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Han MM, Fan YK, Zhang Y, Dong ZQ. Advances in herbal polysaccharides-based nano-drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy. J Drug Target 2024; 32:311-324. [PMID: 38269853 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2309661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The boom in cancer immunotherapy has provided many patients with a better chance of survival, but opportunities often come with challenges. Single immunotherapy is not good enough to eradicate tumours, and often fails to achieve the desired therapeutic effect because of the low targeting of immunotherapy drugs, and causes more side effects. As a solution to this problem, researchers have developed several nano Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) to deliver immunotherapeutic agents to achieve good therapeutic outcomes. However, traditional drug delivery systems (DDS) have disadvantages such as poor bioavailability, high cytotoxicity, and difficulty in synthesis, etc. Herbal Polysaccharides (HPS), derived from natural Chinese herbs, inherently possess low toxicity. Furthermore, the biocompatibility, biodegradability, hydrophilicity, ease of modification, and immunomodulatory activities of HPS offer unique advantages in substituting traditional DDS. This review initially addresses the current developments and challenges in immunotherapy. Subsequently, it focuses on the immunomodulatory mechanisms of HPS and their design as nanomedicines for targeted drug delivery in tumour immunotherapy. Our findings reveal that HPS-based nanomedicines exhibit significant potential in enhancing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, providing crucial theoretical foundations and practical guidelines for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Han
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine from Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription from Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Kai Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine from Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription from Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine from Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription from Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Joint Research Center for Chinese Medicinal Herbs, IMPLAD, ABRC & ACCL, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Qi Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine from Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription from Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Joint Research Center for Chinese Medicinal Herbs, IMPLAD, ABRC & ACCL, Beijing, China
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Aparicio AM, Tidwell RSS, Yadav SS, Chen JS, Zhang M, Liu J, Guo S, Pilié PG, Yu Y, Song X, Vundavilli H, Jindal S, Zhu K, Viscuse PV, Lebenthal JM, Hahn AW, Soundararajan R, Corn PG, Zurita AJ, Subudhi SK, Zhang J, Wang W, Huff C, Troncoso P, Allison JP, Sharma P, Logothetis CJ. A Modular Trial of Androgen Signaling Inhibitor Combinations Testing a Risk-Adapted Strategy in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:2751-2763. [PMID: 38683200 PMCID: PMC11216872 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the efficacy and safety of risk-adapted combinations of androgen signaling inhibitors and inform disease classifiers for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a modular, randomized phase II trial, 192 men were treated with 8 weeks of abiraterone acetate, prednisone, and apalutamide (AAPA; module 1) and then allocated to modules 2 or 3 based on satisfactory (≥50% PSA decline from baseline and <5 circulating tumor cell/7.5 mL) versus unsatisfactory status. Men in the former were randomly assigned to continue AAPA alone (module 2A) or with ipilimumab (module 2B). Men in the latter group had carboplatin + cabazitaxel added to AAPA (module 3). Optional baseline biopsies were subjected to correlative studies. RESULTS Median overall survival (from allocation) was 46.4 [95% confidence interval (CI), 39.2-68.2], 41.4 (95% CI, 33.3-49.9), and 18.7 (95% CI, 14.3-26.3) months in modules 2A (n = 64), 2B (n = 64), and 3 (n = 59), respectively. Toxicities were within expectations. Of 192 eligible patients, 154 (80.2%) underwent pretreatment metastatic biopsies. The aggressive-variant prostate cancer molecular profile (defects in ≥2 of p53, RB1, and PTEN) was associated with unsatisfactory status. Exploratory analyses suggested that secreted phosphoprotein 1-positive and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2-positive macrophages, druggable myeloid cell markers, and germline pathogenic mutations were enriched in the unsatisfactory group. CONCLUSIONS Adding ipilimumab to AAPA did not improve outcomes in men with androgen-responsive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Despite the addition of carboplatin + cabazitaxel, men in the unsatisfactory group had shortened survivals. Adaptive designs can enrich for biologically and clinically relevant disease subgroups to contribute to the development of marker-informed, risk-adapted therapy strategies in men with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Aparicio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca S. S. Tidwell
- Department of Biostatistics; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shalini S. Yadav
- Department of Immunology; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jiun-Sheng Chen
- Department of Immunology; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Anatomical Pathology; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Genomic Medicine; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Patrick G. Pilié
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yao Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xingzhi Song
- Department of Genomic Medicine; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Haswanth Vundavilli
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sonali Jindal
- Department of Immunology; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Keyi Zhu
- Department of Anatomical Pathology; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paul V. Viscuse
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Justin M. Lebenthal
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew W. Hahn
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rama Soundararajan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paul G. Corn
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amado J. Zurita
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sumit K. Subudhi
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chad Huff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Patricia Troncoso
- Department of Anatomical Pathology; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James P. Allison
- Department of Immunology; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Padmanee Sharma
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Immunology; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher J. Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Liadi Y, Campbell T, Dike P, Harlemon M, Elliott B, Odero-Marah V. Prostate cancer metastasis and health disparities: a systematic review. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2024; 27:183-191. [PMID: 37046071 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-023-00667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa), one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting men, significantly contributes to increased mortality rates worldwide. While the causative death is due to advanced metastatic disease, this occurrence disproportionately impacts men of African descent compared to men of European descent. In this review, we describe potential mechanisms underlying PCa metastases disparities and current treatments for metastatic disease among these populations, differences in treatment outcomes, and survival rates, in hopes of highlighting a need to address disparities in PCa metastases. METHODS We reviewed existing literature using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct using the following keywords: "prostate cancer metastases", "metastatic prostate cancer disparity", "metastatic prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment", "prostate cancer genetic differences and mechanisms", "genetic differences and prostate tumor microenvironment", and "men of African descent and access to clinical treatments". The inclusion criteria for literature usage were original research articles and review articles. RESULTS Studies indicate unique genetic signatures and molecular mechanisms such as Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), inflammation, and growth hormone signaling involved in metastatic PCa disparities. Clinical studies also demonstrate differences in treatment outcomes that are race-specific, for example, patients of African descent have a better response to enzalutamide and immunotherapy yet have less access to these drugs as compared to patients of European descent. CONCLUSIONS Growing evidence suggests a connection between a patient's genetic profile, the prostate tumor microenvironment, and social determinants of health that contribute to the aggressiveness of metastatic disease and treatment outcomes. With several potential pathways highlighted, the limitations in current diagnostic and therapeutic applications that target disparity in PCa metastases warrant rigorous research attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Liadi
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
| | - Taaliah Campbell
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, 30314, USA
| | - Precious Dike
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
| | - Maxine Harlemon
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, 30314, USA
| | - Bethtrice Elliott
- Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
| | - Valerie Odero-Marah
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA.
- Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA.
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Tilki D, van den Bergh RCN, Briers E, Van den Broeck T, Brunckhorst O, Darraugh J, Eberli D, De Meerleer G, De Santis M, Farolfi A, Gandaglia G, Gillessen S, Grivas N, Henry AM, Lardas M, J L H van Leenders G, Liew M, Linares Espinos E, Oldenburg J, van Oort IM, Oprea-Lager DE, Ploussard G, Roberts MJ, Rouvière O, Schoots IG, Schouten N, Smith EJ, Stranne J, Wiegel T, Willemse PPM, Cornford P. EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-ISUP-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. Part II-2024 Update: Treatment of Relapsing and Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2024:S0302-2838(24)02306-6. [PMID: 38688773 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The European Association of Urology (EAU)-European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)-European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO)-European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR)-International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP)-International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) guidelines on the treatment of relapsing, metastatic, and castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) have been updated. Here we provide a summary of the 2024 guidelines. METHODS The panel performed a literature review of new data, covering the time frame between 2020 and 2023. The guidelines were updated and a strength rating for each recommendation was added on the basis of a systematic review of the evidence. KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS Risk stratification for relapsing PCa after primary therapy may guide salvage therapy decisions. New treatment options, such as androgen receptor-targeted agents (ARTAs), ARTA + chemotherapy combinations, PARP inhibitors and their combinations, and prostate-specific membrane antigen-based therapy have become available for men with metastatic PCa. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Evidence for relapsing, metastatic, and castration-resistant PCa is evolving rapidly. These guidelines reflect the multidisciplinary nature of PCa management. The full version is available online (http://uroweb.org/guideline/ prostate-cancer/). PATIENT SUMMARY This article summarises the 2024 guidelines for the treatment of relapsing, metastatic, and castration-resistant prostate cancer. These guidelines are based on evidence and guide doctors in discussing treatment decisions with their patients. The guidelines are updated every year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Tilki
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Urology, Koc University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | - Julie Darraugh
- European Association of Urology, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Eberli
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gert De Meerleer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria De Santis
- Department of Urology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Farolfi
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gandaglia
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, Soldera Prostate Cancer Laboratory, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Silke Gillessen
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Grivas
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ann M Henry
- Leeds Cancer Centre, St. James's University Hospital and University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Michael Lardas
- Department of Urology, Metropolitan General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Matthew Liew
- Department of Urology, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Jan Oldenburg
- Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge M van Oort
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela E Oprea-Lager
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Matthew J Roberts
- Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Australia
| | - Olivier Rouvière
- Department of Imaging, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UFR Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
| | - Ivo G Schoots
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Emma J Smith
- European Association of Urology, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Stranne
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Wiegel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter-Paul M Willemse
- Department of Urology, Cancer Center University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Cornford
- Department of Urology, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
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Sindhu KK, Dovey Z, Thompson M, Nehlsen AD, Skalina KA, Malachowska B, Hasan S, Guha C, Tang J, Salgado LR. The potential role of precision medicine to alleviate racial disparities in prostate, bladder and renal urological cancer care. BJUI COMPASS 2024; 5:405-425. [PMID: 38633827 PMCID: PMC11019243 DOI: 10.1002/bco2.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Racial disparities in oncological outcomes resulting from differences in social determinants of health (SDOH) and tumour biology are well described in prostate cancer (PCa) but similar inequities exist in bladder (BCa) and renal cancers (RCCs). Precision medicine (PM) aims to provide personalized treatment based on individual patient characteristics and has the potential to reduce these inequities in GU cancers. Objective This article aims to review the current evidence outlining racial disparities in GU cancers and explore studies demonstrating improved oncological outcomes when PM is applied to racially diverse patient populations. Evidence acquisition Evidence was obtained from Pubmed and Web of Science using keywords prostate, bladder and renal cancer, racial disparity and precision medicine. Because limited studies were found, preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were not applied but rather related articles were studied to explore existing debates, identify the current status and speculate on future applications. Results Evidence suggests addressing SDOH for PCa can reverse racial inequities in oncological outcomes but differences in incidence remain. Similar disparities in BCa and RCC are seen, and it would be reasonable to suggest achieving parity in SDOH for all races would do the same. Research applying a PM approach to different ethnicities is lacking although in African Americans (AAs) with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPCa) better outcomes have been shown with androgen receptor inhibitors, radium-223 and sipuleucel. Exploiting the abscopal effect with targeted radiation therapy (RT) and immunotherapy has promise but requires further study, as does defining actionable mutations in specific patient groups to tailor treatments as appropriate. Conclusion For all GU cancers, the historical underrepresentation of ethnic minorities in clinical trials still exists and there is an urgent need for recruitment strategies to address this. PM is a promising development with the potential to reduce inequities in GU cancers, however, both improved understanding of race-specific tumour biology, and enhanced recruitment of minority populations into clinical trials are required. Without this, the benefits of PM will be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal K. Sindhu
- Department of Radiation OncologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Zachary Dovey
- Department of UrologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Marcher Thompson
- Department of Radiation OncologyAIS Cancer Center/Adventist HealthBakersfieldCAUSA
| | - Anthony D. Nehlsen
- Department of Radiation OncologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Karin A. Skalina
- Department of Radiation OncologyMontefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
| | - Beata Malachowska
- Department of Radiation OncologyMontefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
| | - Shaakir Hasan
- Department of Radiation OncologyMontefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Radiation OncologyMontefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
| | - Justin Tang
- Department of Radiation OncologyMontefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
| | - Lucas Resende Salgado
- Department of Radiation OncologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
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Jia W, Shen X, Guo Z, Cheng X, Zhao R. The future of cancer vaccines against colorectal cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2024; 24:269-284. [PMID: 38644655 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2341744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most lethal malignancy worldwide. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) benefit only 15% of patients with mismatch repair-deficient/microsatellite instability (dMMR/MSI) CRC. The majority of patients are not suitable due to insufficient immune infiltration. Cancer vaccines are a potential approach for inducing tumor-specific immunity within the solid tumor microenvironment. AREA COVERED In this review, we have provided an overview of the current progress in CRC vaccines over the past three years and briefly depict promising directions for further exploration. EXPERT OPINION Cancer vaccines are certainly a promising field for the antitumor treatment against CRC. Compared to monotherapy, cancer vaccines are more appropriate as adjuvants to standard treatment, especially in combination with ICI blockade, for microsatellite stable patients. Improved vaccine construction requires neoantigens with sufficient immunogenicity, satisfactory HLA-binding affinity, and an ideal delivery platform with perfect lymph node retention and minimal off-target effects. Prophylactic vaccines that potentially prevent CRC carcinogenesis are also worth investigating. The exploration of appropriate biomarkers for cancer vaccines may benefit prognostic prediction analysis and therapeutic response prediction in patients with CRC. Although many challenges remain, CRC vaccines represent an exciting area of research that may become an effective addition to current guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaonan Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zichao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Heras-Murillo I, Adán-Barrientos I, Galán M, Wculek SK, Sancho D. Dendritic cells as orchestrators of anticancer immunity and immunotherapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:257-277. [PMID: 38326563 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous group of antigen-presenting innate immune cells that regulate adaptive immunity, including against cancer. Therefore, understanding the precise activities of DCs in tumours and patients with cancer is important. The classification of DC subsets has historically been based on ontogeny; however, single-cell analyses are now additionally revealing a diversity of functional states of DCs in cancer. DCs can promote the activation of potent antitumour T cells and immune responses via numerous mechanisms, although they can also be hijacked by tumour-mediated factors to contribute to immune tolerance and cancer progression. Consequently, DC activities are often key determinants of the efficacy of immunotherapies, including immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Potentiating the antitumour functions of DCs or using them as tools to orchestrate short-term and long-term anticancer immunity has immense but as-yet underexploited therapeutic potential. In this Review, we outline the nature and emerging complexity of DC states as well as their functions in regulating adaptive immunity across different cancer types. We also describe how DCs are required for the success of current immunotherapies and explore the inherent potential of targeting DCs for cancer therapy. We focus on novel insights on DCs derived from patients with different cancers, single-cell studies of DCs and their relevance to therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Heras-Murillo
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Adán-Barrientos
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Galán
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefanie K Wculek
- Innate Immune Biology Laboratory, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - David Sancho
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
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Ninmer EK, Zhu H, Chianese-Bullock KA, von Mehren M, Haas NB, Ross MI, Dengel LT, Slingluff CL. Multipeptide vaccines for melanoma in the adjuvant setting: long-term survival outcomes and post-hoc analysis of a randomized phase II trial. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2570. [PMID: 38519525 PMCID: PMC10959948 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The critical roles of CD4+ T cells have been understudied for cancer vaccines. Here we report long-term clinical outcomes of a randomized multicenter phase II clinical trial (NCT00118274), where patients with high-risk melanoma received a multipeptide vaccine targeting CD8+ T cells (12MP) and were randomized to receive either of two vaccines for CD4+ (helper) T cells: 6MHP (6 melanoma-specific helper peptides), or tet (a nonspecific helper peptide from tetanus toxoid). Cyclophosphamide (Cy) pre-treatment was also assessed. Primary outcomes for T cell responses to 12MP, 6MHP, and tet were previously reported, suggesting immunogenicity of both vaccines but that CD8 T cell responses to 12MP were lower when tet was replaced with 6MHP. Here, in post-hoc analyses, we report durable prolongation of overall survival by adding 6MHP instead of tet. That benefit was experienced only by male patients. A favorable interaction of 6MHP and Cy is also suggested. Multivariable Cox regression analysis of the intent-to-treat population identify vaccine arm (12MP + 6MHP+Cy) and patient sex (male) as the two significant predictors of enhanced survival. These findings support the value of adding cognate T cell help to cancer vaccines and also suggest a need to assess the impact of patient sex on immune therapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Ninmer
- Department of Surgery/Division of Surgical Oncology and the Human Immune Therapy Center, Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kimberly A Chianese-Bullock
- Department of Surgery/Division of Surgical Oncology and the Human Immune Therapy Center, Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Naomi B Haas
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Merrick I Ross
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lynn T Dengel
- Department of Surgery/Division of Surgical Oncology and the Human Immune Therapy Center, Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Craig L Slingluff
- Department of Surgery/Division of Surgical Oncology and the Human Immune Therapy Center, Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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9
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Meulewaeter S, Zhang Y, Wadhwa A, Fox K, Lentacker I, Harder KW, Cullis PR, De Smedt SC, Cheng MHY, Verbeke R. Considerations on the Design of Lipid-based mRNA Vaccines Against Cancer. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168385. [PMID: 38065276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the last decades, mRNA vaccines have been developed as a cancer immunotherapeutic and the technology recently gained momentum during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent promising results obtained from clinical trials investigating lipid-based mRNA vaccines in cancer therapy further highlighted the potential of this therapy. Interestingly, while the technologies being used in authorized mRNA vaccines for the prevention of COVID-19 are relatively similar, mRNA vaccines in clinical development for cancer vaccination show marked differences in mRNA modification, lipid carrier, and administration route. In this review, we describe findings on how these factors can impact the potency of mRNA vaccines in cancer therapy and provide insights into the complex interplay between them. We discuss how lipid carrier composition can affect passive targeting to immune cells to improve the efficacy and safety of mRNA vaccines. Finally, we summarize strategies that are established or still being explored to improve the efficacy of mRNA cancer vaccines and include next-generation vaccines that are on the horizon in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Meulewaeter
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Yao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Abishek Wadhwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kevin Fox
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ine Lentacker
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Kenneth W Harder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Pieter R Cullis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Miffy H Y Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Rein Verbeke
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
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10
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Chandarana C, Tiwari A. A Review of Clinical Trials of Cancer and Its Treatment as a Vaccine. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2024; 19:7-33. [PMID: 37953617 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871260733231031081921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer and infectious diseases are one of the greatest challenges of modern medicine. An unhealthy lifestyle, poor drug use, or drug misuse contribute to the rise in morbidity and mortality brought on by these illnesses. The inadequacies of the medications now being used to treat these disorders, along with the growing issue of drug resistance, have compelled researchers to look for novel compounds with therapeutic promise. The number of infections and diseases has significantly abated due to vaccine development and use over time, which is described in detail. Several novel vaccines can now be produced by manipulating Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), Ribonucleic acid (RNA), Messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA), proteins, viral vector Recombinant, and other molecules due to advances in genetic engineering and our understanding of the immune defense. OBJECTIVE The main topic of discussion is cancer-based vaccinations, which were developed less than a decade ago but have already been used to treat a wide range of both life-threatening and deadly diseases. It contains clinical studies for cancer vaccines against kidney, liver, prostate, cervix, and certain RNA-based cancer vaccines against breast and bladder cancer. RESULTS Numerous studies using various DNA and RNA-based methods have been conducted on the basis of cancer, with 9-10 diseases related to DNA and 8-9 diseases associated with RNA. Some of these studies have been completed, while others have been eliminated due to a lack of research; further studies are ongoing regarding the same. CONCLUSION This brief discussion of vaccines and their varieties with examples also discusses vaccine clinical trials in relation to cancer diseases in this DNA and RNA-based cancer vaccine that has had successful clinical trials like the cervical cancer drug VGX-3100, the kidney cancer drug Pembrolizumab, MGN-1601, the prostate cancer drug pTVG-HP with rhGM-CSF, the melanoma cancer drug proteasome siRNA, and the lung cancer drug FRAME-001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandani Chandarana
- Department of Quality Assurance, SSR College of Pharmacy, Sayli Road, Silvassa, U.T of Dadra Nagar and Haveli- 396230, India
| | - Anuradha Tiwari
- Department of Quality Assurance, SSR College of Pharmacy, Sayli Road, Silvassa, U.T of Dadra Nagar and Haveli- 396230, India
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11
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Gates TJ, Wangmo D, Zhao X, Subramanian S. Allogeneic tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles stimulate CD8 T cell response in colorectal cancer. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 31:100727. [PMID: 37822487 PMCID: PMC10562189 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.100727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Most colorectal cancer (CRC) patients present with a microsatellite-stable phenotype, rendering them resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Among the contributors to ICI resistance, tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) have emerged as critical players. Previously we demonstrated that autologous transfer of TEVs without miR-424 can induce tumor antigen-specific immune responses in CRC models. Therefore, we postulated that allogeneic TEVs, modified to lack miR-424 and derived from an MC38 cells, could induce CD8+ T cell responses while restraining CT26 cell-based tumor. Here, we show that prophylactic administration of MC38 TEVs, without miR-424, showed a significant augmentation in CD8+ T-cells within CT26 tumors. This allogenic TEV effect was evident in CT26 tumors but not B16-F10 melanoma. Furthermore, we demonstrated the capacity of dendritic cells (DCs) to internalize TEVs, a possible mechanism to elicit immune response. Our investigation of autologously administered DCs, which had been exposed to modified TEVs, underscores their potential to dampen tumor growth while elevating CD8+ T cell levels vis-a-vis MC38 wild-type TEVs exposed to DCs. Notably, the modified TEVs were well tolerated and did not increase peripheral blood cytokine levels. Our findings underscore the potential of modified allogeneic TEVs without immune-suppressive factors to elicit robust T cell responses and limit tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J. Gates
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dechen Wangmo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xianda Zhao
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Subbaya Subramanian
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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12
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Verma C, Pawar VA, Srivastava S, Tyagi A, Kaushik G, Shukla SK, Kumar V. Cancer Vaccines in the Immunotherapy Era: Promise and Potential. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1783. [PMID: 38140187 PMCID: PMC10747700 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccines are a promising alternative for active immunotherapy for different types of cancers. Therapeutic cancer vaccines aim to prevent immune system responses that are not targeted at the tumors only, but also boost the anti-tumor immunity and promote regression or eradication of the malignancy without, or with minimal, adverse events. Clinical trial data have pushed the development of cancer vaccines forward, and the US Food and Drug Administration authorized the first therapeutic cancer vaccine. In the present review, we discuss the various types of cancer vaccines and different approaches for the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines, along with the current state of knowledge and future prospects. We also discuss how tumor-induced immune suppression limits the effectiveness of therapeutic vaccinations, and strategies to overcome this barrier to design efficacious, long-lasting anti-tumor immune responses in the generation of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitenya Verma
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | | | - Shivani Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Anuradha Tyagi
- Department of cBRN, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Science, Delhi 110054, India;
| | - Gaurav Kaushik
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India;
| | - Surendra Kumar Shukla
- Department of Oncology Science, OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
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13
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Tu SM, Aydin AM, Maraboyina S, Chen Z, Singh S, Gokden N, Langford T. Stem Cell Origin of Cancer: Clinical Implications for Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5385. [PMID: 38001645 PMCID: PMC10670143 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple way to understand the immune system is to separate the self from non-self. If it is self, the immune system tolerates and spares. If it is non-self, the immune system attacks and destroys. Consequently, if cancer has a stem cell origin and is a stem cell disease, we have a serious problem and a major dilemma with immunotherapy. Because many refractory cancers are more self than non-self, immunotherapy may become an uphill battle and pyrrhic victory in cancer care. In this article, we elucidate cancer immunity. We demonstrate for whom, with what, as well as when and how to apply immunotherapy in cancer care. We illustrate that a stem cell theory of cancer affects our perspectives and narratives of cancer. Without a pertinent theory about cancer's origin and nature, we may unwittingly perform misdirected cancer research and prescribe misguided cancer treatments. In the ongoing saga of immunotherapy, we are at a critical juncture. Because of the allure and promises of immunotherapy, we will be treating more patients not immediately threatened by their cancer. They may have more to lose than to gain, if we have a misconception and if we are on a wrong mission with immunotherapy. According to the stem cell theory of cancer, we should be careful with immunotherapy. When we do not know or realize that cancer originates from a stem cell and has stem-ness capabilities, we may cause more harm than good in some patients and fail to separate the truth from the myth about immunotherapy in cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ming Tu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (Z.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Ahmet Murat Aydin
- Department of Urology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.M.A.); (T.L.)
| | - Sanjay Maraboyina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Zhongning Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (Z.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Sunny Singh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (Z.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Neriman Gokden
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Timothy Langford
- Department of Urology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.M.A.); (T.L.)
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14
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Datsi A, Falkowski L, Sorg RV. Generation and quality control of mature monocyte-derived dendritic cells for immunotherapy. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 183:1-31. [PMID: 38548408 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cell vaccination is a form of active immunotherapy that aims to exploit the crucial role of DC in the initiation of T-cell responses. Numerous vaccination trials have been conducted targeting various tumor entities, including glioblastoma, the most frequent and aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults. They have demonstrated feasibility and safety and suggest improved survival, associated with induction of anti-tumoral immunity. Here, we describe in detail a large-scale 2-step protocol for successive GMP-compliant generation of immature and mature dendritic cells, yielding a highly homogenous population of CD83+ mature DC expressing CD40, CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR at high density, lacking activity of the immunosuppressive enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, migrating towards the chemokine CCL19 and showing highly potent T-cell stimulatory activity. Loaded with autologous tumor lysate, these cells are currently being evaluated in a phase II controlled randomized clinical trial (GlioVax) in glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Datsi
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lea Falkowski
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rüdiger V Sorg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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15
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of death in men worldwide. For over 30 years, growing interest has focused on the development of vaccines as treatments for prostate cancer, with the goal of using vaccines to activate immune cells capable of targeting prostate cancer to either eradicate recurrent disease or at least delay disease progression. This interest has been prompted by the prevalence and long natural history of the disease and by the fact that the prostate is an expendable organ. Thus, an immune response elicited by vaccination might not need to target the tumour uniquely but could theoretically target any prostate tissue. To date, different vaccine approaches and targets for prostate cancer have been evaluated in clinical trials. Overall, five approaches have been assessed in randomized phase III trials and sipuleucel-T was approved as a treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, being the only vaccine approved to date by the FDA as a treatment for cancer. Most vaccine approaches showed safety and some evidence of immunological activity but had poor clinical activity when used as monotherapies. However, increased activity has been observed when these vaccines were used in combination with other immune-modulating therapies. This evidence suggests that, in the future, prostate cancer vaccines might be used to activate and expand tumour-specific T cells as part of combination approaches with agents that target tumour-associated immune mechanisms of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichwaku Rastogi
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anusha Muralidhar
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Douglas G McNeel
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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16
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Linares CA, Varghese A, Ghose A, Shinde SD, Adeleke S, Sanchez E, Sheriff M, Chargari C, Rassy E, Boussios S. Hallmarks of the Tumour Microenvironment of Gliomas and Its Interaction with Emerging Immunotherapy Modalities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13215. [PMID: 37686020 PMCID: PMC10487469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are aggressive, primary central nervous system tumours arising from glial cells. Glioblastomas are the most malignant. They are known for their poor prognosis or median overall survival. The current standard of care is overwhelmed by the heterogeneous, immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment promoting immune evasion and tumour proliferation. The advent of immunotherapy with its various modalities-immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses and chimeric antigen receptor T cells and NK cells-has shown promise. Clinical trials incorporating combination immunotherapies have overcome the microenvironment resistance and yielded promising survival and prognostic benefits. Rolling these new therapies out in the real-world scenario in a low-cost, high-throughput manner is the unmet need of the hour. These will have practice-changing implications to the glioma treatment landscape. Here, we review the immunobiological hallmarks of the TME of gliomas, how the TME evades immunotherapies and the work that is being conducted to overcome this interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A. Linares
- Guy’s Cancer Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK; (C.A.L.); (S.A.)
| | - Anjana Varghese
- Kent Oncology Centre, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Hermitage Lane, Maidstone, Kent ME16 9QQ, UK;
| | - Aruni Ghose
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (A.G.); (E.S.); (M.S.)
- Barts Cancer Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Northwood HA6 2RN, UK
- Immuno-Oncology Clinical Network, UK
| | - Sayali D. Shinde
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
| | - Sola Adeleke
- Guy’s Cancer Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK; (C.A.L.); (S.A.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Elisabet Sanchez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (A.G.); (E.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Matin Sheriff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (A.G.); (E.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Cyrus Chargari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Elie Rassy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France;
| | - Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (A.G.); (E.S.); (M.S.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Kent and Medway Medical School, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7LX, UK
- AELIA Organization, 9th Km Thessaloniki–Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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17
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Yao M, Liu X, Qian Z, Fan D, Sun X, Zhong L, Wu P. Research progress of nanovaccine in anti-tumor immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1211262. [PMID: 37692854 PMCID: PMC10484753 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1211262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor vaccines aim to activate dormant or unresponsive tumor-specific T lymphocytes by using tumor-specific or tumor-associated antigens, thus enhancing the body's natural defense against cancer. However, the effectiveness of tumor vaccines is limited by the presence of tumor heterogeneity, low immunogenicity, and immune evasion mechanisms. Fortunately, multifunctional nanoparticles offer a unique chance to address these issues. With the advantages of their small size, high stability, efficient drug delivery, and controlled surface chemistry, nanomaterials can precisely target tumor sites, improve the delivery of tumor antigens and immune adjuvants, reshape the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and enhance the body's anti-tumor immune response, resulting in improved efficacy and reduced side effects. Nanovaccine, a type of vaccine that uses nanotechnology to deliver antigens and adjuvants to immune cells, has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy due to its ability to stimulate immune responses and induce tumor-specific immunity. In this review, we discussed the compositions and types of nanovaccine, and the mechanisms behind their anti-tumor effects based on the latest research. We hope that this will provide a more scientific basis for designing tumor vaccines and enhancing the effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhangbo Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dianfa Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinjun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liping Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Pan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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18
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Najafi S, Mortezaee K. Advances in dendritic cell vaccination therapy of cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114954. [PMID: 37257227 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, vaccines have helped eradication of several infectious diseases and also saved millions of lives in the human history. Those prophylactic vaccines have acted through inducing immune responses against a live attenuated, killed organism or antigenic subunits to protect the recipient against a real infection caused by the pathogenic microorganism. Nevertheless, development of anticancer vaccines as valuable targets in human health has faced challenges and requires further optimizations. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen presenting cells (APCs) that play essential roles in tumor immunotherapies through induction of CD8+ T cell immunity. Accordingly, various strategies have been tested to employ DCs as therapeutic vaccines for exploiting their activity against tumor cells. Application of whole tumor cells or purified/recombinant antigen peptides are the most common approaches for pulsing DCs, which then are injected back into the patients. Although some hopeful results are reported for a number of DC vaccines tested in animal and clinical trials of cancer patients, such approaches are still inefficient and require optimization. Failure of DC vaccination is postulated due to immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), overexpression of checkpoint proteins, suboptimal avidity of tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-specific T lymphocytes, and lack of appropriate adjuvants. In this review, we have an overview of the current experiments and trials evaluated the anticancer efficacy of DC vaccination as well as focusing on strategies to improve their potential including combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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19
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Sooreshjani M, Tripathi S, Dussold C, Najem H, de Groot J, Lukas RV, Heimberger AB. The Use of Targeted Cytokines as Cancer Therapeutics in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3739. [PMID: 37509400 PMCID: PMC10378451 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines play an important role in regulating the immune response. Although there is great interest in exploiting cytokines for cancer immunotherapy, their clinical potential is limited by their pleiotropic properties and instability. A variety of cancer cell-intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics pose a barrier to effective treatments including cytokines. Recent studies using gene and cell therapy offer new opportunities for targeting cytokines or their receptors, demonstrating that they are actionable targets. Current efforts such as virotherapy, systemic cytokine therapy, and cellular and gene therapy have provided novel strategies that incorporate cytokines as potential therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma. Ongoing research on characterizing the tumor microenvironment will be informative for prioritization and combinatorial strategies of cytokines for future clinical trials. Unique therapeutic opportunities exist at the convergence of cytokines that play a dual role in tumorigenesis and immune modulation. Here, we discuss the underlying strategies in pre- and clinical trials aiming to enhance treatment outcomes in glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moloud Sooreshjani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shashwat Tripathi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Corey Dussold
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hinda Najem
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John de Groot
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Rimas V. Lukas
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Amy B. Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Biomedical Research Center, 303 E. Superior Street, 6-516, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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20
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Chang R, Gulley JL, Fong L. Vaccinating against cancer: getting to prime time. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006628. [PMID: 37286302 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, cellular therapies, and T-cell engagers, have fundamentally changed our approach to treating cancer. However, successes with cancer vaccines have been more difficult to realize. While vaccines against specific viruses have been widely adopted to prevent the development of cancer, only two vaccines can improve survival in advanced disease: sipuleucel-T and talimogene laherparepvec. These represent the two approaches that have the most traction: vaccinating against cognate antigen and priming responses using tumors in situ. Here, we review the challenges and opportunities researchers face in developing therapeutic vaccines for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Chang
- Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James L Gulley
- NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lawrence Fong
- Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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21
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Hecht JR, Mitchell J, Morelli MP, Anandappa G, Yang JC. Next-Generation Approaches to Immuno-Oncology in GI Cancers. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2023; 43:e389072. [PMID: 37290032 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_389072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has only had a modest impact on the treatment of advanced GI malignancies. Microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer and pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the most common GI tumors, have not benefited from treatment with standard immune checkpoint inhibitors. With this huge unmet need, multiple approaches are being tried to overcome barriers to better anticancer outcomes. This article reviews a number of novel approaches to immunotherapy for these tumors. These include the use of novel checkpoint inhibitors such as a modified anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 antibody and antibodies to lymphocyte-activation gene 3, T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domains, T-cell immunoglobulin-3, CD47, and combinations with signal transduction inhibitors. We will discuss other trials that aim to elicit an antitumor T-cell response using cancer vaccines and oncolytic viruses. Finally, we review attempts to replicate in GI cancers the frequent and durable responses seen in hematologic malignancies with immune cell therapies.
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22
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Yu Y, Ollodart J, Contino KF, Shiozawa Y. Immunotherapy as a potential treatment approach for currently incurable bone metastasis. J Bone Miner Metab 2023; 41:371-379. [PMID: 36752903 PMCID: PMC10251738 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-023-01404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Once cancer metastasizes to the bone, the prognosis of cancer patients becomes extremely poor. Unfortunately, the current most successful treatment for bone metastasis can extend their survival by only a few months. Although recent studies have revealed promising impacts of cancer immunotherapies, their treatment efficacy on bone metastatic diseases remains controversial. Therefore, in this review, we discussed (i) preclinical and clinical evidence of the immunotherapeutic strategies for cancer bone metastasis, mainly focusing on cell-based immunotherapy, cytokine-based immunotherapy, and immune checkpoint blockade, and (ii) current shortcomings of immunotherapy for bone metastasis and their potential future directions. Although the evidence on treatment efficacy and safety, as well as long-term effects, is limited, immunotherapies could induce partial or complete remissions in a few cancer patients with bone metastasis. However, there are still hurdles, such as the immunosuppressive nature of the bone marrow microenvironment and poor distribution of cell-based immunotherapies to bone, that need to be overcome to enhance the treatment efficacy of immunotherapies on bone metastasis. While it is apparent that further investigation is needed regarding immunotherapeutic treatment efficacy in patients with bone metastasis, this therapy may prove to be clinically novel in this subset of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Center Blvd, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1082, USA
| | - Jenna Ollodart
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Center Blvd, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1082, USA
| | - Kelly F Contino
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Center Blvd, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1082, USA
| | - Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Center Blvd, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1082, USA.
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23
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Yanagisawa T, Kawada T, Rajwa P, Kimura T, Shariat SF. Emerging systemic treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a review of recent randomized controlled trials. Curr Opin Urol 2023; 33:219-229. [PMID: 36692012 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000001080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The landscape of therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has seen an unprecedented transformation with the emergence of combination therapies. This review summarizes the current findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the oncologic outcomes of mCRPC. RECENT FINDINGS In the first-line, treatment-naïve setting, recent RCTs demonstrated the oncologic benefit of adding AKT inhibitors or poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors to abiraterone in terms of radiographical progression-free survival. Although this is a strong surrogate endpoint, these agents have not yet shown overall survival (OS) improvement. In the second- or later-line settings, olaparib improved OS in patients with at least one alteration in BRCA1 , BRCA2 , or ATM gene and lutetium-177-prostate-specific membrane antigen-617 [177-Lu-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-617] were superior to repeat androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) therapy. In addition, 177-Lu-PSMA-617 had better progression-free survival compared with cabazitaxel but failed to result in an OS benefit. To date, there is no evidence for effective immune checkpoint inhibitor regimens/combinations for mCRPC. SUMMARY According to recent RCTs, several novel agents and/or combinations exhibit promising oncologic outcomes. In the first-line setting, OS benefits compared with currently available regimens are still missing. Results from ongoing/well-designed phase 3 RCTs and real-world data regarding the sequential impact of currently available agents on outcomes of mCRPC patients after ARSI-based combination therapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer are awaited. Such data will improve clinical decision-making in the ever-intensifying treatment era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Yanagisawa
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo
| | - Tatsushi Kawada
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Pawel Rajwa
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Takahiro Kimura
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Gates TJ, Wangmo D, Zhao X, Subramanian S. Allogeneic Tumor Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Stimulate CD8 T Cell Response in Colorectal Cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.17.537250. [PMID: 37131597 PMCID: PMC10153182 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.17.537250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Most CRC patients present with a microsatellite stable (MSS) phenotype and are highly resistant to immunotherapies. Tumor extracellular vesicles (TEVs), secreted by tumor cells, can contribute to intrinsic resistance to immunotherapy in CRC. We previously showed that autologous TEVs without functional miR-424 induce anti-tumor immune responses. We hypothesized that allogeneic modified CRC-TEVs without miR-424 (mouse homolog miR-322) derived from an MC38 background would effectively stimulate CD8+ T cell response and limit CT26 tumor growth. Here we show that prophylactic administration of MC38 TEVs without functional miR-424 significantly increased CD8+ T cells in CT26 CRC tumors and limited tumor growth, not B16-F10 melanoma tumors. We further show that the depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells abolished the protective effects of MC38 TEVs without functional miR-424. We further show that TEVs can be taken up by DCs in vitro, and subsequent prophylactic administration of autologous DCs exposed to MC38 TEVs without functional miR-424 suppressed tumor growth and increased CD8+ T cells compared to MC38 wild-type TEVs exposed to DCs, in Balb/c mice bearing CT26 tumors. Notably, the modified EVs were well tolerated and did not increase cytokine expression in peripheral blood. These findings suggest that allogeneic-modified CRC-EVs without immune suppressive miR-424 can induce antitumor CD8+ T cell responses and limit tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J Gates
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Dechen Wangmo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Xianda Zhao
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Subbaya Subramanian
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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25
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Nanomedicine for Combination Urologic Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020546. [PMID: 36839868 PMCID: PMC9960671 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Urologic cancers, particularly kidney, bladder, and prostate cancer, have a growing incidence and account for about a million annual deaths worldwide. Treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, and immunotherapy are the main therapeutic options in urologic cancers. Immunotherapy is now a clinical reality with marked success in solid tumors. Immunological checkpoint blockade, non-specific activation of the immune system, adoptive cell therapy, and tumor vaccine are the main modalities of immunotherapy. Immunotherapy has long been used to treat urologic cancers; however, dose-limiting toxicities and low response rates remain major challenges in the clinic. Herein, nanomaterial-based platforms are utilized as the "savior". The combination of nanotechnology with immunotherapy can achieve precision medicine, enhance efficacy, and reduce toxicities. In this review, we highlight the principles of cancer immunotherapy in urology. Meanwhile, we summarize the nano-immune technology and platforms currently used for urologic cancer treatment. The ultimate goal is to help in the rational design of strategies for nanomedicine-based immunotherapy in urologic cancer.
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26
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Bari E, Ferrera F, Altosole T, Perteghella S, Mauri P, Rossi R, Passignani G, Mastracci L, Galati M, Astone GI, Mastrogiacomo M, Castagnola P, Fenoglio D, Di Silvestre D, Torre ML, Filaci G. Trojan-horse silk fibroin nanocarriers loaded with a re-call antigen to redirect immunity against cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-005916. [PMID: 36697251 PMCID: PMC9950976 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current challenge for immunotherapies is to generate effective antitumor immunity. Since tumor immune escape mechanisms do not impact pre-existing and consolidated immune responses, we tested the hypothesis of redirecting a pregenerated immunity to cancer: to recall a non-tumor antigen response against the tumor, silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNs) have been selected as 'Trojan-horse' carriers, promoting the antigen uptake by the tumor cells. METHODS SFNs have been loaded with either ovalbumin (OVA) or CpG oligonucleotide (CpG) as antigen or adjuvant, respectively. In vitro uptake of SFNs by tumor (B16/F10 melanoma and MB49 bladder cancer) or dendritic cells, as well as the presence of OVA-specific T cells in splenic and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, were assessed by cytometric analyses. Proof-of-concept of in vivo efficacy was achieved in an OVA-hyperimmune B16/F10 murine melanoma model: SFNs-OVA or SFNs-CpG were injected, separately or in association, into the subcutaneous peritumoral area. Cancer dimensions/survival time were monitored, while, at the molecular level, system biology approaches based on graph theory and experimental proteomic data were performed. RESULTS SFNs were efficiently in vitro uptaken by cancer and dendritic cells. In vivo peritumor administration of SFNs-OVA redirected OVA-specific cytotoxic T cells intratumorally. Proteomics and systems biology showed that peritumoral treatment with either SFNs-OVA or SFNs-CpG dramatically modified tumor microenvironment with respect to the control (CTR), mainly involving functional modules and hubs related to angiogenesis, inflammatory mediators, immune function, T complex and serpins expression, redox homeostasis, and energetic metabolism. Both SFNs-OVA and SFNs-CpG significantly delayed melanoma growth/survival time, and their effect was additive. CONCLUSIONS Both SFNs-OVA and SFNs-CpG induce effective anticancer response through complementary mechanisms and show the efficacy of an innovative active immunotherapy approach based on the redirection of pre-existing immunity against cancer cells. This approach could be universally applied for solid cancer treatments if translated into the clinic using re-call antigens of childhood vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Piemonte, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferrera
- Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Liguria, Italy
| | - Tiziana Altosole
- Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Liguria, Italy
| | - Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy,PharmaExceed S.r.l, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, ITB CNR, Segrate, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Rossana Rossi
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, ITB CNR, Segrate, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Giulia Passignani
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, ITB CNR, Segrate, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Luca Mastracci
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Liguria, Italy,Department of Surgical and Integrated Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genova, Liguria, Italy
| | - Martina Galati
- Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Liguria, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Iliana Astone
- Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Liguria, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mastrogiacomo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Liguria, Italy
| | - Patrizio Castagnola
- Biotherapy Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Liguria, Italy
| | - Daniela Fenoglio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Liguria, Italy,Biotherapy Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Liguria, Italy
| | - Dario Di Silvestre
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, ITB CNR, Segrate, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Piemonte, Italy,PharmaExceed S.r.l, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Gilberto Filaci
- Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Liguria, Italy .,Biotherapy Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Liguria, Italy
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27
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates the myeloid-derived immune suppression associated with cancer and infectious disease. J Transl Med 2023; 21:1. [PMID: 36593497 PMCID: PMC9809056 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which are immature heterogeneous bone marrow cells, have been described as potent immune regulators in human and murine cancer models. The distribution of MDSCs varies across organs and is divided into three subpopulations: granulocytic MDSCs or polymorphonuclear MDSCs (G-MDSCs or PMN-MDSCs), monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs), as well as a recently identified early precursor MDSC (eMDSCs) in humans. Activated MDSCs induce the inactivation of NK cells, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells through a variety of mechanisms, thus promoting the formation of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. ER stress plays an important protecting role in the survival of MDSC, which aggravates the immunosuppression in tumors. In addition, ferroptosis can promote an anti-tumor immune response by reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment. This review summarizes immune suppression by MDSCs with a focus on the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated immune suppression in cancer and infectious disease, in particular leprosy and tuberculosis.
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28
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Liang H, Liu Y, Guo J, Dou M, Zhang X, Hu L, Chen J. Progression in immunotherapy for advanced prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1126752. [PMID: 36925917 PMCID: PMC10011447 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1126752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers of the male genitourinary system and has high morbidity and mortality. Currently, treatment modalities for localized prostate cancer focus mainly on radical prostatectomy or radical radiation therapy. Some patients still experience disease recurrence or progression after these treatments, while others are already at an advanced stage or have metastases at the time of diagnosis. With the continuous development and progress of medicine in recent years, immunotherapy has become a revolutionary cancer treatment, and has achieved remarkable accomplishments in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. A variety of immunotherapies have also appeared in the field of advanced prostate cancer treatment, including therapeutic vaccines and immune checkpoint therapies. Despite the discrepancy between the results of some immunotherapy studies, immunotherapy for prostate cancer has shown some initial success, especially in combination immunotherapies. Currently, immunotherapy is mainly used in advanced prostate cancer, especially in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, with the development of more clinical trials of immunotherapy, more evidence will be provided supporting the rational application of immunotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Urology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Maoyang Dou
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liyong Hu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Urology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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29
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McCarthy PM, Valdera FA, Smolinsky TR, Adams AM, O’Shea AE, Thomas KK, Van Decar S, Carpenter EL, Tiwari A, Myers JW, Hale DF, Vreeland TJ, Peoples GE, Stojadinovic A, Clifton GT. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes as an endpoint in cancer vaccine trials. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1090533. [PMID: 36960052 PMCID: PMC10029975 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1090533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors have invigorated cancer immunotherapy research, including cancer vaccination. Classic early phase trial design and endpoints used in developing chemotherapy are not suited for evaluating all forms of cancer treatment. Peripheral T cell response dynamics have demonstrated inconsistency in assessing the efficacy of cancer vaccination. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), reflect the local tumor microenvironment and may prove a superior endpoint in cancer vaccination trials. Cancer vaccines may also promote success in combination immunotherapy treatment of weakly immunogenic tumors. This review explores the impact of TILs as an endpoint for cancer vaccination in multiple malignancies, summarizes the current literature regarding TILs analysis, and discusses the challenges of providing validity and a standardized implementation of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. McCarthy
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Franklin A. Valdera
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Todd R. Smolinsky
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Todd R. Smolinsky, ; Elizabeth L. Carpenter,
| | - Alexandra M. Adams
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anne E. O’Shea
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Katryna K. Thomas
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Spencer Van Decar
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth L. Carpenter
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Todd R. Smolinsky, ; Elizabeth L. Carpenter,
| | - Ankur Tiwari
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - John W. Myers
- Department of Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, Ft. Lewis, WA, United States
| | - Diane F. Hale
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Timothy J. Vreeland
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Guy T. Clifton
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, United States
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30
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Marriott M, Post B, Chablani L. A comparison of cancer vaccine adjuvants in clinical trials. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 34:100667. [PMID: 36516613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer treatment has come a long way in increasing overall survival; however, evasion of the immune system continues to be a challenge in treating individuals with established disease burdens. Due to the difficulty in stimulating an immune response against cancer, approaches utilizing combination adjuvants with different mechanisms may be beneficial. A combination of these adjuvants with other adjuvants or other treatments has demonstrated synergistic effects in the form of a robust and sustained immune response, demonstrating the importance of further development. This review discusses the intricacies of immune evasion, applications of adjuvants with different mechanisms of action, and adjuvants used for cancer immunotherapy in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Marriott
- Wegmans School of Pharmacy, St. John Fisher University, 3690 East Ave, Rochester, NY, 14618, USA
| | - Brittany Post
- Wegmans School of Pharmacy, St. John Fisher University, 3690 East Ave, Rochester, NY, 14618, USA
| | - Lipika Chablani
- Wegmans School of Pharmacy, St. John Fisher University, 3690 East Ave, Rochester, NY, 14618, USA.
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31
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Kerr CP, Grudzinski JJ, Nguyen TP, Hernandez R, Weichert JP, Morris ZS. Developments in Combining Targeted Radionuclide Therapies and Immunotherapies for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:128. [PMID: 36678756 PMCID: PMC9865370 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) and immunotherapy are rapidly growing classes of cancer treatments. Basic, translational, and clinical research are now investigating therapeutic combinations of these agents. In comparison to external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), TRT has the unique advantage of treating all disease sites following intravenous injection and selective tumor uptake and retention-a particularly beneficial property in metastatic disease settings. The therapeutic value of combining radiation therapy with immune checkpoint blockade to treat metastases has been demonstrated in preclinical studies, whereas results of clinical studies have been mixed. Several clinical trials combining TRT and immune checkpoint blockade have been initiated based on preclinical studies combining these with EBRT and/or TRT. Despite the interest in translation of TRT and immunotherapy combinations, many questions remain surrounding the mechanisms of interaction and the optimal approach to clinical implementation of these combinations. This review highlights the mechanisms of interaction between anti-tumor immunity and radiation therapy and the status of basic and translational research and clinical trials investigating combinations of TRT and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline P. Kerr
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Joseph J. Grudzinski
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Thanh Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Reinier Hernandez
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jamey P. Weichert
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Zachary S. Morris
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Horita N. Tumor Response, Disease Control, and Progression-Free Survival as Surrogate Endpoints in Trials Evaluating Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Study- and Patient-Level Analyses. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010185. [PMID: 36612179 PMCID: PMC9818635 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To assess the usefulness of tumor response and progression-free survival (PFS) as surrogates for overall survival (OS) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) trials with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), which have not been confirmed. Methods: Patient- and trial-level analyses were performed. The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors was preferred for image assessment. For trial-level analysis, surrogacy was assessed using the weighted rank correlation coefficient (r) following "reciprocal duplication." This method duplicates all plots as if the experimental and the reference arms were switched. Monte Carlo simulations were performed for evaluating this method. Results: A total of 3312 cases were included in the patient-level analysis. Patients without response (first line (1L): hazard ratio (HR) 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.71-2.23; second or later line (2L-): HR 4.22, 95% CI 3.22-5.53), without disease control (1L: HR 4.34, 95% CI 3.82-4.94; 2L-: HR 3.36, 95% CI 2.96-3.81), or with progression during the first year (1L: HR 3.42, 95% CI 2.60-4.50; 2L-: HR 3.33, 95% CI 2.64-4.20), had a higher risk of death. Systematic searches identified 38 RCTs including 17,515 patients for the study-level analysis. Odds ratio in the objective response rate (N = 38 × 2, r = -0.87) and HR in PFS (N = 38 × 2, r = 0.85) showed an excellent association with HR in overall survival, while this effect was not observed in the disease control rate (N = 26 × 2, r = -0.03). Conclusions: Objective response rate and PFS are reasonable surrogates for OS in NSCLC trials with ICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Horita
- Chemotherapy Center, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama 232-0024, Japan
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Poirier A, Tremblay ML. Pharmacological potentiation of monocyte-derived dendritic cell cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 72:1343-1353. [DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03333-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhong W, Shen Z, Wu Y, Mao X, Kong J, Wu W. Knowledge mapping and current trends of immunotherapy for prostate cancer: A bibliometric study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1014981. [PMID: 36389756 PMCID: PMC9647028 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1014981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common malignancy in men worldwide. Growing evidence substantiates the important role of immunotherapy in human tumors. Given that immunotherapy is often unsatisfactory on PCa, many studies have been conducted on PCa immunotherapy to improve treatment efficacy. However, no relevant bibliometric study of PCa immunotherapy has hitherto been reported. A bibliometric analysis was performed to evaluate the global scientific production of PCa immunotherapy research and characterize the development trends for future studies in this article. METHODS The publications related to PCa immunotherapy were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection. The contribution and co-occurrence relationships of countries/regions, institutions, journals, references, authors, and keywords were assessed and visualized by VOSviewer and CiteSpace to identify research hotspots and potential future trends. RESULTS A total of 3,583 publications related to PCa immunotherapy from 1999 to 2021 were collected. The results of annual publications and citations exhibited a steady increase over the past 22 years. The National Cancer Institute in the USA published far more papers during the study than any institute. Accordingly, the USA had the most publications (n = 1,954, 54.54%). Gulley, James L. had the most number of published papers, and Small, Eric J. was the most co-cited authors in this field. Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy was the most productive journal, with 145 publications on PCa immunotherapy. Keyword cluster and keyword burst analyses showed that research in PCa immunotherapy shifted from "t cell infiltration" and "sipuleucel t" to "immune checkpoint inhibitor", "CTLA-4", and "PD-L1 expression". CONCLUSION PCa immunotherapy has attracted much attention, reflected by the increasing number of annual publications and citations. Much emphasis has been placed on exploring the complex immunogenicity and tumor microenvironment for PCa and identifying the patient population who can benefit from immunotherapy. Combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with other therapeutic options and cancer vaccines represents the future development trends in PCa immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Zhong
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zefeng Shen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongxin Wu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangming Mao
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianqiu Kong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixia Wu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Mestrallet G, Sone K, Bhardwaj N. Strategies to overcome DC dysregulation in the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:980709. [PMID: 36275666 PMCID: PMC9583271 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.980709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role to modulate anti-cancer immunity in the tumor microenvironment (TME). They link innate to adaptive immunity by processing and presenting tumor antigens to T cells thereby initiating an anti-tumor response. However, subsets of DCs also induce immune-tolerance, leading to tumor immune escape. In this regard, the TME plays a major role in adversely affecting DC function. Better understanding of DC impairment mechanisms in the TME will lead to more efficient DC-targeting immunotherapy. Here, we review the different subtypes and functions of DCs in the TME, including conventional DCs, plasmacytoid DC and the newly proposed subset, mregDC. We further focus on how cancer cells modulate DCs to escape from the host’s immune-surveillance. Immune checkpoint expression, small molecule mediators, metabolites, deprivation of pro-immunogenic and release of pro-tumorigenic cytokine secretion by tumors and tumor-attracted immuno-suppressive cells inhibit DC differentiation and function. Finally, we discuss the impact of established therapies on DCs, such as immune checkpoint blockade. Creative DC-targeted therapeutic strategies will be highlighted, including cancer vaccines and cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mestrallet
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hess Center for Science & Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kazuki Sone
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hess Center for Science & Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hess Center for Science & Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Extramural Member, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Nina Bhardwaj,
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Zhang A, Tong D. Immunotherapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of data from 7 phase III studies and 3 phase II studies. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:63. [PMID: 36163285 PMCID: PMC9511714 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapies have emerged as potential treatments for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, it is still unclear to identify the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in large-scale samples. We performed a meta-analysis of 7 phase III randomized trials and 3 phase II trials comparing immunotherapy to placebo in mCRPC. Methods Searching the PubMed, ClinicalTrials and Cochrane Library, completed III/IV phase trials were identified. Data extraction was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. The measured outcomes were OS, PFS, ORR and AE. Based on the results of phase III randomized trials, 3 II phase trials with results were identified. Results A total of 4185 patients were available for evaluation of OS, and 3320 for PFS. Compared to placebo, immunotherapies were not able to improve OS (HR = 0.90; 95%CI 0.79–1.03; p = 0.13). However, immunotherapies, especially ICBs were able to decrease the risk of progression over placebo by 18% (HR = 0.82; 95%CI 0.68–1.00; p = 0.04). Significant ORR improvement was found in patients treated in ICBs (RR = 1.90; 95%CI 1.30–2.78; p < 0.001). Immunotherapies (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.40–2.56; OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 0.72–2.25) were not associated with significant any grade TRAEs and 3–4 grade TRAEs. However, in subgroup analysis, ICBs (OR = 2.85, 95% CI = 2.27–3.57) and vaccines (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.64–0.53) were associated with significant 3–4 grade TRAEs respectively. Moreover, ICBs alone induced positive PSA response [OR = 2.43(1.09–5.43), P = 0.03(I2 = 0%, P = 0.83)] and was effective in advanced PC even without classical therapies based on three phase II clinical trials about ICBs. Conclusions Immunotherapies are not able to improve OS, but significantly improve PFS and ORR especially in ICBs treatment. Immunotherapies were not associated with significant TRAEs. However, in subgroup analysis, ICBs and vaccines were associated with significant 3–4 grade TRAEs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40164-022-00312-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Wound Trauma Medical Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dali Tong
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Marchioni M, Marandino L, Amparore D, Berardinelli F, Matteo F, Campi R, Schips L, Mascitti M. Factors influencing survival in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer therapy. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:1061-1079. [PMID: 35982645 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2114458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The number of patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is expecting to increase due to the long-life expectancy of those with advanced disease who are also more commonly diagnosed today because of stage migration. Several compounds are available for treating these patients. AREAS COVERED We reviewed currently available treatments for mCRPC, their mechanism of action and resistance and we explored possible predictors of treatment success useful to predict survival in mCRPC patients. EXPERT OPINION A combination of molecular, clinical, pathological, and imaging features is necessary to correctly estimate patients' risk of death. The combination of these biomarkers may allow clinicians to tailor treatments based on cancer history and patients' features. The search of predictive biomarkers remains an unmet medical need for most patients with mCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Marchioni
- Unit of Urology, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, SS. Annunziata Hospital, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Marandino
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Amparore
- Department of Urology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Berardinelli
- Unit of Urology, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, SS. Annunziata Hospital, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ferro Matteo
- Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Campi
- Unit of Urological Robotic Surgery and Renal Transplantation, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Luigi Schips
- Unit of Urology, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, SS. Annunziata Hospital, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Mascitti
- Unit of Urology, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, SS. Annunziata Hospital, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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Chandran E, Meininger L, Karzai F, Madan RA. Signaling new therapeutic opportunities: cytokines in prostate cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:1233-1243. [PMID: 35930001 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2108701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite FDA approval of sipuleucel-T in 2010, endeavors to use immune checkpoint inhibitors in unselected prostate cancer patients have not improved clinical outcomes. These efforts include studies with anti-PD1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 alone and in combination with existing standards of care. These strategies are generally T-cell centric and disregard the broader complex and pleiotropic components of the prostate cancer tumor microenvironment such as natural killer cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor associated macrophages. AREAS COVERED We performed an online literature search and undertook a review of existing pre-clinical and clinical literature for cytokine-based therapy relating to prostate cancer, specifically on interleukin (IL)-2, IL-15, IL-12, IL-23, IL-8 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. EXPERT OPINION Cytokine-based therapies present an alternative immune strategy to target the pleiotropic prostate cancer tumor microenvironment beyond T-cells. Future immunotherapy strategies in prostate cancer should address these immune cell populations which may play more important roles in the prostate cancer tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Chandran
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luke Meininger
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fatima Karzai
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ravi A Madan
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Application of mRNA Technology in Cancer Therapeutics. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081262. [PMID: 36016150 PMCID: PMC9415393 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
mRNA-based therapeutics pose as promising treatment strategies for cancer immunotherapy. Improvements in materials and technology of delivery systems have helped to overcome major obstacles in generating a sufficient immune response required to fight a specific type of cancer. Several in vivo models and early clinical studies have suggested that various mRNA treatment platforms can induce cancer-specific cytolytic activity, leading to numerous clinical trials to determine the optimal method of combinations and sequencing with already established agents in cancer treatment. Nevertheless, further research is required to optimize RNA stabilization, delivery platforms, and improve clinical efficacy by interacting with the tumor microenvironment to induce a long-term antitumor response. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the available evidence on the recent advances and efforts to overcome existing challenges of mRNA-based treatment strategies, and how these efforts play key roles in offering perceptive insights into future considerations for clinical application.
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Zhang Z, Li D, Yun H, Liu W, Chai K, Tong J, Zeng T, Gao Z, Xie Y. CAR-T Cells in the Treatment of Urologic Neoplasms: Present and Future. Front Oncol 2022; 12:915171. [PMID: 35860578 PMCID: PMC9292130 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.915171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with the breakthrough of CAR-T cells in the treatment of hematological tumors, they are increasingly being used to treat solid tumors, including urologic neoplasms. There are many relatively specific targets for urologic neoplasms, especially prostate cancer. Besides, urologic neoplasms tend to progress more slowly than tumors in other organs of the body, providing ample time for CAR-T cell application. Therefore, CAR-T cells technology has inherent advantages in urologic neoplasms. CAR-T cells in the treatment of urologic neoplasms have been extensively studied and preliminary achievements have been made. However, no breakthrough has been made due to the problems of targeting extra-tumor cytotoxicity and poor anti-tumor activity. we systematacially summarized the research actuality of CAR-T cells in urologic neoplasms, discussed the potential value and difficulties of the research. The application of CAR-T cells in the treatment of urologic neoplasms requires improvement of function through screening for better targets, modification of CAR structures, or in combination with other antitumor approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baiyin, China
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baiyin, China
| | - Heng Yun
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baiyin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baiyin, China
| | - Keqiang Chai
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baiyin, China
| | - Jie Tong
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baiyin, China
| | - Tongwei Zeng
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baiyin, China
| | - Zhenghua Gao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baiyin, China
- *Correspondence: Yongqiang Xie, ; Zhenghua Gao,
| | - Yongqiang Xie
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baiyin, China
- *Correspondence: Yongqiang Xie, ; Zhenghua Gao,
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Zhao L, Zhang S, Kepp O, Kroemer G, Liu P. Dendritic cell transfer for cancer immunotherapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 370:33-64. [PMID: 35798506 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a major role in cancer immunosurveillance as they bridge innate and adaptive immunity by detecting tumor-associated antigens and presenting them to T lymphocytes. The adoptive transfer of antigen loaded DCs has been proposed as an immunotherapeutic approach for the treatment of various types of cancer. Nevertheless, despite promising preclinical data, the therapeutic efficacy of DC transfer is still deceptive in cancer patients. Here we summarize recent findings in DC biology with a special focus on the development of actionable therapeutic strategies and discuss experimental and clinical approaches that aim at improving the efficacy of DC-based immunotherapies, including, but not limited to, optimized DC production and antigen loading, stimulated maturation, the co-treatment with additional immunotherapies, as well as the inhibition of DC checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhao
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France; Institut du Cancer Paris Carpem, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France.
| | - Peng Liu
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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Phase II Trial of Sipuleucel-T and Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiation for Patients with Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061419. [PMID: 35740441 PMCID: PMC9220346 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) We hypothesized that adding concurrent stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SAbR) would increase the time to progression in patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPCA) treated with sipuleucel-T. (2) Patients with a history of prostate cancer (PC), radiographic evidence of metastatic disease, and rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) > 0.2 ng/dL on castrate testosterone levels were enrolled in this single-arm phase II clinical trial and treated with sipuleucel-T and SAbR. The primary endpoint was time to progression (TTP). Cellular and humoral responses were measured using ELISpot and Luminex multiplex assays, respectively. (3) Twenty patients with mCRPC were enrolled and treated with SAbR to 1−3 sites. Treatment was well tolerated with 51, 8, and 4 treatment-related grade 1, 2, and 3 toxicities, respectively, and no grade 4 or 5 adverse events. At a median follow-up of 15.5 months, the median TTP was 11.2 weeks (95% CI; 6.8−14.0 weeks). Median OS was 76.8 weeks (95% CI; 41.6−130.8 weeks). This regimen induced both humoral and cellular immune responses. Baseline M-MDSC levels were elevated in mCRPC patients compared to healthy donors (p = 0.004) and a decline in M-MDSC was associated with biochemical response (p = 0.044). Responders had lower baseline uric acid levels (p = 0.05). No clear correlation with radiographic response was observed. (4) While the regimen was safe, the PC-antigen-specific immune response induced by SAbR did not yield a synergistic clinical benefit for patients treated with sipuleucel-T compared to the historically reported outcomes.
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Currivan E, Finlay D, Moreira D. Dendritic cells metabolism: a strategic path to improve antitumoral DC vaccination. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 208:193-201. [PMID: 35537194 PMCID: PMC9188343 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical role developed by dendritic cell (DC) in the orchestration of immune response explains its exploitation in different therapeutic approaches as potential vaccine tools. Various clinical trials dissect its role in different types of solid cancers. However, there is a lack of comprehension regarding the potential impact of DC metabolic pathways on the effectiveness of DC vaccine. In this review, we intend to dissect how metabolism could be a critical component of DC vaccine formulation, exploring opportunities to improve: (i) processing and cross-presentation of tumour antigens; (ii) DC migration, and (iii) DC immunogenic profile. Overall, we aim to open the discussion to explore new avenues/paths where DC metabolism might be considered a core component of antitumour DC vaccine with this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Currivan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - David Finlay
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, 2, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Diana Moreira
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, 2, Ireland
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Sentana-Lledo D, Sartor O, Balk SP, Einstein DJ. Immune mechanisms behind prostate cancer in men of African ancestry: A review. Prostate 2022; 82:883-893. [PMID: 35254710 PMCID: PMC9875381 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men of African ancestry (AA) with prostate cancer suffer from worse outcomes. However, a recent analysis of patients treated with the dendritic cell vaccine sipuleucel-T for prostate cancer suggested that AA patients could have improved outcomes relative to whites. METHODS We conducted a focused literature review of Medline-indexed articles and clinical trials listed on clinicaltrials.gov. RESULTS We identify several studies pointing to enrichment of inflammatory cellular infiltrates and cytokine signaling among AA patients with prostate cancer. We outline potential genomic and transcriptomic alterations that may contribute to immunogenicity. Last, we investigate differences in host immunity and vaccine responsiveness that may be enhanced in AA patients. CONCLUSIONS AA patients with prostate cancer may be enriched for an immunogenic phenotype. Dedicated studies are needed to better understand the immune mechanisms that contribute to existing cancer disparities and test immune-based therapies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sentana-Lledo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Oliver Sartor
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Steven P. Balk
- Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David J. Einstein
- Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Grimmett E, Al-Share B, Alkassab MB, Zhou RW, Desai A, Rahim MMA, Woldie I. Cancer vaccines: past, present and future; a review article. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:31. [PMID: 35576080 PMCID: PMC9108694 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy and vaccines have revolutionized disease treatment and prevention. Vaccines against infectious diseases have been in use for several decades. In contrast, only few cancer vaccines have been approved for human use. These include preventative vaccines against infectious agents associated with cancers, and therapeutic vaccines used as immunotherapy agents to treat cancers. Challenges in developing cancer vaccines include heterogeneity within and between cancer types, screening and identification of appropriate tumour-specific antigens, and the choice of vaccine delivery platforms. Recent advances in all of these areas and the lessons learnt from COVID-19 vaccines have significantly boosted interest in cancer vaccines. Further advances in these areas are expected to facilitate development of effective novel cancer vaccines. In this review, we aim to discuss the past, the present, and the future of cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Grimmett
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Ryan Weng Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Advait Desai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Mir Munir A Rahim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.
| | - Indryas Woldie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.
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López-Campos F, Gajate P, Romero-Laorden N, Zafra-Martín J, Juan M, Hernando Polo S, Conde Moreno A, Couñago F. Immunotherapy in Advanced Prostate Cancer: Current Knowledge and Future Directions. Biomedicines 2022; 10:537. [PMID: 35327339 PMCID: PMC8945350 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment. Unfortunately, this has not been the case for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), likely due to the heterogeneous and immune-suppressive microenvironment present in prostate cancer. The identification of molecular biomarkers that could predict response to immunotherapy represents one of the current challenges in this clinical scenario. The management of advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer is rapidly evolving and immunotherapy treatments, mostly consisting of immune checkpoint inhibitors combinations, BiTE® (bispecific T-cell engager) immune therapies, and chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) are in development with promising results. This review analyses the current evidence of immunotherapy treatments for mCRPC, evaluating past failures and promising approaches and discussing the directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando López-Campos
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28024 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Gajate
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28024 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Nuria Romero-Laorden
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan Zafra-Martín
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Manel Juan
- Servei d’Immunologia, CDB-Hospital Clínic, Plataforma de Inmunoterapia HSJD-Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Susana Hernando Polo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain;
| | - Antonio Conde Moreno
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Felipe Couñago
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital La Luz, 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
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Development of a Novel Immune Subtyping System Expanded with Immune Landscape and an 11-Gene Signature for Predicting Prostate Cancer Survival. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:1183173. [PMID: 35222640 PMCID: PMC8866019 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1183173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Nearly half of patients with prostate cancer will develop metastasis. Immunotherapy is currently a promising strategy for treating metastatic prostate cancer. This study aimed to construct an immune subtyping system and provide a more comprehensive understanding of tumor microenvironment. Methods Data were downloaded from TCGA database and cBioPortal database. Consensus clustering was used to identify immune subtypes. Immune features were scored by ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT. Efficacy of different subtypes in immunotherapy was predicted by TIDE tool. Immune landscape was delineated through “monocle.” Coexpressed gene modules were identified by weighted correlation network analysis. Univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO analysis were applied to construct a prognostic model. Results Four immune subtypes (IS1 to IS4) were identified. Prognosis, mutation patterns, expression of immune genes, immune biomarkers, immunohistochemical biomarkers, and prediction efficacy of immunotherapy were significantly different among four immune subtypes. Five coexpressed gene modules were identified and an 11-gene prognostic model was constructed based on the modules. Conclusions The study developed a novel immune subtyping system and an 11-gene prognostic model of prostate cancer, which could guide personalized treatment and immunotherapy for patients with prostate cancer.
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Rezaei M, Danilova ND, Soltani M, Savvateeva LV, V Tarasov V, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M, V Bazhinf A, A Zamyatnin A. Cancer Vaccine in Cold Tumors: Clinical Landscape, Challenges, and Opportunities. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:437-453. [PMID: 35156572 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220214103533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The idea of cancer immunotherapy is to stimulate the immune system to fight tumors without destroying normal cells. One of the anticancer therapy methods, among many, is based on the use of cancer vaccines that contain tumor antigens in order to induce immune responses against tumors. However, clinical trials have shown that the use of such vaccines as a monotherapy is ineffective in many cases, since they do not cause a strong immune response. Particular tumors are resistant to immunotherapy due to the absence or insufficient infiltration of tumors with CD8+ T cells, and hence, they are called cold or non-inflamed tumors. Cold tumors are characterized by a lack of CD8+ T cell infiltration, the presence of anti-inflammatory myeloid cells, tumor-associated M2 macrophages, and regulatory T cells. It is very important to understand which stage of the antitumor response does not work properly in order to use the right strategy for the treatment of patients. Applying other therapeutic methods alongside cancer vaccines can be more rational for cold tumors which do not provoke the immune system strongly. Herein, we indicate some combinational therapies that have been used or are in progress for cold tumor treatment alongside vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mozhdeh Soltani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Lyudmila V Savvateeva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim V Tarasov
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mazdak Ganjalikhani-Hakemi
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alexandr V Bazhinf
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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Immunotherapeutic Approaches for Glioblastoma Treatment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020427. [PMID: 35203636 PMCID: PMC8962267 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma remains a challenging disease to treat, despite well-established standard-of-care treatments, with a median survival consistently of less than 2 years. In this review, we delineate the unique disease-specific challenges for immunotherapies, both brain-related and non-brain-related, which will need to be adequately overcome for the development of effective treatments. We also review current immunotherapy treatments, with a focus on clinical applications, and propose future directions for the field of GBM immunotherapy.
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