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Chang EC, Sánchez-Álvarez N, Rey L, Extremera N. Examining optimism and flourishing as protective factors of suicidality across the adult lifespan: A cross-sectional investigation in three Spanish age groups. DEATH STUDIES 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38416573 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2024.2322560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
We examined optimism and flourishing as unique protective predictors of suicidality (viz., suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors) in a cross-sectional study of young adults (18-35 years), middle-aged adults (36-55 years), and older adults (≥56 years). Young adults were found to have higher levels of suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors compared to middle-aged and older adults. Controlling for depressive symptoms, the results of conducting regression analyses consistently implicated flourishing as a distinct predictor of lower suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors in young adults and middle-aged adults. However, for older adults, only optimism was found to be a unique predictor of lower suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors. Implications of the present findings for understanding the differential role of optimism and flourishing in accounting for suicidality across the adult lifespan are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Lourdes Rey
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Li X, Chen F, Ma L. Exploring the Potential of Artificial Intelligence in Adolescent Suicide Prevention: Current Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions. Psychiatry 2024; 87:7-20. [PMID: 38227496 DOI: 10.1080/00332747.2023.2291945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
ObjectiveThe global surge in adolescent suicide necessitates the development of innovative and efficacious preventive measures. Traditionally, various approaches have been used, but with limited success. However, with the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), new possibilities have emerged. This paper reviews the potentials and challenges of integrating AI into suicide prevention strategies, focusing on adolescents. Method: This narrative review assesses the impact of AI on suicide prevention strategies, the strategies and cases of AI applications in adolescent suicide prevention, as well as the challenges faced. Through searches on the PubMed, web of science, PsycINFO, and EMBASE databases, 19 relevant articles were included in the review. Results: AI has significantly improved risk assessment and predictive modeling for identifying suicidal behavior. It has enabled the analysis of textual data through natural language processing and fostered novel intervention strategies. Although AI applications, such as chatbots and monitoring systems, show promise, they must navigate challenges like data privacy and ethical considerations. The research underscores the potential of AI to enhance future suicide prevention efforts through personalized interventions and integration with emerging technologies. Conclusion: AI possesses transformative potential for adolescent suicide prevention by offering targeted and adaptive solutions, while they also raise crucial ethical and practical considerations. Looking forward, AI can play a critical role in mitigating adolescent suicide rates, marking a new frontier in mental health care.
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Branjerdporn G, Erlich F, Ponraj K, McCosker LK, Woerwag-Mehta S. What Is Helpful and What Is Challenging for the Caregivers of Young People Receiving Interventions to Prevent Suicide? Caregivers' Perspectives-A Rapid Scoping Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1801. [PMID: 38002892 PMCID: PMC10670828 DOI: 10.3390/children10111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death among young people. Preventing suicide in young people is a priority. Caregivers play a vital role in ensuring interventions for young people experiencing suicide ideation and/or attempts are implemented, and that they are maintained over time. Despite this, little is known about what caregivers find helpful and challenging in relation to suicide prevention interventions. This rapid scoping review is the first to address this gap. (2) Methods: Searches were completed on six electronic databases using keywords relating to 'suicide prevention, 'young people', and 'caregivers'. Ten studies-using both qualitative and quantitative methods, and involving >1400 carers from the United States and Europe-were selected for inclusion. (3) Results: The review shows that caregivers value interventions that are delivered by non-judgmental clinicians, that are suitable to the particular needs of their child, that are available when needed, and that support their confidence and communication. Caregivers experience difficulties with interventions that require their attendance at specific times, and that fail to recognize and/or address their own mental health needs. (4) Conclusions: The findings can be used to inform and improve the intervention design, with the aim of improving outcomes for caregivers and young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Branjerdporn
- Mental Health and Specialist Services, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia; (L.K.M.); (S.W.-M.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4226, Australia; (F.E.); (K.P.)
| | - Ferrell Erlich
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4226, Australia; (F.E.); (K.P.)
| | - Karthikeyan Ponraj
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4226, Australia; (F.E.); (K.P.)
| | - Laura K. McCosker
- Mental Health and Specialist Services, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia; (L.K.M.); (S.W.-M.)
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Sabine Woerwag-Mehta
- Mental Health and Specialist Services, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia; (L.K.M.); (S.W.-M.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4226, Australia; (F.E.); (K.P.)
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Kearns JC, Kittel JA, Schlagbaum P, Pigeon WR, Glenn CR. Worry-related sleep problems and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among adolescents in 88 low-, middle-, and high-income countries: an examination of individual- and country-level factors. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1995-2011. [PMID: 34213638 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01838-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A strong association between sleep problems and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) has been demonstrated in high-income countries. The sleep-STB relationship, however, is minimally understood among youth in low and middle-incomes countries. There also is a limited understanding of how individual- (i.e., age, sex) and country-level (i.e., economic inequality, economic quality) factors may moderate the magnitude of the sleep-STB association among youth. Data were analyzed from the cross-national Global School-based Health Survey 2003-2017, which assessed a range of health behaviors among school-enrolled adolescents aged 11-18 years from 88 low-, lower-middle, upper-middle, and high-income countries. Multilevel models were used to examine the influence of individual- and country-level factors on the association between past-year worry-related sleep problems and past-year suicide ideation, suicide plans, and suicide attempts. Worry-related sleep problems were significantly associated with suicide ideation, plans, and attempts. Adolescent sex, country economic quality (income group designation), and country economic inequality moderated the sleep-STB association, but age did not. The sleep-STB relationship was stronger for males and across macroeconomic indices, the relationship was generally strongest among upper-middle income countries (economic quality) and countries with a big income gap (economic inequality). When examining how individual-level factors differentially affected the sleep-STB relationship within economic quality (income group designation), the effects were driven by older adolescents in high-income countries for suicide ideation and suicide plans. Study findings suggest an important role for global macroeconomic factors, for males, and older adolescents in high-income countries in the sleep-STB relationship. Future directions include expanding worldwide coverage of countries, assessing a wider range of sleep problems, and longitudinal work to understand potential mechanisms in the sleep-STB relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn C Kearns
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, 180 Meliora Hall, Box 270266, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
| | - Julie A Kittel
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Paige Schlagbaum
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wilfred R Pigeon
- VA Center for Excellence for Suicide Prevention, Finger Lakes Healthcare System, Canandaigua, NY, USA.,Sleep and Neurophysiology Research Lab, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Catherine R Glenn
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.,Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Okuyama A, Yoo S, Managi S. Children mirror adults for the worse: evidence of suicide rates due to air pollution and unemployment. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1614. [PMID: 36008764 PMCID: PMC9403225 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Every year, more than 700,000 people die due to suicide, one of the most common reasons for youth death. While many studies have revealed two main factors for suicidal behavior: impulsive suicidal behavior due to mental illness and financial stress, it is not clear what happens if individuals face deterioration of mental health and economic recession. This paper attempts to answer this question and how suicide rates are correlated with these factors. Methods We empirically investigate whether economic recessions and air pollution trigger suicides by examining Japan, a country with one of the highest suicide rates, from 2014 to 2021. We take advantage of the characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic and the periods before the pandemic, when both economic recessions and reductions in air pollution occurred simultaneously. Using monthly and municipal- level data, we construct a triple difference model that takes air pollution and unemployment as treatments. Results Our findings show that high (upper half of each period) levels of air pollution and unemployment have substantial impacts on the suicide rates of adults (22.9% in the short term) and children (42.7% in the short term, 36.0% in the long term), indicating that the increase in suicide rates among children is almost twice as high as that among adults. Our study finds that unemployment and air pollution alone are not associated with increased suicide rates but their simultaneous occurrence triggers suicides during the pandemic. Conclusions Our study urges suicide prevention, particularly among children, as an essential consideration for public health. Furthermore, our results indicate the need for the government to allocate resources to recover air quality and the economy simultaneously during a recession to reduce suicide mortality of both child and adults. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14013-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Okuyama
- Urban Institute, School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sunbin Yoo
- Urban Institute, School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Managi
- Urban Institute, School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Shaw C, Stuart J, Thomas T, Kõlves K. Suicidal behaviour and ideation in Guyana: A systematic literature review. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2022; 11:100253. [PMID: 36778929 PMCID: PMC9903603 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2022.100253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background The suicide rate in Guyana has consistently ranked as one of the highest in the world. This systematic review synthesises and critically analyses the existing literature on suicidal behaviours and ideation in Guyana. Methods Systematic review with narrative synthesis was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, PsychInfo, CINAHL and SCOPUS databases were searched until 31st March 2021. Articles which included the analysis of suicidal behaviour or suicidal ideation using data collected in Guyana were eligible for inclusion. Articles relating to the Jonestown mass murder-suicide event were excluded. This review was pre-registered with PROSPERO [CRD42021247669]. Findings The search resulted in 318 articles, of which 24 met eligibility for inclusion. The majority were quantitative (n=18), relating to suicide mortality (n=9), and suicide attempt and suicidal ideation (n=9). Additionally, qualitative (n=5) and mixed-method (n=1) papers investigated the experiences of those bereaved by suicide, gatekeepers of suicidality, and adolescent students. Eleven studies were multinational, whilst 13 focused on Guyana. The quality of the publications varied. Interpretation Despite high annual suicide rates in Guyana, published research is very limited. This review found preliminary evidence for key risk groups; males, female youth, and Indo-Guyanese ethnicity. Pesticide poisoning was identified as the most common method for suicide in Guyana. There is a need for local research investigating the context and narrative of suicide to inform culturally tailored prevention strategies. This study was limited to a narrative synthesis and may be impacted by publication bias. Funding This research was supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship through Griffith University Australia. Registration Pre-registered in PROSPERO [CRD42021247669].
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Shaw
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Level 1, Building M24 Psychology, 176 Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia,Corresponding author.
| | - Jaimee Stuart
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Troy Thomas
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Guyana, Guyana
| | - Kairi Kõlves
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Level 1, Building M24 Psychology, 176 Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia
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Robinson J, Kolves K, Sisask M. Introduction to the PLOS ONE collection on ‘Understanding and preventing suicide: Towards novel and inclusive approaches’. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264984. [PMID: 35271638 PMCID: PMC8912195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 700,000 people lose their lives to suicide each year and evidence suggests that the current COVID-19 pandemic is leading to increases in risk factors for suicide and suicide-related behaviour, in particular among young people. It is widely documented that some sectors of the population are over-represented in the suicide statistics. It is also well established that the pathways that lead someone to a suicidal crisis are complex and differ across regions and sectors of the population; as such a multi-faceted approach to prevention is required. Many of us would also argue that novel approaches, that combine broad population-based strategies with individual interventions, and approaches that capitalise on new technologies and methodologies are also required. For these reasons, when bringing together this collection, we deliberately sought studies that focused upon those groups who are over-represented in the suicide statistics yet under-represented in research. We also called for studies that reported on novel approaches to suicide prevention and for studies that reflected the voices of people with lived experience of suicide, also often unheard in research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Robinson
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Kairi Kolves
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Merike Sisask
- Tallinn University, School of Governance, Law and Society, Tallinn, Estonia
- Estonian-Swedish Mental Health and Suicidology Institute (ERSI), Tallinn, Estonia
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Junuzovic M, Lind KMT, Jakobsson U. Child suicides in Sweden, 2000-2018. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:599-607. [PMID: 34476611 PMCID: PMC8821491 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although child mortality is decreasing in Sweden, an increase in suicide rates has been previously observed among children and adolescents collectively. To increase knowledge about trends, demographics, and means in child suicides, data including all child (< 18 years) suicides in Sweden in 2000 through 2018 were retrieved from the Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine. In all, a total of 416 child suicides were found in a 19-year period, accounting for an annual suicide rate of 1.1/100,000 child population. The number of suicides increased with 2.2% by each successive year during the study period (p < 0.001). The mean age in both sexes was 16 years; boys accounted for 55% and girls for 45% of all study cases. The majority of the children who died by suicide (96%) were teenagers (13-17 years old) and suicides in children younger than 10 years were uncommon. Suicide methods were 59% hanging, 20% lying/jumping in front of a moving object, 8% jumping from a height, 7% firearm injury, 4% poisoning, and 2% other methods. Sex differences were significant (p < 0.001) only for firearms being preferably used by boys. The vast majority of firearms used were licensed long-barreled weapons.Conclusion: The number of child suicides in Sweden is relatively low but increasing. Most of the children used a violent and highly lethal method. Prevention of premature mortality is an urgent concern with an emphasis on resolutely reducing the availability of suicide means. What is Known: • Suicide is a significant cause of death globally among children, bringing tragic consequences for young individuals, their family, and the entire society. • Suicide rates and distribution of suicide methods in children differ between countries and settings, but studies of time trends are scarce. What is New: • Increasing number of minors' suicides and the predominance of violent methods emphasize the importance of prevention strategies tailored for a child population. • Even in a setting of very restrictive firearm laws, firearm suicides in children must not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mensura Junuzovic
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Forensic Medicine, Umeå University, PO Box 7616, 907 12, Umeå, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Kaja Maria Toporska Lind
- grid.411843.b0000 0004 0623 9987Department of Pediatrics, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Entrégatan 7, SE-222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Jakobsson
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
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Mathieu SL, Uddin R, Brady M, Batchelor S, Ross V, Spence SH, Watling D, Kõlves K. Systematic Review: The State of Research Into Youth Helplines. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:1190-1233. [PMID: 33383161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Helplines are generally a population-level resource for providing free, timely, easy-to-access, and anonymous counseling and/or information. Helplines have been developed and widely implemented for specific use by young people. The current study aimed to systematically review the literature to determine the status of research into the use of helplines among young people. METHOD Following the PRISMA checklist, 5 electronic databases were searched using relevant terms for literature published until May 2020. The extracted studies were summarized with the intention of identifying key themes that highlighted common findings, key implications, and important gaps in understanding. RESULTS A total of 52 articles fitting study inclusion criteria were identified. Most studies were quantitative papers from the United States and Australia. The types of helpline interactions studied were a mixture of telephone-based and SMS/text-based interactions. Three major themes were identified: awareness of and engagement with helpline services, nature of problems faced by young people, and service-related factors. Subthemes were use and awareness, barriers to help seeking, psychosocial problems, suicidality, telephone- versus text-based interactions, counselor-caller interaction, and provision of services to historically and systemically marginalized groups. CONCLUSION It appears that helplines may provide a beneficial service to youths, and that myriad psychosocial concerns provide the basis for calling. The literature is limited by a lack of controlled trials, on one hand, and complex methodological/ethical barriers preventing such trials, on the other hand. However, more research is needed before conclusions regarding effectiveness in youths can be made, particularly for services provided to systemically marginalized groups and using online text-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharna L Mathieu
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Riaz Uddin
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia; School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Morgan Brady
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Victoria Ross
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Susan H Spence
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David Watling
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kairi Kõlves
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
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Silva PJDC, Feitosa RA, Machado MF, Quirino TRL, Correia DS, Wanderley RDA, Souza CDFD. Perfil epidemiológico e tendência temporal da mortalidade por suicício em adolescentes. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo Descrever o perfil epidemiológico e analisar a tendência temporal da mortalidade por suicídio entre adolescentes (10-19 anos) do Nordeste brasileiro, no período de 2001 a 2015. Métodos Trata-se de estudo observacional, que teve como cenário a região Nordeste do Brasil. O período de estudo foi de 2001 a 2015. Consideraram-se as mortes por lesão autoprovocada intencionalmente (X60 a X84), intoxicação exógena de intenção indeterminada (Y10 a Y19) e sequela de lesões autoprovocadas intencionalmente (Y87.0), de acordo com a 10ª Revisão da Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID-10), de adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos. As variáveis analisadas foram: sexo, faixa etária, raça/cor, CID específico, estado de residência e taxa de mortalidade por suicídio/100.000 habitantes. Resultados Foram registrados 3.194 óbitos em decorrência de suicídio na faixa etária estudada, com predomínio do sexo masculino (62,1%; n = 1.984), faixa etária de 15 a 19 anos (84,8%; n = 2.707), raça/cor parda (65,4%; n = 2.090); entre quatro e sete anos de escolaridade (31,7%; n = 1.011) e no CID X70 (47,8%; n = 1.528). A tendência temporal de mortalidade foi crescente de 2001 a 2015 (APC: 2,4%; p < 0,01), com maiores taxas no sexo masculino. Observou-se tendência crescente da taxa de suicídios, no sexo masculino, em todo o período (AAPC: 2,9%; p < 0,01). No sexo feminino, identificou-se tendência decrescente a partir de 2004 (APC: -2,2%; p < 0,01). Conclusão O perfil epidemiológico foi caracterizado pelo sexo masculino, faixa etária de 15-19 anos, cor/raça parda e escolaridade média. A tendência apresentou padrão de crescimento no sexo masculino e declínio no feminino. Recomenda-se que políticas públicas sejam voltadas para a população adolescente.
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Aliev AA, Roberts T, Magzumova S, Panteleeva L, Yeshimbetova S, Krupchanka D, Sartorius N, Thornicroft G, Winkler P. Widespread collapse, glimpses of revival: a scoping review of mental health policy and service development in Central Asia. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1329-1340. [PMID: 33738529 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to map evidence on the development of mental health care in Central Asia after 1991. METHOD We conducted a scoping review complemented by an expert review. We searched five databases for peer-reviewed journal articles and conducted grey literature searching. The reference lists of included articles were screened for additional relevant publications. RESULTS We included 53 articles (Kazakhstan: 13, Kyrgyzstan: 14, Tajikistan: 10, Uzbekistan: 9, Turkmenistan: 2, Multinational: 5). Only 9 were published in internationally recognised journals. In the 1990's mental health services collapsed following a sharp decline in funding, and historically popular folk services re-emerged as an alternative. Currently, modernised mental health policies exist but remain largely unimplemented due to lack of investment and low prioritisation by governments. Psychiatric treatment is still concentrated in hospitals, and community-based and psycho-social services are almost entirely unavailable. Stigma is reportedly high throughout the region, psychiatric myths are widespread, and societal awareness of human rights is low. With the exception of Kyrgyzstan, user involvement is virtually absent. After many years of stagnation, however, political interest in mental health is beginning to show, along with some promising service developments. CONCLUSIONS There is a substantial knowledge gap in the region. Informed decision-making and collaboration with stakeholders is necessary to facilitate future reform implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akmal-Alikhan Aliev
- Department of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 256 01, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Tessa Roberts
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shakhnoza Magzumova
- Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Liliia Panteleeva
- Department of Medical Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University Named After B. N. Yeltsin, Bishkek, Chuy Province, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Saida Yeshimbetova
- Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Neurology, Kazakh-Russian Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Dzmitry Krupchanka
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Norman Sartorius
- Association for the Improvement of Mental Health Programmes, CH, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Graham Thornicroft
- Centre for Global Mental Health and Centre for Implementation Science, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Petr Winkler
- Department of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 256 01, Klecany, Czech Republic.
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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Lazarević K, Bogdanović D, Milićević S, Dolićanin Z, Milić D. Mortality from external causes among 1-14 years old children in Serbia, 1997-2016. Cent Eur J Public Health 2021; 29:83-89. [PMID: 34245546 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Globally, child mortality from external causes is in decline, but it is still among the leading causes of child deaths. The aim of this first national study was to determine trends of mortality rates from external causes among children aged 1-14 years in Serbia. METHODS Mortality data were collected from the database of the Statistical Office of Serbia. Joinpoint analysis was used to assess the average annual percentage change (APC) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) in mortality from 1997 to 2016. RESULTS In the 1997-2016 period, there were 1,388 child deaths from external causes. They contributed to 29.4% of child mortality in total, from 34.8% in 1997 to 21.8% in 2016. Mortality rate was two times higher among boys (8.1 per 100,000) than girls (4.1 per 100,000). Transport accidents (37.6%), followed by drowning and submersion (18.2%), represented more than half of all deaths due to external causes. Since 1997, mortality rate showed a significant downward trend in boys by -5.4% (95% CI -6.8 to -3.9) yearly for unintentional injuries and significantly by -10% (95% CI -19.0 to 0.1) yearly for intentional injuries. Among girls, death rate for unintentional injuries decreased significantly by -7.1% (95% CI -9.0 to -5.1) yearly and decreased insignificantly for intentional injuries by -2.1% (95% CI -15.3 to 13.1) yearly. CONCLUSIONS The external causes of death, despite the substantial decline in mortality, are still present among children aged 1-14 years in Serbia. Therefore, implementation of nationwide programmes for prevention of external causes of death is urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstansa Lazarević
- Department for Biomedical Science, State University of Novi Pazar, Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Dragan Bogdanović
- Department for Biomedical Science, State University of Novi Pazar, Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Saša Milićević
- Department for Biomedical Science, State University of Novi Pazar, Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Zana Dolićanin
- Department for Biomedical Science, State University of Novi Pazar, Novi Pazar, Serbia
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Watling D, Batchelor S, Collyer B, Mathieu S, Ross V, Spence SH, Kõlves K. Help-Seeking from a National Youth Helpline in Australia: An Analysis of Kids Helpline Contacts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18116024. [PMID: 34205148 PMCID: PMC8199956 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Counselling helplines or hotlines are key support services for young people with mental health concerns or in suicide and self-harm crises. We aimed to describe young peoples' use of a national youth helpline (Kids Helpline, Australia, KHL) to understand how usage changed over time. A descriptive analysis was conducted on 1,415,228 answered contacts between 2012-2018. We described the trend of service usage over the observed period, the types of youth who used the service, and the problems young people contacted the service about. Phone (APC = -9.1, KHL: -10.4 to -7.8, p < 0.001) and email (APC = -13.7, 95%CI: -17.1 to -10.2, p < 0.001) contacts decreased over time whereas webchat contacts increased (APC = 16.7, 95%CI: 11.7 to 22.0, p < 0.001). With this increase in webchat contacts, there was an associated increase in total webchat contact duration. Concerns raised in contacts to the service were primarily related to emotional wellbeing and mental health concerns (53.2% phone, 57.3% webchat, 58.2% email) followed by social relationship issues (20.4% phone, 20.3% webchat, 16.8% email) and family relationships (19.4% phone, 17.2% webchat, 21.8% email). The increased preference for online text-based information and counselling services can help inform development of services for young people and allocation of staff/service training and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Watling
- W.H.O Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane 4122, Australia; (D.W.); (S.M.); (V.R.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Samantha Batchelor
- Advocacy and Research Division, Yourtown, Brisbane 4064, Australia; (S.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Brian Collyer
- Advocacy and Research Division, Yourtown, Brisbane 4064, Australia; (S.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Sharna Mathieu
- W.H.O Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane 4122, Australia; (D.W.); (S.M.); (V.R.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Victoria Ross
- W.H.O Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane 4122, Australia; (D.W.); (S.M.); (V.R.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Susan H. Spence
- W.H.O Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane 4122, Australia; (D.W.); (S.M.); (V.R.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Kairi Kõlves
- W.H.O Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane 4122, Australia; (D.W.); (S.M.); (V.R.); (S.H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3735 3380
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14
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Jaen-Varas DC, Mari JJ, Asevedo E, Borschmann R, Diniz E, Ziebold C, Gadelha A. A 10-year ecological study of the methods of suicide used by Brazilian adolescents. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2020; 36:e00104619. [PMID: 32901704 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00104619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide among adolescents has become a major public health problem worldwide. Our study sought to describe the most commonly used methods of suicide among adolescents aged 10 to 19 years in Brazil between 2006 and 2015. Complete data were obtained from the Brazilian Health Informatics Department (DATASUS) and coded into seven categories of suicide methods. The following statistical analyzes were performed: chi-square (χ2) tests to examine the association between the frequency of each suicide method and the year; odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) compared the relative chances of each suicide method occurring between boys and girls. In total, 8,026 suicides among Brazilian adolescents were registered over the analyzed period. The most commonly used method of suicide by both sexes was hanging (2015 = 70.3%), and the most significant increase was observed in girls (2015 = 65.82%). The proportional use of arms (2006 = 14.2%; 2015 = 9.1%) and poisoning (2006 = 13.3%; 2015 = 9.2%) decreased over the period. The increase in hanging is worrisome, mostly due to difficulties to impose access barriers and to its high lethality. In such context, a comprehensive understanding of suicide behaviors among adolescents in Brazil should be drawn to inform general prevention measures and, more specifically, the reasons for the increase in hanging need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jair J Mari
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.,Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Elson Asevedo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.,Global Mental Health Program, Columbia University, New York, U.S.A
| | - Rohan Borschmann
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elton Diniz
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Carolina Ziebold
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.,Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ary Gadelha
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.,Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes, São Paulo, Brasil
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15
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Correia R, Jackson D. Risk to self: identifying and managing risk of suicide and self-harm. BJPSYCH ADVANCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1192/bja.2020.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYThis article summarises key areas of research informing understanding of vulnerability factors and risk assessment and management across the lifespan, with particular reference to risk to self (self-harm and suicide). It relates the discussion to people attending sexual assault referral centres (SARCs), but is applicable in a range of clinical settings. Although people accessing SARCs often present with mental health difficulties and various other vulnerabilities, SARC practitioners often do not have specialist training in working with mental health difficulties, including individuals at risk to self. We discuss developmental differences that should be considered when assessing and managing risk to self, and examine relationships between mental health difficulties, risk to self, and rape and/or sexual assault. Finally, we offer advice on how to respond to risk presented by individuals who have experienced sexual violence.
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Campisi SC, Carducci B, Akseer N, Zasowski C, Szatmari P, Bhutta ZA. Suicidal behaviours among adolescents from 90 countries: a pooled analysis of the global school-based student health survey. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1102. [PMID: 32772922 PMCID: PMC7416394 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the burden and determinants of suicide during adolescence is key to achieving global health goals. We examined the prevalence and determinants of self-reported suicidal ideation and attempts among younger (13-15 years) and older adolescents (16-17 years). METHODS Pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence interval, were calculated for suicide ideation and attempts for 118 surveys from 90 countries that administered the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) to adolescents (13-17 years of age) from 2003 to 2017. Indicators (including individual and social factors) associated with suicidal ideation and attempts were determined from multivariable linear regressions on key outcomes. RESULTS The prevalence of suicidal ideation representing 397,299 adolescents (51.3% female) was significantly higher among girls than boys whereas attempts did not differ by age or sex. Being bullied, or having no close friends was associated with suicidal ideation among girls 13-15 years and 16-17 years, respectively. Among all boys, being in a fight and having no close friends was associated with suicidal ideation with the addition of serious injury for boys 13-15 years. Common to all younger adolescents was an association of suicide attempt with being bullied and having had a serious injury. Among young boys, having no close friends was an additional indicator for suicide attempt. Having no close friends was associated with suicide attempt in older adolescents with the addition to being bullied in older girls and serious injury in older boys. CONCLUSIONS Building positive social relationships with peers and avoiding serious injury appear key to suicide prevention strategies for vulnerable adolescents. Targeted programs by age group and sex for such indicators could improve mental health during adolescence in low and middle-income countries, given the diverse risk profiles for suicidal ideation and attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C. Campisi
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 11th Floor, Suite 11.9805, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s Circle College, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Bianca Carducci
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 11th Floor, Suite 11.9805, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s Circle College, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Nadia Akseer
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 11th Floor, Suite 11.9805, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - Clare Zasowski
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Community Service, Ryerson University, Kerr Hall South, Room KHS-349; 50 Gould Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1X8 Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Burton Wing, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8 Canada
- Centre for Addiction, and Mental Health, Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, 80 Workman Way, Toronto, Ontario M6J 1H4 Canada
| | - Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 11th Floor, Suite 11.9805, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s Circle College, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8 Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Women, and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, PO Box 3500, Karachi, 74800 Pakistan
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto, Health Sciences Building, 155 College Street, 6th floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M7 Canada
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17
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Keten A. Death in childhood and adolescence: Accident! J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:3807-3809. [PMID: 33110771 PMCID: PMC7586518 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_465_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In childhood and adolescence periods, individuals encounter many dangerous situations caused by not completing their biological and psychological development. Some of them are pathological deaths such as accidents, poisoning, and traumatic actions for children. Awareness of the number and causes of death is an indicator that reflects the health status of our society. It is also vital in-service planning for both preventive and therapeutic medical professions. The purpose of this article is to evaluate death cases between the ages of 0-18 in terms of forensic medicine. As a result, it has been understood that accidents are an important cause of death in childhood. In particular, developing policies to protect against common accidents will reduce the mortality rates of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Keten
- Institute of Forensic and Traffic Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Jumageldinov A, Nuradinov A, Einloft Brunnet A, Derivois D. Cultural risk factors of suicidal behavior among adolescents in Kazakhstan. Encephale 2020; 46:500-502. [PMID: 32273137 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Youth suicide is becoming a serious problem in Kazakhstan. According to UNICEF reports, the risk of suicidal behavior among adolescents (15-19 years) in Kazakhstan is three times higher than in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Despite the urgency of the problem, there are currently no psychological studies of the causes of suicide. In this article, we identify several cultural and historical factors and associated risks that, in our opinion, should be considered in the study of the growth of adolescent suicide in Kazakhstan.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jumageldinov
- Laboratoire de psychologie Psy-DREPI, EA-7458, Department of clinical psychology, University of Burgundy - Franche-Comté, Dijon, France; South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia.
| | - A Nuradinov
- Department of social pedagogics and self-knowledge, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - A Einloft Brunnet
- Laboratoire de psychologie Psy-DREPI, EA-7458, Research Group Cognition, Emotion and Behavior, Psychology department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio-Grande-do-Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; University of Burgundy - Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - D Derivois
- Laboratoire de psychologie Psy-DREPI, EA-7458, University of Burgundy - Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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19
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Glenn CR, Kleiman EM, Kellerman J, Pollak O, Cha CB, Esposito EC, Porter AC, Wyman PA, Boatman AE. Annual Research Review: A meta-analytic review of worldwide suicide rates in adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 61:294-308. [PMID: 31373003 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of death among youth worldwide. The purpose of the current review was to examine recent cross-national trends in suicide mortality rates among 10- to 19-year-olds. This study extracted suicide mortality data from the World Health Organization's (WHO) Mortality Database for the most recent year (since 2010) from any country with available high-quality data (as defined by the WHO's guidelines). Data on access to lethal means (firearms, railways) and measures of economic quality (World Bank Income Group) and inequality (Gini coefficients) were obtained from publicly available data sources. Cross-national suicide mortality rates in youth were heterogeneous. The pooled estimate across all ages, sexes, and countries was 3.77/100,000 people. The highest suicide rates were found in Estonia, New Zealand, and Uzbekistan. Suicide rates were higher among older compared with younger adolescents and higher among males than females. The most common suicide methods were hanging/suffocation and jumping/lying in front of a moving object or jumping from a height. Firearm and railway access were related to suicide deaths by firearms and jumping/lying, respectively. Economic quality and inequality were not related to overall suicide mortality rates. However, economic inequality was correlated with a higher ratio of male:female suicides. This study provides a recent update of cross-national suicide trends in adolescents. Findings replicate prior patterns related to age, sex, geographic region, and common suicide methods. New to this review are findings relating suicide method accessibility to suicide mortality rates and the significant association between income inequality and the ratio of male:female suicide. Future research directions include expanding the worldwide coverage to more low- and middle-income countries, examining demographic groupings beyond binary sex and to race/ethnicity within countries, and clarifying factors that account for cross-national differences in suicide trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Glenn
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Evan M Kleiman
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - John Kellerman
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Olivia Pollak
- Department of Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christine B Cha
- Department of Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erika C Esposito
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Andrew C Porter
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Peter A Wyman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Anne E Boatman
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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20
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Studart-Bottó P, Martins-Junior DF, Sarmento S, Argolo L, Galvão-de-Almeida A, Miranda-Scippa Â. Self-injurious behavior and related mortality in children under 10 years of age: a retrospective health record study in Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SAO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) 2020; 42:40-45. [PMID: 31389497 PMCID: PMC6986482 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe and analyze data on self-injurious behavior (SIB) and related mortality in children under 10 years old in Brazil. METHODS A descriptive study was performed using secondary public health care data extracted from the Hospital Information System (Sistema de Informações Hospitalares, SIH) and Mortality Information System (Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade, SIM) in Brazil. The databases are available for online access at http://datasus.saude.gov.br/. RESULTS In Brazil, according to SIH data, 11,312 hospitalizations of patients under 10 years of age were recorded from 1998 to 2018 as resulting from SIB (ICD-10 X60-X84 codes). Of these, 65 resulted in death. According to the SIM, from 1996 to 2016, 91 deaths related to SIB were recorded, 81 (89%) in children aged 5 to 9 years, nine (9.9%) in children aged 1 to 4 years, and one (1.1%) in a child below 1 year of age. CONCLUSION These results highlight the relevance of creating measures to better understand SIB and related mortality in this age group. They also reveal the vulnerability of children in Brazil and warrant further studies to address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Studart-Bottó
- Ambulatório de Transtorno do Humor e Ansiedade (CETHA), Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos (HUPES), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Davi F. Martins-Junior
- Ambulatório de Transtorno do Humor e Ansiedade (CETHA), Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos (HUPES), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - Stella Sarmento
- Ambulatório de Transtorno do Humor e Ansiedade (CETHA), Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos (HUPES), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Lucas Argolo
- Ambulatório de Transtorno do Humor e Ansiedade (CETHA), Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos (HUPES), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Amanda Galvão-de-Almeida
- Ambulatório de Transtorno do Humor e Ansiedade (CETHA), Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos (HUPES), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Departamento de Neurociência e Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Ângela Miranda-Scippa
- Ambulatório de Transtorno do Humor e Ansiedade (CETHA), Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos (HUPES), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Departamento de Neurociência e Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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21
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Makushkin EV, Badmaeva VD, Dozortseva EG, Syrokvashina KV, Oshevsky DS, Chibisova IA, Terekhina SA. [Age-related features of mental development and mental state of adolescents, who committed suicide]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019. [PMID: 31532587 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201911907220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify age-related psychopathological disorders and psychological characteristics of mental development and mental state of minors who committed suicide. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included a continuous sample of 285 reports of post-mortem psychological-psychiatric forensic assessment (CSPE) of juveniles, aged 11 to 17 years (average age 14.92±1.82), who committed suicide, in 7 federal districts of the Russian Federation. Within the total sample, two age groups were compared: adolescents from 11 to 14 years old (1) and 15-17 years old (2). Document analysis, clinical-psychopathological, clinical-psychological, qualitative and statistical methods were used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Within the period from 11 to 17 years, the exponential growth of suicide rate is observed. An increase of family- and school-related psychological problems as well as difficulties in the relationship with the opposite sex are typical for the older group. Simultaneously, the effect of maladaptive individual features increases and psychopathological states and disorders, including, stress and adjustment disorders and depressive disorders, develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Makushkin
- Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - V D Badmaeva
- Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - E G Dozortseva
- Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - K V Syrokvashina
- Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - D S Oshevsky
- Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Chibisova
- Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Terekhina
- Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Epidemiology of suicide in 10-19 years old in southern Iran, 2011-2016: A population-based study on 6720 cases. J Forensic Leg Med 2019; 66:129-133. [PMID: 31299485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Globally, suicide is the second leading cause of death among young people. Although completed suicide is rare before puberty, the incidence of adolescent suicide has increased significantly at the late ages of 10-19. Hence, this study investigates the adolescent suicide, aged 10-19, in southern Iran. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, all data regarding the demographics, causes, methods, outcomes, past medical history of suicide attempts and suicide death were collected from the Mental Health and Suicide Surveillance Systems of Fars province between 2011 and 2016. RESULTS Overall 6-year incidence rate of suicide attempts and death were 193.49/100,000 and 7.91/100,000, respectively. Case-fatality rate was 4.09%. During the period of 6 years, an increasing trend has been observed for both the rates of suicide attempt and death. Family conflicts were the major cause and medication overdose was the main method of suicides. After controlling the effects of confounders by logistic regression, male gender, living in the rural area and age are among the risk factors of fatality in suicide attempts. CONCLUSIONS Suicide attempts and deaths have been increased in adolescents. Therefore, due to the vulnerability of this age group, we need to understand all components of suicide to educate families and to help policy makers.
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Siu AMH. Self-Harm and Suicide Among Children and Adolescents in Hong Kong: A Review of Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Prevention Strategies. J Adolesc Health 2019; 64:S59-S64. [PMID: 31122551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the prevalence, risk factors, and effectiveness of prevention programs for self-harm and suicide among children and adolescents in Hong Kong. Youth suicide rates declined gradually over the past two decades, but it is alarming to see that self-harm, suicidal thoughts, and attempts are quite common among junior secondary students. Local studies identify psychopathology (especially depression) and family relationship issues as the most common risk factors of suicide and self-harm, and impulsive control issues are an additional factor contributing to self-harm. In the second part, this paper reviews the evidence for six types of universal and selective prevention strategies identified from local and overseas literature: (1) restriction of access to means of suicide; (2) guidelines for responsible media reporting of suicides; (3) provision of quality mental healthcare to at-risk populations; (4) school-based screening and prevention programs; (5) online prevention, monitoring, and support programs; and (6) life skills training programs. Research evidence supports that the provision of high-quality mental health services to at-risk populations and some school-based prevention programs (awareness and screening, and gatekeeper training) are effective in suicide prevention. Further research efforts are needed to verify the impact of the other four strategies. Practitioners could make better use of new prevention programs through the internet and instant messaging platforms, which have the potential to alter attitude toward suicide and self-harm as well as promoting help seeking behavior among young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M H Siu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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24
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Sales AP, Santana da Silva TP, Sougey EB, Saraiva Câmara Filho JW. Psychopathological and Psychosocial Repercussions of Suicide in the Family. CURRENT PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH AND REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573400515666190114155014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Although the relationship between the occurrence of suicide and the
presence of psychosocial suffering in bereaved relatives is clear, there are still few studies that deal
with the detail of these repercussions and the therapeutic conduction given to them for the suicide.
Objective:
to carry out an integrative review on the psychopathological and psychosocial
repercussions of suicide in the family, with emphasis on the detail of the main psychopathological
characteristics presented by the individuals and the psychosocial impacts of mourning.
Method:
An integrative review was performed. The guiding question considered Population
Intervention Comparator Outcome Setting and the revision protocol is in agreement with Preferred
Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes. The search occurred in the bases:
Periodicals CAPES, PsycINFO and PubMed. Original articles were included, without language
restriction that emphasized psychopathological and psychosocial aspects of the mourners after
suicide. We excluded review studies, clinical cases, editorials and retrospectives.
Results:
The process of suicide mourning for family members is a complex event, marked by stigma
and can predispose patients to mental illness and suicidal behavior, especially in the early years of
mourning. In addition, it is necessary to expand the scope of evidence on the effectiveness of
support and intervention with this population.
Conclusion:
Bereaved families need specialized preventive support insofar as the complexity of
bereavement becomes a vulnerability factor for mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Patricia Sales
- Doctorate in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Everton Botelho Sougey
- Doctorate in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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25
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Leisure-time sedentary behavior and suicide attempt among 126,392 adolescents in 43 countries. J Affect Disord 2019; 250:346-353. [PMID: 30877857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent suicide is a major global mental health problem. Exploring variables associated with suicide attempts is important for the development of targeted interventions. The aim of the current study was to explore associations between leisure-time sedentary behavior and suicide attempts. METHODS Data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey were analyzed. Data on past 12-month suicide attempts and self-reported leisure-time sedentary time were collected. Multivariable logistic regression and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the associations. RESULTS Among 126,392 students from 43 countries (mean age 13.8 ± 0.96 years; 48.9% female), 10.6% had attempted suicide. The prevalence of suicide attempts increased with increasing sedentary leisure-time per day (from 9% at <1 h/day to 16.8% at >8 h/day). Compared to those engaging in <1 h/day sedentary during leisure-time, there was a dose-dependent increase in odds ratios (ORs) for suicide attempts, with the OR for >8 h/day being 1.45 (95% confidence interval=1.19-1.77). LIMITATIONS The study is cross-sectional, therefore the directionality of the relationships cannot be deduced. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that leisure-time sedentary behavior is associated with increased odds for suicide attempt in adolescence. Future longitudinal data are required to confirm/refute the findings to inform public prevention campaigns.
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Benarous X, Consoli A, Cohen D, Renaud J, Lahaye H, Guilé JM. Suicidal behaviors and irritability in children and adolescents: a systematic review of the nature and mechanisms of the association. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:667-683. [PMID: 30293122 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While many psychiatric disorders are associated with an increased risk for suicidal behaviors (SB) in children and adolescents, a few studies have explored the role of clinical symptoms based on a dimensional approach. Irritability is seen as a marker, a general psychopathology, and a symptom of both externalizing and internalizing disorders. In this review, we are interested in determining whether and how irritability can predict SB in youth. First, we reviewed consistencies and variation in the literature linking irritability to suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempt (SA). Second, based on the available models, we proposed specific mechanistic pathways, whereby irritability may modulate the risk for SB. Irritability has been found associated with SB both in cross-sectional and in longitudinal studies. The relation is consistent in different settings (i.e., general population and clinical settings) and across psychiatric disorders. The association is reduced but persists after adjusting for psychiatric disorder, including depression. On one hand, irritability constitutes a risk factor for SI via the onset of internalized disorder. On the other hand, irritable youth may be more prone to attempt suicide when experiencing SI. The measures for irritability were heterogeneous. A limited number of studies were designed to explore the role of mediators and/or moderators. Recognizing irritability in children and adolescents is a key issue with regards to suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Benarous
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France. .,INSERM Unit U1105 Research Group for Analysis of the Multimodal Cerebral Function, University of Picardy Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France.
| | - Angèle Consoli
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.,GRC-15, Dimensional approach of Child and Adolescent Psychotic Episodes, Pierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC), Paris, France
| | - David Cohen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7222, Institute for Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Sorbonne Université, UPMC, Paris, France
| | - Johanne Renaud
- Manulife Centre for Breakthroughs in Teen Depression and Suicide Prevention, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hélène Lahaye
- Child and Adolescent Psychopathology Department, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Marc Guilé
- INSERM Unit U1105 Research Group for Analysis of the Multimodal Cerebral Function, University of Picardy Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Child and Adolescent Psychopathology Department, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
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27
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Suicidal behaviour among sexual-minority youth: a review of the role of acceptance and support. THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2019; 3:190-198. [DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(18)30400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Cicogna JIR, Hillesheim D, Hallal ALDLC. Mortalidade por suicídio de adolescentes no Brasil: tendência temporal de crescimento entre 2000 e 2015. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivos: Analisar a tendência temporal de mortalidade por suicídio entre adolescentes no Brasil de 2000 a 2015. Métodos: Os dados foram coletados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). As variáveis do estudo foram sexo, ano e causa básica de morte. O estudo incluiu mortes por Lesões Autoprovocadas Intencionalmente, X60-X84 – de acordo com a 10ᵃ Revisão da Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID-10), de adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos. A técnica estatística utilizada foi a de regressão linear simples, e os resultados foram considerados estatisticamente significativos quando p ≤ 5%. Resultados: Entre 2000 e 2015, foram observados 11.947 óbitos por suicídio em adolescentes no Brasil, e 67% deles foram no sexo masculino, o que corresponde a uma relação de 2,06:1 entre o sexo. Houve crescimento estatisticamente significativo da mortalidade por suicídio de adolescentes no Brasil (p = 0,016), a qual passou de 1,71 por 100.000 habitantes em 2000 para 2,51 em 2015, um crescimento de 47%. Essa expansão ocorreu em função do incremento nos suicídios de adolescentes do sexo masculino (p = 0,001), especificamente no norte (p < 0,001) e nordeste (p < 0,001) do Brasil. Em relação ao sexo feminino, houve tendência de diminuição da mortalidade por suicídio na região Centro-Oeste (p = 0,039), mas, quando se trata do Brasil como um todo, houve oscilação da mortalidade por suicídio. Conclusões: Houve crescimento significativo da mortalidade por suicídio entre os adolescentes no Brasil, particularmente na população masculina.
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29
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Cicogna JIR, Hillesheim D, Hallal ALDLC. Mortalidade por suicídio de adolescentes no Brasil: tendência temporal de crescimento entre 2000 e 2015. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivos: Analisar a tendência temporal de mortalidade por suicídio entre adolescentes no Brasil de 2000 a 2015. Métodos: Os dados foram coletados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). As variáveis do estudo foram sexo, ano e causa básica de morte. O estudo incluiu mortes por Lesões Autoprovocadas Intencionalmente, X60-X84 – de acordo com a 10ᵃ Revisão da Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID-10), de adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos. A técnica estatística utilizada foi a de regressão linear simples, e os resultados foram considerados estatisticamente significativos quando p ≤ 5%. Resultados: Entre 2000 e 2015, foram observados 11.947 óbitos por suicídio em adolescentes no Brasil, e 67% deles foram no sexo masculino, o que corresponde a uma relação de 2,06:1 entre o sexo. Houve crescimento estatisticamente significativo da mortalidade por suicídio de adolescentes no Brasil (p = 0,016), a qual passou de 1,71 por 100.000 habitantes em 2000 para 2,51 em 2015, um crescimento de 47%. Essa expansão ocorreu em função do incremento nos suicídios de adolescentes do sexo masculino (p = 0,001), especificamente no norte (p < 0,001) e nordeste (p < 0,001) do Brasil. Em relação ao sexo feminino, houve tendência de diminuição da mortalidade por suicídio na região Centro-Oeste (p = 0,039), mas, quando se trata do Brasil como um todo, houve oscilação da mortalidade por suicídio. Conclusões: Houve crescimento significativo da mortalidade por suicídio entre os adolescentes no Brasil, particularmente na população masculina.
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30
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Núñez-González S, Lara-Vinueza AG, Gault C, Delgado-Ron JA. Trends and Spatial Patterns of Suicide Among Adolescent in Ecuador, 1997-2016. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2018; 14:283-292. [PMID: 30972127 PMCID: PMC6407649 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901814010283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Suicide is a global public health problem, ranking among the top 20 leading causes of mortality. Objective: The aim of the present study is two-fold. Firstly, it describes the temporal trends of suicide in adolescents from 1997 to 2016 in Ecuador, allowing us to identify critical periods. Secondly, it analyzes the spatiotemporal clusters of high mortality rates and the spatial distribution due to suicide in the country, from 2011 to 2016. Methods: This is an ecological study; we included all death certificates of suicide among adolescents in the 10 - 19 age groups both sex, from the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC) database in Ecuador from 1997 to 2016. In order to assess the trend of suicide rates, we obtained Annual Percentage Changes (APCs) and average Annual Percent Changes (AAPCs) through Joinpoint regression analysis. Space-time scan statistics were used to identify high-risk clusters, and the spatial autocorrelation was evaluated through global Moran index. Results: Suicides at a national level increased from 165 deaths in 1997 to 286 deaths in 2016; rates increased from 12.7 to 23.3 per 100,000 population along with a significant increase of the trend at the national level (AAPC=3.7%; 95% CI: 2.1 to 5.2). We identified two significant spatial clusters for a high occurrence of suicide: the primary most likely cluster included 83 cantons (Risk Relative=2.28) while the second most likely cluster included 20 cantons (Risk Relative=1.74). The Global Moran I index for the study period showed a positive spatial autocorrelation (0.27; p = 0.001). Conclusion: Suicide rates in adolescents significantly increased over the 20-year study period; the spatial analysis indicates the presence of high occurrence clusters in the Amazon and Southern Highlands regions of the country. This growing phenomenon may be a reflection of the lack of policies and strategies focused on the adolescent’s mental health at a national level, added to factors such as family dysfunction, school failure, vulnerable ethnic groups, and immigration patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Núñez-González
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito, 170129, Ecuador
| | - A Gabriela Lara-Vinueza
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito, 170129, Ecuador
| | - Christopher Gault
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito, 170129, Ecuador
| | - J Andrés Delgado-Ron
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito, 170129, Ecuador
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31
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Van der Kooij IW, Chotoe-Sanchit RK, Moerman G, Lindauer RJL, Roopnarine JR, Graafsma TLG. Perceptions of Adolescents and Caregivers of Corporal Punishment: A Qualitative Study Among Indo-Caribbean in Suriname. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2018; 33:686-707. [PMID: 30567768 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-16-00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While the protection of children from all forms of violence is a fundamental right guaranteed by the Convention on the Rights of the Child, violence remains a part of life for children around the globe. Corporal punishment is a form of violence and a dominant practice as a method of corrective parenting in the Caribbean. While researchers are starting to ask children directly about their experiences of violence, there is limited research on children's perspectives of the function, legality, and boundaries of corporal punishment, particularly in low-and middle-income countries. This study begins to address this gap by reporting on 12 focus groups that were conducted with adolescents (aged 12 to 18 years) and caregivers of Indo-Caribbean background in Suriname. The aim is to explore adolescents' and caregivers' shared perspectives about the prevalence of corporal punishment in Suriname, responses to and feelings about its use as a discipline strategy and perspectives of the rationales for and against corporal punishment, and their views on banning it. Analyses were done using ATLAS.ti version 1.0.50, a qualitative data package. Corporal punishment showed to be an everyday experience in children's lives in Suriname. There was no clear consensus regarding adolescents' and caregivers' perspectives on the parental use of corporal punishment. Many participants hesitated to support efforts to prohibit corporal punishment legally. Messages arising from this study could usefully inform the development of a public information campaign on safe and effective discipline of children in Suriname.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ramón J L Lindauer
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- De Bascule Academic Center Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaipaul R Roopnarine
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
- University of the West Indies, Family Development & Children's Research Centre, Trinidad, Tobago
| | - Tobi L G Graafsma
- Anton de Kom University, Paramaribo, Suriname
- De Bascule Academic Center Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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32
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Roh BR, Jung EH, Hong HJ. A Comparative Study of Suicide Rates among 10-19-Year-Olds in 29 OECD Countries. Psychiatry Investig 2018; 15:376-383. [PMID: 29486551 PMCID: PMC5912485 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2017.08.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study had two main objectives: to compare current suicide rates in OECD countries among 10-19-year-olds and to identify patterns of suicide rates based on age, gender and time. Furthermore we investigated the main dimensions that contributed to the variation in child and adolescent suicide rates across countries. METHODS We combined the WHO mortality data and the population data released by OECD to calculate the suicide rates in 29 OECD countries. A self-organizing map (SOM), k-means clustering analysis, and multi-dimensional scaling were used to classify countries based on similarities in suicide rate structure and to identify the important dimensions accounting for differences among groups. RESULTS We identified significant differences in suicide rates depending on age, sex, country, and time period. Late adolescence and male gender were universal risk factors for suicide, and we observed a general trend of declining suicide rates in OECD countries. The SOM analysis yielded eight types of countries. Most countries showed gender gaps in suicide rates of similar magnitudes; however, there were outliers in which the gender gap was particularly large or small. CONCLUSION Significant variation exists with respect to suicide rates and their associated gender gaps in OECD countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beop-Rae Roh
- Hallym University Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Jung
- Mental Health and Communal Society Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Hong
- Hallym University Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Anyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
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33
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Romero-Pimentel AL, Mendoza-Morales RC, Fresan A, Garcia-Dolores F, Gonzalez-Saenz EE, Morales-Marin ME, Nicolini H, Borges G. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Completed Suicides in Mexico City 2014-2015. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:402. [PMID: 30245640 PMCID: PMC6137233 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To analyze sex differences in demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals who died by suicide in Mexico City. Method: Statistical analysis of residents of Mexico City whose cause of death was suicide, during two years period from January 2014 to December 2015, with a coroner's report. Suicide mortality rates were calculated by age, sex, and location within the city. The Chi-squared test was used to assess statistical differences. Results: From January 2014 to December 2015, 990 residents of Mexico City died by suicide (men: 78.28%, women: 21.72%). Among males, the highest mortality rates were among the groups of 20-24 and 75-79 years old, whereas in women, the group with the highest mortality rate was 15 to 19 years old. 74% of the sample used hanging as suicide method. However, men had higher rates of a positive result in the toxicology test (40%) (p < 0.05). There was no concordance between male and female suicide by city jurisdictions. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence that the characteristics of Mexico City's residents who committed suicide had significant sex-related differences, including where they used to live. Understanding the contributory factors associated with completed suicide is essential for the development of effective preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Romero-Pimentel
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Ana Fresan
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Fernando Garcia-Dolores
- Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la CDMX, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Guilherme Borges
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Suicide in adolescents: findings from the Swiss National cohort. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 27:47-56. [PMID: 28664290 PMCID: PMC5799333 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-1019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Suicide in adolescents is the second most common cause of death in this age group and an important public health problem. We examined sociodemographic factors associated with suicide in Swiss adolescents and analysed time trends in youth suicide in the Swiss National Cohort (SNC). The SNC is a longitudinal study of the whole Swiss resident population, based on linkage of census and mortality records. We identified suicides in adolescents aged 10-18 years from 1991 to 2013. A total of 2.396 million adolescents were included and 592 suicides were recorded, corresponding to a rate of 3.7 per 100,000 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.4-4.0]. Rates increased with age from 0.0 per 100,000 at age 10 years to 14.8 per 100,000 (95% CI 12.6-17.5) at 18 years in boys, and from 0.0 to 5.4 per 100,000 (4.1-7.2) in girls. Being a boy, living in a single parent household, being an only or middle-born child, and living in rural regions were factors associated with a higher rate of suicide. Hanging was the most common method in boys, and railway suicides were most frequent in girls. There was no clear evidence for an increase or decrease over calendar time. We conclude that familial and socioeconomic factors including type of household, birth order and urbanity are associated with youth suicide in Switzerland. These factors should be considered when designing prevention programmes for youth suicide.
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Ross V, Kõlves K, De Leo D. Teachers' Perspectives on Preventing Suicide in Children and Adolescents in Schools: A Qualitative Study. Arch Suicide Res 2017; 21:519-530. [PMID: 27578394 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2016.1227005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Given the important role teachers play as gatekeepers in school suicide prevention, this study explored teachers' perspectives on what should be done to improve current suicide prevention efforts. The study, in Queensland, Australia, was part of a large-scale survey examining teachers' knowledge, attitudes and experience of suicidality. One hundred and fifteen teachers responded to an online survey question regarding their views on the requirements for school suicide prevention. Qualitative analysis identified five themes from teachers' responses: awareness and stigma reduction, support services for students, education and training, bullying and the role of social media. The results of this study provide some profound insights into teachers' perspectives on suicide and highlight the critical need for improved suicide prevention efforts in schools.
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36
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Suicide in Illinois, 2005-2010: A reflection of patterns and risks by age groups and opportunities for targeted prevention. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2017; 81:S30-5. [PMID: 27244579 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide accounts for two thirds of all deaths from intentional or violence-related injury and is a leading cause of death in the United States. Patterns of suicide have been well described among high-risk groups, but few studies have compared the circumstances related to suicides across all age groups. We sought to understand the epidemiology of suicide cases in Illinois and to characterize the risks and patterns for suicide among different age groups. METHODS We used suicide data collected from the Illinois Violent Death Reporting System to assess demographics, method of suicide, circumstances, and mental health status among different age groups. RESULTS Between 2005 and 2010, 3,016 suicides were reported; 692 (23%) were female, and the median age (n = 3,013) was 45 years (range, 10-98 years). The most common method/weapon types were hanging/strangulation (33%), firearm (32%) and poisoning (21%). Hanging was more common (74%) among young people aged 10 to 19 years, while firearm use was more common among elderly persons age 65 years and older (55%). The percentage of victims within an age group experiencing a crisis within two weeks before committing suicide was highest among 10- to 14-year-olds, while the risk factor of having a family member or friend die in the past 5 years was highest among older victims. CONCLUSION The final analysis demonstrated age-related trends in suicide in Illinois, suggesting prevention programs should tailor services by age. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiologic study, level IV.
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Kõlves K, de Leo D. Suicide methods in children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:155-164. [PMID: 27194156 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-016-0865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There are notable differences in suicide methods between countries. The aim of this paper is to analyse and describe suicide methods in children and adolescents aged 10-19 years in different countries/territories worldwide. Suicide data by ICD-10 X codes were obtained from the WHO Mortality Database and population data from the World Bank. In total, 101 countries or territories, have data at least for 5 years in 2000-2009. Cluster analysis by suicide methods was performed for countries/territories with at least 10 suicide cases separately by gender (74 for males and 71 for females) in 2000-2009. The most frequent suicide method was hanging, followed by poisoning by pesticides for females and firearms for males. Cluster analyses of similarities in the country/territory level suicide method patterns by gender identified four clusters for both gender. Hanging and poisoning by pesticides defined the clusters of countries/territories by their suicide patterns in youth for both genders. In addition, a mixed method and a jumping from height cluster were identified for females and two mixed method clusters for males. A number of geographical similarities were observed. Overall, the patterns of suicide methods in children and adolescents reflect lethality, availability and acceptability of suicide means similarly to country specific patterns of all ages. Means restriction has very good potential in preventing youth suicides in different countries. It is also crucial to consider cognitive availability influenced by sensationalised media reporting and/or provision of technical details about specific methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairi Kõlves
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, National Centre of Excellence in Suicide Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus, Level 1, Building M24 Psychology, 176 Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, QLD, 4122, Australia.
| | - Diego de Leo
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, National Centre of Excellence in Suicide Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus, Level 1, Building M24 Psychology, 176 Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, QLD, 4122, Australia
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The impact of a student's suicide: Teachers' perspectives. J Affect Disord 2017; 207:276-281. [PMID: 27736739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of suicide of adolescents is devastating, yet little is known about the distressing impact for teachers. The aim of this study therefore is to explore the impact student suicide on teachers' personal and professional lives. METHODS A cross-sectional anonymous online survey of primary and secondary school teachers was conducted in Australia. The Impact of Event Scale - Revised, questions about personal and professional impact, help seeking, perceived needs and experiences after student's suicide were included in the analysis. RESULTS In total, 229 teachers commenced the questionnaire, with 138 (60.3%) completing the full questionnaire. Questions about exposure to students' suicide were completed by 145 teachers (63.3%). In total, 35.9% (n=52) were exposed to at least the suicide of one student (two or more: 54.8%). The most recent suicide of a student had (some or great) impact on the personal life of 76% of teachers and on the professional life of 85.7%. Impact on personal life was significantly higher for female teachers. The most frequent source for help seeking was family or partner (65.3%); use of professional help was also reported, with the school counsellor being the most frequent (30.6%). Following the most recent suicide of a student, 27.1% of teachers exposed to suicide felt that they needed more support. LIMITATIONS The potential for selection bias through the use of an online survey, and the relatively small sample. CONCLUSION The study showed high levels of distress among teachers after exposure to a student's suicide and greater need for help than that obtained.
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Kristoufek L, Moat HS, Preis T. Estimating suicide occurrence statistics using Google Trends. EPJ DATA SCIENCE 2016; 5:32. [PMID: 32355600 PMCID: PMC7175644 DOI: 10.1140/epjds/s13688-016-0094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Data on the number of people who have committed suicide tends to be reported with a substantial time lag of around two years. We examine whether online activity measured by Google searches can help us improve estimates of the number of suicide occurrences in England before official figures are released. Specifically, we analyse how data on the number of Google searches for the terms 'depression' and 'suicide' relate to the number of suicides between 2004 and 2013. We find that estimates drawing on Google data are significantly better than estimates using previous suicide data alone. We show that a greater number of searches for the term 'depression' is related to fewer suicides, whereas a greater number of searches for the term 'suicide' is related to more suicides. Data on suicide related search behaviour can be used to improve current estimates of the number of suicide occurrences. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL The online version of this article (doi:10.1140/epjds/s13688-016-0094-0) contains supplementary material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Kristoufek
- Data Science Lab, Behavioural Science, Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
- Institute of Economic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Opletalova 26, Prague, 110 00 Czech Republic
| | - Helen Susannah Moat
- Data Science Lab, Behavioural Science, Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Tobias Preis
- Data Science Lab, Behavioural Science, Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
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Redmore J, Kipping R, Trickey A, May MT, Gunnell D. Analysis of trends in adolescent suicides and accidental deaths in England and Wales, 1972-2011. Br J Psychiatry 2016; 209:327-333. [PMID: 27284083 PMCID: PMC5046738 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.162347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous analyses of adolescent suicides in England and Wales have focused on short time periods. AIMS To investigate trends in suicide and accidental deaths in adolescents between 1972 and 2011. METHOD Time trend analysis of rates of suicides and deaths from accidental poisoning and hanging in 10- to 19-year-olds by age, gender and deprivation. Rate ratios were estimated for 1982-1991, 1992-2001 and 2002-2011 with 1972-1981 as comparator. RESULTS Suicide rates have remained stable in 10- to 14-year-olds, with strong evidence for a reduction in accidental deaths. In males aged 15-19, suicide rates peaked in 2001 before declining. Suicide by hanging is the most common method of suicide. Rates were higher in males and in 15- to 19-year-olds living in more deprived areas. CONCLUSIONS Suicide rates in adolescents are at their lowest since the early 1970s with no clear evidence that changes in coroners' practices underlie this trend.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Kipping
- James Redmore, BSc, MPH, Ruth Kipping, MA(Cantab), MSc, MA(Lond), PhD, FFPH, Adam Trickey, BSc, MSc, Margaret T. May, MA(Cantab), MSc, PhD, David Gunnell, MB ChB, PhD, FFPH, MRCGP, MFPHM, DSc, FMedSci, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Zubrick SR, Hafekost J, Johnson SE, Lawrence D, Saw S, Sawyer M, Ainley J, Buckingham WJ. Suicidal behaviours: Prevalence estimates from the second Australian Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2016; 50:899-910. [PMID: 26764371 DOI: 10.1177/0004867415622563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To (1) estimate the lifetime and 12-month prevalence of suicidal behaviours in Australian young people aged 12-17 years, (2) describe their co-morbidity with mental illness and (3) describe the co-variation of these estimates with social and demographic variables. METHOD A national random sample of children aged 4-17 years was recruited in 2013-2014. The response rate to the survey was 55% with 6310 parents and carers of eligible households participating. In addition, of the 2967 young people aged 11-17 years in these households, 89% (2653) of the 12- to 17-year-olds completed a self-report questionnaire that included questions about suicidal behaviour. RESULTS In any 12-month period, about 2.4% or 41,400 young people would have made a suicide attempt. About 7.5% of 12- to 17-year-olds report having suicidal ideation, 5.2% making a plan and less than 1% (0.6%) receiving medical treatment for an attempt. The presence of a mental disorder shows the largest significant association with lifetime and 12-month suicidal behaviour, along with age, gender, sole parent family status and poor family functioning. Of young people with a major depressive disorder, 19.7% reported making a suicide attempt within the previous 12 months. There are also significant elevations in the proportions of young people reporting suicidal behaviour who have anxiety and conduct disorders. CONCLUSION Mental disorders should be a leading intervention point for suicide prevention both in the primary health sector and in the mental health sector specifically. The associations examined here also suggest that efforts to assist sole parent and/or dysfunctional families would be worthy areas in which to target these efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Zubrick
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA Australia
| | - Jennifer Hafekost
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA Australia
| | - Sarah E Johnson
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA Australia
| | - David Lawrence
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA Australia
| | - Suzy Saw
- Health Data Analysis Pty Ltd, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Michael Sawyer
- The Discipline of Paediatrics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John Ainley
- Australian Council for Educational Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Rodway C, Tham SG, Ibrahim S, Turnbull P, Windfuhr K, Shaw J, Kapur N, Appleby L. Suicide in children and young people in England: a consecutive case series. Lancet Psychiatry 2016; 3:751-759. [PMID: 27236279 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is concern about the mental health of children and young people and a possible rise in suicidal behaviour in this group. We have done a comprehensive national multi-agency study of suicide in under 20s in England. We aimed to establish how frequently suicide is preceded by child-specific and young person-specific suicide risk factors, as well as all-age factors, and to identify contact with health-care and social-care services and justice agencies. METHODS This study is a descriptive examination of suicide in a national consecutive sample of children and young people younger than 20 years who died by suicide in England between Jan 1, 2014, and April 30, 2015. We obtained general population mortality data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS). We collected information about antecedents considered to be relevant to suicide (eg, abuse, bullying, bereavement, academic pressures, self-harm, and physical health) from a range of investigations and inquiries, including coroner inquest hearings, child death investigations, criminal justice system reports, and the National Health Service, including data on people in contact with mental health services in the 12 months before their death. FINDINGS 145 suicides in people younger than 20 years were notified to us during the study period, of which we were able to obtain report data about antecedents for 130 (90%). The number of suicides rose sharply during the late teens with 79 deaths by suicide in people aged 18-19 years compared with 66 in people younger than 18 years. 102 (70%) deaths were in males. 92 (63%) deaths were by hanging. Various antecedents were reported among the individuals for whom we had report data, including academic (especially exam) pressures (35 [27%] individuals), bullying (28 [22%]), bereavement (36 [28%]), suicide in family or friends (17 [13%]), physical health conditions (47 [36%]), family problems (44 [34%]), social isolation or withdrawal (33 [25%]), child abuse or neglect (20 [15%]), excessive drinking (34 [26%]), and illicit drug use (38 [29%]). Suicide-related internet use was recorded in 30 (23%) cases. In the week before death 13 (10%) individuals had self-harmed and 35 (27%) had expressed suicidal ideas. 56 (43%) individuals had no known contact with health-care and social-care services or justice agencies. INTERPRETATION Improved services for self-harm and mental health are crucial to suicide prevention, but the wide range of antecedents emphasises the roles of schools, primary care, social services, and the youth justice system. FUNDING The Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn Rodway
- National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness, Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Jean McFarlane Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Su-Gwan Tham
- National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness, Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Jean McFarlane Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Saied Ibrahim
- National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness, Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Jean McFarlane Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Pauline Turnbull
- National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness, Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Jean McFarlane Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kirsten Windfuhr
- National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness, Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Jean McFarlane Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jenny Shaw
- National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness, Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Jean McFarlane Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nav Kapur
- National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness, Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Jean McFarlane Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Louis Appleby
- National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness, Centre for Mental Health and Safety, Jean McFarlane Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Gontijo Guerra S, Vasiliadis HM. Gender Differences in Youth Suicide and Healthcare Service Use. CRISIS 2016; 37:290-298. [PMID: 27245811 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare service use among suicide decedents must be well characterized and understood since a key strategy for preventing suicide is to improve healthcare providers' ability to effectively detect and treat those in need. AIMS To determine gender differences in healthcare service use 12 months prior to suicide. METHOD Data for 1,231 young Quebec residents (≤ 25 years) who died by suicide between 2000 and 2007 were collected from public health insurance agency databases and coroner registers. Healthcare visits were categorized according to the setting (emergency department [ED], outpatient, and hospital) and their nature (mental health vs. non-mental health). RESULTS Girls were more likely than boys (82.5% vs. 74.9%, p = .011) to have used healthcare services in the year prior to death. A higher proportion of girls had used outpatient services (79.0% vs. 69.5%, p = .003), had been hospitalized (25.7% vs. 15.6%, p < .001) and had received a mental health-related diagnosis (46.7% vs. 33.1%, p < .001). However, no gender differences were observed in ED visits (59.5% vs. 54.5%, p = .150). CONCLUSION There is an important proportion of suicide decedents who did not receive a mental health diagnosis and healthcare services in the year prior to death. Future studies should focus on examining gender-specific individual and health system barriers among suicide decedents as well as the quality of care offered regarding detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Gontijo Guerra
- 1 Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the University of Sherbrooke, Charles Le Moyne Hospital Research Center, Longueuil, QC, Canada
| | - Helen-Maria Vasiliadis
- 1 Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the University of Sherbrooke, Charles Le Moyne Hospital Research Center, Longueuil, QC, Canada
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Adolescent Suicide Rates Between 1990 and 2009: Analysis of Age Group 15-19 Years Worldwide. J Adolesc Health 2016; 58:69-77. [PMID: 26559741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the current analysis is to analyze suicide rates in adolescents aged 15-19 years in decades between 1990 and 2009 worldwide. METHODS Suicide data were obtained from the World Health Organization Mortality Database and population data from the World Bank Data set. In total, 81 countries or territories, having data at least for 5 years in 1990-1999 and in 2000-2009, were included in the analysis. Additional analysis for regional trends with 57 countries was performed. RESULTS Over the decades considered, analysis showed a declining trend in the overall suicide rate for males from 10.30 to 9.51 per 100,000 (p = .076), and for females from 4.39 to 4.18 (p = .472). The average suicide rate showed a significant decline for both genders in Europe, dropping from 13.13 to 10.93 (p = .001) in males and from 3.88 to 3.34 in females (p = .038). There was a significant increase in South American countries for males, from 7.36 to 11.47 (p = .016), and a close to significant rise for females, from 5.59 to 7.98 (p = .053). Although other world regions did not show significant trends, there were several significant changes at country level. CONCLUSIONS Reasons behind the decrease in Western countries could potentially be related to the overall improvements in global health; the possible contribution of suicide prevention activities remains unclear. Increases in several South American countries might be related to economic recession and its impact on adolescents from diverse cultural backgrounds, and partly also to improvements in mortality registration.
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