1
|
Porojan L, Toma FR, Gherban MI, Vasiliu RD, Matichescu A. Surface Topography of Thermoplastic Appliance Materials Related to Sorption and Solubility in Artificial Saliva. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:379. [PMID: 39056820 PMCID: PMC11274910 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9070379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: PETG (polyethylene terephthalate glycol) is a transparent, inexpensive, and versatile thermoplastic biomaterial, and it is increasingly being used for a variety of medical applications in dentistry, orthopedics, tissue engineering, and surgery. It is known to have remarkable properties such as tensile strength, high ductility, and resistance to chemical insults and heat, but it can be affected by various environmental conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the topographical characteristics of four thermoplastic dental appliance materials in relation to water sorption in simulated oral environments (artificial saliva samples with different pH values). (2) Methods: The following four types of PETG clear thermoplastic materials were selected for the present study: Leone (L), Crystal (C), Erkodur (E), and Duran (D). In relation to the desiccation and water-uptake stages, their water sorption (Wsp) and solubility (Wsl) were calculated, and the surface topographies were analyzed on two length scales. The surface roughness was determined using a contact profilometer, and nanoroughness measurements were generated by three-dimensional profiles using an atomic force microscope (AFM). Statistical analyses (one-way ANOVA and unpaired and paired Student t-tests) were performed. (3) Results: After saliva immersion, the weights of all samples increased, and the highest sorption was recorded in a basic environment. Among the materials, the water uptake for the L samples was the highest, and for E, it was the lowest. In relation to water solubility, significant values were registered for both the L and C samples' materials. After immersion and desiccation, a decreasing trend in microroughness was observed. The AFM high-resolution images reflected more irregular surfaces related to saliva immersion. (4) Conclusions: The sorption rates recorded in water-based artificial saliva were higher for basic pH levels, with significant differences between the samples. There were also significant differences related to the behaviors of the materials included in the study. In relation to roughness, on a microscale, the surfaces tended to be smoother after the saliva immersions, and on a nanoscale, they became more irregular.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Porojan
- Department of Dental Prostheses Technology (Dental Technology), Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (F.R.T.); (R.D.V.)
| | - Flavia Roxana Toma
- Department of Dental Prostheses Technology (Dental Technology), Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (F.R.T.); (R.D.V.)
| | - Mihaela Ionela Gherban
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300569 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Roxana Diana Vasiliu
- Department of Dental Prostheses Technology (Dental Technology), Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (F.R.T.); (R.D.V.)
| | - Anamaria Matichescu
- Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Siachouli P, Karadima KS, Mavrantzas VG, Pandis SN. The effect of functional groups on the glass transition temperature of atmospheric organic compounds: a molecular dynamics study. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:4783-4794. [PMID: 38847330 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00405a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Organic compounds constitute a substantial part of atmospheric particulate matter not only in terms of mass concentration but also in terms of distinct functional groups. The glass transition temperature provides an indirect way to investigate the phase state of the organic compounds, playing a crucial role in understanding their behavior and influence on aerosol processes. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were implemented here to predict the glass transition temperature (Tg) of atmospherically relevant organic compounds as well as the influence of their functional groups and length of their carbon chain. The cooling step used in the simulations was chosen to be neither too low (to supress crystallization) nor too high (to avoid Tg overprediction). According to the MD simulations, the predicted Tg is sensitive to the functional groups as follows: carboxylic acid (-COOH) > hydroxyl (-OH) and (-COOH) > carbonyls (-CO). Increasing the number of carbon atoms leads to higher Tg for the linearly structured compounds. Linear compounds with lower molecular weight were found to exhibit a lower Tg. No clear correlation between O : C and Tg was observed. The architecture of the carbon chain (linear, or branched, or ring) was also found to impact the glass transition temperature. Compounds containing a non-aromatic carbon ring are characterized by a higher Tg compared to linear and branched ones with the same number of carbon atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Siachouli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, GR 26504, Greece.
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT/FORTH), Patras, GR 26504, Greece
| | - Katerina S Karadima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, GR 26504, Greece.
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT/FORTH), Patras, GR 26504, Greece
| | - Vlasis G Mavrantzas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, GR 26504, Greece.
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT/FORTH), Patras, GR 26504, Greece
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Spyros N Pandis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, GR 26504, Greece.
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT/FORTH), Patras, GR 26504, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Garbiec E, Rosiak N, Zalewski P, Tajber L, Cielecka-Piontek J. Genistein Co-Amorphous Systems with Amino Acids: An Investigation into Enhanced Solubility and Biological Activity. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2653. [PMID: 38139995 PMCID: PMC10747361 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein, an isoflavone known for its antioxidant and antidiabetic effects, suffers from the drawback of low solubility. To overcome this limitation, co-amorphous systems were synthesized by incorporating amino acids that were chosen through computational methods. The confirmation of the amorphous state of lysine and arginine-containing systems was ascertained by X-ray powder diffraction. Subsequently, the characterization of these systems was extended by employing thermo-gravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The investigation also included an assessment of the physical stability of the samples during storage. The apparent solubility of the systems was studied in an aqueous medium. To evaluate the in vitro permeability through the gastrointestinal tract, the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay was employed. The biological properties of the systems were assessed with regard to their antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and cupric ion-reducing antioxidant capacity assays, as well as their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase. The systems' glass transition temperatures were determined, and their homogeneity confirmed via differential scanning calorimetry analysis, while Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis provided data on molecular interactions. Stability was maintained for the entire 6-month storage duration. The co-amorphous system containing lysine displayed the most pronounced apparent solubility improvement, as well as a significant enhancement in antioxidant activity. Notably, both systems demonstrated superior α-glucosidase inhibition relative to acarbose, a standard drug for managing type 2 diabetes. The results indicate that co-amorphous systems with lysine and arginine have the potential to significantly enhance the solubility and biological activity of genistein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Garbiec
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (E.G.); (N.R.); (P.Z.)
| | - Natalia Rosiak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (E.G.); (N.R.); (P.Z.)
| | - Przemysław Zalewski
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (E.G.); (N.R.); (P.Z.)
| | - Lidia Tajber
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (E.G.); (N.R.); (P.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Villeda-Villegas M, Páez-Franco JC, Coyote-Dotor G, Núñez-Pineda A, Dorazco-González A, Fuentes-Noriega I, Rubio-Carrasco K, Toledo Jaldín HP, Morales-Morales D, Germán-Acacio JM. Diversity of Solid Forms Promoted by Ball Milling: Characterization and Intrinsic Dissolution Studies of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride and Fluvastatin Sodium Drug-Drug Systems. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:781. [PMID: 37375729 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coamorphous salt in a 1:1 ratio prepared by ball milling from Fluvastatin sodium (FLV) and Pioglitazone hydrochloride (PGZ·HCl) can be selectively formed by neat grinding (NG). Furthermore, the salt-cocrystal continuum was preferably formed by employing liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) using ethanol (EtOH). Attempts to prepare the coamorphous salt starting from the salt-cocrystal continuum by NG were unsuccessful. Interestingly, through ball milling by NG or LAG, a great diversity of solid forms (PGZ·HCl-FLV 1:1) could be accessed: NG and hexane (coamorphous); ethyl acetate (physical mixture); EtOH (salt-cocrystal continuum); and water (which presents two Tg, indicating immiscibility of the components). An exploration was performed at different drug-to-drug ratios by NG. By differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the presence of two endothermic events was observed in this screening: incongruous melting point (solidus) and excess of one of the components (liquidus), except in the 1:1 solid form. From these results, eutectic behavior was observed. Through the construction of a binary phase diagram, it was determined that the 1:1 molar ratio gives rise to the formation of the most stable coamorphous composition. Dissolution profile studies of these solid forms were carried out, specifically on pure FLV and the solid forms of PGZ⋅HCl-FLV (1:2; 1:4; and 1:6), together with the coamorphous 1:1 salt. By itself, pure FLV presented the highest Kint (13.6270 ± 0.8127 mg/cm2⋅min). On the other hand, the coamorphous 1:1 showed a very low Kint (0.0220 ± 0.0014 mg/cm2·min), indicating very fast recrystallization by the FLV, which avoids observing a sudden release of this drug in the solution. This same behavior was observed in the eutectic composition 1:2. In the other solid forms, the value of Kint increases along with the %w of FLV. From the mechanochemical point of view, ball milling by NG or LAG became an important synthetic tool since it allows obtaining a great variety of solid forms to explore the solid-state reactivity of the drug-drug solid-form PGZ HCl-FLV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Villeda-Villegas
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de Mexico 14000, Mexico
| | - José C Páez-Franco
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de Mexico 14000, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Coyote-Dotor
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de Mexico 14000, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Núñez-Pineda
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable CCIQS UAEM-UNAM Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5, Toluca 50200, Mexico
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Dorazco-González
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Inés Fuentes-Noriega
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacia, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química-UNAM, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Kenneth Rubio-Carrasco
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacia, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química-UNAM, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Helen P Toledo Jaldín
- Technological Superior Studies Tianguistenco, Mechanical Engineering, Santiago Tianguistenco 52650, Mexico
| | - David Morales-Morales
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Germán-Acacio
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de Mexico 14000, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Muñoz Tecocoatzi MF, Páez-Franco JC, Rubio-Carrasco K, Núñez-Pineda A, Dorazco-González A, Fuentes-Noriega I, Vilchis-Néstor AR, Olvera LI, Morales-Morales D, Germán-Acacio JM. Ball-Milling Preparation of the Drug-Drug Solid Form of Pioglitazone-Rosuvastatin at Different Molar Ratios: Characterization and Intrinsic Dissolution Rates Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020630. [PMID: 36839951 PMCID: PMC9959797 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ball-milling using neat grinding (NG) or liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) by varying the polarity of the solvents allowed access to various drug-drug solid forms of pioglitazone hydrochloride (PGZ·HCl) and rosuvastatin calcium (RSV). Using NG, the coamorphous form was formed from the reaction of pioglitazone hydrochloride (PGZ·HCl) and rosuvastatin calcium (RSV) in a 2:1 molar ratio. The formation of the expected coamorphous salt could not be corroborated by FT-IR, but DSC data showed that it was indeed a single-phase amorphous mixture. By varying the molar ratios of the reactants, either keeping PGZ·HCl constant and varying RSV or vice versa, another coamorphous form was obtained when a 1:1 molar ratio was employed. In the case of the other outcomes, it was observed that they were a mixture of solid forms coexisting simultaneously with the coamorphous forms (1:1 or 2:1) together with the drug that was in excess. When RSV was in excess, it was in an amorphous form. In the case of PGZ·HCl, it was found in a semicrystalline form. The intrinsic dissolution rates (IDRs) of the solid forms of PGZ·HCl-RSV in stoichiometric ratios (1:1, 2:1, 1:4, 6:1, and 1:10) were evaluated. Interestingly, a synchronized release of both drugs in the dissolution medium was observed. In the case of the release of RSV, there were no improvements in the dissolution profiles, because the acidic media caused the formation of degradation products, limiting any probable modification in the dissolution processes. However, the coamorphous 2:1 form exhibited an improvement of 1.03 times with respect to pure PGZ·HCl. It is proposed that the modification of the dissolution process of the coamorphous 2:1 form was limited by changes in the pH of the media as RSV consumes protons from the media due to degradation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Fernanda Muñoz Tecocoatzi
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 14000, Mexico
| | - José C. Páez-Franco
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 14000, Mexico
| | - Kenneth Rubio-Carrasco
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacia, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Núñez-Pineda
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable CCIQS UAEM-UNAM, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5, Toluca C.P. 50200, Mexico
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Dorazco-González
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Inés Fuentes-Noriega
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacia, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Alfredo R. Vilchis-Néstor
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable CCIQS UAEM-UNAM, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5, Toluca C.P. 50200, Mexico
| | - Lilian I. Olvera
- Instituto de Investigacioes en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, CU Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - David Morales-Morales
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Germán-Acacio
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 14000, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pöstges F, Kayser K, Appelhaus J, Monschke M, Gütschow M, Steinebach C, Wagner KG. Solubility Enhanced Formulation Approaches to Overcome Oral Delivery Obstacles of PROTACs. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010156. [PMID: 36678785 PMCID: PMC9863516 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PROteolysis TArgeting Chimaeras (PROTACs) offer new opportunities in modern medicine by targeting proteins that are undruggable to classic inhibitors. However, due to their hydrophobic structure, PROTACs typically suffer from low solubility, and oral bioavailability remains challenging. At the same time, due to their investigative state, the drug supply is meager, leading to limited possibilities in terms of formulation development. Therefore, we investigated the solubility enhancement employing mini-scale formulations of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) and liquisolid formulations of the prototypic PROTAC ARCC-4. Based on preliminary supersaturation testing, HPMCAS (L Grade) and Eudragit® L 100-55 (EL 100-55) were demonstrated to be suitable polymers for supersaturation stabilization of ARCC-4. These two polymers were selected for preparing ASDs via vacuum compression molding (VCM), using drug loads of 10 and 20%, respectively. The ASDs were subsequently characterized with respect to their solid state via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Non-sink dissolution testing revealed that the physical mixtures (PMs) did not improve dissolution. At the same time, all ASDs enabled pronounced supersaturation of ARCC-4 without precipitation for the entire dissolution period. In contrast, liquisolid formulations failed in increasing ARCC-4 solubility. Hence, we demonstrated that ASD formation is a promising principle to overcome the low solubility of PROTACs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Pöstges
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kevin Kayser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Appelhaus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marius Monschke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Steinebach
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (K.G.W.); Tel.: +49-228-73-2308 (C.S.); +49-228-73-5271 (K.G.W.)
| | - Karl G. Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (K.G.W.); Tel.: +49-228-73-2308 (C.S.); +49-228-73-5271 (K.G.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bin SJB, Fong KS, Chua BW, Gupta M. Development of Biocompatible Bulk MgZnCa Metallic Glass with Very High Corrosion Resistance in Simulated Body Fluid. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8989. [PMID: 36556794 PMCID: PMC9784780 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium-zinc-calcium (Mg-Zn-Ca) alloys as a biomaterial have attracted much attention recently, owing to their excellent biocompatibility, similar mechanical properties to natural bone, and biodegradable properties. Despite the numerous advantages of MgZnCa alloys, the rapid degradation of magnesium proved challenging as the implant in unable to retain its structural integrity for a sufficient duration of time. For metallic glasses, the capability to produce a bulk sample that is sufficiently large for useful applications have been far less successful owing to challenging processing parameters that are required for rapid cooling. In this study, Mg65Zn30Ca5 melt-spun ribbons were produced using melt-spinning followed by spark plasma sintering under high pressure (60 MPa) at different temperatures (130-170 °C) to provide an insight into the consolidation, mechanical, and corrosion behavior. Microstructural interfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy while the thermal stability of the amorphous phase was characterized using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Here, pellets with 10 mm diameter and 10 mm height with a complete amorphous structure were achieved at a sintering temperature of 150 °C with densification as high at ~98%. Sintering at higher temperatures, while achieving higher densification, resulted in the presence of nano-crystallites. The mechanical properties were characterized using microhardness and compression tests. The hardness values of the sintered products were relatively higher to those containing crystallite phases while the ultimate compressive strength increased with increasing sintering temperature. Bio-corrosion properties were characterized via electrochemical testing with PBS as the electrolyte at 37 °C. The corrosion results suggest that the sintered samples have a significantly improved corrosion resistance as compared to as-cast samples. More notably, SPS150 (samples sintered at 150 °C) exhibited the best corrosion resistance (35× compared to as-cast in the context of corrosion current density), owing to its single-phase amorphous nature. This study clearly shows the potential of spark plasma sintering in consolidating amorphous ribbons to near-full density bulk pellets with high corrosion resistance for bio-applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Jie Bryan Bin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Kai Soon Fong
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 73 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637662, Singapore
| | - Beng Wah Chua
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 73 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637662, Singapore
| | - Manoj Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Evaluation of Different Thermoanalytical Methods for the Analysis of the Stability of Naproxen-Loaded Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112508. [PMID: 36432698 PMCID: PMC9692747 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate three thermoanalytical techniques from the glass transition temperature (Tg) determination point of view. In addition, the examination of the correlation between the measured Tg values and the stability of the amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) was also an important part of the work. The results showed that a similar tendency of the Tg can be observed in the case of the applied methods. However, Tg values measured by thermally stimulated depolarization currents showed higher deviation from the theoretical calculations than the values measured by modulated differential scanning calorimetry, referring better to the drug-polymer interactions. Indeed, the investigations after the stress stability tests revealed that micro-thermal analysis can indicate the most sensitive changes in the Tg values, better indicating the instability of the samples. In addition to confirming that the active pharmaceutical ingredient content is a crucial factor in the stability of ASDs containing naproxen and poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate), it is worthwhile applying orthogonal techniques to better understand the behavior of ASDs. The development of stable ASDs can be facilitated via mapping the molecular mobilities with suitable thermoanalytical methods.
Collapse
|
9
|
Nambiar AG, Singh M, Mali AR, Serrano DR, Kumar R, Healy AM, Agrawal AK, Kumar D. Continuous Manufacturing and Molecular Modeling of Pharmaceutical Amorphous Solid Dispersions. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:249. [PMID: 36056225 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions enhance solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The escalating number of drugs with poor aqueous solubility, poor dissolution, and poor oral bioavailability is an unresolved problem that requires adequate interventions. This review article highlights recent solubility and bioavailability enhancement advances using amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). The review also highlights the mechanism of enhanced dissolution and the challenges faced by ASD-based products, such as stability and scale-up. The role of process analytical technology (PAT) supporting continuous manufacturing is highlighted. Accurately predicting interactions between the drug and polymeric carrier requires long experimental screening methods, and this is a space where computational tools hold significant potential. Recent advancements in data science, computational tools, and easy access to high-end computation power are set to accelerate ASD-based research. Hence, particular emphasis has been given to molecular modeling techniques that can address some of the unsolved questions related to ASDs. With the advancement in PAT tools and artificial intelligence, there is an increasing interest in the continuous manufacturing of pharmaceuticals. ASDs are a suitable option for continuous manufacturing, as production of a drug product from an ASD by direct compression is a reality, where the addition of multiple excipients is easy to avoid. Significant attention is necessary for ongoing clinical studies based on ASDs, which is paving the way for the approval of many new ASDs and their introduction into the market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amritha G Nambiar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Maan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Abhishek R Mali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | | | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anne Marie Healy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ashish Kumar Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Manser M, Morgan BA, Feng X, Rhem RG, Dolovich MB, Xing Z, Cranston ED, Thompson MR. Dextran Mass Ratio Controls Particle Drying Dynamics in a Thermally Stable Dry Powder Vaccine for Pulmonary Delivery. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2315-2328. [PMID: 35854077 PMCID: PMC9296218 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03341-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thermally stable, spray dried vaccines targeting respiratory diseases are promising candidates for pulmonary delivery, requiring careful excipient formulation to effectively encapsulate and protect labile biologics. This study investigates the impact of dextran mass ratio and molecular weight on activity retention, thermal stability and aerosol behaviour of a labile adenoviral vector (AdHu5) encapsulated within a spray dried mannitol-dextran blend. METHODS Comparing formulations using 40 kDa or 500 kDa dextran at mass ratios of 1:3 and 3:1 mannitol to dextran, in vitro quantification of activity losses and powder flowability was used to assess suitability for inhalation. RESULTS Incorporating mannitol in a 1:3 ratio with 500 kDa dextran reduced viral titre processing losses below 0.5 log and displayed strong thermal stability under accelerated aging conditions. Moisture absorption and agglomeration was higher in dextran-rich formulations, but under low humidity the 1:3 ratio with 500 kDa dextran powder had the lowest mass median aerodynamic diameter (4.4 µm) and 84% emitted dose from an intratracheal dosator, indicating strong aerosol performance. CONCLUSIONS Overall, dextran-rich formulations increased viscosity during drying which slowed self-diffusion and favorably hindered viral partitioning at the particle surface. Reducing mannitol content also minimized AdHu5 exclusion from crystalline regions that can force the vector to air-solid interfaces where deactivation occurs. Although increased dextran molecular weight improved activity retention at the 1:3 ratio, it was less influential than the ratio parameter. Improving encapsulation ultimately allows inhalable vaccines to be prepared at higher potency, requiring less powder mass per inhaled dose and higher delivery efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myla Manser
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Blair A Morgan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Xueya Feng
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Rod G Rhem
- Firestone Research Aerosol Laboratory, St. Joseph's Healthcare and Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Myrna B Dolovich
- Firestone Research Aerosol Laboratory, St. Joseph's Healthcare and Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Zhou Xing
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Emily D Cranston
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada.,Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Michael R Thompson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Al Hujran TA, Magharbeh MK, Habashneh AY, Al-Dmour RS, Aboelela A, Tawfeek HM. Insight into the Inclusion Complexation of Fluconazole with Sulfonatocalix[4]naphthalene in Aqueous Solution, Solid-State, and Its Antimycotic Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144425. [PMID: 35889298 PMCID: PMC9317573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to assess the interaction between fluconazole and sulfonatocalix[4]naphthalene towards enhancing its dissolution performance and antimycotic activity. A solubility study was carried out at different pH conditions, and the results revealed the formation of a 1:1 molar ratio fluconazole-sulfonatocalix[4]naphthalene inclusion complex with an AL type phase solubility diagrams. The solid powder systems of fluconazole-sulfonatocalix[4]naphthalene were prepared using kneaded and co-evaporation techniques and physical mixtures. DCS, PXRD, TGA-DTG, FT-IR, and in vitro dissolution performance characterize the prepared systems. According to physicochemical characterization, the co-evaporation approach produces an amorphous inclusion complex of the drug inside the cavity of sulfonatocalix[4]naphthalene. The co-evaporate product significantly increased the drug dissolution rate up to 93 ± 1.77% within 10 min, unlike other prepared solid powders. The antimycotic activity showed an increase substantially (p ≤ 0.05, t-test) antimycotic activity of fluconazole co-evaporate mixture with sulfonatocalix[4]naphthalene compared with fluconazole alone against clinical strains of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. In conclusion, sulfonatocalix[4]naphthalene could be considered an efficient complexing agent for fluconazole to enhance its aqueous solubility, dissolution performance, and antimycotic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tayel A Al Hujran
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Mousa K Magharbeh
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Almeqdad Y Habashneh
- The Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Rasha S Al-Dmour
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Ashraf Aboelela
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Hesham M Tawfeek
- Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Thayumanasundaram S, Venkatesan TR, Ousset A, Van Hollebeke K, Aerts L, Wübbenhorst M, Van den Mooter G. Complementarity of mDSC, DMA, and DRS Techniques in the Study of Tg and Sub- Tg Transitions in Amorphous Solids: PVPVA, Indomethacin, and Amorphous Solid Dispersions Based on Indomethacin/PVPVA. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2299-2315. [PMID: 35674392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, glasses, a subset of amorphous solids, have gained attention in various fields, such as polymer chemistry, optical fibers, and pharmaceuticals. One of their characteristic features, the glass transition temperature (Tg) which is absent in 100% crystalline materials, influences several material properties, such as free volume, enthalpy, viscosity, thermodynamic transitions, molecular motions, physical stability, mechanical properties, etc. In addition to Tg, there may be several other temperature-dependent transitions known as sub-Tg transitions (or β-, γ-, and δ-relaxations) which are identified by specific analytical techniques. The study of Tg and sub-Tg transitions occurring in amorphous solids has gained much attention because of its importance in understanding molecular kinetics, and it requires the combination of conventional and novel characterization techniques. In the present study, three different analytical techniques [modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS)] were used to perform comprehensive qualitative/quantitative characterization of molecular relaxations, miscibility, and molecular interactions present in an amorphous polymer (PVPVA), a model drug (indomethacin, IND), and IND/PVPVA-based amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). This is the first ever reported DMA study on PVPVA in its powder form, which avoids the contribution of solvent to the mechanical properties when a self-standing polymer film is used. A good correlation between the techniques in determining the Tg value of PVPVA, IND, and IND/PVPVA-based ASDs is established, and the negligible difference (within 10 °C) is attributed to the different material properties assessed in each technique. However, the overall Tg behavior, the decrease in Tg with increase in drug loading in ASDs, is universally observed in all the above-mentioned techniques, which reveals their complementarity. DMA and DRS techniques are used to study the different sub-Tg transitions present in PVPVA, amorphous IND, and IND/PVPVA-based ASDs because these transitions are normally too weak or too broad for mDSC to detect. For IND/PVPVA-based ASDs, both techniques show a shift of sub-Tg transitions (or secondary relaxation peaks) toward the high-temperature region from -140 to -45 °C. Thus, this paper outlines the usage of different solid-state characterization techniques in understanding the different molecular dynamics present in the polymer, drug, and their interactions in ASDs with the integrated information obtained from individual techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thulasinath Raman Venkatesan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Aymeric Ousset
- Department of Product Design and Performance, UCB Pharma, 1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Kim Van Hollebeke
- Department of Product Design and Performance, UCB Pharma, 1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Luc Aerts
- Department of Product Design and Performance, UCB Pharma, 1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - Guy Van den Mooter
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alzahrani A, Nyavanandi D, Mandati P, Adel Ali Youssef A, Narala S, Bandari S, Repka M. A systematic and robust assessment of hot-melt extrusion-based amorphous solid dispersions: Theoretical prediction to practical implementation. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:121951. [PMID: 35753536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) have gained attention as a formulation strategy in recent years, with the potential to improve the apparent solubility and, hence, the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. The process of formulating ASDs is commonly faced with challenges owing to the intrinsic physical and chemical instability of the initial amorphous form and the long-term physical stability of drug formulations. Numerous research publications on hot-melt extrusion (HME) technology have demonstrated that it is the most efficient approach for manufacturing reasonably stable ASDs. The HME technique has been established as a faster scale-up production strategy for formulation evaluation and has the potential to minimize the time to market. Thermodynamic evaluation and theoretical predictions of drug-polymer solubility and miscibility may assist to reduce the product development cost by HME. This review article highlights robust and established prediction theories and experimental approaches for the selection of polymeric carriers for the development of hot melt extrusion based stable amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). In addition, this review makes a significant contribution to the literature as a pilot guide for ASD assessment, as well as to confirm the drug-polymer compatibility and physical stability of HME-based formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677; Department of Pharmacy, East Jeddah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah 22253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dinesh Nyavanandi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Preethi Mandati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Ahmed Adel Ali Youssef
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Sagar Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Suresh Bandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Michael Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Cellulose ethers are naturally derived ingredients that are commonly used in personal care products as rheology modifiers, film formers, stabilizers, and sensorial agents. In this work, we investigated the physicochemical properties of various grades of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), methylcellulose (MC), and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). In addition, we also studied the influence of hydrophobic modification on the structure of HEC by carrying out experiments with cetyl hydroxyethylcellulose (HMHEC). Rheological, friction coefficient, dynamic vapor sorption (DVS), surface tension analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data were generated for the cellulose ethers in order to obtain information about their viscosity, lubricity, moisture absorption, solubility in the bulk solution phase, physical properties, and thermal degradation profile, respectively.
Collapse
|
15
|
Lambros M, Tran T(H, Fei Q, Nicolaou M. Citric Acid: A Multifunctional Pharmaceutical Excipient. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:972. [PMID: 35631557 PMCID: PMC9148065 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Citric acid, a tricarboxylic acid, has found wide application in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry due to its biocompatibility, versatility, and green, environmentally friendly chemistry. This review emphasizes the pharmaceutical uses of citric acid as a strategic ingredient in drug formulation while focusing on the impact of its physicochemical properties. The functionality of citric acid is due to its three carboxylic groups and one hydroxyl group. These allow it to be used in many ways, including its ability to be used as a crosslinker to form biodegradable polymers and as a co-former in co-amorphous and co-crystal applications. This paper also analyzes the effect of citric acid in physiological processes and how this effect can be used to enhance the attributes of pharmaceutical preparations, as well as providing a critical discussion on the issues that may arise out of the presence of citric acid in formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lambros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (T.T.); (Q.F.)
| | - Thac (Henry) Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (T.T.); (Q.F.)
| | - Qinqin Fei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (T.T.); (Q.F.)
| | - Mike Nicolaou
- Doric Pharma LLC, 5270 California Ave, Suite 300, Irvine, CA 92617, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alhajj N, O'Reilly NJ, Cathcart H. Development and Characterization of a Spray-Dried Inhalable Ciprofloxacin-Quercetin Co-Amorphous System. Int J Pharm 2022; 618:121657. [PMID: 35288220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Spray drying is an increasingly used particle engineering technique for the production of dry powders for inhalation. However, the amorphous nature of most spray-dried particles remains a big challenge affecting both the chemical and the physical stability of the dried particles. Here, we study the possibility of producing co-amorphous ciprofloxacin-quercetin inhalable particles with improved amorphous stability compared to the individual amorphous drugs. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), a broad-spectrum antibiotic, was co-spray dried with quercetin (QUE), a compound with antibiofilm properties, from an ethanol-water co-solvent system at 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios to investigate the formation of co-amorphous CIP-QUE particles. Differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) were used for solid-state characterization; dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) was used for investigating the moisture sorption behaviour. The intermolecular interaction was studied via solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; the miscibility of the drugs was predicted via free energy calculations based on the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (χ). A next generation impactor (NGI) was used to study the in vitro aerosol performance of the spray-dried powders. The physicochemical characteristics such as particle size, density, morphology, cohesion, water content and saturation solubility of the spray-dried powders were also studied. The co-spray-dried CIP-QUE powders prepared at the three molar ratios were predominantly amorphous. However, differences were observed between sample types. It was found that at a molar ratio of 1:1, CIP and QUE form a single co-amorphous system. However, increasing the molar ratio of either drug results in the formation of an additional amorphous phase, formed from the excess of the corresponding drug. Despite these differences, DVS showed that elevated humidity had a much lower influence on all three co-amorphous systems compared with the individual amorphous drugs. In vitro aerosolization study showed co-deposition of the two drugs from CIP-QUE powders with a desirable aerosol performance (ED ∼ 72% - 94%; FPF ∼ 48% - 65%) whereas QUE-only amorphous powder had an ED of 36% and a FPF of 22%. In summary, spray-dried CIP-QUE combinations resulted in co-amorphous systems with boosted stability and improved aerosol performance with the 1:1 molar ratio exhibiting the greatest improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Alhajj
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland.
| | - Niall J O'Reilly
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland; SSPC - The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Ireland
| | - Helen Cathcart
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Edueng K, Kabedev A, Ekdahl A, Mahlin D, Baumann J, Mudie D, Bergström CAS. Pharmaceutical profiling and molecular dynamics simulations reveal crystallization effects in amorphous formulations. Int J Pharm 2021; 613:121360. [PMID: 34896563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Robust and reliable in vivo performance of medicines based on amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) depend on maintenance of physical stability and efficient supersaturation. However, molecular drivers of these two kinetic processes are poorly understood. Here we used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations coupled with experimental assessments to explore supersaturation, nucleation, and crystal growth. The effect of drug loading on physical stability and supersaturation potential was highly drug specific. Storage under humid conditions influenced crystallization, but also resulted in morphological changes and particle fusion. This led to increased particle size, which significantly reduced dissolution rate. MD simulations identified the importance of nano-compartmentalization in the crystallization rate of the ASDs. Nucleation during storage did not inherently compromise the ASD. Rather, the poorer performance resulted from a combination of properties of the compound, nanostructures formed in the formulation, and crystallization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah Edueng
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aleksei Kabedev
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alyssa Ekdahl
- Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Denny Mahlin
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; AstraZeneca Operations, Forskargatan 18, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - John Baumann
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, OR 97703, USA
| | - Deanna Mudie
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, OR 97703, USA
| | - Christel A S Bergström
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Baeza R, Chirife J. Anthocyanin content and storage stability of spray/freeze drying microencapsulated anthocyanins from berries: a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2021-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A comprehensive literature search for articles published on spray and freeze-dried anthocyanins from a large variety of berries was performed. Out of a total of two-hundred and eight collected values, anthocyanin content in encapsulates had a 120-fold variation depending on the raw material and type of encapsulating agents. Highest observed anthocyanin concentration amounted to about 3500 mg/100 g powder. In most cases increasing the amount of encapsulant agents led to a noticeable reduction in the concentration of anthocyanins, this being attributable to a predominance of the dilution effect. Retention of encapsulated anthocyanins after storage at 25 °C (in darkness) for periods between 90 and 180 days were in the range of 80–67%, as long as the water activity (aw) was 0.33 or less. Some predicted values of half-time (t1/2) from literature must be taken with precaution since in many cases they were derived from experimental measurements taken at storage times smaller than predicted half times. Anthocyanin degradation during storage occurred even below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the amorphous matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Baeza
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA) , Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1300 (C1107AAZ), C.A.B.A. , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Jorge Chirife
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA) , Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1300 (C1107AAZ), C.A.B.A. , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Groёl S, Menzen T, Winter G. Calorimetric Investigation of the Relaxation Phenomena in Amorphous Lyophilized Solids. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1735. [PMID: 34684028 PMCID: PMC8538343 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the thermal history and relaxation of solid amorphous drug product matrices by calorimetry is a well-known approach, particularly in the context of correlating the matrix parameters with the long-term stability of freeze-dried protein drug products. Such calorimetric investigations are even more relevant today, as the application of new process techniques in freeze-drying (which strongly influence the thermal history of the products) has recently gained more interest. To revive the application of calorimetric methods, the widely scattered knowledge on this matter is condensed into a review and completed with new experimental data. The calorimetric methods are applied to recent techniques in lyophilization, such as controlled nucleation and aggressive/collapse drying. Phenomena such as pre-Tg events in differential scanning calorimetry and aging shoulders in isothermal microcalorimetry are critically reviewed and supplemented with data of freeze-dried products that have not been characterized with these methods before.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Groёl
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Menzen
- Coriolis Pharma Research GmbH, 82152 Munich, Germany;
| | - Gerhard Winter
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Silva JF, Rosado MT, Eusébio MES. Structure and energetics of intermolecular association in two lurasidone co-amorphous drug systems. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
21
|
Harris N, Benedict J, Dickie DA, Pagola S. Mechanochemical synthesis insights and solid-state characterization of quininium aspirinate, a glass-forming drug-drug salt. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2021; 77:566-576. [PMID: 34482301 PMCID: PMC8418670 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229621008275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinine (an antimalarial) and aspirin (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) were combined into a new drug-drug salt, quininium aspirinate, C20H25N2O2+·C9H7O4-, by liquid-assisted grinding using stoichiometric amounts of the reactants in a 1:1 molar ratio, and water, EtOH, toluene, or heptane as additives. A tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution of the mechanochemical product prepared using EtOH as additive led to a single crystal of the same material obtained by mechanochemistry, which was used for crystal structure determination at 100 K. Powder X-ray diffraction ruled out crystallographic phase transitions in the 100-295 K interval. Neat mechanical treatment (in a mortar and pestle, or in a ball mill at 20 or 30 Hz milling frequencies) gave rise to an amorphous phase, as shown by powder X-ray diffraction; however, FT-IR spectroscopy unambiguously indicates that a mechanochemical reaction has occurred. Neat milling the reactants at 10 and 15 Hz led to incomplete reactions. Thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry indicate that the amorphous and crystalline mechanochemical products form glasses/supercooled liquids before melting, and do not recrystallize upon cooling. However, the amorphous material obtained by neat grinding crystallizes upon storage into the salt reported. The mechanochemical synthesis, crystal structure analysis, Hirshfeld surfaces, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, FT-IR spectroscopy, and aqueous solubility of quininium aspirinate are herein reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nehemiah Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4402 Elkhorn Ave., Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Jubilee Benedict
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4402 Elkhorn Ave., Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Silvina Pagola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4402 Elkhorn Ave., Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kapourani A, Palamidi A, Kontogiannopoulos KN, Bikiaris ND, Barmpalexis P. Drug Amorphous Solid Dispersions Based on Poly(vinyl Alcohol): Evaluating the Effect of Poly(propylene Succinate) as Plasticizer. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172922. [PMID: 34502962 PMCID: PMC8434550 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although significant actions have been taken towards the utilization of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in the preparation of drug amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) using fusion-based techniques (such as melt-quench cooling and hot-melt extrusion), several drawbacks regarding its rather high melting temperature and its thermal degradation profile make the use of the polymer extremely challenging. This is especially important when the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) has a lower melting temperature (than PVA) or when it is thermally labile. In this vein, a previous study showed that newly synthesized polyester-based plasticizers may improve the processability and the thermal properties of PVA. However, the effects of such polyester-based plasticizers on the drug’s physicochemical and pharmaco-technical properties are yet unknown. Hence, the aim of the present study is to extend our previous findings and evaluate the use of poly(propylene succinate) (PPSu, i.e., the most promising plasticizer in regard to PVA) in the preparation of drug-loaded PVA-based ASDs. Dronedarone (DRN), a poorly water-soluble API, was selected as a model drug, and drug ASDs (using either neat PVA or PVA-PPSu) were prepared using the melt-mixing/quench cooling approach at low melting temperatures (i.e., 170 °C). DSC and pXRD analysis showed that a portion of the API remained crystalline in the ASDs prepared only with the use of neat PVA, while the samples having PPSu as a plasticizer were completely amorphous. Further evaluation with ATR-FTIR spectroscopy revealed the formation of significant intermolecular interactions between the API and the PVA-PPSu matrix, which could explain the system’s physical stability during storage. Finally, dissolution studies, conducted under nonsink conditions, revealed that the use of PVA-PPSu is able to maintain DRN’s sustained supersaturation for up to 8 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Kapourani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.P.); (K.N.K.)
| | - Artemis Palamidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.P.); (K.N.K.)
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos N. Kontogiannopoulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.P.); (K.N.K.)
| | - Nikolaos D. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.P.); (K.N.K.)
- Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence-AUTH (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Newman A, Zografi G. What Are the Important Factors That Influence API Crystallization in Miscible Amorphous API-Excipient Mixtures during Long-Term Storage in the Glassy State? Mol Pharm 2021; 19:378-391. [PMID: 34378939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this Perspective, the authors examine the various factors that should be considered when attempting to use miscible amorphous API-excipient mixtures (amorphous solid dispersions and coamorphous systems) to prevent the solid-state crystallization of API molecules when isothermally stored for long periods of time (a year or more) in the glassy state. After presenting an overview of a variety of studies designed to obtain a better understanding of possible mechanisms by which amorphous API undergo physical instability and by which excipients generally appear to inhibit API crystallization from the amorphous state, we examined 78 studies that reported acceptable physical stability of such systems, stored below Tg under "dry" conditions for one year or more. These results were examined more closely in terms of two major contributing factors: the degree to which a reduction in diffusional molecular mobility and API-excipient molecular interactions operates to inhibit crystallization. These two parameters were chosen because the data are readily available in early development to help compare amorphous systems. Since Tg - T = 50 K is often used as a rule of thumb for the establishing the minimum value below Tg required to reduce diffusional mobility to a period of years, it was interesting to observe that 30 of the 78 studies still produced significant physical stability at values of Tg - T < 50 K (3-47 °C), suggesting that factors besides diffusive molecular mobility likely contribute. A closer look at the Tg - T < 50 systems shows that hydrogen bonding, proton transfer, disruption of API-API self-associations (such as dimers), and possible π-π stacking were reported for most of the systems. In contrast, five crystallized systems that were monitored for a year or more were also examined. These systems exhibited Tg - T values of 9-79, with three of them exhibiting Tg - T < 50. For these three samples, none displayed molecular interactions by infrared spectroscopy. A discussion on the impact of relative humidity on long-term crystallization in the glass was included, with attention paid to the relative water vapor sorption by various excipients and effects on diffusive mobility and molecular interactions between API and excipient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Newman
- Seventh Street Development Group, Kure Beach, North Carolina 28449, United States
| | - George Zografi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Al-Obaidi H, Granger A, Hibbard T, Opesanwo S. Pulmonary Drug Delivery of Antimicrobials and Anticancer Drugs Using Solid Dispersions. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1056. [PMID: 34371747 PMCID: PMC8309119 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that currently available inhaled drug formulations are associated with extremely low lung deposition. Currently available technologies alleviate this low deposition problem via mixing the drug with inert larger particles, such as lactose monohydrate. Those inert particles are retained in the inhalation device or impacted in the throat and swallowed, allowing the smaller drug particles to continue their journey towards the lungs. While this seems like a practical approach, in some formulations, the ratio between the carrier to drug particles can be as much as 30 to 1. This limitation becomes more critical when treating lung conditions that inherently require large doses of the drug, such as antibiotics and antivirals that treat lung infections and anticancer drugs. The focus of this review article is to review the recent advancements in carrier free technologies that are based on coamorphous solid dispersions and cocrystals that can improve flow properties, and help with delivering larger doses of the drug to the lungs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Al-Obaidi
- The School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AD, UK; (A.G.); (T.H.); (S.O.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Al Hujran TA, Magharbeh MK, Al-Gharabli S, Haddadin RR, Al Soub MN, Tawfeek HM. Studying the Complex Formation of Sulfonatocalix[4]naphthalene and Meloxicam towards Enhancing Its Solubility and Dissolution Performance. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070994. [PMID: 34209201 PMCID: PMC8309163 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between meloxicam and sulfonatocalix [4] naphthalene was investigated to improve the meloxicam solubility and its dissolution performance. Solubility behavior was investigated in distilled water (DW) and at different pH conditions. Besides, solid systems were prepared in a 1:1 molar ratio using coevaporate, kneading, and simple physical mixture techniques. Further, they were characterized by PXRD, FT-IR, DCS, and TGA. In vitro dissolution rate for coevaporate, kneaded, and physical mixture powders were also investigated. Solubility study revealed that meloxicam solubility significantly increased about 23.99 folds at phosphate buffer of pH 7.4 in the presence of sulfonatocalix [4] naphthalene. The solubility phase diagram was classified as AL type, indicating the formation of 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex. PXRD, FT-IR, DCS, and TGA pointed out the formation of an inclusion complex between meloxicam and sulfonatocalix [4] naphthalene solid powders prepared using coevaporate technique. In addition, in vitro meloxicam dissolution studies revealed an improvement of the drug dissolution rate. Furthermore, a significantly higher drug release (p ≤ 0.05) and a complete dissolution was achieved during the first 10 min compared with the other solid powders and commercial meloxicam product. The coevaporate product has the highest increasing dissolution fold and RDR10 in the investigated media, with average values ranging from 5.4-65.28 folds and 7.3-90.7, respectively. In conclusion, sulfonatocalix [4] naphthalene is a promising host carrier for enhancing the solubility and dissolution performance of meloxicam with an anticipated enhanced bioavailability and fast action for acute and chronic pain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tayel A. Al Hujran
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan; (M.K.M.); (R.R.H.); (M.N.A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +962-790-476-947
| | - Mousa K. Magharbeh
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan; (M.K.M.); (R.R.H.); (M.N.A.S.)
| | - Samer Al-Gharabli
- Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering Department, School of Applied Medical Sciences, German Jordanian University, Amman 11118, Jordan;
| | - Rula R. Haddadin
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan; (M.K.M.); (R.R.H.); (M.N.A.S.)
| | - Manal N. Al Soub
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan; (M.K.M.); (R.R.H.); (M.N.A.S.)
| | - Hesham M. Tawfeek
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nanaki SG, Andrianidou S, Barmpalexis P, Christodoulou E, Bikiaris DN. Leflunomide Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for the Preparation of Aliphatic Polyester Based Skin Patches. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101539. [PMID: 34064952 PMCID: PMC8151527 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the preparation of controlled-released leflunomide (LFD)-loaded skin patches was evaluated, utilizing the combination of chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (NPs) incorporated into suitable poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) or poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polyester matrices. Initially, LFD-loaded CS NPs of ~600 nm and a smooth surface were prepared, while strong inter-molecular interactions between the drug and the CS were unraveled. In the following step, the prepared LFD-loaded CS NPs were incorporated into PLLA or PLGA, and thin-film patches were prepared via spin-coating. Analysis of the prepared films showed that the incorporation of the drug-loaded CS NPs resulted in a significant increase in the drug’s release rate and extent as compared to neat LFD-loaded polyester patches (i.e., prepared without the use of CS NPs). In-depth analysis of the prepared formulations showed that the amorphization of the drug within the matrix and the increased wetting properties of the prepared CS NPs were responsible for the improved thin-film patch characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula G. Nanaki
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.G.N.); (S.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Sophia Andrianidou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.G.N.); (S.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Evi Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.G.N.); (S.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.G.N.); (S.A.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-997812
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mathers A, Hassouna F, Klajmon M, Fulem M. Comparative Study of DSC-Based Protocols for API-Polymer Solubility Determination. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1742-1757. [PMID: 33656884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) solubility in a polymer is imperative for successful amorphous solid dispersion design and formulation but acquiring this information at storage temperature is challenging. Various solubility determination methods have been established, which utilize differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In this work, three commonly used DSC-based protocols [i.e., melting point depression (MPD), recrystallization, and zero-enthalpy extrapolation (Z-EE)] and a method that we have developed called "step-wise dissolution" (S-WD) were analyzed. For temperature-composition phase diagram construction, two glass-transition temperature equations (i.e., those of Gordon-Taylor and Kwei) and three solid-liquid equilibrium curve modeling approaches [i.e., the Flory-Huggins model, an empirical equation, and the perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) equation of state (EOS)] were considered. Indomethacin (IND) and Kollidon 12 PF (PVP K12) were selected as the API and polymer, respectively. An annealing time investigation revealed that the IND-PVP K12 dissolution process was remarkably faster than demixing, which contradicted previously published statements. Thus, the recrystallization method overestimated the solubility of IND in PVP K12 when a 2-h time of annealing was set as the benchmark. Likewise, the MPD and Z-EE methods overestimated the API solubility because of unreliable IND melting endotherm evaluation at lower API loadings and a relatively slow heating rate, respectively. When the experimental results obtained using the S-WD method (in conjunction with the Kwei equation) were applied to the PC-SAFT EOS, which was regarded as the most reliable combination, the predicted IND solubility in PVP K12 at T = 25 °C was approximately 40 wt %. When applicable, the S-WD method offers the advantage of using a limited number of DSC sample pans and API-polymer physical mixture compositions, which is both cost- and time-effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Mathers
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Fatima Hassouna
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Klajmon
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Fulem
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Co-amorphous (CAM) systems are promising drug-delivery systems in the arena of therapeutic drug delivery, addressing the poor aqueous solubility of drugs by enhancing solubility and thereby improving the oral bioavailability and therapeutic effect of the drug. A CAM system is a single-phase homogeneous blend of two or more low molecular weight molecules that can be drug–drug or drug–co-former, stabilized via intermolecular interactions, adding the benefit of thermodynamic stability. This review covers the fundamentals of CAM systems and recent advances in formulation development. In particular, we strive to address the theoretical, molecular, technical and biopharmaceutical aspects, advantages over polymeric amorphous solid dispersions, mechanisms of stabilization of amorphous forms, insights into unexplored in silico tools in excipient selection and regulatory viewpoints.
Collapse
|
29
|
Mudie DM, Buchanan S, Stewart AM, Smith A, Shepard KB, Biswas N, Marshall D, Ekdahl A, Pluntze A, Craig CD, Morgen MM, Baumann JM, Vodak DT. A novel architecture for achieving high drug loading in amorphous spray dried dispersion tablets. Int J Pharm X 2020; 2:100042. [PMID: 32154509 PMCID: PMC7058468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2020.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Amorphous Solid Dispersions (ASDs) effectively increase bioavailability, tablet mass can be high due to the large fraction of excipients needed to stabilize the amorphous drug in the solid state, extend drug supersaturation in solution and achieve robust manufacturability. The aim of this work was to reduce tablet mass of an ASD tablet comprising a low glass transition temperature (Tg), rapidly crystallizing drug without compromising these key attributes. In this approach, erlotinib (Tg = 42 °C, Tm/Tg = 1.4 K/K) was spray dried with the high Tg polymer poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) (Eudragit® L100, Evonik) (Tg = 187 °C) to facilitate high drug loading while maintaining physical stability. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) (AQOAT® HF, Shin-Etsu) was granulated with the ASD to extend supersaturation in solution. For comparison, a benchmark ASD was spray dried at a lower drug loading with HPMCAS-H (Tg = 119 °C). This High Loaded Dosage Form (HLDF) approach reduced tablet mass by 40%, demonstrated similar physical stability and in vitro performance as the benchmark and exhibited excellent downstream manufacturability. Strategically combining two different polymers in a tablet to maintain physical stability and sustain supersaturation in solution can decrease tablet mass of some low Tg, rapidly crystallizing amorphous drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M. Mudie
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, Oregon 97703, USA
| | - Stephanie Buchanan
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, Oregon 97703, USA
- Daniel Felix Ritchie School of Engineering & Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | | | - Adam Smith
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, Oregon 97703, USA
| | | | - Nishant Biswas
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, Oregon 97703, USA
| | - Derrick Marshall
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, Oregon 97703, USA
- Pivotal Drug Product Technologies, Amgen, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Alyssa Ekdahl
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, Oregon 97703, USA
- Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Amanda Pluntze
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, Oregon 97703, USA
| | | | | | - John M. Baumann
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, Oregon 97703, USA
| | - David T. Vodak
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, Oregon 97703, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pandi P, Bulusu R, Kommineni N, Khan W, Singh M. Amorphous solid dispersions: An update for preparation, characterization, mechanism on bioavailability, stability, regulatory considerations and marketed products. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119560. [PMID: 32565285 PMCID: PMC8691091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are being employed frequently to improve bioavailability of poorly soluble molecules by enhancing the rate and extant of dissolution in drug product development process. These systems comprise of an amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredient stabilized by a polymer matrix to provide enhanced stability. This review discussed the methodologies of preparation and characterization of ASDs with an emphasis on understanding and predicting stability. Rational selection of polymers, preparation techniques with its advantages and disadvantages and characterization of polymeric amorphous solid dispersions have discussed. Stability aspects have been described as per ICH guidelines which intend to depend on selection of polymers and preparation methods of ASD. The mechanism involved on improvement of bioavailability also considered. Regulatory importance of ASD and current evolving details of QBD approach were reviewed. Amorphous products and particularly ASDs are currently most emerging area in the pharmaceutical field. This strategic approach presents huge impact and advantageous features concerning the overall improvement of drug product performance in clinical settings which ultimately lead to drug product approval by leading regulatory agencies into the market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palpandi Pandi
- Department of Pharmacy, Employee State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Chennai 600078, India
| | - Raviteja Bulusu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada 533003, India
| | - Nagavendra Kommineni
- College of Pharmacy, Florida Agriculture and Mechanical University, FL 32307, USA
| | - Wahid Khan
- Natco Research Centre, NATCO Pharma Limited, Hyderabad 500018, India.
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy, Florida Agriculture and Mechanical University, FL 32307, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Adhikari BR, Bērziņš K, Fraser-Miller SJ, Gordon KC, Das SC. Co-Amorphization of Kanamycin with Amino Acids Improves Aerosolization. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12080715. [PMID: 32751553 PMCID: PMC7465208 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Different formulation techniques have been investigated to prepare highly aerosolizable dry powders to deliver a high dose of antibiotics to the lung for treating local infections. In this study, we investigated the influence of the co-amorphization of a model drug, kanamycin, with selected amino acids (valine, methionine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan) by co-spray drying on its aerosolization. The co-amorphicity was confirmed by thermal technique. The physical stability was monitored using low-frequency Raman spectroscopy coupled with principal component analysis. Except for the kanamycin-valine formulation, all the formulations offered improved fine particle fraction (FPF) with the highest FPF of 84% achieved for the kanamycin-methionine formulation. All the co-amorphous formulations were physically stable for 28 days at low relative humidity (25 °C/<15% RH) and exhibited stable aerosolization. At higher RH (53%), even though methionine transformed into its crystalline counterpart, the kanamycin-methionine formulation offered the best aerosolization stability without any decrease in FPF. While further studies are warranted to reveal the underlying mechanism, this study reports that the co-amorphization of kanamycin with amino acids, especially with methionine, has the potential to be developed as a high dose kanamycin dry powder formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kārlis Bērziņš
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (K.B.); (S.J.F.-M.); (K.C.G.)
| | - Sara J. Fraser-Miller
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (K.B.); (S.J.F.-M.); (K.C.G.)
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (K.B.); (S.J.F.-M.); (K.C.G.)
| | - Shyamal C. Das
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-34794262
| |
Collapse
|