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Sahu M, Kamakshi, Sahoo J, Swain SR, Chauhan M, Goyal R, Gupta S, Kaur K. Phytochemical investigation and characterisation of methanolic extract of Glycine max seeds using LCMS/MS and in silico studies for wound healing activity. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2024; 59:e5045. [PMID: 38837562 DOI: 10.1002/jms.5045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Soybean is scientifically known as Glycine max. It belongs to the Fabaceae family. It consists of a lot of bioactive phytochemicals like saponin, phenolic acid, flavonoid, sphingolipids and phytosterols. It also owns excellent immune-active effects in the physiological system. Soy and its phytochemicals have been found to have pharmacological properties that include anticancer, antioxidant, anti-hypercholesterolaemic, anti-diabetic, oestrogenic, anti-hyperlipidaemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-hypertensive, anti-mutagenic, immunomodulatory, anti-osteoporotic, antiviral, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, goitrogenic anti-skin ageing, wound healing, neuroprotective and anti-photoageing activities. Present study has been designed to set standard pharmacognostical extraction method, complexation of compounds, qualitative evaluation through phytochemical screening, identification by TLC, physicochemical properties, solubility profile, total phenolic, flavonoid content as well as analytical evaluation or characterisation like UV and FT-IR of methanolic extract of G. max. The final observations like physicochemical properties such as total ash value, LOD and pH were recorded. Phytochemical screenings show the presence of flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, carbohydrate, tannins, protein, gums and mucilage, fixed oils and fats. The results were found significant. Further in silico studies proved creatinine and euparin to be potent wound healing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusmita Sahu
- Department of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (Delhi-NCR Campus), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kamakshi
- Department of Biology (Faculty of Science and Humanities), SRM Institute of Science and Technology (Delhi-NCR Campus), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jyotirmaya Sahoo
- School of Pharmacy, Arkajain University, Gamharia, Jharkhand, India
| | | | - Manisha Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology (MIET), Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Riya Goyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology (MIET), Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sakshi Gupta
- MIT College of Pharmacy, MIT Campus, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Komalpreet Kaur
- MIT College of Pharmacy, MIT Campus, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kim Y, Kim HW, Sung J, Kim Y. Optimal extraction conditions and quantification of lignan phytoestrogens in cereal grains using targeted LC-MS/MS. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1409309. [PMID: 38933882 PMCID: PMC11201688 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1409309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignans are phytoestrogens found in various forms such as glycosides, ester-linked oligomers, and aglycones in a variety of foods, including soy products, legumes, grains, nuts, vegetables, and fruits. This study aimed to optimize the extraction of lignans from cereal grains using response surface methodology (RSM). Lignans, including secoisolariciresinol (Seco), matairesinol (Mat), pinoresinol (Pin), lariciresinol (Lar), and syringaresinol (Syr), were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A Box-Behnken design was employed to determine the optimal values for three extraction parameters: temperature (X1: 20°C-60°C), methanol concentration (X2: 60%-100%), and extraction time (X3: 30-90 min). The highest lignan contents were obtained at X1 = 44.24°C, X2 = 84.64%, and X3 = 53.63 min. To apply these experimental conditions to the actual experiment, the optimal conditions were slightly adjusted to X1 = 40°C, X2 = 80%, and X3 = 60 min. The predicted results closely matched the experimental results obtained using the modified optimal extraction conditions. The highest lignan content found in barley sprouts (85.930 μg/100 g), however, most grains exhibited relatively low concentrations of lignans. These findings provide valuable insights into the lignan content of grains and contribute to the generation of reliable data in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Woong Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehye Sung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwa Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Food and Life Science Research Institute, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Muñoz E, Fuentes F, Felmer R, Arias ME, Yeste M. Effects of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species on Male Fertility. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:802-836. [PMID: 38019089 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Significance: In recent decades, male fertility has been severely reduced worldwide. The causes underlying this decline are multifactorial, and include, among others, genetic alterations, changes in the microbiome, and the impact of environmental pollutants. Such factors can dysregulate the physiological levels of reactive species of oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) in the patient, generating oxidative and nitrosative stress that impairs fertility. Recent Advances: Recent studies have delved into other factors involved in the dysregulation of ROS and RNS levels, such as diet, obesity, persistent infections, environmental pollutants, and gut microbiota, thus leading to new strategies to solve male fertility problems, such as consuming prebiotics to regulate gut flora or treating psychological conditions. Critical Issues: The pathways where ROS or RNS may be involved as modulators are still under investigation. Moreover, the extent to which treatments can rescue male infertility as well as whether they may have side effects remains, in most cases, to be elucidated. For example, it is known that prescription of antioxidants to treat nitrosative stress can alter sperm chromatin condensation, which makes DNA more exposed to ROS and RNS, and may thus affect fertilization and early embryo development. Future Directions: The involvement of extracellular vesicles, which might play a crucial role in cell communication during spermatogenesis and epididymal maturation, and the relevance of other factors such as sperm epigenetic signatures should be envisaged in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Muñoz
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Doctoral Program in Sciences, Major in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Fernanda Fuentes
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Doctoral Program in Sciences, Major in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ricardo Felmer
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - María Elena Arias
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Department of Agricultural Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Marc Yeste
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Jarošová M, Lorenc F, Bedrníček J, Petrášková E, Bjelková M, Bártová V, Jarošová E, Zdráhal Z, Kyselka J, Smetana P, Kadlec J, Stupková A, Bárta J. Comparison of Yield Characteristics, Chemical Composition, Lignans Content and Antioxidant Potential of Experimentally Grown Six Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Cultivars. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 79:159-165. [PMID: 38236453 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Linseed represents a rich source of nutritional, functional and health-beneficial compounds. Nevertheless, the chemical composition and content of bioactive compounds may be quite variable and potentially affected by various factors, including genotype and the environment. In this study, the proximate chemical composition, lignans content and antioxidant potential of six experimentally grown linseed cultivars were assessed and compared. A diagonal cultivation trial in the University of South Bohemia Experimental Station in České Budějovice, Czech Republic, was established in three subsequent growing seasons (2018, 2019 and 2020). The results showed that the cultivar and growing conditions influenced most studied parameters. The lack of precipitation in May and June 2019 negatively affected the seed yield and the level of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside but did not decrease the crude protein content, which was negatively related to the oil content. The newly developed method for lignans analysis allowed the identification and quantification of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside and matairesinol. Their content correlated positively with the total polyphenol content and antioxidant assays (DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity), indicating the significant contribution to the biofunctional properties of linseed. On the other hand, we did not detect minor linseed lignans, pinoresinol and lariciresinol. The results of this study showed the importance of cultivar and growing conditions factors on the linseed chemical composition and the lignans content, determining its nutritional and medicinal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Jarošová
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách 1780, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - František Lorenc
- Department of Food Biotechnologies and Agricultural Products' Quality, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská, České Budějovice, 1668, 370 05, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Bedrníček
- Department of Food Biotechnologies and Agricultural Products' Quality, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská, České Budějovice, 1668, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Petrášková
- Department of Food Biotechnologies and Agricultural Products' Quality, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská, České Budějovice, 1668, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Bjelková
- Department of Legumes and Technical Crops, Agritec Plant Research, Ltd. Zemědělská 2520, Šumperk, 787 01, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Bártová
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách 1780, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Jarošová
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách 1780, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Mendel Centre of Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kyselka
- Department of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology Prague, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Smetana
- Department of Food Biotechnologies and Agricultural Products' Quality, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská, České Budějovice, 1668, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Kadlec
- Department of Food Biotechnologies and Agricultural Products' Quality, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská, České Budějovice, 1668, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Stupková
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách 1780, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bárta
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách 1780, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
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Wu D, Thompson LU, Comelli EM. Cecal microbiota and mammary gland microRNA signatures are related and modifiable by dietary flaxseed with implications for breast cancer risk. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0229023. [PMID: 38059614 PMCID: PMC10783090 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02290-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. There is a growing interest in using dietary approaches, including flaxseed (FS) and its oil and lignan components, to mitigate breast cancer risk. Importantly, there is recognition that pubertal processes and lifestyle, including diet, are important for breast health throughout life. Mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Our research uncovers a link between mammary gland miRNA expression and the gut microbiota in young female mice. We found that this relationship is modifiable via a dietary intervention. Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we also show that the expression of miRNAs involved in these relationships is altered in breast cancer in humans. These findings highlight a role for the gut microbiome as a modulator, and thus a target, of interventions aiming at reducing breast cancer risk. They also provide foundational knowledge to explore the effects of early life interventions and mechanisms programming breast health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Wu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lilian U. Thompson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elena M. Comelli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Canada
- Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Ma X, Luo L, Karrar E, Zhang L, Li J. Comparative Study on the Absorption and Metabolism of Pinoresinol and Pinoresinol-4-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300536. [PMID: 37891711 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Lignans are a group of phenolic compounds commonly found in plants, often in the form of glycosides. This study investigates the differences in the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of lignans and their glucosides using pinoresinol (PIN) and pinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (PMG). METHODS AND RESULTS After oral administration mice PIN and PMG with a dose of 0.1 µmol kg-1 . The results showed that the stomach and small intestine rapidly absorbe PIN and PMG in their prototype form. After oral administration of 0.25 h, serum levels of PIN and PMG reach peak values of 61.14 and 52.97 ng mL-1 , respectively. This indicates a faster PIN absorption rate than PMG, likely due to the glycosides attach to the parent compound, with concentrations of 1574.14 and 876.75 ng g-1 , respectively. Pharmacokinetic analysis reveals that PIN has a greater area under the curve and a longer half-life than PMG in serum and liver. Moreover, mice in the PIN group exhibit higher metabolite levels in the serum and liver compared to those in the PMG group. CONCLUSION The deglycosylation process that occurs during the pickling of white radish facilitates the absorption and metabolism of the lignans fraction in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Ma
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Lianzhong Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Marine Biopharmaceutical Resource, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Emad Karrar
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
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7
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Li J, Ma X, Luo L, Tang D, Zhang L. The What and Who of Dietary Lignans in Human Health: Special Attention to Estrogen Effects and Safety Evaluation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16419-16434. [PMID: 37870451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Lignans are a group of phenolic compounds found in plant-based diets. The human body can obtain lignans through diet, which are then metabolized into enterolignans. The enterolignans have been linked to several health benefits, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects, and estrogen effects. This review explores the relationship between the estrogenic effects of lignans and health. This review not only considers the estrogen-like activity of lignans but also discusses the safe dosage of lignans at different life stages. In addition, this review also identified other types of bioactive compounds that can act synergistically with lignans to promote health. Studies have shown that lignan administration during pregnancy and lactation reduces the risk of breast cancer in offspring. Further studies are needed to investigate the estrogenic safety effects of lignan on pregnant women and children. Whether lignans combine with other nutrients in complex food substrates to produce synergistic effects remains to be investigated. This review provides a basis for future studies on the safe dose of lignan and recommended dietary intake of lignan. We believe that the acquired as discussed here has implications for developing dietary therapies that can promote host nutrition and modulate estrogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ma
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lianzhong Luo
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Medicinal Natural Products Resources, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Danqing Tang
- The School of Foreign Languages of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
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Sievert LL, Sharmeen T, Begum K, Muttukrishna S, Chowdhury O, Bentley GR. Frequency of Phytoestrogen Consumption and Symptoms at Midlife among Bangladeshis in Bangladesh and London. Nutrients 2023; 15:3676. [PMID: 37686708 PMCID: PMC10490262 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a longstanding interest in the relationship between diet and hot flash symptoms during midlife, especially in whether phytoestrogens ease menopausal symptoms. The purpose of this study was to examine hot flashes, night sweats, trouble sleeping, and vaginal dryness in relation to the intake of foods rich in phytoestrogens among Bangladeshi women aged 35 to 59 years who were living either in Sylhet, Bangladesh (n = 157) or as migrants in London (n = 174). Consumption ranges for phytoestrogens were constructed from food frequencies. We hypothesized that diets rich in isoflavones, lignans, and coumestrol would be associated with lower symptom frequencies. However, adjusted logistic regression results showed that with each incremental increase in general phytoestrogen consumption (scale of 0 to 10), the likelihood of hot flashes increased by 1.4%. Each incremental increase in lignan consumption raised the likelihood of hot flashes by 1.6%. In contrast, the odds of vaginal dryness decreased by 2%, with each incremental increase in phytoestrogen and lignan consumption, and by 4%, with each incremental increase in isoflavone consumption. Night sweats and trouble sleeping were not associated with phytoestrogen intake in logistic regressions. Our findings add to the conflicting data on relationships between phytoestrogens and symptoms associated with menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taniya Sharmeen
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Khurshida Begum
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Shanthi Muttukrishna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College Cork, T12 E7WX Cork, Ireland
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Vingrys K, Mathai ML, Apostolopoulos V, Bassett JK, de Courten M, Stojanovska L, Millar L, Giles GG, Milne RL, Hodge AM, McAinch AJ. Estimated dietary intake of polyphenols from cereal foods and associated lifestyle and demographic factors in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8556. [PMID: 37237174 PMCID: PMC10220042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereal foods are consumed globally and are important sources of polyphenols with potential health benefits, yet dietary intakes are unclear. We aimed to calculate the dietary intakes of polyphenols from cereal foods in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS), and describe intakes by demographic and lifestyle factors. We estimated intakes of alkylresorcinols, lignans and phenolic acids in n = 39,892 eligible MCCS participants, using baseline dietary data (1990-1994) from a 121-item FFQ containing 17 cereal foods, matched to a polyphenol database developed from published literature and Phenol-Explorer Database. Intakes were estimated within groups according to lifestyle and demographic factors. The median (25th-75th percentile) intake of total polyphenols from cereal foods was 86.9 mg/day (51.4-155.8). The most consumed compounds were phenolic acids, with a median intake of 67.1 mg (39.5-118.8), followed by alkylresorcinols of 19.7 mg (10.8-34.6). Lignans made the smallest contribution of 0.50 mg (0.13-0.87). Higher polyphenol intakes were associated with higher relative socio-economic advantage and prudent lifestyles, including lower body mass index (BMI), non-smoking and higher physical activity scores. The findings based on polyphenol data specifically matched to the FFQ provide new information on intakes of cereal polyphenols, and how they might vary according to lifestyle and demographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Vingrys
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia.
- VU First Year College ®, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia.
| | - Michael L Mathai
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | - Julie K Bassett
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Maximilian de Courten
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
- Mitchell Institute for Education and Health Policy, Victoria University, 300 Queen St, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Lynne Millar
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Allison M Hodge
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
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Alasalvar C, Chang SK, Kris-Etherton PM, Sullivan VK, Petersen KS, Guasch-Ferré M, Jenkins DJA. Dried Fruits: Bioactives, Effects on Gut Microbiota, and Possible Health Benefits—An Update. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071611. [PMID: 37049451 PMCID: PMC10097306 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dried fruits contain many bioactive compounds broadly classified as phytochemicals including phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, proanthocyanidins, stilbenes, chalcones/dihydrochalcones, and phytoestrogens. These compounds have antioxidant effects that may benefit health. Dried fruits are also a diverse group of foods with varying fibre contents. The evaluation of the biological activity of these bioactive compounds, including their bioaccessibility and bioavailability, may contribute to the understanding of the health effects of dried fruits. Limited evidence suggests that dried fruits (raisins, cranberries, dates, and prunes) affect human gut microbiota composition in a potentially beneficial manner (in terms of effects on Bifidobacteria, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lactobacillus, Ruminococcaceae, Klebsiella spp., and Prevotella spp.). There is little epidemiological evidence about the association of dried fruit consumption with cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality, as well as the risk of type 2 diabetes or obesity. Clinical trial evidence for the effects of dried fruit consumption on cardiovascular risk factors, including glycaemic control, is mixed. Clinical trial evidence suggests prunes might preserve bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Consumption of dried fruits is associated with higher-quality diets. Studies are needed to increase our understanding of the health effects of dried fruits and the underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesarettin Alasalvar
- Life Sciences, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze 41470, Türkiye
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-262-677-3200
| | - Sui Kiat Chang
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia
| | | | - Valerie K. Sullivan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kristina S. Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Public Health and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1356 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David J. A. Jenkins
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences and Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
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11
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Validation of ELISAs for Isoflavones and Enterolactone for Phytoestrogen Intake Assessment in the French Population. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040967. [PMID: 36839324 PMCID: PMC9967075 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are dietary compounds with low estrogenic activity. The two main categories in the French diet are isoflavones from pulses and enterolignans metabolized by the gut flora from various lignans found in fruits, vegetables, grains, and beverages. Isoflavones and lignans have different effects on human physiology and can antagonize each other. Comprehensive lists of phytoestrogen sources were constructed based on measurements and literature data. The 24 h and 48 h dietary recalls were proposed to the volunteers of the ISOLED cohort (NCT03421184). Urine and plasma samples from these volunteers were assayed for genistein, daidzein, equol, and enterolactone. A dietary score was constructed considering the pharmacokinetic characteristics of these compounds. Correlation analyses were applied to fluid concentrations associated with dietary scores. Pearson correlations reached 0.921 (p < 0.001) for urineIF, 0.900 (p < 0.001) for plasmaIF, 0.764 (p < 0.001) for urineENL, and 0.723 (p < 0.001) for plasmaENL. ELISAs associated with careful intake assessments proved to be good tools for phytoestrogens' exposure estimation.
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12
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Mauny A, Faure S, Derbré S. Phytoestrogens and Breast Cancer: Should French Recommendations Evolve? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246163. [PMID: 36551648 PMCID: PMC9776930 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) occurs less frequently in Asia, where there is high soy consumption. It has been hypothesized that soy isoflavones could be protective against BC recurrence and mortality. At the same time, health organizations in several countries have differing recommendations for soy consumption (soy foods or dietary supplements) in BC survivors. The objective of this review is to analyze the literature and to determine whether it is justified to advise avoiding soy in dietary supplements and/or food in women with a history of BC. We conducted a systematic literature search with the Medline/Pubmed and Web of Science databases. Only prospective cohort studies published since 2009 were retained. The endpoint of studies was BC recurrence and/or mortality, and the association with soy isoflavone intake was specifically targeted. Seven studies were included. None of these studies found statistically significant adverse effects of soy consumption on BC recurrence or mortality (specific or all-cause). Overall, only one study was not able to find beneficial effects of soy intake on BC patients. The other studies concluded that there were positive associations but in very variable ways. Two studies found a decrease in BC recurrence associated with a higher isoflavone intake only for post-menopausal women. The other four studies concluded that there were positive associations regardless of menopausal status. Four studies showed better results on women with hormonal-sensitive cancer and/or patients receiving hormonal treatment. Only one found a stronger association for patients with ER-negative BC. No adverse effects of soy isoflavones on BC mortality/recurrence were found. Soy isoflavones may exert beneficial effects. These results coincide with other recent works and suggest that soy isoflavone intake is safe for BC survivors. Thus, these data no longer seem to coincide with the French recommendations, which could then be brought to evolve. However, in order to confirm the current results, larger studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Mauny
- Department Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Sébastien Faure
- Department Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
- Inserm, CNRS, MINT, SFR ICAT, University of Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (S.D.); Tel.: +33-(0)241-226-740 (S.F.); +33-(0)249-180-440 (S.D.)
| | - Séverine Derbré
- Department Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
- SONAS, SFR QUASAV, University of Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (S.D.); Tel.: +33-(0)241-226-740 (S.F.); +33-(0)249-180-440 (S.D.)
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13
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Hu Y, Tse TJ, Shim YY, Purdy SK, Kim YJ, Meda V, Reaney MJT. A review of flaxseed lignan and the extraction and refinement of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5057-5072. [PMID: 36448088 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2148627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Lignan is a class of diphenolic compounds that arise from the condensation of two phenylpropanoid moieties. Oilseed and cereal crops (e.g., flaxseed, sesame seed, wheat, barley, oats, rye, etc.) are major sources of plant lignan. Methods for commercial isolation of the lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) are not well reported, as most publications describing the detection, extraction, and enrichment of SDG use methods that have not been optimized for commercial scale lignan recovery. Simply scaling up laboratory methods would require expensive infrastructure to achieve a marketable yield and reproducible product quality. Therefore, establishing standard protocols to produce SDG and its derivatives on an industrial scale is critical to decrease lignan cost and increase market opportunities. This review summarizes the human health benefits of flaxseed lignan consumption, lignan physicochemical properties, and mammalian lignan metabolism, and describes methods for detecting, extracting, and enriching flaxseed lignan. Refining and optimization of these methods could lead to the development of inexpensive lignan sources for application as an ingredient in medicines, dietary supplements, and other healthy ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Timothy J Tse
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Youn Young Shim
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sarah K Purdy
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Venkatesh Meda
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Martin J T Reaney
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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14
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Shim YY, Kim JH, Cho JY, Reaney MJT. Health benefits of flaxseed and its peptides (linusorbs). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1845-1864. [PMID: 36193986 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2119363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) has been associated with numerous health benefits. The flax plant synthesizes an array of biologically active compounds including peptides or linusorbs (LOs, a.k.a., cyclolinopeptides), lignans, soluble dietary fiber and omega-3 fatty acids. The LOs arise from post-translational modification of four or more ribosome-derived precursors. These compounds exhibit an array of biological activities, including suppression of T-cell proliferation, excessive inflammation, and osteoclast replication as well as induction of apoptosis in some cancer cell lines. The mechanisms of LO action are only now being elucidated but these compounds might interact with other active compounds in flaxseed and contribute to biological activity attributed to other flax compounds. This review focuses on both the biological interaction of LOs with proteins and other molecules and comprehensive knowledge of LO pharmacological and biological properties. The physicochemical and nutraceutical properties of LOs, as well as the biological effects of certain LOs, and their underlying mechanisms of action, are reviewed. Finally, strategies for producing LOs by either peptide synthesis or recombinant organisms are presented. This review will be the first to describe LOs as a versatile scaffold for the action of compounds to deliver physiochemically/biologically active molecules for developing novel nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Young Shim
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Prairie Tide Diversified Inc, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Martin J T Reaney
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Prairie Tide Diversified Inc, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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15
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Plaha NS, Awasthi S, Sharma A, Kaushik N. Distribution, biosynthesis and therapeutic potential of lignans. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:255. [PMID: 36065422 PMCID: PMC9440181 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignans have long been known for their abundant therapeutic properties due to their polyphenolic structure. Linseed is the richest plant source of lignans and has been studied widely for their properties. The most prevalent lignan, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), is consumed with linseed and converted into mammalian lignans, enterodiol (END) and enterolactone (ENL), by the gut microbiota. SDG can easily be assessed using HPLC and its deglycosylated form viz secoisolariciresinol can be asses using GC-MS techniques. Variety of extraction and analysis methods has been reported for plant lignans. SDG is known to have therapeutic properties including anti-oxidant, anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory, modulation of gene expression, anti-diabetic, estrogenic and anti-estrogenic. Despite a large number of bioactivities, strong evidences for the underlying mechanisms for most of the properties are still unknown. SDG is most studied for its anti-cancerous properties. But the use of lignans as anti-carcinogenic agent is limited and commercially not reported due to challenges of purification at commercial level, rapid metabolism, untargeted delivery and toxic compounds associated with lignans. Exploration of more prominent and active derivatives of SDG and their targeted drug delivery should be an important research toward the use of bioactive lignans of linseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Singh Plaha
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP India
| | - Sumegha Awasthi
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP India
| | - Ayushi Sharma
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP India
| | - Nutan Kaushik
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP India
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16
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Patyra A, Kołtun-Jasion M, Jakubiak O, Kiss AK. Extraction Techniques and Analytical Methods for Isolation and Characterization of Lignans. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172323. [PMID: 36079704 PMCID: PMC9460740 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lignans are a group of natural polyphenols present in medicinal plants and in plants which are a part of the human diet for which more and more pharmacological activities, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and cytoprotective, are being reported. However, it is their cytotoxic activities that are best understood and which have shed light on this group. Two anticancer drugs, etoposide, and teniposide, were derived from a potent cytotoxic agent—podophyllotoxin from the roots of Podophyllum peltatum. The evidence from clinical and observational studies suggests that human microbiota metabolites (enterolactone, enterodiol) of dietary lignans (secoisolariciresinol, pinoresinol, lariciresinol, matairesinol, syringaresinol, medioresinol, and sesamin) are associated with a reduced risk of some hormone-dependent cancers. The biological in vitro, pharmacological in vivo investigations, and clinical studies demand significant amounts of pure compounds, as well as the use of well-defined and standardized extracts. That is why proper extract preparation, optimization of lignan extraction, and identification are crucial steps in the development of lignan use in medicine. This review focuses on lignan extraction, purification, fractionation, separation, and isolation methods, as well as on chromatographic, spectrometric, and spectroscopic techniques for their qualitative and quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Patyra
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.K.K.); Tel.: +48-662-11-77-90 (A.P.); +48-511-13-98-03 (A.K.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Kołtun-Jasion
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oktawia Jakubiak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Karolina Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.K.K.); Tel.: +48-662-11-77-90 (A.P.); +48-511-13-98-03 (A.K.K.)
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17
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Avula B, Bae JY, Chittiboyina AG, Wang YH, Wang M, Zhao J, Ali Z, Brinckmann JA, Li J, Wu C, Khan IA. Chemometric analysis and chemical characterization for the botanical identification of Glycyrrhiza species (G. glabra, G. uralensis, G. inflata, G. echinata and G. lepidota) using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-QToF). J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Effect of Date Fruit Consumption on the Glycemic Control of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173491. [PMID: 36079749 PMCID: PMC9458144 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Date fruit has been reported to have benefits in type 2 diabetes (T2D), though there is a concern, given the high sugar content, about its effects on glycemic control. Design and Setting. Prospective, interventional, randomized, parallel study. Participants. In total, 79 patients with T2D (39 male and 40 female). Intervention. Participants were randomly allocated to either 60 g date fruit or 60 g raisins daily of the equivalent glycemic index (amount split, given as midmorning and midafternoon snack) for 12 weeks. Main Outcome Measures. The primary outcome was to investigate the effect of date fruit on HbA1c and fasting blood glucose, and their variability, in patients with T2D in comparison to the same glycemic load of raisins. The secondary outcomes were to determine whether date fruit affected cardiovascular risk by measuring fasting lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP), blood pressure, and insulin resistance (IR) as measured by Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA-IR). Results. In total, 61 (27 female and 34 male) of 79 patients completed the study. There was no difference between or within groups for HbA1c or HbA1c variability, fasting glucose or glucose variability, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S), beta cell function (HOMA-B), the disposition index, lipids, systolic (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP), or C-reactive protein (CRP) (p > 0.05). Conclusion. No improvement in glycemic indices was seen following supplementation of 60 g daily date fruit or raisins, though neither had a deleterious effect on glycemic control over a 12-week period, indicating their safety when consumed in T2D. Additionally, no beneficial therapeutic effects of date fruit on other cardiovascular indices in T2D were seen.
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19
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Yang H, Li T, Cao W. Optimizing pre-treatment of alkaline hydrolysis RP-HPLC for enhancing accuracy of soy isoflavone determination. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1207:123382. [PMID: 35878432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Isoflavones (IFs) are important bioactive compounds which offers several benefits to human health. Despite the importance of IFs content, there are still some deficiencies in the existing methods. The objective of this study is to optimize key parameters of alkaline hydrolysis method for enhancing both reliability and accuracy of quantitative analysis of IFs contents in soybeans and soy protein products. Solvent type, extraction temperature, heating mode, alkaline concentration, hydrolysis temperature, hydrolysis time and some details are key points to target analytes which yield determining parameters. The biggest IFs content was obtained by extraction using methanol (MeOH)/water (80:20, v/v) in a 75 ℃ oven for 2 h, and hydrolyzation with 3 M NaOH solution at a room temperature for 10 mins. The total IFs content obtained by the improved method has increased by 16.4% compared with AOAC Official Method 2001.10. The accuracy of the method was evaluated using the relative standard deviation (RSD). Intraday accuracies in the total amount of isoflavones of four samples were 0.03%-0.63% (n = 3). Interday accuracy in the total amount of isoflavones was 2.71% (n = 6). LOD of IFs ranged from 0.1μg/mL for aglycones to 0.2μg/mL for glucosides. LOQ of IFs ranged from 0.3μg/mL for aglycones to 0.5μg/mL for glucosides. The improved method was proven to be a more accurate way to determine IFs contents in soybeans and soy protein products and thus making it useful for quality control and systematic in-depth study of soybeans and soy products; even to further assess the dietary soy exposure and the soy-health association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd. Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Tong Li
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd. Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Wenming Cao
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd. Shanghai 200137, China.
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20
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Lesser C, Mericq V, Reyes M, Garmendia ML, Shepherd JA, Michels KB, Corvalán C, Pereira A. Habitual Phytoestrogen Intake Is Associated with Breast Composition in Girls at 2 Years after Menarche Onset. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:1334-1340. [PMID: 35477112 PMCID: PMC9250624 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High phytoestrogen intake during adolescence is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. Breast density (BD) is a strong predictor of breast cancer and can be considered an early marker. We aim to assess the association between the mean habitual intake of isoflavones, lignans, and total phytoestrogens intake during puberty until 2 years after menarche onset and absolute fibroglandular volume (AFGV) and percentage of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) in Hispanic girls at the end of puberty. METHODS Longitudinal study set up in the Growth and Obesity Chilean Cohort Study (GOCS). We included 329 girls with dietary data (multiple 24-hours recalls) from puberty until 2 years after menarche onset (81% had 2-4 recalls). Two international datasets were used to estimate isoflavones, lignans, and total phytoestrogens in the diet. Breast composition was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at 2 years after menarche. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the association between isoflavones, lignans, and total phytoestrogens intake and AFGV and %FGV. RESULTS The average total phytoestrogen intake was 1 mg/day and %FGV was 50.7% (SD = 15.2) and AFGV 218.8 cm3 (SD = 79.3). An inverse association was found between consumption of isoflavones and AFGV, as well as, with total phytoestrogens [Q4 vs. Q1 adjusted model ß = -49.2 cm3; 95% CI (-85.5 to -13.0)]. CONCLUSIONS Girls with a higher intake of total phytoestrogens and isoflavones during puberty until 2 years after menarche onset had significantly lower AFGV. IMPACT Although the intake of phytoestrogens is low in Western populations, higher consumption of them during a critical period of life like puberty could be beneficial to reduce breast cancer during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Lesser
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Mericq
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research (IDIMI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Reyes
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - John A Shepherd
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program (Cancer Epidemiology), University of Hawaiʻi Cancer Center, University of Hawaiʻi, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Karin B Michels
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.,Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Camila Corvalán
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Pereira
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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21
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Garutti M, Nevola G, Mazzeo R, Cucciniello L, Totaro F, Bertuzzi CA, Caccialanza R, Pedrazzoli P, Puglisi F. The Impact of Cereal Grain Composition on the Health and Disease Outcomes. Front Nutr 2022; 9:888974. [PMID: 35711559 PMCID: PMC9196906 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.888974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole grains are a pivotal food category for the human diet and represent an invaluable source of carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, phytocompunds, minerals, and vitamins. Many studies have shown that the consumption of whole grains is linked to a reduced risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes and other chronic diseases. However, several of their positive health effects seem to disappear when grains are consumed in the refined form. Herein we review the available literature on whole grains with a focus on molecular composition and health benefits on many chronic diseases with the aim to offer an updated and pragmatic reference for physicians and nutrition professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Garutti
- Department of Medical Oncology - CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Gerardo Nevola
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care - CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Roberta Mazzeo
- Department of Medical Oncology - CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Linda Cucciniello
- Department of Medical Oncology - CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Fabiana Totaro
- Department of Medical Oncology - CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Carlos Alejandro Bertuzzi
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care - CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Caccialanza
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Pedrazzoli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- Department of Medical Oncology - CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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22
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Lee A, Bensaada S, Lamothe V, Lacoste M, Bennetau-Pelissero C. Endocrine disruptors on and in fruits and vegetables: Estimation of the potential exposure of the French population. Food Chem 2022; 373:131513. [PMID: 34776310 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are considered to be healthy compared to fats, carbohydrates, and meats. However, their production involves plant protection products (PPPs) or they can contain phytoestrogens which may exhibit endocrine effects. Thus, the exposure to the main PPPs and to phytoestrogens known as endocrine disruptors (EDs) is estimated. PPPs include fungicides, growth substances, herbicides, and insecticides authorised in France. ED-PPPs exposure is estimated from the maximum residue limits (MRLs) of 70 potential ED-PPPs used in France on 64 fruits and vegetables. The estimated exposure to potential ED-PPPs is 509 µg/d and involves agonist and antagonist substances in complex mixtures. Anti-androgens are preeminent, at 353 µg/d. Exposure to genistein and daidzein is calculated from 140 measurements in 9 categories of food-items containing soy. The global exposure to isoflavones in France is evaluated at 6700 µg/d. Phytoestrogen exposure is much higher than that of ED-PPPs. Their endocrine effects should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lee
- University of Bordeaux, 33070 Bordeaux France; Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 33175 Gradignan France
| | - Souad Bensaada
- University of Bordeaux, 33070 Bordeaux France; U1212 Inserm, UMR Inserm U1212, CNRS 5320, University of Bordeaux, 33070 Bordeaux France
| | - Valérie Lamothe
- University of Bordeaux, 33070 Bordeaux France; Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 33175 Gradignan France
| | - Melissa Lacoste
- University of Bordeaux, 33070 Bordeaux France; Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 33175 Gradignan France
| | - Catherine Bennetau-Pelissero
- University of Bordeaux, 33070 Bordeaux France; Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 33175 Gradignan France; U1212 Inserm, UMR Inserm U1212, CNRS 5320, University of Bordeaux, 33070 Bordeaux France.
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Liu Z, Chen B, Li B, Wang C, Li G, Cao W, Zeng F, Chen Y. Greater Consumption of Total and Individual Lignans and Dietary Fibers Were Significantly Associated with Lowered Risk of Hip Fracture-A 1:1 Matched Case-Control Study among Chinese Elderly Men and Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051100. [PMID: 35268074 PMCID: PMC8912333 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims to examine the association of dietary intake of lignans with the risk of hip fractures in Chinese older adults. This was a 1:1 age- and gender- matched case−control study. Dietary survey was conducted by face-to-face interviews using a 79-item validated food frequency questionnaire. Habitual intake of total and individual lignans (matairesinol, secoisolariciresinol, pinoresinol, and lariciresinol) was estimated based on the available lignans databases. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the relationship of dietary total and individual lignans, lignan-rich foods (vegetables, fruits, nuts, and cereals) and dietary fibers with the risk of hip fracture. A total of 1070 pairs of hip fracture incident cases and controls were recruited. Compared with the lowest quartile, the highest quartile group showed a reduced hip fracture risk by 76.3% (0.237, 95% CI: 0.103−0.544, Ptrend < 0.001) for total lignans, and 62.5% (0.375, 95% CI: 0.194−0.724, Ptrend = 0.001) for dietary fibers. Similar findings were observed for individual lignans, the estimated enterolactone level, as well as lignans from vegetables and nuts. We concluded that greater consumption of total and individual lignans, and lignan-rich foods were significantly associated with decreased risk of hip fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Z.L.); (C.W.); (G.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Bailing Chen
- Department of Bone Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Baolin Li
- Guangzhou Orthopaedics Trauma Hospital, Guangzhou 510045, China;
| | - Cheng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Z.L.); (C.W.); (G.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Guoyi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Z.L.); (C.W.); (G.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Wenting Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Z.L.); (C.W.); (G.L.); (W.C.)
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Fangfang Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510623, China;
| | - Yuming Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Z.L.); (C.W.); (G.L.); (W.C.)
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-87330605
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24
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Pexová Kalinová J, Marešová I, Tříska J, Vrchotová N. Distribution of lignans in Panicum miliaceum, Fagopyrum esculentum, Fagopyrum tataricum, and Amaranthus hypochondriacus. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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In silico screening, SAR and kinetic studies of naturally occurring flavonoids against SARS CoV-2 main protease. ARAB J CHEM 2022; 15:103473. [PMID: 34909065 PMCID: PMC8502681 DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has become a global challenge based on its replication within the host cells that relies on non-structural proteins, protease (Mpro). Flavonoids, an important class of naturally occurring compounds with medicinal importance, are frequently available within fruits and vegetables. Herein, we report the in silico studies on naturally occurring flavonoids consisting of molecular docking studies and evaluation of theoretical kinetics. In this study, we prepared a library of nine different classes of naturally occurring flavonoids and screened them on Autodock and Autodockvina. The pharmacokinetic properties of most promising compounds have been predicted through ADMET SAR, inhibition constants, ligand efficiency and ligand fit quality have been worked out theoretically. The results revealed that naturally occurring flavonoids could fit well in the receptor's catalytic pocket, interact with essential amino acid residues and could be useful for future drug candidates through in vitro and in vivo studies. Moreover, MD simulation studies were conducted for two most promising flavonoids and the protein-ligand complexes were found quite stable. The selected natural flavonoids are free from any toxic effects and can be consumed as a preventive measure against SARS CoV-2.
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Dadáková K, Jurasová L, Kašparovský T, Průšová B, Baroň M, Sochor J. Origin of Wine Lignans. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 76:472-477. [PMID: 34626324 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-021-00928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant lignans possess several properties beneficial for human health and therefore, increasing their contents in foods and beverages is desirable. One of the lignan sources in human diet is wine. To elucidate the origin of lignans contained in wine, LC-MS was used to analyze resinol-related lignans in must, seeds, stems, and wine prepared using stainless steel tanks, oak barrels, and Qvevri (clay vessel). White wines aged in stainless steel tanks contained significantly lower amounts of lignan aglycones (20-60 µg/L) than red and Qvevri wines (300-500 µg/L). Generally, white wines aged in stainless steel tanks contained only low amounts of isolariciresinol and matairesinol. Qvevri wines and red wine aged in stainless steel tank contained up to five lignan compounds and in wine aged in oak barrel, six different lignans were identified. Consistently, only low concentration of isolariciresinol has been found in must, whereas more lignan compounds have been found in grape seeds (isolariciresinol, secoisolariciresinol, and pinoresinol) and stems (isolariciresinol and syringaresinol). Consequently, we conclude that lignan content in wine can be increased by maturation in contact with grape berries, seeds, or stems or with wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Dadáková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Jurasová
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kašparovský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Božena Průšová
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Mojmír Baroň
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Sochor
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic
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Dietary Phytoestrogens and Their Metabolites as Epigenetic Modulators with Impact on Human Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121893. [PMID: 34942997 PMCID: PMC8750933 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of dietary phytoestrogens on human health has been a topic of continuous debate since their discovery. Nowadays, based on their presumptive beneficial effects, the amount of phytoestrogens consumed in the daily diet has increased considerably worldwide. Thus, there is a growing need for scientific data regarding their mode of action in the human body. Recently, new insights of phytoestrogens’ bioavailability and metabolism have demonstrated an inter-and intra-population heterogeneity of final metabolites’ production. In addition, the phytoestrogens may have the ability to modulate epigenetic mechanisms that control gene expression. This review highlights the complexity and particularity of the metabolism of each class of phytoestrogens, pointing out the diversity of their bioactive gut metabolites. Futhermore, it presents emerging scientific data which suggest that, among well-known genistein and resveratrol, other phytoestrogens and their gut metabolites can act as epigenetic modulators with a possible impact on human health. The interconnection of dietary phytoestrogens’ consumption with gut microbiota composition, epigenome and related preventive mechanisms is discussed. The current challenges and future perspectives in designing relevant research directions to explore the potential health benefits of dietary phytoestrogens are also explored.
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Rizzolo-Brime L, Caro-Garcia EM, Alegre-Miranda CA, Felez-Nobrega M, Zamora-Ros R. Lignan exposure: a worldwide perspective. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:1143-1165. [PMID: 34799775 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dietary lignans are phytoestrogens that are mostly found in plant-based foods, especially whole grains, seeds, nuts, legumes and vegetables. An accurate assessment of lignan exposure is crucial to evaluate their potential health benefits and to establish future recommendations and dietary guidelines. This narrative review aimed to (i) summarize the pros and the cons of the current main assessment methods for lignan exposure─i.e., dietary questionnaires, food composition tables and biomarkers, (ii) describe the individual lignans more consumed from a worldwide perspective, as well as their main food sources, (iii) determine the lignans concentrations in both urine and blood, and explore their heterogeneity among countries, and finally (iv) discuss the main determinants of lignan exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rizzolo-Brime
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av Gran Via 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elida M Caro-Garcia
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av Gran Via 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cynthia A Alegre-Miranda
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av Gran Via 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Raul Zamora-Ros
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av Gran Via 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Yu L, Rios E, Castro L, Liu J, Yan Y, Dixon D. Genistein: Dual Role in Women's Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:3048. [PMID: 34578926 PMCID: PMC8472782 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced research in recent years has revealed the important role of nutrients in the protection of women's health and in the prevention of women's diseases. Genistein is a phytoestrogen that belongs to a class of compounds known as isoflavones, which structurally resemble endogenous estrogen. Genistein is most often consumed by humans via soybeans or soya products and is, as an auxiliary medicinal, used to treat women's diseases. In this review, we focused on analyzing the geographic distribution of soybean and soya product consumption, global serum concentrations of genistein, and its metabolism and bioactivity. We also explored genistein's dual effects in women's health through gathering, evaluating, and summarizing evidence from current in vivo and in vitro studies, clinical observations, and epidemiological surveys. The dose-dependent effects of genistein, especially when considering its metabolites and factors that vary by individuals, indicate that consumption of genistein may contribute to beneficial effects in women's health and disease prevention and treatment. However, consumption and exposure levels are nuanced because adverse effects have been observed at lower concentrations in in vitro models. Therefore, this points to the duplicity of genistein as a possible therapeutic agent in some instances and as an endocrine disruptor in others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Darlene Dixon
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Mechanistic Toxicology Branch (MTB), Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (L.Y.); (E.R.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (Y.Y.)
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30
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Echegaray N, Gullón B, Pateiro M, Amarowicz R, Misihairabgwi JM, Lorenzo JM. Date Fruit and Its By-products as Promising Source of Bioactive Components: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1934003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Echegaray
- Centro Tecnológico De La Carne De Galicia, Parque Tecnológico De Galicia, Ourense, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gullón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Ourense, Spain
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico De La Carne De Galicia, Parque Tecnológico De Galicia, Ourense, Spain
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jane M. Misihairabgwi
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico De La Carne De Galicia, Parque Tecnológico De Galicia, Ourense, Spain
- Área De Tecnología De Los Alimentos, Facultad De Ciencias De Ourense, Universidad De Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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31
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Messina M, Mejia SB, Cassidy A, Duncan A, Kurzer M, Nagato C, Ronis M, Rowland I, Sievenpiper J, Barnes S. Neither soyfoods nor isoflavones warrant classification as endocrine disruptors: a technical review of the observational and clinical data. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5824-5885. [PMID: 33775173 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1895054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soybeans are a rich source of isoflavones, which are classified as phytoestrogens. Despite numerous proposed benefits, isoflavones are often classified as endocrine disruptors, based primarily on animal studies. However, there are ample human data regarding the health effects of isoflavones. We conducted a technical review, systematically searching Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (from inception through January 2021). We included clinical studies, observational studies, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMA) that examined the relationship between soy and/or isoflavone intake and endocrine-related endpoints. 417 reports (229 observational studies, 157 clinical studies and 32 SRMAs) met our eligibility criteria. The available evidence indicates that isoflavone intake does not adversely affect thyroid function. Adverse effects are also not seen on breast or endometrial tissue or estrogen levels in women, or testosterone or estrogen levels, or sperm or semen parameters in men. Although menstrual cycle length may be slightly increased, ovulation is not prevented. Limited insight could be gained about possible impacts of in utero isoflavone exposure, but the existing data are reassuring. Adverse effects of isoflavone intake were not identified in children, but limited research has been conducted. After extensive review, the evidence does not support classifying isoflavones as endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Department of Nutrition, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alison Duncan
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Mindy Kurzer
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chisato Nagato
- Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Martin Ronis
- Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, USA
| | - Ian Rowland
- Human Nutrition, University of Reading, Reading, England, UK
| | | | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama, Alabama, USA
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32
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Balík J, Híc P, Tříska J, Vrchotová N, Smetana P, Smutek L, Rohlik BA, Houška M. Beer and beer-based beverage contain lignans. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2021; 58:581-585. [PMID: 33568851 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04570-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lignans are members of a broad group of plant phenols that can positively affect human health. They occur in negligible quantities in processed foodstuffs such as lager beer. The aim of this work was to utilize the high levels of lignans in the knots of spruce trees (Picea abies) to increase the lignans content in beer, without negatively impacting the natural taste and aroma. By means of lignans addition in the forms of spruce knot chips or different extracts made from spruce knots during the wort boiling were produced beer and beer-based beverages with lignans content ranging from 34 to 174 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Balík
- Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Híc
- Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tříska
- Global Change Research Institute Brno, CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Pavel Smetana
- Faculty of Agriculture, The University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Smutek
- Faculty of Agriculture, The University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Bo-Anne Rohlik
- University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Houška
- Food Research Institute Prague, Radiová 7, 102 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
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Baweja V, Himanshu, Tandon A, Goyal M, Mishra R, Deshpande M. Neuroprotective effects of phytoestrogens: A potential alternative to estrogen therapy in Alzheimer's disease patients. JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_33_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Reed KE, Camargo J, Hamilton-Reeves J, Kurzer M, Messina M. Neither soy nor isoflavone intake affects male reproductive hormones: An expanded and updated meta-analysis of clinical studies. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 100:60-67. [PMID: 33383165 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Concerns that the phytoestrogens (isoflavones) in soy may feminize men continue to be raised. Several studies and case-reports describing feminizing effects including lowering testosterone levels and raising estrogen levels in men have been published. For this reason, the clinical data were meta-analyzed to determine whether soy or isoflavone intake affects total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). PubMed and CAB Abstracts databases were searched between 2010 and April 2020, with use of controlled vocabulary specific to the databases. Peer-reviewed studies published in English were selected if (1) adult men consumed soyfoods, soy protein, or isoflavone extracts (from soy or red clover) and [2] circulating TT, FT, SHBG, E2 or E1 was assessed. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. With one exception, studies included in a 2010 meta-analysis were included in the current analysis. A total of 41 studies were included in the analyses. TT and FT levels were measured in 1753 and 752 men, respectively; E2 and E1 levels were measured in 1000 and 239 men, respectively and SHBG was measured in 967 men. Regardless of the statistical model, no significant effects of soy protein or isoflavone intake on any of the outcomes measured were found. Sub-analysis of the data according to isoflavone dose and study duration also showed no effect. This updated and expanded meta-analysis indicates that regardless of dose and study duration, neither soy protein nor isoflavone exposure affects TT, FT, E2 or E1 levels in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine E Reed
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, ESA.3.11, Colchester Campus, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Juliana Camargo
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Dietetics & Nutrition, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 4013, Kansas City, KS, 66160, United States.
| | - Jill Hamilton-Reeves
- Kansas University Department of Urology and Department of Dietetics & Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 3016, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, United States.
| | - Mindy Kurzer
- Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, United States.
| | - Mark Messina
- Nutrition Matters, Inc. 26 Spadina Parkway, Pittsfield, MA, 01201, United States.
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Fernández-López J, Botella-Martínez C, Navarro-Rodríguez de Vera C, Sayas-Barberá ME, Viuda-Martos M, Sánchez-Zapata E, Pérez-Álvarez JA. Vegetable Soups and Creams: Raw Materials, Processing, Health Benefits, and Innovation Trends. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121769. [PMID: 33327480 PMCID: PMC7764940 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vegetable soups and creams have gained popularity among consumers worldwide due to the wide variety of raw materials (vegetable fruits, tubers, bulbs, leafy vegetables, and legumes) that can be used in their formulation which has been recognized as a healthy source of nutrients (mainly proteins, dietary fiber, other carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals) and bioactive compounds that could help maintain the body’s health and wellbeing. In addition, they are cheap and easy to preserve and prepare at home, ready to eat, so in consequence they are very useful in the modern life rhythms that modify the habits of current consumption and that reclaim foods elaborated with natural ingredients, ecologic, vegans, less invasive production processes, agroindustry coproducts valorization, and exploring new flavors and textures. This review focuses on the nutritional and healthy properties of vegetable soups and creams (depending on the raw materials used in their production) highlighting their content in bioactive compounds and their antioxidant properties. Apart from the effect that some processing steps could have on these compounds, innovation trends for the development of healthier soups and creams adapted to specific consumer requirements have also been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Fernández-López
- IPOA Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Higher Polytechnic School of Orihuela, Miguel Hernández University, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (J.F.-L.); (C.B.-M.); (C.N.-R.d.V.); (M.E.S.-B.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - Carmen Botella-Martínez
- IPOA Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Higher Polytechnic School of Orihuela, Miguel Hernández University, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (J.F.-L.); (C.B.-M.); (C.N.-R.d.V.); (M.E.S.-B.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - Casilda Navarro-Rodríguez de Vera
- IPOA Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Higher Polytechnic School of Orihuela, Miguel Hernández University, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (J.F.-L.); (C.B.-M.); (C.N.-R.d.V.); (M.E.S.-B.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - María Estrella Sayas-Barberá
- IPOA Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Higher Polytechnic School of Orihuela, Miguel Hernández University, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (J.F.-L.); (C.B.-M.); (C.N.-R.d.V.); (M.E.S.-B.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - Manuel Viuda-Martos
- IPOA Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Higher Polytechnic School of Orihuela, Miguel Hernández University, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (J.F.-L.); (C.B.-M.); (C.N.-R.d.V.); (M.E.S.-B.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - Elena Sánchez-Zapata
- Research & Development Pre-Cooked Convenience Food, Surinver El Grupo S.Coop, 03191 Alicante, Spain;
| | - José Angel Pérez-Álvarez
- IPOA Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Higher Polytechnic School of Orihuela, Miguel Hernández University, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (J.F.-L.); (C.B.-M.); (C.N.-R.d.V.); (M.E.S.-B.); (M.V.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +94-96-674-9739
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Amarowicz R, Pegg RB. Tree Nuts and Peanuts as a Source of Natural Antioxidants in our Daily Diet. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1898-1916. [PMID: 32186272 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200318125620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tree nuts and peanuts are healthy foods with a proven track record of helping to reduce the incidence of chronic diseases, most notably cardiovascular disease. At the point of consumption, all nuts contain low moisture and ≥ 50% lipid contents, but this is where similarities end. The levels of key nutrients and bioactives including vitamin C, vitamin E, L-arginine, minerals (such as selenium and zinc), and phenolics can differ markedly. Distinctions in the types and quantities of phenolic constituents for tree nut species, as well as the impact of digestion, will affect the nuts' antioxidant potential in vivo. This work provides some insight into the different types of phenolics found in tree nuts and peanuts, the antioxidant potential of their phenolic extracts using in vitro chemical assays, the effect of thermal processing on the stability of the nuts' endogenous phenolics, and the impact on biomarkers of human health arising from randomized clinical trials. Key biomarkers include measures in the reduction of LDL oxidation as well as increases in the levels of vitamin E and selected phenolic compounds in blood plasma postprandially from those of baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Amarowicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ronald B Pegg
- Department of Food Science & Technology, The University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, GA, 30602-2610, United States
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Qiu W, Su W, Cai Z, Dong L, Li C, Xin M, Fang W, Liu Y, Wang X, Huang Z, Ren H, Wu Z. Combined Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals the Potential Mechanism of Coloration and Fruit Quality in Yellow and Purple Passiflora edulis Sims. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12096-12106. [PMID: 32936632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) can be divided into yellow and purple varieties. However, information about coloration and fruit quality between the two varieties is limited. To reveal the underlying mechanism of color formation in this fruit, a combined analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome was conducted in this study. The results showed that most of the evaluated flavonols, anthocyanins, and flavanols were significantly upregulated in purple fruit compared to their levels in yellow fruit. Flavonoid and flavonoid carbonoside accumulation was markedly higher in yellow fruit than in purple fruit. The accumulation of organic acids, phenolic acids, lipids, sugars, and lignans was significantly different in the yellow and purple varieties. These results were consistent with the results from the RNA-Seq profile. This study will enable us to identify genes for targeted genetic engineering to improve the nutritional and market value of passion fruit. In addition, the peel and pulp of passion fruit contained certain health-promoting compounds, highlighting the potential application of passion fruit as a functional food and providing direction for future breeding programs and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Qiu
- Horticulture Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Weiqiang Su
- Horticulture Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Zhaoyan Cai
- Horticulture Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Long Dong
- Horticulture Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Changbao Li
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Ming Xin
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Weikuan Fang
- Horticulture Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Yeqiang Liu
- Horticulture Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Horticulture Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Zhangbao Huang
- Horticulture Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Horticulture Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Zhijiang Wu
- Horticulture Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
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Is There Such a Thing as "Anti-Nutrients"? A Narrative Review of Perceived Problematic Plant Compounds. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102929. [PMID: 32987890 PMCID: PMC7600777 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets are associated with reduced risk of lifestyle-induced chronic diseases. The thousands of phytochemicals they contain are implicated in cellular-based mechanisms to promote antioxidant defense and reduce inflammation. While recommendations encourage the intake of fruits and vegetables, most people fall short of their target daily intake. Despite the need to increase plant-food consumption, there have been some concerns raised about whether they are beneficial because of the various ‘anti-nutrient’ compounds they contain. Some of these anti-nutrients that have been called into question included lectins, oxalates, goitrogens, phytoestrogens, phytates, and tannins. As a result, there may be select individuals with specific health conditions who elect to decrease their plant food intake despite potential benefits. The purpose of this narrative review is to examine the science of these ‘anti-nutrients’ and weigh the evidence of whether these compounds pose an actual health threat.
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Kirsch V, Bakuradze T, Richling E. Toxicological testing of syringaresinol and enterolignans. Curr Res Toxicol 2020; 1:104-110. [PMID: 34345839 PMCID: PMC8320611 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignans are secondary plant constituents with dibenzylbutane skeletons found in cereals, oilseeds, and nuts. Two members of this class, syringaresinol (Syr) and secoisolariciresinol (Seco), occur at relatively high levels in cereals and processed food products as well as in coniferous trees. In vitro studies have shown that Seco and its metabolites enterodiol (END) and enterolactone (ENL), which are formed by intestinal microbes, exhibit strong antioxidant activity because of their phenolic character. The biological activity and discussion of dietary supplementation with these substances led to questions about the potential adverse health effects of these compounds, which are explored here. Syr and the metabolites END and ENL were investigated by combining structural information generated in silico with practical testing in vitro. An in silico structure-activity analysis was performed using ToxTree and NexusPrediction to suggest plausible mechanisms of toxicity and estimate toxicological endpoints of these compounds. Structural alerts were generated based on the presence of phenolic units with coordinating substituents that could potentially form quinoid structures, promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, bind to cellular structures, or damage chromosomes. To assess the in silico results, the cytotoxicity and genotoxic potential of the studied compounds were tested in vitro using the resazurin reduction and comet assays, respectively. Incubating HepG2 and HT29 cells for 1 h or 24 h with 0–100 μM Syr, END, or ENL induced no cytotoxic effects. Additionally, even the highest tested concentrations of END and ENL showed no modulation of background and total DNA damage. The initial in silico screen thus generated structural alerts linked to toxicological endpoints, but experimental assessments of the studied compounds revealed no detectable toxicity, demonstrating the need for individual mechanistic experimental verification of in silico predictions. This approach makes it possible to connect known biological activity, such as reported antioxidative effects, to underlying mechanisms such as proton abstraction or donation. This in turn can yield insights – for example, that a compound's tendency to act as a pro- or anti-oxidant (and hence to exert adverse or beneficial health effects) may depend on its concentration and the cellular state. Potential of toxicologic mechanisms: cellular stress and chromosomal damage were identified in silico for syringaresinol, enterdiol and enterlactone. However, in confirmatory in vitro assays (cytotoxicity, DNA damage and DNA strand breaks) in HepG2 and HT29 cells no such toxicities were induced by physiological and higher concentrations of syringaresinol and enterolignans. This study serves as a cautionary tale of using in silico prediction of toxicity mechanisms. Experimental verification of in silico predictions is needed as these methodologies are still under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Kirsch
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Tamara Bakuradze
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Elke Richling
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Palacios OM, Cortes HN, Jenks BH, Maki KC. Naturally occurring hormones in foods and potential health effects. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847320936281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormones and hormone-like substances, for example, phytoestrogens, are food components that can be endogenously produced by a food source or occur secondary to farming practices. The hormone content of foods has been studied for decades, and safety evaluations in the United States and Europe indicate that naturally occurring hormones found in foods are safe for human consumption. More recent studies have focused on the role of certain hormones found in specific foods (e.g. dairy or soy) and their potential health effects. However, limited summaries exist on food content of hormones and hormone-like phytoestrogens in the context of a comprehensive US diet and implications, if any, of their daily consumption for overall health. This review provides an outline of hormone biosynthesis and functions in the body; discusses the more commonly studied, naturally occurring hormones in food and their biological role within food; estimates relative dietary contribution and when available, bioavailability, of naturally occurring food hormones; and summarizes the potential health associations of their intake in food. Based on the review of the scientific literature, the hormone content of typical serving sizes of commonly consumed foods is undetectable or in quantities that fall well within safety guidelines without any evidence for adverse effects on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya M Palacios
- Midwest Biomedical Research/Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health, Addison, IL, USA
| | | | - Belinda H Jenks
- Belinda H. Jenks Consulting, Sunshine Terrace, Studio City, CA, USA
| | - Kevin C Maki
- Midwest Biomedical Research/Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health, Addison, IL, USA
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Chhillar H, Chopra P, Ashfaq MA. Lignans from linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) and its allied species: Retrospect, introspect and prospect. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2719-2741. [PMID: 32619358 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1784840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lignans are complex diphenolic compounds representing phytoestrogens and occur widely across the plant kingdom. Formed by the coupling of two coniferyl alcohol residues, lignans constitute major plant "specialized metabolites" with exceptional biological attributes that aid in plant defence and provide health benefits in humans by reducing the risk of ailments such as cancer, diabetes etc. Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is one of the richest sources of lignans followed by cereals and legumes. Among the various types of lignans, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) is considered as the essential and nutrient rich lignan in linseed. Lignans exhibit established antimitotic, antiviral and anti-tumor properties that contribute to their medicinal value. The present review seeks to provide a holistic view of research in the past and present times revolving around lignans from linseed and its allied species. This review attempts to elucidate sources, structures and functional properties of lignans, along with detailed biosynthetic mechanisms operating in plants. It summarizes various methods for the determination of lignan content in plants. Biotechnological interventions (in planta and in vitro) aimed at enriching lignan content and adoption of integrative approaches that might further enhance lignan content and medicinal and nutraceutical value of Linum spp. have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Chhillar
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Chopra
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Ashraf Ashfaq
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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42
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Wesselink AK, Hatch EE, Mikkelsen EM, Trolle E, Willis SK, McCann SE, Valsta L, Lundqvist A, Tucker KL, Rothman KJ, Wise LA. Dietary phytoestrogen intakes of adult women are not strongly related to fecundability in 2 preconception cohort studies. J Nutr 2020; 150:1240-1251. [PMID: 31943053 PMCID: PMC7198303 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytoestrogens are plant-derived hormonally active compounds found in soy, cruciferous vegetables, nuts, and seeds. Although phytoestrogens have been associated with altered endogenous hormonal activity, luteal phase deficiency, and reduced endometrial decidualization, the literature reporting examinations of phytoestrogen intake and fertility presents mixed findings. OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate prospectively the association between dietary phytoestrogen intake (isoflavones, lignans, and coumestans) and fecundability, the per-cycle probability of conception, in 2 cohorts of women planning pregnancy. METHODS Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO) and Snart Foraeldre (SF) are parallel web-based preconception cohort studies of women from North America and Denmark, respectively, who are trying to conceive. Participants complete an online baseline questionnaire on sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical factors. We ascertained intake of individual phytoestrogens from validated FFQs. We measured fecundability using data on menstruation and pregnancy status from bimonthly follow-up questionnaires. We analyzed data from 4880 PRESTO and 2898 SF female study participants who had been attempting conception for ≤6 cycles at study entry. We used proportional probabilities regression models to estimate fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS Phytoestrogen intake varied across cohorts, yet was associated with higher socioeconomic status and healthier behaviors in both cohorts. After adjustment for potential confounders, phytoestrogen intake was not substantially associated with fecundability in either cohort. We observed some evidence of improved fecundability with increasing isoflavone intake among women age ≥30 years in PRESTO (FR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.34, for comparison of ≥90th with <25th percentile intake) and SF (corresponding FR: 1.19; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.55). Lignan intake was associated with slightly increased fecundability in SF (FR for comparison of 75th to 90th with <25th percentile: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.26), but decreased fecundability in PRESTO (FR for comparison of ≥90th with <25th percentile: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.97). CONCLUSIONS We did not observe strong associations between phytoestrogen intake and prospectively-measured fecundability among North American or Danish pregnancy planners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia K Wesselink
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Address correspondence to AKW (e-mail: )
| | - Elizabeth E Hatch
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ellen M Mikkelsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ellen Trolle
- Division of Risk Assessment and Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sydney K Willis
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan E McCann
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Liisa Valsta
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Katherine L Tucker
- Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth J Rothman
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Angeloni S, Navarini L, Khamitova G, Maggi F, Sagratini G, Vittori S, Caprioli G. A new analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of isoflavones and lignans in 25 green coffee samples by HPLC-MS/MS. Food Chem 2020; 325:126924. [PMID: 32387932 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Green coffee, the raw material of roasted coffee and coffee beverages, is one of the most widely traded commodities worldwide. There is a dearth of studies on its content in phytoestrogens such as isoflavones and lignans. Previously, we developed an efficient method for the simultaneous quantification of 6 isoflavones (daidzin, genistin, daidzein, genistein, formononetin and biochanin A) and 3 lignans (secoisolariciresinol, matairesinol and lariciresinol) in green coffee by using HPLC-MS/MS. Several extraction processes were evaluated and the best performing, base hydrolysis followed by enzymatic digestion, was validated and used to analyse 25 different coffee samples, 1 Coffea canephora and 24 Coffea arabica, from different countries. Lignans (total content: 286.5-8131.8 µg kg-1) were found in higher concentration than isoflavones (total content: 3.4-300.0 µg kg-1) and the most abundant were secoisolariciresinol (172.6-5714.1 µg kg-1) and lariciresinol (113.9-2417.7 µg kg-1). Notably, the Ethiopian coffee samples contained the highest levels of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Angeloni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Sant' Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; International Hub for Coffee Research and Innovation, Belforte del Chienti (MC), Italy
| | | | - Gulzhan Khamitova
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Sant' Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; International Hub for Coffee Research and Innovation, Belforte del Chienti (MC), Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Sant' Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Gianni Sagratini
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Sant' Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Sauro Vittori
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Sant' Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Sant' Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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Nutritional and biological characteristics of the date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) – A review. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2019.100509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Barreca D, Nabavi SM, Sureda A, Rasekhian M, Raciti R, Silva AS, Annunziata G, Arnone A, Tenore GC, Süntar İ, Mandalari G. Almonds ( Prunus Dulcis Mill. D. A. Webb): A Source of Nutrients and Health-Promoting Compounds. Nutrients 2020; 12:E672. [PMID: 32121549 PMCID: PMC7146189 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Almonds (Prunus dulcis Miller D. A. Webb (the almond or sweet almond)), from the Rosaceae family, have long been known as a source of essential nutrients; nowadays, they are in demand as a healthy food with increasing popularity for the general population and producers. Studies on the composition and characterization of almond macro- and micronutrients have shown that the nut has many nutritious ingredients such as fatty acids, lipids, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, as well as secondary metabolites. However, several factors affect the nutritional quality of almonds, including genetic and environmental factors. Therefore, investigations evaluating the effects of different factors on the quality of almonds were also included. In epidemiological studies, the consumption of almonds has been associated with several therapeutically and protective health benefits. Clinical studies have verified the modulatory effects on serum glucose, lipid and uric acid levels, the regulatory role on body weight, and protective effects against diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, recent researchers have also confirmed the prebiotic potential of almonds. The present review was carried out to emphasize the importance of almonds as a healthy food and source of beneficial constituents for human health, and to assess the factors affecting the quality of the almond kernel. Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and SciFinder were used to investigate previously published articles on almonds in terms of components and bioactivity potentials with a particular focus on clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-16471, Iran;
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122 Balearic Islands, Spain;
| | - Mahsa Rasekhian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;
| | - Roberto Raciti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Rua dos Lágidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal;
- Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Oporto, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (G.C.T.)
| | - Angela Arnone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (G.C.T.)
| | - İpek Süntar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Etiler Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.R.); (G.M.)
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Yeung AWK, Tzvetkov NT, Balacheva AA, Georgieva MG, Gan RY, Jozwik A, Pyzel B, Horbańczuk JO, Novellino E, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Camilli E, Souto EB, Atanasov AG, Santini A. Lignans: Quantitative Analysis of the Research Literature. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:37. [PMID: 32116713 PMCID: PMC7020883 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of the lignan literature. Data for the current study were extracted from the electronic Web of Science Core Collection database via the search string TOPIC = ("lignan*") and processed by the VOSviewer software. The search yielded 10,742 publications. The ratio of original articles to reviews was 14.6:1. Over 80% of the analyzed papers have been published since the year 2000 and nearly 50% since the year 2010. Many of the publications were focused on pharmacology, chemistry, and plant sciences. The United States and Asian countries, such as China, Japan, South Korea, and India, were the most productive producers of lignan publications. Among the 5 most productive institutions was the University of Helsinki in Finland, the country that ranked 9th. Nineteen journals collectively published 3,607 lignan publications and were considered as core journals. Their impact factor did not correlate with the proportion of uncited papers. Highly cited publications usually mentioned phytoestrogen, isoflavone, daidzein, enterodiol, enterolactone, equol, genistein, and isoflavonoid. Cancer (e.g., breast cancer), cardiovascular disease, and antioxidation were the major themes. Clinical trials were estimated to contribute to 0.2-1.1% of the analyzed body of literature, so more of them should be conducted in the future to substantiate the beneficial effects and optimal dose of lignan intake in humans. Moreover, researchers can refer to these findings for future research directions and collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Wai Kan Yeung
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aneliya A Balacheva
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maya G Georgieva
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Artur Jozwik
- The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Bożena Pyzel
- The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Jarosław O Horbańczuk
- The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal.,CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland.,Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Sharma G, Parihar A, Talaiya T, Dubey K, Porwal B, Parihar MS. Cognitive impairments in type 2 diabetes, risk factors and preventive strategies. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 31:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2019-0105/jbcpp-2019-0105.xml. [PMID: 31967962 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a modifiable risk factor in progression of several diseases including dementia and type 2 diabetes. If cognitive impairments are not reversed at an early stage of appearance of symptoms, then the prolonged pathogenesis can lead to dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, it is necessary to detect the risk factors and mechanism of prevention of cognitive dysfunction at an early stage of disease. Poor lifestyle, age, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and inflammation are some of the major risk factors that contribute to cognitive and memory impairments in diabetic patients. Mild cognitive impairment was seen in those individuals of type 2 diabetes, who are on an unhealthy diet. Physical inactivity, frequent alcohol consumptions, and use of packed food products that provides an excess of cheap calories are found associated with cognitive impairment and depression in diabetic patients. Omega fatty acids (FAs) and polyphenol-rich foods, especially flavonoids, can reduce the bad effects of an unhealthy lifestyle; therefore, the consumption of omega FAs and flavonoids may be beneficial in maintaining normal cognitive function. These functional foods may improve cognitive functions by targeting many enzymes and molecules in cells chiefly through their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, or signaling actions. Here, we provide the current concepts on the risk factors of cognitive impairments in type 2 diabetes and the mechanism of prevention, using omega FAs and bioactive compounds obtained from fruits and vegetables. The knowledge derived from such studies may assist physicians in managing the health care of patients with cognitive difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Sharma
- School of Studies in Zoology and Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, India
| | - Arti Parihar
- Department of Science, Bellingham Technical College, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Tanay Talaiya
- School of Studies in Zoology and Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, India
| | - Kirti Dubey
- School of Studies in Zoology and Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, India
| | - Bhagyesh Porwal
- School of Studies in Zoology and Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, India
| | - Mordhwaj S Parihar
- School of Studies in Zoology and Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, India, Phone: +91-734-2511317
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Wang Q, Huang H, Zhao N, Ni X, Udelsman R, Zhang Y. Phytoestrogens and Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in Connecticut. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 29:500-508. [PMID: 31826911 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very few previous studies have examined the relationship between thyroid cancer risk and intake of phytoestrogens (PE); furthermore, these studies have reached inconsistent results. METHODS We analyzed data from a population-based case-control study in Connecticut from 2010 to 2011, including 387 histologically confirmed thyroid cancer cases and 433 population-based controls, with compound data available concerning specific PEs. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between specific PEs and the risk of thyroid cancer, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS An elevated risk of thyroid cancer was associated with moderate to high levels of coumestrol intake [OR = 2.48, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.39-4.43 for 40-80 μg/day; OR = 2.41, 95% CI, 1.32-4.40 for 80-130 μg/day; and OR = 2.38, 95% CI, 1.26-4.50 for >200 μg/day compared with <40 μg/day], and the main elevation in risk appeared among microcarcinomas (≤1 cm). A decreased risk of papillary macrocarcinomas (>1 cm; OR = 0.26, 95% CI, 0.08-0.85 for 1,860-3,110 μg/day compared with <760 μg/day) was associated with moderate genistein intake among women. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that high coumestrol intake increases the risk of thyroid cancer, especially microcarcinomas, whereas moderate amounts of genistein intake appear to be protective for females with thyroid macrocarcinomas. IMPACT The study highlights the importance of distinguishing between microcarcinomas and macrocarcinomas in future research on the etiology of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nan Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Robert Udelsman
- Endocrine Neoplasm Institute, Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, Florida
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. .,Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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Hormone Replacement for Pelvic Floor Disorders. CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11884-019-00536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Youseflu S, Jahanian Sadatmahalleh SH, Mottaghi A, Kazemnejad A. Dietary Phytoestrogen Intake and The Risk of Endometriosis in Iranian Women: A Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2019; 13:296-300. [PMID: 31710190 PMCID: PMC6875851 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2020.5806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Endometriosis is an important gynecologic disease affecting reproductive-age women. Based on the
effect of phytoestrogens on inflammatory, immunological and hormonal factors, limited studies have suggested that
phytoestrogen consumption could probably modulate endometriosis risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the
relationship between phytoestrogen intake and endometriosis risk. Materials and Methods In the present case-control study, 78 women with a laparoscopically confirmed endome-
triosis and 78 normal pelvis women (as the control group), were recruited. Common dietary intake was recorded by a
validated 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Type of phytoestrogen in each dietary item
was analyzed by the database from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). A logistic regression model
was used to determine the association between phytoestrogen intake and endometriosis risk. Results Higher intake of total phytoestrogen (P-trend=0.01), total isoflavones (P-trend=0.002) specially formononetin
(P-trend=0.04) and glycitein (P-trend=0.04), total lignan (P-trend=0.01) specially secoisolariciresinol (P-trend=0.01)
and lariciresinol (P-trend=0.02) and matairesinol (P-trend=0.003), and total coumestrol [third quartile odds ratios
(OR): 0.38; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.15-0.96; P-trend=0.1] was related to reduced endometriosis risk. Among
food groups, only isoflavin (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.44-0.63), lignan (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.62-0.94), coumestrol (OR:
0.64; 95% CI: 0.51-0.99), phytoestrogen (OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.38-0.83) in dairy products and coumestrol in fruits
(OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.03-0.77) were negatively associated with endometriosis risk. Conclusion Phytoestrogens have a major impact on the level of hormones, and immune and inflammatory markers;
thus, it can play an important role in the control and prevention of many diseases. Due to the inflammatory nature of
endometriosis and the effect of hormones on the progression of the disease, the role of phytoestrogens consumption in
the progression and regression of the disease should be assessed in future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Youseflu
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Hahideh Jahanian Sadatmahalleh
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Elevtronic Address:
| | - Azadeh Mottaghi
- Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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