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Janković ÐD, Šestić TL, Bekić SS, Savić MP, Ćelić AS, Scholda J, Kopp F, Marinović MA, Petri ET, Ajduković JJ. Development of new steroid-based hydrazide and (thio)semicarbazone compounds with anticancer properties. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 242:106545. [PMID: 38762058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Most breast and prostate cancers are caused by abnormal production or action of steroidal hormones. Hormonal drugs based on steroid scaffolds represent a significant class of chemotherapeutics that are routinely used in chemotherapy. In this study, the synthesis of new 17a-homo lactone and 17α-(pyridine-2-ylmethyl) androstane derivatives with hydrazide and semicarbazone motifs is presented. All compounds were screened for their effect on cell viability against a panel of five cancer cell lines and one healthy cell line. Two compounds showed significant cytotoxicity against cancer cells, with low toxicity against healthy cells. The relative binding affinities of compounds for the ligand-binding domains of estrogen receptor α, estrogen receptor β, androgen receptor and glucocorticoid receptor were tested using a fluorescence screen in yeast. Potential for inhibition of aldo-keto reductase 1C3 and 1C4 activity was measured in vitro. Experimental results are analyzed in the context of molecular docking simulations. Our results could help guide design of steroid compounds with improved anticancer properties against androgen- and estrogen-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ðorđe D Janković
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Tijana Lj Šestić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Sofija S Bekić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Marina P Savić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia.
| | - Andjelka S Ćelić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Julia Scholda
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacy Group, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Florian Kopp
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacy Group, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Maja A Marinović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Edward T Petri
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Jovana J Ajduković
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
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2
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Chen C, Tseng J, Amersi F, Silberman AW. Second primary malignancies in women with breast cancer. J Surg Oncol 2024. [PMID: 39031014 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased screening and treatment advancements have resulted in improved survival rates in women with breast cancer (BC). However, recent data suggests these women have elevated risk of developing a second primary malignancy (SPM) compared to the general population. Limited data exists on factors associated with BC patients developing a SPM. METHOD A retrospective review of a prospective single institution database (1990-2016) identified 782 patients with a history of BC. One hundred and ninety-four BC patients developed a SPM. Clinicopathologic and treatment characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS Of the 194 patients (24.8%) who developed a SPM, 56 (28.9%) BC patients were <50 years old (range: 24-87 years). Two-thirds (64.9%) had at least one first or second degree relative with a malignancy (no relatives-35.1%; ≥1 relative-62.9%). Most patients had invasive ductal carcinoma (n = 117, 60.3%) or ductal carcinoma in situ (n = 39, 20.1%). Twenty-two patients (11.3%) had pathogenic genetic mutations. Mean time to developing a SPM was 8.9 years (range: 4 months-50 years). Eighty (47.6%) patients received chemotherapy with 91 (54.5%) completing radiation. The most common SPMs were breast (22%), melanoma (17.8%), gynecologic (14.1%), colorectal (12.6%), hematologic (8.9%), and sarcoma (6.5%). Most breast tumors were estrogen receptor (ER) (n = 99, 78.0%) or progesterone receptor (PR) positive (n = 87, 73.1%) but not HER2-neu positive (n = 13, 14.0%). CONCLUSION Most BC patients who developed a SPM had ER/PR positive tumors and a family history of malignancy, with most <50 years old. Although chemotherapy and radiation increase cancer risk, there were an equal number of patients with SPMs who did or did not receive either treatment. Most SPMs were breast, soft tissue, gynecologic, hematologic, or colorectal. BC patients should be followed closely given an elevated propensity for developing SPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Chen
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Surgical Oncology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Tseng
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Surgical Oncology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Farin Amersi
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Surgical Oncology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Allan W Silberman
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Surgical Oncology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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3
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Focaccetti C, Nardozi D, Benvenuto M, Lucarini V, Angiolini V, Carrano R, Scimeca M, Servadei F, Mauriello A, Mancini P, Besharat ZM, Milella M, Migliaccio S, Ferretti E, Cifaldi L, Masuelli L, Palumbo C, Bei R. Bisphenol-A in Drinking Water Accelerates Mammary Cancerogenesis and Favors an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in BALB- neuT Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6259. [PMID: 38892447 PMCID: PMC11172679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA), a synthetic compound ubiquitously present in the environment, can act as an endocrine disruptor by binding to both canonical and non-canonical estrogen receptors (ERs). Exposure to BPA has been linked to various cancers, in particular, those arising in hormone-targeted tissues such as the breast. In this study, we evaluated the effect of BPA intake through drinking water on ErbB2/neu-driven cancerogenesis in BALB-neuT mice, transgenic for a mutated ErbB2/neu receptor gene, which reproducibly develop carcinomas in all mammary glands. In this model, BPA accelerated mammary cancerogenesis with an increase in the number of tumors per mouse and a concurrent decrease in tumor-free and overall survival. As assessed by immunohistochemistry, BALB-neuT tumors were ER-negative but expressed high levels of the alternative estrogen receptor GPR30, regardless of BPA exposure. On the other hand, BPA exposure resulted in a marked upregulation of progesterone receptors in preinvasive tumors and of Ki67, CD31, and phosphorylated Akt in invasive tumors. Moreover, based on several infiltration markers of immune cells, BPA favored an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Finally, in vitro cell survival studies performed on a cell line established from a BALB-neuT breast carcinoma confirmed that BPA's impact on cancer progression can be particularly relevant after chronic, low-dose exposure.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzhydryl Compounds
- Phenols
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Female
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Drinking Water
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/chemically induced
- Carcinogenesis/drug effects
- Endocrine Disruptors/toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Focaccetti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (M.B.); (R.C.); (L.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Daniela Nardozi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.N.); (V.L.); (V.A.); (P.M.); (Z.M.B.); (S.M.); (E.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Monica Benvenuto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (M.B.); (R.C.); (L.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Valeria Lucarini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.N.); (V.L.); (V.A.); (P.M.); (Z.M.B.); (S.M.); (E.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Valentina Angiolini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.N.); (V.L.); (V.A.); (P.M.); (Z.M.B.); (S.M.); (E.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Raffaele Carrano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (M.B.); (R.C.); (L.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (F.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Francesca Servadei
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (F.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (F.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Patrizia Mancini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.N.); (V.L.); (V.A.); (P.M.); (Z.M.B.); (S.M.); (E.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Zein Mersini Besharat
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.N.); (V.L.); (V.A.); (P.M.); (Z.M.B.); (S.M.); (E.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Michele Milella
- Department of Oncology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Silvia Migliaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.N.); (V.L.); (V.A.); (P.M.); (Z.M.B.); (S.M.); (E.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.N.); (V.L.); (V.A.); (P.M.); (Z.M.B.); (S.M.); (E.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Loredana Cifaldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (M.B.); (R.C.); (L.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.N.); (V.L.); (V.A.); (P.M.); (Z.M.B.); (S.M.); (E.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Camilla Palumbo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (M.B.); (R.C.); (L.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (M.B.); (R.C.); (L.C.); (C.P.)
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Manmuan S, Tubtimsri S, Chaothanaphat N, Issaro N, Tantisira MH, Manmuan P. Determination of the anticancer activity of standardized extract of Centella asiatica (ECa 233) on cell growth and metastatic behavior in oral cancer cells. Res Pharm Sci 2024; 19:121-147. [PMID: 39035578 PMCID: PMC11257205 DOI: 10.4103/rps.rps_81_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The anticancer drugs used for oral cancer treatment present many disadvantages, such as low solubility, low permeability, and poor bioavailability. However, the anticancer activity of ECa 233 has not been widely studied. Therefore, the anticancer activity of ECa 233 was investigated in this study. Experimental approach MTT assay was carried out to determine cell viability. Characterizations of cell apoptosis were monitored using DAPI and FDA staining and Hoechst 33258 and AO staining. Confirmation of the apoptosis-induced KON cells was done using annexin V-FITC staining, and ROS generation was determined by DCFDA staining. Cell death and the cell cycle arrest activity of ECa 233 were demonstrated by a flow cytometer. The anti-migration and anti-invasion properties of ECa 233 were examined. The anti-proliferative of ECa 233 was investigated. Cellular uptake of ECa 233 was measured by TEER values. The pharmacokinetics of ECa 233 were estimated using the pkCSM web server. Findings/Results ECa 233 decreased the KON cell viability. Morphological analysis showed the KON cells' loss of cell stability and structure, disorganized nucleus and cytoplasm, and induced cell death. ECa 233 acted as a cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and reduced the migration and invasion ability in KON cells. TEER values significantly increased in KON cells, which decreased cell colony and multicellular spheroid formations. The pharmacokinetic profiles of the main components are of interest for future usage. Conclusion and implication ECa 233 can be used as an alternative therapy as well as a medicinal plant selected for sensitizing oral cancer cells to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwisit Manmuan
- Division of Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Sukannika Tubtimsri
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Nattaya Chaothanaphat
- Division of Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Nipatha Issaro
- Department of Community Public Health, Songkhla Community College, Songkhla, 90150, Thailand
| | - Mayuree H. Tantisira
- Division of Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Ponwit Manmuan
- Department of Intellectual Property, Ministry of Commerce, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
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5
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Sinha RA. Targeting nuclear receptors for NASH/MASH: From bench to bedside. LIVER RESEARCH 2024; 8:34-45. [PMID: 38544909 PMCID: PMC7615772 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The onset of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents a tipping point leading to liver injury and subsequent hepatic complications in the natural progression of what is now termed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver diseases (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). With no pharmacological treatment currently available for MASH/NASH, the race is on to develop drugs targeting multiple facets of hepatic metabolism, inflammation, and pro-fibrotic events, which are major drivers of MASH. Nuclear receptors (NRs) regulate genomic transcription upon binding to lipophilic ligands and govern multiple aspects of liver metabolism and inflammation. Ligands of NRs may include hormones, lipids, bile acids, and synthetic ligands, which upon binding to NRs regulate the transcriptional activities of target genes. NR ligands are presently the most promising drug candidates expected to receive approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration as a pharmacological treatment for MASH. This review aims to cover the current understanding of NRs, including nuclear hormone receptors, non-steroid hormone receptors, circadian NRs, and orphan NRs, which are currently undergoing clinical trials for MASH treatment, along with NRs that have shown promising results in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit A Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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6
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Sharma K, Panwar U, Madhavi M, Joshi I, Chopra I, Soni L, Khan A, Bhrdwaj A, Parihar AS, Mohan VP, Prajapati L, Sharma R, Agrawal S, Hussain T, Nayarisseri A, Singh SK. Unveiling the ESR1 Conformational Stability and Screening Potent Inhibitors for Breast Cancer Treatment. Med Chem 2024; 20:352-368. [PMID: 37929724 DOI: 10.2174/0115734064256978231024062937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study recognizes the significance of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) as a member of the nuclear receptor protein family, which holds a central role in the pathophysiology of breast cancer. ERα serves as a valuable prognostic marker, with its established relevance in predicting disease outcomes and treatment responses. METHODS In this study, computational methods are utilized to search for suitable drug-like compounds that demonstrate analogous ligand binding kinetics to ERα. RESULTS Docking-based simulation screened out the top 5 compounds - ZINC13377936, NCI35753, ZINC35465238, ZINC14726791, and NCI663569 against the targeted protein. Further, their dynamics studies reveal that the compounds ZINC13377936 and NCI35753 exhibit the highest binding stability and affinity. CONCLUSION Anticipating the competitive inhibition of ERα protein expression in breast cancer, we envision that both ZINC13377936 and NCI35753 compounds hold substantial promise as potential therapeutic agents. These candidates warrant thorough consideration for rigorous In vitro and In vivo evaluations within the context of clinical trials. The findings from this current investigation carry significant implications for the advancement of future diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Sharma
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, 91, Sector A, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Computer Aided Drug Designing and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Umesh Panwar
- Computer Aided Drug Designing and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maddala Madhavi
- Department of Zoology, Osmania University, Hyderabad - 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Isha Joshi
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, 91, Sector A, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ishita Chopra
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, 91, Sector A, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Ross Hall, 2300 Eye Street, NW Washington, D.C. - 20037, USA
| | - Lovely Soni
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, 91, Sector A, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Arshiya Khan
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, 91, Sector A, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anushka Bhrdwaj
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, 91, Sector A, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhyuday Singh Parihar
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, 91, Sector A, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vineeth Pazharathu Mohan
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, 91, Sector A, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Leena Prajapati
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, 91, Sector A, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rashmi Sharma
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, 91, Sector A, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Agrawal
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, 91, Sector A, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Tajamul Hussain
- Research Chair for Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anuraj Nayarisseri
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, 91, Sector A, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Computer Aided Drug Designing and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Research Chair for Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, LeGene Biosciences Pvt Ltd., Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Singh
- Computer Aided Drug Designing and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
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7
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Atallah NM, Alsaleem M, Toss MS, Mongan NP, Rakha E. Differential response of HER2-positive breast cancer to anti-HER2 therapy based on HER2 protein expression level. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1692-1705. [PMID: 37740038 PMCID: PMC10646129 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing data indicate that HER2-positive (HER2 + ) breast cancer (BC) subtypes exhibit differential responses to targeted anti-HER2 therapy. This study aims to investigate these differences and the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS A large cohort of BC patients (n = 7390) was utilised. The clinicopathological characteristics and differential gene expression (DGE) of HER2+ immunohistochemical (IHC) subtypes, specifically HER2 IHC 3+ and IHC 2 + /Amplified, were assessed and correlated with pathological complete response (pCR) and survival in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings, respectively. The role of oestrogen receptor (ER) status was also investigated. RESULTS Compared to HER2 IHC 3+ tumours, BC patients with IHC 2 + /Amplified showed a significantly lower pCR rate (22% versus 57%, P < 0.001), shorter survival regardless of HER2 gene copy number, were less classified as HER2 enriched, and enriched for trastuzumab resistance and ER signalling pathway genes. ER positivity significantly decreased response to anti-HER2 therapy in IHC 2 + /Amplified, but not in IHC 3 + BC patients. CONCLUSION In HER2 + BC, overexpression of HER2 protein is the driver of the oncogenic pathway, and it is the main predictor of response to anti-HER2 therapy. ER signalling pathways are more dominant in BC with equivocal HER2 expression. personalised anti-HER2 therapy based on IHC classes should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Atallah
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, the University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
| | - M Alsaleem
- Unit of Scientific Research, Applied College, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M S Toss
- Histopathology Department, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - N P Mongan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - E Rakha
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, the University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt.
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8
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Sharif Swallah M, Bondzie-Quaye P, Wang H, Shao CS, Hua P, Alrasheed Bashir M, Benjamin Holman J, Sossah FL, Huang Q. Potentialities of Ganoderma lucidum extracts as functional ingredients in food formulation. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113161. [PMID: 37689913 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the recognized therapeutic characteristics of G. lucidum, it is one of the most extensively researched mushrooms as a chemopreventive agent and as a functional food. It is a known wood-degrading basidiomycete possessing numerous pharmacological functions and is termed a natural pharmacy store due to its rich number of active compounds which have proved to portray numerous therapeutic properties. This current review highlights studies on the potentialities of G. lucidum extracts as functional ingredients on organoleptic and nutritional properties of food products (e.g., dairy, wine, beverage, bakery, meat, and other products). In addition, the study delved into various aspects of encapsulated G. lucidum extracts, their morphological and rheological characteristics, prebiotic and immunomodulatory importance, the effects on apoptosis, autophagy, cancer therapy, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, antioxidant activities, and safety concerns. These findings have significant implications for the development of new products in the food and pharmaceutical industries. On the other hand, the various active compounds extracted from G. lucidum exhibited no toxic or adverse effects, and the appeal for it as a dietary food, natural remedy, and health-fortifying food is drastically increasing as well as attracting the interest of both the industrial and scientific communities. Furthermore, the formation of functional foods based on G. lucidum appears to have actual promise and exciting prospects in nutrition, food, and pharmaceutical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sharif Swallah
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Precious Bondzie-Quaye
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Han Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chang-Sheng Shao
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Pei Hua
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mona Alrasheed Bashir
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Joseph Benjamin Holman
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Frederick Leo Sossah
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Oil Palm Research Institute, Coconut Research Programme, P.O. Box 245, Sekondi, Ghana
| | - Qing Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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9
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Lu YS, Wen X, Chen J, He XR, Yu J, Qiu J, Qian YZ, Xu YY. Multiomics reveals new biomarkers and mechanistic insights into the combined toxicity effects of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl and atrazine exposures in MCF-7 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122030. [PMID: 37336346 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Humans are constantly exposed to complicated chemical mixtures from the environment and food rather than being exposed to a single pollutant. The underlying mechanisms of the complicated combined toxicity of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are still mainly unexplored. In this study, two representative EDCs, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB153) and atrazine (ATZ), were selected to explore their combined effects on MCF-7 cell proliferation at environmental exposure concentrations by an integrated analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics. The results showed that 1 μM ATZ and PCB153 combined exposure significantly accelerated MCF-7 cell growth by 18.2%. More than 400 metabolites detected by UHPLC-QTOF/MS were used to observe metabolism differences induced by binary mixtures. Metabolomics analysis verified that ATZ and PCB153 exposure alone or in combination could have an additive effect on metabolism and induce significant disruption to glycolysis, purine metabolism and the TCA cycle, which provide energy demand and biosynthetic substrates for cell proliferation. Compared to PCB153 and ATZ exposure alone, a combined effect was observed in purine and pyrimidine metabolic pathways. Hexokinase 3 (HK3) and cytochrome P450 19 subfamily A1 (CYP19A1) were identified as differentially expressed genes based on transcriptomic analysis. By integrating metabolome and transcriptome analysis, the proliferation effects of ATZ and PCB153 were induced at low doses in MCF-7 cells through potential interference with the downstream transcription signaling of CYP19A1. Furthermore, molecular docking indicated that PCB153 and ATZ directly affected CYP19A1. Altogether, the regulation of pivotal metabolites and differentially expressed genes could provide helpful information to reveal the mechanism by which PCB153 and ATZ affect MCF-7 cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xing Wen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Faculty of Printing and Packaging and Digital Media, Xi' an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Ju Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Faculty of Printing and Packaging and Digital Media, Xi' an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Xiao-Rong He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Faculty of Printing and Packaging and Digital Media, Xi' an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Faculty of Printing and Packaging and Digital Media, Xi' an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yong-Zhong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yan-Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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10
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Dumitru AV, Stoica EE, Covache-Busuioc RA, Bratu BG, Cirstoiu MM. Unraveling the Intricate Link: Deciphering the Role of the Golgi Apparatus in Breast Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14073. [PMID: 37762375 PMCID: PMC10531533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer represents a paramount global health challenge, warranting intensified exploration of the molecular underpinnings influencing its progression to facilitate the development of precise diagnostic instruments and customized therapeutic regimens. Historically, the Golgi apparatus has been acknowledged for its primary role in protein sorting and trafficking within cellular contexts. However, recent findings suggest a potential link between modifications in Golgi apparatus function and organization and the pathogenesis of breast cancer. This review delivers an exhaustive analysis of this correlation. Specifically, we examine the consequences of disrupted protein glycosylation, compromised protein transport, and inappropriate oncoprotein processing on breast cancer cell dynamics. Furthermore, we delve into the impacts of Golgi-mediated secretory routes on the release of pro-tumorigenic factors during the course of breast cancer evolution. Elucidating the nuanced interplay between the Golgi apparatus and breast cancer can pave the way for innovative therapeutic interventions and the discovery of biomarkers, potentially enhancing the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic paradigms for afflicted patients. The advancement of such research could substantially expedite the realization of these objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Vasile Dumitru
- Department of Pathology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Pathology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Evelina-Elena Stoica
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania;
| | | | - Bogdan-Gabriel Bratu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Monica-Mihaela Cirstoiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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11
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Sacharidou A, Chambliss K, Peng J, Barrera J, Tanigaki K, Luby-Phelps K, Özdemir İ, Khan S, Sirsi SR, Kim SH, Katzenellenbogen BS, Katzenellenbogen JA, Kanchwala M, Sathe AA, Lemoff A, Xing C, Hoyt K, Mineo C, Shaul PW. Endothelial ERα promotes glucose tolerance by enhancing endothelial insulin transport to skeletal muscle. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4989. [PMID: 37591837 PMCID: PMC10435471 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40562-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptor (ER) designated ERα has actions in many cell and tissue types that impact glucose homeostasis. It is unknown if these include mechanisms in endothelial cells, which have the potential to influence relative obesity, and processes in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle that impact glucose control. Here we show that independent of impact on events in adipose tissue, endothelial ERα promotes glucose tolerance by enhancing endothelial insulin transport to skeletal muscle. Endothelial ERα-deficient male mice are glucose intolerant and insulin resistant, and in females the antidiabetogenic actions of estradiol (E2) are absent. The glucose dysregulation is due to impaired skeletal muscle glucose disposal that results from attenuated muscle insulin delivery. Endothelial ERα activation stimulates insulin transcytosis by skeletal muscle microvascular endothelial cells. Mechanistically this involves nuclear ERα-dependent upregulation of vesicular trafficking regulator sorting nexin 5 (SNX5) expression, and PI3 kinase activation that drives plasma membrane recruitment of SNX5. Thus, coupled nuclear and non-nuclear actions of ERα promote endothelial insulin transport to skeletal muscle to foster normal glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Sacharidou
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ken Chambliss
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jun Peng
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jose Barrera
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Keiji Tanigaki
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Katherine Luby-Phelps
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - İpek Özdemir
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Sohaib Khan
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Institute, Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Shashank R Sirsi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Benita S Katzenellenbogen
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | | | - Mohammed Kanchwala
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Adwait A Sathe
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Andrew Lemoff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Kenneth Hoyt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Chieko Mineo
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Philip W Shaul
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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12
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Bakadlag R, Limniatis G, Georges G, Georges E. The anti-estrogen receptor drug, tamoxifen, is selectively Lethal to P-glycoprotein-expressing Multidrug resistant tumor cells. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:24. [PMID: 36609245 PMCID: PMC9824978 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a member of the ATP Binding Cassette B1 subfamily (ABCB1), confers resistance to clinically relevant anticancer drugs and targeted chemotherapeutics. However, paradoxically P-glycoprotein overexpressing drug resistant cells are "collaterally sensitive" to non-toxic drugs that stimulate its ATPase activity. METHODS Cell viability assays were used to determine the effect of low concentrations of tamoxifen on the proliferation of multidrug resistant cells (CHORC5 and MDA-Doxo400), expressing P-gp, their parental cell lines (AuxB1 and MDA-MB-231) or P-gp-CRISPR knockout clones of AuxB1 and CHORC5 cells. Western blot analysis was used to estimate P-gp expression in different cell lines. Apoptosis of tamoxifen-induced cell death was estimated by flow cytometry using Annexin-V-FITC stained cells. Oxidative stress of tamoxifen treated cells was determined by measuring levels of reactive oxygen species and reduced thiols using cell-permeant 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) and 5,5-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) DTNB, respectively. RESULTS In this report, we show that P-gp-expressing drug resistant cells (CHORC5 and MDA-Doxo400) are collaterally sensitive to the anti-estrogen tamoxifen or its metabolite (4-hydroxy-tamoxifen). Moreover, P-gp-knockout clones of CHORC5 cells display complete reversal of collateral sensitivity to tamoxifen. Drug resistant cells exposed to low concentrations of tamoxifen show significant rise in reactive oxygen species, drop of reduced cellular thiols and increased apoptosis. Consistent with the latter, CHORC5 cells expressing high levels of human Bcl-2 (CHORC5-Bcl-2) show significant resistance to tamoxifen. In addition, the presence of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine or P-gp ATPase inhibitor, PSC-833, reverse the collateral sensitivity of resistant cells to tamoxifen. By contrast, the presence of rotenone (specific inhibitor of mitochondria complex I) synergizes with tamoxifen. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the use of tamoxifen as collateral sensitivity drug that can preferentially target multidrug resistant cells expressing P-gp at clinically achievable concentrations. Given the widespread use of tamoxifen in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers, this property of tamoxifen may have clinical applications in treatment of P-gp-positive drug resistant breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowa Bakadlag
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Institute of Parasitology, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Québec, H9X-3V9 Canada
| | - Georgia Limniatis
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Institute of Parasitology, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Québec, H9X-3V9 Canada
| | - Gabriel Georges
- grid.421142.00000 0000 8521 1798Department of Cardiac Surgery, Quebec Heart & Lung Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Elias Georges
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Institute of Parasitology, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Québec, H9X-3V9 Canada
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13
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Di Franco M, Vona R, Gambardella L, Cittadini C, Favretti M, Gioia C, Straface E, Pietraforte D. Estrogen receptors, ERK 1/2 phosphorylation and reactive oxidizing species in red blood cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1061319. [PMID: 36545284 PMCID: PMC9760673 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1061319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are recognized to be important pathogenetic determinants in several human cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Undergoing to functional alterations when submitted to risk factors, RBCs modify their own intracellular signaling and the redox balance, shift their status from antioxidant defense to pro-oxidant agents, become a potent atherogenic stimulus playing a key role in the dysregulation of the vascular homeostasis favoring the developing and progression of CVD. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular mortality with a prevalence from two to five more likely in woman, mainly attributed to accelerated atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to correlate the RA disease activity and the RBCs functional characteristics. Thirty-two women (aged more than 18 years) with RA, and 25 age-matched healthy women were included in this study. The disease activity, measured as the number of swollen and painful joints (DAS-28), was correlated with 1) the expression of RBCs estrogen receptors, which modulate the RBC intracellular signaling, 2) the activation of the estrogen-linked kinase ERK½, which is a key regulator of RBC adhesion and survival, and 3) the levels of inflammatory- and oxidative stress-related biomarkers, such as the acute-phase reactants, the antioxidant capacity of plasma, the reactive oxidizing species formation and 3-nitrotyrosine. All the biomarkers were evaluated in RA patients at baseline and 6 months after treatment with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). We found, for the first times, that in RA patients 1) the DAS-28 correlated with RBC ER-α expression, and did not correlate with total antioxidant capacity of plasma; 2) the RBC ER-α expression correlated with systemic inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress parameters, as well as ERK½ phosphorylation; and 3) the DMARDs treatments improved the clinical condition measured by DAS-28 score decrease, although the RBCs appeared to be more prone to pro-oxidant status associated to the expression of survival molecules. These findings represent an important advance in the study of RA determinants favoring the developing of CVD, because strongly suggest that RBCs could also participate in the vascular homeostasis through fine modulation of an intracellular signal linked to the ER-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Di Franco
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthetic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Vona
- Biomarkers Unit, Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Gambardella
- Biomarkers Unit, Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Cittadini
- Biomarkers Unit, Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Favretti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthetic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Gioia
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthetic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Straface
- Biomarkers Unit, Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Pietraforte
- Core Facilities, National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Donatella Pietraforte,
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14
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The cross-talk of autophagy and apoptosis in breast carcinoma: implications for novel therapies? Biochem J 2022; 479:1581-1608. [PMID: 35904454 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is still the most common cancer in women worldwide. Resistance to drugs and recurrence of the disease are two leading causes of failure in treatment. For a more efficient treatment of patients, the development of novel therapeutic regimes is needed. Recent studies indicate that modulation of autophagy in concert with apoptosis induction may provide a promising novel strategy in breast cancer treatment. Apoptosis and autophagy are two tightly regulated distinct cellular processes. To maintain tissue homeostasis abnormal cells are disposed largely by means of apoptosis. Autophagy, however, contributes to tissue homeostasis and cell fitness by scavenging of damaged organelles, lipids, proteins, and DNA. Defects in autophagy promote tumorigenesis, whereas upon tumor formation rapidly proliferating cancer cells may rely on autophagy to survive. Given that evasion of apoptosis is one of the characteristic hallmarks of cancer cells, inhibiting autophagy and promoting apoptosis can negatively influence cancer cell survival and increase cell death. Hence, combination of antiautophagic agents with the enhancement of apoptosis may restore apoptosis and provide a therapeutic advantage against breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the cross-talk of autophagy and apoptosis and the diverse facets of autophagy in breast cancer cells leading to novel models for more effective therapeutic strategies.
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15
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Transcriptional Regulation of Hepatic Autophagy by Nuclear Receptors. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040620. [PMID: 35203271 PMCID: PMC8869834 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an adaptive self-eating process involved in degradation of various cellular components such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and organelles. Its activity plays an essential role in tissue homeostasis and systemic metabolism in response to diverse challenges, including nutrient depletion, pathogen invasion, and accumulations of toxic materials. Therefore, autophagy dysfunctions are intimately associated with many human diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, obesity, diabetes, infection, and aging. Although its acute post-translational regulation is well described, recent studies have also shown that autophagy can be controlled at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are in general ligand-dependent transcription factors consisting of 48 members in humans. These receptors extensively control transcription of a variety of genes involved in development, metabolism, and inflammation. In this review, we discuss the roles and mechanisms of NRs in an aspect of transcriptional regulation of hepatic autophagy, and how the NR-driven autophagy pathway can be harnessed to treat various liver diseases.
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16
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Tindall AM, Stallings VA. Sex differences in cardiovascular risk may be related to sex differences in diet patterns: a narrative review. Ann Hum Biol 2022; 48:517-524. [PMID: 35105204 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2021.1998621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States and globally. The social and biological differences in diet patterns among men and women may play a role in their differential cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE To describe the dietary patterns associated with CVD risk and investigate the differences in diet patterns between men and women, if these differences affect cardiovascular risk, and to explore potential mechanisms of action. METHODS Diet patterns associated with CVD risk were described based on epidemiological and experimental trials. Observational and experimental studies together with systematic and non-systematic reviews were synthesised to examine sex differences in diet and cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS Differences in vasculature and body composition between sexes may be mediated by dissimilarities in adherence to diet patterns and nutrient metabolism. Salt sensitivity and breakdown and storage of lipids may account for some differences in CVD risk between men and women. Sex differences in social norms, cognitive processing, and odour perception may be affected by biological differences and contribute to differences in cardiovascular risk and dietary patterns. CONCLUSION The relation between diet patterns and cardiovascular risk is well-established and sex differences in diet patterns likely differentially affect CVD risk between men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Tindall
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - V A Stallings
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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17
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Kawiak A, Kostecka A. Regulation of Bcl-2 Family Proteins in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer and Their Implications in Endocrine Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:279. [PMID: 35053443 PMCID: PMC8773933 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer accounts for around two-thirds of breast cancer occurrences, with endocrine therapy serving as first-line therapy in most cases. Targeting estrogen signaling pathways, which play a central role in regulating ER+ breast cell proliferation and survival, has proven to improve patient outcomes. However, despite the undeniable advantages of endocrine therapy, a subset of breast cancer patients develop acquired or intrinsic resistance to ER-targeting agents, limiting their efficacy. The activation of downstream ER signaling pathways upregulates pro-survival mechanisms that have been shown to influence the response of cells to endocrine therapy. The Bcl-2 family proteins play a central role in cell death regulation and have been shown to contribute to endocrine therapy resistance, supporting the survival of breast cancer cells and enhancing cell death evasion. Due to the overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins in ER-positive breast cancer, the role of these proteins as potential targets in hormone-responsive breast cancer is growing in interest. In particular, recent advances in the development of BH3 mimetics have enabled their evaluation in preclinical studies with ER+ breast cancer models, and BH3 mimetics have entered early ER+ breast cancer clinical trials. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins in ER+ breast cancer. Furthermore, an overview of recent advances in research regarding the efficacy of BH3 mimetics in ER+ breast cancer has been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kawiak
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Kostecka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland;
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18
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Ueda K, Fukuma N, Adachi Y, Numata G, Tokiwa H, Toyoda M, Otani A, Hashimoto M, Liu PY, Takimoto E. Sex Differences and Regulatory Actions of Estrogen in Cardiovascular System. Front Physiol 2021; 12:738218. [PMID: 34650448 PMCID: PMC8505986 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.738218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Great progress has been made in the understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and this has improved the prevention and prognosis of CVDs. However, while sex differences in CVDs have been well documented and studied for decades, their full extent remains unclear. Results of the latest clinical studies provide strong evidence of sex differences in the efficacy of drug treatment for heart failure, thereby possibly providing new mechanistic insights into sex differences in CVDs. In this review, we discuss the significance of sex differences, as rediscovered by recent studies, in the pathogenesis of CVDs. First, we provide an overview of the results of clinical trials to date regarding sex differences and hormone replacement therapy. Then, we discuss the role of sex differences in the maintenance and disruption of cardiovascular tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Ueda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyô, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Fukuma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyô, Japan
| | - Yusuke Adachi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyô, Japan
| | - Genri Numata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyô, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tokiwa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyô, Japan
| | - Masayuki Toyoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyô, Japan
| | - Akira Otani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyô, Japan
| | - Masaki Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyô, Japan
| | - Pang-Yen Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyô, Japan
| | - Eiki Takimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyô, Japan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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19
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Ovarian Telomerase and Female Fertility. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070842. [PMID: 34356906 PMCID: PMC8301802 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Women's fertility is characterized both quantitatively and qualitatively mainly by the pool of ovarian follicles. Monthly, gonadotropins cause an intense multiplication of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte. This step of follicular development requires a high proliferation ability for these cells. Telomere length plays a crucial role in the mitotic index of human cells. Hence, disrupting telomere homeostasis could directly affect women's fertility. Strongly expressed in ovaries, telomerase is the most effective factor to limit telomeric attrition and preserve ovarian reserve. Considering these facts, two situations of infertility could be correlated with the length of telomeres and ovarian telomerase activity: PolyCystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), which is associated with a high density of small antral follicles, and Premature Ovarian Failure (POF), which is associated with a premature decrease in ovarian reserve. Several authors have studied this topic, expecting to find long telomeres and strong telomerase activity in PCOS and short telomeres and low telomerase activity in POF patients. Although the results of these studies are contradictory, telomere length and the ovarian telomerase impact in women's fertility disorders appear obvious. In this context, our research perspectives aimed to explore the stimulation of ovarian telomerase to limit the decrease in the follicular pool while avoiding an increase in cancer risk.
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Naji Reyhani Garmroudi S, Karimi E, Oskoueian E, Homayouni-Tabrizi M, Iranshahi M. Ferutinin: A phytoestrogen from ferula and its anticancer, antioxidant, and toxicity properties. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22713. [PMID: 33501774 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant, anticancer, and toxicity properties of ferutinin, a phytoestrogen derived from Ferula species. The human Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) breast cancer cell line and normal human fibroblast (HDF) were cultured and treated with different ferutinin concentrations. The cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and cell death-defining tests (a comparative real-time polymerase chain reaction [for Bax and Bcl-2 genes], flow cytometry, and acridine orange/propidium iodide cell staining). Moreover, 15 white male balb/c mice were divided into three groups of five (one untreated control group and two groups), which received different doses of ferutinin-supplemented water (500 and 1000 µg/kg mice weight) to check the mice liver and kidney pathomorphological alterations and to determine the antioxidant enzymes' expression profile (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], and glutathione peroxidase) in the mentioned tissues. Finally, the liver lipid peroxidation of mice was analyzed. The results of MTT and cell death-defining tests indicate the significant reduction in cell viability and induction of apoptotic death in MCF-7 cells (enhanced sub-G1 peaks, Bax overexpression, Bcl-2 downregulation, and increased apoptotic cells). The antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) in the mice liver and kidney cells were found to be upregulated (p < .05) in response to the increasing doses of ferutinin. Besides, the lipid peroxidation of the liver tissue of mice was significantly reduced. According to the results, we suggest that ferutinin has the potential to be served as a selective anticancer compound for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ehsan Karimi
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Oskoueian
- Mashhad Branch, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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21
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Xiao Y, Kim M, Lazar MA. Nuclear receptors and transcriptional regulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Metab 2020; 50:101119. [PMID: 33220489 PMCID: PMC8324695 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a result of a sedentary lifestyle and excess food consumption in modern society, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterized by fat accumulation in the liver is becoming a major disease burden. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an advanced form of NAFLD characterized by inflammation and fibrosis that can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a family of ligand-regulated transcription factors that closely control multiple aspects of metabolism. Their transcriptional activity is modulated by various ligands, including hormones and lipids. NRs serve as potential pharmacological targets for NAFLD/NASH and other metabolic diseases. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of NRs that have been studied in the context of NAFLD/NASH with a focus on their transcriptional regulation, function in preclinical models, and studies of their clinical utility. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The transcriptional regulation of NRs is context-dependent. During the dynamic progression of NAFLD/NASH, NRs play diverse roles in multiple organs and different cell types in the liver, which highlights the necessity of targeting NRs in a stage-specific and cell-type-specific manner to enhance the efficacy and safety of treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiao
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mindy Kim
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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22
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Butler LM, Perone Y, Dehairs J, Lupien LE, de Laat V, Talebi A, Loda M, Kinlaw WB, Swinnen JV. Lipids and cancer: Emerging roles in pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:245-293. [PMID: 32711004 PMCID: PMC7736102 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of effective tools to study lipids, including mass spectrometry-based lipidomics, lipids are emerging as central players in cancer biology. Lipids function as essential building blocks for membranes, serve as fuel to drive energy-demanding processes and play a key role as signaling molecules and as regulators of numerous cellular functions. Not unexpectedly, cancer cells, as well as other cell types in the tumor microenvironment, exploit various ways to acquire lipids and extensively rewire their metabolism as part of a plastic and context-dependent metabolic reprogramming that is driven by both oncogenic and environmental cues. The resulting changes in the fate and composition of lipids help cancer cells to thrive in a changing microenvironment by supporting key oncogenic functions and cancer hallmarks, including cellular energetics, promoting feedforward oncogenic signaling, resisting oxidative and other stresses, regulating intercellular communication and immune responses. Supported by the close connection between altered lipid metabolism and the pathogenic process, specific lipid profiles are emerging as unique disease biomarkers, with diagnostic, prognostic and predictive potential. Multiple preclinical studies illustrate the translational promise of exploiting lipid metabolism in cancer, and critically, have shown context dependent actionable vulnerabilities that can be rationally targeted, particularly in combinatorial approaches. Moreover, lipids themselves can be used as membrane disrupting agents or as key components of nanocarriers of various therapeutics. With a number of preclinical compounds and strategies that are approaching clinical trials, we are at the doorstep of exploiting a hitherto underappreciated hallmark of cancer and promising target in the oncologist's strategy to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Butler
- Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ylenia Perone
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven Cancer Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leslie E Lupien
- Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 037560, USA
| | - Vincent de Laat
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven Cancer Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ali Talebi
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven Cancer Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Massimo Loda
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - William B Kinlaw
- The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven Cancer Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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23
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Bernardo C, Santos J, Costa C, Tavares A, Amaro T, Marques I, Gouveia MJ, Félix V, Afreixo V, Brindley PJ, Costa JM, Amado F, Helguero L, Santos LL. Estrogen receptors in urogenital schistosomiasis and bladder cancer: Estrogen receptor alpha-mediated cell proliferation. Urol Oncol 2020; 38:738.e23-738.e35. [PMID: 32507545 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen-like metabolites have been identified in S. haematobium, the helminth parasite that causes urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS) and in patients´ blood and urine during UGS. Estrogen receptor (ER) activation is enriched in the luminal molecular subtype bladder cancer (BlaCa). To date, the significance of ER to these diseases remains elusive. We evaluated ERα and ERβ expression in UGS-related BlaCa (n = 27), UGS-related non-malignant lesions (n = 35), and noninfected BlaCa (n = 80). We investigated the potential of ERα to recognize S. haematobium-derived metabolites by docking and molecular dynamics simulations and studied ERα modulation in vitro using 3 BlaCa cell lines, T24, 5637 and HT1376. ERα was expressed in tumor and stromal cells in approximately 20% noninfected cases and in 30% of UGS-related BlaCa, predominantly in the epithelial cells. Overall, ERα expression was associated with features of tumor aggressiveness such as high proliferation and p53 positive expression. ERα expression correlated with presence of schistosome eggs. ERβ was widely expressed in both cohorts but weaker in UGS-related cases. molecular dynamics simulations of the 4 most abundant S. haematobium-derived metabolites revealed that smaller metabolites have comparable affinity for the ERα active state than 17β-estradiol, while the larger metabolites present higher affinity. Our in vitro findings suggested that ERα activation promotes proliferation in ERα expressing BlaCa cells and that this can be reverted with anti-estrogenic therapy. In summary, we report differential ER expression between UGS-related BlaCa and noninfected BlaCa and provide evidence supporting a role of active ERα during UGS and UGS-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Bernardo
- Hormones and Cancer Lab, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine, iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics, Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute - Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Júlio Santos
- Urology Department, Hospital Américo Boavida, Luanda, Angola; Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA/ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Céu Costa
- Fernando Pessoa Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit/Biomedical Research Center (FP-ENAS/CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Tavares
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics, Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute - Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresina Amaro
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Igor Marques
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria João Gouveia
- Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA/ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Infectious Diseases, R&D Unit, INSA-National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Félix
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vera Afreixo
- Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA), Department of Mathematics, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - José Manuel Costa
- Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA/ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Infectious Diseases, R&D Unit, INSA-National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Amado
- Mass Spectrometry Group, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luisa Helguero
- Hormones and Cancer Lab, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine, iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lúcio L Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics, Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute - Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal; Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute - Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
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24
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Zhu M, Li H, Miao L, Li L, Dong X, Zou X. Dietary cadmium chloride impairs shell biomineralization by disrupting the metabolism of the eggshell gland in laying hens. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5715281. [PMID: 31974567 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we identified cadmium (Cd) as a potential endocrine disruptor that impairs laying performance, egg quality, and eggshell deposition and induces oxidative stress and inflammation in the eggshell glands of laying hens. A total of 480 38-wk-old laying hens were randomly assigned into 5 groups that were fed a basal diet (control) or a basal diet supplemented with Cd (provided as CdCl2·2.5 H2O) at 7.5, 15, 30, and 60 mg Cd per kg feed for 9 wk. The results showed that, when compared with the control group, a low dose of dietary Cd (7.5 mg/kg) had positive effects on egg quality by improving albumen height, Haugh unit, yolk color, and shell thickness at the third or ninth week. However, with the increase in the dose and duration of Cd exposure, the laying performance, egg quality, and activities of eggshell gland antioxidant enzymes (catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxide [GSH-Px]), and ATPase (Na+/K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and Mg2+-ATPase) deteriorated, and the activity of total nitric oxide synthase (T-NOS) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly (P < 0.05). The histopathology and real-time quantitative PCR results showed that Cd induced endometrial epithelial cell proliferation accompanied by upregulation of the mRNA levels of progesterone receptor (PgR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), downregulation of the mRNA levels of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and interleukin 6 (IL6), and inflammation of the eggshell gland accompanied by significantly increased expression of complement C3 and pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) (P < 0.05). In addition, the ultrastructure of the eggshell showed that dietary supplementation with 7.5 mg/kg Cd increased the palisade layer and total thickness of the shell, but with the increase in dietary Cd supplementation (30 and 60 mg/kg) the thickness of the palisade layer and mammillary layer decreased significantly (P < 0.05), and the outer surface of the eggshell became rougher. Correspondingly, the expression of calbindin 1 (CALB1), ovocalyxin-32 (OCX-32), ovocalyxin-36 (OCX-36), osteopontin (SPP1), and ovocledidin-17 (OC-17) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary Cd supplementation. Conclusively, the present study demonstrates that dietary supplementation with Cd negatively affects laying performance, egg quality, and eggshell deposition by disturbing the metabolism of eggshell glands in laying hens but has a positive effect on egg quality at low doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huaiyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liping Miao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xinyang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoting Zou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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25
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Hamid AB, Petreaca RC. Secondary Resistant Mutations to Small Molecule Inhibitors in Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040927. [PMID: 32283832 PMCID: PMC7226513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary resistant mutations in cancer cells arise in response to certain small molecule inhibitors. These mutations inevitably cause recurrence and often progression to a more aggressive form. Resistant mutations may manifest in various forms. For example, some mutations decrease or abrogate the affinity of the drug for the protein. Others restore the function of the enzyme even in the presence of the inhibitor. In some cases, resistance is acquired through activation of a parallel pathway which bypasses the function of the drug targeted pathway. The Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) produced a compendium of resistant mutations to small molecule inhibitors reported in the literature. Here, we build on these data and provide a comprehensive review of resistant mutations in cancers. We also discuss mechanistic parallels of resistance.
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26
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Biswal NC, Fu X, Jagtap JM, Shea MJ, Kumar V, Lords T, Roy R, Schiff R, Joshi A. In vivo longitudinal imaging of RNA interference-induced endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201900180. [PMID: 31595691 PMCID: PMC9229172 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer is a major obstacle in the treatment of patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors. Herein, we demonstrate the feasibility of longitudinal, noninvasive and semiquantitative in vivo molecular imaging of resistance to three endocrine therapies by using an inducible fluorescence-labeled short hairpin RNA (shRNA) system in orthotopic mice xenograft tumors. We employed a dual fluorescent doxycycline (Dox)-regulated lentiviral inducer system to transfect ER+ MCF7L breast cancer cells, with green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression as a marker of transfection and red fluorescent protein (RFP) expression as a surrogate marker of Dox-induced tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) knockdown. Xenografted MCF7L tumor-bearing nude mice were randomized to therapies comprising estrogen deprivation, tamoxifen or an ER degrader (fulvestrant) and an estrogen-treated control group. Longitudinal imaging was performed by a home-built multispectral imaging system based on a cooled image intensified charge coupled device camera. The GFP signal, which corresponds to number of viable tumor cells, exhibited excellent correlation to caliper-measured tumor size (P << .05). RFP expression was substantially higher in mice exhibiting therapy resistance and strongly and significantly (P < 1e-7) correlated with the tumor size progression for the mice with shRNA-induced PTEN knockdown. PTEN loss was strongly correlated with resistance to estrogen deprivation, tamoxifen and fulvestrant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nrusingh C. Biswal
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence Nrusingh C. Biswal, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 850. W Baltimore St, MD 21201, USA,
| | - Xiaoyong Fu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jaidip M. Jagtap
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Martin J. Shea
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vijetha Kumar
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tamika Lords
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ronita Roy
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rachel Schiff
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amit Joshi
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Montagna E, Colleoni M. Hormonal treatment combined with targeted therapies in endocrine-responsive and HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919894105. [PMID: 31897091 PMCID: PMC6918494 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919894105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 50% of HER2 positive breast cancer cases are also estrogen receptor (ER) positive. Data supports a role for close cross-talk between the ER and HER2 signaling pathways as an important contributor to the development of de novo or acquired resistance to hormone therapies. Therefore a strategy that simultaneously blocks both signaling pathways is a reasonable approach to prevent or overcome either endocrine or anti-HER2 therapy resistance. Moreover, preclinical data support the idea that PI3K inhibitors and CDK4/6 could be an attractive target that functions downstream of both ER and HER2 pathways. We conducted a literature review of the results of phase II and III studies testing targeted therapies in metastatic breast cancer with HER2-positive and hormonal-receptor-positive disease. The analyses included efficacy and toxicity data from earlier studies with a single anti-HER2 drug combined with hormonal therapy up to more recent studies testing new molecules targeting these signaling pathways. The aims of this review are to summarize current knowledge and to discuss research development including the possibility to spare chemotherapy in this subgroup of HER2-positive breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Montagna
- Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, 20141, Italy
| | - Marco Colleoni
- Division of Medical Senology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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28
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Huang S, Chen Y, Liang ZM, Li NN, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Liao D, Zhou XZ, Lu KP, Yao Y, Luo ML. Targeting Pin1 by All-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) Overcomes Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer via Multifactorial Mechanisms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:322. [PMID: 31867329 PMCID: PMC6908472 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent tumor in women worldwide and about 70% patients are estrogen receptor positive. In these cancer patients, resistance to the anticancer estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen emerges to be a major clinical obstacle. Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 is prominently overexpressed in breast cancer and involves in tamoxifen-resistance. Here, we explore the mechanism and effect of targeting Pin1 using its chemical inhibitor all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in the treatment of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. We found that Pin1 was up-regulated in tamoxifen-resistant human breast cancer cell lines and tumor tissues from relapsed patients. Pin1 overexpression increased the phosphorylation of ERα on S118 and stabilized ERα protein. ATRA treatment, resembling the effect of Pin1 knockdown, promoted ERα degradation in tamoxifen-resistant cells. Moreover, ATRA or Pin1 knockdown decreased the activation of ERK1/2 and AKT pathways. ATRA also reduced the nuclear expression and transcriptional activity of ERα. Importantly, ATRA inhibited cell viability and proliferation of tamoxifen-resistant human breast cancer cells in vitro. Slow-releasing ATRA tablets reduced the growth of tamoxifen-resistant human breast cancer xenografts in vivo. In conclusion, ATRA-induced Pin1 ablation inhibits tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer growth by suppressing multifactorial mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance simultaneously, which demonstrates an attractive strategy for treating aggressive and endocrine-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyin Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Mei Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na-Na Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghua Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingzhun Liao
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yandan Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Man-Li Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Wójcik M, Ruszała A, Januś D, Starzyk JB. Liver Biochemical Abnormalities in Adolescent Patients with Turner Syndrome. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2019; 11:395-399. [PMID: 31117336 PMCID: PMC6878342 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2019.2018.0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elevated liver function tests (LFTs) are common in adult Turner syndrome (TS) patients. Data regarding children and adolescents are lacking. To investigate the prevalence of abnormal LFTs in children and adolescents with TS during several years of observation; to evaluate the potential impact of increased body mass index (BMI) and sex hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on LFTs. METHODS The analysis included 100 girls with TS, aged 4-16 years, all of whom were receiving recombinant human growth hormone therapy. A longitudinal study was conducted which included 81 patients. RESULTS Mean BMI-standard deviation (SD) score of the subjects was 0.63 (SD: 1.53). Forty-four were being treated with HRT. Elevated LFTs were found in 34% of the patients overall (32% not receiving HRT vs 36% on HRT). The relative risk of increased LFTs was not higher in obese vs normal weight [odds ratio (OR): 0.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.1-0.36, p=0.38 vs OR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.08-0.3, p=0.1]. HRT did not increase the risk of abnormal LFTs activity (OR: 0.8; 95% CI: 0.5-1.2, p=0.37 vs OR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.4-1.1, p=0.27). During the follow-up period (mean±SD=4.31±0.82 years), no patient developed overt liver disease. There was no significant increase nor decrease of abnormal LFT frequency in the subsequent years of follow up. CONCLUSION Constantly elevated LFTs in TS are common in children and adolescents with TS. However the causes and clinical significance remain unclear. This study suggests that obesity and HRT do not increase the risk of elevated LFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wójcik
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Pediatric Institute, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics; Children’s University Hospital, Kraków, Poland,Contributed equally to this work,* Address for Correspondence: Jagiellonian University Medical College, Pediatric Institute, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Kraków, Poland Phone: +0048123339039 E-mail:
| | - Anna Ruszała
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Pediatric Institute, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics; Children’s University Hospital, Kraków, Poland,Contributed equally to this work
| | - Dominika Januś
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Pediatric Institute, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics; Children’s University Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy B. Starzyk
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Pediatric Institute, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics; Children’s University Hospital, Kraków, Poland
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30
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Chou CK, Huang HW, Yang CF, Dahms HU, Liang SS, Wang TN, Kuo PL, Hsi E, Tsai EM, Chiu CC. Reduced camptothecin sensitivity of estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer cells following exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is associated with DNA methylation changes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:401-414. [PMID: 30720231 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) has been considered as an estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) agonist due to its ability to interact with ERα and promote the cell proliferation of ERα-positive breast cancer cells. The impact of DEHP on the chemical therapy in breast cancer is little known. Two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 (ERα-dependent) and MDA-MB-231 (ERα-independent) were examined. We found that DEHP impaired the effectiveness of camptothecin (CPT) and alleviated the CPT-induced formation of reactive oxygen species in ERα-positive MCF-7 cells, but not in ERα-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. DEHP also significantly protected MCF-7 cells against the genotoxicity of CPT. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling revealed that after 48 hours of exposure to 100 μM DEHP, MCF-7 cells exhibited a significant change in their DNA methylation pattern, including hypermethylation of 700 genes and hypomethylation of 221 genes. The impaired therapeutic response to CPT in DEHP-exposed MCF-7 cells is probably mediated by epigenetic changes, especially through Wnt/β-catenin signaling. A zebrafish xenograft model confirmed the disruptive effect of DEHP on CPT-induced anti-growth of MCF-7 cells. In summary, DEHP exposure induces acquired CPT-resistance in breast cancer cells and epigenetic changes associated with Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation are probably depending on an ER-positive status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chon-Kit Chou
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Hurng-Wern Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Feng Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shin Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Nai Wang
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Edward Hsi
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Translational Research Center, Cancer Center and Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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31
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Usategui‐Martín R, Pérez‐Alonso M, Socorro‐Briongos L, Ruiz‐Mambrilla M, Luis D, Linares L, Calero‐Paniagua I, Dueñas‐Laita A, Pérez‐Castrillón JL. Estrogen receptor genes polymorphisms determine serum lipid profile in healthy postmenopausal women treated with calcium, vitamin D, and genistein. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13115-13120. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Usategui‐Martín
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), University of Valladolid Valladolid Spain
| | | | - Laisa Socorro‐Briongos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Río Hortega University Hospital, Departament of Medicine University of Valladolid Valladolid Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz‐Mambrilla
- Department of Medicine University of Valladolid Valladolid Spain
- Rehabilitation and Language Medical Centre Valladolid Spain
| | - Daniel Luis
- Department of Endocrinology Valladolid University Hospital. University of Valladolid Valladolid Spain
| | - Lidia Linares
- Department of Endocrinology Valladolid University Hospital. University of Valladolid Valladolid Spain
| | | | - Antonio Dueñas‐Laita
- Service of Clinical Toxicology, Río Hortega University Hospital, Departament of Medicine University of Valladolid Valladolid Spain
| | - José L. Pérez‐Castrillón
- Department of Internal Medicine, Río Hortega University Hospital, Departament of Medicine University of Valladolid Valladolid Spain
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Ueda K, Adachi Y, Liu P, Fukuma N, Takimoto E. Regulatory Actions of Estrogen Receptor Signaling in the Cardiovascular System. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:909. [PMID: 31998238 PMCID: PMC6965027 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Premenopausal females have a lower incidence of death from cardiovascular disease (CVD) than male counterparts, supporting the notion that estrogen is protective against the development and progression of CVD. Although large-scale randomized trials of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy failed to show cardiovascular benefits, recent ELITE study demonstrated anti-atherosclerotic benefits of exogenous estrogen depending on the initiation timing of the therapy. These results have urged us to better understand the mechanisms for actions of estrogens on CVD. Here, we review experimental and human studies, highlighting the emerging role of estrogen's non-nuclear actions linking to NO-cGMP signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Ueda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Adachi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pangyen Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Fukuma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiki Takimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Eiki Takimoto
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Bianchini G. Is trastuzumab as a single agent obsolete in early breast cancer? No. Breast 2018; 43:142-145. [PMID: 30578129 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Until very recently, the "one size fits all" approach, with trastuzumab and chemotherapy with or without endocrine therapy, has been considered standard of care in almost all patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer. The combination of trastuzumab and chemotherapy is considered an undeniable therapy in this setting, given the unquestionable clinical benefit and the favorable safety profile. This almost universal adoption of trastuzumab-based therapies in early breast cancer has led to a proportional increase of overtreated patients, thus making treatment de-escalation in HER2-positive early breast cancer one of the major and more urgent unmet clinical need. In patients with HER2-positive disease at low/intermediate risk, single agent trastuzumab is not at all obsolete, and actually it remains the standard of care and represents the basis for many current efforts to a tailored treatment de-escalation. In this population, it is now crucial to improve treatment tailoring, by fine-tuning both patient selection and treatment administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Bianchini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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34
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Palmisano BT, Zhu L, Eckel RH, Stafford JM. Sex differences in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Mol Metab 2018; 15:45-55. [PMID: 29858147 PMCID: PMC6066747 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous sex hormones are important for metabolic health in men and women. Before menopause, women are protected from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) relative to men. Women have fewer cardiovascular complications of obesity compared to men with obesity. Endogenous estrogens have been proposed as a mechanism that lessens ASCVD risk, as risk of glucose and lipid abnormalities increases when endogenous estrogens decline with menopause. While baseline risk is higher in males than females, endogenously produced androgens are also protective against fatty liver, diabetes and ASCVD, as risk goes up with androgen deprivation and with the decline in androgens with age. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we discuss evidence of how endogenous sex hormones and hormone treatment approaches impact fatty acid, triglyceride, and cholesterol metabolism to influence metabolic and cardiovascular risk. We also discuss potential reasons for why treatment strategies with estrogens and androgens in older individuals fail to fully recapitulate the effects of endogenous sex hormones. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The pathways that confer ASCVD protection for women are of potential therapeutic relevance. Despite protection relative to men, ASCVD is still the major cause of mortality in women. Additionally, diabetic women have similar ASCVD risk as diabetic men, suggesting that the presence of diabetes may offset the protective cardiovascular effects of being female through unknown mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Palmisano
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Lin Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Robert H Eckel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, USA
| | - John M Stafford
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA.
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35
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Rocca A, Maltoni R, Bravaccini S, Donati C, Andreis D. Clinical utility of fulvestrant in the treatment of breast cancer: a report on the emerging clinical evidence. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:3083-3099. [PMID: 30214302 PMCID: PMC6124791 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s137772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fulvestrant is the first selective estrogen receptor (ER) downregulator available in clinical practice. It is a pure antiestrogen with no agonistic effects, leading to degradation of ER alpha, with activity in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer (BC) models. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies and several postmarketing clinical trials led to the definition of the optimal dose at 500 mg intramuscularly on days 1, 15, and 29 and then every 28 days. Targeting ER alpha, fulvestrant is a cornerstone of treatment in luminal BCs, whose growth is largely driven by the ER pathway. In endocrine therapy-naïve patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2− advanced BC (ABC), fulvestrant yielded significantly longer progression-free survival compared to anastrozole in the Phase III FALCON study. Due to its mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic properties, fulvestrant is an ideal backbone for combination therapies. Preclinical studies have shown synergism with drugs acting on signaling pathways involved in the development of endocrine resistance, among which the cyclin D/cyclin-dependent kinase 4-6/retinoblastoma pathway and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, contributing to overcoming or delaying endocrine resistance. In the Phase III PALOMA-3 trial, a combination of the cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor palbociclib with fulvestrant significantly improved progression-free survival over fulvestrant alone in women with hormone receptor positive, HER2− ABC progressing during prior endocrine therapy. This led to approval of the combination in this clinical setting. Similar results were obtained with abemaciclib and ribociclib. Combination with pan-PI3K inhibitors, though showing some efficacy, was hampered by the toxicity of these agents, and studies in combinations with more selective inhibitors of the α-catalytic subunit of PI3K are ongoing. Fulvestrant has shown partial activity also in patients with tumors harboring mutations of the ESR1 gene. It is thus a key drug in the treatment of ABC, whose role in combination with new targeted agents is still evolving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rocca
- Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS,
| | - Roberta Maltoni
- Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS,
| | - Sara Bravaccini
- Cyto-Histo-Molecular Pathology, Bioscience Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS
| | - Caterina Donati
- Pharmacy, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS
| | - Daniele Andreis
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
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36
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Boonyaratanakornkit V, Hamilton N, Márquez-Garbán DC, Pateetin P, McGowan EM, Pietras RJ. Extranuclear signaling by sex steroid receptors and clinical implications in breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 466:51-72. [PMID: 29146555 PMCID: PMC5878997 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen and progesterone play essential roles in the development and progression of breast cancer. Over 70% of breast cancers express estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), emphasizing the need for better understanding of ER and PR signaling. ER and PR are traditionally viewed as transcription factors that directly bind DNA to regulate gene networks. In addition to nuclear signaling, ER and PR mediate hormone-induced, rapid extranuclear signaling at the cell membrane or in the cytoplasm which triggers downstream signaling to regulate rapid or extended cellular responses. Specialized membrane and cytoplasmic proteins may also initiate hormone-induced extranuclear signaling. Rapid extranuclear signaling converges with its nuclear counterpart to amplify ER/PR transcription and specify gene regulatory networks. This review summarizes current understanding and updates on ER and PR extranuclear signaling. Further investigation of ER/PR extranuclear signaling may lead to development of novel targeted therapeutics for breast cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viroj Boonyaratanakornkit
- Department of Clinical Chemistry Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Age-related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Nalo Hamilton
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Diana C Márquez-Garbán
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Prangwan Pateetin
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Eileen M McGowan
- Chronic Disease Solutions Team, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard J Pietras
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Guo L, Li F, Wang M, Xu Y, Wang B, Ran D, Zhang X. 17β-estradiol regulates the malignancy of cancer stem-like cells derived from the MCF7 cell line partially through Sox2. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3790-3795. [PMID: 29467896 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a major common malignant tumor in women, the malignant behavior of breast cancer, which includes tumorigenesis and metastasis, is associated with estrogen, particularly 17β-estradiol (E2). With accumulating evidence demonstrating that cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) serve a function in the malignant behavior of breast cancer, including metastasis, recurrence and chemoresistance, the effects of E2 on the physiological processes of CSCs have been attracting more attention. In the present study, in order to investigate the effects of E2 on CSCs, CSCs from the MCF7 breast cancer cell line were isolated and treated with 1, 10 and 50 nM E2. Detection of cell proliferation following E2 treatment revealed that 10 nM E2 treatment inhibited cell proliferation, whereas 50 nM E2 treatment resulted in the induction of apoptosis on CSCs. In order to further investigate the effects of E2 treatment on migration, colony formation and the self-renewal capacity of CSCs in vitro, cells were treated with 1 and 10 nM E2. As expected, compared with mock group, the self-renewal capacity of the CSCs was slightly increased by 10 nM E2 treatment, while 1 nM exhibited no observable effect. E2 treatment demonstrated different effects on the proliferation, migration, colony formation and self-renewal capacity of CSCs in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Wanzhou, Chongqing 404000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Wanzhou, Chongqing 404000, P.R. China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Wanzhou, Chongqing 404000, P.R. China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Wanzhou, Chongqing 404000, P.R. China
| | - Bangqiong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Wanzhou, Chongqing 404000, P.R. China
| | - Dongchuan Ran
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Wanzhou, Chongqing 404000, P.R. China
| | - Xianxiang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Wanzhou, Chongqing 404000, P.R. China
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Rastelli F, Crispino S. Factors Predictive of Response to Hormone Therapy in Breast Cancer. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 94:370-83. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160809400314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aims and Background Approximately half of metastatic breast cancers expressing estrogen and/or progesterone receptors responds to endocrine therapy, and postoperative adjuvant endocrine therapy provides about a 50% reduction in the development of recurrent disease. A number of publications have focused on the correlation of biomarkers, in particular estrogen and progesterone receptors and HER-2/neu status as well as different gene profiles, multigene assays and genetic polymorphisms with response to hormone therapy. The purpose of this article is to review the literature to identify biological markers predictive of response to tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors. Methods A computerized literature search through Medline and ASCO abstract databases was performed, applying the words “endocrine therapy” and “predictive markers” and each of the following: early and metastatic breast cancer, estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, HER2/neu, multigene assays, polymorphisms. The last search was updated in June 2007. In the examined literature, biological markers were retrospectively assayed to establish whether such variables were predictive for endocrine therapy efficacy. Results The role of estrogen receptor content as a predictor of response to endocrine treatment was confirmed: benefit from endocrine treatment was directly proportional to estrogen receptor levels. Progesterone receptor status was only a strong time-dependent prognostic value, and it has not yet been validated as a predictive factor of tamoxifen efficacy. Retrospective clinical data from upfront and sequential studies of aromatase inhibitors were discordant regarding the degree of benefit of these drugs over tamoxifen according to progesterone receptor status. HER-2 positivity was associated with a significantly greater risk of endocrine therapy failure in metastatic and neoadjuvant settings. The current generation of genomic assays for tamoxifen sensitivity all contain a combination of prognostic information that it is difficult to integrate into clinical practice. Conclusions Available clinical data are inconclusive to support preferential use of aromatase inhibitors over tamoxifen in progesterone-receptor-negative and HER-2-positive tumors, but it was also clear that lower estrogen receptors, lower progesterone receptors, and positive HER-2 are associated with lower responsiveness to any type of endocrine therapy. Tumors overexpressing HER-2 are endocrine resistant and they require the blockage of the HER-2 pathway in addition to estrogen deprivation. Recent molecular studies have shown that endocrine responsiveness is to a large extent influenced by estrogen-receptor-related pathways. In the future, the key to the correct tailoring of hormone therapy will probably be the ability to subtype estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Crispino
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Dipartimento Oncologico USL7, Siena, Italy
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Choudhury AR, Singh KK. Mitochondrial determinants of cancer health disparities. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 47:125-146. [PMID: 28487205 PMCID: PMC5673596 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, which are multi-functional, have been implicated in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis due to metabolic alterations in transformed cells. Mitochondria are involved in the generation of energy, cell growth and differentiation, cellular signaling, cell cycle control, and cell death. To date, the mitochondrial basis of cancer disparities is unknown. The goal of this review is to provide an understanding and a framework of mitochondrial determinants that may contribute to cancer disparities in racially different populations. Due to maternal inheritance and ethnic-based diversity, the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) contributes to inherited racial disparities. In people of African ancestry, several germline, population-specific haplotype variants in mtDNA as well as depletion of mtDNA have been linked to cancer predisposition and cancer disparities. Indeed, depletion of mtDNA and mutations in mtDNA or nuclear genome (nDNA)-encoded mitochondrial proteins lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and promote resistance to apoptosis, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and metastatic disease, all of which can contribute to cancer disparity and tumor aggressiveness related to racial disparities. Ethnic differences at the level of expression or genetic variations in nDNA encoding the mitochondrial proteome, including mitochondria-localized mtDNA replication and repair proteins, miRNA, transcription factors, kinases and phosphatases, and tumor suppressors and oncogenes may underlie susceptibility to high-risk and aggressive cancers found in African population and other ethnicities. The mitochondrial retrograde signaling that alters the expression profile of nuclear genes in response to dysfunctional mitochondria is a mechanism for tumorigenesis. In ethnic populations, differences in mitochondrial function may alter the cross talk between mitochondria and the nucleus at epigenetic and genetic levels, which can also contribute to cancer health disparities. Targeting mitochondrial determinants and mitochondrial retrograde signaling could provide a promising strategy for the development of selective anticancer therapy for dealing with cancer disparities. Further, agents that restore mitochondrial function to optimal levels should permit sensitivity to anticancer agents for the treatment of aggressive tumors that occur in racially diverse populations and hence help in reducing racial disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Departments of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Departments of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Departments of Environmental Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Center for Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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An integrative method to decode regulatory logics in gene transcription. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1044. [PMID: 29051499 PMCID: PMC5715098 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling of transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) has been increasingly used to dissect the nature of gene regulation. Inference of regulatory relationships among transcription factors (TFs) and genes, especially among multiple TFs, is still challenging. In this study, we introduced an integrative method, LogicTRN, to decode TF–TF interactions that form TF logics in regulating target genes. By combining cis-regulatory logics and transcriptional kinetics into one single model framework, LogicTRN can naturally integrate dynamic gene expression data and TF-DNA-binding signals in order to identify the TF logics and to reconstruct the underlying TRNs. We evaluated the newly developed methodology using simulation, comparison and application studies, and the results not only show their consistence with existing knowledge, but also demonstrate its ability to accurately reconstruct TRNs in biological complex systems. Existing transcriptional regulatory networks models fall short of deciphering the cooperation between multiple transcription factors on dynamic gene expression. Here the authors develop an integrative method that combines gene expression and transcription factor-DNA binding data to decode transcription regulatory logics.
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L. H. Weischenfeldt K, Kirkegaard T, Rasmussen BB, Giobbie-Hurder A, Jensen MB, Ejlertsen B, Lykkesfeldt AE. A high level of estrogen-stimulated proteins selects breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy with good prognosis. Acta Oncol 2017; 56:1161-1167. [PMID: 28488912 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2017.1324211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjuvant endocrine therapy has significantly improved survival of estrogen receptor α (ER)-positive breast cancer patients, but around 20% relapse within 10 years. High expression of ER-stimulated proteins like progesterone receptor (PR), Bcl-2 and insulin-like growth factor receptor I (IGF-IR) is a marker for estrogen-driven cell growth. Therefore, patients with high tumor levels of these proteins may have particularly good prognosis following adjuvant endocrine therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Archival tumor tissue was available from 1323 of 1396 Danish breast cancer patients enrolled in BIG 1-98, a randomized phase-III clinical trial comparing adjuvant letrozole, tamoxifen or a sequence of the two drugs. Immunohistochemical staining for ER, HER-2, PR, Bcl-2 and IGF-IR was performed and determined by Allred scoring (ER, PR and Bcl-2) or HercepTest (HER-2 and IGF-IR). RESULTS Data on all five markers were available from 969 patients with ER-positive, HER-2-negative tumors. These patients were classified in ER activity groups based on the level of PR, Bcl-2 and IGF-IR. High ER activity profile was found in 102 patients (10.5%) and compared with the remaining patients, univariate and multivariate analysis revealed HR (95% CI) and p values for disease-free survival (DFS) of 2.00 (1.20-3.22), 0.008 and 1.70 (1.01-2.84), 0.04 and for the overall survival (OS) of 2.33 (1.19-4.57), 0.01 and 1.90 (0.97-3.79), 0.06, respectively. The high ER activity profile did not disclose difference in DFS or OS according to treatment with tamoxifen or letrozole (p = .06 and .09, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Stratifying endocrine-treated patients in ER activity profile groups disclosed that patient with high ER activity profile (10.5%) had significantly longer DFS and OS, and the profile was an independent marker for DFS. High ER activity is a marker for estrogen-driven tumor growth. We suggest further analyses to disclose whether the ER activity profile or other markers associated with estrogen-driven growth may be used to identify ER-positive high-risk breast cancer patients who can be spared adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tove Kirkegaard
- Breast Cancer Group, Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark
| | | | - Anita Giobbie-Hurder
- International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maj-Britt Jensen
- Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group (DBCG), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group (DBCG), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne E. Lykkesfeldt
- Breast Cancer Group, Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Maurer C, Martel S, Zardavas D, Ignatiadis M. New agents for endocrine resistance in breast cancer. Breast 2017; 34:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Jeong J, Park S, An HT, Kang M, Ko J. Small leucine zipper protein functions as a negative regulator of estrogen receptor α in breast cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180197. [PMID: 28662179 PMCID: PMC5491147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear transcription factor estrogen receptor α (ERα) plays a critical role in breast cancer progression. ERα acts as an important growth stimulatory protein in breast cancer and the expression level of ERα is tightly related to the prognosis and treatment of patients. Small leucine zipper protein (sLZIP) functions as a transcriptional cofactor by binding to various nuclear receptors, including glucocorticoid receptor, androgen receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. However, the role of sLZIP in the regulation of ERα and its involvement in breast cancer progression is unknown. We found that sLZIP binds to ERα and represses the transcriptional activity of ERα in ERα-positive breast cancer cells. sLZIP also suppressed the expression of ERα target genes. sLZIP disrupted the binding of ERα to the estrogen response element of the target gene promoter, resulting in suppression of cell proliferation. sLZIP is a novel co-repressor of ERα, and plays a negative role in ERα-mediated cell proliferation in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Jeong
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sodam Park
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoung-Tae An
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minsoo Kang
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jesang Ko
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Oncolytic viruses: emerging options for the treatment of breast cancer. Med Oncol 2017; 34:43. [PMID: 28185165 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-0899-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer among women and is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths, following lung cancer. Severe toxicity associated with a long-term use of BC chemo- and radiotherapy makes it essential to look for newer therapeutics. Additionally, molecular heterogeneity at both intratumoral and intertumoral levels among BC subtypes is known to result in a differential response to standard therapeutics. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as one of the most promising treatment options for BC. Many preclinical and clinical studies have shown that OVs are effective in treating BC, both as a single therapeutic agent and as a part of combination therapies. Combination therapies involving multimodal therapeutics including OVs are becoming popular as they allow to achieve the synergistic therapeutic effects, while minimizing the associated toxicities. Here, we review the OVs for BC therapy in preclinical studies and in clinical trials, both as a monotherapy and as part of a combination therapy. We also briefly discuss the potential therapeutic targets for BC, as these are likely to be critical for the development of new OVs.
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Kalam A, Talegaonkar S, Vohora D. Effects of raloxifene against letrozole-induced bone loss in chemically-induced model of menopause in mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 440:34-43. [PMID: 27832985 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The deleterious effects of letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, used in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer in postmenopausal women, on bone are well-documented and represent a major drawback to its clinical use. Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator and a clinically approved anti-osteoporotic drug, has been recently demonstrated to be efficacious in women with breast cancer. The present study evaluated the effects of preventive and curative treatment with raloxifene on letrozole-induced alterations of bone microarchitecture and turnover markers in a chemically-induced menopause model in mice. METHOD Swiss strain albino female mice were made menopausal by inducing ovotoxicity using vinyl cyclohexene di epoxide (VCD, 160 mg/kg for 15 days followed by 30 days drug-free period) confirmed by ovarian histology and serum estradiol levels. Effects on femoral and lumbar bones were evaluated by micro CT determination of bone volume, trabecular number, separation, thickness, connective density and trabecular pattern factor and bone turnover markers including ALP, TRAP5b, hydroxyproline and RANKL. In addition to these, markers of Wnt signaling (sclerostin and dickkopf-1) were also evaluated. To rule out the involvement of pharmacokinetic interaction, plasma levels of letrozole and raloxifene were measured following drugs alone and in combination. RESULTS Though bone loss was observed in VCD treated mice (as indicated by micro CT measurements), it was further enhanced with letrozole administration (1 mg/kg) for one month particularly in epiphysis of femoral bones. Raloxifene (15 mg/kg), whether administered concurrently or post-letrozole was able to revert the structural alterations and changes in turnover markers caused by letrozole to varying degrees (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001). Further, estrogen deficiency following letrozole treatment in ovotoxic mice was associated with significant increase in sclerostin and dickkopf-1 in both lumbar and femur bones (p < 0.001) which was attenuated with preventive and curative treatment with raloxifene (p < 0.05). The plasma levels of letrozole remained unaffected by raloxifene administration and vice versa. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates the potential of raloxifene in preventing and attenuating letrozole-induced bone loss. Further, these effects were found to be independent of a pharmacokinetic interaction between the two drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Kalam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sushama Talegaonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India.
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Rugo HS, Vidula N, Ma C. Improving Response to Hormone Therapy in Breast Cancer: New Targets, New Therapeutic Options. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2017; 35:e40-54. [PMID: 27249746 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_159198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The majority of breast cancer expresses the estrogen and or progesterone receptors (ER and PR). In tumors without concomitant HER2 amplification, hormone therapy is a major treatment option for all disease stages. Resistance to hormonal therapy is associated with disease recurrence and progression. Recent studies have identified a number of resistance mechanisms leading to estrogen-independent growth of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer as a result of genetic and epigenetic alterations, which could be exploited as novel therapeutic targets. These include acquired mutations in ER-alpha (ESR1) in response to endocrine deprivation; constitutive activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4 and 6; cross talk between ER and growth factor receptor signaling such as HER family members, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathways, intracellular growth, and survival signals PI3K/Akt/mTOR; and epigenetic modifications by histone deacetylase (HDAC) as well as interactions with tumor microenvironment and host immune response. Inhibitors of these pathways are being developed to improve efficacy of hormonal therapy for treatment of both metastatic and early-stage disease. Two agents are currently approved in the United States for the treatment of metastatic HR+ breast cancer, including the mTOR inhibitor everolimus and the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib. Management of toxicity is a critical aspect of treatment; the primary toxicity of everolimus is stomatitis (treated with topical steroids) and of palbociclib is neutropenia (treated with dose reduction/delay). Many agents are in clinical trials, primarily in combination with hormone therapy; novel combinations are under active investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope S Rugo
- From the UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; University of San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Neelima Vidula
- From the UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; University of San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Cynthia Ma
- From the UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; University of San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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Palmisano BT, Zhu L, Stafford JM. Role of Estrogens in the Regulation of Liver Lipid Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1043:227-256. [PMID: 29224098 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Before menopause, women are protected from atherosclerotic heart disease associated with obesity relative to men. Sex hormones have been proposed as a mechanism that differentiates this risk. In this review, we discuss the literature around how the endogenous sex hormones and hormone treatment approaches after menopause regulate fatty acid, triglyceride, and cholesterol metabolism to influence cardiovascular risk.The important regulatory functions of estrogen signaling pathways with regard to lipid metabolism have been in part obscured by clinical trials with hormone treatment of women after menopause, due to different formulations, routes of delivery, and pairings with progestins. Oral hormone treatment with several estrogen preparations increases VLDL triglyceride production. Progestins oppose this effect by stimulating VLDL clearance in both humans and animals. Transdermal estradiol preparations do not increase VLDL production or serum triglycerides.Many aspects of sex differences in atherosclerotic heart disease risk are influenced by the distributed actions of estrogens in the muscle, adipose, and liver. In humans, 17β-estradiol (E2) is the predominant circulating estrogen and signals through estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), and G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). Over 1000 human liver genes display a sex bias in their expression, and the top biological pathways are in lipid metabolism and genes related to cardiovascular disease. Many of these genes display variation depending on estrus cycling in the mouse. Future directions will likely rely on targeting estrogens to specific tissues or specific aspects of the signaling pathways in order to recapitulate the protective physiology of premenopause therapeutically after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Palmisano
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lin Zhu
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John M Stafford
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Radhi S. Molecular Changes During Breast Cancer and Mechanisms of Endocrine Therapy Resistance. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 144:539-562. [PMID: 27865467 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ERs) are expressed in 75% of breast cancers. ERs and their estrogen ligands play a key role in the development and progression of breast cancer. ERs have a genomic activity involving direct modulation of expression of genes vital to cell growth and survival by their classic nuclear receptors. The nongenomic activity is mediated by membrane receptor tyrosine kinases that activate signaling pathways resulting in activation of ER pathway modulators. Endocrine therapies inhibit the growth promoting activity of estrogen. ERs-positive breast cancers can exhibit de novo or acquired endocrine resistance. The mechanisms of endocrine therapy resistance are complex include deregulation of ER pathway, growth factor receptor signaling, cell cycle machinery, and tumor microenvironment. In this chapter, we will review the literature on the biology of ERs, the postulated mechanisms of endocrine therapy resistance, and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Radhi
- Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.
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Lousberg L, Collignon J, Jerusalem G. Resistance to therapy in estrogen receptor positive and human epidermal growth factor 2 positive breast cancers: progress with latest therapeutic strategies. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2016; 8:429-449. [PMID: 27800032 DOI: 10.1177/1758834016665077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we focus on the subtype of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC). Preclinical and clinical data indicate a complex molecular bidirectional crosstalk between the ER and HER2 pathways. This crosstalk probably constitutes one of the key mechanisms of drug resistance in this subclass of BC. Delaying or even reversing drug resistance seems possible by targeting pathways implicated in this crosstalk. High-risk patients currently receive anti-HER2 therapy, chemotherapy and endocrine therapy in the adjuvant setting. In metastatic cases, most patients receive a combination of anti-HER2 therapy and chemotherapy. Only selected patients presenting more indolent disease are candidates for combinations of anti-HER2 therapy and endocrine therapy. However, relative improvements in progression-free survival by chemotherapy-based regimens are usually lower in ER-positive patients than the ER-negative and HER2-positive subgroup. Consequently, new approaches aiming to overcome endocrine therapy resistance by adding targeted therapies to endocrine therapy based regimens are currently explored. In addition, dual blockade of HER2 or the combination of trastuzumab and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOP) inhibitors targeting the downstream pathway are strategies to overcome resistance to trastuzumab. This may lead in the near future to the less frequent use of chemotherapy-based treatment options in ER-positive, HER2-positive BC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guy Jerusalem
- CHU Liege and Liege University, Place du 20 Août 7, Liege, Belgium
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Tabarestani S, Motallebi M, Akbari ME. Are Estrogen Receptor Genomic Aberrations Predictive of Hormone Therapy Response in Breast Cancer? IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION 2016; 9:e6565. [PMID: 27761212 PMCID: PMC5056018 DOI: 10.17795/ijcp-6565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer constitutes the majority of these cancers. Hormone therapy has significantly improved clinical outcomes for early- and late-stage hormone receptor positive breast cancer. Although most patients with early stage breast cancer are treated with curative intent, approximately 20% - 30% of patients eventually experience a recurrence. During the last two decades, there have been tremendous efforts to understand the biological mechanisms of hormone therapy resistance, with the ultimate goal of implementing new therapeutic strategies to improve the current treatments for ER positive breast cancer. Several mechanisms of hormone therapy resistance have been proposed, including genetic alterations that lead to altered ER expression or ERs with changed protein sequence. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A Pubmed search was performed utilizing various related terms. Articles over the past 20 years were analyzed and selected for review. RESULTS On the basis of published studies, the frequencies of ESR1 (the gene encoding ER) mutations in ER positive metastatic breast cancer range from 11% to 55%. Future larger prospective studies with standardized mutation detection methods may be necessary to determine the true incidence of ESR1 mutations. ESR1 amplification in breast cancer remains a controversial issue, with numerous studies either confirmed or challenged the reports of ESR1 amplification. The combination of intra-tumor heterogeneity regarding ESR1 copy number alterations and low level ESR1 copy number increase may account for these discrepancies. CONCLUSIONS While numerous unknown issues on the role of ESR1 mutations in advanced breast cancer remain, these new findings will certainly deepen current knowledge on molecular evolution of breast cancer and acquired resistance to hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Tabarestani
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti Univeristy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Marzieh Motallebi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti Univeristy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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