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Rochowski MT, Jayathilake K, Balcerak JM, Tamil Selvan M, Gunasekara S, Rudd J, Miller C, Lacombe VA. Alterations of whole body glucose metabolism in a feline SARS-CoV-2 infection model. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 326:R499-R506. [PMID: 38574344 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00228.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been especially devastating to patients with comorbidities, including metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Elevated blood glucose during SARS-CoV-2 infection increased mortality of patients with COVID-19, although the mechanisms are not well understood. It has been previously demonstrated that glucose transport and utilization is a crucial pathway for other highly infectious RNA viruses. Thus, we hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 infection could lead to alterations in cellular and whole body glucose metabolism. Specific pathogen-free domestic cats were intratracheally inoculated with USA-WA1/2020 (wild-type) SARS-CoV-2 or vehicle-inoculated, then euthanized at 4- and 8-days postinoculation (dpi). Blood glucose and cortisol concentrations were elevated at 4 and 8 dpi. Blood ketones, insulin, and angiotensin II concentrations remained unchanged throughout the experimental timeline. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the lung and heart, without changes in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) RNA expression. In the lung, SARS-CoV-2 infection increased glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) protein levels at 4 and 8 dpi, whereas GLUT4 level was only upregulated at 8 dpi. In the heart, GLUT-1 and -4 protein levels remained unchanged. Furthermore, GLUT1 level was upregulated in the skeletal muscle at 8 dpi, and AMPK was activated in the hearts of infected cats. SARS-CoV-2 infection increased blood glucose concentration and pulmonary GLUT protein levels. These findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces metabolic reprogramming primarily in the lung to support viral replication. Furthermore, this translational feline model mimicked human COVID-19 and could be used to explore novel therapeutic targets to treat metabolic disease during SARS-CoV-2 infection.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study on a feline model of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, mirroring human COVID-19, revealed alterations in whole body and cellular glucose metabolism. Infected cats developed mild hyperglycemia, increased protein levels of glucose transporters in the lung, and AMPK activation in the heart. These findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces metabolic reprogramming in the cardiorespiratory system to support viral replication. Understanding these mechanisms could lead to novel antiviral therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Rochowski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Kaushalya Jayathilake
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - John-Michael Balcerak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Miruthula Tamil Selvan
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Sachithra Gunasekara
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Jennifer Rudd
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Craig Miller
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Véronique A Lacombe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
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Rochowski MT, Jayathilake K, Balcerak JM, Selvan MT, Gunasekara S, Miller C, Rudd JM, Lacombe VA. Impact of Delta SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Glucose Metabolism: Insights on Host Metabolism and Virus Crosstalk in a Feline Model. Viruses 2024; 16:295. [PMID: 38400070 PMCID: PMC10893195 DOI: 10.3390/v16020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes enhanced mortality in people with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Other highly infectious RNA viruses have demonstrated dependence on glucose transport and utilization, so we hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 infection could lead to alterations in cellular and whole-body glucose metabolism. Twenty-four healthy domestic cats were intratracheally inoculated with B.1.617.2 (delta) SARS-CoV-2 and samples were collected at 4- and 12-days post-inoculation (dpi). Blood glucose and circulating cortisol concentrations were elevated at 4 and 12 dpi. Serum insulin concentration was statistically significantly decreased, while angiotensin 2 concentration was elevated at 12 dpi. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the pancreas and skeletal muscle at low levels; however, no change in the number of insulin-producing cells or proinflammatory cytokines was observed in the pancreas of infected cats through 12 dpi. SARS-CoV-2 infection statistically significantly increased GLUT protein expression in both the heart and lungs, correlating with increased AMPK expression. In brief, SARS-CoV-2 increased blood glucose concentration and cardio-pulmonary GLUT expression through an AMPK-dependent mechanism, without affecting the pancreas, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 induces the reprogramming of host glucose metabolism. A better understanding of host cell metabolism and virus crosstalk could lead to the discovery of novel metabolic therapeutic targets for patients affected by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Rochowski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.R.)
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kaushalya Jayathilake
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.R.)
| | - John-Michael Balcerak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.R.)
| | - Miruthula Tamil Selvan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.S.); (S.G.); (C.M.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Sachithra Gunasekara
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.S.); (S.G.); (C.M.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Craig Miller
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.S.); (S.G.); (C.M.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Jennifer M. Rudd
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.S.); (S.G.); (C.M.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Véronique A. Lacombe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.R.)
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Szczepanska-Sadowska E. Interplay of Angiotensin Peptides, Vasopressin, and Insulin in the Heart: Experimental and Clinical Evidence of Altered Interactions in Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1310. [PMID: 38279313 PMCID: PMC10816525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present review draws attention to the specific role of angiotensin peptides [angiotensin II (Ang II), angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)], vasopressin (AVP), and insulin in the regulation of the coronary blood flow and cardiac contractions. The interactions of angiotensin peptides, AVP, and insulin in the heart and in the brain are also discussed. The intracardiac production and the supply of angiotensin peptides and AVP from the systemic circulation enable their easy access to the coronary vessels and the cardiomyocytes. Coronary vessels and cardiomyocytes are furnished with AT1 receptors, AT2 receptors, Ang (1-7) receptors, vasopressin V1 receptors, and insulin receptor substrates. The presence of some of these molecules in the same cells creates good conditions for their interaction at the signaling level. The broad spectrum of actions allows for the engagement of angiotensin peptides, AVP, and insulin in the regulation of the most vital cardiac processes, including (1) cardiac tissue oxygenation, energy production, and metabolism; (2) the generation of the other cardiovascular compounds, such as nitric oxide, bradykinin (Bk), and endothelin; and (3) the regulation of cardiac work by the autonomic nervous system and the cardiovascular neurons of the brain. Multiple experimental studies and clinical observations show that the interactions of Ang II, Ang(1-7), AVP, and insulin in the heart and in the brain are markedly altered during heart failure, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, especially when these diseases coexist. A survey of the literature presented in the review provides evidence for the belief that very individualized treatment, including interactions of angiotensins and vasopressin with insulin, should be applied in patients suffering from both the cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szczepanska-Sadowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Zhao H, Zhang HL, Jia L. High glucose dialysate-induced peritoneal fibrosis: Pathophysiology, underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115246. [PMID: 37523983 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis is an efficient renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage kidney disease. However, continuous exposure of the peritoneal membrane to dialysate frequently leads to peritoneal fibrosis, which alters the function of the peritoneal membrane and results in withdrawal from peritoneal dialysis in patients. Among others, high glucose dialysate is considered as a predisposing factor for peritoneal fibrosis in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Glucose-induced inflammation, metabolism disturbance, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, angiogenesis and noninflammation-induced reactive oxygen species are implicated in the pathogenesis of high glucose dialysate-induced peritoneal fibrosis. Specifically, high glucose causes chronic inflammation and recurrent peritonitis, which could cause migration and polarization of inflammatory cells, as well as release of cytokines and fibrosis. High glucose also interferes with lipid metabolism and glycolysis by activating the sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-2/cleavage-activating protein pathway and increasing hypoxia inducible factor-1α expression, leading to angiogenesis and peritoneal fibrosis. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and Ras-mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway is another contributing factor in high glucose dialysate-induced fibrosis. Ultimately, activation of the transforming growth factor-β1/Smad pathway is involved in mesothelial-mesenchymal transition or epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which leads to the development of fibrosis. Although possible intervention strategies for peritoneal dialysate-induced fibrosis by targeting the transforming growth factor-β1/Smad pathway have occasionally been proposed, lack of laboratory evidence renders clinical decision-making difficult. We therefore aim to revisit the upstream pathways of transforming growth factor-beta1/Smad and propose potential therapeutic targets for high glucose-induced peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxue Zhao
- First Clinical Medical College, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Hong-Liang Zhang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 83 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Linpei Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, China.
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Chen L, Zhao ZW, Zeng PH, Zhou YJ, Yin WJ. Molecular mechanisms for ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:1121-1139. [PMID: 35192423 PMCID: PMC9103275 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2042777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of cellular cholesterol homeostasis is essential for normal cell function and viability. Excessive cholesterol accumulation is detrimental to cells and serves as the molecular basis of many diseases, such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes mellitus. The peripheral cells do not have the ability to degrade cholesterol. Cholesterol efflux is therefore the only pathway to eliminate excessive cholesterol from these cells. This process is predominantly mediated by ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), an integral membrane protein. ABCA1 is known to transfer intracellular free cholesterol and phospholipids to apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) for generating nascent high-density lipoprotein (nHDL) particles. nHDL can accept more free cholesterol from peripheral cells. Free cholesterol is then converted to cholesteryl ester by lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase to form mature HDL. HDL-bound cholesterol enters the liver for biliary secretion and fecal excretion. Although how cholesterol is transported by ABCA1 to apoA-I remains incompletely understood, nine models have been proposed to explain this effect. In this review, we focus on the current view of the mechanisms underlying ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux to provide an important framework for future investigation and lipid-lowering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhen-Wang Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Peng-Hui Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ying-Jie Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Jun Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China,CONTACT Wen-Jun Yin Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan421001, China
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Biondi G, Marrano N, Borrelli A, Rella M, Palma G, Calderoni I, Siciliano E, Lops P, Giorgino F, Natalicchio A. Adipose Tissue Secretion Pattern Influences β-Cell Wellness in the Transition from Obesity to Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105522. [PMID: 35628332 PMCID: PMC9143684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of the β-cell functional mass, which is a reduction in the number of β-cells and their ability to secure adequate insulin secretion, represents a key mechanistic factor leading to the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Obesity is recognised as a leading cause of β-cell loss and dysfunction and a risk factor for T2D. The natural history of β-cell failure in obesity-induced T2D can be divided into three steps: (1) β-cell compensatory hyperplasia and insulin hypersecretion, (2) insulin secretory dysfunction, and (3) loss of β-cell mass. Adipose tissue (AT) secretes many hormones/cytokines (adipokines) and fatty acids that can directly influence β-cell function and viability. As this secretory pattern is altered in obese and diabetic patients, it is expected that the cross-talk between AT and pancreatic β-cells could drive the maintenance of the β-cell integrity under physiological conditions and contribute to the reduction in the β-cell functional mass in a dysmetabolic state. In the current review, we summarise the evidence of the ability of the AT secretome to influence each step of β-cell failure, and attempt to draw a timeline of the alterations in the adipokine secretion pattern in the transition from obesity to T2D that reflects the progressive deterioration of the β-cell functional mass.
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Ghaffari T, Moradi N, Chamani E, Ebadi Z, Fadaei R, Alizadeh-Fanalou S, Yarahmadi S, Fallah S. Captopril and Spironolactone Can Attenuate Diabetic Nephropathy in Wistar Rats by Targeting ABCA1 and microRNA-33. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1367-1372. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220401143249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Nephropathy diabetes is one of the important causes of death and a more prevalent cause of end-stage renal disease.
Objective:
The present study investigated the effect of applying spironolactone and captopril and their combination on some renal performance indices and cholesterol-efflux-related gene expression in nephropathy diabetic rats.
Methods:
Intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes in rats. FBS, creatinine, and BUN were assayed using the calorimetry technique; also, urine microalbumin was assayed by ELISA. Hepatic gene expressions of ABCA1, ABCG1, and miR-33 were evaluated by the real-time PCR method.
Results:
FBS levels in the captopril-treated group were significantly decreased compared with the untreated diabetic group. BUN levels of treated groups with captopril and a combination of captopril + spironolactone were significantly increased. GFR of both treated diabetic groups with captopril and spironolactone was significantly lower than an untreated diabetic group. ABCA1 gene expression in hepatic cells of the combination of spironolactone + captopril treated group was significantly increased compared to other treated and untreated diabetic groups. The hepatic expression of the ABCG1 gene in the treated and untreated diabetic groups was significantly lower than in the control group. Treatment of the diabetic group with only combination therapy decreased the hepatic gene expression of miR-33 significantly.
Conclusion:
Obtained results suggest that S+C combination therapy can improve nephropathy and diabetes disorders by targeting the ABCA1 and miR-33 gene expression. It is suggested miR-33 and ABCA1 genes evaluation could be a new therapeutic strategy for nephropathy diabetes remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Ghaffari
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Nariman Moradi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Elham Chamani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zahra Ebadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Reza Fadaei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahin Alizadeh-Fanalou
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Sahar Yarahmadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Soudabeh Fallah
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences
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8
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Lewandowski CT, Laham MS, Thatcher GR. Remembering your A, B, C's: Alzheimer's disease and ABCA1. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:995-1018. [PMID: 35530134 PMCID: PMC9072248 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of ATP binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1) is central to cholesterol mobilization. Reduced ABCA1 expression or activity is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other disorders. Therapeutic approaches to boost ABCA1 activity have yet to be translated successfully to the clinic. The risk factors for AD development and progression, including comorbid disorders such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, highlight the intersection of cholesterol transport and inflammation. Upregulation of ABCA1 can positively impact APOE lipidation, insulin sensitivity, peripheral vascular and blood–brain barrier integrity, and anti-inflammatory signaling. Various strategies towards ABCA1-boosting compounds have been described, with a bias toward nuclear hormone receptor (NHR) agonists. These agonists display beneficial preclinical effects; however, important side effects have limited development. In particular, ligands that bind liver X receptor (LXR), the primary NHR that controls ABCA1 expression, have shown positive effects in AD mouse models; however, lipogenesis and unwanted increases in triglyceride production are often observed. The longstanding approach, focusing on LXRβ vs. LXRα selectivity, is over-simplistic and has failed. Novel approaches such as phenotypic screening may lead to small molecule NHR modulators that elevate ABCA1 function without inducing lipogenesis and are clinically translatable.
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Ong KL, Cochran BBiotech BJ, Manandhar B, Thomas S, Rye KA. HDL maturation and remodelling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159119. [PMID: 35121104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol in the circulation is mostly transported in an esterified form as a component of lipoproteins. The majority of these cholesteryl esters are produced in nascent, discoidal high density lipoproteins (HDLs) by the enzyme, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). Discoidal HDLs are discrete populations of particles that consist of a phospholipid bilayer, the hydrophobic acyl chains of which are shielded from the aqueous environment by apolipoproteins that also confer water solubility on the particles. The progressive LCAT-mediated accumulation of cholesteryl esters in discoidal HDLs generates the spherical HDLs that predominate in normal human plasma. Spherical HDLs contain a core of water insoluble, neutral lipids (cholesteryl esters and triglycerides) that is surrounded by a surface monolayer of phospholipids with which apolipoproteins associate. Although spherical HDLs all have the same basic structure, they are extremely diverse in size, composition, and function. This review is concerned with how the biogenesis of discoidal and spherical HDLs is regulated and the mechanistic basis of their size and compositional heterogeneity. Current understanding of the impact of this heterogeneity on the therapeutic potential of HDLs of varying size and composition is also addressed in the context of several disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok-Leung Ong
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Blake J Cochran BBiotech
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bikash Manandhar
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shane Thomas
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Ibata T, Lyu J, Imachi H, Fukunaga K, Sato S, Kobayashi T, Saheki T, Yoshimura T, Murao K. Effects of 2-Methoxyestradiol, a Main Metabolite of Estradiol on Hepatic ABCA1 Expression in HepG2 Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020288. [PMID: 35057469 PMCID: PMC8779252 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a key regulator of lipid efflux, and the absence of ABCA1 induces hepatic lipid accumulation, which is one of the major causes of fatty liver. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2) has been demonstrated to protect against fatty liver. In this study, we investigated the effects of 2-ME2 on the hepatic lipid content and ABCA1 expression. We found that 2-ME2 dose-dependently increased ABCA1 expression, and therefore, the lipid content was significantly decreased in HepG2 cells. 2-ME2 enhanced the ABCA1 promoter activity; however, this effect was reduced after the inhibition of the PI3K pathway. The overexpression of Akt or p110 induced ABCA1 promoter activity, while dominant-negative Akt diminished the ability of 2-ME2 on ABCA1 promoter activity. Further, 2-ME2 stimulated the rapid phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO1 and reduced the nuclear accumulation of FoxO1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed that FoxO1 bonded to the ABCA1 promoter region. The binding was reduced by 2-ME2, which facilitated ABCA1 gene transcription. Furthermore, mutating FoxO1-binding sites in the ABCA1 promoter region or treatment with FoxO1-specific siRNA disrupted the effect of 2-ME2 on ABCA1 expression. All of our results demonstrated that 2-ME2 might upregulate ABCA1 expression via the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway, which thus reduces the lipid content in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ibata
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (T.I.); (J.L.); (H.I.); (K.F.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Jingya Lyu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (T.I.); (J.L.); (H.I.); (K.F.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.Y.)
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hitomi Imachi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (T.I.); (J.L.); (H.I.); (K.F.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Kensaku Fukunaga
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (T.I.); (J.L.); (H.I.); (K.F.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Seisuke Sato
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (T.I.); (J.L.); (H.I.); (K.F.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Toshihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (T.I.); (J.L.); (H.I.); (K.F.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Takanobu Saheki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (T.I.); (J.L.); (H.I.); (K.F.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Takafumi Yoshimura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (T.I.); (J.L.); (H.I.); (K.F.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Koji Murao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan; (T.I.); (J.L.); (H.I.); (K.F.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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Pan X. Cholesterol Metabolism in Chronic Kidney Disease: Physiology, Pathologic Mechanisms, and Treatment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:119-143. [PMID: 35503178 PMCID: PMC11106795 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
High plasma levels of lipids and/or lipoproteins are risk factors for atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity, and diabetes. These four conditions have also been identified as risk factors leading to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although many pathways that generate high plasma levels of these factors have been identified, most clinical and physiologic dysfunction results from aberrant assembly and secretion of lipoproteins. The results of several published studies suggest that elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol are a risk factor for atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, coronary artery calcification associated with type 2 diabetes, and NAFLD. Cholesterol metabolism has also been identified as an important pathway contributing to the development of CKD; clinical treatments designed to alter various steps of the cholesterol synthesis and metabolism pathway are currently under study. Cholesterol synthesis and catabolism contribute to a multistep process with pathways that are regulated at the cellular level in renal tissue. Cholesterol metabolism may also be regulated by the balance between the influx and efflux of cholesterol molecules that are capable of crossing the membrane of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells and podocytes. Cellular accumulation of cholesterol can result in lipotoxicity and ultimately kidney dysfunction and failure. Thus, further research focused on cholesterol metabolism pathways will be necessary to improve our understanding of the impact of cholesterol restriction, which is currently a primary intervention recommended for patients with dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Pan
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA.
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12
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Lyu J, Fukunaga K, Imachi H, Sato S, Kobayashi T, Saheki T, Ibata T, Yoshimura T, Iwama H, Murao K. Oxidized LDL Downregulates ABCA1 Expression via MEK/ERK/LXR Pathway in INS-1 Cells. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093017. [PMID: 34578896 PMCID: PMC8465850 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired insulin secretion is one of the main causes of type 2 diabetes. Cholesterol accumulation-induced lipotoxicity contributes to impaired insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. However, the detailed mechanism in this process remains unclear. In this study, we proved that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) reduced insulin content, decreased PDX-1 expression, and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in INS-1 cells, which were rescued by addition of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). OxLDL receptors and cholesterol content were increased by OxLDL. Consistently, OxLDL suppressed cholesterol transporter ABCA1 expression and transcription in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Inhibition of MEK by its specific inhibitor, PD98059, altered the effect of OxLDL on ABCA1 transcription and activation of ERK. Next, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that liver X receptor (LXR) could directly bind to ABCA1 promoter and this binding was inhibited by OxLDL. Furthermore, OxLDL decreased the nuclear LXR expression, which was prevented by HDL. LXR-enhanced ABCA1 transcription was suppressed by OxLDL, and the effect was cancelled by mutation of the LXR-binding sites. In summary, our study shows that OxLDL down-regulates ABCA1 expression by MEK/ERK/LXR pathway, leading to cholesterol accumulation in INS-1 cells, which may result in impaired insulin synthesis and GSIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Lyu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510632, China;
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (K.F.); (H.I.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.I.); (T.Y.)
| | - Kensaku Fukunaga
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (K.F.); (H.I.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.I.); (T.Y.)
| | - Hitomi Imachi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (K.F.); (H.I.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.I.); (T.Y.)
| | - Seisuke Sato
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (K.F.); (H.I.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.I.); (T.Y.)
| | - Toshihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (K.F.); (H.I.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.I.); (T.Y.)
| | - Takanobu Saheki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (K.F.); (H.I.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.I.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tomohiro Ibata
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (K.F.); (H.I.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.I.); (T.Y.)
| | - Takafumi Yoshimura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (K.F.); (H.I.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.I.); (T.Y.)
| | - Hisakazu Iwama
- Life Science Research Center, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan;
| | - Koji Murao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (K.F.); (H.I.); (S.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (T.I.); (T.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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Divalent Metal Transporter 1 Knock-Down Modulates IL-1β Mediated Pancreatic Beta-Cell Pro-Apoptotic Signaling Pathways through the Autophagic Machinery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158013. [PMID: 34360779 PMCID: PMC8348373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines promote cellular iron-import through enhanced divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) expression in pancreatic β-cells, consequently cell death. Inhibition of β-cell iron-import by DMT1 silencing protects against apoptosis in animal models of diabetes. However, how alterations of signaling networks contribute to the protective action of DMT1 knock-down is unknown. Here, we performed phosphoproteomics using our sequential enrichment strategy of mRNA, protein, and phosphopeptides, which enabled us to explore the concurrent molecular events in the same set of wildtype and DMT1-silenced β-cells during IL-1β exposure. Our findings reveal new phosphosites in the IL-1β-induced proteins that are clearly reverted by DMT1 silencing towards their steady-state levels. We validated the levels of five novel phosphosites of the potential protective proteins using parallel reaction monitoring. We also confirmed the inactivation of autophagic flux that may be relevant for cell survival induced by DMT1 silencing during IL-1β exposure. Additionally, the potential protective proteins induced by DMT1 silencing were related to insulin secretion that may lead to improving β-cell functions upon exposure to IL-1β. This global profiling has shed light on the signal transduction pathways driving the protection against inflammation-induced cell death in β-cells after DMT1 silencing.
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Zhang HF, Gao X, Wang X, Chen X, Huang Y, Wang L, Xu ZW. The mechanisms of renin-angiotensin system in hepatocellular carcinoma: From the perspective of liver fibrosis, HCC cell proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis, and corresponding protection measures. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111868. [PMID: 34328104 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, of which the occurrence and development involve a variety of pathophysiological processes, such as liver fibrosis, hepatocellular malignant proliferation, metastasis, and tumor angiogenesis. Some important cytokines, such as TGF-β, PI3K, protein kinase B (Akt), VEGF and NF-κB, can regulate the growth, proliferation, diffusion, metastasis, and apoptosis of HCC cells by acting on the corresponding signaling pathways. Besides, many studies have shown that the formation of HCC is closely related to the main components of renin-angiotensin system (RAS), such as Ang II, ACE, ACE2, MasR, AT1R, and AT2R. Therefore, this review focused on liver fibrosis, HCC cell proliferation, metastasis, tumor angiogenesis, and corresponding protective measures. ACE-Ang II-AT1 axis and ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-MasR axis were taken as the main lines to introduce the mechanism of RAS in the occurrence and development of HCC, so as to provide references for future clinical work and scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medical, the First Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Clinical Medical, the First Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Medical, the Second Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Clinical Medical, the Second Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Clinical Medical, the First Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Lang Wang
- Department of Clinical Medical, the First Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Zhou-Wei Xu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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15
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Liu J, Feng Y, Li N, Shao QY, Zhang QY, Sun C, Xu PF, Jiang CM. Activation of the RAS contributes to peritoneal fibrosis via dysregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F273-F284. [PMID: 33427062 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00149.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is characterized by progressive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) during long-term use of high glucose (HG)-based dialysates. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been shown to be associated with PF. The aim of this study was to explore the underlying mechanism of the RAS in HG-induced PF. We treated C57BL/6 mice and a human PMC line with HG to induce a PF model and to stimulate ECM accumulation, respectively. RAS activity was blocked using valsartan or angiotensin II (ANGII) type 1 receptor siRNA. The major findings were as follows. First, mice in the HG group exhibited increased collagen deposition and expression of ECM proteins, including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type I in the peritoneum. Consistent with the in vivo data, HG upregulated α-SMA expression in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Second, HG stimulation led to RAS activation in HPMCs, and inactivation of RAS decreased the expression of ECM proteins in vivo and in vitro, even during HG stimulation. Finally, RAS-mediated ECM production was associated with lipid accumulation in HPMCs and depended on the dysregulation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) pathway. HG-stimulated HPMCs showed increased coexpression of LDLr and α-SMA, whereas blockade of RAS activity reversed the effect. Furthermore, inhibition of LDLr signaling decreased α-SMA and collagen type I expression in HPMCs when treated with HG and ANG II. In conclusion, increased intracellular RAS activity impaired lipid homeostasis and induced ECM accumulation in HPMCs by disrupting the LDLr pathway, which contributed to PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiu-Yuan Shao
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing-Yan Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Ming Jiang
- Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Alyammahi SK, Abdin SM, Alhamad DW, Elgendy SM, Altell AT, Omar HA. The dynamic association between COVID-19 and chronic disorders: An updated insight into prevalence, mechanisms and therapeutic modalities. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 87:104647. [PMID: 33264669 PMCID: PMC7700729 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The devastating pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused thousands of deaths and left millions of restless patients suffering from its complications. Increasing data indicate that the disease presents in a severe form in patients with pre-existing chronic conditions like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, respiratory system diseases, and renal diseases. This denotes that these patients are more susceptible to COVID-19 and have higher mortality rates compared to patients with no comorbid conditions. Several factors can explain the heightened susceptibility and fatal presentation of COVID-19 in these patients, for example, the enhanced expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) in specific organs, cytokine storm, and drug interactions contribute to the increased morbidity and mortality. Adding to the findings that individuals with pre-existing conditions may be more susceptible to COVID-19, it has also been shown that COVID-19 can induce chronic diseases in previously healthy patients. Therefore, understanding the interlinked relationship between COVID-19 and chronic diseases helps in optimizing the management of susceptible patients. This review comprehensively described the molecular mechanisms that contribute to worse COVID-19 prognosis in patients with pre-existing comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal and renal diseases, blood disorders, autoimmune diseases, and finally, obesity. It also focused on how COVID-19 could, in some cases, lead to chronic conditions as a result of long-term multi-organ damage. Lastly, this work carefully discussed the tailored management plans for each specific patient population, aiming to achieve the best therapeutic outcome with minimum complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha K Alyammahi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shifaa M Abdin
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dima W Alhamad
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sara M Elgendy
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amani T Altell
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01002, United States of America
| | - Hany A Omar
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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17
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Cheema AK, Kaur P, Fadel A, Younes N, Zirie M, Rizk NM. Integrated Datasets of Proteomic and Metabolomic Biomarkers to Predict Its Impacts on Comorbidities of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2409-2431. [PMID: 32753925 PMCID: PMC7354282 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s244432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the current study is to accomplish a relative exploration of the biological roles of differentially dysregulated genes (DRGs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study aimed to determine the impact of these DRGs on the biological pathways and networks that are related to the associated disorders and complications in T2DM and to predict its role as prospective biomarkers. METHODS Datasets obtained from metabolomic and proteomic profiling were used for investigation of the differential expression of the genes. A subset of DRGs was integrated into IPA software to explore its biological pathways, related diseases, and their regulation in T2DM. Upon entry into the IPA, only 94 of the DRGs were recognizable, mapped, and matched within the database. RESULTS The study identified networks that explore the dysregulation of several functions; cell components such as degranulation of cells; molecular transport process and metabolism of cellular proteins; and inflammatory responses. Top disorders associated with DRGs in T2DM are related to organ injuries such as renal damage, connective tissue disorders, and acute inflammatory disorders. Upstream regulator analysis predicted the role of several transcription factors of interest, such as STAT3 and HIF alpha, as well as many kinases such as JAK kinases, which affects the gene expression of the dataset in T2DM. Interleukin 6 (IL6) is the top regulator of the DRGs, followed by leptin (LEP). Monitoring the dysregulation of the coupled expression of the following biomarkers (TNF, IL6, LEP, AGT, APOE, F2, SPP1, and INS) highlights that they could be used as potential prognostic biomarkers. CONCLUSION The integration of data obtained by advanced metabolomic and proteomic technologies has made it probable to advantage in understanding the role of these biomarkers in the identification of significant biological processes, pathways, and regulators that are associated with T2DM and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center at Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Prabhjit Kaur
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center at Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amina Fadel
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Noura Younes
- Clinical Chemistry Lab, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mahmoud Zirie
- Endocrine Department, Hammad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nasser M Rizk
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Physiology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
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18
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Lyu J, Imachi H, Fukunaga K, Sato S, Kobayashi T, Dong T, Saheki T, Matsumoto M, Iwama H, Zhang H, Murao K. Role of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 in suppressing lipid accumulation by glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist in hepatocytes. Mol Metab 2020; 34:16-26. [PMID: 32180556 PMCID: PMC6997505 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) influences hepatic cholesterol transportation. Accumulation of hepatic cholesterol leads to fatty liver disease, which is improved by glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in diabetes. Therefore, we analyzed the molecular mechanism in the regulation of hepatic ABCA1 by GLP-1 analogue exendin-4. Methods Hepatic ABCA1 expression and transcription were checked by western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and luciferase assay in HepG2 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and site-directed mutagenesis were employed to determine transcriptional regulation of the ABCA1 gene. Prolactin regulatory element-binding (PREB)-transgenic mice were generated to access the effect of exendin-4 on improving lipid accumulation caused by a high-fat diet (HFD). Results Exendin-4 stimulated hepatic ABCA1 expression and transcription via the Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase kinase/CaM-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKK/CaMKIV) pathway, whereas GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin9-39 cancelled this effect. Therefore, exendin-4 decreased hepatic lipid content. ChIP showed that PREB could directly bind to the ABCA1 promoter, which was enhanced by exendin-4. Moreover, PREB stimulated ABCA1 promoter activity, and mutation of PREB-binding site in ABCA1 promoter cancelled exendin-4-enhanced ABCA1 promoter activity. Silencing of PREB attenuated the effect of exendin-4 and induced hepatic cholesterol accumulation. Blockade of CaMKK by STO-609 or siRNA cancelled the upregulation of ABCA1 and PREB induced by exendin-4. In vivo, exendin-4 or overexpression of PREB increased hepatic ABCA1 expression and decreased hepatic lipid accumulation and high plasma cholesterol caused by a HFD. Conclusions Our data shows that exendin-4 stimulates hepatic ABCA1 expression and decreases lipid accumulation by the CaMKK/CaMKIV/PREB pathway, suggesting that ABCA1 and PREB might be the therapeutic targets in fatty liver disease. The GLP-1R agonist exendin-4 suppressed lipid accumulation by upregulating ABCA1 expression in hepatocytes. Exendin-4 regulated the expression and transcription of hepatic ABCA1 via the CaMKK/CaMKIV/PREB pathway. Overexpression of PREB or exendin-4 protected mouse liver from fatty liver by upregulation of ABCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Lyu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan; Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Ren Ai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Hitomi Imachi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kensaku Fukunaga
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Seisuke Sato
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Tao Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takanobu Saheki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Mari Matsumoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Iwama
- Life Science Research Center, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Huanxiang Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Ren Ai Road 199, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Koji Murao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
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Sun L, Bian K. The Nuclear Export and Ubiquitin-Proteasome-Dependent Degradation of PPARγ Induced By Angiotensin II. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1215-1224. [PMID: 31223281 PMCID: PMC6567814 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.29741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence has documented local angiotensin II (Ang II) as a pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory molecule contributes to progressive deterioration of organ function in diseases. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a ligand-activated transcription factor, plays crucial roles in protection against oxidative stress and inflammation. Ang II stimulation decreases PPARγ protein in multiple types of cells, while the regulatory role of Ang II on PPARγ is not clear. Here we show that Ang II down-regulated PPARγ in ECV304 cells through 2 actions, inducing nuclear export and loss of protein. The nuclear export of PPARγ occurred transiently in the early phase, while the reduction in PPARγ protein happened in the later phase and was more persistent. Both alterations in PPARγ were accompanied by the decrease in PPARγ-DNA binding activity. Reduction of PPARγ protein levels was also coupled with the inhibition of PPARγ target genes. In addition, activation of PPARγ by its ligand troglitazone could completely counteract both 2 actions of Ang II on PPARγ. Further studies demonstrated that the decline of PPARγ protein was in association with ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent degradation, which was supported by the increase in polyubiquitin-PPARγ conjugates and the inhibitory effect of lactacystin, a specific proteasome inhibitor, on the loss of PPARγ. Taken together, this study uncovers a novel means by which Ang II down-regulates PPARγ. This down-regulation disrupts nuclear PPARγ function, which may lead to the loss of beneficial effects of PPARγ in response to Ang II stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital; Tianjin Neurological Institute; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, 300052, PR China.,Murad Research Institute for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Ka Bian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Ross Hall 2300 Eye Street, NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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Zhao D, Cao Y, Yu CG, Yuan SS, Zhang N, Zhang YY, Staessen JA, Feng YM. The association of calcium channel blockers with β-cell function in type 2 diabetic patients: A cross-sectional study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2019; 21:638-647. [PMID: 30900372 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients are often accompanied with hypertension. However, the association of antihypertensive drugs with β-cell function has not been well studied. To investigate this question, the authors performed a cross-sectional study involving 882 hypertensive T2DM patients. To assess β-cell function, patients were given 75g glucose orally and C-peptide levels before and 1, 2, and 3 hours after glucose intake were measured. Homa-β was computed by Homeostasis Model Assessment model to evaluate β-cell function using fasting C-peptide and glucose levels in the plasma. Multivariable-adjusted analysis was performed to evaluate the association of antihypertensive drugs with C-peptide levels, HbA1c, and Homa-β. Among 882 hypertensive patients, 547 (62.0%) received antihypertensive treatment. Multivariate-adjusted analysis demonstrated that use of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) was negatively associated with HbA1c levels (CCBs: 0.95 [95% CI: 0.92-0.98], P = 0.002). Our data further illustrated that the C-peptide levels before and 1, 2, and 3 hours of OGTT were 1.10-, 1.18-, 1.19-, and 1.15-fold increase in T2DM patients taking CCBs (P = 0.084 for fasting C-peptide levels; P ≤ 0.024 for C-peptide levels at 1, 2, and 3 hours after OGTT) in comparison with non-CCB users. Nevertheless, usage of any other antihypertensive drugs did neither associated with HbA1c nor associated with C-peptide levels (P ≥ 0.11). In conclusion, CCB treatment was negatively associated with HbA1c levels but positively associated with β-cell function in hypertensive T2DM patients, implying that CCBs could be considered to treat hypertensive T2DM patients with reduced β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Endocrinology Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing Luhe hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cai-Guo Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Endocrinology Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing Luhe hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sha-Sha Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Endocrinology Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing Luhe hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Endocrinology Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing Luhe hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Endocrinology Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing Luhe hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jan A Staessen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ying-Mei Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Endocrinology Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing Luhe hospital, Beijing, China.,Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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