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Hermans EC, van Gerven CCE, Johnsen L, Tungen JE, Nijboer CH, de Theije CGM. Dietary LPC-Bound n-3 LCPUFA Protects against Neonatal Brain Injury in Mice but Does Not Enhance Stem Cell Therapy. Nutrients 2024; 16:2252. [PMID: 39064695 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury is a prominent cause of neurological morbidity, urging the development of novel therapies. Interventions with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide neuroprotection and neuroregeneration in neonatal HI animal models. While lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-bound n-3 LCPUFAs enhance brain incorporation, their effect on HI brain injury remains unstudied. This study investigates the efficacy of oral LPC-n-3 LCPUFAs from Lysoveta following neonatal HI in mice and explores potential additive effects in combination with MSC therapy. HI was induced in 9-day-old C57BL/6 mice and Lysoveta was orally supplemented for 7 subsequent days, with or without intranasal MSCs at 3 days post-HI. At 21-28 days post-HI, functional outcome was determined using cylinder rearing, novel object recognition, and open field tasks, followed by the assessment of gray (MAP2) and white (MBP) matter injury. Oral Lysoveta diminished gray and white matter injury but did not ameliorate functional deficits following HI. Lysoveta did not further enhance the therapeutic potential of MSC therapy. In vitro, Lysoveta protected SH-SY5Y neurons against oxidative stress. In conclusion, short-term oral administration of Lysoveta LPC-n-3 LCPUFAs provides neuroprotection against neonatal HI by mitigating oxidative stress injury but does not augment the efficacy of MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Hermans
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlon C E van Gerven
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Line Johnsen
- Aker BioMarine Human Ingredients AS, Oksenøyveien 10, 1327 Lysaker, Norway
| | - Jørn E Tungen
- Aker BioMarine Human Ingredients AS, Oksenøyveien 10, 1327 Lysaker, Norway
| | - Cora H Nijboer
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline G M de Theije
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Loukil I, Aguilera EC, Vachon A, Léveillé P, Plourde M. Sex, Body Mass Index, and APOE4 Increase Plasma Phospholipid-Eicosapentaenoic Acid Response During an ω-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation: A Secondary Analysis. J Nutr 2024; 154:1561-1570. [PMID: 38513888 PMCID: PMC11130699 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain is concentrated with omega (ω)-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FAs), and these FAs must come from the plasma pool. The 2 main ω-3 FAs, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), must be in the form of nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) or esterified within phospholipids (PLs) to reach the brain. We hypothesized that the plasma concentrations of these ω-3 FAs can be modulated by sex, body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), age, and the presence of the apolipoprotein (APO) E-ε4 allele in response to the supplementation. OBJECTIVES This secondary analysis aimed to determine the concentration of EPA and DHA within plasma PL and in the NEFA form after an ω-3 FA or a placebo supplementation and to investigate whether the factors change the response to the supplement. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to either an ω-3 FA supplement (DHA 0.8 g and EPA 1.7 g daily) or to a placebo for 6 mo. FAs from fasting plasma samples were extracted and subsequently separated into PLs with esterified FAs and NEFAs using solid-phase extraction. DHA and EPA concentrations in plasma PLs and as NEFAs were quantified using gas chromatography. RESULTS EPA and DHA concentrations in the NEFA pool significantly increased by 31%-71% and 42%-82%, respectively, after 1 and 6 mo of ω-3 FA supplementation. No factors influenced plasma DHA and EPA responses in the NEFA pool. In the plasma PL pool, DHA increased by 83%-109% and EPA by 387%-463% after 1 and 6 mo of ω-3 FA supplementation. APOE4 carriers, females, and individuals with a BMI of ≤25 had higher EPA concentrations than noncarriers, males, and those with a BMI of >25, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The concentration of EPA in plasma PLs are modulated by APOE4, sex, and BMI. These factors should be considered when designing clinical trials involving ω-3 FA supplementation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01625195.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insaf Loukil
- Département de médecine/service de gériatrie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche sur le vieillissement, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ester Cisneros Aguilera
- Département de médecine/service de gériatrie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche sur le vieillissement, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annick Vachon
- Département de médecine/service de gériatrie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche sur le vieillissement, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pauline Léveillé
- Département de médecine/service de gériatrie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche sur le vieillissement, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Département de médecine/service de gériatrie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche sur le vieillissement, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
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Berzal G, García-García P, Señoráns FJ. Integrated Process for Schizochytrium Oil Extraction, Enzymatic Modification of Lipids and Concentration of DHA Fatty Acid Esters Using Alternative Methodologies. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:146. [PMID: 38667763 PMCID: PMC11051022 DOI: 10.3390/md22040146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine microalgae Schizochytrium sp. have a high content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid that is attracting interest since it prevents certain neurodegenerative diseases. The obtention of a bioactive and purified DHA fatty acid ester using a whole-integrated process in which renewable sources and alternative methodologies are employed is the aim of this study. For this reason, lyophilized Schizochytrium biomass was used as an alternative to fish oil, and advanced extraction techniques as well as enzymatic modification were studied. Microalgal oil extraction was optimized via a surface-response method using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) obtaining high oil yields (29.06 ± 0.12%) with a high concentration of DHA (51.15 ± 0.72%). Then, the enzymatic modification of Schizochytrium oil was developed by ethanolysis using immobilized Candida antarctica B lipase (Novozym® 435) at two reaction temperatures and different enzymatic loads. The best condition (40 °C and 200 mg of lipase) produced the highest yield of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) (100%) after 8 h of a reaction attaining a cost-effective and alternative process. Finally, an enriched and purified fraction containing DHA-FAEE was obtained using open-column chromatography with a remarkably high concentration of 93.2 ± 1.3% DHA. The purified and bioactive molecules obtained in this study can be used as nutraceutical and active pharmaceutical intermediates of marine origin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francisco Javier Señoráns
- Healthy-Lipids Group, Food Science Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (G.B.); (P.G.-G.)
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Gusdon AM, Savarraj JPJ, Redell JB, Paz A, Hinds S, Burkett A, Torres G, Ren X, Badjatia N, Hergenroeder GW, Moore AN, Choi HA, Dash PK. Lysophospholipids Are Associated With Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:59-72. [PMID: 37551969 PMCID: PMC11071087 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) accounts for 70-90% of all TBI cases. Lipid metabolites have important roles in plasma membrane biogenesis, function, and cell signaling. As TBI can compromise plasma membrane integrity and alter brain cell function, we sought to identify circulating phospholipid alterations after mTBI, and determine if these changes were associated with clinical outcomes. Patients with mTBI (Glasgow Coma Score [GCS] ≥13 and loss of consciousness <30 min) were recruited. A total of 84 mTBI subjects were enrolled after admission to a level I trauma center, with the majority having evidence of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage on brain computed tomography (CT). Plasma samples were collected within 24 h of injury with 32 mTBI subjects returning at 3 months after injury for a second plasma sample to be collected. Thirty-five healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls and had a one-time blood draw. Lipid metabolomics was performed on plasma samples from each subject. Fold change of selected lipid metabolites was determined. Multivariable regression models were created to test associations between lipid metabolites and discharge and 6-month Glasgow Outcomes Scale-Extended (GOSE) outcomes (dichotomized between "good" [GOSE ≥7] and "bad" [GOSE ≤6] functional outcomes). Plasma levels of 31 lipid metabolites were significantly associated with discharge GOSE using univariate models; three of these metabolites were significantly increased, while 14 were significantly decreased in subjects with good outcomes compared with subjects with poor outcomes. In multivariable logistic regression models, higher circulating levels of the lysophospholipids (LPL) 1-linoleoyl-glycerophosphocholine (GPC) (18:2), 1-linoleoyl-GPE (18:2), and 1-linolenoyl-GPC (18:3) were associated with both good discharge GOSE (odds ratio [OR] 12.2 [95% CI 3.35, 58.3], p = 5.23 × 10-4; OR 9.43 [95% CI 2.87, 39.6], p = 7.26 × 10-4; and OR 5.26 [95% CI 1.99, 16.7], p = 2.04 × 10-3, respectively) and 6-month (OR 4.67 [95% CI 1.49, 17.7], p = 0.013; OR 2.93 [95% CI 1.11, 8.87], p = 0.039; and OR 2.57 [95% CI 1.08, 7.11], p = 0.046, respectively). Compared with healthy volunteers, circulating levels of these three LPLs were decreased early after injury and had normalized by 3 months after injury. Logistic regression models to predict functional outcomes were created by adding each of the described three LPLs to a baseline model that included age and sex. Including 1-linoleoyl-GPC (18:2) (8.20% improvement, p = 0.009), 1-linoleoyl-GPE (18:2) (8.85% improvement, p = 0.021), or 1-linolenoyl-GPC (18:3) (7.68% improvement, p = 0.012), significantly improved the area under the curve (AUC) for predicting discharge outcomes compared with the baseline model. Models including 1-linoleoyl-GPC (18:2) significantly improved AUC for predicting 6-month outcomes (9.35% improvement, p = 0.034). Models including principal components derived from 25 LPLs significantly improved AUC for prediction of 6-month outcomes (16.0% improvement, p = 0.020). Our results demonstrate that higher plasma levels of LPLs (1-linoleoyl-GPC, 1-linoleoyl-GPE, and 1-linolenoyl-GPC) after mTBI are associated with better functional outcomes at discharge and 6 months after injury. This class of phospholipids may represent a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Gusdon
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jude PJ Savarraj
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John B. Redell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Atzhiry Paz
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sarah Hinds
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Angela Burkett
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Glenda Torres
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xuefang Ren
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Neeraj Badjatia
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Georgene W. Hergenroeder
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony N. Moore
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - H. Alex Choi
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pramod K. Dash
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Macias S, Yilmaz A, Kirma J, Moore SE, Woodside JV, Graham SF, Green BD. Non-targeted LC-MS/MS metabolomic profiling of human plasma uncovers a novel Mediterranean diet biomarker panel. Metabolomics 2023; 20:3. [PMID: 38066384 PMCID: PMC10709258 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Consumption of a Mediterranean diet (MD) has established health benefits, and the identification of novel biomarkers could enable objective monitoring of dietary pattern adherence. OBJECTIVES The present investigation performed untargeted metabolomics on blood plasma from a controlled study of MD adherence, to identify novel blood-based metabolite biomarkers associated with the MD pattern, and to build a logistic regression model that could be used to characterise MD adherence. METHODS A hundred and thirty-five plasma samples from n = 58 patients collected at different time points were available. Using a 14-point scale MD Score (MDS) subjects were divided into 'high' or 'low' MDS adherence groups and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was applied for analysis. RESULTS The strongest association with MDS was pectenotoxin 2 seco acid (r = 0.53; ROC = 0.78), a non-toxic marine xenobiotic metabolite. Several lipids were useful biomarkers including eicosapentaenoic acid, the structurally related lysophospholipid (20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/0:0), a phosphatidylcholine (P-18:1(9Z)/16:0) and also xi-8-hydroxyhexadecanedioic acid. Two metabolites negatively correlated with MDS, these were the monoacylglycerides (0:0/16:1(9Z)/0:0) and (0:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/0:0). By stepwise elimination we selected a panel of 3 highly discriminatory metabolites and developed a linear regression model which identified 'high MDS' individuals with high sensitivity and specificity [AUC (95% CI) 0.83 (0.76-0.97)]. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the utility of metabolomics as an approach for developing novel panels of dietary biomarkers. Quantitative profiling of these metabolites is required to validate their utility for evaluating dietary adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Macias
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ali Yilmaz
- Metabolomics Department, Corewell Health Research Institute, 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
| | - Joseph Kirma
- Michigan Medicine University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sarah E Moore
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Jayne V Woodside
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Stewart F Graham
- Metabolomics Department, Corewell Health Research Institute, 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, 3601 W.13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
| | - Brian D Green
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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Zhao J, Ye L, Liu Z, Wu J, Deng D, An L, Bai S, Yang L, Liu B, Shi Y, Liu Z, Zhang R. The Effects of Early-Life Stress on Liver Transcriptomics and the Protective Role of EPA in a Mouse Model of Early-Life-Stress-Induced Adolescent Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13131. [PMID: 37685937 PMCID: PMC10487865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life stress (ELS) was found to increase the risk of adolescent depression, and clinical evidence indicated that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was decreased in patients with adolescent depression, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we utilized an ELS model of maternal separation with early weaning to explore the protective role of EPA in adolescent depression. We found that that ELS induced depression-like behavior rather than anxiety-like behavior in adolescent mice. RNA-sequencing results showed that ELS changed the transcription pattern in the liver, including 863 upregulated genes and 971 downregulated genes, especially those related to the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids metabolism in the liver. Moreover, ELS decreased the expression of the rate-limiting enzymes, fatty acid desaturases 1/2 (FADS1/2), involved in the biosynthesis of EPA in the liver. Additionally, ELS reduced the levels of EPA in the liver, serum, and hippocampus, and EPA administration improved depression-like behavior-induced by ELS. Our results provide transcriptomic evidence that ELS increases the risk of adolescent depression by reducing the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in the liver, especially EPA, and suggest that supplementation with EPA should be investigated as a potential treatment for adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.L.); (D.D.); (L.A.); (S.B.); (L.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Lihong Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.L.); (D.D.); (L.A.); (S.B.); (L.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Zuyi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.L.); (D.D.); (L.A.); (S.B.); (L.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Jiayi Wu
- School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Di Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.L.); (D.D.); (L.A.); (S.B.); (L.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Lin An
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.L.); (D.D.); (L.A.); (S.B.); (L.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Shasha Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.L.); (D.D.); (L.A.); (S.B.); (L.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Lei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.L.); (D.D.); (L.A.); (S.B.); (L.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Binjie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.L.); (D.D.); (L.A.); (S.B.); (L.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Yafei Shi
- School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.L.); (D.D.); (L.A.); (S.B.); (L.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Rong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.L.); (D.D.); (L.A.); (S.B.); (L.Y.); (B.L.)
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Tanaka-Kanegae R, Kimura H, Hamada K. Oral Administration of Egg- and Soy-Derived Lysophosphatidylcholine Mitigated Acetylcholine Depletion in the Brain of Scopolamine-Treated Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:3618. [PMID: 37630808 PMCID: PMC10458616 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-modified lecithin that contains lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is generally recognized as safe. However, its potential as a functional ingredient has been less investigated than other choline (Ch)-containing compounds, such as glycerophosphocholine (GPC). Reports on the possibility of LPC functioning as a cholinergic precursor in vivo and on its kinetics are limited to docosahexaenoic acid-bound LPC. Herein, three experiments were performed to investigate these processes in scopolamine (SCO)-treated rats. First, an egg-derived LPC reagent was orally administered to rats, and brain acetylcholine (ACh), Ch, plasma Ch, and LPC were measured. Second, soy- and rapeseed-derived enzyme-modified lecithins and GPC were administered for comparison. Third, soy-derived enzyme-modified lecithins with different fat contents were administered for comparison. The LPC reagent mitigated SCO-induced ACh depletion at 500 mg/kg body weight and increased plasma Ch, but not LPC, concentrations. Additionally, soy-derived LPC-containing food additive counteracted brain ACh depletion similarly to GPC. Interestingly, plasma Ch and linoleoyl-LPC levels were higher when soy-derived LPC with a higher fat content was administered, whereas the plasma levels of palmitoyl-LPC decreased and those of total LPC remained constant. In conclusion, egg- and soy-derived LPC species function as cholinergic precursors in vivo, and future studies should explore this potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Tanaka-Kanegae
- Saga Nutraceuticals Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 5006-5 Aza Higashiyama, Yoshinogari-cho, Kanzaki-gun, Omagari, Saga 842-0195, Japan
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Xia J, Yang L, Huang C, Deng S, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Song C. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Eicosapentaenoic Acid or Docosahexaenoic Acid Improved Ageing-Associated Cognitive Decline by Regulating Glial Polarization. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:398. [PMID: 37504929 PMCID: PMC10382059 DOI: 10.3390/md21070398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation induced by microglial and astrocyte polarizations may contribute to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, but conflicting results were reported after different n-3 PUFA treatments. This study examined both the change in glial polarizations in ageing rats and the differential effects of two omega-3 PUFAs. The results showed that both PUFAs improved spatial memory in ageing rats, with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) being more effective than eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The imbalance between microglial M1/M2 polarizations, such as up-regulating ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1) and down-regulating CD206 and arginase-1 (ARG-1) was reversed in the hippocampus by both n-3 PUFAs, while the DHA effect on CD206 was stronger. Astrocyte A1 polarization presented increasing S100B and C3 but decreasing A2 parameter S100A10 in the ageing brain, which were restored by both PUFAs, while DHA was more effective on S100A10 than EPA. Consistent with microglial M1 activation, the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were significantly increased, which were attenuated by DHA, while EPA only suppressed IL-6. In correlation with astrocyte changes, brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor was increased in ageing rats, which was more powerfully down-regulated by DHA than EPA. In summary, enhanced microglial M1 and astrocytic A1 polarizations may contribute to increased brain pro-inflammatory cytokines, while DHA was more powerful than EPA to alleviate ageing-associated neuroimmunological changes, thereby better-improving memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xia
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Longen Yang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chengyi Huang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shuyi Deng
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhiyou Yang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Marine Medicine Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yongping Zhang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Marine Medicine Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Marine Medicine Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
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9
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Sugasini D, Park JC, McAnany JJ, Kim TH, Ma G, Yao X, Antharavally B, Oroskar A, Oroskar AA, Layden BT, Subbaiah PV. Improvement of retinal function in Alzheimer disease-associated retinopathy by dietary lysophosphatidylcholine-EPA/DHA. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9179. [PMID: 37280266 PMCID: PMC10244360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia in the elderly. Although impaired cognition and memory are the most prominent features of AD, abnormalities in visual functions often precede them, and are increasingly being used as diagnostic and prognostic markers for the disease. Retina contains the highest concentration of the essential fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the body, and its deficiency is associated with several retinal diseases including diabetic retinopathy and age related macular degeneration. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that enriching retinal DHA through a novel dietary approach could ameliorate symptoms of retinopathy in 5XFAD mice, a widely employed model of AD. The results show that 5XFAD mice have significantly lower retinal DHA compared to their wild type littermates, and feeding the lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) form of DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) rapidly normalizes the DHA levels, and increases retinal EPA by several-fold. On the other hand, feeding similar amounts of DHA and EPA in the form of triacylglycerol had only modest effects on retinal DHA and EPA. Electroretinography measurements after 2 months of feeding the experimental diets showed a significant improvement in a-wave and b-wave functions by the LPC-diet, whereas the TAG-diet had only a modest benefit. Retinal amyloid β levels were decreased by about 50% by the LPC-DHA/EPA diet, and by about 17% with the TAG-DHA/EPA diet. These results show that enriching retinal DHA and EPA through dietary LPC could potentially improve visual abnormalities associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhavamani Sugasini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Jason C Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - J Jason McAnany
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Guangying Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Xincheng Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | | | - Anil Oroskar
- Orochem Technologies, Inc, Naperville, IL, 60563, USA
| | | | - Brian T Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Papasani V Subbaiah
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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10
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Zeleznik OA, Welling DB, Stankovic K, Frueh L, Balasubramanian R, Curhan GC, Curhan SG. Association of Plasma Metabolomic Biomarkers With Persistent Tinnitus: A Population-Based Case-Control Study. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 149:404-415. [PMID: 36928544 PMCID: PMC10020935 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2023.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Importance Persistent tinnitus is common, disabling, and difficult to treat. Objective To evaluate the association between circulating metabolites and persistent tinnitus. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a population-based case-control study of 6477 women who were participants in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHS II with metabolomic profiles and tinnitus data. Information on tinnitus onset and frequency was collected on biennial questionnaires (2009-2017). For cases, metabolomic profiles were measured (2015-2021) in blood samples collected after the date of the participant's first report of persistent tinnitus (NHS, 1989-1999 and 2010-2012; NHS II, 1996-1999). Data analyses were performed from January 24, 2022, to January 14, 2023. Exposures In total, 466 plasma metabolites from 488 cases of persistent tinnitus and 5989 controls were profiled using 3 complementary liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry approaches. Main Outcomes and Measures Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of persistent tinnitus (per 1 SD increase in metabolite values) and 95% CIs for each individual metabolite. Metabolite set enrichment analysis was used to identify metabolite classes enriched for associations with tinnitus. Results Of the 6477 study participants (mean [SD] age, 52 [9] years; 6477 [100%] female; 6121 [95%] White individuals) who were registered nurses, 488 reported experiencing daily persistent (≥5 minutes) tinnitus. Compared with participants with no tinnitus (5989 controls), those with persistent tinnitus were slightly older (53.0 vs 51.8 years) and more likely to be postmenopausal, using oral postmenopausal hormone therapy, and have type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and/or hearing loss at baseline. Compared with controls, homocitrulline (OR, 1.32; (95% CI, 1.16-1.50); C38:6 phosphatidylethanolamine (PE; OR, 1.24; 95% CIs, 1.12-1.38), C52:6 triglyceride (TAG; OR, 1.22; 95% CIs, 1.10-1.36), C36:4 PE (OR, 1.22; 95% CIs, 1.10-1.35), C40:6 PE (OR, 1.22; 95% CIs, 1.09-1.35), and C56:7 TAG (OR, 1.21; 95% CIs, 1.09-1.34) were positively associated, whereas α-keto-β-methylvalerate (OR, 0.68; 95% CIs, 0.56-0.82) and levulinate (OR, 0.60; 95% CIs, 0.46-0.79) were inversely associated with persistent tinnitus. Among metabolite classes, TAGs (normalized enrichment score [NES], 2.68), PEs (NES, 2.48), and diglycerides (NES, 1.65) were positively associated, whereas phosphatidylcholine plasmalogens (NES, -1.91), lysophosphatidylcholines (NES, -2.23), and cholesteryl esters (NES,-2.31) were inversely associated with persistent tinnitus. Conclusions and Relevance This population-based case-control study of metabolomic profiles and tinnitus identified novel plasma metabolites and metabolite classes that were significantly associated with persistent tinnitus, suggesting that metabolomic studies may help improve understanding of tinnitus pathophysiology and identify therapeutic targets for this challenging disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana A. Zeleznik
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - D. Bradley Welling
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston
| | - Konstantina Stankovic
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Lisa Frueh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raji Balasubramanian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
| | - Gary C. Curhan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sharon G. Curhan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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11
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Ahmmed MK, Hachem M, Ahmmed F, Rashidinejad A, Oz F, Bekhit AA, Carne A, Bekhit AEDA. Marine Fish-Derived Lysophosphatidylcholine: Properties, Extraction, Quantification, and Brain Health Application. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073088. [PMID: 37049852 PMCID: PMC10095705 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids esterified in lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC-omega-3) are the most bioavailable omega-3 fatty acid form and are considered important for brain health. Lysophosphatidylcholine is a hydrolyzed phospholipid that is generated from the action of either phospholipase PLA1 or PLA2. There are two types of LPC; 1-LPC (where the omega-3 fatty acid at the sn-2 position is acylated) and 2-LPC (where the omega-3 fatty acid at the sn-1 position is acylated). The 2-LPC type is more highly bioavailable to the brain than the 1-LPC type. Given the biological and health aspects of LPC types, it is important to understand the structure, properties, extraction, quantification, functional role, and effect of the processing of LPC. This review examines various aspects involved in the extraction, characterization, and quantification of LPC. Further, the effects of processing methods on LPC and the potential biological roles of LPC in health and wellbeing are discussed. DHA-rich-LysoPLs, including LPC, can be enzymatically produced using lipases and phospholipases from wide microbial strains, and the highest yields were obtained by Lipozyme RM-IM®, Lipozyme TL-IM®, and Novozym 435®. Terrestrial-based phospholipids generally contain lower levels of long-chain omega-3 PUFAs, and therefore, they are considered less effective in providing the same health benefits as marine-based LPC. Processing (e.g., thermal, fermentation, and freezing) reduces the PL in fish. LPC containing omega-3 PUFA, mainly DHA (C22:6 omega-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid EPA (C20:5 omega-3) play important role in brain development and neuronal cell growth. Additionally, they have been implicated in supporting treatment programs for depression and Alzheimer’s. These activities appear to be facilitated by the acute function of a major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2 (Mfsd2a), expressed in BBB endothelium, as a chief transporter for LPC-DHA uptake to the brain. LPC-based delivery systems also provide the opportunity to improve the properties of some bioactive compounds during storage and absorption. Overall, LPCs have great potential for improving brain health, but their safety and potentially negative effects should also be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Kaizer Ahmmed
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Department of Fishing and Post-Harvest Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Mayssa Hachem
- Department of Chemistry and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatema Ahmmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Ali Rashidinejad
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Fatih Oz
- Department of Food Engineering, Ataturk University, Yakutiye 25030, Turkey
| | - Adnan A. Bekhit
- Allied Health Department, College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Sakhir 32038, Bahrain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Alan Carne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Alaa El-Din A. Bekhit
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-3-479-4994
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12
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Enrichment of Brain n-3 Docosapentaenoic Acid (DPA) and Retinal n-3 Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) in Lambs Fed Nannochloropsis oceanica Microalga. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050828. [PMID: 36899687 PMCID: PMC10000189 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have special physiological functions in both brain and retinal tissues that are related to the modulation of inflammatory processes and direct effects on neuronal membrane fluidity, impacting mental and visual health. Among them, the long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFAs, as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are of special importance. Scarce data are available about the fatty acid (FA) composition of the ruminant brain in response to dietary intervention. However, we decided to examine the brain and retina FA composition of lambs supplemented with an EPA-rich microalga feed for 21 days, as it is known that despite the extensive biohydrogenation of dietary PUFAs in the rumen, ruminants can selectively accumulate some n-3 LC-PUFAs in their brain and retinal tissues. Twenty-eight male lambs were fed a control diet, or the same diet further supplemented with Nannochloropsis sp. microalga. Their brains and retina were collected for FA characterization. Overall, the brain FA profile remained unchanged, with little alteration in omega-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) enhancement in both the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Retinal tissues were particularly responsive to the dietary intervention, with a 4.5-fold enhancement of EPA in the freeze-dried-fed lambs compared with the control lambs. We conclude that retinal tissues are sensitive to short-term n-3 PUFA supplementation in lambs.
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13
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Mfsd2a attenuated hypoxic-ischemic brain damage via protection of the blood-brain barrier in mfat-1 transgenic mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:71. [PMID: 36820986 PMCID: PMC9950179 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04716-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that mfat-1 transgenic mice have protective effects against some central nervous system (CNS) disorders, owing to the high docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content enriched in their brains. However, whether this protective effect is connected to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms of the protective effect against hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) of mfat-1 transgenic mice. mfat-1 mice not only demonstrated a significant amelioration of neurological dysfunction and neuronal damage but also partly maintained the physiological permeability of the BBB after HIBD. We initially showed this was associated with elevated major facilitator superfamily domain-containing 2a (Mfsd2a) expression on the BBB, resulting from more lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-DHA entering the brain. Wild-type (WT) mice showed a similar Mfsd2a expression trend after long-term feeding with an LPC-DHA-rich diet. Knockdown of Mfsd2a by siRNA intra-cerebroventricular (ICV) injection neutralized the protective effect against HIBD-induced BBB disruption in mfat-1 mice, further validating the protective function of Mfsd2a on BBB. HIBD-induced BBB high permeability was attenuated by Mfsd2a, primarily through a transcellular pathway to decrease caveolae-like vesicle-mediated transcytosis. Taken together, these findings not only reveal that mfat-1 transgenic mice have higher expression of Mfsd2a on the BBB, which partly sustains BBB permeability via vesicular transcytosis to alleviate the severity of HIBD, but also suggest that dietary intake of LPC-DHA may upregulate Mfsd2a expression as a novel therapeutic strategy for BBB dysfunction and survival in HIBD patients.
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14
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Positional Distribution of Fatty Acids in Processed Chinook Salmon Roe Lipids Determined by 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR). MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010454. [PMID: 36615643 PMCID: PMC9824307 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been great interest in the lipidomic of marine lipids and their potential health benefits. Processing of seafood products can potentially modify the characteristics and composition of lipids. The present study investigated the effect of processing methods (salting and fermentation) on the positional distribution of fatty acids of Chinook salmon roe using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The NMR analysis provided information on the carbonyl atom, double bond/olefinic, glycerol backbone, aliphatic group, and chain ending methyl group regions. The obtained data showed that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the main fatty acid esterified at the sn-2 position of the triacylglycerides (TAGs), while other fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and stearidonic acid (SDA), were randomly distributed or preferentially esterified at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions. Fermentation of salmon roe was found to enrich the level of DHA at the sn-2 position of the TAG. The processing of roe by both salt drying and fermentation did not appear to affect the proportion of EPA at the sn-2 position. This present study demonstrated that fish roe processing can enhance the proportion of DHA at the sn-2 position and potentially improve its bioavailability.
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15
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Sun Y, Zhou L, Shan X, Zhao T, Cui M, Hao W, Wei B. Untargeted components and in vivo metabolites analyses of Polygonatum under different processing times. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Cui XY, Jiang S, Wang CC, Yang JY, Zhao YC, Xue CH, Wang YM, Zhang TT. Comparative Analyses of EPA-Phosphatidylcholine, EPA-Lysophosphatidylcholine, and DHA-Lysophosphatidylcholine on DHA and EPA Repletion in n-3 PUFA-Deficient Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13327-13339. [PMID: 36197792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) play an important role in maintaining the physiological functions of tissues, and the beneficial effects of DHA/EPA in phospholipid forms have been widely reported. Although lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is considered to be the preferred form of DHA supplementation for the brain, the kinetics of DHA and EPA recovery and corresponding changes of n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and arachidonic acid (AA) levels in different phospholipid molecules and different tissues after administration of EPA in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and LPC forms and DHA in the LPC form are not clear. Here, we measured the total fatty acids in tissues and fatty acid composition of different phospholipid molecules after gavage administration of equal molar amounts of EPA/DHA in mice with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) deficiency induced by maternal dietary deprivation of n-3 PUFA during pregnancy and lactation. The results showed that dietary supplementation with EPA-PC, EPA-LPC, and DHA-LPC exhibited different priorities for EPA or DHA accretion and supplementation efficiency curves in different tissues during the developing period. EPA-PC exhibited a more optimal efficacy in DHA and EPA repletion in serum and hepatic total fatty acids. In terms of DHA recovery in the brain, EPA-LPC and DHA-LPC showed great effects. Meanwhile, the DHA level in total fatty acids and major fractions of phospholipids (PC, PE, and PI + PS) in the heart and bone marrow with the supplementation of DHA-LPC displayed a relatively considerable increase compared with that of EPA supplementation groups. The study provides a reference for the time course of DHA or EPA recovery in phospholipid molecular species in different tissues after the supplementation of EPA-PC, EPA-LPC, and DHA-LPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Shan Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Yue Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Cai Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs & Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs & Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
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17
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Ahmmed MK, Carne A, Tian H(S, Bekhit AEDA. The effect of pulsed electric fields on the extracted total lipid yield and the lipidomic profile of hoki roe. Food Chem 2022; 384:132476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Zhang W, Zhao H, Du P, Cui H, Lu S, Xiang Z, Lu Q, Jia S, Zhao M. Integration of metabolomics and lipidomics reveals serum biomarkers for systemic lupus erythematosus with different organs involvement. Clin Immunol 2022; 241:109057. [PMID: 35667550 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects various organs or systems. We performed metabolomic and lipidomic profiles analyses of 133 SLE patients and 30 HCs. Differential metabolites and lipids were integrated, and then the biomarker panel was identified using binary logistic regression. We found that a combination of four metabolites or lipids could distinguish SLE from HC with an AUC of 0.998. Three lipids were combined to differentiate inactive SLE and active SLE. The AUC was 0.767. In addition, we also identified the biomarkers for different organ phenotypes of SLE. The AUCs for diagnosing SLE patients with only kidney involvement, skin involvement, blood system involvement, and multisystem involvement were 0.766, 0.718, 0.951, and 0.909, respectively. Our study succeeded in identifying biomarkers associated with different clinical phenotypes in SLE patients, which could facilitate a more precise diagnosis and assessment of disease progression in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hongjun Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Pei Du
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Haobo Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Shuang Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Sujie Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha 410011, China.
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19
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Papangelis A, Ulven T. Synthesis of Lysophosphatidylcholine and Mixed Phosphatidylcholine. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8194-8197. [PMID: 35649118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) are important membrane constituents implicated in signaling and immune regulation. Synthesis of LPCs is challenging due to rapid acyl migration, e.g., induced by chromatography. We here report a highly regioselective synthesis of LPC and mixed PC via an intermediate allowing specific terminal acyl introduction, yielding the pure LPC without chromatography by an exceedingly mild TBS deprotection, using 1 equiv of TFA in aqueous solution. The method enabled the synthesis of glycerol-, acyl-, and choline-labeled LPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Papangelis
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Khalid W, Gill P, Arshad MS, Ali A, Ranjha MMAN, Mukhtar S, Afzal F, Maqbool Z. Functional behavior of DHA and EPA in the formation of babies brain at different stages of age, and protect from different brain-related diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2070642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Poonam Gill
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Anwar Ali
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, China
| | | | - Shanza Mukhtar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fareed Afzal
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Maqbool
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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21
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Parnova RG. Critical Role of Endothelial Lysophosphatidylcholine Transporter Mfsd2a in Maintaining Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity and Delivering Omega 3 PUFA to the Brain. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Emerging Role of Phospholipids and Lysophospholipids for Improving Brain Docosahexaenoic Acid as Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies for Neurological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073969. [PMID: 35409331 PMCID: PMC9000073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) essential for neural development, learning, and vision. Although DHA can be provided to humans through nutrition and synthesized in vivo from its precursor alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3), deficiencies in cerebral DHA level were associated with neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. The aim of this review was to develop a complete understanding of previous and current approaches and suggest future approaches to target the brain with DHA in different lipids’ forms for potential prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Since glycerophospholipids (GPs) play a crucial role in DHA transport to the brain, we explored their biosynthesis and remodeling pathways with a focus on cerebral PUFA remodeling. Following this, we discussed the brain content and biological properties of phospholipids (PLs) and Lyso-PLs with omega-3 PUFA focusing on DHA’s beneficial effects in healthy conditions and brain disorders. We emphasized the cerebral accretion of DHA when esterified at sn-2 position of PLs and Lyso-PLs. Finally, we highlighted the importance of DHA-rich Lyso-PLs’ development for pharmaceutical applications since most commercially available DHA formulations are in the form of PLs or triglycerides, which are not the preferred transporter of DHA to the brain.
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23
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Emma EM, Amanda J. Dietary lipids from body to brain. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 85:101144. [PMID: 34915080 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary habits have drastically changed over the last decades in Western societies. The Western diet, rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA), trans fatty acids (TFA), omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) and cholesterol, is accepted as an important factor in the development of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes type 2. Alongside these diseases, nutrition is associated with the prevalence of brain disorders. Although clinical and epidemiological studies revealed that metabolic diseases and brain disorders might be related, the underlying pathology is multifactorial, making it hard to determine causal links. Neuroinflammation can be a result of unhealthy diets that may cause alterations in peripheral metabolism. Especially, dietary fatty acids are of interest, as they act as signalling molecules responsible for inflammatory processes. Diets rich in n-6 PUFA, SFA and TFA increase neuroinflammation, whereas diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), omega-3 (n-3) PUFA and sphingolipids (SL) can diminish neuroinflammation. Moreover, these pro- and anti-inflammatory diets might indirectly influence neuroinflammation via the adipose tissue, microbiome, intestine and vasculature. Here, we review the impact of nutrition on brain health. In particular, we will discuss the role of dietary lipids in signalling pathways directly applicable to inflammation and neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Emma
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J Amanda
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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24
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Engel KM, Schiller J, Galuska CE, Fuchs B. Phospholipases and Reactive Oxygen Species Derived Lipid Biomarkers in Healthy and Diseased Humans and Animals - A Focus on Lysophosphatidylcholine. Front Physiol 2021; 12:732319. [PMID: 34858200 PMCID: PMC8631503 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.732319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids (PL) are converted into lipid biomarkers by the action of phospholipases and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are activated or released under certain physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Therefore, the in vivo concentration of such lipid biomarkers [e.g., lysophospholipids (LPLs)] is altered in humans and animals under different conditions such as inflammation, stress, medication, and nutrition. LPLs are particularly interesting because they are known to possess pro- and anti-inflammatory properties and may be generated by two different pathways: either by the influence of phospholipase A2 or by different reactive oxygen species that are generated in significant amounts under inflammatory conditions. Both lead to the cleavage of unsaturated acyl residues. This review provides a short summary of the mechanisms by which lipid biomarkers are generated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The focus will be on lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) because usually, this is the LPL species which occurs in the highest concentration and is, thus, easily detectable by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Finally, the effects of lipid biomarkers as signaling molecules and their roles in different human and animal pathologies such as infertility, cancer, atherosclerosis, and aging will be shortly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin M Engel
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christina E Galuska
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Beate Fuchs
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
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25
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Heath RJ, Wood TR. Why Have the Benefits of DHA Not Been Borne Out in the Treatment and Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease? A Narrative Review Focused on DHA Metabolism and Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11826. [PMID: 34769257 PMCID: PMC8584218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid rich in seafood, is linked to Alzheimer's Disease via strong epidemiological and pre-clinical evidence, yet fish oil or other DHA supplementation has not consistently shown benefit to the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Furthermore, autopsy studies of Alzheimer's Disease brain show variable DHA status, demonstrating that the relationship between DHA and neurodegeneration is complex and not fully understood. Recently, it has been suggested that the forms of DHA in the diet and plasma have specific metabolic fates that may affect brain uptake; however, the effect of DHA form on brain uptake is less pronounced in studies of longer duration. One major confounder of studies relating dietary DHA and Alzheimer's Disease may be that adipose tissue acts as a long-term depot of DHA for the brain, but this is poorly understood in the context of neurodegeneration. Future work is required to develop biomarkers of brain DHA and better understand DHA-based therapies in the setting of altered brain DHA uptake to help determine whether brain DHA should remain an important target in the prevention of Alzheimer's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory J. Heath
- Emergency Medicine Department, Derriford Hospital, University Hospitals Plymouth, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK;
| | - Thomas R. Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL 32502, USA
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26
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Proteomic and lipidomic profiling of demyelinating lesions identifies fatty acids as modulators in lesion recovery. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109898. [PMID: 34706241 PMCID: PMC8567315 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
After demyelinating injury of the central nervous system, resolution of the mounting acute inflammation is crucial for the initiation of a regenerative response. Here, we aim to identify fatty acids and lipid mediators that govern the balance of inflammatory reactions within demyelinating lesions. Using lipidomics, we identify bioactive lipids in the resolution phase of inflammation with markedly elevated levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Using fat-1 transgenic mice, which convert n-6 fatty acids to n-3 fatty acids, we find that reduction of the n-6/n-3 ratio decreases the phagocytic infiltrate. In addition, we observe accelerated decline of microglia/macrophages and enhanced generation of oligodendrocytes in aged mice when n-3 fatty acids are shuttled to the brain. Thus, n-3 fatty acids enhance lesion recovery and may, therefore, provide the basis for pro-regenerative medicines of demyelinating diseases in the central nervous system.
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27
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Estiasih T, Marianty R, Ahmadi K. Characteristics and emulsifying properties of structured phospholipids from palm pressed fiber and omega-3 fatty acid concentrates from by-products of fish processing by enzymatic acidolysis. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:3689-3700. [PMID: 34471293 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of structured phospholipids (SPLs) containing ω-3 fatty acids was carried out through enzymatic acidolysis reactions using lipase from Rhizomucor miehei between palm pressed fiber phospholipids (PPF PL) with four ω-3 fatty acid concentrates as different acyl sources. The purity of SPLs increased compared to original PPF PLs. The degree of ω-3 fatty acid incorporation to the SPLs was different that depended on the sources of acyl. The highest degree of incorporation was in PE (phosphatidylethanolamine). The phenomenon of acyl migration of EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) was found from the sn-1 to the sn-2 position of the PE. This acyl migration occurred at all four SPLs. Modification of PLs made better emulsifying properties for oil in water emulsion system, compared to PPF PL. The increase in the HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) value, EAI (emulsifying activity index), and ESI (emulsion stability index) of SPLs compared to PPF PL was supposed to relate to an increase in polarity. The composition of more polar PLs (PC/phosphatidylcholine, PE, PG/phosphatidylglycerol, and PA/phosphatidic acid) in the four SPLs is higher than that of PPF PL. The sources of acyl also affected the emulsifying properties of four SPLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teti Estiasih
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Renita Marianty
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Kgs Ahmadi
- Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University, Jl. Tlogowarna, Tlogomas, Malang, Indonesia
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28
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Huang B, Li X. The Role of Mfsd2a in Nervous System Diseases. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:730534. [PMID: 34566571 PMCID: PMC8461068 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.730534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Major facilitator superfamily (MFS) is the maximum and most diversified membrane transporter, acting as uniporters, symporters and antiporters. MFS is considered to have a good development potential in the transport of drugs for the treatment of brain diseases. The major facilitator superfamily domain containing protein 2a (Mfsd2a) is a member of MFS. Mfsd2a-knockout mice have shown a marked decrease of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) level in brain, exhibiting neuron loss, microcephaly and cognitive deficits, as DHA acts essentially in brain growth and integrity. Mfsd2a has attracted more and more attention in the study of nervous system diseases because of its critical role in maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and transporting DHA, including inhibiting cell transport in central nervous system endothelial cells, alleviating BBB injury, avoiding BBB injury in cerebral hemorrhage model, acting as a carrier etc. Up to now, the clinical research of Mfsd2a in nervous system diseases is rare. This article reviewed the current research progress of Mfsd2a in nervous system diseases. It summarized the physiological functions of Mfsd2a in the occurrence and development of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), Alzheimer's disease (AD), sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) and intracranial tumor, aiming to provide ideas for the basic research and clinical application of Mfsd2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Huang
- Operational Management Office, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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29
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Wang CC, Du L, Shi HH, Ding L, Yanagita T, Xue CH, Wang YM, Zhang TT. Dietary EPA-Enriched Phospholipids Alleviate Chronic Stress and LPS-Induced Depression- and Anxiety-Like Behavior by Regulating Immunity and Neuroinflammation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100009. [PMID: 34219360 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE A growing number of studies have reported the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and terrestrial phospholipids on ameliorating mood disorders. Marine-derived EPA-enriched phospholipids (EPA-PL) exhibit the structural characteristics of EPA and phospholipids. However, the effect of dietary EPA-PL, and the differences between amphiphilic EPA-PL and lyophobic EPA on mood disorders had not been studied. METHODS AND RESULTS A comparative investigation to determine the effects of dietary EPA-enriched ethyl ester (EPA-EE) and EPA-PL on improving depression- and anxiety-like behavior in a mouse model is performed, induced by 4 week chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) coupled with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. It is found that dietary 4 week 0.6% (w/w) EPA-PL rescued depression- and anxiety-like behavior to a greater extent than did EPA-EE. Moreover, dietary EPA-PL significantly reduced the immobility time by 56.6%, close to the normal level, in forced swimming test, which revealed a reversal of depression-like behavior. Further studies revealed that dietary EPA-PL regulated immunity, monoamine systems, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by multi-target interactions, including inhibition of neuroinflammation and apoptosis. CONCLUSION EPA-PL exerted superior effects to EPA-EE in alleviating depression- and anxiety-like behavior. The data suggest potential novel candidate or targeted dietary patterns to prevent and treat mood disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Hao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Lin Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Teruyoshi Yanagita
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Nutrition Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Nutrition Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
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30
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Ahmmed MK, Carne A, Bunga S, Sabrina Tian H, Bekhit AEDA. Lipidomic signature of Pacific lean fish species head and skin using gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Food Chem 2021; 365:130637. [PMID: 34329878 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the lipid profile (fatty acid profile, positional distribution of n-3 fatty acids and phospholipid content) of head and skin of three lean fishes (gurnard, ribaldo and snapper). Gurnard head (GH) and snapper head (SnH) were found to contain a higher amount of total lipid (5.9-6.3%) than other samples (1.2-3.9%) including a considerable amount of bioactive n-3 fatty acids such as EPA (GH = 9.05%; SnH = 5.06%), DPA (GH = 2.78% ; SnH = 2.93%) and DHA (GH = 12.8% ; SnH = 7.72%) in the polar lipid fraction. DHA was found to predominate in the sn-2 position for gurnard head and snapper head. Partial least squares discriminant analysis showed that both gurnard and snapper samples were positively correlated with the n-3 fatty acids (EPA, DPA and DHA). Gurnard and snapper head had higher phospholipid content than the skin. Therefore, among the studied samples, GH and SnH are the best source of bioactive n-3 phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Kaizer Ahmmed
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Department of Fishing and Post-harvest Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong 4225, Bangladesh.
| | - Alan Carne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Senni Bunga
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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31
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Jin W, Yang J, Liu D, Zhong Q, Zhou T. Determination of inflammation-related lipids in depressive rats by on-line supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 203:114210. [PMID: 34171739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An on-line supercritical fluid extraction coupled with supercritical fluid chromatography-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to determine lipids related to inflammation in brain tissues of depressed rats. The analysis of 23 lipids from extraction to separation and detection only took 15 min and required 1 mg of brain tissue powder. The matrix effect of the on-line method for endogenous lipids was systematically investigated, and targeted lipids were quantified by matrix effect corrected calibration curves in this study. The on-line method was comprehensively optimized and evaluated. All calibration curves for lipids showed good linearity (correlation coefficient >0.99). The limits of detection and the limits of quantification were in the range of 0.0261-0.396 pg and 0.0791-1.20 pg. The recoveries and the matrix effect were in the range of 85.3-117.5% and 51.9-176.6%, respectively. The relative standard deviations of precision ranged from 2.7 to 14.2%, with accuracies higher than 87.2%. Compared with liquid-liquid extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method, the on-line method obtained higher recovery and sensitivity with significantly reduced analytical time, manual operations, and sample amounts. Finally, this on-line method was applied to analyses of brain tissues of depressed rats. Six pro-inflammatory lipids increased in depressed rats, while six anti-inflammatory lipids decreased. Liquiritin and fluoxetine were presumed to promote a similar synthesis of anti-inflammatory lipids. Based on the results, this on-line method showed great promise in analyzing lipids in complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Jin
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jina Yang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Danyang Liu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qisheng Zhong
- Shimadzu (China) Corporation, Guangzhou Branch, 510010, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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32
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Ahmmed MK, Carne A, Ahmmed F, Stewart I, Sabrina Tian H, Bekhit AEDA. Positional distribution of fatty acids and phospholipid composition in King salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) head, roe and skin using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Food Chem 2021; 363:130302. [PMID: 34130099 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study used a novel extraction method (ETHEX) to extract the lipid content of King salmon head, skin and roe, and determined the lipid profiles using GC-FID, 13C NMR and 31P NMR spectroscopy. On a wet tissue basis, King salmon roe was found to contain the highest amount of phospholipid (26.53 µmol/g) and n-3 fatty acids (43.32%), followed by head (PL = 10.76 µmol/g; n-3 = 7.21%) and skin (PL = 4.98 µmol/g; n-3 = 8.23%). Total EPA (6.62%) and DHA (28.83%) content, along with the sn-2 positioned EPA (3.25%), DPA (1.36%) and DHA (16.35%) were also higher in roe compared with head and skin. The highest amount of EPA (7.99%) and DHA (34.47%) contents were found in the polar lipid fractions of roe, followed by skin (EPA = 4.19%; DHA = 25.95%) and head (EPA = 2.61%; DHA = 17.85%). This result suggests that salmon roe could be used for developing n-3 phospholipid enriched products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Kaizer Ahmmed
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Department of Fishing and Post-harvest Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong 4225, Bangladesh.
| | - Alan Carne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Fatema Ahmmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Ian Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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33
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Yu H, Qin X, Yu Z, Chen Y, Tang L, Shan W. Effects of high-fat diet on the formation of depressive-like behavior in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:6416-6431. [PMID: 34076000 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00044f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Depression is an important global health issue that is associated with serious physical and mental health consequences. The field of nutritional psychiatry has generated observational and efficacy data supporting a role for healthy dietary patterns in depression. Here, we aim to evaluate the effects of high-fat diet (HFD) consumption on depressive-like behaviors. BALB/c mice were grouped randomly: control, chronic restraint stress (CRS), HFD and CRS + HFD groups. The depressive-like behavior was evaluated using behavioral tests. The serotonin content in murine brain tissue and blood lipid concentrations were detected by ELISA. The fatty acid content in the liver, adipose tissue of epididymis, brain tissue, and serum of mice was determined by gas chromatography (GC). Expression of the fatty acid synthesis pathway-related enzymes at the mRNA level was analyzed by qRT-PCR. The results indicated that a high-fat diet could promote depressive-like behavior. In comparison with regular feeding, concentrations of blood lipids were significantly changed in the HFD group. Correlation analysis implied that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) were closely related to depressive-like behavior. Based on fatty acid analysis, the palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, and arachidonic acid content was remarkably changed in mice with depressive-like behavior. In addition, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1), and fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) expression, which are involved in de novo fatty acid synthesis, desaturation of fatty acids, and arachidonic acid synthesis, were strengthened in HFD mice with depressive-like behavior. Therefore, we postulated that the disorder of lipid metabolism induced by HFD consumption accelerated the development of depressive-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
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34
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Ahmmed MK, Ahmmed F, Stewart I, Carne A, Tian HS, Bekhit AEDA. Omega-3 phospholipids in Pacific blue mackerel (Scomber australasicus) processing by-products. Food Chem 2021; 353:129451. [PMID: 33714118 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated phospholipid content, fatty acid composition and the positional distribution (sn-1,3 and sn-2) of n-3 fatty acids in four blue mackerel processing by-products (head, skin, roe, and male gonad). Total lipid was extracted using hexane/ethanol (1:2) and the analyses were carried out using NMR and GC-FID techniques. On the basis of g wet tissue, blue mackerel roe was a better source of phospholipids (38.6 µmol), compared to head (9.89 µmol), skin (13.5 µmol), and male gonad (10.0 µmol). Total lipid extracted from roe was found to have a higher proportion of n-3 fatty acids (44.4%) including EPA (11.3%) and DHA (27.5%), compared to head (total n-3 = 36.6%; EPA, 9.08%: DHA, 21.9%), skin (total n-3 = 34.8%; EPA, 9.63%; DHA, 19.5%) and male gonad (total n-3 = 42.5%; EPA, 12.1%; DHA, 24.7%). The proportion of EPA in the sn-2 position was substantially higher in fish roe (12.6%) compared to the other by-products (head, 1.91%; skin, 2.22%; male gonad, 2.02%). However, the DPA and DHA content in the sn-2 position did not vary significantly among the various parts (p > 0.05). Phospholipid esterified n-3 fatty acids were higher in roe (55.5%) compared to head (40.9%), skin (21.8%) and male gonad (32%). The present study suggests that blue mackerel roe is the best source of marine n-3 phospholipids among the blue mackerel commercially produced by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Kaizer Ahmmed
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Department of Fishing and Post-harvest Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Bangladesh, Khulshi Chittagong-4225, Bangladesh.
| | - Fatema Ahmmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Ian Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Alan Carne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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Samson F, Fabunmi TE, Patrick AT, Jee D, Gutsaeva DR, Jahng WJ. Fatty Acid Composition and Stoichiometry Determine the Angiogenesis Microenvironment. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:5953-5961. [PMID: 33681633 PMCID: PMC7931378 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study tested the hypothesis of whether specific lipids may control angiogenic reactions. Using the chorioallantoic membrane assay of the chick embryo, new vessel formation was analyzed quantitatively by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry as well as bioinformatics tools including an angiogenesis analyzer. Our biochemical experiments showed that a specific lipid composition and stoichiometry determine the angiogenesis microenvironment to accelerate or inhibit vessel formation. Specific lipids of angiogenesis determinants in the vessel area and the non-vessel area were identified as nitrooleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, epoxyoleic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), cholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol, and docosahexaenoyl lysophosphatidylcholine (DHA-LPC). Vessel formation happens on the surface area of the hydrophilic membrane of the yolk. Our biochemical data demonstrated that angiogenesis was followed in the white lipid complex area to generate more branches, junctions, segments, and extremities. We analyzed lipid fragments in the vessel, non-vessel, and albumen area to show that each area contains a specific lipid composition and stoichiometry. Mass spectrometry data demonstrated that the vessel area has higher concentrations of nitrooleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, LPC, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, cholesterol, oleic acid, linoleic acid, 7-ketocholesterol, and DHA-LPC; however, DHA and EPA were abundant in the hydrophobic non-vessel area. The purpose of vessel formation is to wrap up the yolk area to transport nutrients including specific fatty acids. Besides, angiogenesis requires aqueous albumen shown by distance-dependent vessel formation from albumen and oxygen. Higher concentrations of fatty acids are required for energy and carbon structure from the carbon-carbon bond, membrane building blocks, and amphiphilic detergent to solubilize a hydrophobic environment in the aqueous blood layer. The current study may guide that the uncovered hydrophobic or zwitterionic molecules such as DHA and DHA-LPC may control angiogenesis as antiangiogenic or proangiogenic molecules as potential drug targets for treating uncontrolled angiogenesis-related diseases, including diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tosin Esther Fabunmi
- Department
of Petroleum Chemistry, American University
of Nigeria, Yola 640101, Nigeria
| | - Ambrose Teru Patrick
- Department
of Petroleum Chemistry, American University
of Nigeria, Yola 640101, Nigeria
| | - Donghyun Jee
- Department
of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, St. Vincent’s Hospital,
College of Medicine, The Catholic University
of Korea, Suwon 16247, Korea
| | - Diana R. Gutsaeva
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - Wan Jin Jahng
- Department
of Petroleum Chemistry, American University
of Nigeria, Yola 640101, Nigeria
- . Phone: +234-805-550-1032
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Isolation and lipidomics characterization of fatty acids and phospholipids in shrimp waste through GC/FID and HILIC-QTrap/MS. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Manful CF, Pham TH, Nadeem M, Wheeler E, Warren KJ, Vidal NP, Thomas RH. Assessing unfiltered beer-based marinades effects on ether and ester linked phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines in grilled beef and moose meat. Meat Sci 2021; 171:108271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Brain Responses to Emotional Stimuli after Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Treatments in Major Depressive Disorder: Toward Personalized Medicine with Anti-Inflammatory Nutraceuticals. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040283. [PMID: 33339120 PMCID: PMC7765544 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements improve the symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) in randomized-controlled trials and meta-analyses, with the higher efficacy from anti-inflammatory eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) than brain-dominant docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). To investigate the specific brain mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory anti-depressant nutraceutical compounds, we recruited 24 MDD subjects in this double-blind, head-to-head study with a 12-week EPA or DHA treatment (clinical trial registration number: NCT03871088). The depression severity was assessed by Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D). Brain responses to emotional stimuli were measured by a 3-Tesla MRI. The correlation between HAM-D scores and brain responses also were tested. Compared to 18 healthy controls, the brain responses of untreated 24 MDD patients mainly revealed hypoactivity in the regions associated with emotion perception and emotion control when processing positive emotion. After treatment, more remitted MDD patients have been observed in the EPA as compared to the DHA groups. In addition, the EPA, but not DHA, treatment revealed increased activity in the regions associated with emotion perception and cognitive control when processing positive emotion. The correlation analysis further revealed negative correlation between HAM-D scores and brain responses in cognitive control regions. The results of this study may imply the compensatory brain responses of cognitive and emotion controls by EPA but not DHA and underpin personalized medicine with anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals toward depression treatments.
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Balakrishnan J, Kannan S, Govindasamy A. Structured form of DHA prevents neurodegenerative disorders: A better insight into the pathophysiology and the mechanism of DHA transport to the brain. Nutr Res 2020; 85:119-134. [PMID: 33482601 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is one of the most important fatty acids that plays a critical role in maintaining proper brain function and cognitive development. Deficiency of DHA leads to several neurodegenerative disorders and, therefore, dietary supplementations of these fatty acids are essential to maintain cognitive health. However, the complete picture of how DHA is incorporated into the brain is yet to be explored. In general, the de novo synthesis of DHA is poor, and targeting the brain with specific phospholipid carriers provides novel insights into the process of reduction of disease progression. Recent studies have suggested that compared to triacylglycerol form of DHA, esterified form of DHA (i.e., lysophosphatidylcholine [lysoPC]) is better incorporated into the brain. Free DHA is transported across the outer membrane leaflet of the blood-brain barrier via APOE4 receptors, whereas DHA-lysoPC is transported across the inner membrane leaflet of the blood-brain barrier via a specific protein called Mfsd2a. Dietary supplementation of this lysoPC specific form of DHA is a novel therapy and is used to decrease the risk of various neurodegenerative disorders. Currently, structured glycerides of DHA - novel nutraceutical agents - are being widely used for the prevention and treatment of various neurological diseases. However, it is important to fully understand their metabolic regulation and mechanism of transportation to the brain. This article comprehensively reviews various studies that have evaluated the bioavailability of DHA, mechanisms of DHA transport, and role of DHA in preventing neurodegenerative disorders, which provides better insight into the pathophysiology of these disorders and use of structured DHA in improving neurological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyakumar Balakrishnan
- Central Research Laboratory, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Karaikal, Puducherry, India.
| | - Suganya Kannan
- Central Research Laboratory, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Karaikal, Puducherry, India
| | - Ambujam Govindasamy
- Department of General Surgery, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Karaikal. Puducherry, India
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Vidal E, Jun B, Gordon WC, Maire MA, Martine L, Grégoire S, Khoury S, Cabaret S, Berdeaux O, Acar N, Bretillon L, Bazan NG. Bioavailability and spatial distribution of fatty acids in the rat retina after dietary omega-3 supplementation. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1733-1746. [PMID: 33127836 PMCID: PMC7707163 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120001057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial changes of FAs in the retina in response to different dietary n-3 formulations have never been explored, although a diet rich in EPA and DHA is recommended to protect the retina against the effects of aging. In this study, Wistar rats were fed for 8 weeks with balanced diet including either EPA-containing phospholipids (PLs), EPA-containing TGs, DHA-containing PLs, or DHA-containing TGs. Qualitative changes in FA composition of plasma, erythrocytes, and retina were evaluated by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. Following the different dietary intakes, changes to the quantity and spatial organization of PC and PE species in retina were determined by LC coupled to MS/MS and MALDI coupled to MS imaging. The omega-3 content in the lipids of plasma and erythrocytes suggests that PLs as well as TGs are good omega-3 carriers for retina. However, a significant increase in DHA content in retina was observed, especially molecular species as di-DHA-containing PC and PE, as well as an increase in very long chain PUFAs (more than 28 carbons) following PL-EPA and TG-DHA diets only. All supplemented diets triggered spatial organization changes of DHA in the photoreceptor layer around the optic nerve. Taken together, these findings suggest that dietary omega-3 supplementation can modify the content of FAs in the rat retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Vidal
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France; Horus Pharma Laboratories, Saint Laurent du Var, France
| | - Bokkyoo Jun
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - William C Gordon
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Marie-Annick Maire
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Lucy Martine
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Grégoire
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Spiro Khoury
- Chemosens Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Stephanie Cabaret
- Chemosens Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Berdeaux
- Chemosens Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Niyazi Acar
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Lionel Bretillon
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Manual Kollareth DJ, Deckelbaum RJ, Liu Z, Ramakrishnan R, Jouvene C, Serhan CN, Ten VS, Zirpoli H. Acute injection of a DHA triglyceride emulsion after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in mice increases both DHA and EPA levels in blood and brain ✰. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 162:102176. [PMID: 33038830 PMCID: PMC7685398 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that acute injection of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) triglyceride emulsions (tri-DHA) conferred neuroprotection after hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury in a neonatal mouse stroke model. We showed that exogenous DHA increased concentrations of DHA in brain mitochondria as well as DHA-derived specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) levels in the brain. The objective of the present study was to investigate the distribution of emulsion particles and changes in plasma lipid profiles after tri-DHA injection in naïve mice and in animals subjected to HI injury. We also examined whether tri-DHA injection would change DHA- and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-derived SPM levels in the brain. To address this, neonatal (10-day-old) naïve and HI mice were injected with radiolabeled tri-DHA emulsion (0.375 g tri-DHA/kg bw), and blood clearance and tissue distribution were analyzed. Among all the organs assayed, the lowest uptake of emulsion particles was in the brain (<0.4% recovered dose) in both naïve and HI mice, while the liver had the highest uptake. Tri-DHA administration increased DHA concentrations in plasma lysophosphatidylcholine and non-esterified fatty acids. Additionally, treatment with tri-DHA after HI injury significantly elevated the levels of DHA-derived SPMs and monohydroxy-containing DHA-derived products in the brain. Further, tri-DHA administration increased resolvin E2 (RvE2, 5S,18R-dihydroxy-eicosa-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E-pentaenoic acid) and monohydroxy-containing EPA-derived products in the brain. These results suggest that the transfer of DHA through plasma lipid pools plays an important role in DHA brain transport in neonatal mice subjected to HI injury. Furthermore, increases in EPA and EPA-derived SPMs following tri-DHA injection demonstrate interlinked metabolism of these two fatty acids. Hence, changes in both EPA and DHA profile patterns need to be considered when studying the protective effects of DHA after HI brain injury. Our results highlight the need for further investigation to differentiate the effects of DHA from EPA on neuroprotective pathways following HI damage. Such information could contribute to the development of specific DHA-EPA formulations to improve clinical endpoints and modulate potential biomarkers in ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard J Deckelbaum
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Zequn Liu
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Rajasekhar Ramakrishnan
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Charlotte Jouvene
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Vadim S Ten
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Hylde Zirpoli
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.
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Yang B, Ren XL, Li ZH, Shi MQ, Ding F, Su KP, Guo XJ, Li D. Lowering effects of fish oil supplementation on proinflammatory markers in hypertension: results from a randomized controlled trial. Food Funct 2020; 11:1779-1789. [PMID: 32044905 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo03085a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reduced inflammation is one of the potential mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective efficacy of fish oil enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Supplementation with fish oil has favorable effects on cardiometabolic profiles in Inner Mongolia patients with hypertension, but whether the cardiovascular benefits can be ascribed to reduced subclinical inflammation is unclear among this population. Seventy-seven middle-aged/elderly hypertensive volunteers were randomly assigned to receive either fish oil (FO, n = 38, 2 g day-1 EPA + DHA) or control corn oil (CO, n = 39) for 90 days. FA compositions in erythrocytes and C-reactive protein (CRP, mg L-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6, pg mL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, pg mL-1) concentrations in the plasma were measured before and after the 90-day supplementation, and the cardiometabolic risk was expressed as continuously distributed z-scores calculated by standardizing and then summing the individual cardiovascular risk factors. Significant reductions in the TNF-α (-1.87 ± 2.71 vs. -0.64 ± 2.62, p = 0.02) and CRP levels (-0.85 ± 2.49 vs. 0.56 ± 2.14, p = 0.01) were found in the FO group compared with the CO group, but not in the IL-6 levels (-0.66 ± 1.05 vs. -0.25 ± 0.94, p = 0.10). The decreases in the changes of TNF-α levels were positively correlated with the reductions in the cardiometabolic risk scores in the subjects supplemented with FO (r = 0.35, p = 0.02), but not in the control subjects supplemented with CO (r = 0.09, p = 0.54). FO supplementation increased the levels of EPA (p = 0.013), DHA (p = 0.040) and total n-3 FA (p = 0.035), and decreased the levels of 20:4n-6 (p = 0.041) and total n-6 FA (p = 0.011) and the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA (p = 0.001), compared with the changes related to the CO group. The increases in the changes of erythrocyte total n-3 FA levels were inversely correlated with the concentrations of TNF-α (r = -0.34, p = 0.001) and CRP (r = -0.29, p = 0.020). The present findings suggest that fish oil supplementation may attenuate the proinflammatory reactions in hypertension, which might help promote the cardiometabolic benefits in this Inner Mongolia population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Institute of Lipids Medicine & School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Ren
- Institute of Lipids Medicine & School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Zi-Hao Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Mei-Qi Shi
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Fang Ding
- The Province Center for Cardio-Cerebral-Vascular Disease, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Juan Guo
- Institute of Lipids Medicine & School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Sugasini D, Yalagala PCR, Subbaiah PV. Efficient Enrichment of Retinal DHA with Dietary Lysophosphatidylcholine-DHA: Potential Application for Retinopathies. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103114. [PMID: 33053841 PMCID: PMC7601701 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although decreased retinal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a known risk factor for retinopathy, currently available omega-3 fatty acid supplements, which are absorbed as triacylglycerol (TAG), do not significantly enrich retinal DHA. We tested the hypothesis that lysophospahtidylcholine (LPC)-DHA which is absorbed as phospholipid, would efficiently increase retinal DHA because of the presence of LPC-specific transporter at the blood–retina barrier. In normal rats, LPC-DHA and di-DHA phosphatidylcholine (PC), which generates LPC-DHA during digestion, increased retinal DHA by 101% and 45%, respectively, but TAG-DHA had no significant effect at the same dose (40 mg/kg, 30 days). In normal mice, both sn-1 DHA LPC and sn-2 DHA LPC increased retinal DHA by 80%, but free DHA had no effect. Lipase-treated krill oil (which contains LPC-DHA and LPC-EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), but not normal krill oil (which has little LPC), increased both retinal DHA (+76%) and EPA (100-fold). Fish oil, however, had no effect, whether lipase-treated or not. These studies show that retinal DHA can be efficiently increased by dietary LPC-DHA, but not by TAG-DHA or free DHA. Since DHA is known to be protective against retinopathy and other eye diseases, this study provides a novel nutraceutical approach for the prevention/treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhavamani Sugasini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (D.S.); (P.C.R.Y.)
| | - Poorna C. R. Yalagala
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (D.S.); (P.C.R.Y.)
| | - Papasani V. Subbaiah
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (D.S.); (P.C.R.Y.)
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-312-996-8212; Fax: +1-312-413-0437
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Reynolds LM, Dutta R, Seeds MC, Lake KN, Hallmark B, Mathias RA, Howard TD, Chilton FH. FADS genetic and metabolomic analyses identify the ∆5 desaturase (FADS1) step as a critical control point in the formation of biologically important lipids. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15873. [PMID: 32985521 PMCID: PMC7522985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have undergone intense evolutionary selection to optimize their capacity to generate necessary quantities of long chain (LC-) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing lipids. To better understand the impact of genetic variation within a locus of three FADS genes (FADS1, FADS2, and FADS3) on a diverse family of lipids, we examined the associations of 247 lipid metabolites (including four major classes of LC-PUFA-containing molecules and signaling molecules) with common and low-frequency genetic variants located within the FADS locus. Genetic variation in the FADS locus was strongly associated (p < 1.2 × 10–8) with 52 LC-PUFA-containing lipids and signaling molecules, including free fatty acids, phospholipids, lyso-phospholipids, and an endocannabinoid. Notably, the majority (80%) of FADS-associated lipids were not significantly associated with genetic variants outside of this FADS locus. These findings highlight the central role genetic variation at the FADS locus plays in regulating levels of physiologically critical LC-PUFA-containing lipids that participate in innate immunity, energy homeostasis, and brain development/function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Reynolds
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Rahul Dutta
- Department of Urology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Michael C Seeds
- Department of Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine, and the Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kirsten N Lake
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Brian Hallmark
- The BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Rasika A Mathias
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Timothy D Howard
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Floyd H Chilton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA. .,The BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA.
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Wong MWK, Thalamuthu A, Braidy N, Mather KA, Liu Y, Ciobanu L, Baune BT, Armstrong NJ, Kwok J, Schofield P, Wright MJ, Ames D, Pickford R, Lee T, Poljak A, Sachdev PS. Genetic and environmental determinants of variation in the plasma lipidome of older Australian twins. eLife 2020; 9:e58954. [PMID: 32697195 PMCID: PMC7394543 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical role of blood lipids in a broad range of health and disease states is well recognised but less explored is the interplay of genetics and environment within the broader blood lipidome. We examined heritability of the plasma lipidome among healthy older-aged twins (75 monozygotic/55 dizygotic pairs) enrolled in the Older Australian Twins Study (OATS) and explored corresponding gene expression and DNA methylation associations. 27/209 lipids (13.3%) detected by liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were significantly heritable under the classical ACE twin model (h2 = 0.28-0.59), which included ceramides (Cer) and triglycerides (TG). Relative to non-significantly heritable TGs, heritable TGs had a greater number of associations with gene transcripts, not directly associated with lipid metabolism, but with immune function, signalling and transcriptional regulation. Genome-wide average DNA methylation (GWAM) levels accounted for variability in some non-heritable lipids. We reveal a complex interplay of genetic and environmental influences on the ageing plasma lipidome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew WK Wong
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydneyAustralia
| | - Yue Liu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Liliana Ciobanu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide Medical School, Discipline of PsychiatryAdelaideAustralia
| | - Bernhardt T Baune
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide Medical School, Discipline of PsychiatryAdelaideAustralia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of MünsterMünsterGermany
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | | | - John Kwok
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Peter Schofield
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydneyAustralia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - David Ames
- University of Melbourne Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old AgeKewAustralia
- National Ageing Research InstituteParkvilleAustralia
| | - Russell Pickford
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Teresa Lee
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | - Anne Poljak
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales HospitalSydneyAustralia
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Sugasini D, Yalagala PCR, Subbaiah PV. Plasma BDNF is a more reliable biomarker than erythrocyte omega-3 index for the omega-3 fatty acid enrichment of brain. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10809. [PMID: 32616795 PMCID: PMC7331585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enriching brain DHA is believed to be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of several neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. An impediment in assessing the effectiveness of the treatments is the lack of a reliable biomarker for brain DHA. The commonly used erythrocyte omega-3 index is not suitable for brain because of the involvement of unique transporter at the blood brain barrier (BBB). We recently showed that dietary lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-DHA significantly increases brain DHA, which results in increase of brain BDNF. Since there is bidirectional transport of BDNF through the BBB, we tested the hypothesis that plasma BDNF may be used as biomarker for brain DHA enrichment. We altered the brain DHA in rats and mice over a wide range using different dietary carriers of DHA, and the correlations between the increase in brain omega-3 index with the increases in plasma BDNF and the erythrocyte index were determined. Whereas the increase in brain omega-3 index positively correlated with the increase in plasma BDNF, it negatively correlated with the erythrocyte index. These results show that the plasma BDNF is more reliable than the erythrocyte index as biomarker for assessing the effectiveness of omega-3 supplements in improving brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhavamani Sugasini
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Poorna C R Yalagala
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Papasani V Subbaiah
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. .,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Semba RD. Perspective: The Potential Role of Circulating Lysophosphatidylcholine in Neuroprotection against Alzheimer Disease. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:760-772. [PMID: 32190891 PMCID: PMC7360459 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a progressive disorder involving cognitive impairment, loss of learning and memory, and neurodegeneration affecting wide areas of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. AD is characterized by altered lipid metabolism in the brain. Lower concentrations of long-chain PUFAs have been described in the frontal cortex, entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus in the brain in AD. The brain can synthesize only a few fatty acids; thus, most fatty acids must enter the brain from the blood. Recent studies show that PUFAs such as DHA (22:6) are transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the form of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) via a specific LPC receptor at the BBB known as the sodium-dependent LPC symporter 1 (MFSD2A). Higher dietary PUFA intake is associated with decreased risk of cognitive decline and dementia in observational studies; however, PUFA supplementation, with fatty acids esterified in triacylglycerols did not prevent cognitive decline in clinical trials. Recent studies show that LPC is the preferred carrier of PUFAs across the BBB into the brain. An insufficient pool of circulating LPC containing long-chain fatty acids could potentially limit the supply of long-chain fatty acids to the brain, including PUFAs such as DHA, and play a role in the pathobiology of AD. Whether adults with low serum LPC concentrations are at greater risk of developing cognitive decline and AD remains a major gap in knowledge. Preventing and treating cognitive decline and the development of AD remain a major challenge. The LPC pathway is a promising area for future investigators to identify modifiable risk factors for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Yalagala PCR, Sugasini D, Zaldua SB, Tai LM, Subbaiah PV. Lipase Treatment of Dietary Krill Oil, but Not Fish Oil, Enables Enrichment of Brain Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000059. [PMID: 32304625 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Currently available omega-3 fatty acid supplements do not enrich the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) of the adult brain because they are absorbed as triacylglycerol, whereas the transporter at the blood brain barrier requires lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-DHA. The hypothesis that treatment of krill oil (KO), which contains DHA/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at the SN2 position of phosphatidylcholine, with SN1-specific lipase will generate LPC-DHA/EPA and which can be absorbed intact and transported into the brain, is tested. METHODS KO and fish oil (FO) are treated with Mucor meihei lipase, incorporated into AIN 93G diet, and fed to 2-month-old mice for 30 days. Fatty acid composition is analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is measured by ELISA. RESULTS Lipase-treated (LT) KO increases brain DHA and EPA, respectively, 5-and 70-fold better than untreated (UT) KO. FO, whether lipase-treated or not, has no effect on brain DHA/EPA. LTKO is also more efficient in enriching liver DHA/EPA, but less efficient than UTKO and FO in enriching adipose tissue and heart. Brain BDNF is significantly increased by LTKO, but only marginally by other preparations. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment of dietary KO with lipase enables it to efficiently increase brain DHA/EPA because of the generation of LPC-DHA/EPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorna C R Yalagala
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Dhavamani Sugasini
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Steve B Zaldua
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Leon M Tai
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Papasani V Subbaiah
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 South Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Watson DG, Pomeroy PP, Al-Tannak NF, Kennedy MW. Stockpiling by pups and self-sacrifice by their fasting mothers observed in birth to weaning serum metabolomes of Atlantic grey seals. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7465. [PMID: 32366923 PMCID: PMC7198541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During the uniquely short lactations of true seals, pups acquire a greater proportion of maternal body resources, at a greater rate, than in any other group of mammals. Mothers in many species enter a period of anorexia but must preserve sufficient reserves to fuel hunting and thermoregulation for return to cold seas. Moreover, pups may undergo a period of development after weaning during which they have no maternal care or nutrition. This nutritionally closed system presents a potentially extreme case of conflict between maternal survival and adequate provisioning of offspring, likely presenting strains on their metabolisms. We examined the serum metabolomes of five mother and pup pairs of Atlantic grey seals, Halichoerus grypus, from birth to weaning. Changes with time were particularly evident in pups, with indications of strain in the fat and energy metabolisms of both. Crucially, pups accumulate certain compounds to levels that are dramatically greater than in mothers. These include compounds that pups cannot synthesise themselves, such as pyridoxine/vitamin B6, taurine, some essential amino acids, and a conditionally essential amino acid and its precursor. Fasting mothers therefore appear to mediate stockpiling of critical metabolites in their pups, potentially depleting their own reserves and prompting cessation of lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland, UK.
| | - Patrick P Pomeroy
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Naser F Al-Tannak
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland, UK.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 23924, Safat, 13110, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Malcolm W Kennedy
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK.
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Liu P, Zhu W, Chen C, Yan B, Zhu L, Chen X, Peng C. The mechanisms of lysophosphatidylcholine in the development of diseases. Life Sci 2020; 247:117443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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