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Yuan B, Mao J, Wang J, Luo S, Luo B. Naringenin mitigates cadmium-induced cell death, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation in KGN cells by regulating the expression of sirtuin-1. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:445-456. [PMID: 38647073 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2023.2288798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the potential protective role of naringenin against the harmful effects induced by cadmium in KGN cell line. Cell viability was evaluated by cell counting kit-8 assay. Caspase-3/-9 activities were determined by caspase-3/-9 activity assay kits, respectively. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was detected by ROS-Glo™ H2O2 Assay, antioxidant capacity was determined by a total antioxidant capacity assay kit. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP level, and ATP synthase activity were determined by JC-1, ATP assay kit, and ATP synthase activity assay kit, respectively. The mRNA expression was determined by qRT-PCR. Cadmium reduced cell viability and increased caspase-3/-9 activities in a concentration-dependent manner. Naringenin improved cell viability and reduced caspase-3/-9 activities in cadmium-stimulated KGN cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Cadmium diminished the antioxidant capacity, increased ROS production, and induced mitochondrial dysfunction in KGN cells. These effects were ameliorated by naringenin treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, naringenin reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in KGN cells exposed to cadmium. SIRT1 knockdown downregulated its expression in KGN cells and compromised the protective effects of naringenin on cell viability and caspase-3/-9 activities in cadmium-stimulated KGN cells. Naringenin prevented the reduction of MMP, ATP levels, and ATP synthase activity in cadmium-stimulated KGN cells in a concentration-dependent manner. However, these protective effects were significantly reversed by SIRT1 knockdown. In conclusion, this study suggests that naringenin protects against cadmium-induced damage by regulating oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and inflammation in KGN cells, with SIRT1 playing a potential mediating role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Yuan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
- Huangshi Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Medicine, Huangshi, China
| | - Junbiao Mao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
- Huangshi Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Medicine, Huangshi, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
- Huangshi Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Medicine, Huangshi, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuhong Luo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
- Huangshi Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Medicine, Huangshi, China
| | - Bingbing Luo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
- Huangshi Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Medicine, Huangshi, China
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Yin Y, Xu J, Ilyas I, Xu S. Bioactive Flavonoids in Protecting Against Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38755351 DOI: 10.1007/164_2024_715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a common cardiovascular disease closely associated with factors such as hyperlipidaemia and chronic inflammation. Among them, endothelial dysfunction serves as a major predisposing factor. Vascular endothelial dysfunction is manifested by impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation, enhanced oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, leukocyte adhesion and hyperpermeability, endothelial senescence, and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). Flavonoids are known for their antioxidant activity, eliminating oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby preventing the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, reducing platelet aggregation, alleviating ischemic damage, and improving vascular function. Flavonoids have also been shown to possess anti-inflammatory activity and to protect the cardiovascular system. This review focuses on the protective effects of these naturally-occuring bioactive flavonoids against the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis through their effects on endothelial cells including, but not limited to, their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, and lipid-lowering properties. However, more clinical evidences are still needed to determine the exact role and optimal dosage of these compounds in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Iqra Ilyas
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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3
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Rahib A, Karhib MM, Nasr HM, El-Sayed RA, Abdel-Daim MM, Jebur AB, El-Demerdash FM. Citrus reticulata peel extract mitigates oxidative stress and liver injury induced by abamectin in rats. Tissue Cell 2024; 87:102321. [PMID: 38350206 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The prevalent use of abamectin (ABM) has latterly raised safety attention as it has different toxicities to non-target living organisms. Citrus fruits are widely renowned for their nutritional and health-promoting qualities, and their peels are full of phenolic constituents. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the modulatory effectiveness of Citrus reticulata peel extract (CPE) against abamectin-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative injury. Rats were distributed into 4 groups as follows: control, CPE (400 mg/kg bw orally for 14 days), ABM (2 mg/kg bw for 5 days), and CPE + ABM at the doses mentioned above. Results revealed that GC-MS analysis of CPE has 19 identified components with significant total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Treatment with ABM in rats displayed significant variations in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, oxidative stress markers (MDA, H2O2, PCC), liver and kidney function biomarkers, hematological parameters, lipids, and protein profile as well as histopathological abnormalities, inflammation and apoptosis (TNF-α, Caspase-3, NF-κB, and Bcl-2 genes) in rats' liver. Supplementation of CPE solo dramatically improved the antioxidant state and reduced oxidative stress. C. reticulata peel extract pretreatment alleviated ABM toxicity by modulating most of the tested parameters compared to the ABM group. Conclusively, CPE had potent antioxidant activity and could be used in the modulation of ABM hepatotoxicity presumably due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and gene-regulating capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Rahib
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mustafa M Karhib
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, College of Health and Medical Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University, 51001 Hillah, Babylon, Iraq.
| | - Hoda M Nasr
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
| | - Raghda A El-Sayed
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231 Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Ali B Jebur
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Kerbala, Kerbala 56001, Iraq.
| | - Fatma M El-Demerdash
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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4
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Pan T, Lee YM, Takimoto E, Ueda K, Liu PY, Shen HH. Inhibitory effects of naringenin on estrogen deficiency-induced obesity via regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and AMPK activation associated with white adipose tissue browning. Life Sci 2024; 340:122453. [PMID: 38272439 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Post-ovariectomy (OVX) changes in hormones induce obesity and white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation. Increased energy expenditure via WAT browning is a novel therapeutic strategy for treating obesity. Naringenin (NAR) reduces inflammation and lipogenesis in obesity and attenuates estrogen deficiency-associated metabolic disorders; however, its role in WAT browning remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated NAR ability to inhibit estrogen deficiency-associated obesity in vivo using a rat model and in vitro using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. KEY FINDINGS NAR significantly decreased the body weight and WAT mass of rats. O2 consumption, CO2 production, and energy expenditure were significantly lower in the OVX group than in the sham group, but NAR treatment reversed these effects of OVX. NAR treatment markedly improved glucose intolerance and lipid profiles as well as leptin, adiponectin, and irisin levels. NAR upregulated markers of browning and mitochondrial biogenesis in inguinal WAT. Moreover, it enhanced markers of mitochondrial fusion and inhibited fission via activating the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. Similar results were observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, NAR-induced mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion were suppressed by dorsomorphin (an AMP-activated protein kinase inhibitor). SIGNIFICANCE NAR alleviates obesity and metabolic dysfunction through the induction of WAT browning achieved via the modulation of AMP-activated protein kinase-regulated mitochondrial dynamics in WATs. NAR supplementation may therefore represent a potential intervention for preventing postmenopausal adipose tissue dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Pan
- Graduate Institute and Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Mei Lee
- Graduate Institute and Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eiki Takimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kazutaka Ueda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pang-Yen Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Hsueh Shen
- Graduate Institute and Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Xie R, Zhang Y. Associations between dietary flavonoid intake with hepatic steatosis and fibrosis quantified by VCTE: Evidence from NHANES and FNDDS. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1179-1189. [PMID: 36964061 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Flavonoids are natural products of plant origin and have been shown to be beneficial for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in animal studies. However, relevant epidemiological evidence is still lacking, and the relationship between flavonoid and subclass intake with quantified hepatic steatosis and fibrosis has not been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS This study was based on the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) expanded flavonoid intake database and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018 and included a total of 4113 participants with vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) data. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess linear relationships between flavonoids and hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Smoothed curve fit and a generalized additive model were used to investigate the non-linear relationship, and a two-tailed linear regression model was used to find potential inflection points. Of the 4113 participants, 1045 (25.41%) were diagnosed with NAFLD. After adjusting for energy and major non-dietary covariates, significant linear negative correlations were observed between total flavonoids and CAP [-1.53 (-2.59, -0.47)] and LSM [-0.17 (-0.27, -0.07)]. After adjusting for all covariates, flavones had the strongest and most significant negative association with hepatic steatosis [-1.98 (-3.79, -0.17)]. The results of smooth curve fitting and subgroup analysis demonstrated gender differences, and threshold effect analysis further identified a U-shaped relationship and inflection point between flavonoid intake and hepatic steatosis (infection point: 287.25 mg/d). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest negative associations between flavonoid and subclass intake with hepatic steatosis and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Xie
- Department of Microsurgery, University of South China Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang, China; Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Gland Surgery, University of South China Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang, China.
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Mawatari K, Koike N, Nohara K, Wirianto M, Uebanso T, Shimohata T, Shikishima Y, Miura H, Nii Y, Burish MJ, Yagita K, Takahashi A, Yoo SH, Chen Z. The Polymethoxyflavone Sudachitin Modulates the Circadian Clock and Improves Liver Physiology. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200270. [PMID: 36829302 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) are a group of natural compounds known to display a wide array of beneficial effects to promote physiological fitness. Recent studies reveal circadian clocks as an important cellular mechanism mediating preventive efficacy of the major PMF Nobiletin against metabolic disorders. Sudachitin is a PMF enriched in Citrus sudachi, and its functions and mechanism of action are poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS Using circadian reporter cells, it shows that Sudachitin modulates circadian amplitude and period of Bmal1 promoter-driven reporter rhythms, and real-time qPCR analysis shows that Sudachitin alters expression of core clock genes, notably Bmal1, at both transcript and protein levels. Mass-spec analysis reveals systemic exposure in vivo. In mice fed with high-fat diet with or without Sudachitin, it observes increased nighttime activity and daytime sleep, accompanied by significant metabolic improvements in a circadian time-dependent manner, including respiratory quotient, blood lipid and glucose profiles, and liver physiology. Focusing on liver, RNA-sequencing and metabolomic analyses reveal prevalent diurnal alteration in both gene expression and metabolite accumulation. CONCLUSION This study elucidates Sudachitin as a new clock-modulating PMF with beneficial effects to improve diurnal metabolic homeostasis and liver physiology, suggesting the circadian clock as a fundamental mechanism to safeguard physiological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Mawatari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Nobuya Koike
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazunari Nohara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marvin Wirianto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Takashi Uebanso
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takaaki Shimohata
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shikishima
- Ikeda Yakusou Corporation, 1808-1 Shuzunakatsu, Ikeda-cho, Miyoshi-city, Tokushima, 778-0020, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miura
- Ikeda Yakusou Corporation, 1808-1 Shuzunakatsu, Ikeda-cho, Miyoshi-city, Tokushima, 778-0020, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nii
- Food and Biotechnology Division, Tokushima Prefectural Industrial Technology Center, 11-2 Nishibari, Saika-cho, Tokushima, 770-8021, Japan
| | - Mark J Burish
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Yagita
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Xiao G, Hu Z, Jia C, Yang M, Li D, Xu A, Jiang J, Chen Z, Li Y, Li S, Chen W, Zhang J, Bi X. Deciphering the mechanisms of Yinlan Tiaozhi capsule in treating hyperlipidemia by combining network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental verification. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6424. [PMID: 37076581 PMCID: PMC10115829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33673-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Yinlan Tiaozhi capsule (YLTZC) has been widely used to treat hyperlipidemia (HLP). However, its material basis and underlying pharmacological effects remain unclean. The current study aimed to explore the mechanisms involved in the treatment of YLTZC on HLP based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental verification. Firstly, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was used to comprehensively analyze and identify the chemical constituents in YLTZC. A total of 66 compounds, mainly including flavonoids, saponins, coumarins, lactones, organic acids, and limonin were characterized and classified. Simultaneously, the mass fragmentation pattern of different types of representative compounds was further explored. By network pharmacology analysis, naringenin and ferulic acid may be the core constituents. The 52 potential targets of YLTZC, including ALB, IL-6, TNF, and VEGFA, were considered potential therapeutic targets. Molecular docking results showed that the core active constituents of YLTZC (naringenin and ferulic acid) have a strong affinity with the core targets of HLP. Lastly, animal experiments confirmed that naringenin and ferulic acid significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of ALB and downregulated the mRNA expression of IL-6, TNF, and VEGFA. In sum, the constituents of YLTZC, such as naringenin and ferulic acid, might treat HLP by regulating the mechanism of angiogenesis and inhibiting inflammatory responses. Furthermore, our data fills the gap in the material basis of YLTZC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlin Xiao
- Guangdong Province Engineering and Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Hu
- Guangdong Province Engineering and Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Canchao Jia
- School of the Fifth Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjuan Yang
- School of the Fifth Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Li
- School of the Fifth Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Aili Xu
- Guangdong Province Engineering and Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieyi Jiang
- Guangdong Province Engineering and Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Guangdong Province Engineering and Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangxue Li
- Guangdong Province Engineering and Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sumei Li
- Guangdong Province Engineering and Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weitao Chen
- Guangdong Province Engineering and Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingnian Zhang
- Guangdong Province Engineering and Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Bi
- Guangdong Province Engineering and Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Qiu M, Wei W, Zhang J, Wang H, Bai Y, Guo DA. A Scientometric Study to a Critical Review on Promising Anticancer and Neuroprotective Compounds: Citrus Flavonoids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030669. [PMID: 36978916 PMCID: PMC10045114 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids derived from citrus plants are favored by phytomedicinal researchers due to their wide range of biological activities, and relevant studies have been sustained for 67 years (since the first paper published in 1955). In terms of a scientometric and critical review, the scientometrics of related papers, chemical structures, and pharmacological action of citrus flavonoids were comprehensively summarized. The modern pharmacological effects of citrus flavonoids are primarily focused on their anticancer activities (such as breast cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, and liver cancer), neuroprotective effects (such as anti-Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease), and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, the therapeutic mechanism of cancers (including inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, and inhibiting cancer metastasis), neuroprotective effects (including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory), and metabolic diseases (such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus) were summarized and discussed. We anticipate that this review could provide an essential reference for anti-cancer and neuroprotective research of citrus flavonoids and provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of citrus flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenlong Wei
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hanze Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuxin Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - De-an Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence:
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9
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Chemical synthesis of oligosaccharides and their application in new drug research. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115164. [PMID: 36758451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides are the ubiquitous molecules of life. In order to translate human bioglycosylation into clinical applications, homogeneous samples of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates can be obtained by chemical, enzymatic or other biological methods for systematic studies. However, the structural complexity and diversity of glycans and their conjugates present a major challenge for the synthesis of such molecules. This review summarizes the chemical synthesis methods of oligosaccharides, the application of oligosaccharides in the field of medicinal chemistry according to their related biological activities, and shows the great prospect of oligosaccharides in the field of pharmaceutical chemistry.
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Wei M, Li F, Guo K, Yang T. Exploring the Active Compounds of Traditional Mongolian Medicine Baolier Capsule (BLEC) in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Based on Network Pharmacology Analysis, Molecular Docking and Experimental Validation. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:459-476. [PMID: 36819991 PMCID: PMC9938670 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s395207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Baolier Capsule (BLEC) is a Traditional Mongolian Medicine comprising fifteen herbs. This study aims to illustrate the synergistic mechanism of BLEC in the treatment of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) by using network pharmacology method, molecular docking and experimental validation. Methods Searching and screening the active ingredients of different herbs in BLEC and target genes related to CAD in multiple databases. Subsequently, Protein-Protein Interactions Network (PPI-Net), gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment were used to identify the key targets. AutoDock was used to verify the binding ability between the active ingredient and key target through molecular docking. Reverse Transcription-Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to verify the effect of active ingredient of BLEC on the key target gene. Finally, effect of BLEC on the degree of blood lipids and atherosclerosis was validated by animal experiment. Results There are 144 active components and 80 CAD-related targets that are identified in BLEC in the treatment of CAD. What is more, 8 core genes were obtained by clustering and topological analysis of PPI-Net. Further, GO and KEGG analysis showed that fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis are the key pathways for BLEC to treat CAD. These results were validated by molecular docking method. In vitro, active compounds of BLEC (Quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, naringenin, tanshinone IIA, β-carotene, 7-O-methylisomucronulatol, piperine, isorhamnetin and Xyloidone) can inhibit 8 core gene (AKT1, EGFR, FOS, MAPK1, MAPK14, STAT3, TP53 and VEGFA) expression. Moreover, BLEC not only improve blood lipid levels but also inhibit the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE-knockout mice. Conclusion Our research first revealed the basic pharmacological effects and related mechanisms of in the treatment of CAD. The predicted results provide some theoretical support for BLEC or its important active ingredients to treat CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiu Wei
- Intensive Care Unit, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Zhongshan, 528400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengjin Li
- Department of Gynecology, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, 36400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510000, People’s Republic of China,Department of Emergency, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Kai Guo; Tianxiao Yang, Email ;
| | - Tianxiao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255000, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Li W, Xu X, Wang S, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang T. Development of a UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of atorvastatin, 2-hydroxy atorvastatin, and naringenin in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic interaction studies. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5515. [PMID: 36189913 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that the combination therapy of atorvastatin (ATV) with naringenin (NG) can offer meaningful benefits in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, while decreasing adverse side effects. To investigate whether there are pharmacokinetic interactions among ATV, its metabolite 2-hydroxy atorvastatin (2-ATV), and NG, in the current study, we developed and validated a simple, rapid, and specific UPLC-MS/MS method to simultaneously determine the concentrations of these analytes in the rat plasma. Sample preparation was performed using simple protein precipitation. Chromatographic analysis was carried out on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (1.7 μm, 2.1 × 100 mm) using gradient elution mode, and these three analytes were detected using a Xevo® TQD triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer, in the positive ion electrospray ionization interface. The developed method showed good linearity over the following concentrations in rat plasma samples: 3-1200 ng/ml (r = 0.9965) for ATV, 1.5-600 ng/ml (r = 0.9934) for 2-ATV, and 3-1200 ng/ml (r = 0.9964) for NG. The assays were validated and satisfied the acceptance criteria recommended by U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Upon successful application of the method to a pharmacokinetic interaction study, the results indicated that NG significantly enhanced the bioavailability of ATV and 2-ATV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,College of Pharmacy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xiaolan Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Simeng Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingchao Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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12
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Zou J, Wang J, Ye W, Lu J, Li C, Zhang D, Ye W, Xu S, Chen C, Liu P, Liu Z. Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi): A multi-efficacy pericarp in treating cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113626. [PMID: 36058153 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) has been utilized as a versatile medicinal herb with wide cardiovascular benefits in Asian nations for centuries. Accumulating evidence suggests that CRP and its components are effective in preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and hypertension. Studies show that the two most bioactive components of CRP are flavonoids and volatile oils. The cardiovascular protective effects of CRP have attracted considerable research interest due to its hypolipidemic, antiplatelet activity, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Hereby, we provide a rigorous and up-to-date overview of the cardiovascular protective properties and the potential molecular targets of CRP, and finally highlight the pharmacokinetics and the therapeutic potential of the main pharmacologically active components of CRP to treat CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiami Zou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 511436 Guangzhou, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, 525000 Guangdong, China
| | - Weile Ye
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chengzhi Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Wencai Ye
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, 525000 Guangdong, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 511436 Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Majdan M, Bobrowska-Korczak B. Active Compounds in Fruits and Inflammation in the Body. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122496. [PMID: 35745226 PMCID: PMC9229651 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, diabetes, asthma, and cancer. An appropriate diet and the active compounds contained in it can affect various stages of the inflammatory process and significantly affect the course of inflammatory diseases. Recent reports indicate that polyphenolic acids, vitamins, minerals, and other components of fruits may exhibit activity stimulating an anti-inflammatory response, which may be of importance in maintaining health and reducing the risk of disease. The article presents the latest data on the chemical composition of fruits and the health benefits arising from their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The chemical composition of fruits determines their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but the mechanisms of action are not fully understood.
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14
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Yan S, Chen J, Zhu L, Guo T, Qin D, Hu Z, Han S, Zhou Y, Akan OD, Wang J, Luo F, Lin Q. Oryzanol Attenuates High Fat and Cholesterol Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia by Regulating the Gut Microbiome and Amino Acid Metabolism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6429-6443. [PMID: 35587527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is intricately associated with the dysregulation of gut microbiota and host metabolomes. This study explored the antihyperlipidemic function of oryzanol and investigated whether the function of oryzanol affected the gut microbiome and its related metabolites. Hamsters were fed a standard diet (Control) and a high fat and cholesterol (HFCD) diet with or without oryzanol, separately. Our results showed that oryzanol significantly decreased HFCD-induced fat accumulation, serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), LDL-c/HDL-c ratio, triglyceride, and liver steatohepatitis, attenuated HFCD-induced gut microbiota alterations, and altered amino acid concentrations in feces and the liver. We investigated the role of the gut microbiota in the observed beneficial effects; the protective effects of oryzanol were partly diminished by suppressing the gut bacteria of hamsters after using antibiotics. A fecal microbiota transplantation experiment was carried out by transplanting the feces from HFCD group hamsters or hamsters given oryzanol supplementation (as a donor hamster). Our results showed that administering the fecal liquid from oryzanol-treated hamsters attenuated HFCD-induced hyperlipidemia, significantly decreased the abundance of norank_f__Erysipelotrichaceae, norank_f__Eubacteriaceae, and norank_f__Oscillospiraceae and the concentration of tyrosine. These outcomes are significantly positively correlated with serum lipid concentration. This study illustrated that gut microbiota is the target of oryzanol in the antihyperlipidemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jihong Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Tianyi Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Dandan Qin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Zuomin Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Shuai Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Otobang Donald Akan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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15
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The Potent Phytoestrogen 8-Prenylnaringenin: A Friend or a Foe? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063168. [PMID: 35328588 PMCID: PMC8953904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN) is a prenylated flavonoid, occurring, in particular, in hop, but also in other plants. It has proven to be one of the most potent phytoestrogens in vitro known to date, and in the past 20 years, research has unveiled new effects triggered by it in biological systems. These findings have aroused the hopes, expectations, and enthusiasm of a “wonder-drug” for a host of human diseases. However, the majority of 8-PN effects require such high concentrations that they cannot be reached by normal dietary exposure, only pharmacologically; thus, adverse impacts may also emerge. Here, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review on this fascinating compound, with special reference to the range of beneficial and untoward health consequences that may ensue from exposure to it.
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16
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Ali SA, Gooda SM, Aboul Naser AF, Younis EA, Hamed MA, Ahmed YR, Farghaly AA, Khalil WKB, Rizk MZ. Chromosomal aberrations, DNA damage and biochemical disturbances induced by silver nanoparticles in mice: Role of particle size and natural compounds treatment. Biomarkers 2022; 27:349-360. [PMID: 35254184 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2046856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nanotechnology is widely used nowadays in several fields of industry, engineering, and medicine, the biological action mechanisms of AgNPs, which mainly involve the release of silver ions (Ag+), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). OBJECTIVE The potential toxicity AgNPs of damages to hepatic cells, hesperidin, and naringin role for their protective effect against the increase of ROS due to AgNPs toxicity. They can be restored, most cellular biochemical parameters, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and histopathological analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Toxicity was induced by an oral dose of Ag NPs of (20-100 nm) for one month, after that treated with hesperidin, naringin (100 mg/kg) for three weeks, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH) and catalase were estimated. Also, aminotransferases (AST and ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), albumin, and total bilirubin were determined, following Chromosomal aberrations, DNA breaks and histological analyses. RESULTS hesperidin, and naringin treatment, recorded amelioration in most biochemical, genetic and spermatogenesis disturbances Also, histological Investigations were improved. CONCLUSION Their biological safety problems such as potential toxicity on cells, tissue, and organs should be paid enough attention, hesperidin and naringin amelioration fundamental alterations, as hepatic architectural and DNA damage, related to its role as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa A Ali
- Departmen of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samar M Gooda
- Departmen of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Aboul Naser
- Departmen of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman A Younis
- Departmen of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal A Hamed
- Departmen of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yomna R Ahmed
- Departmen of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Farghaly
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Research Centre (NRC), El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wagdy K B Khalil
- Genetics and Cytology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt on National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha Z Rizk
- Departmen of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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17
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Waiz M, Alvi SS, Khan MS. Potential dual inhibitors of PCSK-9 and HMG-R from natural sources in cardiovascular risk management. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:47-76. [PMID: 35221836 PMCID: PMC8859648 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-4453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) stands amongst the leading causes of mortality worldwide and has attracted the attention of world's leading pharmaceutical companies in order to tackle such mortalities. The low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is considered the most prominent biomarker for the assessment of ASCVD risk. Distinct inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-R), the chief hepatic cholesterogenic enzyme, are being used since last seven decades to manage hypercholesterolemia. On the other hand, discovery and the association of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK-9) with increased ASCVD risk have established PCSK-9 as a novel therapeutic target in cardiovascular medicine. PCSK-9 is well reckoned to facilitate the LDL-receptor (LDL-R) degradation and compromised LDL-C clearance leading to the arterial atherosclerotic plaque formation. The currently available HMG-R inhibitors (statins) and PCSK-9 inhibitors (siRNA, anti-sense oligonucleotides, and monoclonal antibodies) have shown great promises in achieving LDL-C lowering goals, however, their life long prescriptions have raised significant concerns. These deficits associated with the synthetic HMG-R and PCSK-9 inhibitors called for the discovery of alternative therapeutic candidates with potential dual HMG-R and PCSK-9 inhibitory activities from natural origins. Therefore, this report firstly describes the mechanistic insights into the cholesterol homeostasis through HMG-R, PCSK-9, and LDL-R functionality and then compiles the pharmacological effects of natural secondary metabolites with special emphasis on their dual HMG-R and PCSK-9 inhibitory action. In conclusion, various natural products exhibit atheroprotective effects via targeting HMG-R and PCSK-9 activities and lipoprotein metabolism, however, further clinical assessments are still warranted prior their approval for ASCVD risk management in hypercholesterolemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Waiz
- IIRC-5, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
| | - Sahir Sultan Alvi
- IIRC-5, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
| | - M Salman Khan
- IIRC-5, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
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18
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Jia Y, Zhang L, Liu Z, Mao C, Ma Z, Li W, Yu F, Wang Y, Huang Y, Zhang W, Zheng J, Wang X, Xu Q, Zhang J, Feng W, Yun C, Liu C, Sun J, Fu Y, Cui Q, Kong W. Targeting macrophage TFEB-14-3-3 epsilon Interface by naringenin inhibits abdominal aortic aneurysm. Cell Discov 2022; 8:21. [PMID: 35228523 PMCID: PMC8885854 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a lethal cardiovascular disease, and there is no proven drug treatment for this condition. In this study, by using the Connectivity Map (CMap) approach, we explored naringenin, a naturally occurring citrus flavonoid, as a putative agent for inhibiting AAA. We then validated the prediction with two independent mouse models of AAA, calcium phosphate (CaPO4)-induced C57BL/6J mice and angiotensin II-infused ApoE−/− mice. Naringenin effectively blocked the formation of AAAs and the progression of established AAAs. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is the master regulator of lysosome biogenesis. Intriguingly, the protective role of naringenin on AAA was abolished by macrophage-specific TFEB depletion in mice. Unbiased interactomics, combined with isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and cellular thermal shift assays (CETSAs), further revealed that naringenin is directly bound to 14-3-3 epsilon blocked the TFEB-14-3-3 epsilon interaction, and therefore promoted TFEB nuclear translocation and activation. On one hand, naringenin activated lysosome-dependent inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome and repressed aneurysmal inflammation. On the other hand, naringenin induced TFEB-dependent transcriptional activation of GATA3, IRF4, and STAT6 and therefore promoted reparative M2 macrophage polarization. In summary, naturally derived naringenin or macrophage TFEB activation shows promising efficacy for the treatment of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chenfeng Mao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yingbao Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jingang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, Kings College London BHF Centre, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Medicinal Chemistry & Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Feng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caihong Yun
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanju Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinpeng Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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Hussien Abou Baker D, Ahmed Ibrahim E, Abd El-Rhaman Salama Z. Citrus Peels as a Source of Bioactive Compounds with Industrial and Therapeutic Applications. PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS - CHEMISTRY, SYNTHESIS, DIVERSITY, NON-CONVENTIONAL INDUSTRIAL, PHARMACEUTICAL AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.99591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture wastes are considered a good starting point to discover for new drugs all over the world. In this context, Agriculture wastes contain millions of compounds to be screened to find bioactive compounds responsible for the activity to be used in drugs. Citrus agriculture is one of the most important commercial and industrial agricultural activities in the world. The peel waste of Citrus species is a rich source of bioactive compounds such as essential oils, flavones, polyphenols, and pigment. Citrus peel has been widely used in the medicine industry. The waste peel of citrus consider a rich source of pharmacologically active metabolites with antioxidant activities.
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20
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Talpo TC, Motta BP, Oliveira JOD, Figueiredo ID, Pinheiro CG, dos Santos CHC, Carvalho MGD, Brunetti IL, Baviera AM. Siolmatra brasiliensis stem extract ameliorates antioxidant defenses and mitigates glycoxidative stress in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Obes Res Clin Pract 2022; 16:130-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Morrow NM, Trzaskalski NA, Hanson AA, Fadzeyeva E, Telford DE, Chhoker SS, Sutherland BG, Edwards JY, Huff MW, Mulvihill EE. Nobiletin Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Dysregulation of Intestinal Lipid Metabolism and Attenuates Postprandial Lipemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:127-144. [PMID: 34911361 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nobiletin is a dietary flavonoid that improves insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in mice with metabolic dysfunction. Dysregulation of intestinal lipoprotein metabolism contributes to atherogenesis. The objective of the study was to determine if nobiletin targets the intestine to improve metabolic dysregulation in both male and female mice. Approach and Results: Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) secretion, intracellular triglyceride kinetics, and intestinal morphology were determined in male and female LDL (low-density lipoprotein) receptor knockout (Ldlr-/-), and male wild-type mice fed a standard laboratory diet or high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet ± nobiletin using an olive oil gavage, radiotracers, and electron microscopy. Nobiletin attenuated postprandial TRL levels in plasma and enhanced TRL clearance. Nobiletin reduced fasting jejunal triglyceride accumulation through accelerated TRL secretion and lower jejunal fatty acid synthesis with no impact on fatty acid oxidation. Fasting-refeeding experiments revealed that nobiletin led to higher levels of phosphorylated AKT (protein kinase B) and FoxO1 (forkhead box O1) and normal Srebf1c expression indicating increased insulin sensitivity. Intestinal length and weight were diminished by HFHC feeding and restored by nobiletin. Both fasting and postprandial plasma GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1; and likely GLP-2) were elevated in response to nobiletin. Treatment with a GLP-2 receptor antagonist, GLP-2(3-33), reduced villus length in HFHC-fed mice but did not impact TRL secretion in any diet group. In contrast to males, nobiletin did not improve postprandial lipid parameters in female mice. CONCLUSIONS Nobiletin opposed the effects of the HFHC diet by normalizing intestinal de novo lipogenesis through improved insulin sensitivity. Nobiletin prevents postprandial lipemia because the enhanced TRL clearance more than compensates for increased TRL secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadya M Morrow
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute (N.M.M., D.E.T., S.S.C., B.G.S., J.Y.E., M.W.H.), The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry (N.M.M., S.S.C., M.W.H.), The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- The University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (N.M.M., N.A.T., A.A.H., E.F., E.E.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, ON (N.M.M., N.A.T., A.A.H., E.F., E.E.M.)
| | - Natasha A Trzaskalski
- The University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (N.M.M., N.A.T., A.A.H., E.F., E.E.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, ON (N.M.M., N.A.T., A.A.H., E.F., E.E.M.)
| | - Antonio A Hanson
- The University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (N.M.M., N.A.T., A.A.H., E.F., E.E.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, ON (N.M.M., N.A.T., A.A.H., E.F., E.E.M.)
| | - Evgenia Fadzeyeva
- The University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (N.M.M., N.A.T., A.A.H., E.F., E.E.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, ON (N.M.M., N.A.T., A.A.H., E.F., E.E.M.)
| | - Dawn E Telford
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute (N.M.M., D.E.T., S.S.C., B.G.S., J.Y.E., M.W.H.), The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Medicine (D.E.T., J.Y.E., M.W.H.), The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Sanjiv S Chhoker
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute (N.M.M., D.E.T., S.S.C., B.G.S., J.Y.E., M.W.H.), The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry (N.M.M., S.S.C., M.W.H.), The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Brian G Sutherland
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute (N.M.M., D.E.T., S.S.C., B.G.S., J.Y.E., M.W.H.), The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Jane Y Edwards
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute (N.M.M., D.E.T., S.S.C., B.G.S., J.Y.E., M.W.H.), The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Medicine (D.E.T., J.Y.E., M.W.H.), The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Murray W Huff
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute (N.M.M., D.E.T., S.S.C., B.G.S., J.Y.E., M.W.H.), The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry (N.M.M., S.S.C., M.W.H.), The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Medicine (D.E.T., J.Y.E., M.W.H.), The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Erin E Mulvihill
- The University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (N.M.M., N.A.T., A.A.H., E.F., E.E.M.)
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (E.E.M)
- Montreal Diabetes Research Group, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (E.E.M)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, ON (N.M.M., N.A.T., A.A.H., E.F., E.E.M.)
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Targeting the T-type calcium channel Cav3.2 in GABAergic arcuate nucleus neurons to treat obesity. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101391. [PMID: 34767997 PMCID: PMC8640109 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cav3.2, a T-type low voltage-activated calcium channel widely expressed throughout the central nervous system, plays a vital role in neuronal excitability and various physiological functions. However, the effects of Cav3.2 on energy homeostasis remain unclear. Here, we examined the role of Cav3.2 expressed by hypothalamic GABAergic neurons in the regulation of food intake and body weight in mice and explored the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Male congenital Cana1h (the gene coding for Cav3.2) global knockout (Cav3.2KO) mice and their wild type (WT) littermates were first used for metabolic phenotyping studies. By using the CRISPR-Cas9 technique, Cav3.2 was selectively deleted from GABAergic neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH) by specifically overexpressing Cas9 protein and Cav3.2-targeting sgRNAs in ARH Vgat (VgatARH) neurons. These male mutants (Cav3.2KO-VgatARH) were used to determine whether Cav3.2 expressed by VgatARH neurons is required for the proper regulation of energy balance. Subsequently, we used an electrophysiological patch-clamp recording in ex vivo brain slices to explore the impact of Cav3.2KO on the cellular excitability of VgatARH neurons. RESULTS Male Cav3.2KO mice had significantly lower food intake than their WT littermate controls when fed with either a normal chow diet (NCD) or a high-fat diet (HFD). This hypophagia phenotype was associated with increased energy expenditure and decreased fat mass, lean mass, and total body weight. Selective deletion of Cav3.2 in VgatARH neurons resulted in similar feeding inhibition and lean phenotype without changing energy expenditure. These data provides an intrinsic mechanism to support the previous finding on ARH non-AgRP GABA neurons in regulating diet-induced obesity. Lastly, we found that naringenin extract, a predominant flavanone found in various fruits and herbs and known to act on Cav3.2, decreased the firing activity of VgatARH neurons and reduced food intake and body weight. These naringenin-induced inhibitions were fully blocked in Cav3.2KO-VgatARH mice. CONCLUSION Our results identified Cav3.2 expressed by VgatARH neurons as an essential intrinsic modulator for food intake and energy homeostasis, which is a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of obesity.
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Shikishima Y, Tsutsumi R, Kawakami A, Miura H, Nii Y, Sakaue H. Sudachi peel extract powder including the polymethoxylated flavone sudachitin improves visceral fat content in individuals at risk for developing diabetes. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:4076-4084. [PMID: 34401059 PMCID: PMC8358332 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro and animal studies have indicated that extracts from the peel of the Japanese Citrus sudachi, including sudachitin, ameliorate hyperlipidemia and reduce obesity. Sudachitin, a polymethoxylated flavone, has been reported as having favorable effects on lipid and glucose metabolism but results from clinical trials have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of consuming capsules of sudachi peel extract powder on visceral fat in Japanese men and women in a randomized controlled trial. This was a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 41 participants aged 30-65 years with BMI 23-30 kg/m2, randomly allocated to receive either sudachi peel extract powder (sudachitin 4.9 mg/day, n = 21) or placebo (n = 20) of identical appearance. The primary outcome measure was visceral fat mass, assessed during intervention. Thirty-eight of the 41 subjects completed the protocol. Compared with placebo, sudachi peel extract powder significantly reduced the ratio of visceral fat to subcutaneous fat, and moderately reduced waist circumference, a metabolic syndrome marker. Glycemic control and lipid profile were not changed significantly in these subjects. Consumption of capsules of sudachi peel extract powder favorably improves the ratio of visceral fat to subcutaneous fat in individuals at risk for developing diabetes, especially in individuals with large visceral fat area, while not adversely affecting glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rie Tsutsumi
- Department of Nutrition and MetabolismInstitute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Ayuka Kawakami
- Department of Nutrition and MetabolismInstitute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | | | - Yoshitaka Nii
- Food and Biotechnology DivisionTokushima Industrial Technology CenterTokushimaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Sakaue
- Department of Nutrition and MetabolismInstitute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
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Yao J, Wang Z, Wang R, Wang Y, Xu J, He X. Anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory prenylated isoflavones and coumaronochromones from the fruits of Ficus altissima. Bioorg Chem 2021; 64:2893-900. [PMID: 34038794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Ficus altissima, an evergreen arbor belonging to the Moraceae family, is mainly cultivated in the tropics and subtropics of South and Southeast Asia with the characteristic of exuberant vitality and luxuriant foliage. In this article, four new prenylated isoflavones (1-4), along with ten previously described isoflavones (5-14) and two known prenylated coumaronochromones (15 and 16) were firstly obtained from the fruits of F. altissima. Their structures were identified by various spectroscopic techniques including specific optical rotation, HR-ESI-MS and NMR. The isolated products were evaluated for their anti-proliferative activities against three human tumor cell lines (HepG2, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) through MTT assay. Compounds 2, 3 and 16 exhibited obvious anti-proliferative activities against MDA-MB-231 cell line and compounds 3, 13 and 16 showed effective cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cell line in a concentration-dependent manner, as verified by the colony formation assay, cell and nucleus morphological assessment and apoptosis assay. Meanwhile, compounds 5 and 12 exhibited significant inhibition activities on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell line compared with positive control indometacin. The phytochemical investigation of the fruits of F. altissima in this study could provide the evidence for the discovery of lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yihai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jingwen Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiangjiu He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Wang X, Cao Y, Chen S, Lin J, Bian J, Huang D. Anti-Inflammation Activity of Flavones and Their Structure-Activity Relationship. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7285-7302. [PMID: 34160206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flavones are an important class of bioactive constituents in foods, and their structural diversity enables them to interact with different targets. In particular, flavones are known for their anti-inflammatory activity. Herein, we summarized commonly applied in vitro, in vivo, and clinical models in testing anti-inflammatory activity of flavones. The anti-inflammatory structure-activity relationship of flavones was systematically mapped and supported with cross comparisons of that with flavanones, flavanols, and isoflavones. Hydroxyl groups (-OH) are indispensable for the anti-inflammatory function of flavones, and -OH at the C-5 and C-4' positions enhance while -OH at the C-6, C-7, C-8, and C-3' positions attenuate their activity. Moreover, the C2-C3 single bond, -OH at the C-3 and B-ring positions undermine flavone aglycones' activity. Most of the flavone aglycones function through NF-κB, MAPK, and JNK-STAT pathways, and their possible cell binding targets are kinase, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), G-protein coupled receptors, and estrogen receptors. However, the structure and anti-inflammatory activity relationship of flavones were unclear, and further research shall be conducted to close the gap in order to guide development of evidence-based functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542
| | - Yujia Cao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542
| | - Jiachen Lin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542
| | - Jinsong Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Dejian Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, Suzhou 215123, PR China
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Effects of citronellol grafted chitosan oligosaccharide derivatives on regulating anti-inflammatory activity. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 262:117972. [PMID: 33838788 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the anti-inflammatory activity of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), chitosan oligosaccharide graft citronellol derivatives (COS-g-Cit1-3) were successfully synthesized via grafting citronellol (Cit) onto COS backbone. The degrees of substitution (DS) of COS-g-Cit1-3 were 0.165, 0.199 and 0.182, respectively. The structure of COS-g-Cit1-3 was confirmed by UV-vis, FT-IR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity evaluation results displayed that COS-g-Cit1-3 drastically reduced the paw swelling, and the oedema inhibitions were 22.58 %, 29.03 % and 25.81 %, respectively. The results indicated that the anti-inflammatory effects of COS-g-Cit1-3 were significantly higher than COS and COS-g-Cit2 exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory ability. The results also presented that COS-g-Cit1-3 reduced the expression levels of TNF-α by promoting the secretion of IL-4 and IL-10. Moreover, western blot analysis data proved that COS-g-Cit1-3 inactivated the NF-κB signaling pathway via inhibiting the phosphorylation of p65, IKBα and IKKβ.
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Santana MS, Lopes R, Peron IH, Cruz CR, Gaspar AM, Costa PI. Natural Bioactive Compounds as Adjuvant Therapy for Hepatitis C Infection. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401316999201009152726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Hepatitis C virus infection is a significant global health burden, which
causes acute or chronic hepatitis. Acute hepatitis C is generally asymptomatic and progresses to
cure, while persistent infection can progress to chronic liver disease and extrahepatic manifestations.
Standard treatment is expensive, poorly tolerated, and has variable sustained virologic responses
amongst the different viral genotypes. New therapies involve direct acting antivirals; however,
it is also very expensive and may not be accessible for all patients worldwide. In order to provide
a complementary approach to the already existing therapies, natural bioactive compounds are
investigated as to their several biologic activities, such as direct antiviral properties against hepatitis
C, and effects on mitigating chronic progression of the disease, which include hepatoprotective,
antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory activities; additionally, these compounds present
advantages, as chemical diversity, low cost of production and milder or inexistent side effects.
Objective:
To present a broad perspective on hepatitis C infection, the chronic disease, and natural
compounds with promising anti-HCV activity. Methods: This review consists of a systematic review
study about the natural bioactive compounds as a potential therapy for hepatitis C infection.
Results:
The quest for natural products has yielded compounds with biologic activity, including viral
replication inhibition in vitro, demonstrating antiviral activity against hepatitis C.
Conclusion:
One of the greatest advantages of using natural molecules from plant extracts is the
low cost of production, not requiring chemical synthesis, which can lead to less expensive therapies
available to low and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moema S. Santana
- Food and Nutrition Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Rute Lopes
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela H. Peron
- Food and Nutrition Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Carla R. Cruz
- Food and Nutrition Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Ana M.M. Gaspar
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo I. Costa
- Food and Nutrition Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara-SP, Brazil
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Orabi D, Osborn LJ, Fung K, Massey W, Horak AJ, Aucejo F, Choucair I, DeLucia B, Wang Z, Claesen J, Brown JM. A surgical method for continuous intraportal infusion of gut microbial metabolites in mice. JCI Insight 2021; 6:145607. [PMID: 33986195 PMCID: PMC8262340 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbe-derived metabolites influence human physiology and disease. However, establishing mechanistic links between gut microbial metabolites and disease pathogenesis in animal models remains challenging. The major route of absorption for microbe-derived small molecules is venous drainage via the portal vein to the liver. In the event of presystemic hepatic metabolism, the route of metabolite administration becomes critical. To our knowledge, we describe here a novel portal vein cannulation technique using a s.c. implanted osmotic pump to achieve continuous portal vein infusion in mice. We first administered the microbial metabolite trimethylamine (TMA) over 4 weeks, during which increased peripheral plasma levels of TMA and its host liver-derived cometabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide, were observed when compared with a vehicle control. Next, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPAA), a microbial metabolite that undergoes extensive presystemic hepatic metabolism, was administered intraportally to examine effects on hepatic gene expression. As expected, hepatic levels of 4-HPAA were elevated when compared with the control group while peripheral plasma 4-HPAA levels remained the same. Moreover, significant changes in the hepatic transcriptome were revealed by an unbiased RNA-Seq approach. Collectively, to our knowledge this work describes a novel method for administering gut microbe-derived metabolites via the portal vein, mimicking their physiologic delivery in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Orabi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lucas J. Osborn
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kevin Fung
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - William Massey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anthony J. Horak
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Federico Aucejo
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ibrahim Choucair
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Beckey DeLucia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jan Claesen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - J. Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Shi H, Zhao F, Chen H, Zhou Q, Geng P, Zhou Y, Wu H, Chong J, Wang F, Dai D, Yang J, Wang S. Naringenin has an inhibitory effect on rivaroxaban in rats both in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021. [PMCID: PMC8099043 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Food–drug interactions are reported to have some impacts on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of various oral drugs. To better understand the effects of naringenin, one natural product in many fruits, on the pharmacokinetics of rivaroxaban, drug–drug interactions (DDIs) between naringenin and rivaroxaban in vitro were investigated in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat liver microsomes. For the DDIs in vivo, 12 male SD rats were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group with six rats in each group. Rats in the experimental group were pre‐treated with naringenin (10 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks before the administration of rivaroxaban (10 mg/kg) by oral gavage, while the rats in the control group were given rivaroxaban (10 mg/kg) only once. The plasma concentration of rivaroxaban in rats was then measured by UPLC‐MS/MS. In vitro data indicated that naringenin could decrease the metabolic clearance rate of rivaroxaban with the IC50 value of 38.89 μM, and exhibited a mixed inhibition to rivaroxaban (Ki =54.91 μM, aKi =73.33 μM, a = 0.74). In vivo data in rats revealed that as compared with that of the control group, the AUC(0–t) value of rats in the experimental group was increased from 2406.28 ± 519.69 μg/h/L to 4005.04 ± 1172.76 μg/h/L, the Cmax value was increased from 310.23 ± 85.76 μg/L to 508.71 ± 152.48 μg/L, and the Vz/F and CLz/F were decreased from 23.03 ± 4.81 L/kg to 16.2 ± 8.42 L/kg, 4.26 ± 0.91 L/h/kg to 2.57 ± 0.73 L/h/kg, respectively. These data indicated that naringenin had an inhibitory effect on the pharmacokinetics of rivaroxaban in rats, suggesting that the DDIs between naringenin and rivaroxaban might occur when they were co‐administered in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Feng Shi
- Cardiovascular Department Beijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyInstitute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| | - Fang‐Ling Zhao
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine Beijing P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Beijing Institute of GeriatricsBeijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyNational Health CommissionInstitute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Cardiovascular Department Beijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyInstitute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| | - Quan Zhou
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityThe People's Hospital of Lishui. Lishui Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Pei‐Wu Geng
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityThe People's Hospital of Lishui. Lishui Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Yun‐Fang Zhou
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityThe People's Hospital of Lishui. Lishui Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Hua‐Lan Wu
- Cardiovascular Department Beijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyInstitute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| | - Jia Chong
- Cardiovascular Department Beijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyInstitute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Cardiovascular Department Beijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyInstitute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| | - Da‐Peng Dai
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine Beijing P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Beijing Institute of GeriatricsBeijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyNational Health CommissionInstitute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| | - Jie‐Fu Yang
- Cardiovascular Department Beijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyInstitute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| | - Shuang‐Hu Wang
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityThe People's Hospital of Lishui. Lishui Zhejiang P. R. China
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Deng Y, Tu Y, Lao S, Wu M, Yin H, Wang L, Liao W. The role and mechanism of citrus flavonoids in cardiovascular diseases prevention and treatment. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7591-7614. [PMID: 33905288 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1915745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been ranked as the leading cause of death in the world, whose global incidence is increasing year by year. Citrus, one of the most popular fruits in the world, is rich in flavonoids. Citrus flavonoids attract special attention due to a variety of biological activities, especially in the prevention and treatment of CVDs. The research progress of citrus flavonoids on CVDs have been constantly updated, but relatively fragmented, which needed to be systematically summarized. Hence, the recent research about citrus flavonoids and CVDs were reviewed, including the types and in vivo processes of citrus flavonoids, epidemiology study and mechanism on prevention and treatment of CVDs by citrus flavonoids. This review would provide a theoretical basis for the citrus flavonoids research and a new idea in the citrus industry development and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Deng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yali Tu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shenghui Lao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengting Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hantong Yin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linqing Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenzhen Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Alcazar O, Hernandez LF, Nakayasu ES, Nicora CD, Ansong C, Muehlbauer MJ, Bain JR, Myer CJ, Bhattacharya SK, Buchwald P, Abdulreda MH. Parallel Multi-Omics in High-Risk Subjects for the Identification of Integrated Biomarker Signatures of Type 1 Diabetes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:383. [PMID: 33806609 PMCID: PMC7999903 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers are crucial for detecting early type-1 diabetes (T1D) and preventing significant β-cell loss before the onset of clinical symptoms. Here, we present proof-of-concept studies to demonstrate the potential for identifying integrated biomarker signature(s) of T1D using parallel multi-omics. METHODS Blood from human subjects at high risk for T1D (and healthy controls; n = 4 + 4) was subjected to parallel unlabeled proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and transcriptomics. The integrated dataset was analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software for disturbances in the at-risk subjects compared to controls. RESULTS The final quadra-omics dataset contained 2292 proteins, 328 miRNAs, 75 metabolites, and 41 lipids that were detected in all samples without exception. Disease/function enrichment analyses consistently indicated increased activation, proliferation, and migration of CD4 T-lymphocytes and macrophages. Integrated molecular network predictions highlighted central involvement and activation of NF-κB, TGF-β, VEGF, arachidonic acid, and arginase, and inhibition of miRNA Let-7a-5p. IPA-predicted candidate biomarkers were used to construct a putative integrated signature containing several miRNAs and metabolite/lipid features in the at-risk subjects. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary parallel quadra-omics provided a comprehensive picture of disturbances in high-risk T1D subjects and highlighted the potential for identifying associated integrated biomarker signatures. With further development and validation in larger cohorts, parallel multi-omics could ultimately facilitate the classification of T1D progressors from non-progressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Alcazar
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (O.A.); (L.F.H.)
| | - Luis F. Hernandez
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (O.A.); (L.F.H.)
| | - Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; (E.S.N.); (C.D.N.); (C.A.)
| | - Carrie D. Nicora
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; (E.S.N.); (C.D.N.); (C.A.)
| | - Charles Ansong
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; (E.S.N.); (C.D.N.); (C.A.)
| | - Michael J. Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; (M.J.M.); (J.R.B.)
| | - James R. Bain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; (M.J.M.); (J.R.B.)
| | - Ciara J. Myer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.J.M.); (S.K.B.)
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sanjoy K. Bhattacharya
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.J.M.); (S.K.B.)
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Peter Buchwald
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (O.A.); (L.F.H.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Midhat H. Abdulreda
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (O.A.); (L.F.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.J.M.); (S.K.B.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Two-Week Isocaloric Time-Restricted Feeding Decreases Liver Inflammation without Significant Weight Loss in Obese Mice with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239156. [PMID: 33271781 PMCID: PMC7730100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged, isocaloric, time-restricted feeding (TRF) protocols can promote weight loss, improve metabolic dysregulation, and mitigate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In addition, 3-day, severe caloric restriction can improve liver metabolism and glucose homeostasis prior to significant weight loss. Thus, we hypothesized that short-term, isocaloric TRF would improve NAFLD and characteristics of metabolic syndrome in diet-induced obese male mice. After 26 weeks of ad libitum access to western diet, mice either continued feeding ad libitum or were provided with access to the same quantity of western diet for 8 h daily, over the course of two weeks. Remarkably, this short-term TRF protocol modestly decreased liver tissue inflammation in the absence of changes in body weight or epidydimal fat mass. There were no changes in hepatic lipid accumulation or other characteristics of NAFLD. We observed no changes in liver lipid metabolism-related gene expression, despite increased plasma free fatty acids and decreased plasma triglycerides in the TRF group. However, liver Grp78 and Txnip expression were decreased with TRF suggesting hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activation of inflammatory pathways may have been diminished. We conclude that two-week, isocaloric TRF can potentially decrease liver inflammation, without significant weight loss or reductions in hepatic steatosis, in obese mice with NAFLD.
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Rehman K, Khan II, Akash MSH, Jabeen K, Haider K. Naringenin downregulates inflammation-mediated nitric oxide overproduction and potentiates endogenous antioxidant status during hyperglycemia. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13422. [PMID: 32770581 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide is a key regulating factor for physiological functions, when elevated during inflammatory conditions, NO, can lower endogenous antioxidants level. Naringenin, a bioflavonoid has shown to possess anti-inflammatory action. However, its role in NO-mediated responses has not been elucidated till date. This study was designed to investigate antioxidant potential of naringenin against inflammation-mediated nitric oxide overproduction and antioxidant status with an improved glycemic profile in diabetic rats. From total rats, Group 1 received normal saline, while remaining received single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan and were then equally divided into group 2, 3, and 4, which latter received no-treatment, metformin (50 mg kg-1 day-1) and naringenin (50 mg kg-1 day-1), respectively, for 1 month. Results showed that naringenin significantly downregulated levels of glucose (p < .05), lipid profile, inflammatory biomarkers, and nitric oxide (p < .01) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. It also improved SOD level as compared to that of metformin treatment. This work delivers that naringenin exerts antioxidant effect by downregulating inflammation-mediated nitric oxide overproduction. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Naringenin is a well-recognized member of bioflavonoids and is commonly present in citrus fruits like oranges, grapes, and berries. The foremost property of naringenin is its antioxidant potential, which aids in decreasing the burden of oxidative stress by declining the generation of free radicals. The overproduction of these oxygen or nitrogen reactive species are considered as underlying cause of undesired biological activities likeO 2 - ∙ or nitrite-mediated inflammation and altered metabolic parameters. Hence, this study was designed to investigate the antioxidant potential of naringenin as natural flavone to downregulate the inflammation-mediated nitric oxide overproduction and improve glycemic profile. The therapeutic perspective of naringenin from current study against nitric oxide overproduction and to eradicate inflammation via controlling of levels of pro-inflammatory mediators suggests that naringenin holds the forthcoming vision as a supportive constituent alone or in combination with some other conventional medicinal agents against conditions like metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ilahee Khan
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Komal Jabeen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Haider
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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The marine compound and elongation factor 1A1 inhibitor, didemnin B, provides benefit in western diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105208. [PMID: 32977024 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of eukaryotic elongation factor 1A1 (EEF1A1) with the marine compound didemnin B decreases lipotoxic HepG2 cell death in vitro and improves early stage non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in young genetically obese mice. However, the effects of didemnin B on NAFLD in a model of long-term diet-induced obesity are not known. We investigated the effects of didemnin B on NAFLD severity and metabolic parameters in western diet-induced obese mice, and on the cell types that contribute to liver inflammation and fibrosis in vitro. Male 129S6 mice were fed either standard chow or western diet for 26 weeks, followed by intervention with didemnin B (50 μg/kg) or vehicle by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection once every 3 days for 14 days. Didemnin B decreased liver and plasma triglycerides, improved oral glucose tolerance, and decreased NAFLD severity. Moreover, didemnin B moderately increased hepatic expression of genes involved in ER stress response (Perk, Chop), and fatty acid oxidation (Fgf21, Cpt1a). In vitro, didemnin B decreased THP-1 monocyte proliferation, disrupted THP-1 monocyte-macrophage differentiation, decreased THP-1 macrophage IL-1β secretion, and decreased hepatic stellate cell (HSteC) proliferation and collagen secretion under both basal and lipotoxic (high fatty acid) conditions. Thus, didemnin B improves hepatic steatosis, glucose tolerance, and blood lipids in obesity, in association with moderate, possibly hormetic, upregulation of pathways involved in cell stress response and energy balance in the liver. Furthermore, it decreases the activity of the cell types implicated in liver inflammation and fibrosis in vitro. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of partial protein synthesis inhibition in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Sharif H, Akash MSH, Rehman K, Irshad K, Imran I. Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis: Association of risk factors and treatment strategies using plant-based bioactive compounds. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13449. [PMID: 32851658 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, endothelial cells act as protective barrier which prevents direct contact of blood with circulating factors via production of tissue plasminogen activator. Risk factors of metabolic disorders are responsible to induce endothelial dysfunction and may consequently lead to prognosis of atherosclerosis. This article summarizes the process of atherosclerosis which involves number of sequences including formation and interaction of AGE-RAGE, activation of polyol pathway, protein kinase C, and hexosamine-mediated pathway. All these mechanisms can lead to the development of oxidative stress which may further aggravate condition. Different pharmacological interventions are being used to treat atherosclerosis, however, these might be associated with mild to severe side effects. Therefore, plant-based bioactive compounds having potential to combat and prevent atherosclerosis in diabetic patients are attaining recent focus. By understanding process of development and mechanisms involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation, these bioactive compounds can be better option for future therapeutic interventions for atherosclerosis treatment. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Atherosclerosis is one of major underlying disorders of cardiovascular diseases which occur through multiple mechanisms and is associated with metabolic disorders. Conventional therapeutic interventions are not only used to treat atherosclerosis, but are also commonly associated with mild to severe side effects. Therefore, nowadays, bioactive compounds having potential to combat and prevent atherosclerosis in diabetic patients are preferred. By understanding mechanisms involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation, bioactive compounds can be better understood for treatment of atherosclerosis. In this manuscript, we have focused on treatment strategies of atherosclerosis using bioactive compounds notably alkaloids and flavonoids having diverse pharmacological and therapeutic potentials with special focus on the mechanism of action of these bioactive compounds suitable for treatment of atherosclerosis. This manuscript will provide the scientific insights of bioactive compounds to researchers who are working in the area of drug discovery and development to control pathogenesis and development of atherosclerosis and its associated cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Sharif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Irshad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Sandoval V, Sanz-Lamora H, Arias G, Marrero PF, Haro D, Relat J. Metabolic Impact of Flavonoids Consumption in Obesity: From Central to Peripheral. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2393. [PMID: 32785059 PMCID: PMC7469047 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevention and treatment of obesity is primary based on the follow-up of a healthy lifestyle, which includes a healthy diet with an important presence of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. For many years, the health benefits of polyphenols have been attributed to their anti-oxidant capacity as free radical scavengers. More recently it has been described that polyphenols activate other cell-signaling pathways that are not related to ROS production but rather involved in metabolic regulation. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge in this field by focusing on the metabolic effects of flavonoids. Flavonoids are widely distributed in the plant kingdom where they are used for growing and defensing. They are structurally characterized by two benzene rings and a heterocyclic pyrone ring and based on the oxidation and saturation status of the heterocyclic ring flavonoids are grouped in seven different subclasses. The present work is focused on describing the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic impact of flavonoids in obesity and obesity-related diseases. We described the effects of each group of flavonoids in liver, white and brown adipose tissue and central nervous system and the metabolic and signaling pathways involved on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Sandoval
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Hèctor Sanz-Lamora
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Giselle Arias
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Pedro F. Marrero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Haro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Relat
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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Higher flavonoid intake is associated with a lower progression risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults: a prospective study. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:460-470. [PMID: 32713378 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid-rich foods have shown a beneficial effect against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in short-term randomised trials. It is uncertain whether the usual dietary intake of flavonoids may benefit patients with NAFLD. The present study evaluated the association between the usual intake of flavonoids and the risk of progression in NAFLD. The prospective study included 2694 adults from the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study. Face-to-face interviews using a seventy-nine-item FFQ were administered to assess habitual dietary flavonoid intake, while abdominal ultrasonography was conducted to evaluate the presence and degree of NAFLD, with measurements conducted 3 years apart. After adjustment for potential confounders, higher flavonoid intakes were gradely associated with reduced risks of worsen NAFLD status. The relative risks of worsening (v. non-worsening) NAFLD in the highest (v. lowest) quintile were 0·71 (95 % CI 0·54, 0·93) for total flavonoids, 0·74 (95 % CI 0·57, 0·95) for flavanones, 0·74 (95 % CI 0·56, 0·96) for flavan-3-ols, 0·90 (95 % CI 0·68, 1·18) for flavonols, 0·73 (95 % CI 0·56, 0·93) for flavones, 0·79 (95 % CI 0·61, 1·02) for isoflavones and 0·74 (95 % CI 0·57, 0·96) for anthocyanins. An L-shaped relationship was observed between total flavonoid intake and the risk of NAFLD progression. Path analyses showed that the association between flavonoids and NAFLD progression was mediated by decreases in serum cholesterol and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. This prospective study showed that higher flavonoid intake was associated with a lower risk of NAFLD progression in the elderly overweight/obese Chinese population.
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Morrow NM, Burke AC, Samsoondar JP, Seigel KE, Wang A, Telford DE, Sutherland BG, O'Dwyer C, Steinberg GR, Fullerton MD, Huff MW. The citrus flavonoid nobiletin confers protection from metabolic dysregulation in high-fat-fed mice independent of AMPK. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:387-402. [PMID: 31964763 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, the increasingly common metabolic syndrome, are risk factors for CVD and type 2 diabetes that warrant novel therapeutic interventions. The flavonoid nobiletin displays potent lipid-lowering and insulin-sensitizing properties in mice with metabolic dysfunction. However, the mechanisms by which nobiletin mediates metabolic protection are not clearly established. The central role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as an energy sensor suggests that AMPK is a target of nobiletin. We tested the hypothesis that metabolic protection by nobiletin required phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in mouse hepatocytes, in mice deficient in hepatic AMPK (Ampkβ1 -/-), in mice incapable of inhibitory phosphorylation of ACC (AccDKI), and in mice with adipocyte-specific AMPK deficiency (iβ1β2AKO). We fed mice a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet with or without nobiletin. Nobiletin increased phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in primary mouse hepatocytes, which was associated with increased FA oxidation and attenuated FA synthesis. Despite loss of ACC phosphorylation in Ampkβ1 -/- hepatocytes, nobiletin suppressed FA synthesis and enhanced FA oxidation. Acute injection of nobiletin into mice did not increase phosphorylation of either AMPK or ACC in liver. In mice fed a high-fat diet, nobiletin robustly prevented obesity, hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, and it improved energy expenditure in Ampkβ1 -/-, AccDKI, and iβ1β2AKO mice to the same extent as in WT controls. Thus, the beneficial metabolic effects of nobiletin in vivo are conferred independently of hepatic or adipocyte AMPK activation. These studies further underscore the therapeutic potential of nobiletin and begin to clarify possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadya M Morrow
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7.,Departments of Biochemistry University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Amy C Burke
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7.,Departments of Biochemistry University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Joshua P Samsoondar
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7.,Departments of Biochemistry University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7.,Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Kyle E Seigel
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7.,Departments of Biochemistry University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Andrew Wang
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7.,Departments of Biochemistry University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Dawn E Telford
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7.,Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Brian G Sutherland
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Conor O'Dwyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Morgan D Fullerton
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Murray W Huff
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7 .,Departments of Biochemistry University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7.,Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
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Borges D, Guzman-Novoa E, Goodwin PH. Control of the microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae in honey bees (Apis mellifera) using nutraceutical and immuno-stimulatory compounds. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227484. [PMID: 31923212 PMCID: PMC6953808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosema ceranae is a microsporidian parasite that causes nosemosis in the honey bee (Apis mellifera). As alternatives to the antibiotic fumagillin, ten nutraceuticals (oregano oil, thymol, carvacrol, trans-cinnmaldehyde, tetrahydrocurcumin, sulforaphane, naringenin, embelin, allyl sulfide, hydroxytyrosol) and two immuno-stimulatory compounds (chitosan, poly I:C) were examined for controlling N. ceranae infections. Caged bees were inoculated with N. ceranae spores, and treatments were administered in sugar syrup. Only two compounds did not significantly reduce N. ceranae spore counts compared to the infected positive control, but the most effective were sulforaphane from cruciferous vegetables, carvacrol from oregano oil, and naringenin from citrus fruit. When tested at several concentrations, the highest sulforaphane concentration reduced spore counts by 100%, but also caused 100% bee mortality. For carvacrol, the maximum reduction in spore counts was 57% with an intermediate concentration and the maximum bee mortality was 23% with the highest concentration. For naringenin, the maximum reduction in spore counts was 64% with the highest concentration, and the maximum bee mortality was only 15% with an intermediate concentration. In the longevity experiment, naringenin-fed bees lived as long as Nosema-free control bees, both of which lived significantly longer than infected positive control bees. While its antimicrobial properties may be promising, reducing sulforaphane toxicity to bees is necessary before it can be considered as a candidate for controlling N. ceranae. Although further work on formulation is needed with naringenin, its effect on extending longevity in infected bees may give it an additional value as a potential additive for bee feed in honey bee colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Borges
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ernesto Guzman-Novoa
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul H. Goodwin
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Murugesan N, Woodard K, Ramaraju R, Greenway FL, Coulter AA, Rebello CJ. Naringenin Increases Insulin Sensitivity and Metabolic Rate: A Case Study. J Med Food 2019; 23:343-348. [PMID: 31670603 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our studies in primary human adipocytes show that naringenin, a citrus flavonoid, increases oxygen consumption rate and gene expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), glucose transporter type 4, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1β (CPT1β). We investigated the safety of naringenin, its effects on metabolic rate, and blood glucose and insulin responses in a single female subject with diabetes. The subject ingested 150 mg naringenin from an extract of whole oranges standardized to 28% naringenin three times/day for 8 weeks, and maintained her usual food intake. Body weight, resting metabolic rate, respiratory quotient, and blood chemistry panel including glucose, insulin, and safety markers were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks. Adverse events were evaluated every 2 weeks. We also examined the involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), protein kinase A (PKA), and protein kinase G (PKG) in the response of human adipocytes to naringenin treatment. Compared to baseline, the body weight decreased by 2.3 kg. The metabolic rate peaked at 3.5% above baseline at 1 h, but there was no change in the respiratory quotient. Compared to baseline, insulin decreased by 18%, but the change in glucose was not clinically significant. Other blood safety markers were within their reference ranges, and there were no adverse events. UCP1 and CPT1β mRNA expression was reduced by inhibitors of PPARα and PPARγ, but there was no effect of PKA or PKG inhibition. We conclude that naringenin supplementation is safe in humans, reduces body weight and insulin resistance, and increases metabolic rate by PPARα and PPARγ activation. The effects of naringenin on energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity warrant investigation in a randomized controlled clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaylee Woodard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rahul Ramaraju
- Baton Rouge Magnet High School, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Frank L Greenway
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ann A Coulter
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Candida J Rebello
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Jack BU, Malherbe CJ, Mamushi M, Muller CJF, Joubert E, Louw J, Pheiffer C. Adipose tissue as a possible therapeutic target for polyphenols: A case for Cyclopia extracts as anti-obesity nutraceuticals. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109439. [PMID: 31590126 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant contributor to increased morbidity and premature mortality due to increasing the risk of many chronic metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer. Lifestyle modifications such as energy restriction and increased physical activity are highly effective first-line treatment strategies used in the management of obesity. However, adherence to these behavioral changes is poor, with an increased reliance on synthetic drugs, which unfortunately are plagued by adverse effects. The identification of new and safer anti-obesity agents is thus of significant interest. In recent years, plants and their phenolic constituents have attracted increased attention due to their health-promoting properties. Amongst these, Cyclopia, an endemic South African plant commonly consumed as a herbal tea (honeybush), has been shown to possess modulating properties against oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and obesity. Likewise, several studies have reported that some of the major phenolic compounds present in Cyclopia spp. exhibit anti-obesity effects, particularly by targeting adipose tissue. These phenolic compounds belong to the xanthone, flavonoid and benzophenone classes. The aim of this review is to assess the potential of Cyclopia extracts as an anti-obesity nutraceutical as underpinned by in vitro and in vivo studies and the underlying cellular mechanisms and biological pathways regulated by their phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babalwa U Jack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa.
| | - Christiaan J Malherbe
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Mokadi Mamushi
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwa-Dlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwa-Dlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Zaidun NH, Sahema ZCT, Mardiana AA, Santhana RL, Latiff AA, Syed Ahmad Fuad SB. Effects of naringenin on vascular changes in prolonged hyperglycaemia in fructose-STZ diabetic rat model. Drug Discov Ther 2019; 13:212-221. [PMID: 31534073 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2019.01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chronic uncontrolled hyperglycaemia leads to increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation resulting in vascular complications and accelerates the progression of diabetic atherosclerosis. Though varieties of modern drugs used in the treatment of diabetes, the complications of diabetes are increasing. Naringenin (NG), has been reported to have potent antioxidant and anti-atherosclerotic properties. However, the effects of NG as vasculoprotective agent in prolonged hyperglycaemia are not well documented. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the effect of NG against vascular changes after prolonged hyperglycaemia in a diabetic rat model. Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with fructose and streptozotocin to develop the diabetic rat model. After 4 weeks, the rats were randomly divided into 5 groups each group consisting of 6 animals: control, control treated with NG, non-treated diabetes mellitus (DM), DM treated with NG and metformin-treated DM. The treatment with NG (50 mg/kg) and metformin were continued for 5 weeks. The results showed that consumption of NG at 4 weeks post diabetic did not improved blood sugar, blood pressure and serum lipid profile. However, NG did significantly improve oxidative stress parameters in the aortic tissue like malondialdehyde (MDA). Analysis through light microscopy and transmission electron microscope (TEM) reverted the histological changes caused by prolonged hyperglycaemia. The findings thus demonstrated that introduction of NG after prolonged exposure to hyperglycaemia improved the vascular deterioration in diabetic group by decreasing oxidative stress evident by the reduced in the lipid peroxidation activity. Thus, this study showed the potential use of NG as adjunct in managing the diabetic condition during late presentation.
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Fan Q, Yin X, Rababa'h A, Diaz Diaz A, Wijaya CS, Singh S, Suryavanshi SV, Vo HH, Saeed M, Zhang Y, McConnell BK. Absence of gravin-mediated signaling inhibits development of high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H793-H810. [PMID: 31441691 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00215.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gravin, an A-kinase anchoring protein, is known to play a role in regulating key processes that lead to inflammation and atherosclerosis development, namely, cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. We investigated the role of gravin in the development of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia. Five-week-old male wild-type (WT) and gravin-t/t mice were fed a normal diet or an HFD for 16 wk. Gravin-t/t mice showed significantly lower liver-to-body-weight ratio, cholesterol, triglyceride, and very low-density lipoprotein levels in serum as compared with WT mice on HFD. Furthermore, there was less aortic plaque formation coupled with decreased lipid accumulation and liver damage, as the gravin-t/t mice had lower levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Additionally, gravin-t/t HFD-fed mice had decreased expression of liver 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase, an essential enzyme for cholesterol synthesis and lower fatty acid synthase expression. Gravin-t/t HFD-fed mice also exhibited inhibition of sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) expression, a liver transcription factor associated with the regulation of lipid transportation. In response to platelet-derived growth factor receptor treatment, gravin-t/t vascular smooth muscle cells exhibited lower intracellular calcium transients and decreased protein kinase A- and protein kinase C-dependent substrate phosphorylation, notably involving the Erk1/2 signaling pathway. Collectively, these results suggest the involvement of gravin-dependent regulation of lipid metabolism via the reduction of SREBP-2 expression. The absence of gravin-mediated signaling lowers blood pressure, reduces plaque formation in the aorta, and decreases lipid accumulation and damage in the liver of HFD mice. Through these processes, the absence of gravin-mediated signaling complex delays the HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The gravin scaffolding protein plays a key role in the multiple enzymatic pathways of lipid metabolism. We have shown for the first time the novel role of gravin in regulating the pathways related to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Specifically, an absence of gravin-mediated signaling decreases the lipid levels (cholesterol, triglyceride, and VLDL) that are associated with sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiying Fan
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Xing Yin
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Abeer Rababa'h
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Andrea Diaz Diaz
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Cori S Wijaya
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Sonal Singh
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Santosh V Suryavanshi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Henry Hiep Vo
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Moawiz Saeed
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Bradley K McConnell
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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Zhang X, Li X, Fang H, Guo F, Li F, Chen A, Huang S. Flavonoids as inducers of white adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis: signalling pathways and molecular triggers. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:47. [PMID: 31346342 PMCID: PMC6637576 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flavonoids are a class of plant and fungus secondary metabolites and are the most common group of polyphenolic compounds in the human diet. In recent studies, flavonoids have been shown to induce browning of white adipocytes, increase energy consumption, inhibit high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and improve metabolic status. Promoting the activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inducing white adipose tissue (WAT) browning are promising means to increase energy expenditure and improve glucose and lipid metabolism. This review summarizes recent advances in the knowledge of flavonoid compounds and their metabolites. Methods We searched the following databases for all research related to flavonoids and WAT browning published through March 2019: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Web of Science. All included studies are summarized and listed in Table 1. Result We summarized the effects of flavonoids on fat metabolism and the specific underlying mechanisms in sub-categories. Flavonoids activated the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), promoted the release of adrenaline and thyroid hormones to increase thermogenesis and induced WAT browning through the AMPK-PGC-1α/Sirt1 and PPAR signalling pathways. Flavonoids may also promote brown preadipocyte differentiation, inhibit apoptosis and produce inflammatory factors in BAT. Conclusion Flavonoids induced WAT browning and activated BAT to increase energy consumption and non-shivering thermogenesis, thus inhibiting weight gain and preventing metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First People's Hospital of Yichang, No.4 Hudi Street, Yichang, 443000 Hubei Province China
| | - Xin Li
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei Province China
| | - Huang Fang
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
| | - Fengjin Guo
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
| | - Feng Li
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
| | - Anmin Chen
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
| | - Shilong Huang
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
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Burke AC, Sutherland BG, Telford DE, Morrow MR, Sawyez CG, Edwards JY, Huff MW. Naringenin enhances the regression of atherosclerosis induced by a chow diet in Ldlr -/- mice. Atherosclerosis 2019; 286:60-70. [PMID: 31102954 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Naringenin is a citrus-derived flavonoid with lipid-lowering and insulin-sensitizing effects leading to athero-protection in Ldlr-/- mice fed a high-fat diet. However, the ability of naringenin to promote atherosclerosis regression is unknown. In the present study, we assessed the capacity of naringenin to enhance regression in Ldlr-/- mice with diet-induced intermediate atherosclerosis intervened with a chow diet. METHODS Male Ldlr-/- mice were fed a high-fat, cholesterol-containing (HFHC) diet for 12 weeks to induce intermediate atherosclerosis and metabolic dysfunction. Subsequently, a group of these mice were sacrificed for baseline analyses and the remainder either 1) continued on the HFHC diet, 2) switched to a chow diet or 3) switched to chow diet supplemented with naringenin. RESULTS After 12 weeks induction, intermediate lesions developed in the aortic sinus. Intervention with chow alone slowed lesion growth, while intervention with naringenin-supplemented chow completely halted lesion growth. Lesions were characterized by features of improved morphology. Compared to chow alone, naringenin reduced plaque macrophages and modestly increased smooth muscle cells. Investigating processes that contributed to improved plaque morphology, we showed naringenin further reduced plasma triglycerides and cholesterol compared to chow alone. Furthermore, elevated monocytosis and myelopoiesis were further corrected by intervention with naringenin compared to chow alone. Metabolically, naringenin enhanced the correction of insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and obesity compared to chow alone, potentially contributing to enhanced regression. CONCLUSIONS Naringenin supplementation to chow enhances atherosclerosis regression in male Ldlr-/- mice. These studies further underscore the potential therapeutic utility of naringenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Burke
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Brian G Sutherland
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Dawn E Telford
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Marisa R Morrow
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Cynthia G Sawyez
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jane Y Edwards
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Murray W Huff
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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Ahmed OM, Fahim HI, Ahmed HY, Al-Muzafar HM, Ahmed RR, Amin KA, El-Nahass ES, Abdelazeem WH. The Preventive Effects and the Mechanisms of Action of Navel Orange Peel Hydroethanolic Extract, Naringin, and Naringenin in N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol-Induced Liver Injury in Wistar Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2745352. [PMID: 31049130 PMCID: PMC6458942 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2745352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP) or acetaminophen is the most common drug ingredient worldwide. It is found in more than 600 different over-the-counter and prescription medicines. Its long-term and overdose use is highly toxic and may result in liver injury. Thus, this study was designed to assess the preventive effects and to suggest the mechanisms of action of the navel orange peel hydroethanolic extract, naringin, and naringenin in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats. APAP was administered to male Wistar rats at a dose level of 0.5 g/kg body weight (b.w.) by oral gavage every other day for 4 weeks. APAP-administered rats were treated with the navel orange peel hydroethanolic extract (50 mg/kg b.w.), naringin (20 mg/kg b.w.), and naringenin (20 mg/kg b.w.) by oral gavage every other day during the same period of APAP administration. The treatments of APAP-administered rats with the peel extract, naringin, and naringenin produced a significant decrease in the elevated serum AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, and GGT activities as well as total bilirubin and TNF-α levels while they induced a significant increase in the lowered serum albumin and IL-4 levels. The treatments also resulted in a significant decrease in the elevated liver lipid peroxidation and enhanced the liver GSH content and SOD, GST, and GPx activities as compared with APAP-administered control; the peel extract was the most potent in improving the liver LPO, GSH content, and GPx activity. In addition, the three treatments significantly downregulated the elevated hepatic proapoptotic mediators p53, Bax, and caspase-3 and significantly upregulated the suppressed antiapoptotic protein, Bcl-2, in APAP-administered rats. In association, the treatments markedly amended the APAP-induced liver histopathological deteriorations that include hepatocyte steatosis, cytoplasmic vacuolization, hydropic degeneration, and necrosis together with mononuclear leucocytic and fibroblastic inflammatory cells' infiltration. In conclusion, the navel orange peel hydroethanolic extract, naringin, and naringenin may exert their hepatopreventive effects in APAP-administered rats via enhancement of the antioxidant defense system and suppression of inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hanaa I. Fahim
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Heba Y. Ahmed
- Rodents Division, Department of Harmful Animals, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt
| | - Hessah Mohammed Al-Muzafar
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha R. Ahmed
- Cell Biology, Histology and Genetics Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Kamal Adel Amin
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Shaymaa El-Nahass
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Walaa H. Abdelazeem
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Antidiabetic Properties of Naringenin: A Citrus Fruit Polyphenol. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9030099. [PMID: 30871083 PMCID: PMC6468535 DOI: 10.3390/biom9030099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia and is associated with personal health and global economic burdens. Current strategies/approaches of insulin resistance and T2DM prevention and treatment are lacking in efficacy resulting in the need for new preventative and targeted therapies. In recent years, epidemiological studies have suggested that diets rich in vegetables and fruits are associated with health benefits including protection against insulin resistance and T2DM. Naringenin, a citrus flavanone, has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, immunomodulatory and antidiabetic properties. The current review summarizes the existing in vitro and in vivo animal studies examining the anti-diabetic effects of naringenin.
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Sarr O, Mathers KE, Zhao L, Dunlop K, Chiu J, Guglielmo CG, Bureau Y, Cheung A, Raha S, Lee TY, Regnault TRH. Western diet consumption through early life induces microvesicular hepatic steatosis in association with an altered metabolome in low birth weight Guinea pigs. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 67:219-233. [PMID: 30981986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Uteroplacental insufficiency-induced low birth weight (LBW) and postnatal high saturated fat/high sucrose-fructose diet (Western Diet, WD) consumption have been independently associated with the development of hepatic steatosis, while their additive effect on fatty acid, acylcarnitine and amino acid profiles in early adulthood have not been widely reported. We employed LBW, generated via uterine artery ablation, and normal birth weight (NBW) male guinea pigs fed either a WD or control diet (CD) from weaning to postnatal day 150 (early adulthood). Hepatic steatosis was absent in CD-fed offspring, while NBW/WD offspring displayed macrovesicular steatosis and LBW/WD offspring exhibited microvesicular steatosis, both occurring in a lean phenotype. Life-long consumption of the WD, irrespective of birth weight, was associated with an increase in hepatic medium- and long-chain saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, acylcarnitines, reduced oxidative phosphorylation complex III activity and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and molecular evidence of disrupted hepatic insulin signaling. In NBW/WD, hepatic C15:1 and C16:1n-6 fatty acids in phospholipids, C16, C18 and C18:1 acylcarnitines, concentrations of aspartate, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan and expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 alpha (CPT1α) and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) genes were elevated compared to LBW/WD livers. Our results suggest that LBW and life-long WD combined are influential in promoting hepatic microvesicular steatosis in conjunction with a specific mitochondrial gene expression and metabolomic profile in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousseynou Sarr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristyn Dunlop
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University
| | - Jacky Chiu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University
| | | | - Yves Bureau
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University
| | - Anson Cheung
- Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandeep Raha
- Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ting-Yim Lee
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Imaging, Medical Biophysics, and Oncology, Western University; Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy R H Regnault
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University.
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50
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Burke AC, Telford DE, Edwards JY, Sutherland BG, Sawyez CG, Huff MW. Naringenin Supplementation to a Chow Diet Enhances Energy Expenditure and Fatty Acid Oxidation, and Reduces Adiposity in Lean, Pair-Fed Ldlr -/- Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800833. [PMID: 30578663 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Naringenin is a citrus-derived flavonoid that has potent lipid-lowering and insulin-sensitizing effects in obese mouse models of metabolic dysfunction. However, in these models, a significant effect of naringenin supplementation is the prevention of weight gain, which in itself can confer metabolic protection. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of naringenin supplementation in lean, chow-fed Ldlr-/- mice is investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS In Ldlr-/- mice with isocaloric food consumption, treatment with naringenin for 8 weeks reduces body weight and adiposity compared to littermate controls pair-fed the chow diet alone. Furthermore, naringenin treatment reduces plasma lipids and enhances insulin sensitivity compared to chow-fed controls. Metabolic cage studies reveal that naringenin-treated mice have elevated energy expenditure with no change in ambulatory activity. Additionally, naringenin-treated mice have an increased respiratory exchange ratio and food consumption during the dark cycle. Treatment increases the expression of fatty acid oxidation genes in liver, and increased β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in plasma, indicating that one mechanism through which naringenin mediates metabolic improvement is enhanced hepatic fatty acid oxidation. CONCLUSIONS These studies highlight the potential therapeutic utility of naringenin and suggest that this flavonoid maintains potent metabolic properties in the absence of obesity or a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Burke
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Dawn E Telford
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jane Y Edwards
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Brian G Sutherland
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Cynthia G Sawyez
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Murray W Huff
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
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