1
|
Wang Q, Yang X, Yuan R, Shen A, Wang P, Li H, Zhang J, Tian C, Jiang Z, Li W, Dong S. A co-assembly platform engaging macrophage scavenger receptor A for lysosome-targeting protein degradation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1663. [PMID: 38396109 PMCID: PMC10891067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted degradation of proteins has emerged as a powerful method for modulating protein homeostasis. Identification of suitable degraders is essential for achieving effective protein degradation. Here, we present a non-covalent degrader construction strategy, based on a modular supramolecular co-assembly system consisting of two self-assembling peptide ligands that bind cell membrane receptors and the protein of interest simultaneously, resulting in targeted protein degradation. The developed lysosome-targeting co-assemblies (LYTACAs) can induce lysosomal degradation of extracellular protein IL-17A and membrane protein PD-L1 in several scavenger receptor A-expressing cell lines. The IL-17A-degrading co-assembly has been applied in an imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model, where it decreases IL-17A levels in the skin lesion and alleviates psoriasis-like inflammation. Extending to asialoglycoprotein receptor-related protein degradation, LYTACAs have demonstrated the versatility and potential in streamlining degraders for extracellular and membrane proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pushu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhujun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Suwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pyrpyris N, Dimitriadis K, Beneki E, Iliakis P, Soulaidopoulos S, Tsioufis P, Adamopoulou E, Kasiakogias A, Sakalidis A, Koutsopoulos G, Aggeli K, Tsioufis K. LOX-1 Receptor: A Diagnostic Tool and Therapeutic Target in Atherogenesis. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102117. [PMID: 37802161 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) are major contributors to atherogenesis, as endogenous antigens, via several receptors such as LOX 1. A PubMed search was conducted in order to identify relevant articles regarding LOX-1's role in the atherosclerosis, diagnosis, prognostic use and molecules that could be used for therapy. The references of the manuscripts obtained were also reviewed, in order to find additional relevant bibliography. LOX-1 is a lectin-like pattern recognition receptor, mostly expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) which can bind a variety of molecules, including oxLDL and C-reactive protein (CRP). LOX-1 plays a key role in oxLDL's role as a causative agent of atherosclerosis through several pathologic mechanisms, such as oxLDL deposition in the subintima, foam cell formation and endothelial dysfunction. Additionally, LOX-1 acts a scavenger receptor for oxLDL in macrophages and can be responsible for oxLDL uptake, when stimulated. Serum LOX-1 (sLOX-1) has emerged as a new, potential biomarker for diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes, and it seems promising for use along with other common biomarkers in everyday clinical practice. In a therapeutic perspective, natural as well as synthetic molecules exert anti-LOX-1 properties and attain the receptor's pathophysiological effects, thus extensive research is ongoing to further evaluate molecules with therapeutic potential. However, most of these molecules need further trials in order to properly assess their safety and efficacy for clinical use. The aim of this review is to investigate LOX-1 role in atherogenesis and explore its potential as diagnostic tool and therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Pyrpyris
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Dimitriadis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Eirini Beneki
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Iliakis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Soulaidopoulos
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Elena Adamopoulou
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Kasiakogias
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Sakalidis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Koutsopoulos
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Aggeli
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vo TTT, Kong G, Kim C, Juang U, Gwon S, Jung W, Nguyen H, Kim SH, Park J. Exploring scavenger receptor class F member 2 and the importance of scavenger receptor family in prediagnostic diseases. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:341-353. [PMID: 37398563 PMCID: PMC10313632 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Scavenger Receptor Class F Member 2 (SCARF2), also known as the Type F Scavenger Receptor Family gene, encodes for Scavenger Receptor Expressed by Endothelial Cells 2 (SREC-II). This protein is a crucial component of the scavenger receptor family and is vital in protecting mammals from infectious diseases. Although research on SCARF2 is limited, mutations in this protein have been shown to cause skeletal abnormalities in both SCARF2-deficient mice and individuals with Van den Ende-Gupta syndrome (VDEGS), which is also associated with SCARF2 mutations. In contrast, other scavenger receptors have demonstrated versatile responses and have been found to aid in pathogen elimination, lipid transportation, intracellular cargo transportation, and work in tandem with various coreceptors. This review will concentrate on recent progress in comprehending SCARF2 and the functions played by members of the Scavenger Receptor Family in pre-diagnostic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thuy-Trang T. Vo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015 Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeyeong Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015 Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeyeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015 Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Republic of Korea
| | - Uijin Juang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015 Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Republic of Korea
| | - Suhwan Gwon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015 Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Republic of Korea
| | - Woohyeong Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015 Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Republic of Korea
| | - Huonggiang Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015 Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hwan Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015 Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zbesko JC, Stokes J, Becktel DA, Doyle KP. Targeting foam cell formation to improve recovery from ischemic stroke. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 181:106130. [PMID: 37068641 PMCID: PMC10993857 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a crucial part of the healing process after an ischemic stroke and is required to restore tissue homeostasis. However, the inflammatory response to stroke also worsens neurodegeneration and creates a tissue environment that is unfavorable to regeneration for several months, thereby postponing recovery. In animal models, inflammation can also contribute to the development of delayed cognitive deficits. Myeloid cells that take on a foamy appearance are one of the most prominent immune cell types within chronic stroke infarcts. Emerging evidence indicates that they form as a result of mechanisms of myelin lipid clearance becoming overwhelmed, and that they are a key driver of the chronic inflammatory response to stroke. Therefore, targeting lipid accumulation in foam cells may be a promising strategy for improving recovery. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of current knowledge regarding inflammation and foam cell formation in the brain in the weeks and months following ischemic stroke and identify targets that may be amenable to therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Zbesko
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, United States
| | - Jessica Stokes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, United States
| | | | - Kristian P Doyle
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, United States; Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Psychology, Arizona Center on Aging, and the BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Itabe H, Obama T. The Oxidized Lipoproteins In Vivo: Its Diversity and Behavior in the Human Circulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065747. [PMID: 36982815 PMCID: PMC10053446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A high concentration of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in circulation has been well-known as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The presence of oxidized LDLs (oxLDLs) in atherosclerotic lesions and circulation was demonstrated using anti-oxLDL monoclonal antibodies. The so-called “oxLDL hypothesis”, as a mechanism for atherosclerosis development, has been attracting attention for decades. However, the oxLDL has been considered a hypothetical particle since the oxLDL present in vivo has not been fully characterized. Several chemically modified LDLs have been proposed to mimic oxLDLs. Some of the subfractions of LDL, especially Lp(a) and electronegative LDL, have been characterized as oxLDL candidates as oxidized phospholipids that stimulate vascular cells. Oxidized high-density lipoprotein (oxHDL) and oxLDL were discovered immunologically in vivo. Recently, an oxLDL-oxHDL complex was found in human plasma, suggesting the involvement of HDLs in the oxidative modification of lipoproteins in vivo. In this review, we summarize our understanding of oxidized lipoproteins and propose a novel standpoint to understand the oxidized lipoproteins present in vivo.
Collapse
|
6
|
Cheruku S, Rao V, Pandey R, Rao Chamallamudi M, Velayutham R, Kumar N. Tumor-associated macrophages employ immunoediting mechanisms in colorectal tumor progression: Current research in Macrophage repolarization immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109569. [PMID: 36773572 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute the most prolific resident of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that regulate its TME into tumor suppressive or progressive milieu by utilizing immunoediting machinery. Here, the tumor cells construct an immunosuppressive microenvironment that educates TAMs to polarize from anti-tumor TAM-M1 to pro-tumor TAM-M2 phenotype consequently contributing to tumor progression. In colorectal cancer (CRC), the TME displays a prominent pro-tumorigenic immune profile with elevated expression of immune-checkpoint molecules notably PD-1, CTLA4, etc., in both MSI and ultra-mutated MSS tumors. This authenticated immune-checkpoint inhibition (ICI) immunotherapy as a pre-requisite for clinical benefit in CRC. However, in response to ICI, specifically, the MSIhi tumors evolved to produce novel immune escape variants thus undermining ICI. Lately, TAM-directed therapies extending from macrophage depletion to repolarization have enabled TME alteration. While TAM accrual implicates clinical benefit in CRC, sustained inflammatory insult may program TAMs to shift from M1 to M2 phenotype. Their ability to oscillate on both facets of the spectrum represents macrophage repolarization immunotherapy as an effective approach to treating CRC. In this review, we briefly discuss the differentiation heterogeneity of colonic macrophages that partake in macrophage-directed immunoediting mechanisms in CRC progression and its employment in macrophage re-polarization immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- SriPragnya Cheruku
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal- 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Vanishree Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal- 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ruchi Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, and Research, Hajipur, Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Industrial area, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Chamallamudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal- 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravichandiran Velayutham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, and Research, Hajipur, Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Industrial area, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, and Research, Hajipur, Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Industrial area, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Warren CJ, Yu S, Peters DK, Barbachano-Guerrero A, Yang Q, Burris BL, Worwa G, Huang IC, Wilkerson GK, Goldberg TL, Kuhn JH, Sawyer SL. Primate hemorrhagic fever-causing arteriviruses are poised for spillover to humans. Cell 2022; 185:3980-3991.e18. [PMID: 36182704 PMCID: PMC9588614 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Simian arteriviruses are endemic in some African primates and can cause fatal hemorrhagic fevers when they cross into primate hosts of new species. We find that CD163 acts as an intracellular receptor for simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV; a simian arterivirus), a rare mode of virus entry that is shared with other hemorrhagic fever-causing viruses (e.g., Ebola and Lassa viruses). Further, SHFV enters and replicates in human monocytes, indicating full functionality of all of the human cellular proteins required for viral replication. Thus, simian arteriviruses in nature may not require major adaptations to the human host. Given that at least three distinct simian arteriviruses have caused fatal infections in captive macaques after host-switching, and that humans are immunologically naive to this family of viruses, development of serology tests for human surveillance should be a priority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cody J Warren
- BioFrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Shuiqing Yu
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Douglas K Peters
- BioFrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Arturo Barbachano-Guerrero
- BioFrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- BioFrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Bridget L Burris
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Gabriella Worwa
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - I-Chueh Huang
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Gregory K Wilkerson
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Tony L Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Sara L Sawyer
- BioFrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yin Z, Zhang J, Xu S, Liu J, Xu Y, Yu J, Zhao M, Pan W, Wang M, Wan J. The role of semaphorins in cardiovascular diseases: Potential therapeutic targets and novel biomarkers. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22509. [PMID: 36063107 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200844r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Semaphorins (Semas), which belongs to the axonal guidance molecules, include 8 classes and could affect axon growth in the nervous system. Recently, semaphorins were found to regulate other pathophysiological processes, such as immune response, oncogenesis, tumor angiogenesis, and bone homeostasis, through binding with their plexin and neuropilin receptors. In this review, we summarized the detailed role of semaphorins and their receptors in the pathological progression of various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), highlighting that semaphorins may be potential therapeutic targets and novel biomarkers for CVDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jishou Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuwan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianfang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junping Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Menglong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cui M, Li X, Geng L, Wu N, Wang J, Deng Z, Li Z, Zhang Q. Comparative study of the immunomodulatory effects of different fucoidans from Saccharina japonica mediated by scavenger receptors on RAW 264.7 macrophages. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:253-261. [PMID: 35718151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Scavenger receptors (SRs) have been shown to participate in regulating the immune response of macrophages, and fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus has been verified as a ligand of class A SRs (SR-A). However, the roles of SRs in the immunomodulatory activity of fucoidan from Saccharina japonica are not clear. Thus, we performed a comparative study of the immunomodulatory activities of six different fucoidans from S. japonica on RAW 264.7 macrophages, and the roles of SRs in the processes were studied. Six fucoidans (0.5 M FPS, 1 M FPS, 2 M FPS, 0.5 M DFPS, 1 M DFPS and 2 M FPS) had different molecular weights and chemical compositions. Griess reagent system, ELISA and RT-qPCR results showed that different fucoidans displayed different stimulation of macrophages to secrete NO, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, as well as differences in the upregulation of their gene expressiones. Flow cytometric analysis of the protein expression level indicated the upregulation of TLR4 after treatment with all the fucoidans but different expressions of SRs. Furthermore, only 0.5 M DFPS and 1 M DFPS were confirmed to be ligands of SR-A through the competitive binding assay with Ac-LDL bound to the fluorescent probe DiI by flow cytometry. Our results revealed that fucoidans with low molecular weight and heterogeneity more easily bound to SRs and contributed to their immunomodulatory effects. This comparative study might promote the biological study of targeted SRs and the discovery of new pharmacological mechanisms of different fucoidans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Cui
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of endocrinology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Lihua Geng
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Ning Wu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenzhen Deng
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Tian Y, Zhou Y. Metformin suppresses foam cell formation, inflammation and ferroptosis via the AMPK/ERK signaling pathway in ox‑LDL‑induced THP‑1 monocytes. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:636. [PMID: 36160906 PMCID: PMC9468789 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that the formation of foam cells is of vital importance in the process of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of metformin on foam cell formation in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated THP-1 cells and explore its associated mechanism of action. Human monocytic THP-1 cells were pretreated with metformin for 2 h and subsequently treated with ox-LDL for 24 h. The data indicated that metformin significantly inhibited lipid accumulation in ox-LDL-treated THP-1 cells by decreasing the expression of scavenger receptor A, cluster of differentiation 36 and adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1. In addition, metformin increased the expression levels of scavenger receptor B1 and ATP binding cassette transporter G1 and suppresses the esterification of free cholesterol. Furthermore, it markedly inhibited ferroptosis (reflected by the upregulation of glutathione peroxidase glutathione peroxidase 4 and the downregulation of Heme oxygenase-1). In addition, it caused a marked suppression in the expression levels of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1, IL-1β, NOD-like receptor protein 3, IL-18 secretion and in the levels of oxidative stress. Metformin attenuated the activation of ERK and facilitated the phosphorylation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Treatment of THP-1 cells with an ERK inhibitor reversed these effects, while inhibition of AMPK activity exacerbated the effects noted in ox-LDL-treated THP-1 cells. In conclusion, the present study suggested that metformin suppressed foam cell formation, inflammatory responses and inhibited ferroptosis in ox-LDL-treated macrophages via the AMPK/ERK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Yizhen Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sigalov AB. Inhibition of TREM-2 Markedly Suppresses Joint Inflammation and Damage in Experimental Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168857. [PMID: 36012120 PMCID: PMC9408405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREMs) are a family of activating immune receptors that regulate the inflammatory response. TREM-1, which is expressed on monocytes and/or macrophages and neutrophils, functions as an inflammation amplifier and plays a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Unlike TREM-1, the role in RA of TREM-2, which is expressed on macrophages, immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells, osteoclasts, and microglia, remains unclear and controversial. TREM-2 ligands are still unknown, adding further uncertainty to our understanding of TREM-2 function. Previously, we demonstrated that TREM-1 blockade, using a ligand-independent TREM-1 inhibitory peptide sequence GF9 rationally designed by our signaling chain homooligomerization (SCHOOL) model of cell signaling, ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) severity in mice. Here, we designed a TREM-2 inhibitory peptide sequence IA9 and tested it in the therapeutic CIA model, either as a free 9-mer peptide IA9, or as a part of a 31-mer peptide IA31 incorporated into lipopeptide complexes (IA31-LPC), for targeted delivery. We demonstrated that administration of IA9, but not a control peptide, after induction of arthritis diminished release of proinflammatory cytokines and dramatically suppressed joint inflammation and damage, suggesting that targeting TREM-2 may be a promising approach for the treatment of RA.
Collapse
|
12
|
Mayorova TD, Hammar K, Jung JH, Aronova MA, Zhang G, Winters CA, Reese TS, Smith CL. Placozoan fiber cells: mediators of innate immunity and participants in wound healing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23343. [PMID: 34857844 PMCID: PMC8639732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Placozoa is a phylum of non-bilaterian marine animals. These small, flat organisms adhere to the substrate via their densely ciliated ventral epithelium, which mediates mucociliary locomotion and nutrient uptake. They have only six morphological cell types, including one, fiber cells, for which functional data is lacking. Fiber cells are non-epithelial cells with multiple processes. We used electron and light microscopic approaches to unravel the roles of fiber cells in Trichoplax adhaerens, a representative member of the phylum. Three-dimensional reconstructions of serial sections of Trichoplax showed that each fiber cell is in contact with several other cells. Examination of fiber cells in thin sections and observations of live dissociated fiber cells demonstrated that they phagocytose cell debris and bacteria. In situ hybridization confirmed that fiber cells express genes involved in phagocytic activity. Fiber cells also are involved in wound healing as evidenced from microsurgery experiments. Based on these observations we conclude that fiber cells are multi-purpose macrophage-like cells. Macrophage-like cells have been described in Porifera, Ctenophora, and Cnidaria and are widespread among Bilateria, but our study is the first to show that Placozoa possesses this cell type. The phylogenetic distribution of macrophage-like cells suggests that they appeared early in metazoan evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana D Mayorova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Katherine Hammar
- Central Microscopy Facility, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Jae H Jung
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Maria A Aronova
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christine A Winters
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Thomas S Reese
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Carolyn L Smith
- Light Imaging Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Peng X, Fang S, Ji B, Li M, Song J, Qiu L, Tan W. DNA Nanostructure-Programmed Cell Entry via Corner Angle-Mediated Molecular Interaction with Membrane Receptors. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6946-6951. [PMID: 34396773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite its polyanionic nature, DNA can cross the negatively charged membrane to enter living cells by assembling into specific nanostructures, establishing various opportunities for biomedical applications. Mechanistic studies to explain how the geometrical parameters of DNA nanostructures impact the cell entry are critical but elusive. Here, we use experimentation and simulation to study the interaction between cells and three typical framework nucleic acids (FNAs), including tetrahedron, triangular prism, and cube. Different cellular uptake efficiency was observed among these FNAs, and similar distinction consistently existed in multiple cell lines. Scavenger receptors (SRs) were demonstrated to be essential in mediating the uptake process. Molecular docking simulations revealed that the SR binding predominantly depended on the corner angle of FNAs, determining cellular internalization frequency. This study clearly explains how FNAs interact with the membrane to initiate cell entry, offering new clues for the design of theranostic nanocarriers and the study of virus invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Peng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Senbiao Fang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Bin Ji
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, School of Medicine and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Jie Song
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, School of Medicine and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liping Qiu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, School of Medicine and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Structure and Dynamics of Oxidized Lipoproteins In Vivo: Roles of High-Density Lipoprotein. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060655. [PMID: 34201176 PMCID: PMC8229488 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative modification of lipoproteins is implicated in the occurrence and development of atherosclerotic lesions. Earlier studies have elucidated on the mechanisms of foam cell formation and lipid accumulation in these lesions, which is mediated by scavenger receptor-mediated endocytosis of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Mounting clinical evidence has supported the involvement of oxLDL in cardiovascular diseases. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is known as anti-atherogenic; however, recent studies have shown circulating oxidized HDL (oxHDL) is related to cardiovascular diseases. A modified structure of oxLDL, which was increased in the plasma of patients with acute myocardial infarction, was characterized. It had two unique features: (1) a fraction of oxLDL accompanied oxHDL, and (2) apoA1 was heavily modified, while modification of apoB, and the accumulation of oxidized phosphatidylcholine (oxPC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) was less pronounced. When LDL and HDL were present at the same time, oxidized lipoproteins actively interacted with each other, and oxPC and lysoPC were transferred to another lipoprotein particle and enzymatically metabolized rapidly. This brief review provides a novel view on the dynamics of oxLDL and oxHDL in circulation.
Collapse
|
15
|
Yoshinaga N, Naito M, Tachihara Y, Boonstra E, Osada K, Cabral H, Uchida S. PEGylation of mRNA by Hybridization of Complementary PEG-RNA Oligonucleotides Stabilizes mRNA without Using Cationic Materials. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:800. [PMID: 34071840 PMCID: PMC8227728 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery strategies are required to protect biologically fragile mRNA from ribonuclease (RNase) attacks to achieve efficient therapeutic protein expression. To tackle this issue, most mRNA delivery systems have used cationic components, which form electrostatically driven complexes with mRNA and shield encapsulated mRNA strands. However, cationic materials interact with anionic biomacromolecules in physiological environments, which leads to unspecific reactions and toxicities. To circumvent this issue of cation-based approaches, herein, we propose a cation-free delivery strategy by hybridization of PEGylated RNA oligonucleotides with mRNA. The PEG strands on the mRNA sterically and electrostatically shielded the mRNA, improving mRNA nuclease stability 15-fold after serum incubation compared with unhybridized mRNA. Eventually, the PEGylated mRNA induced nearly 20-fold higher efficiency of reporter protein expression than unhybridized mRNA in cultured cells. This study provides a platform to establish a safe and efficient cation-free mRNA delivery system.
Collapse
Grants
- 20H04524 the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)
- 18K03529 the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)
- JP18K19901 the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)
- JP18ae0201009 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Yoshinaga
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (N.Y.); (Y.T.); (E.B.)
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Naito
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Yoshihiro Tachihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (N.Y.); (Y.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Eger Boonstra
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (N.Y.); (Y.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Kensuke Osada
- National Institute of Radiological Science, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 236-8555, Chiba, Japan;
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (N.Y.); (Y.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Satoshi Uchida
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (N.Y.); (Y.T.); (E.B.)
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Inamori Memorial Building, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
van Eijk M, Aerts JMFG. The Unique Phenotype of Lipid-Laden Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084039. [PMID: 33919858 PMCID: PMC8070766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key multi-talented cells of the innate immune system and are equipped with receptors involved in damage and pathogen recognition with connected immune response guiding signaling systems. In addition, macrophages have various systems that are involved in the uptake of extracellular and intracellular cargo. The lysosomes in macrophages play a central role in the digestion of all sorts of macromolecules and the entry of nutrients to the cytosol, and, thus, the regulation of endocytic processes and autophagy. Simplistically viewed, two macrophage phenotype extremes exist. On one end of the spectrum, the classically activated pro-inflammatory M1 cells are present, and, on the other end, alternatively activated anti-inflammatory M2 cells. A unique macrophage population arises when lipid accumulation occurs, either caused by flaws in the catabolic machinery, which is observed in lysosomal storage disorders, or as a result of an acquired condition, which is found in multiple sclerosis, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The accompanying overload causes a unique metabolic activation phenotype, which is discussed here, and, consequently, a unifying phenotype is proposed.
Collapse
|
17
|
Li YX, Wei Y, Zhong R, Li L, Pang HB. Transportan Peptide Stimulates the Nanomaterial Internalization into Mammalian Cells in the Bystander Manner through Macropinocytosis. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:552. [PMID: 33920021 PMCID: PMC8070997 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Covalent coupling with cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) has been a common strategy to facilitate the cell entry of nanomaterial and other macromolecules. Though efficient, this strategy requires chemical modifications on nanomaterials, which is not always desired for their applications. Recent studies on a few cationic CPPs have revealed that they can stimulate the cellular uptake of nanoparticles (NPs) simply via co-administration (bystander manner), which bypasses the requirement of chemical modification. In this study, we investigated the other classes of CPPs and discovered that transportan (TP) peptide, an amphiphilic CPP, also exhibited such bystander activities. When simply co-administered, TP peptide enabled the cells to engulf a variety of NPs, as well as common solute tracers, while these payloads had little or no ability to enter the cells by themselves. This result was validated in vitro and ex vivo, and TP peptide showed no physical interaction with co-administered NPs (bystander cargo). We further explored the cell entry mechanism for TP peptide and its bystander cargo, and showed that it was mediated by a receptor-dependent macropinocytosis process. Together, our findings improve the understanding of TP-assisted cell entry, and open up a new avenue to apply this peptide for nanomaterial delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Xuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (Y.-X.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yushuang Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (Y.-X.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Rui Zhong
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (R.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (R.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Hong-Bo Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (Y.-X.L.); (Y.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jia Y, Chen L, Liu J, Li W, Gu H. DNA-catalyzed efficient production of single-stranded DNA nanostructures. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
19
|
Javadifar A, Rastgoo S, Banach M, Jamialahmadi T, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Foam Cells as Therapeutic Targets in Atherosclerosis with a Focus on the Regulatory Roles of Non-Coding RNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052529. [PMID: 33802600 PMCID: PMC7961492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of human cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of mortality around the world. Various physiological and pathological processes are involved, including chronic inflammation, dysregulation of lipid metabolism, development of an environment characterized by oxidative stress and improper immune responses. Accordingly, the expansion of novel targets for the treatment of atherosclerosis is necessary. In this study, we focus on the role of foam cells in the development of atherosclerosis. The specific therapeutic goals associated with each stage in the formation of foam cells and the development of atherosclerosis will be considered. Processing and metabolism of cholesterol in the macrophage is one of the main steps in foam cell formation. Cholesterol processing involves lipid uptake, cholesterol esterification and cholesterol efflux, which ultimately leads to cholesterol equilibrium in the macrophage. Recently, many preclinical studies have appeared concerning the role of non-encoding RNAs in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Non-encoding RNAs, especially microRNAs, are considered regulators of lipid metabolism by affecting the expression of genes involved in the uptake (e.g., CD36 and LOX1) esterification (ACAT1) and efflux (ABCA1, ABCG1) of cholesterol. They are also able to regulate inflammatory pathways, produce cytokines and mediate foam cell apoptosis. We have reviewed important preclinical evidence of their therapeutic targeting in atherosclerosis, with a special focus on foam cell formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Javadifar
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran; (A.J.); (S.R.)
| | - Sahar Rastgoo
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran; (A.J.); (S.R.)
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, 93338 Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), 93338 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.B.); or (A.S.); Tel.: +98-5118002288 (M.B. & A.S.); Fax: +98-5118002287 (M.B. & A.S.)
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan 9479176135, Iran;
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
| | - Thomas P. Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108-2718, USA;
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.B.); or (A.S.); Tel.: +98-5118002288 (M.B. & A.S.); Fax: +98-5118002287 (M.B. & A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gu H, Han SM, Park KK. Therapeutic Effects of Apamin as a Bee Venom Component for Non-Neoplastic Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E195. [PMID: 32204567 PMCID: PMC7150898 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bee venom is a natural toxin produced by honeybees and plays an important role in defending bee colonies. Bee venom has several kinds of peptides, including melittin, apamin, adolapamine, and mast cell degranulation peptides. Apamin accounts for about 2%-3% dry weight of bee venom and is a peptide neurotoxin that contains 18 amino acid residues that are tightly crosslinked by two disulfide bonds. It is well known for its pharmacological functions, which irreversibly block Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels. Apamin regulates gene expression in various signal transduction pathways involved in cell development. The aim of this study was to review the current understanding of apamin in the treatment of apoptosis, fibrosis, and central nervous system diseases, which are the pathological processes of various diseases. Apamin's potential therapeutic and pharmacological applications are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Gu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - Sang Mi Han
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonjusi, Jeonbuk 54875, Korea;
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
D’Arrigo JS. Nanotargeting of Drug(s) for Delaying Dementia: Relevance of Covid-19 Impact on Dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2020; 35:1533317520976761. [PMID: 33307726 PMCID: PMC10623919 DOI: 10.1177/1533317520976761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
By incorporating appropriate drug(s) into lipid (biobased) nanocarriers, one obtains a combination therapeutic for dementia treatment that targets certain cell-surface scavenger receptors (mainly class B type I, or "SR-BI") and thereby crosses the blood-brain barrier. The cardiovascular risk factors for dementia trigger widespread inflammation -- which lead to neurodegeneration, gradual cognitive/memory decline, and eventually (late-onset) dementia. Accordingly, one useful strategy to delay dementia could be based upon nanotargeting drug(s), using lipid nanocarriers, toward a major receptor class responsible for inflammation-associated (cytokine-mediated) cell signaling events. At the same time, the immune response and excessive inflammation, commonly observed in the very recent human coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, may accelerate the progression of brain inflammatory neurodegeneration-which increases the probability of post-infection memory impairment and accelerating progression of Alzheimer's disease. Hence, the proposed multitasking combination therapeutic, using a (biobased) lipid nanocarrier, may also display greater effectiveness at different stages of dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S. D’Arrigo
- Cavitation-Control Technology Inc, Farmington, CT, USA. D’Arrigo is now with Cav-Con, Inc, Bellevue, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang D, Yang Y, Lei Y, Tzvetkov NT, Liu X, Yeung AWK, Xu S, Atanasov AG. Targeting Foam Cell Formation in Atherosclerosis: Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 71:596-670. [PMID: 31554644 DOI: 10.1124/pr.118.017178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Foam cell formation and further accumulation in the subendothelial space of the vascular wall is a hallmark of atherosclerotic lesions. Targeting foam cell formation in the atherosclerotic lesions can be a promising approach to treat and prevent atherosclerosis. The formation of foam cells is determined by the balanced effects of three major interrelated biologic processes, including lipid uptake, cholesterol esterification, and cholesterol efflux. Natural products are a promising source for new lead structures. Multiple natural products and pharmaceutical agents can inhibit foam cell formation and thus exhibit antiatherosclerotic capacity by suppressing lipid uptake, cholesterol esterification, and/or promoting cholesterol ester hydrolysis and cholesterol efflux. This review summarizes recent findings on these three biologic processes and natural products with demonstrated potential to target such processes. Discussed also are potential future directions for studying the mechanisms of foam cell formation and the development of foam cell-targeted therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Yang Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Yingnan Lei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Xingde Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Andy Wai Kan Yeung
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Suowen Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang J, Qu C, Li T, Cui W, Wang X, Du J. Phagocytosis mediated by scavenger receptor class BI promotes macrophage transition during skeletal muscle regeneration. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15672-15685. [PMID: 31462534 PMCID: PMC6816089 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an essential role in skeletal muscle regeneration. The phagocytosis of muscle cell debris induces a switch of pro-inflammatory macrophages into an anti-inflammatory phenotype, but the cellular receptors mediating this phagocytosis are still unclear. In this paper, we report novel roles for SRB1 (scavenger receptor class BI) in regulating macrophage phagocytosis and macrophage phenotypic transitions for skeletal muscle regeneration. In a mouse model of cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury/regeneration, infiltrated macrophages expressed a high level of SRB1. Using SRB1 knockout mice, we observed the impairment of muscle regeneration along with decreased myogenin expression and increased matrix deposit. Bone marrow transplantation experiments indicated that SRB1 deficiency in bone marrow cells was responsible for impaired muscle regeneration. Compared with WT mice, SRB1 deficiency increased pro-inflammatory macrophage number and pro-inflammatory gene expression and decreased anti-inflammatory macrophage number and anti-inflammatory gene expression in injured muscle. In vitro, SRB1 deficiency led to a strong decrease in macrophage phagocytic activity on myoblast debris. SRB1-deficient macrophages easily acquired an M1 phenotype and failed to acquire an M2 phenotype in lipopolysaccharide/myoblast debris activation. Furthermore, SRB1 deficiency promoted activation of ERK1/2 MAPK signaling in macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide/myoblast debris. Taken together, SRB1 in macrophages regulates phagocytosis and promotes M1 switch into M2 macrophages, contributing to muscle regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China,Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chao Qu
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China,Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Taotao Li
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China,Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China,Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China,Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China, To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Okabe Y. Molecular control of the identity of tissue-resident macrophages. Int Immunol 2019; 30:485-491. [PMID: 30371831 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are present in virtually almost all tissues, exhibiting highly heterogeneous phenotypes as a consequence of adaptation to local tissue environments. Tissue-resident macrophages perform specialized functions that are essential for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and abnormalities of their functions are linked to various pathologies. Recent advances have shown that tissue-specific transcriptional programs are responsible for functional specialization of macrophages in different tissues. Here, I discuss the molecular basis of tissue-resident macrophage specialization and how it is regulated by tissue environmental cues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Okabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ewere EE, Powell D, Rudd D, Reichelt-Brushett A, Mouatt P, Voelcker NH, Benkendorff K. Uptake, depuration and sublethal effects of the neonicotinoid, imidacloprid, exposure in Sydney rock oysters. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 230:1-13. [PMID: 31100675 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The broad utilisation of imidacloprid (IMI) in agriculture poses an increasing risk to aquatic organisms. However, the potential impacts on commercially important shellfish and chemical residues after exposure, are yet to be assessed. We investigated the levels of IMI in Sydney rock oyster (SRO) tissue during a three-day uptake and four-day depuration cycle using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. IMI was absorbed from the water, with significantly higher concentrations in the adductor muscles than the gills and digestive glands. Depuration was also fast with a significant drop in tissue concentrations after one day in clean water and complete elimination from all tissues except the digestive gland after four days. The distribution of IMI in SRO after direct exposure using mass spectrometry imaging demonstrated uptake and spatially resolved metabolism to hydroxyl-IMI in the digestive gland and IMI-olefin in the gills. We assessed the effects of IMI on filtration rate (FR), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the gills, and gene expression profiles in the digestive gland using transcriptomics. Exposure to 2 mg/L IMI reduced the FR of oysters on the first day, while exposure to 0.5 and 1 mg/L reduced FR on day four. IMI reduced the gill AChE activity and altered the digestive gland gene expression profile. This study indicates that commercially farmed SRO can uptake IMI from the water, but negative impacts were only detected at concentrations higher than currently detected in estuarine environments and the chemical residues can be effectively eliminated using simple depuration in clean water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Endurance E Ewere
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Daniel Powell
- Centre for Genetics, Ecology and Physiology, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia; Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Rudd
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Amanda Reichelt-Brushett
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Peter Mouatt
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480 Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zeya B, Chandra NC. LOX-1: Its cytotopographical variance and disease stress. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22375. [PMID: 31332899 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a canonical receptor for oxidized LDL (oxLDL) among the known modified LDL particles. Topographical variance on LOX-1 expression in different cell types and its influence on the atherogenic potential of the particular cell type is the main focus of this review. Characteristic features of LOX-1 on the atherogenic potential of aortic endothelial cells, macrophages, platelets, and vascular smooth muscle cells have been discussed. Nonspecificity of ligands, besides oxLDL, is also the highlight of this review to show the chameleon characteristics in the functional activity of the receptor protein. Induction of LOX-1 has been reported in diseases like atherosclerosis, diabetes, and hypertension, as well as in the inflammatory response of immune reactions. The expression of LOX-1 is upregulated by the vicious cycle of stimulatory response from proatherogenic molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Zeya
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Nimai C Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Itabe H, Kato R, Sawada N, Obama T, Yamamoto M. The Significance of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein in Body Fluids as a Marker Related to Diseased Conditions. Curr Med Chem 2019. [PMID: 29521196 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180307114855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is known to be involved in various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. The presence of oxLDL in the human circulatory system and in atherosclerotic lesions has been demonstrated using monoclonal antibodies. Studies have shown the significance of circulating oxLDL in various systemic diseases, including acute myocardial infarction and diabetic mellitus. Several different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedures to measure oxLDL were utilized. Evidence has been accumulating that reveals changes in oxLDL levels under certain pathological conditions. Since oxLDL concentration tends to correlate with low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, the ratio of ox-LDL and LDL rather than oxLDL concentration alone has also been focused. In addition to circulating plasma, LDL and oxLDL are found in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), where the ratio of oxLDL to LDL in GCF is much higher than in plasma. LDL and oxLDL levels in GCF show an increase in diabetic patients and periodontal patients, suggesting that GCF might be useful in examining systemic conditions. GCF oxLDL increased when the teeth were affected by periodontitis. It is likely that oxLDL levels in plasma and GCF could reflect oxidative stress and transfer efficacy in the circulatory system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Itabe
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rina Kato
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Sawada
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Obama
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Periodontology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Aryal B, Suárez Y. Non-coding RNA regulation of endothelial and macrophage functions during atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 114:64-75. [PMID: 29551552 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial lining can be viewed as the first line of defense against risk factors of vascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction is regarded as an initial event for atherogenesis since defects in vascular integrity and homeostasis are responsible for lipid infiltration and recruitment of monocytes into the vessel wall. Monocytes-turned-macrophages, which possess astounding inflammatory plasticity, perpetuate chronic inflammation and growth of atherosclerotic plaques and, are therefore central for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Because endothelial cells and macrophages are key players during atherogenesis, it is crucial to understand the regulation of their functions in order to develop strategies to intervene disease progression. Interestingly, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), broad class of RNA molecules that do not code for proteins, are capable of reprogramming multiple cell functions and, thus, can be used as target agents. MicroRNAs are small ncRNAs whose roles in the regulation of vascular functions and development of atherosclerosis through post-transcriptional manipulation of gene expression have been widely explored. Recently, other ncRNAs including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have also emerged as potential regulators of these functions. However, given their poor-genetic conservation between species, much work will be needed to elucidate the specific role of lncRNAs in vascular biology. This review aims to provide a comprehensive perspective of ncRNA, mostly focusing in lncRNAs, mechanism of action and relevance in regulating lipid metabolism-independent endothelial and macrophages functions in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binod Aryal
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA..
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang P, Rahman MA, Zhao Z, Weiss K, Zhang C, Chen Z, Hurwitz SJ, Chen ZG, Shin DM, Ke Y. Visualization of the Cellular Uptake and Trafficking of DNA Origami Nanostructures in Cancer Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2478-2484. [PMID: 29406750 PMCID: PMC7261494 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA origami is a promising molecular delivery system for a variety of therapeutic applications including cancer therapy, given its capability to fabricate homogeneous nanostructures whose physicochemical properties (size, shape, surface chemistry) can be precisely tailored. However, the correlation between DNA-origami design and internalization efficiency in different cancer cell lines remains elusive. We investigated the cellular uptake of four DNA-origami nanostructures (DONs) with programmed sizes and shapes in multiple human cancer cell lines. The cellular uptake efficiency of DONs was influenced by size, shape, and cell line. Scavenger receptors were responsible for the internalization of DONs into cancer cells. We observed distinct stages of the internalization process of a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-tagged rod-shape DON, using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. This study provides detailed understanding of cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of DONs in cancer cells, and offers new insights for future optimization of DON-based drug delivery systems for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Mohammad Aminur Rahman
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Zhixiang Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Kristin Weiss
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Zhengjia Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Selwyn J. Hurwitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Zhuo G. Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Dong M. Shin
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yonggang Ke
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Coronary artery calcium before and after hospitalization with pneumonia: The MESA study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191750. [PMID: 29420547 PMCID: PMC5805244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological analyses demonstrate that pneumonia survivors have a higher risk of myocardial infarction than people with similar load of risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) but without pneumonia. This may be due to a higher baseline burden of ASCVD in patients with pneumonia that is not captured by the accounting of known ASCVD risk factors in epidemiological analyses or to unfavorable accelerating effects of pneumonia on atherosclerosis. Methods We analyzed data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. We identified 54 participants that were hospitalized for pneumonia during study follow-up and that also had assessment of coronary artery calcium (CAC, an objective marker of coronary atherosclerotic burden) before and after this hospitalization. We matched them to 54 participants who were not hospitalized for pneumonia but that had CAC assessments at the same study visits as the pneumonia cases. We compared baseline CAC scores and their progression between groups. Results Baseline CAC scores were similar in both groups (median [IQR]; 6.3 [0–356.8] in pneumonia participants vs. 10.8 [0–178.3] in controls; p = 0.25). After a median of 4.8 years, the direction and magnitude of CAC score change, and the slope of CAC score progression between groups was also similar (median change [IQR], 21.8 [0 to 287.29] in participants with pneumonia versus 15.8 [0 to 140.94] in controls, p = 0.28; difference in slope, 7.7, 95% CI -9.0 to 24.6, p = 0.18). However, among participants with high baseline ASCVD risk (i.e. ACC/AHA 10-year risk estimate ≥7.5%), participants with pneumonia showed a larger increase in CAC scores (median change [IQR]; 159.10 [38.55–407.34] versus 48.72 [0.97–246.99] in controls; p = 0.02) and a trend towards a steeper slope of CAC score progression (difference in slope, 19.7, 95% CI -6.6 to 45.6, p = 0.07). Conclusion Pneumonia may accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis in people with high baseline ASCVD risk.
Collapse
|
31
|
LILRB4 deficiency aggravates the development of atherosclerosis and plaque instability by increasing the macrophage inflammatory response via NF-κB signaling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2275-2288. [PMID: 28743735 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. LILRB4 is associated with the pathological processes of various inflammatory diseases. However, the potential function and underlying mechanisms of LILRB4 in atherogenesis remain to be investigated. In this study, LILRB4 expression was examined in both human and mouse atherosclerotic plaques. The effects and possible mechanisms of LILRB4 in atherogenesis and plaque instability were evaluated in LILRB4-/-ApoE-/- and ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet. We found that LILRB4 was located primarily in macrophages, and its expression was up-regulated in atherosclerotic lesions from human coronary arteries and mouse aortic roots. LILRB4 deficiency significantly accelerated the development of atherosclerotic lesions and increased the instability of plaques, as evidenced by the increased infiltration of lipids, decreased amount of collagen components and smooth muscle cells. Moreover, LILRB4 deficiency in bone marrow-derived cells promoted the development of atherosclerosis. In vivo and in vitro analyses revealed that the pro-inflammatory effects of LILRB4 deficiency were mediated by the increased activation of NF-κB signaling due to decreased Shp1 phosphorylation. In conclusion, the present study indicates that LILRB4 deficiency promotes atherogenesis, at least partly, through reduced Shp1 phosphorylation, which subsequently enhances the NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response. Thus, targeting the "LILRB4-Shp1" axis may be a novel therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
32
|
Chmielowski RA, Abdelhamid DS, Faig JJ, Petersen LK, Gardner CR, Uhrich KE, Joseph LB, Moghe PV. Athero-inflammatory nanotherapeutics: Ferulic acid-based poly(anhydride-ester) nanoparticles attenuate foam cell formation by regulating macrophage lipogenesis and reactive oxygen species generation. Acta Biomater 2017; 57:85-94. [PMID: 28522412 PMCID: PMC5546209 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced bioactive anti-oxidant formulations are critical for treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis. A hallmark of early atherosclerosis is the uptake of oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) by macrophages, which results in foam cell and plaque formation in the arterial wall. The hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties of polyphenol compounds make them attractive targets for treatment of atherosclerosis. However, high concentrations of antioxidants can reverse their anti-atheroprotective properties and cause oxidative stress within the artery. Here, we designed a new class of nanoparticles with anti-oxidant polymer cores and shells comprised of scavenger receptor targeting amphiphilic macromolecules (AMs). Specifically, we designed ferulic acid-based poly(anhydride-ester) nanoparticles to counteract the uptake of high levels of oxLDL and regulate reactive oxygen species generation (ROS) in human monocyte derived macrophages (HMDMs). Compared to all compositions examined, nanoparticles with core ferulic acid-based polymers linked by diglycolic acid (PFAG) showed the greatest inhibition of oxLDL uptake. At high oxLDL concentrations, the ferulic acid diacids and polymer nanoparticles displayed similar oxLDL uptake. Treatment with the PFAG nanoparticles downregulated the expression of macrophage scavenger receptors, CD-36, MSR-1, and LOX-1 by about 20-50%, one of the causal factors for the decrease in oxLDL uptake. The PFAG nanoparticle lowered ROS production by HMDMs, which is important for maintaining macrophage growth and prevention of apoptosis. Based on these results, we propose that ferulic acid-based poly(anhydride ester) nanoparticles may offer an integrative strategy for the localized passivation of the early stages of the atheroinflammatory cascade in cardiovascular disease. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Future development of anti-oxidant formulations for atherosclerosis applications is essential to deliver an efficacious dose while limiting localized concentrations of pro-oxidants. In this study, we illustrate the potential of degradable ferulic acid-based polymer nanoparticles to control macrophage foam cell formation by significantly reducing oxLDL uptake through downregulation of scavenger receptors, CD-36, MSR-1, and LOX-1. Another critical finding is the ability of the degradable ferulate-based polymer nanoparticles to lower macrophage reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, a precursor to apoptosis and plaque escalation. The degradable ferulic acid-based polymer nanoparticles hold significant promise as a means to alter the treatment and progression of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Chmielowski
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, 98 Brett Rd, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Dalia S Abdelhamid
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 610 Taylor Rd., Rutgers University, NJ, USA; Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Jonathan J Faig
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 610 Taylor Rd., Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Latrisha K Petersen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 599 Taylor Rd., Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Carol R Gardner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Kathryn E Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 610 Taylor Rd., Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Laurie B Joseph
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Rutgers University, NJ, USA.
| | - Prabhas V Moghe
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, 98 Brett Rd, Rutgers University, NJ, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, 599 Taylor Rd., Rutgers University, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Preparation of dual-stimuli-responsive liposomes using methacrylate-based copolymers with pH and temperature sensitivities for precisely controlled release. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 155:449-458. [PMID: 28463812 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dual-signal-sensitive copolymers were synthesized by copolymerization of methoxy diethylene glycol methacrylate, methacrylic acid, and lauroxy tetraethylene glycol methacrylate, which respectively provide temperature sensitivity, pH sensitivity, and anchoring to liposome surfaces. These novel copolymers, with water solubility that differs depending on temperature and pH, are soluble in water under neutral pH and low-temperature conditions, but they become water-insoluble and form aggregates under acidic pH and high-temperature conditions. Liposomes modified with these copolymers exhibited enhanced content release at weakly acidic pH with increasing temperature, although no temperature-dependent content release was observed in neutral conditions. Interaction between the copolymers and the lipid monolayer at the air-water interface revealed that the copolymer chains penetrate more deeply into the monolayer with increasing temperature at acidic pH than at neutral pH, where the penetration of copolymer chains was moderate and temperature-independent at neutral pH. Interaction of the copolymer-modified liposomes with HeLa cells demonstrated that the copolymer-modified liposomes were adsorbed quickly and efficiently onto the cell surface and that they were internalized more gradually than the unmodified liposomes through endocytosis. Furthermore, the copolymer-modified liposomes enhanced the content release in endosomes with increasing temperature, but no such temperature-dependent enhancement of content release was observed for unmodified liposomes.
Collapse
|
34
|
Preventing cardiovascular heart disease: Promising nutraceutical and non-nutraceutical treatments for cholesterol management. Pharmacol Res 2017; 120:219-225. [PMID: 28408313 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is one of the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis resulting from hypercholesterolemia causes many serious cardiovascular diseases. Statins are generally accepted as a treatment of choice for lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which reduces coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality. Since statin use can be associated with muscle problems and other adverse symptoms, non-adherence and discontinuation of statin therapy often leads to inadequate control of plasma cholesterol levels and increased cardiovascular risk. Moreover, there is compelling evidence on the presence of still considerable residual cardiovascular risk in statin-treated patients. Ezetimibe improves cholesterol-lowering efficacy and provides mild additional cardiovascular protection when combined with statin treatment. Despite a favorable safety profile compared to statins, ezetimibe-induced cholesterol-lowering is modest when used alone. Hence, there is a critical need to identity additional effective hypolipidemic agents that can be used either in combination with statins, or alone, if statins are not tolerated. Thus, hypolipidemic agents such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, apolipoprotein B-100 antisense oligonucleotides, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors, and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) inhibitors, as well as yeast polysaccharides (beta-glucans and mannans) and compounds derived from natural sources (nutraceuticals) such as glucomannans, plant sterols, berberine, and red yeast rice are being used. In this review, we will discuss hypercholesterolemia, its impact on the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the use of yeast polysaccharides, various nutraceuticals, and several therapeutic agents not derived from 'natural' sources, to treat hypercholesterolemia.
Collapse
|
35
|
Korolenko T, Johnston TP, Lykov AP, Shintyapina AB, Khrapova MV, Goncharova NV, Korolenko E, Bgatova NP, Machova E, Nescakova Z, Sakhno LV. A comparative study of the hypolipidaemic effects of a new polysaccharide, mannan Candida albicans serotype A, and atorvastatin in mice with poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidaemia. J Pharm Pharmacol 2016; 68:1516-1526. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
We evaluated the hypolipidaemic effect of mannan Candida albicans serotype A, relative to atorvastatin, in a mouse model of hyperlipidaemia.
Methods
Mannan serotype A was investigated in vitro and in vivo to determine its effects on macrophage proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production by cultured macrophages, serum and liver lipids, changes in liver morphology and serum chitotriosidase activity and its expression in the liver.
Key findings
Mannan serotype A stimulates the macrophage proliferation and NO production in murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro. The activity of serum chitotriosidase (an enzyme released from the activated macrophages) was found to be significantly increased in P-407-induced hyperlipidaemic mice pretreated with low-dose mannan compared with mice administered P-407 only. Mannan treatment in mice was shown to significantly increase the chitotriosidase expression in the liver of both non-hyperlipidaemic and P-407-induced hyperlipidaemic mice. Lastly, mice pretreated with mannan before the induction of hyperlipidaemia with P-407 showed a significant reduction in the serum concentration of atherogenic LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides and liver triglycerides.
Conclusions
It is suggested that mannan serotype A, like β-glucan, may represent another hypolipidaemic agent, which could potentially be used as an adjunctive therapy with conventional antihyperlipidaemic drugs (statins and fibrates) in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Korolenko
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Alexander P Lykov
- Scientific Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Marina V Khrapova
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalya V Goncharova
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Nataliya P Bgatova
- Scientific Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Eva Machova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Nescakova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ludmila V Sakhno
- Scientific Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Guo S, Ni Y, Ben J, Xia Y, Zhou T, Wang D, Ni J, Bai H, Wang L, Ma J, Chen Q. Class A Scavenger Receptor Exacerbates Osteoclastogenesis by an Interleukin-6-Mediated Mechanism through ERK and JNK Signaling Pathways. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:1155-1167. [PMID: 27766031 PMCID: PMC5069438 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.14654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts originate from bone marrow monocyte/macrophage lineage cells, which are important for bone health. Class A scavenger receptor (SR-A) is a multifunctional molecule that functions during differentiation of monocyte into macrophages and osteoclasts. To further characterize the role of SR-A in osteoclasts, we used the murine tooth movement model (TM) and the murine anterior cruciate ligament transection model of osteoarthritis (ACLT OA). In these two models the bones involved are of different origin and have different properties. Bone resorption was decreased in SR-A-/- mice compared to SR-A+/+ mice. Further evaluation showed that the number of multinucleated osteoclasts in SR-A-/- mice, compared to SR-A+/+ mice, was significantly decreased both in vivo and in vitro. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) produced by osteoclasts were reduced in SR-A-/- mice compared to SR-A+/+ mice. In the in vitro marrow-derived osteoclast formation assay and in both mouse models, osteoclastogenesis was restored to normal in SR-A-/- mice by administration of recombinant murine IL-6. Moreover, neutralization of IL-6 reduced the number of osteoclasts formed in SR-A+/+ mice of TM model. Both extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), but not p38, signaling pathways were downregulated in receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-stimulated SR-A-/- osteoclasts. Importantly, when treated with either ERK or JNK inhibitor, the numbers of osteoclasts generated from RANKL-induced bone marrow derived-macrophages of SR-A+/+ mice, and their IL-6 production, were significantly decreased. This suggests that SR-A activates the ERK and JNK signaling pathways, and promotes production of IL-6 by osteoclasts to further stimulate osteoclast formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Ben
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongyue Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jieli Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Bai
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junqing Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ho MM, Manughian-Peter A, Spivia WR, Taylor A, Fraser DA. Macrophage molecular signaling and inflammatory responses during ingestion of atherogenic lipoproteins are modulated by complement protein C1q. Atherosclerosis 2016; 253:38-46. [PMID: 27573737 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study investigated the effect of innate immune protein C1q on macrophage programmed responses during the ingestion of atherogenic lipoproteins. C1q plays a dual role in atherosclerosis where activation of complement by C1q is known to drive inflammation and promote disease progression. However, C1q is atheroprotective in early disease using mouse models. Our previous studies have highlighted a non-complement associated role for C1q in polarizing macrophages towards an M2-like anti-inflammatory phenotype during ingestion of targets such as atherogenic lipoproteins. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS We investigated the molecular signaling mechanisms involved in macrophage polarization using an unbiased examination of gene expression profiles in human monocyte derived macrophages ingesting oxidized or acetylated low density lipoproteins in the presence or absence of C1q. RESULTS Expression of genes involved in Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling, peroxisome proliferator activating receptor (PPAR) signaling and toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling were modulated by C1q in this screen. C1q was also shown to significantly suppress JAK-STAT pathway activation (a maximum 55% ± 13% reduction, p = 0.044) and increase transcriptional activation of PPARs (a maximum 229% ± 54% increase, p = 0.0002), consistent with an M2-like polarized response. These pathways were regulated in macrophages by C1q bound to different types of modified atherogenic lipoprotein and led to a reduction in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies potential molecular mechanisms for the beneficial role C1q plays in early atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Minh Ho
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Ayla Manughian-Peter
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Weston R Spivia
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Adam Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Deborah A Fraser
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is recognized as the pathological basis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and recent advances in basic science have shown that it should be considered as a chronic inflammatory process. Both elements of the innate and the adaptive immunity appear to be actively involved in atherogenesis. In fact, the potential role played by pattern-recognition receptors (Toll-like receptors and scavenger receptors), cytokines (such as IL-1, IL-6, TNFa), chemokines and pentraxines (such as CRP and PTX3) represents an emerging field of investigation in atherogenesis. In the near future we expect a better definition of the real biological and clinical impact on CVD of these mediators. On one side, they could become useful to complement traditional risk factors, in order to identify new categories of subjects prone to CVD development. On the other, they could become an additional potential target for therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rattazzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Padova, Treviso, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Aluganti Narasimhulu C, Fernandez-Ruiz I, Selvarajan K, Jiang X, Sengupta B, Riad A, Parthasarathy S. Atherosclerosis--do we know enough already to prevent it? Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 27:92-102. [PMID: 26974701 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we have briefly summarized the characteristics of lipids and lipoproteins and the atherosclerotic process. The development of atherosclerosis is a continuous process that involves numerous cellular and acellular processes that influence the behavior of each other. These include oxidative stress, lipoprotein modifications, macrophage polarization, macrophage lipid accumulation, generation of pro- and anti-inflammatory components, calcification, cellular growth and proliferation, and plaque rupture. The precise role(s) of many of these are unknown. Understanding the events at each particular stage might shed more light onto the process as a whole and could potentially reveal targets for intervention. Therapeutic modalities that work at one stage may have little to no influence on other stages of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Fernandez-Ruiz
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, United States
| | - Krithika Selvarajan
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, United States
| | - Xeuting Jiang
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, United States
| | - Bhaswati Sengupta
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, United States
| | - Aladdin Riad
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, United States
| | - Sampath Parthasarathy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Roy N, Ohtani K, Matsuda Y, Mori K, Hwang I, Suzuki Y, Inoue N, Wakamiya N. Collectin CL-P1 utilizes C-reactive protein for complement activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1118-28. [PMID: 26922829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-reactive protein (CRP) is a plasma pentraxin family protein that is massively induced as part of the innate immune response to infection and tissue injury. CRP and other pentraxin proteins can activate a complement pathway through C1q, collectins, or on microbe surfaces. It has been found that a lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1), which is an endothelial scavenger receptor (SR) having a C-type lectin-like domain, interacts with CRP to activate the complement pathway using C1q. However it remains elusive whether other lectins or SRs are involved in CRP-mediated complement activation and the downstream effect of the complement activation is also unknown. METHODS We prepared CHO/ldlA7 cells expressing collectin placenta-1 (CL-P1) and studied the interaction of CRP with cells. We further used ELISA for testing binding between proteins. We tested for C3 fragment deposition and terminal complement complex (TCC) formation on HEK293 cells expressing CL-P1. RESULTS Here, we demonstrated that CL-P1 bound CRP in a charge dependent manner and the interaction of CRP with CL-P1 mediated a classical complement activation pathway through C1q and additionally drove an amplification pathway using properdin. However, CRP also recruits complement factor H (CFH) on CL-P1 expressing cell surfaces, to inhibit the formation of a terminal complement complex in normal complement serum conditions. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The interaction of collectin CL-P1 with CFH might be key for preventing attack on "self" as a result of complement activation induced by the CL-P1 and CRP interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitai Roy
- Department of Microbiology & Immunochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuki Ohtani
- Department of Microbiology & Immunochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Matsuda
- Department of Microbiology & Immunochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Mori
- Department of Microbiology & Immunochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Insu Hwang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Department of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Inoue
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka 537-8511, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Wakamiya
- Department of Microbiology & Immunochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Inhibitory effects of Kaempferia parviflora extract on monocyte adhesion and cellular reactive oxygen species production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:949-964. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
42
|
Liraglutide reduces oxidized LDL-induced oxidative stress and fatty degeneration in Raw 264.7 cells involving the AMPK/SREBP1 pathway. JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC CARDIOLOGY : JGC 2015; 12:410-6. [PMID: 26346224 PMCID: PMC4554794 DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Backgound Recent studies have suggested a potential role for liraglutide in the prevention and stabilization of atherosclerotic vascular disease. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of liraglutide on atherosclerosis have not been well elucidated. The purpose of this study was to examine whether liraglutide protects against oxidative stress and fatty degeneration via modulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1) signaling pathway in foam cells. Methods Mouse macrophages Raw264.7 cells were exposed to oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) to induce the formation of foam cells. The cells were incubated with oxLDL (50 µg/mL), liraglutide (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 nmol/L) or exendin-3 (9-39) (1, 10 and 100 nmol/L) alone, or in combination. Oil Red O staining was used to detect intracellular lipid droplets. The levels of TG and cholesterol were measured using the commercial kits. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD). Western blot analysis was used to examine the expression of AMPKα1, SREBP1, phosphorylated AMPKα1, phosphorylated SREBP1, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R). Results Oil Red O staining showed that the cytoplasmic lipid droplet accumulation was visibly decreased in foam cells by treatment with liraglutide. The TG and cholesterol content in the liraglutide-treated foam cells was significantly decreased. In addition, foam cells manifested an impaired oxidative stress following liraglutide treatment, as evidenced by increased SOD, and decreased ROS and MDA. However, these effects of liraglutide on foam cells were attenuated by the use of GLP-1R antagonist exendin-3 (9-39). Furthermore, we found that the expression level of AMPKα1 and phosphorylated AMPKα1 was significantly increased while the expression level of SREBP1 and phosphorylated SREBP1 was significantly decreased in foam cells following treatment with liraglutide. Conclusions This study for the first time demonstrated that the effect of liraglutide on reducing oxidative stress and fatty degeneration in oxLDL-induced Raw264.7 cells is accompanied by the alteration of AMPK/SREBP1 pathway. This study provided a potential molecular mechanism for the effect of liraglutide on reducing oxidative stress and fatty degeneration.
Collapse
|
43
|
Mizejewski GJ. The alpha-fetoprotein third domain receptor binding fragment: in search of scavenger and associated receptor targets. J Drug Target 2015; 23:538-51. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1015538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
44
|
3-nitrotyrosine modified proteins in atherosclerosis. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:708282. [PMID: 25814781 PMCID: PMC4359869 DOI: 10.1155/2015/708282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of premature death worldwide, and atherosclerosis is the main contributor. Lipid-laden macrophages, known as foam cells, accumulate in the subendothelial space of the lesion area and contribute to consolidate a chronic inflammatory environment where oxygen and nitrogen derived oxidants are released. Oxidatively modified lipids and proteins are present both in plasma as well as atherosclerotic lesions. A relevant oxidative posttranslational protein modification is the addition of a nitro group to the hydroxyphenyl ring of tyrosine residues, mediated by nitric oxide derived oxidants. Nitrotyrosine modified proteins were found in the lesion and also in plasma from atherosclerotic patients. Despite the fact of the low yield of nitration, immunogenic, proatherogenic, and prothrombotic properties acquired by 3-nitrotyrosine modified proteins are in agreement with epidemiological studies showing a significant correlation between the level of nitration found in plasma proteins and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, supporting the usefulness of this biomarker to predict the outcome and to take appropriate therapeutic decisions in atherosclerotic disease.
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The key roles of macrophages in atherosclerosis include the phagocytosis of apoptotic and necrotic cells and cell debris, whose accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions exacerbates inflammation and promotes plaque vulnerability. Evidence is accumulating that macrophage phagocytic functions peak at the early stages of atherosclerosis and that the reduced phagocytosis at the late stages of disease leads to the generation of necrotic cores and a defective resolution of inflammation, which in turn promotes plaque rupture, thrombus formation, and life-threatening acute ischemic events (myocardial infarction and stroke). The impaired resolution of inflammation in advanced lesions featuring loss of macrophage phagocytic activity may be in part due to an imbalance between M1 and M2 subsets of polarized macrophages. A better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate macrophage phagocytic activity in the context of atherosclerosis may therefore help identify novel therapeutic targets. This chapter presents a protocol for establishing primary mouse macrophage cultures, a method for polarizing macrophages to the M1 and M2 states, and a method for the in vitro study of macrophage phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized or IgM/complement component 3-opsonized erythrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda R Hamczyk
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Vascular Biology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Villa-Bellosta
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Vascular Biology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Vascular Biology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ganini D, Mason RP. Absence of an effect of vitamin E on protein and lipid radical formation during lipoperoxidation of LDL by lipoxygenase. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:61-8. [PMID: 25091900 PMCID: PMC4252844 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation is the primary event in atherosclerosis, and LDL lipoperoxidation leads to modifications in apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B-100) and lipids. Intermediate species of lipoperoxidation are known to be able to generate amino acid-centered radicals. Thus, we hypothesized that lipoperoxidation intermediates induce protein-derived free radical formation during LDL oxidation. Using DMPO and immuno-spin trapping, we detected the formation of protein free radicals on LDL incubated with Cu(2+) or the soybean lipoxidase (LPOx)/phospholipase A2 (PLA2). With low concentrations of DMPO (1mM), Cu(2+) dose-dependently induced oxidation of LDL and easily detected apo B-100 radicals. Protein radical formation in LDL incubated with Cu(2+) showed maximum yields after 30 min. In contrast, the yields of apo B-100 radicals formed by LPOx/PLA2 followed a typical enzyme-catalyzed kinetics that was unaffected by DMPO concentrations of up to 50mM. Furthermore, when we analyzed the effect of antioxidants on protein radical formation during LDL oxidation, we found that ascorbate, urate, and Trolox dose-dependently reduced apo B-100 free radical formation in LDL exposed to Cu(2+). In contrast, Trolox was the only antioxidant that even partially protected LDL from LPOx/PLA2. We also examined the kinetics of lipid radical formation and protein radical formation induced by Cu(2+) or LPOx/PLA2 for LDL supplemented with α-tocopherol. In contrast to the potent antioxidant effect of α-tocopherol on the delay of LDL oxidation induced by Cu(2+), when we used the oxidizing system LPOx/PLA2, no significant protection was detected. The lack of protection of α-tocopherol on the apo B-100 and lipid free radical formation by LPOx may explain the failure of vitamin E as a cardiovascular protective agent for humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Ganini
- Free Radical Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Ronald P Mason
- Free Radical Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sun Z, Xu L. Computational fluid dynamics in coronary artery disease. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2014; 38:651-63. [PMID: 25262321 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a widely used method in mechanical engineering to solve complex problems by analysing fluid flow, heat transfer, and associated phenomena by using computer simulations. In recent years, CFD has been increasingly used in biomedical research of coronary artery disease because of its high performance hardware and software. CFD techniques have been applied to study cardiovascular haemodynamics through simulation tools to predict the behaviour of circulatory blood flow in the human body. CFD simulation based on 3D luminal reconstructions can be used to analyse the local flow fields and flow profiling due to changes of coronary artery geometry, thus, identifying risk factors for development and progression of coronary artery disease. This review aims to provide an overview of the CFD applications in coronary artery disease, including biomechanics of atherosclerotic plaques, plaque progression and rupture; regional haemodynamics relative to plaque location and composition. A critical appraisal is given to a more recently developed application, fractional flow reserve based on CFD computation with regard to its diagnostic accuracy in the detection of haemodynamically significant coronary artery disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Sun
- Discipline of Medical Imaging, Department of Imaging and Applied Physics, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kissick HT, Dunn LK, Ghosh S, Nechama M, Kobzik L, Arredouani MS. The scavenger receptor MARCO modulates TLR-induced responses in dendritic cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104148. [PMID: 25089703 PMCID: PMC4121322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The scavenger receptor MARCO mediates macrophage recognition and clearance of pathogens and their polyanionic ligands. However, recent studies demonstrate MARCO expression and function in dendritic cells, suggesting MARCO might serve to bridge innate and adaptive immunity. To gain additional insight into the role of MARCO in dendritic cell activation and function, we profiled transcriptomes of mouse splenic dendritic cells obtained from MARCO deficient mice and their wild type counterparts under resting and activating conditions. In silico analysis uncovered major alterations in gene expression in MARCO deficient dendritic cells resulting in dramatic alterations in key dendritic cell-specific pathways and functions. Specifically, changes in CD209, FCGR4 and Complement factors can have major consequences on DC-mediated innate responses. Notably, these perturbations were magnified following activation with the TLR-4 agonist lipopolysaccharide. To validate our in silico data, we challenged DC‘s with various agonists that recognize all mouse TLRs and assessed expression of a set of immune and inflammatory marker genes. This approach identified a differential contribution of MARCO to TLR activation and validated a major role for MARCO in mounting an inflammatory response. Together, our data demonstrate that MARCO differentially affects TLR-induced DC activation and suggest targeting of MARCO could lead to different outcomes that depend on the inflammatory context encountered by DC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haydn T. Kissick
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Laura K. Dunn
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sanjukta Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Morris Nechama
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lester Kobzik
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mohamed S. Arredouani
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liu Z, Wang J, Huang E, Gao S, Li H, Lu J, Tian K, Little PJ, Shen X, Xu S, Liu P. Tanshinone IIA suppresses cholesterol accumulation in human macrophages: role of heme oxygenase-1. J Lipid Res 2013; 55:201-13. [PMID: 24302760 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m040394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of foam cells in the neointima represents a key event in atherosclerosis. We previously demonstrated that Tanshinone IIA (Tan), a lipophilic bioactive compound extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, inhibits experimental atherogenesis, yet the detailed mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we sought to explore the potential effects of Tan on lipid accumulation in macrophage foam cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our data indicate that Tan treatment reduced the content of macrophages, cholesterol accumulation, and the development of atherosclerotic plaque in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. In human macrophages, Tan ameliorated oxidized low density lipoporotein (oxLDL)-elicited foam cell formation by inhibiting oxLDL uptake and promoting cholesterol efflux. Mechanistically, Tan markedly reduced the expression of scavenger receptor class A and increased the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ABCG1 in lipid-laden macrophages via activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway. Tan treatment induced the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and subsequently increased the expression of HO-1, and these effects were abolished by the specific ERK inhibitors, PD98059 and U0126. Moreover, HO-1 small interfering RNA or zinc protoporphyrin (a HO-1 inhibitor) abrogated Tan-mediated suppression of lipid accumulation in macrophages. Our current findings demonstrate that a novel HO-1-dependent mechanism is involved in the regulation of cholesterol balance by Tan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
de Vries JW, Zhang F, Herrmann A. Drug delivery systems based on nucleic acid nanostructures. J Control Release 2013; 172:467-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|