1
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Wright T, Turnis ME, Grace CR, Li X, Brakefield LA, Wang YD, Xu H, Kaminska E, Climer LK, Mukiza TO, Chang CL, Moldoveanu T, Opferman JT. Anti-apoptotic MCL-1 promotes long-chain fatty acid oxidation through interaction with ACSL1. Mol Cell 2024; 84:1338-1353.e8. [PMID: 38503284 PMCID: PMC11017322 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
MCL-1 is essential for promoting the survival of many normal cell lineages and confers survival and chemoresistance in cancer. Beyond apoptosis regulation, MCL-1 has been linked to modulating mitochondrial metabolism, but the mechanism(s) by which it does so are unclear. Here, we show in tissues and cells that MCL-1 supports essential steps in long-chain (but not short-chain) fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) through its binding to specific long-chain acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetases of the ACSL family. ACSL1 binds to the BH3-binding hydrophobic groove of MCL-1 through a non-conventional BH3-domain. Perturbation of this interaction, via genetic loss of Mcl1, mutagenesis, or use of selective BH3-mimetic MCL-1 inhibitors, represses long-chain FAO in cells and in mouse livers and hearts. Our findings reveal how anti-apoptotic MCL-1 facilitates mitochondrial metabolism and indicate that disruption of this function may be associated with unanticipated cardiac toxicities of MCL-1 inhibitors in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristen Wright
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Meghan E Turnis
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Christy R Grace
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lauren A Brakefield
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Integrated Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Yong-Dong Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ewa Kaminska
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Leslie K Climer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Tresor O Mukiza
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Chi-Lun Chang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Tudor Moldoveanu
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Joseph T Opferman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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2
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Gao J, Zhang Z, Dong X, Zhao J, Peng Z, Zhang L, Xu Z, Xu L, Wang X, Guo X. Traumatic acid inhibits ACSL4 associated lipid accumulation in adipocytes to attenuate high-fat diet-induced obesity. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23278. [PMID: 37902573 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301166r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health concern that lacks effective intervention strategies. Traumatic acid (TA) is a potent wound-healing agent in plants, considered an antioxidant food ingredient. This study demonstrated that TA treatment significantly reduced lipid accumulation in human adipocytes and prevented high-fat diet induced obesity in zebrafish. Transcriptome sequencing revealed TA-activated fatty acid (FA) degradation and FA metabolism signaling pathways. Moreover, western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that TA inhibited the expression of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase-4 (ACSL4). Overexpression of ACSL4 resulted in the reversal of TA beneficiary effects, indicating that the attenuated lipid accumulation of TA was regulated by ACSL4 expression. Limited proteolysis-mass spectrometry and microscale thermophoresis were then used to confirm hexokinase 2 (HK2) as a direct molecular target of TA. Thus, we demonstrated the molecular basis of TA in regulating lipid accumulation and gave the first evidence that TA may function through the HK2-ACSL4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Gao
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Practice, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongxiao Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Dong
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Peng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongqing Xu
- Department of General Practice, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liling Xu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyun Wang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xirong Guo
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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3
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Brunetti AE, Lyra ML, Bauermeister A, Bunk B, Boedeker C, Müsken M, Neto FC, Mendonça JN, Caraballo-Rodríguez AM, Melo WG, Pupo MT, Haddad CF, Cabrera GM, Overmann J, Lopes NP. Host macrocyclic acylcarnitines mediate symbiotic interactions between frogs and their skin microbiome. iScience 2023; 26:108109. [PMID: 37867936 PMCID: PMC10587524 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The host-microbiome associations occurring on the skin of vertebrates significantly influence hosts' health. However, the factors mediating their interactions remain largely unknown. Herein, we used integrated technical and ecological frameworks to investigate the skin metabolites sustaining a beneficial symbiosis between tree frogs and bacteria. We characterize macrocyclic acylcarnitines as the major metabolites secreted by the frogs' skin and trace their origin to an enzymatic unbalance of carnitine palmitoyltransferases. We found that these compounds colocalize with bacteria on the skin surface and are mostly represented by members of the Pseudomonas community. We showed that Pseudomonas sp. MPFS isolated from frogs' skin can exploit acylcarnitines as its sole carbon and nitrogen source, and this metabolic capability is widespread in Pseudomonas. We summarize frogs' multiple mechanisms to filter environmental bacteria and highlight that acylcarnitines likely evolved for another function but were co-opted to provide nutritional benefits to the symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés E. Brunetti
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS, UNaM-CONICET), Posadas, Misiones N3300LQH, Argentina
- NPPNS, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mariana L. Lyra
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anelize Bauermeister
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Boyke Bunk
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124 Braunschweig, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Christian Boedeker
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124 Braunschweig, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Mathias Müsken
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124 Braunschweig, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Fausto Carnevale Neto
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jacqueline Nakau Mendonça
- NPPNS, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Andrés Mauricio Caraballo-Rodríguez
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Weilan G.P. Melo
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Mônica T. Pupo
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Célio F.B. Haddad
- Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura da UNESP (CAUNESP), Instituto de Biociências, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M. Cabrera
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos aplicados a la Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Jörg Overmann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124 Braunschweig, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Norberto P. Lopes
- NPPNS, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
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Tian W, Liu Y, Zhang W, Nie R, Ling Y, Zhang B, Zhang H, Wu C. CircDOCK7 facilitates the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of chicken abdominal preadipocytes through the gga-miR-301b-3p/ACSL1 axis. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:91. [PMID: 37408086 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00891-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal fat deposition depends on both the proliferation of preadipocytes and their maturation into adipocytes, which is a well-orchestrated multistep process involving many regulatory molecules. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emergingly been implicated in mammalian adipogenesis. However, circRNA-mediated regulation in chicken adipogenesis remains unclear. Our previous circRNA sequencing data identified a differentially expressed novel circRNA, 8:27,886,180|27,889,657, during the adipogenic differentiation of chicken abdominal preadipocytes. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of circDOCK7 in the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of chicken abdominal preadipocytes, and explore its molecular mechanisms of competing endogenous RNA underlying chicken adipogenesis. RESULTS Our results showed that 8:27,886,180|27,889,657 is an exonic circRNA derived from the head-to-tail splicing of exons 19-22 of the dedicator of cytokinesis 7 (DOCK7) gene, abbreviated as circDOCK7. CircDOCK7 is mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of chicken abdominal preadipocytes and is stable because of its RNase R resistance and longer half-life. CircDOCK7 is significantly upregulated in the abdominal fat tissues of fat chickens compared to lean chickens, and its expression gradually increases during the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of chicken abdominal preadipocytes. Functionally, the gain- and loss-of-function experiments showed that circDOCK7 promoted proliferation, G0/G1- to S-phase progression, and glucose uptake capacity of chicken abdominal preadipocytes, in parallel with adipogenic differentiation characterized by remarkably increased intracellular lipid droplet accumulation and triglyceride and acetyl coenzyme A content in differentiated chicken abdominal preadipocytes. Mechanistically, a pull-down assay and a dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that circDOCK7 interacted with gga-miR-301b-3p, which was identified as an inhibitor of chicken abdominal adipogenesis. Moreover, the ACSL1 gene was demonstrated to be a direct target of gga-miR-301b-3p. Chicken ACSL1 protein is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of chicken abdominal preadipocytes and acts as an adipogenesis accelerator. Rescue experiments showed that circDOCK7 could counteract the inhibitory effects of gga-miR-301b-3p on ACSL1 mRNA abundance as well as the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of chicken abdominal preadipocytes. CONCLUSIONS CircDOCK7 serves as a miRNA sponge that directly sequesters gga-miR-301b-3p away from the ACSL1 gene, thus augmenting adipogenesis in chickens. These findings may elucidate a new regulatory mechanism underlying abdominal fat deposition in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ye Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruixue Nie
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yao Ling
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Changxin Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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5
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Li QQ, Zhang J, Wang HY, Niu SF, Wu RX, Tang BG, Wang QH, Liang ZB, Liang YS. Transcriptomic Response of the Liver Tissue in Trachinotus ovatus to Acute Heat Stress. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2053. [PMID: 37443851 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Trachinotus ovatus is a major economically important cultured marine fish in the South China Sea. However, extreme weather and increased culture density result in uncontrollable problems, such as increases in water temperature and a decline in dissolved oxygen (DO), hindering the high-quality development of aquaculture. In this study, liver transcriptional profiles of T. ovatus were investigated under acute high-temperature stress (31 °C and 34 °C) and normal water temperature (27 °C) using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology. Differential expression analysis and STEM analysis showed that 1347 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and four significant profiles (profiles 0, 3, 4, and 7) were screened, respectively. Of these DEGs, some genes involved in heat shock protein (HSPs), hypoxic adaptation, and glycolysis were up-regulated, while some genes involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and fatty acid metabolism were down-regulated. Our results suggest that protein dynamic balance and function, hypoxia adaptation, and energy metabolism transformation are crucial in response to acute high-temperature stress. Our findings contribute to understanding the molecular response mechanism of T. ovatus under acute heat stress, which may provide some reference for studying the molecular mechanisms of other fish in response to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Li
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Su-Fang Niu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Ren-Xie Wu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Bao-Gui Tang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Qing-Hua Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhen-Bang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yan-Shan Liang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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6
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Li H, He W, Wang T, Cui C, Zhang J, Chen X. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed genes involved in the sexual size dimorphisms and expressed sequence tag-Simple Sequence Repeat loci validation in Odorrana graminea. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1159037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is widespread among animals and is characterized by differences in body size between sexes. Previous studies suggested SSD might reflect the adaptations of particular sexes to their specific reproductive or ecological roles. The large green cascade frogs (Odorrana graminea) exhibit obvious SSD that females are nearly twice the body size of males. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying SSD of O. graminea are still unknown. In the present study, we first obtained nearly 5 Gb of the transcriptome data through Illumina sequencing, and the de novo transcriptome assembly produced 189,868 unigenes of O. graminea. A total of 774 significantly sex-differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Of which, 436 DEGs showed significantly higher expression levels in females than those in males, whereas 338 DEGs showed significantly lower expression in females than those in males. We also found 10 sex-differentially expressed genes related to energy metabolism between sexes of O. graminea, and these DEGs were related to the estrogen signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid biosynthesis, gastric acid secretion, and nitrogen metabolism. We found that the differences in energy metabolism and steroid hormone synthesis might be the main driving force leading to the sexual growth dimorphism of O. graminea. In addition, a total of 63,269 potential EST-SSR loci and 4,669 EST-SSR loci were detected and validated in different populations of O. graminea and other species within Odorrana. The assembled transcriptome will facilitate functional genomic studies of O. graminea and the developed EST-SSR markers will contribute to the population genetics of the species within Odorrana. The sex-differentially expressed genes involved in energy metabolism might provide insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying the SSD of O. graminea.
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7
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Inci MK, Park SH, Helsley RN, Attia SL, Softic S. Fructose impairs fat oxidation: Implications for the mechanism of western diet-induced NAFLD. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 114:109224. [PMID: 36403701 PMCID: PMC11042502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased fructose intake from sugar-sweetened beverages and highly processed sweets is a well-recognized risk factor for the development of obesity and its complications. Fructose strongly supports lipogenesis on a normal chow diet by providing both, a substrate for lipid synthesis and activation of lipogenic transcription factors. However, the negative health consequences of dietary sugar are best observed with the concomitant intake of a HFD. Indeed, the most commonly used obesogenic research diets, such as "Western diet", contain both fructose and a high amount of fat. In spite of its common use, how the combined intake of fructose and fat synergistically supports development of metabolic complications is not fully elucidated. Here we present the preponderance of evidence that fructose consumption decreases oxidation of dietary fat in human and animal studies. We provide a detailed review of the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. Fructose affects hepatic activation of fatty acyl-CoAs, decreases acylcarnitine production and impairs the carnitine shuttle. Mechanistically, fructose suppresses transcriptional activity of PPARα and its target CPT1α, the rate limiting enzyme of acylcarnitine production. These effects of fructose may be, in part, mediated by protein acetylation. Acetylation of PGC1α, a co-activator of PPARα and acetylation of CPT1α, in part, account for fructose-impaired acylcarnitine production. Interestingly, metabolic effects of fructose in the liver can be largely overcome by carnitine supplementation. In summary, fructose decreases oxidation of dietary fat in the liver, in part, by impairing acylcarnitine production, offering one explanation for the synergistic effects of these nutrients on the development of metabolic complications, such as NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Se-Hyung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Robert N Helsley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Suzanna L Attia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Samir Softic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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8
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Role of ACSL5 in fatty acid metabolism. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13316. [PMID: 36816310 PMCID: PMC9932481 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) are essential energy sources for most body tissues. A fatty acid must be converted to fatty acyl-CoA to oxidize or be incorporated into new lipids. Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 5 (ACSL5) is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial outer membrane, where it catalyzes the formation of fatty acyl-CoAs from long-chain fatty acids (C16-C20). Fatty acyl-CoAs are then used in lipid synthesis or β-oxidation mediated pathways. ACSL5 plays a pleiotropic role in lipid metabolism depending on substrate preferences, subcellular localization and tissue specificity. Here, we review the role of ACSL5 in fatty acid metabolism in multiple metabolic tissues, including the liver, small intestine, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. Given the increasing number of studies suggesting the role of ACSL5 in glucose and lipid metabolism, we also summarized the effects of ACSL5 on circulating lipids and insulin resistance.
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9
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Bojarczuk A, Boulygina EA, Dzitkowska-Zabielska M, Łubkowska B, Leońska-Duniec A, Egorova ES, Semenova EA, Andryushchenko LB, Larin AK, Generozov EV, Cięszczyk P, Ahmetov II. Genome-Wide Association Study of Exercise-Induced Fat Loss Efficiency. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1975. [PMID: 36360211 PMCID: PMC9690053 DOI: 10.3390/genes13111975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a wide range of individual variability in the change of body weight in response to exercise, and this variability partly depends on genetic factors. The study aimed to determine DNA polymorphisms associated with fat loss efficiency in untrained women with normal weight in response to a 12-week aerobic training program using the GWAS approach, followed by a cross-sectional study in athletes. The study involved 126 untrained young Polish women (age 21.4 ± 1.7 years; body mass index (BMI): 21.7 (2.4) kg/m2) and 550 Russian athletes (229 women, age 23.0 ± 4.1; 321 men, age 23.9 ± 4.7). We identified one genome-wide significant polymorphism (rs116143768) located in the ACSL1 gene (acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1, implicated in fatty acid oxidation), with a rare T allele associated with higher fat loss efficiency in Polish women (fat mass decrease: CC genotype (n = 122) -3.8%; CT genotype (n = 4) -31.4%; p = 1.18 × 10-9). Furthermore, male athletes with the T allele (n = 7) had significantly lower BMI (22.1 (3.1) vs. 25.3 (4.2) kg/m2, p = 0.046) than subjects with the CC genotype (n = 314). In conclusion, we have shown that the rs116143768 T allele of the ACSL1 gene is associated with higher fat loss efficiency in response to aerobic training in untrained women and lower BMI in physically active men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bojarczuk
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | | | - Beata Łubkowska
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Leońska-Duniec
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Emiliya S. Egorova
- Laboratory of Genetics of Aging and Longevity, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Semenova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Physical Culture and Sport, Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, 420138 Kazan, Russia
| | - Liliya B. Andryushchenko
- Department of Physical Education, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 115093 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey K. Larin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Edward V. Generozov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pawel Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ildus I. Ahmetov
- Laboratory of Genetics of Aging and Longevity, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physical Education, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 115093 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5AF, UK
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10
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Huang X, Zhuo Y, Jiang D, Zhu Y, Fang Z, Che L, Lin Y, Xu S, Hua L, Zou Y, Huang C, Li L, Wu D, Feng B. Maternal Low-Protein Diet during Puberty and Adulthood Aggravates Lipid Metabolism of Their Offspring Fed a High-Fat Diet in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194057. [PMID: 36235710 PMCID: PMC9570549 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A maternal low-protein (LP) diet during gestation and/or lactation results in metabolic syndrome in their offspring. Here, we investigated the effect of maternal LP diet during puberty and adulthood on the metabolic homeostasis of glucose and lipids in offspring. Female mice were fed with normal-protein (NP) diet or a LP diet for 11 weeks. Male offspring were then fed with a high-fat diet (NP-HFD and LP-HFD groups) or standard chow diet (NP-Chow and LP-Chow groups) for 4 months. Results showed that maternal LP diet during puberty and adulthood did not alter the insulin sensitivity and hepatic lipid homeostasis of their offspring under chow diet, but aggravated insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and hypercholesterolemia of offspring in response to a post-weaning HFD. Accordingly, transcriptomics study with offspring’s liver indicated that several genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism, including lipoprotein lipase (Lpl), long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (Acsl1), Apoprotein A1 (Apoa1), major urinary protein 19 (Mup19), cholesterol 7α hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) and fibroblast growth factor 1 (Fgf1), were changed by maternal LP diet. Taken together, maternal LP diet during puberty and adulthood could disarrange the expression of metabolic genes in the liver of offspring and aggravate insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in offspring fed a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Huang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yingguo Zhu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chao Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lixia Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence:
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11
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Ma F, Yang Y, Wang Y, Yin D, Liu K, Yin G. A proteomics approach reveals digestive and nutritional responses to food intake in anadromous Coilia nasus. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2022; 43:100995. [PMID: 35594610 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The estuarine tapertail anchovy, Coilia nasus, is an anadromous fish that undertakes over a 600-km spawning migration along the Yangtze River of China. They generally cease feeding during this process, but we recently documented that a small proportion of them appear to feed. Research on proteomic responses is essential for understanding the phenomenon of C. nasus feeding. In this study, we used an iTRAQ-based proteomics approach to study the changes in protein expression in response to food intake in C. nasus following voluntary fasting. Coilia nasus in the feeding group (CSI) were fed shrimp or small fish, whereas those in the control group (CSN) were starved. We identified 3279 proteins in the gastric tissue/stomach, of which 279 were significantly differentially expressed. In all, 133 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were upregulated and 146 proteins were downregulated in CSI compared with those in CSN C. nasus. In addition to gastric acid secretion caused by gastric distention, a functional analysis suggested that a series of DEPs were involved mainly in the regulation of protein digestion (e.g., carboxypeptidase A1 and chymotrypsin A-like), immune response (e.g., lysozyme and alpha 2-macroglobulin), and nutrition metabolism (e.g., glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogenin, long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase, and creatine kinase). Real-time PCR confirmed that the mRNA levels of the DEPs were similar those obtained using iTRAQ. These results indicate that the nutrients obtained through food were effectively utilized by C. nasus, thereby providing energy for swimming, gonadal maturation, primary metabolism, and an enhanced immune function to better resist pathogen interference. This research contributes to the elucidation of nutritional regulation mechanisms of C. nasus to better protect the wild population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Ma
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China
| | - Yinping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China
| | - Denghua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China.
| | - Guojun Yin
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China.
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12
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Hou J, Jiang C, Wen X, Li C, Xiong S, Yue T, Long P, Shi J, Zhang Z. ACSL4 as a Potential Target and Biomarker for Anticancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:949863. [PMID: 35910359 PMCID: PMC9326356 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.949863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health problem around the world and the key leading cause of death in the world. It is well-known that glucolipid metabolism, immunoreaction, and growth/death pattern of cancer cells are markedly different from normal cells. Recently, acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family 4 (ACSL4) is found be participated in the activation of long chain fatty acids metabolism, immune signaling transduction, and ferroptosis, which can be a promising potential target and biomarker for anticancer. Specifically, ACSL4 inhibits the progress of lung cancer, estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer, cervical cancer and the up-regulation of ACSL4 can improve the sensitivity of cancer cells to ferroptosis by enhancing the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and lethal reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, it is undeniable that the high expression of ACSL4 in ER negative breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer can also be related with tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In the present review, we provide an update on understanding the controversial roles of ACSL4 in different cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital/Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changqing Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengming Li
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiqiang Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital/Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Yue
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital/Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Pan Long, ; Jianyou Shi, ; Zhen Zhang,
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Pan Long, ; Jianyou Shi, ; Zhen Zhang,
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital/Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Pan Long, ; Jianyou Shi, ; Zhen Zhang,
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13
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Ben-Zaken S, Nefussy B, Meckel Y, Eliakim A, Nemet D, Gotkine M, Lorber D, Zeev A, Drory VE. Common genetic basis of ALS patients and soccer players may contribute to disease risk. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:4231-4238. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-05990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Li T, Jin M, Fei X, Yuan Z, Wang Y, Quan K, Wang T, Yang J, He M, Wei C. Transcriptome Comparison Reveals the Difference in Liver Fat Metabolism between Different Sheep Breeds. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131650. [PMID: 35804549 PMCID: PMC9265030 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hu sheep and Tibetan sheep are two commonly raised local sheep breeds in China, and they have different morphological characteristics, such as tail type and adaptability to extreme environments. A fat tail in sheep is the main adipose depot in sheep, whereas the liver is an important organ for fat metabolism, with the uptake, esterification, oxidation, and secretion of fatty acids (FAs). Meanwhile, adaptations to high-altitude and arid environments also affect liver metabolism. Therefore, in this study, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology was used to characterize the difference in liver fat metabolism between Hu sheep and Tibetan sheep. We identified 1179 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (Q-value < 0.05) between the two sheep breeds, including 25 fat-metabolism-related genes. Through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, 16 pathways were significantly enriched (Q-value < 0.05), such as the proteasome, glutamatergic synapse, and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. In particular, one of these pathways was enriched to be associated with fat metabolism, namely the thermogenesis pathway, to which fat-metabolism-related genes such as ACSL1, ACSL4, ACSL5, CPT1A, CPT1C, SLC25A20, and FGF21 were enriched. Then, the expression levels of ACSL1, CPT1A, and FGF21 were verified in mRNA and protein levels via qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis between the two sheep breeds. The results showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of these three genes were higher in the livers of Tibetan sheep than those of Hu sheep. The above genes are mainly related to FAs oxidation, involved in regulating the oxidation of liver FAs. So, this study suggested that Tibetan sheep liver has a greater FAs oxidation level than Hu sheep liver. In addition, the significant enrichment of fat-metabolism-related genes in the thermogenesis pathway appears to be related to plateau-adaptive thermogenesis in Tibetan sheep, which may indicate that liver- and fat-metabolism-related genes have an impact on adaptive thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.L.); (M.J.); (X.F.)
| | - Meilin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.L.); (M.J.); (X.F.)
| | - Xiaojuan Fei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.L.); (M.J.); (X.F.)
| | - Zehu Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Yuqin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China;
| | - Kai Quan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Tingpu Wang
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741000, China;
| | - Junxiang Yang
- Gansu Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Pingliang 744000, China; (J.Y.); (M.H.)
| | - Maochang He
- Gansu Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Pingliang 744000, China; (J.Y.); (M.H.)
| | - Caihong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (T.L.); (M.J.); (X.F.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Zeng S, Wu F, Chen M, Li Y, You M, Zhang Y, Yang P, Wei L, Ruan XZ, Zhao L, Chen Y. Inhibition of Fatty Acid Translocase (FAT/CD36) Palmitoylation Enhances Hepatic Fatty Acid β-Oxidation by Increasing Its Localization to Mitochondria and Interaction with Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase 1. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:1081-1100. [PMID: 35044230 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Impaired fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in mitochondria of hepatocytes causes lipid accumulation and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative damage, leading to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fatty acid translocase (FAT/cluster of differentiation 36 [CD36]), a transmembrane protein that facilitates the uptake of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), is recently found to be involved in FAO. The function of FAT/CD36 is associated with its subcellular localization. Palmitoylation, one of the most common lipid modifications, is generally thought to regulate FAT/CD36 subcellular localization. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of palmitoylation in FAT/CD36 localization to mitochondria and its influence on FAO in hepatocytes. Results: We demonstrated that FAT/CD36 exists on the mitochondria of hepatocytes. Palmitoylation of FAT/CD36 was significantly upregulated in NAFLD. Inhibition of FAT/CD36 palmitoylation resulted in an obvious increase in the distribution of FAT/CD36 to mitochondria of hepatocytes. Depalmitoylated FAT/CD36 on the mitochondrial membrane continues functioning by facilitating fatty acid trafficking to mitochondria. Abundant mitochondrial FAT/CD36 interacted with long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1), and thus, more LCFAs were transported to ACSL1. This led to an increase in the generation of long-chain acyl-CoA, contributing to the enhancement of FAO and alleviating NAFLD. Innovation and Conclusion: This work revealed that inhibiting FAT/CD36 palmitoylation alleviates NAFLD by promoting FAT/CD36 localization to the mitochondria of hepatocytes. Mitochondrial FAT/CD36 functions as a molecular bridge between LCFAs and ACSL1 to increase the production of long-chain acyl-CoA, thus promoting FAO, thereby avoiding lipid accumulation and overproduction of ROS in hepatocytes. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 1081-1100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zeng
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengyue Chen
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengyue You
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wei
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiong Z Ruan
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Zhao
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaxi Chen
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Stone SJ. Mechanisms of intestinal triacylglycerol synthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159151. [PMID: 35296424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerols are a major source of stored energy that are obtained either from the diet or can be synthesized to some extent by most tissues. Alterations in pathways of triacylglycerol metabolism can result in their excessive accumulation leading to obesity, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Most tissues in mammals synthesize triacylglycerols via the glycerol 3-phosphate pathway. However, in the small intestine the monoacylglycerol acyltransferase pathway is the predominant pathway for triacylglycerol biosynthesis where it participates in the absorption of dietary triacylglycerol. In this review, the enzymes that are part of both the glycerol 3-phosphate and monoacylglycerol acyltransferase pathways and their contributions to intestinal triacylglycerol metabolism are reviewed. The potential of some of the enzymes involved in triacylglycerol synthesis in the small intestine as possible therapeutic targets for treating metabolic disorders associated with elevated triacylglycerol is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scot J Stone
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
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17
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Kato A, Ito M, Sanaki T, Okuda T, Tsuchiya N, Yoshimoto R, Yukioka H. Acsl1 is essential for skin barrier function through the activation of linoleic acid and biosynthesis of ω-O-acylceramide in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159085. [PMID: 34813948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The long-chain acyl-CoA synthase1 (Acsl1) is a major enzyme that converts long-chain fatty acids to acyl-CoAs. The role of Acsl1 in energy metabolism has been elucidated in the adipose tissue, heart, and skeletal muscle. Here, we demonstrate that systemic deficiency of Acsl1 caused severe skin barrier defects, leading to embryonic lethality. Acsl1 mRNA and protein are expressed in the Acsl1+/+ epidermis, which are absent in Acsl1-/- mice. In Acsl1-/- mice, epidermal ceramide [EOS] (Cer[EOS]) containing ω-O-esterified linoleic acid, a lipid essential for the skin barrier, was significantly reduced. Conversely, ω-hydroxy ceramide (Cer[OS]), a precursor of Cer[EOS], was increased. Moreover, the levels of triglyceride (TG) species containing linoleic acids were lower in Acsl1-/- mice, whereas those not containing linoleic acid were comparable to Acsl1+/+ mice. As TG is considered to work as a reservoir of linoleic acid for the biosynthesis of Cer[EOS] from Cer[OS], our results suggest that Acsl1 plays an essential role in ω-O-acylceramide synthesis by providing linoleic acid for ω-O-esterification. Therefore, our findings identified a new biological role of Acsl1 as a regulator of the skin barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Kato
- Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
| | - Mana Ito
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Takao Sanaki
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Okuda
- Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Noriko Tsuchiya
- Project Management Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, 8F (Reception) / 9F, Nissay Yodoyabashi East, 3-13, Imabashi 3-chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0042, Japan; Research Planning Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Ryo Yoshimoto
- Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Hideo Yukioka
- Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
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18
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Zheng J, Du M, Zhang J, Liang Z, Ahmad AA, Shen J, Salekdeh GH, Ding X. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Inhibition of Hepatic Adipogenesis and Fat Catabolism in Yak for Adaptation to Forage Shortage During Cold Season. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:759521. [PMID: 35111749 PMCID: PMC8802892 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.759521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals have adapted behavioral and physiological strategies to conserve energy during periods of adverse conditions. Hepatic glucose is one such adaptation used by grazing animals. While large vertebrates have been shown to have feed utilization and deposition of nutrients—fluctuations in metabolic rate—little is known about the regulating mechanism that controls hepatic metabolism in yaks under grazing conditions in the cold season. Hence, the objective of this research was to integrate transcriptomic and metabolomic data to better understand how the hepatic responds to chronic nutrient stress. Our analyses indicated that the blood parameters related to energy metabolism (glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein lipase, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1) were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the cold season. The RNA-Seq results showed that malnutrition inhibited lipid synthesis (particularly fatty acid, cholesterol, and steroid synthesis), fatty acid oxidation, and lipid catabolism and promoted gluconeogenesis by inhibiting the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. For metabolite profiles, 359 metabolites were significantly altered in two groups. Interestingly, the cold season group remarkably decreased glutathione and phosphatidylcholine (18:2 (2E, 4E)/0:0). Moreover, integrative analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome demonstrated that glycolysis or gluconeogenesis, PPAR signaling pathway, fatty acid biosynthesis, steroid biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism play an important role in the potential relationship between differential expression genes and metabolites. The reduced lipid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, and fat catabolism facilitated gluconeogenesis by inhibiting the PPAR and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways to maintain the energy homeostasis of the whole body in the yak, thereby coping with the shortage of forages and adapting to the extreme environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanshan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mei Du
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zeyi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Anum Ali Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
- *Correspondence: Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh, ; Xuezhi Ding,
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh, ; Xuezhi Ding,
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19
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Zhao Z, Bai Y, Tian H, Shi B, Li X, Luo Y, Wang J, Hu J, Abbas Raza SH. Interference with ACSL1 gene in bovine adipocytes: Transcriptome profiling of circRNA related to unsaturated fatty acid production. Genomics 2021; 113:3967-3977. [PMID: 34601049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) is a member of the acyl-CoA synthetase family that plays a vital role in lipid metabolism. We have previously shown that the ACSL1 gene regulates the composition of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in bovine skeletal muscle, which in turn regulates the fatty acid synthesis and the generation of lipid droplets. Here, we used RNA-Seq to screen circRNAs that regulated the expression of ACSL1 gene and other UFA synthesis-related genes by RNA interference and noninterference in bovine adipocytes. The results of KEGG pathway analysis showed that the parental genes of differentially expressed (DE)-circRNAs were primarily enriched in the adipocytokine signaling pathway. The prediction results showed that novel_circ_0004855, novel_circ_0001507, novel_circ_0001731, novel_circ_0005276, novel_circ_0002060, novel_circ_0005405 and novel_circ_0004254 regulated UFA synthesis-related genes by interacting with the related miRNAs. These results could help expand our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of circRNAs in the regulation of UFA synthesis in bovine adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yanbin Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hongshan Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Bingang Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xupeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuzhu Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiqing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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20
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Nan J, Lee JS, Lee SA, Lee DS, Park KS, Chung SS. An Essential Role of the N-Terminal Region of ACSL1 in Linking Free Fatty Acids to Mitochondrial β-Oxidation in C2C12 Myotubes. Mol Cells 2021; 44:637-646. [PMID: 34511469 PMCID: PMC8490201 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acids are converted to acyl-CoA by long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSLs) before entering into metabolic pathways for lipid biosynthesis or degradation. ACSL family members have highly conserved amino acid sequences except for their N-terminal regions. Several reports have shown that ACSL1, among the ACSLs, is located in mitochondria and mainly leads fatty acids to the β-oxidation pathway in various cell types. In this study, we investigated how ACSL1 was localized in mitochondria and whether ACSL1 overexpression affected fatty acid oxidation (FAO) rates in C2C12 myotubes. We generated an ACSL1 mutant in which the N-terminal 100 amino acids were deleted and compared its localization and function with those of the ACSL1 wild type. We found that ACSL1 adjoined the outer membrane of mitochondria through interaction of its N-terminal region with carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1b (CPT1b) in C2C12 myotubes. In addition, overexpressed ACSL1, but not the ACSL1 mutant, increased FAO, and ameliorated palmitate-induced insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes. These results suggested that targeting of ACSL1 to mitochondria is essential in increasing FAO in myotubes, which can reduce insulin resistance in obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Nan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ji Seon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Lee
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Dong-Sup Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Chung
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
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21
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Song Q, Wang Z, Zhang H, Li X, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Chang G, Zhang H, Chen G. Single nucleotide polymorphism scanning and expression analysis of ACSL1 from different duck breeds. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies have indicated that the long-chain fatty acyl-CoA1 (ACSL1) gene is related to fat deposition and meat quality in mammals. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between ACSL1 and lipid deposition in ducks. To examine this, we assessed the physicochemical property, homologous alignment, and phylogenetic analyses of the ACSL1 amino acid sequence using bioinformatics tools. The analysis indicated that the ACSL1 amino acid sequence varies in animals, and the duck ACSL1 protein is most closely related to that of chicken. Two single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites were identified at 1749 and 1905 bp of the coding region of ACSL1 by sequencing. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting were used to measure mRNA and protein levels in abdominal fat, breast muscle, and liver tissue of Pekin duck (BD) and Cherry Valley duck (CD). mRNA and protein expression were significantly higher in BD than in CD in abdominal fat and liver tissue (P < 0.05). In breast muscle, the mRNA level of ACSL1 was also significantly higher in BD than in CD (P < 0.05), and protein expression in BD tended to be higher than that of CD. These results suggest that ACSL1 may contribute to lipid deposition and meat quality in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Bureau of Agriculture and Rural of the Lhasa, Lhasa 850000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangxiang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guobin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Miao L, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Liu B, Ge X. Appropriate leucine supplementation promotes glucose metabolism and enhances energy homeostasis in juvenile crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio var. CAS III). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 40:100907. [PMID: 34481144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to characterize the molecular mechanisms by which leucine regulates carbohydrate metabolism and energy homeostasis, juvenile crucian carps (Carassius auratus gibelio var. CAS III) fed with a high carbohydrate diet were supplemented with different levels of dietary leucine: 0% (Leu0), 0.4% (Leu4), 0.8% (Leu8), 1.2% (Leu12), 1.6% (Leu16), 2.0% (Leu20), and 5.0% (Leu50). After 8 weeks, RNA sequencing was performed on samples collected from the Leu0, Leu8, Leu12 and Leu50 groups. Differentially expressed genes were then detected and analyzed. The results showed a total of 91.6 Gb of clean bases were generated. Moreover, a total of 1131, 5254, and 1539 DEGs were detected in Leu8, Leu12, and Leu50 compared with Leu0, respectively, encompassing 161 common DEGs. STEM analysis elucidated four significant clusters of DEGs that were associated with "glycerophospholipid metabolism," "glycerolipid metabolism," "PPAR signaling pathway," and "adipocytokine signaling pathway." Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 5 (ACSL5), choline kinase beta (CHKB), cryptochrome-1 (CRY1), lon protease homolog 2, peroxisomal isoform X2 (LONP2), lipin 1 (LPIN1), membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 2 (MBOAT2), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PEPCK), and uridine-cytidine kinase 2b (UCK2b) were then further investigated in all leucine treatment groups at starvation times of 0 h, 24 h, and 48 h. The results revealed that the expression levels of UCK2b and MBOAT2 were negatively correlated with the addition of leucine, whereas CHKB, LONP2, CRY1, PEPCK, and LPIN1 were positively correlated. In conclusion, dietary leucine supplementation below 1.2% enhanced carbohydrate metabolism in juvenile crucian carp fed with a high-carbohydrate diet, whereas concentrations above 2.0% is a better choice for energy homeostasis under starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghong Miao
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi 214081, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi 214081, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi 214081, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China.
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23
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Li M, Tian X, Li X, Huang M, Huang S, Wu Y, Jiang M, Shi Y, Shi L, Wang Z. Diverse energy metabolism patterns in females in Neodon fuscus, Lasiopodomys brandtii, and Mus musculus revealed by comparative transcriptomics under hypoxic conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:147130. [PMID: 34088150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of global warming and anthropogenic disturbance force animals to migrate from lower to higher elevations to find suitable new habitats. As such migrations increase hypoxic stress on the animals, it is important to understand how plateau- and plain-dwelling animals respond to low-oxygen environments. We used comparative transcriptomics to explore the response of Neodon fuscus, Lasiopodomys brandtii, and Mus musculus skeletal muscle tissues to hypoxic conditions. Results indicate that these species have adopted different oxygen transport and energy metabolism strategies for dealing with a hypoxic environment. N. fuscus promotes oxygen transport by increasing hemoglobin synthesis and reduces the risk of thrombosis through cooperative regulation of genes, including Fga, Fgb, Alb, and Ttr; genes such as Acs16, Gpat4, and Ndufb7 are involved in regulating lipid synthesis, fatty acid β-oxidation, hemoglobin synthesis, and electron-linked transmission, thereby maintaining a normal energy supply in hypoxic conditions. In contrast, the oxygen-carrying capacity and angiogenesis of red blood cells in L. brandtii are promoted by genes in the CYP and COL families; this species maintains its bodily energy supply by enhancing the pentose phosphate pathway and mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis pathway. However, under hypoxia, M. musculus cannot effectively transport additional oxygen; thus, its cell cycle, proliferation, and migration are somewhat affected. Given its lack of hypoxic tolerance experience, M. musculus also shows significantly reduced oxidative phosphorylation levels under hypoxic conditions. Our results suggest that the glucose capacity of M. musculus skeletal muscle does not provide sufficient energy during hypoxia; thus, we hypothesize that it supplements its bodily energy by synthesizing ketone bodies. For the first time, we describe the energy metabolism pathways of N. fuscus and L. brandtii skeletal muscle tissues under hypoxic conditions. Our findings, therefore, improve our understanding of how vertebrates thrive in high altitude and plain habitats when faced with hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiangyu Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Maolin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shuang Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yue Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Mengwan Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Luye Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; School of Physical Education (Main campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
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24
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Cholico GN, Fling RR, Zacharewski NA, Fader KA, Nault R, Zacharewski TR. Thioesterase induction by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin results in a futile cycle that inhibits hepatic β-oxidation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15689. [PMID: 34344994 PMCID: PMC8333094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a persistent environmental contaminant, induces steatosis by increasing hepatic uptake of dietary and mobilized peripheral fats, inhibiting lipoprotein export, and repressing β-oxidation. In this study, the mechanism of β-oxidation inhibition was investigated by testing the hypothesis that TCDD dose-dependently repressed straight-chain fatty acid oxidation gene expression in mice following oral gavage every 4 days for 28 days. Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed a dose-dependent decrease in hepatic acyl-CoA levels, while octenoyl-CoA and dicarboxylic acid levels increased. TCDD also dose-dependently repressed the hepatic gene expression associated with triacylglycerol and cholesterol ester hydrolysis, fatty acid binding proteins, fatty acid activation, and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolysis while inducing acyl-CoA hydrolysis. Moreover, octenoyl-CoA blocked the hydration of crotonyl-CoA suggesting short chain enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECHS1) activity was inhibited. Collectively, the integration of metabolomics and RNA-seq data suggested TCDD induced a futile cycle of fatty acid activation and acyl-CoA hydrolysis resulting in incomplete β-oxidation, and the accumulation octenoyl-CoA levels that inhibited the activity of short chain enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECHS1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovan N Cholico
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Russell R Fling
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Nicholas A Zacharewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Kelly A Fader
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Rance Nault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Timothy R Zacharewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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25
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Qin J, Guo LR, Li JL, Zhang FH, Zhao DP, Du R. RNA-sequencing reveals the metabolism regulation mechanism of sheep skeletal muscle under nutrition deprivation stress. Animal 2021; 15:100254. [PMID: 34090092 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the skeletal muscle is one of the main sites of metabolism, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involving its response to nutrition stress. The aim of the study was to screen the transcriptome of sheep muscle to identify the metabolism-related genes under nutrition deprivation stress. Ten healthy adult female Small-tailed Han sheep with similar age and weight were randomly divided into a normal group and fasted group. After 3 days, three sheep were randomly selected from each group and the semitendinosus samples were subjected to RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and a series of analyses and function annotations. Compared with the normal group, 391 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the fasted group that had obvious weight loss, including 278 down-regulated and 113 up-regulated genes. Gene Ontology enrichment annotation classified 228 DEGs in the metabolic process, 11 of which were new genes and only Sheep_newGene_4578 had been annotated by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. The results of Clusters of Orthologous Groups annotation indicated that 11, 9, and 4 DEGs were respectively classified in lipid transport and metabolism, amino acid transport and metabolism, and carbohydrate transport and metabolism. In addition, KEGG enrichment analysis showed that there were not only pathways which were directly related to metabolisms such as protein digestion and absorption pathway, fatty acid metabolism pathway, and biosynthesis pathway of unsaturated fatty acids, but also PI3K-AKT pathway, AMPK pathway, MAPK pathway, and FoxO pathway which were important to metabolism among the top 20 pathways with the lowest significant Q value. The MCODE analysis of protein-protein interaction revealed that two identified subnetworks with top score were closely associated with metabolism. The correlation analysis showed that the mRNA levels of most of DEGs that might be related in the two subnetworks were significantly correlated respectively, and the mRNA levels of most of 10 metabolism-related DEGs including Sheep_newGene_4578 were significantly correlated. Finally, 16 random and 10 metabolism-related DEGs were chosen for confirmation by quantitative real-time PCR, demonstrating the same expression change as determined by RNA-seq. In conclusion, multiple interrelated metabolism-related DEGs in skeletal muscle contributed to the response of sheep to nutritional deprivation stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Center of Experiment Teaching, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - L R Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - J L Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - F H Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - D P Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - R Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
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26
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Castillo AF, Orlando UD, Maloberti PM, Prada JG, Dattilo MA, Solano AR, Bigi MM, Ríos Medrano MA, Torres MT, Indo S, Caroca G, Contreras HR, Marelli BE, Salinas FJ, Salvetti NR, Ortega HH, Lorenzano Menna P, Szajnman S, Gomez DE, Rodríguez JB, Podesta EJ. New inhibitor targeting Acyl-CoA synthetase 4 reduces breast and prostate tumor growth, therapeutic resistance and steroidogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2893-2910. [PMID: 33068124 PMCID: PMC11072814 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03679-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4) is an isoenzyme of the fatty acid ligase-coenzyme-A family taking part in arachidonic acid metabolism and steroidogenesis. ACSL4 is involved in the development of tumor aggressiveness in breast and prostate tumors through the regulation of various signal transduction pathways. Here, a bioinformatics analysis shows that the ACSL4 gene expression and proteomic signatures obtained using a cell model was also observed in tumor samples from breast and cancer patients. A well-validated ACSL4 inhibitor, however, has not been reported hindering the full exploration of this promising target and its therapeutic application on cancer and steroidogenesis inhibition. In this study, ACSL4 inhibitor PRGL493 was identified using a homology model for ACSL4 and docking based virtual screening. PRGL493 was then chemically characterized through nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. The inhibitory activity was demonstrated through the inhibition of arachidonic acid transformation into arachidonoyl-CoA using the recombinant enzyme and cellular models. The compound blocked cell proliferation and tumor growth in both breast and prostate cellular and animal models and sensitized tumor cells to chemotherapeutic and hormonal treatment. Moreover, PGRL493 inhibited de novo steroid synthesis in testis and adrenal cells, in a mouse model and in prostate tumor cells. This work provides proof of concept for the potential application of PGRL493 in clinical practice. Also, these findings may prove key to therapies aiming at the control of tumor growth and drug resistance in tumors which express ACSL4 and depend on steroid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Castillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (C1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ulises D Orlando
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (C1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula M Maloberti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (C1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jesica G Prada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (C1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melina A Dattilo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (C1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Angela R Solano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (C1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María M Bigi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (C1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mayra A Ríos Medrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (C1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María T Torres
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínico, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Indo
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínico, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Graciela Caroca
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínico, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hector R Contreras
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínico, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Belkis E Marelli
- Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Facundo J Salinas
- Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Natalia R Salvetti
- Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Hugo H Ortega
- Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Pablo Lorenzano Menna
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio Szajnman
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel E Gomez
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan B Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ernesto J Podesta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (C1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Stierwalt HD, Ehrlicher SE, Robinson MM, Newsom SA. Skeletal Muscle ACSL Isoforms Relate to Measures of Fat Metabolism in Humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:624-632. [PMID: 32796254 PMCID: PMC8117722 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence from model systems implicates long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase (ACSL) as key regulators of skeletal muscle fat oxidation and fat storage; however, such roles remain underexplored in humans. PURPOSE We sought to determine the protein expression of ACSL isoforms in skeletal muscle at rest and in response to acute exercise and identify relationships between skeletal muscle ACSL and measures of fat metabolism in humans. METHODS Sedentary adults (n = 14 [4 males and 10 females], body mass index = 22.2 ± 2.1 kg·m-2, V˙O2max = 32.2 ± 4.5 mL·kg-1⋅min-1) completed two study visits. Trials were identical other than completing 1 h of cycling exercise (65% V˙O2max) or remaining sedentary. Vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained 15-min postexercise (or rest) and 2-h postexercise to determine ACSL protein abundance. Whole-body fat oxidation was assessed at rest and during exercise using indirect calorimetry. Skeletal muscle triacylglycerol (TAG) was measured via lipidomic analysis. RESULTS We detected protein expression for four of the five known ACSL isoforms in human skeletal muscle. ACSL protein abundances were largely unaltered in the hours after exercise aside from a transient increase in ACSL5 15-min postexercise (P = 0.01 vs rest). Skeletal muscle ACSL1 protein abundance tended to be positively related with whole-body fat oxidation during exercise (P = 0.07, r = 0.53), when skeletal muscle accounts for the majority of energy expenditure. No such relationship between ACSL1 and fat oxidation was observed at rest. Skeletal muscle ACSL6 protein abundance was positively associated with muscle TAG content at rest (P = 0.05, r = 0.57). CONCLUSION Most ACSL protein isoforms can be detected in human skeletal muscle, with minimal changes in abundance after acute exercise. Our findings agree with those from model systems implicating ACSL1 and ACSL6 as possible determinants of fat oxidation and fat storage within skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison D. Stierwalt
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Sarah E. Ehrlicher
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Matthew M. Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Sean A. Newsom
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
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Lv Y, Chen F, Zhang S, Chen J, Zhang Y, Tian M, Guan W. Metabolic Transition of Milk Triacylglycerol Synthesis in Response to Varying Levels of Three 18-Carbon Fatty Acids in Porcine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031294. [PMID: 33525494 PMCID: PMC7866201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of increasing levels of three 18-carbon fatty acids (stearate, oleate and linoleate) on mammary lipogenesis, and to evaluate their effects on the milk lipogenic pathway in porcine mammary epithelial cells (pMECs). We found that increasing the three of 18-carbon fatty acids enhanced the cellular lipid synthesis in a dose-dependent manner, as reflected by the increased (triacylglycerol) TAG content and cytosolic lipid droplets in pMECs. The increased lipid synthesis by the three 18-carbon fatty acids was probably caused by the up-regulated expression of major genes associated with milk fat biosynthesis, including CD36 (long chain fatty acid uptake); GPAM, AGPAT6, DGAT1 (TAG synthesis); PLIN2 (lipid droplet formation); and PPARγ (regulation of transcription). Western blot analysis of CD36, DGAT1 and PPARγ proteins confirmed this increase with the increasing incubation of 18-carbon fatty acids. Interestingly, the mRNA expressions of ACSL3 and FABP3 (fatty acids intracellular activation and transport) were differentially affected by the three 18-carbon fatty acids. The cellular mRNA expressions of ACSL3 and FABP3 were increased by stearate, but were decreased by oleate or linoleate. However, the genes involved in fatty acid de novo synthesis (ACACA and FASN) and the regulation of transcription (SREBP1) were decreased by incubation with increasing concentrations of 18-carbon fatty acids. In conclusion, our findings provided evidence that 18-carbon fatty acids (stearate, oleate and linoleate) significantly increased cytosolic TAG accumulation in a dose-dependent manner, probably by promoting lipogenic genes and proteins that regulate the channeling of fatty acids towards milk TAG synthesis in pMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Lv
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (F.C.); (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.T.)
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (F.C.); (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Shihai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (F.C.); (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (F.C.); (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Yinzhi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (F.C.); (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Min Tian
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (F.C.); (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Wutai Guan
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (F.C.); (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-020-85284837
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29
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Dykstra H, Fisk C, LaRose C, Waldhart A, Meng X, Zhao G, Wu N. Mouse long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 is active as a monomer. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 700:108773. [PMID: 33485846 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids are essential cellular building blocks and a major energy source. Regardless of their metabolic fate, fatty acids first need to be activated by forming a thioester with a coenzyme A group. This reaction is carried out by acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSs), of which ACSL1 (long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1) is an important member. Two bacterial homologues of ACSL1 crystal structures have been solved previously. One is a soluble dimeric protein, and the other is a monomeric peripheral membrane protein. The mammalian ACSL1 is a membrane protein with an N-terminal transmembrane helix. To characterize the mammalian ACSL1, we purified the full-length mouse ACSL1 and reconstituted it into lipid nanodiscs. Using enzymatic assays, mutational analysis, and cryo-electron microscopy, we show that mouse ACSL1 is active as a monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chelsea Fisk
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Cassi LaRose
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | | | - Xing Meng
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Gongpu Zhao
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Ning Wu
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
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30
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Zheng M, Wang W, Liu J, Zhang X, Zhang R. Lipid Metabolism in Cancer Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1316:49-69. [PMID: 33740243 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6785-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the most critical hallmarks in cancer cells. In the past decades, mounting evidence has demonstrated that, besides the Warburg Effect, lipid metabolism dysregulation is also one of the essential characteristics of cancer cell metabolism. Lipids are water-insoluble molecules with diverse categories of phosphoglycerides, triacylglycerides, sphingolipids, sterols, etc. As the major utilization for energy storage, fatty acids are the primary building blocks for synthesizing triacylglycerides. And phosphoglycerides, sphingolipids, and sterols are the main components constructing biological membranes. More importantly, lipids play essential roles in signal transduction by functioning as second messengers or hormones. Much evidence has shown specific alterations of lipid metabolism in cancer cells. Consequently, the structural configuration of biological membranes, the energy homeostasis under nutrient stress, and the abundance of lipids in the intracellular signal transduction are affected by these alterations. Furthermore, lipid droplets accumulate in cancer cells and function adaptively to different types of harmful stress. This chapter reviews the regulation, functions, and therapeutic benefits of targeting lipid metabolism in cancer cells. Overall, this chapter highlights the significance of exploring more potential therapeutic strategies for malignant diseases by unscrambling lipid metabolism regulation in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Zheng
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Huh JY, Reilly SM, Abu-Odeh M, Murphy AN, Mahata SK, Zhang J, Cho Y, Seo JB, Hung CW, Green CR, Metallo CM, Saltiel AR. TANK-Binding Kinase 1 Regulates the Localization of Acyl-CoA Synthetase ACSL1 to Control Hepatic Fatty Acid Oxidation. Cell Metab 2020; 32:1012-1027.e7. [PMID: 33152322 PMCID: PMC7710607 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic TANK (TRAF family member associated NFκB activator)-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) activity is increased during obesity, and administration of a TBK1 inhibitor reduces fatty liver. Surprisingly, liver-specific TBK1 knockout in mice produces fatty liver by reducing fatty acid oxidation. TBK1 functions as a scaffolding protein to localize acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1) to mitochondria, which generates acyl-CoAs that are channeled for β-oxidation. TBK1 is induced during fasting and maintained in the unphosphorylated, inactive state, enabling its high affinity binding to ACSL1 in mitochondria. In TBK1-deficient liver, ACSL1 is shifted to the endoplasmic reticulum to promote fatty acid re-esterification in lieu of oxidation in response to fasting, which accelerates hepatic lipid accumulation. The impaired fatty acid oxidation in TBK1-deficient hepatocytes is rescued by the expression of kinase-dead TBK1. Thus, TBK1 operates as a rheostat to direct the fate of fatty acids in hepatocytes, supporting oxidation when inactive during fasting and promoting re-esterification when activated during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Huh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shannon M Reilly
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mohammad Abu-Odeh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anne N Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yoori Cho
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jong Bae Seo
- Department of Biosciences, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Chao-Wei Hung
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Courtney R Green
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
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32
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O'Brien MJ, Beijerink NJ, Sansom M, Thornton SW, Chew T, Wade CM. A large deletion on CFA28 omitting ACSL5 gene is associated with intestinal lipid malabsorption in the Australian Kelpie dog breed. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18223. [PMID: 33106515 PMCID: PMC7589484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism are genetic conditions that can disrupt intermediary metabolic pathways and cause defective absorption and metabolism of dietary nutrients. In an Australian Kelpie breeding population, 17 puppies presented with intestinal lipid malabsorption. Juvenile dogs exhibited stunted postnatal growth, steatorrhea, abdominal distension and a wiry coat. Using genome-wide association analysis, an associated locus on CFA28 (Praw = 2.87E-06) was discovered and validated in a closely related population (Praw = 1.75E-45). A 103.3 kb deletion NC_006610.3CFA28:g.23380074_23483377del, containing genes Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long Chain Family Member 5 (ACSL5) and Zinc Finger DHHC-Type Containing 6 (ZDHHC6), was characterised using whole transcriptomic data. Whole transcriptomic sequencing revealed no expression of ACSL5 and disrupted splicing of ZDHHC6 in jejunal tissue of affected Kelpies. The ACSL5 gene plays a key role in long chain fatty acid absorption, a phenotype similar to that of our affected Kelpies has been observed in a knockout mouse model. A PCR-based diagnostic test was developed and confirmed fully penetrant autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. We conclude the structural variant causing a deletion of the ACSL5 gene is the most likely cause for intestinal lipid malabsorption in the Australian Kelpie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J O'Brien
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Niek J Beijerink
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Veterinaire Specialisten Vught, Reutsedijk 8a, 5264 PC, Vught, The Netherlands
| | - Mandy Sansom
- Callicoma Kelpies, Grafton, NSW, 2460, Australia
| | - Sarah W Thornton
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Unaffiliated, Los Altos, USA
| | - Tracy Chew
- Sydney Informatic Hub, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Claire M Wade
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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33
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Stierwalt HD, Ehrlicher SE, Robinson MM, Newsom SA. Diet and Exercise Training Influence Skeletal Muscle Long-Chain acyl-CoA Synthetases. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:569-576. [PMID: 31524824 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSL) are implicated as regulators of oxidation and storage of fatty acids within skeletal muscle; however, to what extent diet and exercise alter skeletal muscle ACSL remains poorly understood. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the effects of diet and exercise training on skeletal muscle ACSL and to examine relationships between ACSL1 and ACSL6 and fat oxidation and fat storage, respectively. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice consumed a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 wk to induce obesity compared with low-fat diet (LFD). At week 4, mice began aerobic exercise (EX-Tr) or remained sedentary (SED) for 8 wk. At week 12, the protein abundance of five known ACSL isoforms and mRNA expression for ACSL1 and ACSL6 were measured in gastrocnemius muscle, as was skeletal muscle lipid content. Fat oxidation was measured using metabolic cage indirect calorimetry at week 10. RESULTS Of the five known ACSL isoforms, four were detected at the protein level. HFD resulted in greater, yet nonsignificant, ACSL1 protein abundance (+18%, P = 0.13 vs LFD), greater ACSL6 (+107%, P < 0.01 vs LFD), and no difference in ACSL4 or ACSL5. Exercise training resulted in greater ACSL6 protein abundance in LFD mice (P = 0.05 LFD EX-Tr vs SED), whereas ACSL4 was lower after exercise training compared with sedentary, regardless of diet. Under fasted conditions, skeletal muscle ACSL1 protein abundance was not related to measures of whole-body fat oxidation. Conversely, skeletal muscle ACSL6 protein abundance was positively correlated with intramyocellular lipid content (P < 0.01, r = 0.22). CONCLUSION We present evidence that ACSL isoforms 1, 4, and 6 may undergo regulation by HFD and/or exercise training. We further conclude that increased skeletal muscle ACSL6 may facilitate increased intramyocellular fat storage during HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison D Stierwalt
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
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34
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Fernandez RF, Ellis JM. Acyl-CoA synthetases as regulators of brain phospholipid acyl-chain diversity. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 161:102175. [PMID: 33031993 PMCID: PMC8693597 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Each individual cell-type is defined by its distinct morphology, phenotype, molecular and lipidomic profile. The importance of maintaining cell-specific lipidomic profiles is exemplified by the numerous diseases, disorders, and dysfunctional outcomes that occur as a direct result of altered lipidome. Therefore, the mechanisms regulating cellular lipidome diversity play a role in maintaining essential biological functions. The brain is an organ particularly rich in phospholipids, the main constituents of cellular membranes. The phospholipid acyl-chain profile of membranes in the brain is rather diverse due in part to the high degree of cellular heterogeneity. These membranes and the acyl-chain composition of their phospholipids are highly regulated, but the mechanisms that confer this tight regulation are incompletely understood. A family of enzymes called acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSs) stands at a pinnacle step allowing influence over cellular acyl-chain selection and subsequent metabolic flux. ACSs perform the initial reaction for cellular fatty acid metabolism by ligating a Coenzyme A to a fatty acid which both traps a fatty acid within a cell and activates it for metabolism. The ACS family of enzymes is large and diverse consisting of 25-26 family members that are nonredundant, each with unique distribution across and within cell types, and differential fatty acid substrate preferences. Thus, ACSs confer a critical intracellular fatty acid selecting step in a cell-type dependent manner providing acyl-CoA moieties that serve as essential precursors for phospholipid synthesis and remodeling, and therefore serve as a key regulator of cellular membrane acyl-chain compositional diversity. Here we will discuss how the contribution of individual ACSs towards brain lipid metabolism has only just begun to be elucidated and discuss the possibilities for how ACSs may differentially regulate brain lipidomic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina F Fernandez
- Department of Physiology and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, NC, United States
| | - Jessica M Ellis
- Department of Physiology and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, NC, United States.
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35
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Tian W, Wang D, Wang Z, Jiang K, Li Z, Tian Y, Kang X, Liu X, Li H. Evolution, expression profile, and regulatory characteristics of ACSL gene family in chicken (Gallus gallus). Gene 2020; 764:145094. [PMID: 32860898 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSLs), which drive the conversion of long chain fatty acid into acyl-CoA, an ingredient of lipid synthesis, have been well-acknowledged to exert an indispensable role in many metabolic processes in mammals, especially lipid metabolism. However, in chicken, the evolutionary characteristics, expression profiles and regulatory mechanisms of ACSL gene family are rarely understood. Here, we analyzed the genomic synteny, gene structure, evolutionary event and functional domains of the ACSL gene family members using bioinformatics methods. The spatiotemporal expression profiles of ACSL gene family, and their regulatory mechanism were investigated via bioinformatics analysis incorporated with in vivo and in vitro estrogen-treated experiments. Our results indicated that ACSL2 gene was indeed evolutionarily lost in the genome of chicken. Chicken ACSLs shared an AMP-binding functional domain, as well as highly conversed ATP/AMP and FACS signature motifs, and were clustered into two clades, ACSL1/5/6 and ACSL3/4, based on high sequence similarity, similar gene features and conversed motifs. Chicken ACSLs showed differential tissue expression distributions, wherein the significantly decreased expression level of ACSL1 and the significantly increased expression level of ACSL5 were found, respectively, the expression levels of the other ACSL members remained unchanged in the liver of peak-laying hens versus pre-laying hens. Moreover, the transcription activity of ACSL1, ACSL3 and ACSL4 was silenced and ACSL6 was activated by estrogen, but no response to ACSL5. In conclusion, though having highly conversed functional domains, chicken ACSL gene family is organized into two separate groups, ACSL1/5/6 and ACSL3/4, and exhibits varying expression profiles and estrogen effects. These results not only pave the way for better understanding the specific functions of ACSL genes in avian lipid metabolism, but also provide a valuable evidence for gene family characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Keren Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhuanjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou 450002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou 450002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou 450002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou 450002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Hong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou 450002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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36
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Sliz E, Shin J, Syme C, Black S, Seshadri S, Paus T, Pausova Z. Thickness of the cerebral cortex shows positive association with blood levels of triacylglycerols carrying 18-carbon fatty acids. Commun Biol 2020; 3:456. [PMID: 32820227 PMCID: PMC7441395 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations in fatty acid (FA) metabolism as well as thinning of the cerebral cortex have been associated with cognitive decline in the elderly. Predominant FAs in the brain are docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA). Approximately 2-8% of esterified DHA and 3-5% of esterified ARA in the brain are replaced daily. DHA and ARA are derivatives of 18-carbon essential FAs, α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid, that must be imported into the brain from the circulation. In blood, FAs are primarily transported in triacylglycerols (TAGs) from which they can be released at the blood-brain-barrier and transported inside the brain. We show that circulating levels of TAGs carrying 18-carbon FAs are positively associated with cortical thickness in middle-aged adults. These associations are stronger in cortical regions with higher expression of genes regulating long-chain FA metabolism and cellular membranes, and cortical thickness in the same regions may be related to cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva Sliz
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jean Shin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catriona Syme
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra Black
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomas Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Jung YH, Bu SY. Suppression of long chain acyl-CoA synthetase blocks intracellular fatty acid flux and glucose uptake in skeletal myotubes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Long Intergenic Non-Coding RNAs Contributed to Intramuscular Fat Content Differences between Yorkshire and Wei Pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051732. [PMID: 32138348 PMCID: PMC7084294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is closely related to various meat traits, such as tenderness, juiciness, and flavor. The IMF content varies considerably among pig breeds with different genetic backgrounds. Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) have been widely identified in many species and found to be an important class of regulators that can participate in multiple biological processes. However, the mechanism behind lincRNAs regulation of pig IMF content remains unknown and requires further study. In our study, we identified a total of 156 lincRNAs in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Wei (fat-type) and Yorkshire (lean-type) pigs using previously published data. These identified lincRNAs have shorter transcript length, longer exon length, lower exon number, and lower expression level as compared with protein-coding transcripts. We predicted potential target genes (PTGs) that are potentially regulated by lincRNAs in cis or trans regulation. Gene ontology and pathway analyses indicated that many potential lincRNAs target genes are involved in IMF-related processes or pathways, such as fatty acid catabolic process and adipocytokine signaling pathway. In addition, we analyzed quantitative trait locus (QTL) sites that differentially expressed lincRNAs (DE lincRNAs) between Wei and Yorkshire pigs co-localized. The QTL sites where DE lincRNAs co-localize are mostly related to IMF content. Furthermore, we constructed a co-expressed network between DE lincRNAs and their differentially expressed PTGs (DEPTGs). On the basis of their expression levels, we suggest that many DE lincRNAs can affect IMF development by positively or negatively regulating their PTGs. This study identified and analyzed some lincRNAs- and PTGs-related IMF development of the two pig breeds and provided new insight into research on the roles of lincRNAs in the two types of breeds.
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Li T, Li X, Meng H, Chen L, Meng F. ACSL1 affects Triglyceride Levels through the PPARγ Pathway. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:720-727. [PMID: 32218693 PMCID: PMC7085263 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.42248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In clinical cohort studies, high expression of long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetases 1 (ACSL1 gene) in peripheral white blood cells of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been utilized as molecular markers of myocardial infarction diagnosis. The plasma triglyceride level of AMI patients is significantly higher than that of healthy individuals. We hypothesized that the high expression of ACSL1 increases the level of triglyceride, which is one of the pathogenesis of AMI promoted by ACSL1. In this report, cell culture based methods were adopted to test the hypothesis and further investigate the effect and mechanism of ACSL1 on lipid metabolism. In this study, liver cells of healthy individuals were cultured, the overexpression and the knockdown vectors of ACSL1 were constructed and transfected into liver cells. The transfection was verified at the mRNA and protein level. Intracellular triglyceride content was quantitatively analyzed using ELISA. Changes of genes related to lipid metabolism were subsequently measured through PCR array. Overexpression of ACSL1 led to higher gene expression and protein levels compared to control and the triglyceride content was significantly increased in overexpressing cells. The expression level of fatty acid oxidation pathway PPARγ was significantly down-regulated compared with the control group, as were genes associated with fatty acid synthesis pathways: SREBP1, ACC, FAS, and SCD1. ACSL1 knockdown decreased the content of triglyceride whereas PPARγ was up-regulated and SREBP1, ACC, FAS, and SCD1 were down-regulated compared with the control group. In summary, high expression of ACSL1 reduced fatty acid β-oxidation through the PPARγ pathway, thereby increasing triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Department of Cardiology China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China 130033
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Cardiology China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China 130033
| | - Heyu Meng
- Department of Cardiology China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China 130033
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Cardiology China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China 130033
| | - Fanbo Meng
- Department of Cardiology China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China 130033
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40
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Wang G, Du K, Xie Z, Tang R, Jia X, Chen S, Lai S. Screening and Identification of Differentially Expressed and Adipose Growth-Related Protein-Coding Genes During the Deposition of Perirenal Adipose Tissue in Rabbits. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:4669-4680. [PMID: 33293841 PMCID: PMC7719053 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s284246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rabbit is a good model for genetic and medical studies in other livestock species. The rabbit shows low adipose tissue deposition, and the phenomena indicates that there is some specificity of adipose deposition during the rabbit growth. However, little is known about genes that regulate the growth of adipose tissue in rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS Deep RNA-seq and comprehensive bioinformatics analyses were used to characterize the genes of rabbit visceral adipose tissue (VAT) at 35, 85 and 120 days after birth. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at the three growth stages by DESeq. To explore the function of the candidate genes, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed. Six DEGs were randomly selected, and their expression profiles were validated by q-PCR. RESULTS A total of 20,303 known transcripts and 99,199 new transcripts from 8 RNA sequencing libraries were identified, and 34 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that the DEGs were mainly involved in lipid metabolism regulation including acylglycerol metabolic process and mobilization, and decomposition of lipids to generate ATP in adipocytes and fatty acid metabolism, included LOC100342322 and LOC100342572. In addition, 133 protein-coding genes that play a role in adipose growth and development were screened, including acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 5 (ACSL5) and fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2). The validation results of six DEGs by q-PCR showed similar trends with the results of RNA-seq. CONCLUSION In summary, this study provides the first report of the coding genes profiles of rabbit adipose tissue during different growth stages. These data allow for the identification of candidate genes for subsequent studies on rabbit genetics and regulation of adipose cells, and provide an animal model for studying obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoze Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu611130, People’s Republic of China
- College of Food Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Du
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenjian Xie
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu610106, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renyong Tang
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu610106, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianbo Jia
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songjia Lai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu611130, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Songjia Lai Email
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Lv Y, Cao Y, Gao Y, Yun J, Yu Y, Zhang L, Hu Z, Liu L, Xue J, Zhang G. Effect of ACSL3 Expression Levels on Preadipocyte Differentiation in Chinese Red Steppe Cattle. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:945-954. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lv
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
- Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Genetics and Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agriculture, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Jinyan Yun
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Yongsheng Yu
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Lichun Zhang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Zhongchang Hu
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Lixiang Liu
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiajia Xue
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Genetics and Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agriculture, Changchun, China
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42
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Kuwata H, Nakatani E, Shimbara-Matsubayashi S, Ishikawa F, Shibanuma M, Sasaki Y, Yoda E, Nakatani Y, Hara S. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 participates in the formation of highly unsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipids in murine macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1606-1618. [PMID: 31376475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetases (ACSLs) are a family of enzymes that convert free long-chain fatty acids into their acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) forms. ACSL4, belonging to the ACSL family, shows a preferential use of arachidonic acid (AA) as its substrate and plays a role in the remodeling of AA-containing phospholipids by incorporating free AA. However, little is known about the roles of ACSL4 in inflammatory responses. Here, we assessed the roles of ACSL4 on the effector functions of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) obtained from mice lacking ACSL4. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that various highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA)-derived fatty acyl-CoA species were markedly decreased in the BMDMs obtained from ACSL4-deficient mice compared with those in the BMDMs obtained from wild-type mice. BMDMs from ACSL4-deficient mice also showed a reduced incorporation of HUFA into phosphatidylcholines. The stimulation of BMDMs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) elicited the release of prostaglandins (PGs), such as PGE2, PGD2 and PGF2α, and the production of these mediators was significantly enhanced by ACSL4 deficiency. In contrast, neither the LPS-induced release of cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-10, nor the endocytosis of zymosan or dextran was affected by ACSL4 deficiency. These results suggest that ACSL4 has a crucial role in the maintenance of HUFA composition of certain phospholipid species and in the incorporation of free AA into the phospholipids in LPS-stimulated macrophages. ACSL4 dysfunction may facilitate inflammatory responses by an enhanced eicosanoid storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kuwata
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Eriko Nakatani
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Satoko Shimbara-Matsubayashi
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Ishikawa
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Motoko Shibanuma
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yuka Sasaki
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Emiko Yoda
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nakatani
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Hara
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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Wang M, Xiao FL, Mao YJ, Ying LL, Zhou B, Li Y. Quercetin decreases the triglyceride content through the PPAR signalling pathway in primary hepatocytes of broiler chickens. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1635528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
- Department of Technology, Shenyang BOIN Feed Ltd., Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Feng Lin Xiao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yan Jun Mao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Lin Lin Ying
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
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Singh AB, Kan CFK, Kraemer FB, Sobel RA, Liu J. Liver-specific knockdown of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 reveals its key role in VLDL-TG metabolism and phospholipid synthesis in mice fed a high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E880-E894. [PMID: 30721098 PMCID: PMC6580179 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00503.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4) has a unique substrate specificity for arachidonic acid. Hepatic ACSL4 is coregulated with the phospholipid (PL)-remodeling enzyme lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) acyltransferase 3 by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ to modulate the plasma triglyceride (TG) metabolism. In this study, we investigated the acute effects of hepatic ACSL4 deficiency on lipid metabolism in adult mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Adenovirus-mediated expression of a mouse ACSL4 shRNA (Ad-shAcsl4) in the liver of HFD-fed mice led to a 43% reduction of hepatic arachidonoyl-CoA synthetase activity and a 53% decrease in ACSL4 protein levels compared with mice receiving control adenovirus (Ad-shLacZ). Attenuated ACSL4 expression resulted in a substantial decrease in circulating VLDL-TG levels without affecting plasma cholesterol. Lipidomics profiling revealed that knocking down ACSL4 altered liver PL compositions, with the greatest impact on accumulation of abundant LPC species (LPC 16:0 and LPC 18:0) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) species (LPE 16:0 and LPE 18:0). In addition, fasting glucose and insulin levels were higher in Ad-shAcsl4-transduced mice versus control (Ad-shLacZ). Glucose tolerance testing further indicated an insulin-resistant phenotype upon knockdown of ACSL4. These results provide the first in vivo evidence that ACSL4 plays a role in plasma TG and glucose metabolism and hepatic PL synthesis of hyperlipidemic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar B Singh
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Chin Fung K Kan
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
- Ochsner Clinical School, University of Queensland School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Raymond A Sobel
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
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Kwak HB, Woodlief TL, Green TD, Cox JH, Hickner RC, Neufer PD, Cortright RN. Overexpression of Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase 5 Increases Fatty Acid Oxidation and Free Radical Formation While Attenuating Insulin Signaling in Primary Human Skeletal Myotubes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16071157. [PMID: 30935113 PMCID: PMC6480682 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In rodent skeletal muscle, acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase 5 (ACSL-5) is suggested to localize to the mitochondria but its precise function in human skeletal muscle is unknown. The purpose of these studies was to define the role of ACSL-5 in mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism and the potential effects on insulin action in human skeletal muscle cells (HSKMC). Primary myoblasts isolated from vastus lateralis (obese women (body mass index (BMI) = 34.7 ± 3.1 kg/m²)) were transfected with ACSL-5 plasmid DNA or green fluorescent protein (GFP) vector (control), differentiated into myotubes, and harvested (7 days). HSKMC were assayed for complete and incomplete fatty acid oxidation ([1-14C] palmitate) or permeabilized to determine mitochondrial respiratory capacity (basal (non-ADP stimulated state 4), maximal uncoupled (carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP)-linked) respiration, and free radical (superoxide) emitting potential). Protein levels of ACSL-5 were 2-fold higher in ACSL-5 overexpressed HSKMC. Both complete and incomplete fatty acid oxidation increased by 2-fold (p < 0.05). In permeabilized HSKMC, ACSL-5 overexpression significantly increased basal and maximal uncoupled respiration (p < 0.05). Unexpectedly, however, elevated ACSL-5 expression increased mitochondrial superoxide production (+30%), which was associated with a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in insulin-stimulated p-Akt and p-AS160 protein levels. We concluded that ACSL-5 in human skeletal muscle functions to increase mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, but contrary to conventional wisdom, is associated with increased free radical production and reduced insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Tracey L Woodlief
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| | - Thomas D Green
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| | - Julie H Cox
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| | - Robert C Hickner
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
- The East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| | - Ronald N Cortright
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
- The East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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46
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Adaptive evolution of the ACSL gene family in Carnivora. Genetica 2019; 147:141-148. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-019-00057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Vurgun E, Diker İY, Çoban N, Geyik F, Güven G, Erginel Ünaltuna N. ACSL4 gen polimorfizminin (rs7886473) metabolik sendrom ve lipid düzeyleri üzerine etkisi. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.407589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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48
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Singh AB, Dong B, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Liu J. Identification of a novel function of hepatic long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase-1 (ACSL1) in bile acid synthesis and its regulation by bile acid-activated farnesoid X receptor. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:358-371. [PMID: 30580099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) plays a pivotal role in fatty acid β‑oxidation in heart, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. However, key functions of ACSL1 in the liver remain largely unknown. We investigated acute effects of hepatic ACSL1 deficiency on lipid metabolism in adult mice under hyperlipidemic and normolipidemic conditions. We knocked down hepatic ACSL1 expression using adenovirus expressing a ACSL1 shRNA (Ad-shAcsl1) in mice fed a high-fat diet or a normal chow diet. Hepatic ACSL1 depletion generated a hypercholesterolemic phenotype in mice fed both diets with marked elevations of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and free cholesterol in circulation and accumulations of cholesterol in the liver. Furthermore, SREBP2 pathway in ACSL1 depleted livers was severely repressed with a 50% reduction of LDL receptor protein levels. In contrast to the dysregulated cholesterol metabolism, serum triglycerides, free fatty acid and phospholipid levels were unaffected. Mechanistic investigations of genome-wide gene expression profiling and pathway analysis revealed that ACSL1 depletion repressed expressions of several key enzymes for bile acid biosynthesis, consequently leading to reduced liver bile acid levels and altered bile acid compositions. These results are the first demonstration of a requisite role of ACSL1 in bile acid biosynthetic pathway in liver tissue. Furthermore, we discovered that Acsl1 is a novel molecular target of the bile acid-activated farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Activation of FXR by agonist obeticholic acid repressed the expression of ACSL1 protein and mRNA in the liver of FXR wild-type mice but not in FXR knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Bahadur Singh
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States of America
| | - Bin Dong
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States of America
| | - Yanyong Xu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States of America
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States of America
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States of America.
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Gao F, Yang XF, Fu N, Hu Y, Ouyang Y, Qing K. Roles of Long-chain Acyl Coenzyme A Synthetase in Absorption and Transport of Fatty Acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:62-64. [PMID: 28031091 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-9294(16)30025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain acyl coenzyme A synthetase (ACSL) is a member of the synthetase family encoded by a multigene family; it plays an important role in the absorption and transport of fatty acid. Here we review the roles of ACSL in the regulating absorption and transport of fatty acid, as well as the connection between ACSL and some metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Nian Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Ouyang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Kai Qing
- Department of Nephrology,Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Lee JY, Kim AR, Jung YH, Bu SY. Dissociation of Systemic Glucose Homeostasis from Triacylglyceride Accumulation by Reduced Acsl6 Expression in Skeletal Muscle. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-018-0261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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