and sarcopenic status were significant (Pinteraction < 0.05). We found significantly positive associations of sarcopenic status with CES-D scores in nonsmokers, but not in current and past smokers. Besides, compared with normal participants, those with possible sarcopenia (HR 1.15; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.27) and sarcopenia (HR 1.28; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.46) (Ptrend < 0.001) had elevated risks of incident depression. Sarcopenia is associated with a faster increase in CES-D scores and increased risks of depression among Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Stronger associations between sarcopenia and trajectory of CES-D scores were found in nonsmokers than in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyun Zhu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Office 412, 548# Bingjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijun Zheng
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Office 412, 548# Bingjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
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Guo J, Garshick E, Si F, Tang Z, Lian X, Wang Y, Li J, Koutrakis P. Environmental Toxicant Exposure and Depressive Symptoms. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2420259. [PMID: 38958973 PMCID: PMC11222999 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.20259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Recognizing associations between exposure to common environmental toxicants and mental disorders such as depression is crucial for guiding targeted mechanism research and the initiation of disease prevention efforts. Objectives To comprehensively screen and assess the associations between potential environmental toxicants and depressive symptoms and to assess whether systemic inflammation serves as a mediator. Design, Setting, and Participants A total of 3427 participants from the 2013-2014 and 2015-2016 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination and Survey who had information on blood or urine concentrations of environmental toxicants and depression scores assessed by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were included. Statistical analysis was performed from July 1, 2023, to January 31, 2024. Exposures Sixty-two toxicants in 10 categories included acrylamide, arsenic, ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, iodine, metals, nicotine metabolites, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compound (VOC) metabolites; and perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate. Main Outcomes and Measures An exposome-wide association study and the deletion-substitution-addition algorithm were used to assess associations with depression scores (PHQ-9 ≥5) adjusted for other important covariates. A mediation analysis framework was used to evaluate the mediating role of systemic inflammation assessed by the peripheral white blood cell count. Results Among the 3427 adults included, 1735 (50.6%) were women, 2683 (78.3%) were younger than 65 years, and 744 (21.7%) were 65 years or older, with 839 (24.5%) having depressive symptoms. In terms of race and ethnicity, 570 participants (16.6%) were Mexican American, 679 (19.8%) were non-Hispanic Black, and 1314 (38.3%) were non-Hispanic White. We identified associations between 27 chemical compounds or metals in 6 of 10 categories of environmental toxicants and the prevalence of depressive symptoms, including the VOC metabolites N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxy-3-butenyl)-l-cysteine (odds ratio [OR], 1.74 [95% CI, 1.38, 2.18]) and total nicotine equivalent-2 (OR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.26-1.59]). Men and younger individuals appear more vulnerable to environmental toxicants than women and older individuals. Peripheral white blood cell count mediated 5% to 19% of the associations. Conclusions and Relevance In this representative cross-sectional study of adults with environmental toxicant exposures, 6 categories of environmental toxicants were associated with depressive symptoms with mediation by systemic inflammation. This research provides insight into selecting environmental targets for mechanistic research into the causes of depression and facilitating efforts to reduce environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Guo
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Eric Garshick
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine Section, Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Feifei Si
- Peking University Sixth Hospital Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Tang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyao Lian
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Kiviruusu O, Berg N, Piirtola M, Viertiö S, Suvisaari J, Korhonen T, Marttunen M. Life-Course Associations Between Smoking and Depressive Symptoms. A 30-Year Finnish Follow-up Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:843-851. [PMID: 38243907 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Relatively little is known about whether the association between smoking and depressive symptoms changes with age and how the trajectories of smoking and depressive symptoms are intertwined during the life course. In this population-based study, these associations were examined from young adulthood to middle age. METHODS Participants of a Finnish cohort study (N = 1955) were assessed at the ages of 22, 32, 42, and 52 using questionnaires covering daily smoking (yes/no) and the short 13-item Beck Depression Inventory. Longitudinal latent class and longitudinal latent profile analyses were used to identify life course trajectories of smoking and depressive symptoms. RESULTS The proportions of daily smokers decreased, while levels of depressive symptoms increased among both females and males from age 22 to 52 years. Smoking was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms from age 22 to 42 years, while not at 52. Associations among males prevailed when adjusting for education, marital status, and alcohol use. Four life course classes of daily smoking (nonsmokers, decreasing prevalence of smoking, persistent smokers, and increasing prevalence of smoking) and four trajectories of depressive symptoms (low, increasing/moderate, decreasing/moderate, and high) were identified. In males, persistent daily smokers (relative risk ratio (RRR) = 4.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.2 to 9.2) and those in the class with increasing smoking prevalence (RRR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.1 to 9.1) had an increased risk of belonging to the high depressive symptoms profile. In females these associations were nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS Compared to females, the relationship between smoking and depressive symptoms seems more robust among males during adulthood. Specifically, males smoking persistently from young adulthood to middle age have an increased risk of high depressive symptoms trajectory. IMPLICATIONS This population-based cohort with 30 years of follow-up showed that the life course trajectories of daily smoking and depressive symptoms are associated. Persistent daily smokers and those starting late had an increased risk of belonging to the profile with constantly high levels of depressive symptoms during the life course. However, these associations were statistically significant only in males. Actions should be strengthened, especially in males, to prevent smoking initiation, to help smoking cessation, and to identify and treat depression in smokers with significant depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Kiviruusu
- Mental Health Team, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Berg
- Mental Health Team, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Lifestyle and Rehabilitation in Long-Term Illness, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Piirtola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research , Tampere, Finland
| | - Satu Viertiö
- Mental Health Team, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Mental Health Team, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tellervo Korhonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mauri Marttunen
- Mental Health Team, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Ng THJ, Sarikahya MH, Hudson R, Szkudlarek HJ, Pérez-Valenzuela E, Uzuneser TC, Proud E, Gummerson D, Youssef M, Machado M, Zhaksylyk K, DeVuono MV, Chen C, Yeung KKC, Rushlow WJ, Laviolette SR. Adolescent nicotine exposure induces long-term, sex-specific disturbances in mood and anxiety-related behavioral, neuronal and molecular phenotypes in the mesocorticolimbic system. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1171-1182. [PMID: 38521861 PMCID: PMC11109238 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The majority of lifetime smokers begin using nicotine during adolescence, a critical period of brain development wherein neural circuits critical for mood, affect and cognition are vulnerable to drug-related insults. Specifically, brain regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and hippocampus, are implicated in both nicotine dependence and pathological phenotypes linked to mood and anxiety disorders. Clinical studies report that females experience higher rates of mood/anxiety disorders and are more resistant to smoking cessation therapies, suggesting potential sex-specific responses to nicotine exposure and later-life neuropsychiatric risk. However, the potential neural and molecular mechanisms underlying such sex differences are not clear. In the present study, we compared the impacts of adolescent nicotine exposure in male vs. female rat cohorts. We performed a combination of behavioral, electrophysiological and targeted protein expression analyses along with matrix assisted laser deionization imaging (MALDI) immediately post-adolescent exposure and later in early adulthood. We report that adolescent nicotine exposure induced long-lasting anxiety/depressive-like behaviors, disrupted neuronal activity patterns in the mPFC-VTA network and molecular alterations in various neural regions linked to affect, anxiety and cognition. Remarkably, these phenotypes were only observed in males and/or were expressed in the opposite direction in females. These findings identify a series of novel, sex-selective biomarkers for adolescent nicotine-induced neuropsychiatric risk, persisting into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsun Hay Jason Ng
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Mohammed H Sarikahya
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Roger Hudson
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Hanna J Szkudlarek
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Enzo Pérez-Valenzuela
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Taygun C Uzuneser
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Emma Proud
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Dana Gummerson
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Miray Youssef
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Madeline Machado
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Kuralay Zhaksylyk
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Marieka V DeVuono
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Chaochao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Ken K-C Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Walter J Rushlow
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Steven R Laviolette
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada.
- Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute (CHRI), London, ON, Canada.
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12
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Huang YQ, Xu JN, Huang Y, Xu YD, Wang HL, Shi WT, Wang J, Wang H. Independent and combined effects of smoking, drinking and depression on periodontal disease. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:535. [PMID: 38711116 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a complex chronic inflammatory disease that is particularly associated with health-related conditions such as smoking, excessive drinking and depression. This research aimed to investigate the interaction between these lifestyles factors on periodontitis risk. METHODS This study included participants who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States between 2009 and 2014. They had completed oral health-periodontal examination, Smoking-Cigarette Use Questionnaire, Alcohol Use Questionnaire, and Patient Health Questionnaire. Periodontal clinical attachment loss (CAL) of 3 mm or more and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) of 10 scores or more were used to identify periodontitis and depression, respectively. Daily alcohol consumption in the past year was classified into three levels: low (1 drink or less), moderate (between 1 and 3 drinks), and heavy drinking (4 drinks or more), while smoking was defined as having smoked at least 100 cigarettes in one's lifetime. Then, the logistic regression combined with interaction models were used to analyze the independent and combined effects of smoking, drinking and depression on periodontitis risk. RESULTS The results indicated a statistically significant multiplicative interaction between smoking and depression in relation to the development of periodontitis, both in the overall population (P = 0.03) and among male participants (P = 0.03). Furthermore, among individuals experiencing depression, smoking was found to significantly increase the prevalence of periodontitis by 129% in the younger age group compared to non-smokers (odds ratio [OR]: 2.29; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10 to 4.76). However, the interaction between smoking and alcohol consumption was only significant among females (P < 0.05). There was a dose-dependent relationship between drinking frequency and smoking on periodontitis prevalence. In the smoking population, occasional drinking (OR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.22 to 2.37) and regular drinking (OR: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.68 to 3.11) significantly increased the prevalence of periodontitis compared to individuals without these two factors. CONCLUSION These results suggested that there were interactive effects between smoking, drinking and depression on periodontitis risk and policies aimed at healthy behaviours and mental health may be beneficial for our oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Huang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - J N Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Huang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Y D Xu
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - H L Wang
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - W T Shi
- Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - H Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Wang T, Liu H, Zhou X, Wang C. The effect of retirement on physical and mental health in China: a nonparametric fuzzy regression discontinuity study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1184. [PMID: 38678184 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18649-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the rapid aging of the domestic population, China has a strong incentive to increase the statutory retirement age. How retirement affects the health of the elderly is crucial to this policymaking. The health consequences of retirement have been debated greatly. This study aims to investigate the effects of retirement on physical and mental health among Chinese elderly people. METHODS The data we use in this study comes from four waves (2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018) of the Harmonized China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (Harmonized CHARLS), a prospective cohort. We use the nonparametric fuzzy regression discontinuity design to estimate the effects of retirement on physical and mental health. We test the robustness of our results with respect to different bandwidths, kernel functions, and polynomial orders. We also explore the heterogeneity across gender and education. RESULTS Results show that retirement has an insignificant effect on a series of physical and mental health outcomes, with and without adjusting several sociodemographic variables. Heterogeneity exists regarding gender and education. Although stratified analyses indicate that the transition from working to retirement leaves minimal effects on males and females, the effects go in the opposite direction. This finding holds for low-educated and high-educated groups for health outcomes including depression and cognitive function. Most of the results are stable with respect to different bandwidths, kernel functions, and polynomial orders. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that it is possible to delay the statutory retirement age in China as retirement has insignificant effects on physical and mental health. However, further research is needed to assess the long-term effect of retirement on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Center of Biostatistics, Design, Measurement and Evaluation (CBDME), Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huizhen Liu
- Center of Biostatistics, Design, Measurement and Evaluation (CBDME), Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- Center of Biostatistics, Design, Measurement and Evaluation (CBDME), Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Changxi Wang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Sichuan University - Pittsburgh Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610207, China.
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14
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May D, Litvin B, Allegrante J. Behavioral Activation, Depression, and Promotion of Health Behaviors: A Scoping Review. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2024; 51:321-331. [PMID: 35484949 DOI: 10.1177/10901981221090157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diverse approaches to the treatment of depressive disorders are necessary to improve evidence-based practice and maximize treatment outcomes. As a result, a range of behaviors and other factors associated with the onset and course of depressive disorders should be examined more comprehensively. Behavioral activation (BA) is a treatment approach to these disorders that can be tailored to address certain health behaviors within the context of depression in an attempt to promote health behaviors whose adoption and maintenance can prove complementary in the treatment of depression. We conducted a scoping review of published studies in which BA-based interventions were used to promote certain health behaviors in individuals with depression. Our search of Medline and the Web of Science identified 336 potential candidate studies. Following screening and with the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria to isolate potentially eligible full-text records, we ultimately identified and evaluated 20 papers that report the nature and efficacy of these modified interventions. Across various domains, including substance use, exercise, medication adherence, and occupational and social success, we found evidence that many-but not all-of the studies we reviewed demonstrated that BA-based interventions were efficacious in promoting the health behavior of interest as well as reducing depressive symptomatology in participants. Implications for more widespread dissemination of such interventions, especially via mobile and web-based platforms due to their accessibility and affordability, are discussed. More research on the feasibility and efficacy of BA-based interventions tailored toward various determinants of health behavior and comorbidities of depressive disorders is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David May
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boris Litvin
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Odokonyero RF, Fatch R, Emenyonu NI, Cheng DM, Ngabirano C, Adong J, Muyindike WR, Nakasujja N, Camlin CS, Kamya M, Hahn JA. The Relationship between Age at Initiation of Regular Drinking of Alcohol and Viral Suppression Status, and Depression Symptoms Among People Living with HIV in South-Western Uganda. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:1415-1422. [PMID: 38060110 PMCID: PMC10940472 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use is an important factor in achieving and maintaining viral suppression and optimal mental health among persons with HIV (PWH), however, the effect of age at first regular drinking on viral suppression and depression remains poorly understood. Here, using secondary data from the Alcohol Drinkers' Exposure to Preventive Therapy for Tuberculosis (ADEPT-T) study, we used logistic regression analyses to explore whether there is an association between age at first regular drinking and viral suppression (< 40 copies/ml), or presence of depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression, CES-D ≥ 16) among 262 PWH. The median age at first regular drinking was 20.5 years (IQR: 10), with high proportions starting under age 12 (12.2%) and as teens (13.4%). The majority had an undetectable viral load (91.7%) and 11% had symptoms of probable depression. We found no significant association between age at first regular drinking and viral suppression (i.e., child (aOR = 0.76 95%CI: 0.18, 3.26), adolescent (aOR = 0.74 95%CI: 0.18, 2.97) and young adult (aOR = 1.27 95%CI: 0.40, 3.97)) nor with depressive symptoms (i.e., child (aOR = 0.72 95%CI: 0.19, 2.83), adolescent (aOR = 0.59 95%CI: 0.14, 2.50) and young adult (aOR = 0.57 95%CI: 0.22, 1.53)). Age at first regular drinking among PWH did not appear to be associated with either viral suppression or the presence of depressive symptoms, suggesting interventions may best be focused on the harmful effects of current alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Felix Odokonyero
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Robin Fatch
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nneka I Emenyonu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Debbie M Cheng
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Julian Adong
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Winnie R Muyindike
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Noeline Nakasujja
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Carol S Camlin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Moses Kamya
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Judith A Hahn
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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16
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Mo H, Wang C, Li Y. Recent tobacco smoking, restaurant and in-car secondhand smoke exposure are associated with depressive symptoms among young adults: a population-based cross-sectional analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5290. [PMID: 38438445 PMCID: PMC10912083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between recent tobacco smoking, household secondhand smoke exposure, confined space secondhand smoke exposure and depressive symptoms in young adults after adjustments for each other. Data from NHANES 2013-2018 were extracted. A total of 4129 young adults age 18-35 years (mean age 26.11 ± 5.39 years, 2021 males and 2108 females) were included. Depressive symptoms were screened by PHQ-9. Recent tobacco smoking was assessed through question "smoked tobacco in the last 5 days?". Household secondhand smoke exposure was assessed through question "living with a smoker who smoked inside the house?". Confined space secondhand smoke exposure was assessed by SSEQ. Binary logistic regression models were performed to analyze the associations. Significant association were observed in recent tobacco smoking (OR = 1.593, 95% CI 1.318-1.926) and confined space secondhand smoke exposure (OR = 1.399, 95% CI 1.185-1.651), but not in household secondhand smoke exposure (P = 0.108). Among the different settings of confined space secondhand smoke exposure, restaurant (OR = 1.732, 95% CI 1.120-2.678) and in-car (OR = 1.350, 95% CI 1.102-1.652) exposure were significantly associated with depressive symptom after after fully adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Mo
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Kinesis and Health, School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhong Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Li
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Kinesis and Health, School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Guo S, Zhu W, Yu L, Jie L, Tian D, Zhao T, Zhao B, Zhang B. The potential causal relationship between various lifestyles and depression: a univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1343132. [PMID: 38487581 PMCID: PMC10937522 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1343132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that lifestyle was associated with depression. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the causality between multiple lifestyles and depression by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of depression, alcoholic drinks per week, sleeplessness or insomnia, body mass index (BMI), mood swings, weekly usage of mobile phone in the last 3 months, beef intake, cooked vegetable intake, and "smoking status: never" were acquired from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit Open genome-wide association study database. Causal effects of eight exposure factors and depression were investigated using MR-Egger, weighted median, inverse variance weighted (IVW), simple mode, and weighted mode, and results were primarily referred to IVW. Subsequently, univariable MR (UVMR) analysis was performed on eight exposure factors and depression, separately. In addition, sensitivity analysis, including heterogeneity test, horizontal pleiotropy, and leave-one-out (LOO) methods, was conducted to evaluate the stability of MR results. Furthermore, multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis was carried out. Results UVMR analysis revealed that all eight exposure factors were causally associated with depression; alcoholic drinks per week, sleeplessness or insomnia, BMI, mood swings, weekly usage of mobile phone in the last 3 months, and cooked vegetable intake were risk factors, and beef intake and "smoking status: never" were protection factors. Heterogeneity tests revealed no heterogeneity for alcoholic drinks per week, sleeplessness or insomnia, mood swings, weekly usage of mobile phone in the last 3 months, and cooked vegetable intake. Meanwhile, there was no horizontal pleiotropy in UVMR, and LOO analysis verified that univariable analysis results were reliable. Moreover, MVMR analysis indicated that mood swings and weekly usage of mobile phone in the last 3 months were risk factors, and beef intake was a protection factor for depression when multiple factors occurred at the same time. Conclusion Alcoholic drinks per week, sleeplessness or insomnia, BMI, mood swings, weekly usage of mobile phone in the last 3 months, and cooked vegetable intake were risk factors, and beef intake and "smoking status: never" were protection factors. In addition, mood swings, weekly usage of mobile phone in the last 3 months, and beef intake had a direct effect on depression when multiple factors occurred simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Guo
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing, China
| | - Likai Yu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing, China
| | - Lishi Jie
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Tian
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianci Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing, China
| | - Biqing Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing, China
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18
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Jiang M, Zhao H. Joint association of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure with depression in adults. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117807. [PMID: 38043898 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy metals (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent significant components of environmental pollution, typically occurring as mixtures, raising concerns about their potential impact on human health. However, the combined effect of HMs and PAHs exposure on depression has not been explored. METHODS Leveraging National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data spanning 2005 to 2016, we employ survey-weighted multiple logistic regression models to probe the interrelation between HMs, PAHs, and depression. This exploration is complemented by age and gender-stratified analyses, as well as a determination of the dose-response linkage via restricted cubic spline regression. Furthermore, the combined impact of HMs and PAHs on depression was evaluated through a range of statistical methodologies. RESULTS The study encompasses 7732 adults. Our findings unveil notable associations, indicating the significant influence of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and all six PAHs metabolites on depression. Moreover, mixed exposure to HMs and PAHs emerges as a substantial contributor to an augmented depression risk, with Cd, Pb, 1-hydroxynaphthalene (1-NAP), 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-FLU), and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-PYR) likely driving this positive relationship. Intriguingly, subgroup analyses highlight greater prominence of these connections among individuals aged 20-59 and among women. Furthermore, the results tentatively suggest a potential interplay between Cd and 2-NAP in relation to depression. CONCLUSION This study posits that exposure to both individual and combined HMs and PAHs may be associated with an elevated risk of depression. Further prospective investigations are warranted to substantiate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Suchanecka A, Boroń A, Chmielowiec K, Strońska-Pluta A, Masiak J, Lachowicz M, Chmielowiec J, Janiszewska-Olszowska J, Grzywacz A. The HINT1 Gene rs2526303 Polymorphism and Its Association with Personality Traits in Cigarette Smokers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1218. [PMID: 38279213 PMCID: PMC10816865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of a substance use disorder (SUD) is a multifaceted process influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Recent research has suggested the potential involvement of the HINT1 gene in various aspects of plasticity, mood regulation, anxiety-like behaviour, and stress-coping mechanisms. Moreover, personality traits are also recognised to be instrumental in developing substance dependency. Given these considerations, our study investigated the associations among cigarette smoking, personality traits, and the rs2526303 polymorphism. Additionally, we investigated the interactions between personality traits and rs2526303 in the HINT1 gene. The study group comprised 531 volunteers: 375 cigarette users (mean age = 29.42 ± 10.72; F = 49%, M = 51%) and 156 never-smokers (mean age = 26.93 ± 10.09; F = 79%, M = 21%). Genotyping was conducted using the real-time PCR method, and the NEO Five-Factor Personality Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were administered. There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of rs2526303 genotypes and alleles in the cigarette user group compared to the control group. Compared to the control group, the cigarette users obtained higher scores in the assessment of the NEO-FFI Extraversion scale and lower results for the NEO-FFI Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness scales. Additionally, there was a statistically significant effect of rs2526303 genotype interaction and cigarette-using status on the conscientiousness scale. These outcomes collectively suggest a notable association between cigarette smoking and specific dimensions of personality, particularly highlighting differences in extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Furthermore, the detected interaction effect involving rs2526303 concerning conscientiousness signifies a complex interplay between genetic factors and smoking behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Suchanecka
- Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.S.); (A.S.-P.)
| | - Agnieszka Boroń
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Chmielowiec
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 28 Zyty St., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland; (K.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Aleksandra Strońska-Pluta
- Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.S.); (A.S.-P.)
| | - Jolanta Masiak
- Second Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Głuska St., 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Milena Lachowicz
- Department of Psychology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Chmielowiec
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 28 Zyty St., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland; (K.C.); (J.C.)
| | | | - Anna Grzywacz
- Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.S.); (A.S.-P.)
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20
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Ge L, Liu J, Kang X, Wang W, Zhang D. Association of serum individual and mixed aldehydes with depressive symptoms in the general population: A machine learning study. J Affect Disord 2024; 345:8-17. [PMID: 37865348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans have many opportunities to be exposed to aldehydes which have potential mechanisms for causing depression. We aimed to explore the relationships between serum individual and mixed aldehydes with depressive symptoms in general population. METHODS The data was extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014. Depressive symptoms were assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Weighted binomial logistic regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model were used to explore the association of six individual aldehyde and mixed aldehydes with depressive symptoms, respectively. Sex stratification analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted. RESULTS A total of 701 participants were included. We found a positive association between the highest (Q4) versus lowest quartile (Q1) of butyraldehyde with depressive symptoms (OR: 2.86, 95 % CI: 1.22-6.68), and a negative association between the Q3 versus Q1 of benzaldehyde (0.21, 0.07-0.60) and isopentanaldehyde (0.28, 0.08-0.90) with depressive symptoms in multivariate-adjusted model. The mixed aldehydes were positively associated with depressive symptoms using BKMR model, and butyraldehyde and heptanaldehyde were the dominant aldehydes. Several aldehydes, such as butyraldehyde and benzaldehyde, interacted with each other in their effects on depressive symptoms. The results of gender stratification analysis showed that butyraldehyde was the major contributor to the total effect of aldehydes on depressive symptoms in males, while heptanaldehyde was the dominant aldehyde in females. LIMITATIONS Causality cannot be inferred in this cross-sectional study. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that mixed aldehydes can increase the risk of depressive symptoms, of which butyraldehyde and heptanaldehyde were the major contributing aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ge
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiao Kang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Hameed A, Malik D. Clinical study protocol on electronic cigarettes and nicotine pouches for smoking cessation in Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2024; 25:9. [PMID: 38167206 PMCID: PMC10759381 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pakistan is one of most vulnerable low- and middle-income countries with 29 million adult active tobacco users. Smoking cessation services are lacking as the tobacco control initiatives have largely failed to address the smoking endemic. Over the last 5 years, Pakistan has witnessed the use of innovative tobacco harm reduction (THR) products such as e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches. However, their use remains limited. THR products are imported legally as consumer goods and are taxable. The lack of sufficient data for THR and its application is a challenge in gauging their effectiveness in assisting smokers quit combustible smoking. Evidence-based studies can help in measuring the effectiveness of e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches as smoking cessation aids. METHOD Keeping in view the study objectives, a sample size of 600 participants will be sufficient to assess the effectiveness of e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches for smoking cessation in Pakistan. Of these, 200 participants each will receive e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches along with basic care counselling, while the remaining 200 participants will only receive basic care counselling for 48 weeks. The association of participants' characteristics with smoking and health status will be based on the bivariate and multivariate analysis. The simple t-test and variance analysis will assess the differences in intervention indicators between the control and treatment groups. For the inferential analysis, the average treatment impact will be based on the quasi-experimental techniques such as difference in difference (DID) or propensity score matching (PMS). DISCUSSION The study will evaluate the participants at the baseline as they decide the quit date. After every 12 weeks, a follow-up survey with the participants will be conducted. Results are anticipated to inform the public, decision-makers, and researchers about the effects of using e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches in the short- and medium-term periods. Critically, the potential of e-cigarettes and other alternative nicotine delivery systems as smoking cessation aid will be assessed. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05715164 . Registered on February 6, 2023. PROTOCOL VERSION Protocol version 1.0, 14-12-2022 Trial in progress and not yet recruiting participants. Estimated primary data collection date-April 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hameed
- Department of Research, Alternative Research Initiative, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Daud Malik
- Department of Research, Alternative Research Initiative, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Shi Q, Ding J, Su H, Du Y, Pan T, Zhong X. Association of Long-Term HbA1c Variability with Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:5053-5068. [PMID: 38144235 PMCID: PMC10747221 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s441058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the relationship between long-term glycemic variability and anxiety and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes. Participants and Methods A cohort comprising 214 individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes participated in this study. Comprehensive demographic and laboratory information was gathered for them. The evaluation of anxiety relied on the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), while depression was assessed utilizing the 9-item Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Based on the presence or absence of anxiety and depression, participants were categorized into either the mood disorder or control groups. Subsequently, univariate and stepwise multiple binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the potential correlations between factors and the presence of anxiety and depression. Results The prevalence of anxiety disorders is 23%, and depression is 32%. The prevalence of smoking, diabetic autonomic neuropathy, stroke, and osteoporosis in the mood disorder group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), the glycated hemoglobin A1c variability score (HVS), mean hemoglobin A1c value, total cholesterol, urinary albumin/creatinine and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) were significantly higher in the control group (P < 0.05). The level of high-density lipoprotein in the mood disorder group was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). In stepwise multiple binary logistic regression analyses, the main factors associated with anxiety were depression (P < 0.001, OR=117.581) and gender (P < 0.001, OR=9.466), and the main factors related to depression included anxiety (P < 0.001, OR=49.424), smoking (P=0.042, OR=2.728), HVS (P=0.004, OR=8.664), and SII (P=0.014, OR=1.002). Conclusion Persistent fluctuations in blood glucose levels have been linked to anxiety and depression. Consequently, maintaining an optimal level of glycemic control and minimizing fluctuations becomes imperative in the comprehensive management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingcheng Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijun Du
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianrong Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230601, People’s Republic of China
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Zvolensky MJ, Shepherd JM, Clausen BK, de Dios M, Cano MÁ, Redmond BY. Differences in smoking behavior and beliefs about abstinence among Latinx individuals with and without depression who smoke cigarettes. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2023:1-19. [PMID: 38108308 PMCID: PMC11182888 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2023.2293945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
There is a well-established relation between depression and smoking in the general population. However, past work focused on Latinx persons who smoke in relation to depressed affect has yielded inconsistent findings. The present investigation aimed to build on past research and evaluate differences among English-speaking Latinx adults who smoke combustible cigarettes with and without probable depression in terms of cigarette dependence, perceived barriers for quitting, severity of problems when quitting, and smoking abstinence expectancies. The current sample included 338 adult Latinx daily cigarette smokers (Mage = 35.53 years; SD = 8.65; age range 18-61; 37.3% female) that were recruited nationally throughout the US. Results indicated that among Latinx persons who smoke, those with probable depression (compared to those without) demonstrated higher levels of cigarette dependence, more severe problems when trying to quit, greater perceived barriers for quitting, and increased negative abstinence expectancies after adjusting for sociodemographic and concurrent substance use variables. Future work could build from this research to elucidate the role of depression in the maintenance and relapse of smoking among the Latinx population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston
| | | | | | - Marcel de Dios
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, University of Houston
| | - Miguel Ángel Cano
- Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
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Braida D, Ponzoni L, Dellarole I, Morara S, Sala M. Fluoxetine rescues the depressive-like behaviour induced by reserpine and the altered emotional behaviour induced by nicotine withdrawal in zebrafish: Involvement of tyrosine hydroxylase. J Psychopharmacol 2023; 37:1132-1148. [PMID: 37593958 DOI: 10.1177/02698811231191103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine cessation leads to anxiety and depression. AIMS The suitability of the zebrafish model of anhedonia using reserpine and fluoxetine was evaluated. Fluoxetine was also used to reduce nicotine withdrawal-induced anhedonic state. METHODS Zebrafish were exposed to reserpine (40 mg/l) and then to fluoxetine (0.1 mg/l) for 1 week. Anhedonia was evaluated in the Novel Tank Diving and Compartment Preference tests. Another group was exposed to nicotine (1 mg/l/2 weeks) and then exposed to fluoxetine. Anxiety and anhedonia were evaluated 2-60 days after. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity and microglial morphology (labelled by 4C4 monoclonal antibody) in the parvocellular pretectal nucleus (PPN), dorsal part, and of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the hypothalamus were also analysed. RESULTS Less time in the top and increased latency to the top in reserpine compared to a drug-free group was found. Fluoxetine rescued reserpine-induced the reduced time in the top. Seven and 30 days after nicotine withdrawal more time in the bottom and similar time in the Compartment Preference test, rescued by fluoxetine, were shown. In the PPN, 30-day withdrawal induced an increase in TH immunoreactivity, but fluoxetine induced a further significant increase. No changes in PPN microglia morphology and hypothalamic CGRP were detected. CONCLUSIONS Our findings validate the suitability of the zebrafish model of anhedonia using the reserpine-induced depression-like behaviour and the predictivity using fluoxetine. Fluoxetine rescued nicotine withdrawal-induced anhedonic state, opening the possibility to screen new drugs to alleviate anxiety and depression in smokers during abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Braida
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ponzoni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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25
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Tian S, Wu L, Zheng H, Zhong X, Yu X, Wu W. Body mass index modifies the relationship between dietary iron intake and depressive symptoms among adults: A national population-based cohort. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:907-913. [PMID: 37619653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the effects of dietary iron intake on depression is limited and controversial. The aim of this study was to explore the association between iron intake and the prevalence of depressive symptoms. METHODS The present study used cross-sectional data from people who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2007 and 2016. Logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline models were applied to investigate the relationship between iron intake and depressive symptoms. RESULTS A total of 16,098 adults aged 20 years or older were included in this study. Compared with individuals with lowest iron intake Q1 (≤8.31 mg/day), the adjusted OR values for dietary iron intake and depression in Q2 (8.32-11.47 mg/day), Q3 (11.48-15.02 mg/day), Q4 (15.03-20.28 mg/day), and Q5 (≥20.29 mg/day) were 0.69 (95 % CI: 0.52-0.91), 0.68 (95 % CI: 0.50-0.94,), 0.59 (95 % CI: 0.42-0.82,), and 0.63 (95 % CI: 0.40-0.98), respectively. The relationship between iron intake and depressive symptoms exhibited a non-linear. Our findings suggested an interaction between body mass index (BMI) and iron intake (P = 0.03). Additionally, the relationship between dietary iron intake and depressive symptoms in adults with a BMI <25 kg/m2 was U-shaped. And the OR of developing depressive symptoms was 0.93 (95 % CI: 0.87-0.99) in individuals with iron intake ≤19.72 mg/day. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional study and relevant data was based on self-reports. CONCLUSION A higher iron intake is significantly associated with a decreased prevalence of depressive symptoms, and different levels of BMI can modify the association between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Lanxiang Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Heqing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Xianhui Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Xinping Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China.
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Steinfeld MR, Torregrossa MM. Consequences of adolescent drug use. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:313. [PMID: 37802983 PMCID: PMC10558564 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance use in adolescence is a known risk factor for the development of neuropsychiatric and substance use disorders in adulthood. This is in part due to the fact that critical aspects of brain development occur during adolescence, which can be altered by drug use. Despite concerted efforts to educate youth about the potential negative consequences of substance use, initiation remains common amongst adolescents world-wide. Additionally, though there has been substantial research on the topic, many questions remain about the predictors and the consequences of adolescent drug use. In the following review, we will highlight some of the most recent literature on the neurobiological and behavioral effects of adolescent drug use in rodents, non-human primates, and humans, with a specific focus on alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, and the interactions between these substances. Overall, consumption of these substances during adolescence can produce long-lasting changes across a variety of structures and networks which can have enduring effects on behavior, emotion, and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Steinfeld
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Mary M Torregrossa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Moulaei K, Bahaadinbeigy K, Mashoof E, Dinari F. Design and development of a mobile-based self-care application for patients with depression and anxiety disorders. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2023; 23:199. [PMID: 37784042 PMCID: PMC10544565 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-023-02308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Depression and anxiety can cause social, behavioral, occupational, and functional impairments if not controlled and managed. Mobile-based self-care applications can play an essential and effective role in controlling and reducing the effects of anxiety disorders and depression. The aim of this study was to design and develop a mobile-based self-care application for patients with depression and anxiety disorders with the goal of enhancing their mental health and overall well-being. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study we designed a mobile-based application for self -management of depression and anxiety disorders. In order to design this application, first the education- informational needs and capabilities were identified through a systematic review. Then, according to 20 patients with depression and anxiety, this education-informational needs and application capabilities were approved. In the next step, the application was designed. RESULTS In the first step, 80 education-information needs and capabilities were identified. Finally, in the second step, of 80 education- informational needs and capabilities, 68 needs and capabilities with a mean greater than and equal to 3.75 (75%) were considered in application design. Disease control and management, drug management, nutrition and diet management, recording clinical records, communicating with physicians and other patients, reminding appointments, how to improve lifestyle, quitting smoking and reducing alcohol consumption, educational content, sedation instructions, introducing health care centers for depression and anxiety treatment and recording activities, personal goals and habits in a diary were the most important features of this application. CONCLUSION The designed application can encourage patients with depression and stress to perform self-care processes and access necessary information without searching the Internet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Moulaei
- Department of Health Information Technology, Faculty of Paramedical, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Kambiz Bahaadinbeigy
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Esmat Mashoof
- Department of Health Information Technology, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dinari
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Lee B, Levy D, Seo DC. Underlying patterns of the co-occurrence of tobacco use and mental health among youth. J Behav Med 2023; 46:668-679. [PMID: 36637734 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to examine how bidirectional relationships between mental health problems and tobacco use are formed over time by types of tobacco use in recent samples of U.S. youth. Data were drawn from Waves 1-4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (N = 10,082) and analyzed using cross-lagged panel models. A high level of internalizing problems at Wave 1 predicted conventional cigarette smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.06-1.34) and e-cigarette use (AOR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.09-1.43) at Wave 2, but not vice versa. Both cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use at Wave 2 tended to persist into Wave 3, which, in turn, increased the risk of subsequent internalizing problems in late adolescence or young adulthood (Wave 4). The bidirectional relationship between tobacco use and internalizing problems seems to begin as a procession from internalizing problems to tobacco use, and then from persistent tobacco use to exacerbated internalizing problems over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Lee
- Health Policy Research Center, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas Levy
- Health Policy Research Center, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dong-Chul Seo
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Suite 116, 1025 E. 7th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405-7109, USA.
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Mouro Ferraz Lima T, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Apter G, Leopoldo K. Neurobiological associations between smoking and internalizing disorders. Int Rev Psychiatry 2023; 35:486-495. [PMID: 38299645 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2023.2252907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
People with severe mental disorders have a higher mortality rate due to preventable conditions like cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases. Nicotine addiction is a preventable risk factor, with tobacco use being twice as high in people with mental disorders. An integrative model that divides mental disorders into externalising, internalising, and thought disorders could be useful for identifying common causalities and risk factors. This review aims to examine the interface between smoking and internalising disorders, specifically schizophrenia, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders. The review finds that there is a clear association between smoking behaviour and these disorders. Schizophrenia is associated with polymorphisms that result in an imbalance between glutamate and GABA release and abnormalities of dopaminergic pathways. Nicotine improves dopaminergic signalling and balances glutamatergic and GABAergic pathways, improving symptoms and increasing the risk of nicotine dependence. In depressive disorders, smoking is associated with functional changes in brain regions affected by smoking and self-medication. In anxiety disorders, there is a bidirectional relationship with smoking, involving the amygdala and changes in dopaminergic pathways and cortisol production. Smoking poses a threat to people living with psychiatric disorders and calls for further research to assess the interactions between nicotine dependence and internalising and thought disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, FMABC University Center
- Cellule de Recherche Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Le Havre, France
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisèle Apter
- Societé de l'Information Psychiatrique, France
- University of Rouen Normandy, France
| | - Kae Leopoldo
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Giordano V, Rigatti T, Shaikh A. Spatial Health Predictors for Depressive Disorder in Manhattan: A 2020 Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e41607. [PMID: 37435013 PMCID: PMC10332332 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Urban cores often present extreme disparities in the distribution of wealth and income. They also vary in health outcomes, especially regarding mental welfare. Dense urban blocks agglomerate many residents of various backgrounds, and extreme differences in income, commerce, and health may lead to variations in depressive disorder outcomes. More research is needed on public health characteristics that may affect depression in dense urban centers. Methods Data on 2020 public health characteristics for Manhattan Island was collected using the Centers for Disease Control's (CDC's) PLACES project. All Manhattan census tracts were used as the spatial observations, resulting in [Formula: see text] observations. A cross-sectional generalized linear regression (GLR) was used to fit a geographically weighted spatial regression (GWR), with tract depression rates as the endogenous variable. Data on the following eight exogenous parameters were incorporated: the percentage without health insurance, the percentage of those who binge drink, the percentage who receive an annual doctor's checkup, the percentage of those who are physically inactive, the percentage of those who experience frequent mental distress, the percentage of those who receive less than 7 hours of sleep each night, the percentage of those who report regular smoking, and the percentage of those who are obese. A Getis-Ord Gi* model was built to locate hot and cold spot clusters for depression incidence and an Anselin Local Moran's I spatial autocorrelation analysis was undertaken to determine neighborhood relationships between tracts. Results Depression hot spot clusters at the 90%-99% confidence interval (CI) were identified in Upper Manhattan and Lower Manhattan using the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic and spatial autocorrelation. Cold spot clusters at the 90%-99% CI were in central Manhattan and the southern edge of Manhattan Island. For the GLR-GWR model, only the lack of health insurance and mental distress variables were significant at the 95% CI, with an adjusted R-2 of 0.56. Noticeable inversions were observed in the spatial distribution of the exogenous coefficients across Manhattan, with a higher lack of insurance coefficients observed in Upper Manhattan and higher frequent mental distress coefficients in Lower Manhattan. Conclusion The level of depression incidence does spatially track with predictive health and economic parameters across Manhattan Island. Additional research is encouraged on urban policies that may reduce the mental distress burden on Manhattan residents, as well as investigations of the spatial inversion observed in this study between the exogenous parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tara Rigatti
- Trauma Social Work, Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, USA
| | - Asad Shaikh
- Psychiatry, Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, USA
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Li H, Song L, Cen M, Fu X, Gao X, Zuo Q, Wu J. Oxidative balance scores and depressive symptoms: Mediating effects of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors. J Affect Disord 2023; 334:205-212. [PMID: 37149058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the combined effects of dietary and lifestyle factors on depressive symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the association between oxidative balance score (OBS) and depressive symptoms and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS A total of 21,283 adults from the 2007 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included. Depressive symptoms were defined as a total score of ≥10 on the Patient's Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Twenty dietary and lifestyle factors were selected to calculate the OBS. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between OBS and depression risk. Mediation analyses were conducted to explore the roles of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. RESULTS In multivariate model, a significant negative association was found between OBS and depression risk. Compared with those in OBS tertile 1, participants in tertile 3 had lower odds of developing depressive symptoms (OR:0.50; 95 % CI:0.40-0.62; P < 0.001). Restricted cubic splines showed a linear relationship between OBS and depression risk (P for nonlinearity = 0.67). Moreover, higher OBS was found to be associated with lower depression scores (β = -0.07; 95 % CI:-0.08, -0.05; P < 0.001). GGT concentrations and WBC counts mediated the association between OBS and depression scores by 5.72 % and 5.42 %, respectively (both P < 0.001), with a joint mediated effect of 10.77 % (P < 0.001). LIMITATIONS This study was a cross-sectional design making it difficult to infer a causal association. CONCLUSIONS OBS is negatively associated with depression, which may be mediated in part by oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lingling Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Manqiu Cen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xihang Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xinxin Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qianlin Zuo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Wang H, Bakulski KM, Blostein F, Porath BR, Dou J, Tejera CH, Ware EB. Depressive symptoms are associated with DNA methylation age acceleration in a cross-sectional analysis of adults over age 50 in the United States. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.04.24.23289052. [PMID: 37162942 PMCID: PMC10168518 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.24.23289052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder affects mental well-being and accelerates DNA methylation age, a marker of biological aging. Subclinical depressive symptoms and DNA methylation aging have not been explored. Objective To assess the cross-sectional association between depressive symptoms and accelerated DNA methylation aging among United States adults over age 50. Methods We included 3,793 participants from the 2016 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale and operationalized as high versus low/no. Blood DNA methylation GrimAge was regressed on chronologic age to obtain acceleration. Multiple linear regression assessed the relationship between high depressive symptoms and GrimAge acceleration, controlling for demographic factors, health behaviors, and cell type proportions. We investigated sex and race/ethnicity stratified associations. Results Participants were 42% male, 14% had high depressive symptoms, 44% had accelerated GrimAge, and were mean age 70 years. In our fully adjusted model, those with high depressive symptoms had 0.40 (95%CI: 0.06, 0.73) years accelerated GrimAge, compared to those with low/no depressive symptoms. The association between depressive symptoms and GrimAge acceleration was larger in male participants ( P = 0.04). Conclusion Higher depressive symptoms were associated with accelerated DNA methylation age among older adults.
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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depressive Symptoms Among Mizan-Tepi University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:633-643. [PMID: 35089580 PMCID: PMC8796746 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is an extremely common and widespread problem among university students. A better understanding of the magnitude and determinants of depressive symptoms is required to create appropriate interventions for those groups. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of depressive symptoms among Mizan-Tepi University students during the pandemic lockdown. METHODS From September 11th to September 25th, 2020, 779 Mizan-Tepi University students participated in this web-based cross-sectional study. The link was created with a Google Form, and the questionnaire was distributed to participants via e-mail, WhatsApp, Telegram, and other social media accounts. To determine the prevalence and determinants of depressive symptoms, both descriptive and inferential analyses were used. The chi-squared test of association and logistic regression were used to identify predictors of depressive symptoms among university students. We used (IBM) SPSS version 20 for all statistical analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students was 39.5%. According to results of multivariable binary logistic regression, being female (AOR = 0.339, 95%CI: 0.220-0.522), being an alcoholic (AOR = 2.101, 95%CI: 1.452-3.041), smoking (AOR = 2.088, 95%CI: 1.460-2.986), being quarantined for 14 days (AOR = 1.775, 95%CI: 1.231-2.560), frequently using social media (AOR = 1.510, 95%CI: 1.063-2.145), fearing COVID-19 (AOR = 5.058, 95%CI: 3.508-7.292), having sleeping problems (AOR = 1.703, 95%CI: 1.051-2.760), having a family member infected with COVID-19 (AOR = 1.829, 95%CI: 1.211-2.763), being exposed to COVID-19 (AOR = 1.748, 95%CI: 1.114-2.743), monthly disposable income ≥ 501 ETB (AOR = 0.531, 95%CI: 0.359-0.784), having a higher level of hope (AOR = 0.158, 95%CI:0.056-0.447), and having high social support (AOR = 0.546, 95%CI: 0.374-0.797) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms among students. CONCLUSION In this study, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was found to be high among university students. Being an alcoholic, smoking, quarantined for 14 days, frequently using social media, fearing COVID-19, having sleep problems, having a family member infected with COVID-19, and being exposed to COVID-19 were all associated with an increased risk of developing depressive symptoms, while being a female, having a high level of disposable monthly income, hope, and social support decreased the risk of depressive symptoms among university students. Interventions should be put in place to promote mental health among university students.
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Mineur YS, Soares AR, Etherington IM, Abdulla ZI, Picciotto MR. Pathophysiology of nAChRs: limbic circuits and related disorders. Pharmacol Res 2023; 191:106745. [PMID: 37011774 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Human epidemiological studies have identified links between nicotine intake and stress disorders, including anxiety, depression and PTSD. Here we review the clinical evidence for activation and desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) relevant to affective disorders. We go on to describe clinical and preclinical pharmacological studies suggesting that nAChR function may be involved in the etiology of anxiety and depressive disorders, may be relevant targets for medication development, and may contribute to the antidepressant efficacy of non-nicotinic therapeutics. We then review what is known about nAChR function in a subset of limbic system areas (amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex), and how this contributes to stress-relevant behaviors in preclinical models that may be relevant to human affective disorders. Taken together, the preclinical and clinical literature point to a clear role for ACh signaling through nAChRs in regulation of behavioral responses to stress. Disruption of nAChR homeostasis is likely to contribute to the psychopathology observed in anxiety and depressive disorders. Targeting specific nAChRs may therefore be a strategy for medication development to treat these disorders or to augment the efficacy of current therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexa R Soares
- Department of Psychiatry, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, 3rd Floor Research, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
| | - Ian M Etherington
- Department of Psychiatry, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, 3rd Floor Research, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Carotenoids in Mood Disorders: An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030676. [PMID: 36978923 PMCID: PMC10045512 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression has a multifactorial etiology comprising family history and unemployment. This review aims to summarize the evidence available for the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of carotenoids in mood disorders. This review article’s methodologies were based on a search of the PubMed database for all linked published papers. Epidemiological studies indicate that a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, nuts, fish, and olive oil may prevent the development of depression. Antioxidant supplementation has been found to combat various stress-induced psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety. A growing body of evidence indicates that carotenoids have both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Studies also suggest that poor dietary intake, particularly low intakes of fruit and vegetables and high intakes of fast food and other convenience foods, may increase the risk of developing depression. Thus, dietary interventions have the potential to help mitigate the risk of mental health decline in both the general population and those with mood disorders. Considering that carotenoids have both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, it is expected that they might exert a promising antidepressant effect. Nevertheless, further studies (including interventional and mechanistic studies) assessing the effect of carotenoids on preventing and alleviating depression symptoms are needed.
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Qin X, Zhang W, Xu S, Ma M, Fan X, Nie X, Liu J, Ju Y, Zhang L, Li L, Zhang Y, Liu B. Prevalence and risk factors of anxious and depressive symptoms in first-trimester females and their partners: a study during the pandemic era of COVID-19 in China. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:134. [PMID: 36869299 PMCID: PMC9982791 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 lastingly affects public mental health. Many studies have described symptoms of anxiety and depression in pregnant women before the pandemic. However, the limited study focuses on the prevalence and risk factors of mood symptoms among first-trimester females and their partners during the pandemic in China, which was the aim of the study. METHODS One hundred and sixty-nine first-trimester couples were enrolled. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item, Family Assessment Device-General Functioning (FAD-GF), and Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire, Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) were applied. Data were mainly analyzed through logistic regression analysis. RESULTS 17.75% and 5.92% of first-trimester females had depressive and anxious symptoms, respectively. Among partners, 11.83% and 9.47% had depressive and anxious symptoms, respectively. In females, higher scores of FAD-GF (OR = 5.46 and 13.09; P < 0.05) and lower scores of Q-LES-Q-SF (OR = 0.83 and 0.70; P < 0.01) were related to the risk of depressive and anxious symptoms. Higher scores of FAD-GF were associated with the risk of depressive and anxious symptoms in partners (OR = 3.95 and 6.89; P < 0.05). A history of smoking was also related to males' depressive symptoms (OR = 4.49; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study prompted prominent mood symptoms during the pandemic. Family functioning, quality of life, and smoking history increased risks of mood symptoms among early pregnant families, which facilitated the updating of medical intervention. However, the current study did not explore interventions based on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Qin
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Weiling Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Shuyin Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Mohan Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Xueqing Nie
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yumeng Ju
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Lingjiang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Bangshan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China. .,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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de Boer N, Vermeulen J, Lin B, van Os J, ten Have M, de Graaf R, van Dorsselaer S, Bak M, Rutten B, Batalla A, Guloksuz S, Luykx JJ. Longitudinal associations between alcohol use, smoking, genetic risk scoring and symptoms of depression in the general population: a prospective 6-year cohort study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1409-1417. [PMID: 35023464 PMCID: PMC10009403 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption, smoking and mood disorders are leading contributors to the global burden of disease and are highly comorbid. Yet, their interrelationships have remained elusive. The aim of this study was to examine the multi-cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between (change in) smoking and alcohol use and (change in) number of depressive symptoms. METHODS In this prospective, longitudinal study, 6646 adults from the general population were included with follow-up measurements after 3 and 6 years. Linear mixed-effects models were used to test multi-cross-sectional and longitudinal associations, with smoking behaviour, alcohol use and genetic risk scores for smoking and alcohol use as independent variables and depressive symptoms as dependent variables. RESULTS In the multi-cross-sectional analysis, smoking status and number of cigarettes per day were positively associated with depressive symptoms (p < 0.001). Moderate drinking was associated with less symptoms of depression compared to non-use (p = 0.011). Longitudinally, decreases in the numbers of cigarettes per day and alcoholic drinks per week as well as alcohol cessation were associated with a reduction of depressive symptoms (p = 0.001-0.028). Results of genetic risk score analyses aligned with these findings. CONCLUSIONS While cross-sectionally smoking and moderate alcohol use show opposing associations with depressive symptoms, decreases in smoking behaviour as well as alcohol consumption are associated with improvements in depressive symptoms over time. Although we cannot infer causality, these results open avenues to further investigate interventions targeting smoking and alcohol behaviours in people suffering from depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. de Boer
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Vermeulen
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B. Lin
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. van Os
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M. ten Have
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R. de Graaf
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S. van Dorsselaer
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. Bak
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- FACT, Mondriaan Mental Health, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - B. Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A. Batalla
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S. Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J. J. Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- GGNet Mental Health, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
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Eccles H, Sharma V. The association between premenstrual dysphoric disorder and depression: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
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Kallio A, Suominen A, Tolvanen M, Rantavuori K, Jussila H, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Lahti S. Concurrent changes in dental anxiety and smoking in parents of the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Eur J Oral Sci 2023; 131:e12912. [PMID: 36599651 PMCID: PMC10107302 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated associations between changes in dental anxiety and tobacco use, adjusted for general anxiety and depressive symptoms. The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study data, collected at gestational weeks 14 and 34 and at 3 months postpartum, were used. Questionnaires included the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the anxiety subscale of the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL). Smoking was categorized as "stable non-smoking", "started smoking", "quit smoking", and "stable smoking". Changes in smoking and dental anxiety were evaluated "during pregnancy" (i.e., from gestational week 14 to gestational week 34) in 2442 women and 1346 men and "after pregnancy" (i.e., from gestational week 34 to 3 months postpartum) in 2008 women and 1095 men. Changes were evaluated in three smoking categories (stable non-smoking, fluctuating, and stable smoking), using data from all three time-points (1979 women and 1049 men). Modeling used repeated measures analysis of covariance. Stable smoking mothers had statistically significantly higher levels of dental anxiety (mean MDAS 12.3-12.6) than non-smoking mothers (mean MDAS 10.1-10.7) or mothers who smoked at some point during pregnancy (mean MDAS 10.8-11.5). A similar tendency was observed in fathers. However, no systematic change in dental anxiety by changes in smoking habits was observed. Those smoking during pregnancy and with high dental anxiety may need special support for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Kallio
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,City of Turku, Welfare Services Division, Oral and Dental Health Care, Turku, Finland
| | - Auli Suominen
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mimmi Tolvanen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Rantavuori
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Jussila
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Lahti
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Depressive symptoms among residents of south Wollo zone in Northern Ethiopia after the liberation of invasion of TPLF led force. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13600. [PMID: 36852022 PMCID: PMC9958427 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depressive symptom is the most widely reported mental health consequence of natural or man-made disasters and traumatic events. Research on depressive symptoms in low-income nations is still scarce, although it can be a public health burden in post-conflict situations. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and contributing factors of depressive symptoms among people of south Wollo zones following liberation from TPLF-led army invasions. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on South Wollo zone residents after the liberation of invasions of the TPLF-led force, from May 1st to June 1st, 2022. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from residents chosen using a simple random sampling technique. This study used both descriptive and inferential analysis. To investigate the relationship between response and predictor variables, the chi-squared test of association was performed. The logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of depressive symptoms among residents. Results The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms among residents was 51.0% [95% C.I: 48.01, 53.99]. Being female [AOR = 1.428, 95% C.I: 1.044-1.955], being an alcohol consumer [AOR = 2.051, 95% C.I: 1.349-3.119], chewing Khat [AOR = 4.617, 95% C.I: 2.873-7.418], history of mental illness [AOR = 4.316, 95% C.I: 1.263-14.751], destruction of personal property [AOR = 2.909, 95% C.I: 2.028-4.175], lacked basic needs such as food and water [AOR = 2.738, 95% C.I: 1.922-3.900], and illness without medical care [AOR = 2.369, 95% C.I: 1.684-3.331] were all found to be statistically significant at the 5% level of significance in a multivariable binary logistic regression. Conclusions The main finding of this study discovered that residents had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms following liberation from TPLF-led army invasions. Being an alcoholic, chewing Khat, having a previous history of mental illness, destruction of personal property, lack of food or water, and illness without medical care were associated with an increased risk of developing depressive symptoms. Interventions based on influencing factors should be performed to ensure residents' mental health.
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Tareke SA, Lelisho ME, Hassen SS, Seid AA, Jemal SS, Teshale BM, Wotale TW, Pandey BK. The Prevalence and Predictors of Depressive, Anxiety, and Stress Symptoms Among Tepi Town Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Ethiopia. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:43-55. [PMID: 35028903 PMCID: PMC8758245 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a result of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, many countries have imposed movement restrictions and implemented lockdowns. However, evidence from a variety of nations showed that the COVID-19 outbreak and its associated quarantine measures triggered a wide range of psychological problems, such as anxiety, depression, and stress in the general population. As a result, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among Tepi town residents during the pandemic lockdown. METHODOLOGY A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among residents of Tepi town from September 15 through September 25, 2020, and residents who have lived in Tepi town for at least 6 months were included. We have employed the depression, anxiety, and stress scale 21 (DASS-21) to evaluate depression, anxiety, and stress. The Chi-squared test of association and logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress among residents of Tepi town. For all statistical analysis, we used (IBM) SPSS version 25. RESULTS According to the current study, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were 37.7%, 39.0%, and 44.2%, respectively, among residents of Tepi town. Estimated odds of having depression, anxiety, and stress were as follows: for being female 6.315, 4.591, and 3.155; smoking 1.787, 1.883, and 1.787; sleep problem 2.613, 2.254, and 1.721; chewing Khat 2.156, 2.053, and 2.110; quarantine for 14 days 2.251, 1.902, and 1.960; and frequent use of social media 3.126, 1.849, and 3.126 times more likely as compared to their corresponding reference group respectively. The odds of developing depression and anxiety respectively were as follows: for alcohol consumption 2.438 and 1.797 times higher than their corresponding reference group respectively. Those exposed to COVID-19 were 3.870 times more likely to develop depression symptoms. Estimated odds of having anxiety and stress symptoms for fear of COVID-19 were 1.776 and 1.835; social interactions altered were 3.197 and 2.069, moderate levels of hope were 2.687 and 2.849 respectively. The odds ratio for those taking traditional preventive medicine, and having family members infected with COVID-19 were 2.475 and 1.837 times more likely to experience anxiety symptoms respectively. CONCLUSION In this study, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms was found to be high among residences in Tepi town. Being female, chewing Khat, smoking, being quarantined for 14 days, frequently using social media, and having sleeping problems were all found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of developing depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, whereas alcohol consumption and family members infected by COVID-19 were considerably linked to depression and anxiety symptoms. Fear of COVID-19, influence on social interaction and having a moderate level of hope were substantially related to stress and anxiety symptoms, while taking preventive medicine was found to be a significant factor in anxiety symptoms among Tepi town residences. Interventions should be made to improve the mental health of Tepi residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seid Ali Tareke
- grid.449142.e0000 0004 0403 6115Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O. Box 121, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Esayas Lelisho
- grid.449142.e0000 0004 0403 6115Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O. Box 121, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Sali Suleman Hassen
- grid.449142.e0000 0004 0403 6115Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O. Box 121, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Adem Aragaw Seid
- grid.449142.e0000 0004 0403 6115Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O. Box 121, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Sebwedin Surur Jemal
- grid.449142.e0000 0004 0403 6115Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O. Box 121, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Belete Mulatu Teshale
- grid.449142.e0000 0004 0403 6115Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O. Box 121, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Teramaj Wongel Wotale
- grid.513714.50000 0004 8496 1254Department of Statistics, College of Natural Science, Mettu University, Mettu, Oromia Ethiopia
| | - Binay Kumar Pandey
- grid.440691.e0000 0001 0708 4444Department of Information Technology, College of Technology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar, U S Nagar Uttarakhand, India
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Wang Y, Duan Z, Romm KF, Ma Y, Douglas Evans W, Bennett B, Fuss C, Klinkhammer KE, Wysota CN, Berg CJ. Bidirectional associations between depressive symptoms and cigarette, e-cigarette, cannabis, and alcohol use: Cross-lagged panel analyses among young adults before and during COVID-19. Addict Behav 2022; 134:107422. [PMID: 35853404 PMCID: PMC9823144 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature regarding bidirectional relationships of depressive symptoms to cigarette and alcohol use is mixed, and limited regarding e-cigarette and cannabis use. Moreover, COVID-19 has significantly impacted mental health and substance use, especially among young adults. Thus, this is a critical period for focused research on these relationships among young adults. METHODS We analyzed longitudinal data (assessments in Fall 2018, 2019, and 2020) from 3,006 young adults (Mage = 24.56 [SD = 4.72], 54.8% female, 31.6% sexual minority, 71.6% White, 5.3% Black, 12.2% Asian, 11.4% Hispanic) from 6 US metropolitan statistical areas. Cross-lagged panel models were conducted to examine bidirectional associations between depressive symptoms and past 30-day use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cannabis, and alcohol (respectively), controlling for sociodemographics. RESULTS During the study period, depressive symptoms decreased before the pandemic but increased during, cigarette and e-cigarette use decreased in both periods, alcohol use showed no change before but increases during the pandemic, and cannabis use increased in both periods. Additionally, each outcome demonstrated greater stability before versus during COVID-19. Finally, greater antecedent depressive symptoms correlated with more days of subsequent cigarette (β = 0.03, SE = 0.01, p =.011) and e-cigarette use (β = 0.03, SE = 0.01, p =.021), but fewer days of alcohol use (β = -0.02, SE = 0.01, p =.035). W2 cannabis use and alcohol use, respectively, were related to W3 depressive symptoms (cannabis: β = 0.09, SE = 0.02, p <.001; alcohol: β = 0.06, SE = 0.02, p =.002). No other cross-lagged associations were significant. CONCLUSIONS Intervention efforts targeting depression and substance use should explicitly address the potential for onset and escalation of substance use and depressive symptoms, respectively, especially during societal stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zongshuan Duan
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Katelyn F Romm
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University
| | - W Douglas Evans
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Breesa Bennett
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Caroline Fuss
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Katharina E Klinkhammer
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christina N Wysota
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carla J Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Anderson AR, Kurz AS, Szabo YZ, McGuire AP, Frankfurt SB. Exploring the longitudinal clustering of lifestyle behaviors, social determinants of health, and depression. J Health Psychol 2022; 27:2922-2935. [PMID: 35105232 PMCID: PMC9339578 DOI: 10.1177/13591053211072685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle behaviors such as exercise, sleep, smoking, diet, and social interaction are associated with depression. This study aimed to model the complex relationships between lifestyle behaviors and depression and among the lifestyle behaviors. Data from three waves of the Midlife in the United States study were used, involving 6898 adults. Network models revealed associations between the lifestyle behaviors and depression, with smoker status being strongly associated with depression. Depression, smoker status, age, time, and exercise were some of the most central components of the networks. Future lifestyle intervention research might prioritize specific behaviors based on these associations and centrality indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austen R. Anderson
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 17 Center of
Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX,
USA
- University of Southern Mississippi, School of Psychology,
Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - A. Solomon Kurz
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 17 Center of
Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX,
USA
| | - Yvette Z. Szabo
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 17 Center of
Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX,
USA
- Baylor University, Department of Health, Human
Performance, and Recreation, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Adam P. McGuire
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 17 Center of
Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX,
USA
- The University of Texas at Tyler, Department of Psychology
and Counseling, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Sheila B. Frankfurt
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 17 Center of
Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX,
USA
- Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, Temple, TX,
USA
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Zong Q, Li H, Jiang N, Gong Y, Zheng J, Yin X. Prevalence and determinants of smoking behavior among physicians in emergency department: A national cross-sectional study in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:980208. [PMID: 36324466 PMCID: PMC9620959 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.980208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To understand the current status of smoking behavior among emergency physicians in China and to explore its determinants. Background The emergency department is considered a more appropriate setting for tobacco interventions. However, the smoking behavior of emergency physicians can reduce the effectiveness of interventions for patient smoking behavior. Methods From July to August 2018, we conducted a structured online questionnaire among Chinese emergency medicine physicians. We used descriptive analysis with binary logistic regression to analyze the current smoking status of Chinese emergency physicians and its determinants. Results A total of 10,457 emergency physicians were included in this study. The prevalence of smoking among physicians was 25.35% (with 34.15 and 1.59% among male and female physicians, respectively). Results of logistic regression showed that postgraduate education (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.41-0.66), chief-level title (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65-0.97), and regular exercise habits (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.76-0.92) were associated with a lower risk of smoking behavior. However, being over 50 years old (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.29-2.27), being fixed-term (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.10-1.42), and having depressive symptoms (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.28-1.61) were associated with a higher risk of smoking. Conclusion The prevalence of smoking behavior among emergency physicians in China is high. Hospital management could reduce the incidence of smoking behavior among emergency physicians by strengthening smoking cessation training, paying attention to physicians' psychological health, reducing pressure on physicians in fixed-term positions, and encouraging physicians to develop regular exercise habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zong
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhong Gong
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianwei Zheng
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Jianwei Zheng
| | - Xiaoxv Yin
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Xiaoxv Yin
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Mukong AK. Estimating the Health Effect of Cigarette Smoking Duration in South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13005. [PMID: 36293583 PMCID: PMC9602002 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper deepens the empirical analysis of the health effects of smoking by using the average treatment effect on the treated (ATET) and regression discontinuity design (RDD) to estimate the impact of smoking duration on health. The paper estimates the effect of cigarette smoking on health, that is, the exogenous increase in the probability of smoking-related ill health when individuals smoke up to a certain number of years. Using the National Income Dynamic survey (NIDS), the study finds that the probability of reporting poor health and/or suffering smoking-related diseases increases with the years of smoking. The magnitude of the effect is higher when smoking-related diseases rather than self-assessed health is considered but varies across time, socioeconomic status, and with different health outcomes. The effects are robust under several different parametric and non-parametric models. Using RDD, the paper also finds evidence of a discrete jump in poor health when individuals smoke up to 30 years. The results suggest that policies that are designed to reduce current levels of cigarette smoking may have a desirable impact and can create both current and future public health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Kechia Mukong
- Department of Economics, University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 13301, Namibia
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Public Health Practitioners’ Knowledge towards Nicotine and Other Cigarette Components on Various Human Diseases in Pakistan: A Contribution to Smoking Cessation Policies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7909212. [PMID: 36225984 PMCID: PMC9550448 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7909212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Smoking cessation seems to be a weak link in the struggle against tobacco epidemic in Pakistan. Awareness regarding nicotine is lacking not only in the general population but also among public health practitioners. This lack of knowledge is one of the key barriers to bringing down the prevalence of smoking. Using primary survey data and nonparametric econometric techniques, this study assesses the knowledge of nicotine and harm reduction among public health practitioners in Pakistan. Results indicate physicians have misconceptions about nicotine. The majority of the medical professionals associate nicotine use with birth defects, cancer, cardiovascular illness, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). More than two-thirds of doctors (70%) strongly agreed and 17.9% somewhat agreed with the statement that nicotine causes cancer. This study suggests physicians need to be better informed about the fact that nicotine in tobacco products is addictive while chemicals, particularly those causing combustion, are the primary risk sources for tobacco-related illnesses. Misconceptions regarding nicotine can be quickly remedied with communication interventions. This study also suggests that alternative nicotine delivery systems can help smoking cessation and reduce the consumption of combustible tobacco in Pakistan.
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Bondø P, Høye A, Løchen ML, Bramness JG. The relationship between smokeless tobacco (snus) and anxiety and depression among adults and elderly people. A comparison to smoking in the Tromsø Study. Addiction 2022; 117:2695-2706. [PMID: 35603916 PMCID: PMC9544089 DOI: 10.1111/add.15950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To (i) define the characteristics of snus users compared with non-users and smokers and (ii) define the relationship between snus use and self-reported anxiety and depression and compare it with the relation between smoking and anxiety and depression. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A cross-sectional study based on data from the Norwegian population-based survey, the Tromsø Study (2015-16). A total of 32 591 people aged 40 years and older in the municipality of Tromsø were invited to attend. There were 21 083 respondents, giving a 65% attendance rate. MEASUREMENTS Tobacco use was assessed by current and previous use of snus or cigarettes. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). FINDINGS Snus users were more often male, were younger and had higher income and higher alcohol consumption than smokers and non-users of snus. In a linear regression analysis, we found no significant association between current snus use and anxiety and depression after adjusting for background variables. However, there was a positive association between previous snus use and anxiety among males [adjusted beta = 0.258; 99% confidence interval (CI) = 0.023-0.492]. Regarding anxiety, the adjusted beta-coefficients for current smoking were 0.425 (99% CI = 0.184-0.666) for females and 0.303 (99% CI = 0.084-0.522) for males. Concerning depression, the adjusted beta coefficients for current smoking were 0.569 (99% CI = 0.358-0.780) for females and 0.281 (99% CI = 0.060-0.503) for males. CONCLUSIONS In Norway, current snus users differ from current smokers by having a higher socio-economic status and no detectable association with anxiety and depression. This suggests that the relationship between tobacco use and anxiety and depression is associated with the administration method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Bondø
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne Høye
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maja-Lisa Løchen
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jørgen G Bramness
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Hamar, Norway
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Trudel-Fitzgerald C, Zevon ES, Kawachi I, Tucker-Seeley RD, Kubzansky LD. Depression, smoking, and lung cancer risk over 24 years among women. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2510-2519. [PMID: 33267930 PMCID: PMC9173857 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720004390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies evaluating depression's role in lung cancer risk revealed contradictory findings, partly because of the small number of cases, short follow-up periods, and failure to account for key covariates including smoking exposure. We investigated the association of depressive symptoms with lung cancer risk in a large prospective cohort over 24 years while considering the role of smoking. METHODS Women from the Nurses' Health Study completed measures of depressive symptoms, sociodemographics, and other factors including smoking in 1992 (N = 42 913). Depressive symptoms were also queried in 1996 and 2000, whereas regular antidepressant use and physician-diagnosed depression were collected starting in 1996. Multivariable Cox regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of lung cancer risk until 2016. RESULTS We identified 1009 cases of lung cancer. Women with the highest v. lowest level of depressive symptoms had an increased lung cancer risk (HRsociodemographics-adjusted = 1.62, 95% CI 1.34-1.95; HRfully-adjusted = 1.25, 95% CI 1.04-1.51). In a test of mediation, lifetime pack-years of smoking accounted for 38% of the overall association between depressive symptoms and disease risk. When stratifying by smoking status, the elevated risk was evident among former smokers but not current or never smokers; however, the interaction term suggested no meaningful differences across groups (p = 0.29). Results were similar or stronger when considering time-updated depression status (using depressive symptoms, physician diagnosis, and regular antidepressant use) and chronicity of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that greater depressive symptoms may contribute to lung cancer incidence, directly and indirectly via smoking habits, which accounted for over a third of the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Emily S. Zevon
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Reginald D. Tucker-Seeley
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
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49
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Rognli EB, Bramness JG, von Soest T. Smoking in early adulthood is prospectively associated with prescriptions of antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, antidepressants and anxiolytics. Psychol Med 2022; 52:3241-3250. [PMID: 33583454 PMCID: PMC9693672 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720005401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether smoking should be regarded as a risk factor for mental disorders remains unresolved. Prescribed psychotropic drugs can be used as indications for mental disorders. We investigated how smoking was prospectively related to prescription of antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and anxiolytics. METHODS Information about smoking, including the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, and relevant confounders, were obtained from the population-based Young in Norway Study (N = 2602), with four data collection waves between 1992 and 2006. These survey data were linked with information on prescriptions for psychotropic drugs from the comprehensive, nationwide Norwegian Prescription Database from 2007 to 2015. RESULTS Daily smoking with high dependence in 2006 at age 28.5 (s.d. = 2.0) was associated with filling prescriptions of antipsychotics (OR, 6.57, 95% CI 2.19-19.70, p = 0.001), mood stabilizers (OR, 7.11, 95% CI 2.51-20.15, p < 0.001) and antidepressants (OR, 1.91, 95% CI 1.13-3.23, p = 0.016) 1-9 years later. Associations remained significant after adjustment for a variety of potential confounders measured before the assessment of smoking, including sociodemographic background, conduct problems, cannabis use, mental distress, and previous prescriptions for psychotropic medications. The association between smoking and prescription of anxiolytics was weaker and more unstable. CONCLUSIONS In this study of young adults, daily smoking with high dependence was associated with later prescriptions of antipsychotics, mood stabilizers and antidepressants, indicating smoking as a risk factor for mental disorders treated with these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Borger Rognli
- Section for Clinical Addiction Research, Department on Substance Use Disorder Treatment, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Gustav Bramness
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Hamar, Norway
| | - Tilmann von Soest
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Social Research (NOVA), OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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50
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Li Y, Wu F, Mu Q, Xu K, Yang S, Wang P, Wu Y, Wu J, Wang W, Li H, Chen L, Wang F, Liu Y. Metal ions in cerebrospinal fluid: Associations with anxiety, depression, and insomnia among cigarette smokers. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:2141-2147. [PMID: 36168907 PMCID: PMC9627395 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metal ions and anxiety, depression, and insomnia among cigarette smokers. METHODS We measured CSF levels of various metal ions from 178 Chinese male subjects. Apart from sociodemographic and clinical characteristics data, the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were applied. RESULTS BDI and PSQI scores (all p < 0.001) were significantly higher in active smokers than nonsmokers. Active smokers have significantly higher CSF levels of magnesium, zinc, iron, lead, lithium, and aluminum (all p ≤ 0.002). Some metal ions, including zinc, iron, lead, and aluminum, were found to have a significant correlation with BDI scores, whereas metal ions, including zinc and lead, were found to have a significant correlation with PSQI scores in the general group. More interesting, mediation analysis showed that aluminum mediated the relationship between smoking and depression. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking was indeed associated with depression and insomnia. Active smokers had significantly higher CSF levels of magnesium, zinc, iron, lead, lithium, and aluminum. Furthermore, CSF aluminum played a mediating role in the relationship between smoking and depression, which further confirmed its neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Li
- Ruian People's HospitalWenzhou Medical College Affiliated Third HospitalWenzhouChina
| | - Fenzan Wu
- Laboratory of Translational MedicineAffiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityNingboChina,School of PharmacyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Qingshuang Mu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder ResearchThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Kewei Xu
- School of Mental HealthWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Shizhuo Yang
- School of PharmacyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Ping Wang
- School of PharmacyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yuyu Wu
- School of Mental HealthWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Junnan Wu
- School of Mental HealthWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mental HealthWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Hui Li
- Psychosomatic Medicine Research DivisionInner Mongolia Medical UniversityHuhhotChina,Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Li Chen
- School of Mental HealthWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Fan Wang
- Beijing Hui‐Long‐Guan HospitalPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yanlong Liu
- The Affiliated Kangning HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
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