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Yu Cai Lim M, Kiat Ho H. Pharmacological modulation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) as a therapeutic strategy for hypercholesterolemia. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:115985. [PMID: 38154545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite the availability of many therapeutic options, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia remains high. There exists a significant unmet medical need for novel drugs and/or treatment combinations to effectively combat hypercholesterolemia while minimizing adverse reactions. The modulation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) expression via perturbation of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) - dependent pathways, primarily FXR/small heterodimer partner (SHP) and FXR/ fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19/ fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-4 pathways, presents as a potential option to lower cholesterol levels. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the important role that CYP7A1 plays in cholesterol homeostasis and how its expression can be exploited to assert differential control of bile acid synthesis and cholesterol metabolism. Additionally, the paper also summarizes the current therapeutic options for hypercholesterolemia, and positions modulators of CYP7A1 expression, namely FGFR4 inhibitors and FXR antagonists, as emerging and distinct pharmacological agents to complement and diversify the treatment regime. Their mechanistic and clinical considerations are also extensively described to interrogate the benefits and risks associated with using FXR-mediating agents, either singularly or in combination with recognised agents such as statins to target hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Yu Cai Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Han Kiat Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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2
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Jackson KD, Achour B, Lee J, Geffert RM, Beers JL, Latham BD. Novel Approaches to Characterize Individual Drug Metabolism and Advance Precision Medicine. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1238-1253. [PMID: 37419681 PMCID: PMC10506699 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Interindividual variability in drug metabolism can significantly affect drug concentrations in the body and subsequent drug response. Understanding an individual's drug metabolism capacity is important for predicting drug exposure and developing precision medicine strategies. The goal of precision medicine is to individualize drug treatment for patients to maximize efficacy and minimize drug toxicity. While advances in pharmacogenomics have improved our understanding of how genetic variations in drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) affect drug response, nongenetic factors are also known to influence drug metabolism phenotypes. This minireview discusses approaches beyond pharmacogenetic testing to phenotype DMEs-particularly the cytochrome P450 enzymes-in clinical settings. Several phenotyping approaches have been proposed: traditional approaches include phenotyping with exogenous probe substrates and the use of endogenous biomarkers; newer approaches include evaluating circulating noncoding RNAs and liquid biopsy-derived markers relevant to DME expression and function. The goals of this minireview are to 1) provide a high-level overview of traditional and novel approaches to phenotype individual drug metabolism capacity, 2) describe how these approaches are being applied or can be applied to pharmacokinetic studies, and 3) discuss perspectives on future opportunities to advance precision medicine in diverse populations. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This minireview provides an overview of recent advances in approaches to characterize individual drug metabolism phenotypes in clinical settings. It highlights the integration of existing pharmacokinetic biomarkers with novel approaches; also discussed are current challenges and existing knowledge gaps. The article concludes with perspectives on the future deployment of a liquid biopsy-informed physiologically based pharmacokinetic strategy for patient characterization and precision dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klarissa D Jackson
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (K.D.J., J.L., R.M.G., J.L.B., B.D.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (B.A.)
| | - Brahim Achour
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (K.D.J., J.L., R.M.G., J.L.B., B.D.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (B.A.)
| | - Jonghwa Lee
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (K.D.J., J.L., R.M.G., J.L.B., B.D.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (B.A.)
| | - Raeanne M Geffert
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (K.D.J., J.L., R.M.G., J.L.B., B.D.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (B.A.)
| | - Jessica L Beers
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (K.D.J., J.L., R.M.G., J.L.B., B.D.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (B.A.)
| | - Bethany D Latham
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (K.D.J., J.L., R.M.G., J.L.B., B.D.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (B.A.)
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Mirzaei R, Karampoor S, Korotkova NL. The emerging role of miRNA-122 in infectious diseases: Mechanisms and potential biomarkers. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154725. [PMID: 37544130 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that play crucial regulatory roles in numerous cellular processes. Recent investigations have highlighted the significant involvement of miRNA-122 (miR-122) in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases caused by diverse pathogens, encompassing viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. In the context of viral infections, miR-122 exerts regulatory control over viral replication by binding to the viral genome and modulating the host's antiviral response. For instance, in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, miR-122 restricts viral replication, while HBV, in turn, suppresses miR-122 expression. Conversely, miR-122 interacts with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome, facilitating viral replication. Regarding bacterial infections, miR-122 has been found to regulate host immune responses by influencing inflammatory cytokine production and phagocytosis. In Vibrio anguillarum infections, there is a significant reduction in miR-122 expression, contributing to the pathophysiology of bacterial infections. Toll-like receptor 14 (TLR14) has been identified as a novel target gene of miR-122, affecting inflammatory and immune responses. In the context of parasitic infections, miR-122 plays a crucial role in regulating host lipid metabolism and immune responses. For example, during Leishmania infection, miR-122-containing extracellular vesicles from liver cells are unable to enter infected macrophages, leading to a suppression of the inflammatory response. Furthermore, miR-122 exhibits promise as a potential biomarker for various infectious diseases. Its expression level in body fluids, particularly in serum and plasma, correlates with disease severity and treatment response in patients affected by HCV, HBV, and tuberculosis. This paper also discusses the potential of miR-122 as a biomarker in infectious diseases. In summary, this review provides a comprehensive and insightful overview of the emerging role of miR-122 in infectious diseases, detailing its mechanism of action and potential implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nadezhda Lenoktovna Korotkova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Privolzhsky Research Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBEI HE PRMU MOH Russia), Russia
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Chiang JL. My lifelong dedication to bile acid research. J Biol Chem 2023:103070. [PMID: 36842499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
It is a great honor to be invited to write a reflection of my lifelong bile acid research for the Journal of Biological Chemistry, the premier biochemistry journal in which I am proud to have published 24 manuscripts. I published 21 manuscripts in the Journal of Lipid Research, also a journal of American Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. I started my reflection from my early education in Taiwan, my coming to America for graduate study, my postdoctoral training in cytochrome P450 research, and my lifelong bile acid research career at the not so "visible" Northeast Ohio Medical University. I have witnesses and help to transform this sleepy rural medical school to a well-funded powerhouse in liver research. Writing this reflection of my long, exciting, and rewarding journey in bile acid research brought back many good memories. I am proud of my scientific contribution. I attribute my lifelong academic success to working hard, perseverance, good mentoring, and networking. I hope that this reflection of my academic career may provide guidance to younger investigators who are pursuing academic teaching and research and might inspire the next generation of researchers in biochemistry and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- JohnY L Chiang
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272.
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Das O, Kundu J, Ghosh A, Gautam A, Ghosh S, Chakraborty M, Masid A, Gauri SS, Mitra D, Dutta M, Mukherjee B, Sinha S, Bhaumik M. AUF-1 knockdown in mice undermines gut microbial butyrate-driven hypocholesterolemia through AUF-1-Dicer-1-mir-122 hierarchy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1011386. [PMID: 36601302 PMCID: PMC9806232 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1011386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and objective Cholesterol homeostasis is a culmination of cellular synthesis, efflux, and catabolism to important physiological entities where short chain fatty acid, butyrate embodied as a key player. This discourse probes the mechanistic molecular details of butyrate action in maintaining host-cholesterol balance. Methods Hepatic mir-122 being the most indispensable regulator of cholesterol metabolic enzymes, we studied upstream players of mir-122 biogenesis in the presence and absence of butyrate in Huh7 cells and mice model. We synthesized unique self-transfecting GMO (guanidinium-morpholino-oligo) linked PMO (Phosphorodiamidate-Morpholino Oligo)-based antisense cell-penetrating reagent to selectively knock down the key player in butyrate mediated cholesterol regulation. Results We showed that butyrate treatment caused upregulation of RNA-binding protein, AUF1 resulting in RNase-III nuclease, Dicer1 instability, and significant diminution of mir-122. We proved the importance of AUF1 and sequential downstream players in AUF1-knock-down mice. Injection of GMO-PMO of AUF1 in mouse caused near absence of AUF1 coupled with increased Dicer1 and mir-122, and reduced serum cholesterol regardless of butyrate treatment indicating that butyrate acts through AUF1. Conclusion The roster of intracellular players was as follows: AUF1-Dicer1-mir-122 for triggering butyrate driven hypocholesterolemia. To our knowledge this is the first report linking AUF-1 with cholesterol biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oishika Das
- Department of Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Jayanta Kundu
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Associations for Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Atanu Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Associations for Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Anupam Gautam
- Department of Algorithms in Bioinformatics, Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,International Max Planck Research School “From Molecules to Organisms”, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,Cluster of Excellence: EXC 2124: Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Souradeepa Ghosh
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Mainak Chakraborty
- Department of Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Aaheli Masid
- Department of Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Samiran Sona Gauri
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Debmalya Mitra
- Department of Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Department of Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Budhaditya Mukherjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Surajit Sinha
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Associations for Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Moumita Bhaumik
- Department of Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India,*Correspondence: Moumita Bhaumik,
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Wen Y, Sun Z, Xie S, Hu Z, Lan Q, Sun Y, Yuan L, Zhai C. Intestinal Flora Derived Metabolites Affect the Occurrence and Development of Cardiovascular Disease. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:2591-2603. [PMID: 36388628 PMCID: PMC9656419 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s367591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that the gut microbiota and their metabolites play a pivotal role in human health and diseases, especially the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Intestinal flora imbalance (changes in the composition and function of intestinal flora) accelerates the progression of CVDs. The intestinal flora breaks down the food ingested by the host into a series of metabolically active products, including trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), primary and secondary bile acids, tryptophan and indole derivatives, phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln) and branched chain amino acids (BCAA). These metabolites participate in the occurrence and development of CVDs via abnormally activating these signaling pathways more swiftly when the gut barrier integrity is broken down. This review focuses on the production and metabolism of TMAO and SCFAs. At the same time, we summarize the roles of intestinal flora metabolites in the occurrence and development of coronary heart disease and hypertension, pulmonary hypertension and other CVDs. The theories of "gut-lung axis" and "gut-heart axis" are provided, aiming to explore the potential targets for the treatment of CVDs based on the roles of the intestinal flora in the CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Wen
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zefan Sun
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuoyin Xie
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Hu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qicheng Lan
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yupeng Sun
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linbo Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changlin Zhai
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China
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Dong X, Zhu S, Liu J, Dong Z, Guan F, Xu A, Zhao J, Ge J. Ameliorating mechanism of nuciferine on high-fat diet-induced dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis by regulating intestinal absorption and serum extracellular vesicles in rats. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Kim WR, Park EG, Lee HE, Park SJ, Huh JW, Kim JN, Kim HS. Hsa-miR-422a Originated from Short Interspersed Nuclear Element Increases ARID5B Expression by Collaborating with NF-E2. Mol Cells 2022; 45:465-478. [PMID: 35444070 PMCID: PMC9260135 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of target messenger RNA (mRNA) complementary to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) at the post-transcriptional level. Hsa-miR-422a, which is commonly known as miRNA derived from transposable element (MDTE), was derived from short interspersed nuclear element (SINE). Through expression analysis, hsa-miR-422a was found to be highly expressed in both the small intestine and liver of crab-eating monkey. AT-Rich Interaction Domain 5 B (ARID5B) was selected as the target gene of hsa-miR-422a, which has two binding sites in both the exon and 3'UTR of ARID5B. To identify the interaction between hsa-miR-422a and ARID5B, a dual luciferase assay was conducted in HepG2 cell line. The luciferase activity of cells treated with the hsa-miR-422a mimic was upregulated and inversely downregulated when both the hsa-miR-422a mimic and inhibitor were administered. Nuclear factor erythroid-2 (NF-E2) was selected as the core transcription factor (TF) via feed forward loop analysis. The luciferase expression was downregulated when both the hsa-miR-422a mimic and siRNA of NF-E2 were treated, compared to the treatment of the hsa-miR-422a mimic alone. The present study suggests that hsa-miR-422a derived from SINE could bind to the exon region as well as the 3'UTR of ARID5B. Additionally, hsa-miR-422a was found to share binding sites in ARID5Bwith several TFs, including NF-E2. The hsa-miR-422a might thus interact with TF to regulate the expression of ARID5B, as demonstrated experimentally. Altogether, hsa-miR-422a acts as a super enhancer miRNA of ARID5Bby collaborating with TF and NF-E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Ryung Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Eun Gyung Park
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hee-Eun Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28199, Korea
| | - Sang-Je Park
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28199, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Huh
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28199, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jeong Nam Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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Saiyed AN, Vasavada AR, Johar SRK. Recent trends in miRNA therapeutics and the application of plant miRNA for prevention and treatment of human diseases. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022; 8:24. [PMID: 35382490 PMCID: PMC8972743 DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Researchers now have a new avenue to investigate when it comes to miRNA-based therapeutics. miRNAs have the potential to be valuable biomarkers for disease detection. Variations in miRNA levels may be able to predict changes in normal physiological processes. At the epigenetic level, miRNA has been identified as a promising candidate for distinguishing and treating various diseases and defects. Main body In recent pharmacology, plants miRNA-based drugs have demonstrated a potential role in drug therapeutics. The purpose of this review paper is to discuss miRNA-based therapeutics, the role of miRNA in pharmacoepigenetics modulations, plant miRNA inter-kingdom regulation, and the therapeutic value and application of plant miRNA for cross-kingdom approaches. Target prediction and complementarity with host genes, as well as cross-kingdom gene interactions with plant miRNAs, are also revealed by bioinformatics research. We also show how plant miRNA can be transmitted from one species to another by crossing kingdom boundaries in this review. Despite several unidentified barriers to plant miRNA cross-transfer, plant miRNA-based gene regulation in trans-kingdom gene regulation may soon be valued as a possible approach in plant-based drug therapeutics. Conclusion This review summarised the biochemical synthesis of miRNAs, pharmacoepigenetics, drug therapeutics and miRNA transkingdom transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiyabanu N. Saiyed
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
- Ph.D. scholar of Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Abhay R. Vasavada
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
| | - S. R. Kaid Johar
- Department of Zoology, BMTC, Human Genetics, USSC, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
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Enge AM, Sprenger H, Braeuning A, Hessel-Pras S. Identification of microRNAs Implicated in Modulating Senecionine-Induced Liver Toxicity in HepaRG Cells. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040532. [PMID: 35206009 PMCID: PMC8871147 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
1,2-unsaturated Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PAs) are secondary plant metabolites that occur as food contaminants. Upon consumption, they can cause severe liver damage. PAs have been shown to induce apoptosis, to have cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, and to impair bile acid homeostasis in the human hepatoma cell line HepaRG. The major mode of action of PAs is DNA- and protein-adduct formation. Beyond that, nuclear receptor activation has only been observed for one receptor and two PAs, yielding the possibility that other cellular mediators are involved in PA-mediated toxicity. Here, the mode of action of Senecionine (Sc), a prominent and ubiquitous representative of hepatotoxic PAs, was investigated by analyzing 7 hepatic microRNAs (miRNAs) in HepaRG cells. Ultimately, 11 target genes that were predicted with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software (IPA) were found to be significantly downregulated, while their assigned miRNAs showed significant upregulation of gene expression. According to IPA, these targets are positively correlated with apoptosis and cellular death and are involved in diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma. Subsequent antagomiR-inhibition analysis revealed a significant correlation between PA-induced miRNA-4434 induction and P21-Activated Kinase-1 (PAK1) downregulation. PAK1 downregulation is usually associated with cell cycle arrest, suggesting a new function of Sc-mediated toxicity in human liver cells.
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Yu H, Liu C, Wang J, Han J, Zhang F, Zhou X, Wen Y, Shen T. miRNA and miRNA target genes in intervention effect of Zhuyu pill on cholestatic rat model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114709. [PMID: 34626777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zhuyu pill (ZYP), an effective prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, is composed of Coptis chinensis Franch. and Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Jussieu) T. G. Hartley and has shown potential anticholestatic effects. However, its mechanism of action in treating cholestasis remains unclear. Since post-transcriptional control of mRNA by micro-RNAs (miRNAs) represents an important mechanism of gene regulation, it is promising to explore this in relation to ZYP and cholestasis. AIM OF THE STUDY To confirm the anticholestatic effect of ZYP and to explore its potential biological mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, a cholestasis rat model was induced by α-naphthyl-isothiocyanate (ANIT, 50 mg/kg) and treated with ZYP (low dose: 0.6 g/kg, high dose: 1.2 g/kg). Serum biochemistry indices and liver histopathology were used to evaluate the model and efficacy, and miRNA sequencing was used to measure differences in miRNA expression in the liver between the control, model, low-dose ZYP, and high-dose ZYP groups. To verify the accuracy of sequencing results and explore the potential anti-cholestasis mechanism of ZYP, RT-PCR was used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes. RESULTS Both high- and low-dose ZYP exhibited significant anticholestatic effects, with the high-dose showing better effects than low-dose ZYP. Additionally, four differentially expressed miRNAs, rno-miR-147, rno-miR-20b-5p, rno-miR-29b-3p, and rno-miR-3586-3p, were found to be upregulated in cholestasis and downregulated after ZYP intervention. Eight target genes of the above miRNAs, including ABCG8, CLOCK, PLEC, SLC4A2, NEB, ADAMTS12, TTN and FAM174B were inhibited in cholestatic rats, exhibiting up-regulated expression tendencies after ZYP intervention, and the expression tendencies were significant negatively correlated with serum biochemical indices. CONCLUSIONS ZYP can significantly reduce liver biochemical indices and improve liver tissue damage in cholestasis rats through the regulation of miRNA expression in the liver, producing a positive regulatory effect on bile excretion-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianfei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, South of Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Han
- Department of Reader Service and Culture Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fenghua Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueqiang Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Tao Shen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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12
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Li H, Yu XH, Ou X, Ouyang XP, Tang CK. Hepatic cholesterol transport and its role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 83:101109. [PMID: 34097928 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a quickly emerging global health problem representing the most common chronic liver disease in the world. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease represents the leading cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. Cholesterol metabolism has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of both NAFLD and atherosclerosis. The liver is the major organ for cholesterol metabolism. Abnormal hepatic cholesterol metabolism not only leads to NAFLD but also drives the development of atherosclerotic dyslipidemia. The cholesterol level in hepatocytes reflects the dynamic balance between endogenous synthesis, uptake, esterification, and export, a process in which cholesterol is converted to neutral cholesteryl esters either for storage in cytosolic lipid droplets or for secretion as a major constituent of plasma lipoproteins, including very-low-density lipoproteins, chylomicrons, high-density lipoproteins, and low-density lipoproteins. In this review, we describe decades of research aimed at identifying key molecules and cellular players involved in each main aspect of hepatic cholesterol metabolism. Furthermore, we summarize the recent advances regarding the biological processes of hepatic cholesterol transport and its role in NAFLD and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 460106, China
| | - Xiang Ou
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China
| | - Xin-Ping Ouyang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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13
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Wu H, Chen C, Ziani S, Nelson LJ, Ávila MA, Nevzorova YA, Cubero FJ. Fibrotic Events in the Progression of Cholestatic Liver Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051107. [PMID: 34062960 PMCID: PMC8147992 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic liver diseases including primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are associated with active hepatic fibrogenesis, which can ultimately lead to the development of cirrhosis. However, the exact relationship between the development of liver fibrosis and the progression of cholestatic liver disease remains elusive. Periductular fibroblasts located around the bile ducts seem biologically different from hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The fibrotic events in these clinical conditions appear to be related to complex crosstalk between immune/inflammatory mechanisms, cytokine signalling, and perturbed homeostasis between cholangiocytes and mesenchymal cells. Several animal models including bile duct ligation (BDL) and the Mdr2-knockout mice have improved our understanding of mechanisms underlying chronic cholestasis. In the present review, we aim to elucidate the mechanisms of fibrosis in order to help to identify potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghang Wu
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (H.W.); (C.C.); (S.Z.); (Y.A.N.)
| | - Chaobo Chen
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (H.W.); (C.C.); (S.Z.); (Y.A.N.)
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Xishan People’s Hospital, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Siham Ziani
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (H.W.); (C.C.); (S.Z.); (Y.A.N.)
| | - Leonard J. Nelson
- Institute for Bioengineering (IBioE), School of Engineering, Faraday Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3 JL, Scotland, UK;
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering (IB3), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences (EPS), Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Matías A. Ávila
- Hepatology Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Yulia A. Nevzorova
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (H.W.); (C.C.); (S.Z.); (Y.A.N.)
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (H.W.); (C.C.); (S.Z.); (Y.A.N.)
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-394-1385; Fax: +34-91-394-1641
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14
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Qian C, Qiu W, Zhang J, Shen Z, Liu H, Zhang Y. The long non-coding RNA MEG3 plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstone. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10803. [PMID: 33665015 PMCID: PMC7908887 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholesterol gallstone (CG) is the most common gallstone disease, which is induced by biliary cholesterol supersaturation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the pathogenesis of CG. Methods Sixteen mice were equally and randomly divided into model group and normal control group. The model group was fed with lithogenic diets to induce CG, and then gallbladder bile lipid analysis was performed. After RNA-seq library was constructed, differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) and differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) between model group and normal control group were analyzed by DESeq2 package. Using the cluster Profiler package, enrichment analysis for the DE-mRNAs was carried out. Based on Cytoscape software, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network were built. Using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, the key RNAs were validated. Results The mouse model of CG was suc cessfully established, and then 181 DE-mRNAs and 33 DE-lncRNAs between model and normal groups were obtained. Moreover, KDM4A was selected as a hub node in the PPI network, and lncRNA MEG3 was considered as a key lncRNA in the regulatory network. Additionally, the miR-107-5p/miR-149-3p/miR-346-3-MEG3 regulatory pairs and MEG3-PABPC4/CEP131/NUMB1 co-expression pairs existed in the regulatory network. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that KDM4A expression was increased, and the expressions of MEG3, PABPC4, CEP131, and NUMB1 were downregulated. Conclusion These RNAs might be related to the pathogenesis of CG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Qian
- The Second Department of Biliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of General Surgery, South Campus, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, South Campus, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, South Campus, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, South Campus, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of General Surgery, South Campus, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- The Second Department of Biliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Chiang JY, Ferrell JM. Up to date on cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) in bile acid synthesis. LIVER RESEARCH 2020; 4:47-63. [PMID: 34290896 PMCID: PMC8291349 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1, EC1.14) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the classic bile acid synthesis pathway. Much progress has been made in understanding the transcriptional regulation of CYP7A1 gene expression and the underlying molecular mechanisms of bile acid feedback regulation of CYP7A1 and bile acid synthesis in the last three decades. Discovery of bile acid-activated receptors and their roles in the regulation of lipid, glucose and energy metabolism have been translated to the development of bile acid-based drug therapies for the treatment of liver-related metabolic diseases such as alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, liver cirrhosis, diabetes, obesity and hepatocellular carcinoma. This review will provide an update on the advances in our understanding of the molecular biology and mechanistic insights of the regulation of CYP7A1 in bile acid synthesis in the last 40 years.
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16
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Li G, Xiong H, Saeed K, Ma R, Xing Y, Bi Y, Li C, Huang J, Zhang Y. Comparative toxicity analysis of corannulene and benzo[a]pyrene in mice. Toxicol Lett 2020; 331:130-142. [PMID: 32417428 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Increasing production of corannulene (COR), a non-planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) with promising applications in many fields, has raised a concern about its potential toxic effects. However, no study has been undertaken to evaluate its metabolism and toxicity in mammals. In this study, the acute toxicities of COR in mice were compared with benzo[apyrene (BaP), a typical planar PAH with almost the same molecular weight. After 3-day exposures, the concentrations of COR in both plasma and tissues of mice were higher than that of BaP. However, blood chemistry and tissue weight monitoring showed no observable toxicities in COR-exposed mice. Compared to BaP, exposure to COR resulted in less activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and thus less induction of hepatic cytochrome P450 1A(CYP1A) enzymes, which play a critical role in metabolism of both COR and BaP. Additionally, COR also elicited less oxidative stress and microbiota alteration in the intestine than did BaP. RNA-seq analysis revealed that liver transcriptomes are responsive to COR and BaP, with less alterations observed in COR-exposed mice. Unlike BaP, exposure to COR had no effects on hepatic lipid and xenobiotic metabolism pathways. Nonetheless, COR appeared to alter the mRNA expressions of genes involved in carcinogenicity, oxidative stress, and immune-suppression. To conclude, this study for the first time unveils a comparative understanding of the acute toxic effects of COR to BaP in mice, and provides crucial insights into the future safety assessment of COR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gentao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Khawar Saeed
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ruicong Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yufeng Xing
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yajuan Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Caiyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jianhui Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Youcai Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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17
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Su G, Zhu M, Xu M, Pan J, Zhou Y, Zhou H, Zhang WS, Tong Y, Yu Y. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based DNA framework assembled split G-quadruplex nanodevices for microRNA sensing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13583-13586. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06054b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA framework assembled split G4 nanodevice was fabricated to realize the microRNA imaging in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxing Su
- School of Pharmacy
- Nantong University
- Nantong
- China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Pharmacy
- Nantong University
- Nantong
- China
| | - Mengting Xu
- School of Pharmacy
- Nantong University
- Nantong
- China
| | - Jianbin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Yao Zhou
- School of Pharmacy
- Nantong University
- Nantong
- China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta
- Ministry of Education
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou 510006
| | - Wei S. Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Nantong University
- Nantong
- China
| | - Yanli Tong
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- School of Pharmacy
- Nantong University
- Nantong
- China
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18
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Uno Y, Yamazaki H. Expression levels of microRNAs that are potential cytochrome P450 regulators in cynomolgus macaques. Xenobiotica 2019; 50:747-752. [PMID: 31682544 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1688423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
1. Although the cynomolgus macaque is an important non-human primate species used in drug metabolism studies, cynomolgus macaque microRNA expressions have not been fully investigated.2. The expressions of 11 cynomolgus microRNAs, all orthologues of P450 regulators in humans, were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in adrenal gland, brain, heart, jejunum, kidney, liver, ovary, testis and uterus. mfa-miR-122 and mfa-miR-192, potentially important biomarkers for liver toxicity, were also analyzed.3. Several cynomolgus microRNAs showed preferential tissue expressions: mfa-miR-1 in heart, mfa-miR-122 in liver and mfa-miR-21 and mfa-miR-192 in jejunum. The remaining nine microRNAs had more ubiquitous expressions. All 13 cynomolgus microRNAs were expressed in liver. Among the 10 animals investigated, inter-individual microRNA expression levels in liver varied from 1.5- to 5.3-fold. mfa-miR-18b was the most variable microRNA. Sex differences in expression levels were <2.0-fold, and the difference was only significant for mfa-miR-29 [1.6-fold difference (p < .05)]. Six cynomolgus microRNAs (mfa-miR-18b, mfa-miR-27a, mfa-miR-132, mfa-miR-27b, mfa-miR-122 and mfa-miR-29) were significantly correlated with P450 mRNAs: mfa-miR-18b and mfa-miR-27a were each correlated with seven P450 mRNAs.4. Expression of these cynomolgus microRNAs in liver might indicate their possible roles in this tissue, and further investigation will clarify their involvement in P450 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima city, Japan.,Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd, Kainan, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan
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Polyphenol Effects on Cholesterol Metabolism via Bile Acid Biosynthesis, CYP7A1: A Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112588. [PMID: 31661763 PMCID: PMC6893479 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the main contributor to coronary heart disease, is characterised by an accumulation of lipids such as cholesterol in the arterial wall. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) reduces cholesterol via its conversion into bile acids (BAs). During RCT in non-hepatic peripheral tissues, cholesterol is transferred to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and returned to the liver for conversion into BAs predominantly via the rate-limiting enzyme, cholesterol 7 α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). Numerous reports have described that polyphenol induced increases in BA excretion and corresponding reductions in total and LDL cholesterol in animal and in-vitro studies, but the process whereby this occurs has not been extensively reviewed. There are three main mechanisms by which BA excretion can be augmented: (1) increased expression of CYP7A1; (2) reduced expression of intestinal BA transporters; and (3) changes in the gut microbiota. Here we summarise the BA metabolic pathways focusing on CYP7A1, how its gene is regulated via transcription factors, diurnal rhythms, and microRNAs. Importantly, we will address the following questions: (1) Can polyphenols enhance BA secretion by modulating the CYP7A1 biosynthetic pathway? (2) Can polyphenols alter the BA pool via changes in the gut microbiota? (3) Which polyphenols are the most promising candidates for future research? We conclude that while in rodents some polyphenols induce CYP7A1 expression predominantly by the LXRα pathway, in human cells, this may occur through FXR, NF-KB, and ERK signalling. Additionally, gut microbiota is important for the de-conjugation and excretion of BAs. Puerarin, resveratrol, and quercetin are promising candidates for further research in this area.
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20
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Choi YH, Han CY, Kim KS, Kim SG. Future Directions of Pharmacovigilance Studies Using Electronic Medical Recording and Human Genetic Databases. Toxicol Res 2019; 35:319-330. [PMID: 31636843 PMCID: PMC6791658 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2019.35.4.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) constitute key factors in determining successful medication therapy in clinical situations. Integrative analysis of electronic medical record (EMR) data and use of proper analytical tools are requisite to conduct retrospective surveillance of clinical decisions on medications. Thus, we suggest that electronic medical recording and human genetic databases are considered together in future directions of pharmacovigilance. We analyzed EMR-based ADR studies indexed on PubMed during the period from 2005 to 2017 and retrospectively acquired 1161 (29.6%) articles describing drug-induced adverse reactions (e.g., liver, kidney, nervous system, immune system, and inflammatory responses). Of them, only 102 (8.79%) articles contained useful information to detect or predict ADRs in the context of clinical medication alerts. Since insufficiency of EMR datasets and their improper analyses may provide false warnings on clinical decision, efforts should be made to overcome possible problems on data-mining, analysis, statistics, and standardization. Thus, we address the characteristics and limitations on retrospective EMR database studies in hospital settings. Since gene expression and genetic variations among individuals impact ADRs, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics, appropriate paths for pharmacovigilance may be optimized using suitable databases available in public domain (e.g., genome-wide association studies (GWAS), non-coding RNAs, microRNAs, proteomics, and genetic variations), novel targets, and biomarkers. These efforts with new validated biomarker analyses would be of help to repurpose clinical and translational research infrastructure and ultimately future personalized therapy considering ADRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University_Seoul, Goyang,
Korea
| | - Chang Yeob Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan,
Korea
| | - Kwi Suk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Sang Geon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul,
Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
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21
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Ge MX, Shao RG, He HW. Advances in understanding the regulatory mechanism of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 164:152-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Won KJ, Park JS, Jeong H. Repression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha by AP-1 underlies dyslipidemia associated with retinoic acid. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:794-804. [PMID: 30709899 PMCID: PMC6446710 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m088880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) is used to treat certain cancers and dermatologic diseases. A common adverse effect of atRA is hypercholesterolemia; cytochrome P450 (CYP) 7A repression is suggested as a driver. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated CYP7A1 expression in the presence of atRA in human hepatocytes and hepatic cell lines. In HepaRG cells, atRA increased cholesterol levels dose-dependently alongside dramatic decreases in CYP7A1 expression. Lentiviral-mediated CYP7A1 overexpression reversed atRA-induced cholesterol accumulation, suggesting that CYP7A1 repression mediated cholesterol accumulation. In CYP7A1 promoter reporter assays and gene-knockdown studies, altered binding of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α (HNF4α) to the proximal promoter was essential for atRA-mediated CYP7A1 repression. Pharmacologic inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and ERK pathways attenuated atRA-mediated CYP7A1 repression and cholesterol accumulation. Overexpression of AP-1 (c-Jun/c-Fos), a downstream target of JNK and ERK, repressed CYP7A1 expression. In DNA pull-down and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, AP-1 exhibited sequence-specific binding to the proximal CYP7A1 promoter region overlapping the HNF4α binding site, and atRA increased AP-1 but decreased HNF4α recruitment to the promoter. Collectively, these results indicate that atRA activates JNK and ERK pathways and the downstream target AP-1 represses HNF4α transactivation of the CYP7A1 promoter, potentially responsible for hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Jae Won
- Departments of Pharmacy Practice College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Joo-Seop Park
- Divisions of Pediatric Urology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Hyunyoung Jeong
- Departments of Pharmacy Practice College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
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23
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Di Ciaula A, Wang DQH, Portincasa P. Cholesterol cholelithiasis: part of a systemic metabolic disease, prone to primary prevention. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:157-171. [PMID: 30791781 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1549988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol gallstone disease have relationships with various conditions linked with insulin resistance, but also with heart disease, atherosclerosis, and cancer. These associations derive from mechanisms active at a local (i.e. gallbladder, bile) and a systemic level and are involved in inflammation, hormones, nuclear receptors, signaling molecules, epigenetic modulation of gene expression, and gut microbiota. Despite advanced knowledge of these pathways, the available therapeutic options for symptomatic gallstone patients remain limited. Therapy includes oral litholysis by the bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in a small subgroup of patients at high risk of postdissolution recurrence, or laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which is the therapeutic radical gold standard treatment. Cholecystectomy, however, may not be a neutral event, and potentially generates health problems, including the metabolic syndrome. Areas covered: Several studies on risk factors and pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstone disease, acting at a systemic level have been reviewed through a PubMed search. Authors have focused on primary prevention and novel potential therapeutic strategies. Expert commentary: The ultimate goal appears to target the manageable systemic mechanisms responsible for gallstone occurrence, pointing to primary prevention measures. Changes must target lifestyles, as well as experimenting innovative pharmacological tools in subgroups of patients at high risk of developing gallstones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- a Division of Internal Medicine , Hospital of Bisceglie , Bisceglie , Italy
| | - David Q-H Wang
- b Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases , Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Piero Portincasa
- c Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri" , University of Bari Medical School , Bari , Italy
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24
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Zinkhan EK, Yu B, McKnight R. Uteroplacental Insufficiency Impairs Cholesterol Elimination in Adult Female Growth-Restricted Rat Offspring Fed a High-Fat Diet. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:1173-1180. [PMID: 30453824 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118811649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI) causes intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and increases the risk of hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular disease, which are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Little is known about the mechanism through which UPI increases cholesterol. Hepatic Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) is the rate-limiting and most highly regulated step of cholesterol catabolism to bile acids. Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase is regulated by transcription factor liver X receptor α (Lxrα) and by microRNA-122. We previously showed that microRNA-122 inhibition of Cyp7a1 translation decreased cholesterol catabolism to bile acids in female IUGR rats at the time of weaning. We hypothesized that UPI would increase cholesterol and microRNA-122 and decrease Cyp7a1 protein and hepatic bile acids in young adult female IUGR rats. To test our hypothesis, we used a rat model of IUGR induced by bilateral uterine artery ligation. Both control and IUGR offspring were exposed to a maternal high-fat diet from before conception through lactation, and all offspring were weaned to a high-fat diet on postnatal day 21. At postnatal day 60, IUGR female rats had increased total and low-density lipoprotein serum cholesterol and hepatic cholesterol, decreased Lxrα and Cyp7a1 protein, and decreased hepatic bile acids. Hepatic microRNA-122 was not changed by UPI. Our findings suggest that UPI decreased cholesterol catabolism to bile acids in young adult female rats through a mechanism independent of microRNA-122.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Zinkhan
- 1 Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Baifeng Yu
- 1 Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robert McKnight
- 1 Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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25
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Fernández-Murga ML, Petrov PD, Conde I, Castell JV, Goméz-Lechón MJ, Jover R. Advances in drug-induced cholestasis: Clinical perspectives, potential mechanisms and in vitro systems. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:196-212. [PMID: 29990576 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite growing research, drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains a serious issue of increasing importance to the medical community that challenges health systems, pharmaceutical industries and drug regulatory agencies. Drug-induced cholestasis (DIC) represents a frequent manifestation of DILI in humans, which is characterised by an impaired canalicular bile flow resulting in a detrimental accumulation of bile constituents in blood and tissues. From a clinical point of view, cholestatic DILI generates a wide spectrum of presentations and can be a diagnostic challenge. The drug classes mostly associated with DIC are anti-infectious, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, psychotropic and cardiovascular agents, steroids, and other miscellaneous drugs. The molecular mechanisms of DIC have been investigated since the 1980s but they remain debatable. It is recognised that altered expression and/or function of hepatobiliary membrane transporters underlies some forms of cholestasis, and this and other concomitant mechanisms are very likely in DIC. Deciphering these processes may pave the ways for diagnosis, prognosis and prevention, for which currently major gaps and caveats exist. In this review, we summarise recent advances in the field of DIC, including clinical aspects, the potential mechanisms postulated so far and the in vitro systems that can be useful to investigate and identify new cholestatic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leonor Fernández-Murga
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Petar D Petrov
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Conde
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose V Castell
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
| | - M José Goméz-Lechón
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ramiro Jover
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Spain.
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26
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Herein, we review the role of FXR and TGR5 in the regulation of hepatic bile acid metabolism, with a focus on how our understanding of bile acid metabolic regulation by these receptors has evolved in recent years and how this improved understanding may facilitate targeting bile acids for type 2 diabetes treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Bile acid profile is a key regulator of metabolic homeostasis. Inhibition of expression of the enzyme that is required for cholic acid synthesis and thus determines bile acid profile, Cyp8b1, may be an effective target for type 2 diabetes treatment. FXR and, more recently, TGR5 have been shown to regulate bile acid metabolism and Cyp8b1 expression and, therefore, may provide a mechanism with which to target bile acid profile for type 2 diabetes treatment. Inhibition of Cyp8b1 expression is a promising therapeutic modality for type 2 diabetes; however, further work is needed to fully understand the pathways regulating Cyp8b1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina E Zaborska
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, T3 014A Veterinary Research Tower, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Bethany P Cummings
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, T3 014A Veterinary Research Tower, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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27
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Yilmaz SG, Isbir S, Kunt AT, Isbir T. Circulating microRNAs as Novel Biomarkers for Atherosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 32:561-565. [PMID: 29695561 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM In this study, we determined the expression of selected circulating microRNAs (miRNA) and their potential roles as biomarkers in patients with atherosclerosis and a control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to obtain insight into miRNA expression levels in atherosclerosis, we analyzed miRNA expression levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in case (n=89) and healthy control (n=93) groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic capability of miRNAs. RESULTS miRNA221 and miRNA221 expression levels were significantly lower in patients than controls (p=0.011 and p=0.004, respectively). Receiver operator curve analysis demonstrated that expression levels of miRNA221 [area under curve (AUC)=0.623, p=0.0086) and miRNA222 (AUC=0.654, p=0.0006) were significantly different between groups. There were positive correlations between miRNA122a and triglyceride (p=0.046) and very-low-density lipoprotein (p=0.029) levels. CONCLUSION miRNA221 and miRNA222 could be convenient biomarkers for diagnosis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Gulec Yilmaz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selim Isbir
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Atike Tekeli Kunt
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Turgay Isbir
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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28
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Zinkhan EK, Yu B, Schlegel A. Prenatal Exposure to a Maternal High Fat Diet Increases Hepatic Cholesterol Accumulation in Intrauterine Growth Restricted Rats in Part Through MicroRNA-122 Inhibition of Cyp7a1. Front Physiol 2018; 9:645. [PMID: 29896121 PMCID: PMC5987111 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and consumption of a high saturated fat diet (HFD) increase the risk of hypercholesterolemia, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The mechanism through which the cumulative impact of IUGR and in utero exposure to a maternal HFD increase cholesterol levels remains unknown. Cholesterol 7α hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) initiates catabolism of cholesterol to bile acids for elimination from the body, and is regulated by microRNA-122 (miR-122). We hypothesized that IUGR rats exposed to a maternal HFD would have increased cholesterol and decreased Cyp7a1 protein levels in juvenile rats, findings which would be normalized by administration of a miR-122 inhibitor. To test our hypothesis we used a rat model of surgically induced IUGR and fed the dams a regular diet or a HFD from prior to conception through lactation. At the time of weaning, IUGR female rats exposed to a maternal HFD had increased hepatic cholesterol, decreased hepatic Cyp7a1 protein and hepatic bile acids, and increased hepatic miR-122 compared to non-IUGR rats exposed to the same HFD. In vivo inhibition of miR-122 increased hepatic Cyp7a1 protein and decreased hepatic cholesterol. Our findings suggest that IUGR combined with a maternal HFD decreased cholesterol catabolism to bile acids, in part, via miR-122 inhibition of Cyp7a1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Zinkhan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Baifeng Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Amnon Schlegel
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program (U2M2), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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29
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YILMAZ SEDAGULEC, ISBIR SELIM, KUNT ATIKETEKELI, ISBIR TURGAY. Circulating microRNAs as Novel Biomarkers for Atherosclerosis. In Vivo 2018; 32. [PMID: 29695561 PMCID: PMC6000792 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.112276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM In this study, we determined the expression of selected circulating microRNAs (miRNA) and their potential roles as biomarkers in patients with atherosclerosis and a control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to obtain insight into miRNA expression levels in atherosclerosis, we analyzed miRNA expression levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in case (n=89) and healthy control (n=93) groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic capability of miRNAs. RESULTS miRNA221 and miRNA221 expression levels were significantly lower in patients than controls (p=0.011 and p=0.004, respectively). Receiver operator curve analysis demonstrated that expression levels of miRNA221 [area under curve (AUC)=0.623, p=0.0086) and miRNA222 (AUC=0.654, p=0.0006) were significantly different between groups. There were positive correlations between miRNA122a and triglyceride (p=0.046) and very-low-density lipoprotein (p=0.029) levels. CONCLUSION miRNA221 and miRNA222 could be convenient biomarkers for diagnosis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- SEDA GULEC YILMAZ
- Department ofMolecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - SELIM ISBIR
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - ATIKE TEKELI KUNT
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - TURGAY ISBIR
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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30
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Th’ng F, Vliegenthart B, Lea JD, Antoine DJ, Dear JW, Mole DJ. Evaluation of plasma microRNA-122, high-mobility group box 1 and keratin-18 concentrations to stratify acute gallstone disease: a pilot observational cohort study in an emergency general surgery unit. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020061. [PMID: 29703854 PMCID: PMC5922517 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To obtain pilot data to evaluate the discriminatory power of biomarkers microRNA-122 (miR-122), high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), full-length keratin-18 (flk-18) and caspase-cleaved keratin-18 (cck-18) in plasma to identify potential biliary complications that may require acute intervention. DESIGN An observational biomarker cohort pilot study. SETTING In a Scottish University teaching hospital for 12 months beginning on 3 September 2014. PARTICIPANTS Blood samples were collected from adults (≥16 years old) referred with acute biliary-type symptoms who have presented to hospital within 24 hours prior were recruited. Patients unable or refused to give informed consent or were transferred from a hospital outside the National Health Service regional trust were excluded. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES To evaluate whether circulating miR-122, HMGB1, flk-18 and cck-18 can discriminate between people with and without gallstone disease and uncomplicated from complicated gallstone disease during the first 24 hours of hospital admission. RESULTS 300 patients were screened of which 285 patients were included. Plasma miR-122, cck-18 and flk-18 concentrations were increased in patients with gallstones compared with those without (miR-122: median: 2.89×104 copies/mL vs 0.90×104 copies/mL (p<0.001); cck-18: 121.2 U/L vs 103.5 U/L (p=0.031); flk-18: 252.4 U/L vs 145.1 U/L (p<0.001)). Uncomplicated gallstone disease was associated with higher miR-122 and cck-18 concentrations than complicated disease (miR-122: 5.72×104 copies/mL vs 2.26×104 copies/mL (p=0.023); cck-18: 139.7 U/L vs 113.6 U/L (p=0.047)). There was no significant difference in HMGB1 concentration between patients with and without gallstones (p=0.559). Separation between groups for all biomarkers was modest. CONCLUSION miR-122 and keratin-18 plasma concentrations are elevated in patients with gallstones. However, this result is confounded by the association between biomarker concentrations, age and gender. In this pilot study, miR-122 and keratin-18 were not sufficiently discriminatory to be progressed as clinically useful biomarkers in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Th’ng
- Clinical Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Jonathan D Lea
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniel J Antoine
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - James W Dear
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Damian J Mole
- Clinical Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- General Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
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31
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Cheung AC, Lorenzo Pisarello MJ, LaRusso NF. Pathobiology of biliary epithelia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1220-1231. [PMID: 28716705 PMCID: PMC5777905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocytes are epithelial cells that line the intra- and extrahepatic biliary tree. They serve predominantly to mediate the content of luminal biliary fluid, which is controlled via numerous signaling pathways influenced by endogenous (e.g., bile acids, nucleotides, hormones, neurotransmitters) and exogenous (e.g., microbes/microbial products, drugs etc.) molecules. When injured, cholangiocytes undergo apoptosis/lysis, repair and proliferation. They also become senescent, a form of cell cycle arrest, which may prevent propagation of injury and/or malignant transformation. Senescent cholangiocytes can undergo further transformation to a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), where they begin secreting pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic signals that may contribute to disease initiation and progression. These and other concepts related to cholangiocyte pathobiology will be reviewed herein. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cholangiocytes in Health and Disease edited by Jesus Banales, Marco Marzioni, Nicholas LaRusso and Peter Jansen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Cheung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Maria J Lorenzo Pisarello
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Nicholas F LaRusso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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32
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Lai YH, Liu H, Chiang WF, Chen TW, Chu LJ, Yu JS, Chen SJ, Chen HC, Tan BCM. MiR-31-5p-ACOX1 Axis Enhances Tumorigenic Fitness in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Via the Promigratory Prostaglandin E2. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:486-504. [PMID: 29290822 PMCID: PMC5743562 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During neoplastic development, a multitude of changes in genome-encoded information are progressively selected to confer growth and survival advantages to tumor cells. microRNAs-mRNAs regulatory networks, given their role as a critical layer of robust gene expression control, are frequently altered in neoplasm. However, whether and how these gene perturbations impact metabolic homeostasis remains largely unresolved. Methods: Through targeted miRNA expression screening, we uncovered an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)-associated miRNAome, among which miR-31-5p was identified based on extent of up-regulation, functional impact on OSCC cell migration and invasion, and direct regulation of the rate-limiting enzyme in peroxisomal β-oxidation, ACOX1. Results: We further found that both miR-31-5p and ACOX1 underpin, in an antagonistic manner, the overall cellular lipidome profiles as well as the migratory and invasive abilities of OSCC cells. Interestingly, the extracellular levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a key substrate of ACOX1, were controlled by the miR-31-5p-ACOX1 axis, and were shown to positively influence the extent of cell motility in correlation with metastatic status. The promigratory effect of this metabolite was mediated by an elevation in EP1-ERK-MMP9 signaling. Of note, functional significance of this regulatory pathway was further corroborated by its clinicopathologically-correlated expression in OSCC patient specimens. Conclusions: Collectively, our findings outlined a model whereby misregulated miR-31-5p-ACOX1 axis in tumor alters lipid metabolomes, consequently eliciting an intracellular signaling change to enhance cell motility. Our clinical analysis also unveiled PGE2 as a viable salivary biomarker for prognosticating oral cancer progression, further underscoring the importance of lipid metabolism in tumorigenesis.
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33
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Denecke B, Rostalsky A, Hristov M, Koeppel TA, Bidzhekov K, Gan L, Zernecke A, Weber C. microRNA expression signatures and parallels between monocyte subsets and atherosclerotic plaque in humans. Thromb Haemost 2017; 107:619-25. [DOI: 10.1160/th11-09-0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SummarySmall non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged to play critical roles in cardiovascular biology. Monocytes critically drive atherosclerotic lesion formation, and can be subdivided into a classical and non-classical subset. Here we scrutinised the miRNA signature of human classical and non-classical monocytes, and compared miRNA expression profiles of atherosclerotic plaques from human carotid arteries and healthy arteries. We identified miRNAs to be differentially regulated with a two-fold or higher difference between classical and non-classical monocyte subsets. Moreover, comparing miRNA expression in atherosclerotic plaques compared to healthy arteries, we observed several miRNAs to be aberrantly expressed, with the majority of miRNAs displaying a two-fold or higher increase in plaques and only few miRNAs being decreased. To elucidate similarities in miRNA signatures between monocyte subsets and atherosclerotic plaque, expression of miRNAs highly abundant in monocytes and plaque tissues were compared. Several miRNAs were found in atherosclerotic plaques but not in healthy vessels or either monocyte subset. However, we could identify miRNAs co-expressed in plaque tissue and classical monocytes (miR-99b, miR-152), or non-classical monocytes (miR-422a), or in both monocytes subsets. We thus unravelled candidate miRNAs, which may facilitate our understanding of monocyte recruitment and fate during atherosclerosis, and may serve as therapeutic targets for treating inflammatory vascular diseases.Note: The editorial process for this article was fully handled by Prof. G. Y. H. Lip, Editor-in-Chief.
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34
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Rashid HO, Kim HK, Junjappa R, Kim HR, Chae HJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the regulation of liver diseases: Involvement of Regulated IRE1α and β-dependent decay and miRNA. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32:981-991. [PMID: 27774654 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Compromised protein folding capacity in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to a protein traffic jam that produces a toxic environment called ER stress. However, the ER smartly handles such a critical situation by activating a cascade of proteins responsible for sensing and responding to the noxious stimuli of accumulated proteins. The ER protein load is higher in secretory cells, such as liver hepatocytes, which are thus prone to stress-mediated toxicity and various diseases, including alcohol-induced liver injury, fatty liver disease, and viral hepatitis. Therefore, we discuss the molecular cues that connect ER stress to hepatic diseases. Moreover, we review the literature on ER stress-regulated miRNA in the pathogenesis of liver diseases to give a comprehensive overview of mechanistic insights connecting ER stress and miRNA in the context of liver diseases. We also discuss currently discovered regulated IRE1 dependent decay in regulation of hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun-Or Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Institute, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Institute, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Raghupatil Junjappa
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Institute, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- Graduate School and Institute of Science and Technology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Institute, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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35
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Latorre J, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Mercader JM, Sabater M, Rovira Ò, Gironès J, Ricart W, Fernández-Real JM, Ortega FJ. Decreased lipid metabolism but increased FA biosynthesis are coupled with changes in liver microRNAs in obese subjects with NAFLD. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:620-630. [PMID: 28119530 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Many controversies regarding the association of liver miRNAs with obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) call for additional validations. This study sought to investigate variations in genes and hepatic miRNAs in a sample of obese patients with or without NAFLD and human hepatocytes (HH). SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 60 non-consecutive obese women following bariatric surgery were recruited. Subjects were classified as NAFLD (n=17), borderline (n=24) and controls (n=19) with normal enzymatic profile, liver histology and ultrasound assessments. Profiling of 744 miRNAs was performed in 8 obese women with no sign of hepatic disease and 11 NAFLD patients. Additional validation and expression of genes related to de novo fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis, uptake, transport and β-oxidation; glucose metabolism, and inflammation was tested in the extended sample. Induction of NAFLD-related genes and miRNAs was examined in HepG2 cells and primary HH treated with palmitic acid (PA), a combination of palmitate and oleic acid, or high glucose, and insulin (HG) mimicking insulin resistance in NAFLD. RESULTS In the discovery sample, 14 miRNAs were associated with NAFLD. Analyses in the extended sample confirmed decreased miR-139-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-122-5p and miR-422a, and increased miR-146b-5p in obese subjects with NAFLD. Multiple linear regression analyses disclosed that NAFLD contributed independently to explain miR-139-5p (P=0.005), miR-30b-5p (P=0.005), miR-122-5p (P=0.021), miR-422a (P=0.007) and miR-146a (P=0.033) expression variance after controlling for confounders. Decreased miR-122-5p in liver was associated with impaired FA usage. Expression of inflammatory and macrophage-related genes was opposite to decreased miR-30b-5p, miR-139-5p and miR-422a, whereas increased miR-146b-5p was associated with FABP4 and decreased glucose metabolism and FA mobilization. In partial agreement, PA (but not HG) led to decreased miR-139-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-422a and miR-146a in vitro, in parallel with increased lipogenesis and FA transport, decreased glucose metabolism and diminished FA oxidation. CONCLUSION This study confirms decreased liver glucose and lipid metabolism but increased FA biosynthesis coupled with changes in five unique miRNAs in obese patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Latorre
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Hospital of Girona 'Dr Josep Trueta' Carretera de França s/n, Girona, Spain
| | - J M Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Hospital of Girona 'Dr Josep Trueta' Carretera de França s/n, Girona, Spain.,CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Mercader
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Sabater
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Hospital of Girona 'Dr Josep Trueta' Carretera de França s/n, Girona, Spain.,CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ò Rovira
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Hospital of Girona 'Dr Josep Trueta' Carretera de França s/n, Girona, Spain
| | - J Gironès
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - W Ricart
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Hospital of Girona 'Dr Josep Trueta' Carretera de França s/n, Girona, Spain.,CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Hospital of Girona 'Dr Josep Trueta' Carretera de França s/n, Girona, Spain.,CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - F J Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Hospital of Girona 'Dr Josep Trueta' Carretera de França s/n, Girona, Spain.,CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Vega-Badillo J. ALTERACIONES EN LA HOMEOSTASIS DEL COLESTEROL HEPÁTICO Y SUS IMPLICACIONES EN LA ESTEATOHEPATITIS NO ALCOHÓLICA. TIP REVISTA ESPECIALIZADA EN CIENCIAS QUÍMICO-BIOLÓGICAS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recqb.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Li MP, Hu YD, Hu XL, Zhang YJ, Yang YL, Jiang C, Tang J, Chen XP. MiRNAs and miRNA Polymorphisms Modify Drug Response. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13111096. [PMID: 27834829 PMCID: PMC5129306 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Differences in expression of drug response-related genes contribute to inter-individual variation in drugs’ biological effects. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs emerging as new players in epigenetic regulation of gene expression at post-transcriptional level. MiRNAs regulate the expression of genes involved in drug metabolism, drug transportation, drug targets and downstream signal molecules directly or indirectly. MiRNA polymorphisms, the genetic variations affecting miRNA expression and/or miRNA-mRNA interaction, provide a new insight into the understanding of inter-individual difference in drug response. Here, we provide an overview of the recent progress in miRNAs mediated regulation of biotransformation enzymes, drug transporters, and nuclear receptors. We also describe the implications of miRNA polymorphisms in cancer chemotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Peng Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Yao-Dong Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China.
| | - Xiao-Lei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Yan-Jiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Yong-Long Yang
- Haikou People's Hospital and Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Haikou 570311, China.
| | - Chun Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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38
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Zheng GX, Qu AL, Yang YM, Zhang X, Zhang SC, Wang CX. miR-422a is an independent prognostic factor and functions as a potential tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5589-5597. [PMID: 27350737 PMCID: PMC4917619 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i24.5589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the expression of miR-422a in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and to further explore the prognostic value and function of miR-422a in CRC carcinogenesis.
METHODS: miR-422a expression was analyzed in 102 CRC tissues and paired normal mucosa adjacent to carcinoma by quantitative real-time PCR. The relationship of miR-422a expression with clinicopathological parameters was also analyzed. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox multivariate analysis were performed to estimate the potential role of miR-422a. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were used for in vitro functional analysis of miR-422a.
RESULTS: The levels of miR-422a were dramatically reduced in CRC tissues compared with normal mucosa (P < 0.05), and significantly correlated with local invasion (P = 0.004) and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression multivariate analyses revealed that miR-422a expression (HR = 0.568, P = 0.015) and clinical TNM stage (HR = 2.942, P = 0.003) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival in CRC patients. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that overexpression of miR-422a inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SW480 and HT-29 cells.
CONCLUSION: Down-regulation of miR-422a may serve as an independent prognosis factor in CRC. MiR-422a functions as a tumor suppressor and regulates progression of CRC.
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39
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Letelier P, Riquelme I, Hernández AH, Guzmán N, Farías JG, Roa JC. Circulating MicroRNAs as Biomarkers in Biliary Tract Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050791. [PMID: 27223281 PMCID: PMC4881607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are a group of highly aggressive malignant tumors with a poor prognosis. The current diagnosis is based mainly on imaging and intraoperative exploration due to brush cytology havinga low sensitivity and the standard markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate 19-9 (CA19-9), not having enough sensitivity nor specificity to be used in a differential diagnosis and early stage detection. Thus, better non-invasive methods that can distinguish between normal and pathological tissue are needed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules of ~20–22 nucleotides that regulate relevant physiological mechanisms and can also be involved in carcinogenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are detectable in multiple body fluids, showing great stability, either free or trapped in circulating microvesicles, such as exosomes. miRNAs are ideal biomarkers that may be used in screening and prognosis in biliary tract cancers, aiding also in the clinical decisions at different stages of cancer treatment. This review highlights the progress in the analysis of circulating miRNAs in serum, plasma and bile as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers of BTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Letelier
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Manuel Montt 56, 4813302 Temuco, Chile.
| | - Ismael Riquelme
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Alemania 0458, 3rd Floor, 4810296 Temuco, Chile.
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla, 54-D Temuco, Chile.
| | - Alfonso H Hernández
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Manuel Montt 56, 4813302 Temuco, Chile.
| | - Neftalí Guzmán
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Manuel Montt 56, 4813302 Temuco, Chile.
| | - Jorge G Farías
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, 54-D Temuco, Chile.
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Advanced Centre for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 377, 7rd Floor, 8330024 Santiago, Chile.
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40
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Yang B, Liu B, Bi P, Wu T, Wang Q, Zhang J. An integrated analysis of differential miRNA and mRNA expressions in human gallstones. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:1004-11. [PMID: 25639987 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00741g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Gallstone disease, including cholesterol precipitation in bile, increased bile salt hydrophobicity and gallbladder inflammation. Here, we investigated miRNA and mRNA involved in the formation of gallstones, and explored the molecular mechanisms in the development of gallstones. Differentially expressed 17 miRNAs and 525 mRNA were identified based on Illumina sequencing from gallbladder mucosa of patients with or without gallstones, and were validated by randomly selected 6 miRNAs and 8 genes using quantitative RT-PCR. 114 miRNA target genes were identified, whose functions and regulating pathways were related to gallstones. The differentially expressed genes were enriched upon lipoprotein binding and some metabolic pathways, and differentially expressed miRNAs enriched upon ABC transportation and cancer related pathways. A molecular regulatory network consisting of 17 differentially expressed miRNAs, inclusive of their target genes, was constructed. miR-210 and its potential target gene ATP11A were found to be differentially expressed in both miRNA and mRNA profiles. ATP11A was a direct target of miR-210, which was predicted to regulate the ABC-transporters pathway. The expression levels of ATP11A in the gallstone showed inverse correlation with miR-210 expression, and up-regulation of miR-210 could reduce ATP11A expression in HGBEC. This is the first report that indicates the existence of differences in miRNA and mRNA expression in patients with or without gallstones. Our data shed light on further investigating the mechanisms of gallstone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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41
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Lang-Ouellette D, Richard TG, Morin P. Mammalian hibernation and regulation of lipid metabolism: a focus on non-coding RNAs. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 79:1161-71. [PMID: 25540001 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914110030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Numerous species will confront severe environmental conditions by undergoing significant metabolic rate reduction. Mammalian hibernation is one such natural model of hypometabolism. Hibernators experience considerable physiological, metabolic, and molecular changes to survive the harsh challenges associated with winter. Whether as fuel source or as key signaling molecules, lipids are of primary importance for a successful bout of hibernation and their careful regulation throughout this process is essential. In recent years, a plethora of non-coding RNAs has emerged as potential regulators of targets implicated in lipid metabolism in diverse models. In this review, we introduce the general characteristics associated with mammalian hibernation, present the importance of lipid metabolism prior to and during hibernation, as well as discuss the potential relevance of non-coding RNAs such as miRNAs and lncRNAs during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lang-Ouellette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1A 3E9, Canada.
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42
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Wooton-Kee CR, Jain AK, Wagner M, Grusak MA, Finegold MJ, Lutsenko S, Moore DD. Elevated copper impairs hepatic nuclear receptor function in Wilson's disease. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:3449-60. [PMID: 26241054 DOI: 10.1172/jci78991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder that results in accumulation of copper in the liver as a consequence of mutations in the gene encoding the copper-transporting P-type ATPase (ATP7B). WD is a chronic liver disorder, and individuals with the disease present with a variety of complications, including steatosis, cholestasis, cirrhosis, and liver failure. Similar to patients with WD, Atp7b⁻/⁻ mice have markedly elevated levels of hepatic copper and liver pathology. Previous studies have demonstrated that replacement of zinc in the DNA-binding domain of the estrogen receptor (ER) with copper disrupts specific binding to DNA response elements. Here, we found decreased binding of the nuclear receptors FXR, RXR, HNF4α, and LRH-1 to promoter response elements and decreased mRNA expression of nuclear receptor target genes in Atp7b⁻/⁻ mice, as well as in adult and pediatric WD patients. Excessive hepatic copper has been described in progressive familial cholestasis (PFIC), and we found that similar to individuals with WD, patients with PFIC2 or PFIC3 who have clinically elevated hepatic copper levels exhibit impaired nuclear receptor activity. Together, these data demonstrate that copper-mediated nuclear receptor dysfunction disrupts liver function in WD and potentially in other disorders associated with increased hepatic copper levels.
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43
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Sharapova T, Devanarayan V, LeRoy B, Liguori MJ, Blomme E, Buck W, Maher J. Evaluation of miR-122 as a Serum Biomarker for Hepatotoxicity in Investigative Rat Toxicology Studies. Vet Pathol 2015; 53:211-21. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985815591076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short noncoding RNAs involved in regulation of gene expression. Certain microRNAs, including miR-122, seem to have ideal properties as biomarkers due to good stability, high tissue specificity, and ease of detection across multiple species. Recent reports have indicated that miR-122 is a highly liver-specific marker detectable in serum after liver injury. The purpose of the current study was to assess the performance of miR-122 as a serum biomarker for hepatotoxicity in short-term (5–28 days) repeat-dose rat toxicology studies when benchmarked against routine clinical chemistry and histopathology. A total of 23 studies with multiple dose levels of experimental compounds were examined, and they included animals with or without liver injury and with various hepatic histopathologic changes. Serum miR-122 levels were quantified by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Increases in circulating miR-122 levels highly correlated with serum elevations of liver enzymes, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH). Statistical analysis showed that miR-122 outperformed ALT as a biomarker for histopathologically confirmed liver toxicity and was equivalent in performance to AST and GLDH. Additionally, an increase of 4% in predictive accuracy was obtained using a multiparameter approach incorporating miR-122 with ALT, AST, and GLDH. In conclusion, serum miR-122 levels can be utilized as a biomarker of hepatotoxicity in acute and subacute rat toxicology studies, and its performance can rival or exceed those of standard enzyme biomarkers such as the liver transaminases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Sharapova
- Investigative Toxicology and Pathology, Abbvie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - B. LeRoy
- Investigative Toxicology and Pathology, Abbvie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M. J. Liguori
- Cell, Molecular, and Exploratory Toxicology, Abbvie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E. Blomme
- Investigative Toxicology and Pathology, Abbvie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - W. Buck
- Cell, Molecular, and Exploratory Toxicology, Abbvie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J. Maher
- Investigative Toxicology and Pathology, Abbvie, North Chicago, IL, USA
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He Y, Chevillet JR, Liu G, Kim TK, Wang K. The effects of microRNA on the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2733-47. [PMID: 25296724 PMCID: PMC4439871 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of genetic factors (e.g. sequence variation) in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) and overall efficacy of therapeutic agents is well established. Our ability to identify, interpret and utilize these factors is the subject of much clinical investigation and therapeutic development. However, drug ADME and efficacy are also heavily influenced by epigenetic factors such as DNA/histone methylation and non-coding RNAs [especially microRNAs (miRNAs)]. Results from studies using tools, such as in silico miRNA target prediction, in vitro functional assays, nucleic acid profiling/sequencing and high-throughput proteomics, are rapidly expanding our knowledge of these factors and their effects on drug metabolism. Although these studies reveal a complex regulation of drug ADME, an increased understanding of the molecular interplay between the genome, epigenome and transcriptome has the potential to provide practically useful strategies to facilitate drug development, optimize therapeutic efficacy, circumvent adverse effects, yield novel diagnostics and ultimately become an integral component of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y He
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Guangdong Medical CollegeDongguan, Guangdong, China
| | | | - G Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State UniversityFargo, ND, USA
| | - T K Kim
- Institute for Systems BiologySeattle, WA, USA
| | - K Wang
- Institute for Systems BiologySeattle, WA, USA
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Abstract
Bile acids are the end products of cholesterol catabolism. Hepatic bile acid synthesis accounts for a major fraction of daily cholesterol turnover in humans. Biliary secretion of bile acids generates bile flow and facilitates hepatobiliary secretion of lipids, lipophilic metabolites, and xenobiotics. In the intestine, bile acids are essential for the absorption, transport, and metabolism of dietary fats and lipid-soluble vitamins. Extensive research in the last 2 decades has unveiled new functions of bile acids as signaling molecules and metabolic integrators. The bile acid-activated nuclear receptors farnesoid X receptor, pregnane X receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, vitamin D receptor, and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor play critical roles in the regulation of lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism, inflammation, and drug metabolism and detoxification. Bile acid synthesis exhibits a strong diurnal rhythm, which is entrained by fasting and refeeding as well as nutrient status and plays an important role for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Recent research revealed an interaction of liver bile acids and gut microbiota in the regulation of liver metabolism. Circadian disturbance and altered gut microbiota contribute to the pathogenesis of liver diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, and obesity. Bile acids and their derivatives are potential therapeutic agents for treating metabolic diseases of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiangang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (T.L.); and Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio (J.Y.L.C.)
| | - John Y L Chiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (T.L.); and Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio (J.Y.L.C.)
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46
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Abdel-Mohsen M, Deng X, Danesh A, Liegler T, Jacobs ES, Rauch A, Ledergerber B, Norris PJ, Günthard HF, Wong JK, Pillai SK. Role of microRNA modulation in the interferon-α/ribavirin suppression of HIV-1 in vivo. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109220. [PMID: 25275557 PMCID: PMC4183579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-α (IFN-α) treatment suppresses HIV-1 viremia and reduces the size of the HIV-1 latent reservoir. Therefore, investigation of the molecular and immunologic effects of IFN-α may provide insights that contribute to the development of novel prophylactic, therapeutic and curative strategies for HIV-1 infection. In this study, we hypothesized that microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to the IFN-α-mediated suppression of HIV-1. To inform the development of novel miRNA-based antiretroviral strategies, we investigated the effects of exogenous IFN-α treatment on global miRNA expression profile, HIV-1 viremia, and potential regulatory networks between miRNAs and cell-intrinsic anti-HIV-1 host factors in vivo. METHODS Global miRNA expression was examined in longitudinal PBMC samples obtained from seven HIV/HCV-coinfected, antiretroviral therapy-naïve individuals before, during, and after pegylated interferon-α/ribavirin therapy (IFN-α/RBV). We implemented novel hybrid computational-empirical approaches to characterize regulatory networks between miRNAs and anti-HIV-1 host restriction factors. RESULTS miR-422a was the only miRNA significantly modulated by IFN-α/RBV in vivo (p<0.0001, paired t test; FDR<0.037). Our interactome mapping revealed extensive regulatory involvement of miR-422a in p53-dependent apoptotic and pyroptotic pathways. Based on sequence homology and inverse expression relationships, 29 unique miRNAs may regulate anti-HIV-1 restriction factor expression in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The specific reduction of miR-422a is associated with exogenous IFN-α treatment, and likely contributes to the IFN-α suppression of HIV-1 through the enhancement of anti-HIV-1 restriction factor expression and regulation of genes involved in programmed cell death. Moreover, our regulatory network analysis presents additional candidate miRNAs that may be targeted to enhance anti-HIV-1 restriction factor expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Xutao Deng
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ali Danesh
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Teri Liegler
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Evan S. Jacobs
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Andri Rauch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Ledergerber
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philip J. Norris
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Huldrych F. Günthard
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joseph K. Wong
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Satish K. Pillai
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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47
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Meaney S. Epigenetic regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. Front Genet 2014; 5:311. [PMID: 25309573 PMCID: PMC4174035 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although best known as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, cholesterol is a vital component of all mammalian cells. In addition to key structural roles, cholesterol is a vital biochemical precursor for numerous biologically important compounds including oxysterols and bile acids, as well as acting as an activator of critical morphogenic systems (e.g., the Hedgehog system). A variety of sophisticated regulatory mechanisms interact to coordinate the overall level of cholesterol in cells, tissues and the entire organism. Accumulating evidence indicates that in additional to the more “traditional” regulatory schemes, cholesterol homeostasis is also under the control of epigenetic mechanisms such as histone acetylation and DNA methylation. The available evidence supporting a role for these mechanisms in the control of cholesterol synthesis, elimination, transport and storage are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Meaney
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology Dublin, Ireland ; Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology Dublin, Ireland
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Vincent R, Sanyal A. Recent Advances in Understanding of NASH: MicroRNAs as Both Biochemical Markers and Players. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2014; 2:109-115. [PMID: 25574453 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-014-0049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatis (NASH) are becoming the dominant liver diseases in the US and Western World. Extensive work is being done to diagnose, understand, and explore the pathogenesis of these multivariable complex diseases. Recently a new avenue of biologic regulation is being explored. MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs that modulate the expression of multiple genes and have been implicated in multiple diseases. Recently there is a growing body of evidence supporting a significant role of microRNAs in NAFLD pathogenesis and progression to NASH, and hinting at their use as targets, biomarkers and potential therapeutic tools. This review is designed to highlight some of the recent work on a few of the key microRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Vincent
- Virginia Common Wealth University, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology. 1250 West Marshall Richmond VA, 23228
| | - Arun Sanyal
- Virginia Common Wealth University, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology. 1250 West Marshall Richmond VA, 23228
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49
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Peng Y, Yu S, Li H, Xiang H, Peng J, Jiang S. MicroRNAs: emerging roles in adipogenesis and obesity. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1888-96. [PMID: 24844591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious health problem worldwide associated with an increased risk of life-threatening diseases such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and certain types of cancer. Understanding the molecular basis of adipogenesis and fat cell development in obesity is essential to identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the development of anti-obesity drugs. Recent computational and experimental studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) appear to play regulatory roles in many biological processes associated with obesity, including adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. In addition, many miRNAs are dysregulated in metabolic tissues from obese animals and humans, which potentially contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity-associated complications. The discovery of circulating miRNAs has highlighted their potential as both endocrine signaling molecules and disease markers. The potential of miRNA based therapeutics targeting obesity is highlighted as well as recommendations for future research which could lead to a breakthrough in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongdong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanan Li
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Siwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Cao Z, Moore BT, Wang Y, Peng XH, Lappe JM, Recker RR, Xiao P. MiR-422a as a potential cellular microRNA biomarker for postmenopausal osteoporosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97098. [PMID: 24820117 PMCID: PMC4018259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs. Recently, miRNAs have been shown to play important roles in the etiology of various diseases. However, little is known about their roles in the development of osteoporosis. Circulating monocytes are osteoclast precursors that also produce various factors important for osteoclastogenesis. Previously, we have identified a potential biomarker miR-133a in circulating monocytes for postmenopausal osteoporosis. In this study, we aimed to further identify significant miRNA biomarkers in human circulating monocytes underlying postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methodology/Principal Findings We used ABI TaqMan miRNA array followed by qRT-PCR validation in human circulating monocytes from 10 high BMD and 10 low BMD postmenopausal Caucasian women to identify miRNA biomarkers. MiR-422a was up-regulated with marginal significance (P = 0.065) in the low compared with the high BMD group in the array analysis. However, a significant up-regulation of miR-422a was identified in the low BMD group by qRT-PCR analysis (P = 0.029). We also performed bioinformatic target gene analysis and found several potential target genes of miR-422a which are involved in osteoclastogenesis. Further qRT-PCR analyses of the target genes in the same study subjects showed that the expression of five of these genes (CBL, CD226, IGF1, PAG1, and TOB2) correlated negatively with miR-422a expression. Conclusions/Significance Our study suggests that miR-422a in human circulating monocytes (osteoclast precursors) is a potential miRNA biomarker underlying postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Benjamin T. Moore
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Yang Wang
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Xian-Hao Peng
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Joan M. Lappe
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Robert R. Recker
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Peng Xiao
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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