1
|
Shah SF, Noorali S, Faizi S, Jabeen A. Patuletin Ameliorates Inflammation and Letrozole-Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4123. [PMID: 39294896 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Concerns about inflammation-related issues affecting female reproductive health are growing. Chronic low-grade inflammation in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) affects follicular growth, ovulation, and androgen production. The present investigation aimed to elucidate the efficacy of flavonoid patuletin in ameliorating the letrozole-induced PCOS and associated inflammation in rats. Female Wistar rats (32 days old) were divided into five groups (n = 12): Group I, control; Group II, vehicle control; Group III, letrozole oral (1 mg/kg) for 28 days; Group IV and Group V treatment groups, patuletin i.p. (25 mg/kg) and clomiphene citrate + metformin i.p. (50 mg/kg + 300 mg/kg), respectively. Leterozole-induced PCOS and ovarian inflammation were ameliorated by patuletin, as reflected in the improved histopathology, prevention of cyst formation, significant upregulation of growth factors such as growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) and bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP-15) expression, and a decrease in the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and COX-2. Additionally, the plasma levels of reproductive hormones were restored. Upregulation of FSH-R, PR, and CYP19a1, along with downregulation of ERα, LHR, CYP17a1, CYP11a1 and HSDβ17a1, showed the regulation of gonadotropin receptors and steroid biosynthesis genes in ovarian tissues. Patuletin demonstrated a promising protective approach against the biological model of PCOS by increasing the inflammation in ovarian tissues with consequent regulation of growth factors, enzymes, and hormones, and might be used as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of problems related to female reproductive health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Farah Shah
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Samina Noorali
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Henry N. Tisdale Molecular Science Research Center, Claflin University, Orangeburg, South Carolina, USA
| | - Shaheen Faizi
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ménoret A, Agliano F, Karginov TA, Hu X, Vella AT. IRAK4 is an immunological checkpoint in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16393. [PMID: 39014006 PMCID: PMC11252422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The search for dementia treatments, including treatments for neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE), has not yet uncovered useful therapeutic targets that mitigate underlying inflammation. Currently, NPSLE's limited treatment options are often accompanied by severe toxicity. Blocking toll-like receptor (TLR) and IL-1 receptor signal transduction by inhibiting interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) offers a new pathway for intervention. Using a pre-clinical NPSLE model, we compare lupus-like B6.MRL-Faslpr (MRL) mice with B6.MRL-Faslpr-IRAK4 kinase-dead (MRL-IRAK4-KD) mice, which are were less prone to 'general' lupus-like symptoms. We demonstrate that lupus-prone mice with a mutation in the kinase domain of IRAK4 no longer display typical lupus hallmarks such as splenomegaly, inflammation, production of hormones, and anti-double-stranded (ds)DNA antibody. water maze behavioral testing, which measures contextual associative learning, revealed that mice without functional IRAK4 displayed a recovery in memory acquisition deficits. RNA-seq approach revealed that cytokine and hormone signaling converge on the JAK/STAT pathways in the mouse hippocampus. Ultimately, the targets identified in this work may result in broad clinical value that can fill the significant scientific and therapeutic gaps precluding development of cures for dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Ménoret
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - Federica Agliano
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Timofey A Karginov
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Xiangyou Hu
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Norris AC, Yazlovitskaya EM, Yang TS, Mansueto A, Stafford JM, Graham TR. ATP10A deficiency results in male-specific infertility in mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1310593. [PMID: 38415274 PMCID: PMC10896839 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1310593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Over 8% of couples worldwide are affected by infertility and nearly half of these cases are due to male-specific issues where the underlying cause is often unknown. Therefore, discovery of new genetic factors contributing to male-specific infertility in model organisms can enhance our understanding of the etiology of this disorder. Here we show that murine ATP10A, a phospholipid flippase, is highly expressed in male reproductive organs, specifically the testes and vas deferens. Therefore, we tested the influence of ATP10A on reproduction by examining fertility of Atp10A knockout mice. Our findings reveal that Atp10A deficiency leads to male-specific infertility, but does not perturb fertility in the females. The Atp10A deficient male mice exhibit smaller testes, reduced sperm count (oligozoospermia) and lower sperm motility (asthenozoospermia). Additionally, Atp10A deficient mice display testes and vas deferens histopathological abnormalities, as well as altered total and relative amounts of hormones associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Surprisingly, circulating testosterone is elevated 2-fold in the Atp10A knockout mice while luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and inhibin B levels were not significantly different from WT littermates. The knockout mice also exhibit elevated levels of gonadotropin receptors and alterations to ERK, p38 MAPK, Akt, and cPLA2-dependent signaling in the testes. Atp10A was knocked out in the C57BL/6J background, which also carries an inactivating nonsense mutation in the closely related lipid flippase, Atp10D. We have corrected the Atp10D nonsense mutation using CRISPR/Cas9 and determined that loss of Atp10A alone is sufficient to cause infertility in male mice. Collectively, these findings highlight the critical role of ATP10A in male fertility in mice and provide valuable insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C. Norris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Tzushan Sharon Yang
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Alex Mansueto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John M. Stafford
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Todd R. Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Paula VG, Sinzato YK, Gallego FQ, Cruz LL, Aquino AMD, Scarano WR, Corrente JE, Volpato GT, Damasceno DC. Intergenerational Hyperglycemia Impairs Mitochondrial Function and Follicular Development and Causes Oxidative Stress in Rat Ovaries Independent of the Consumption of a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2023; 15:4407. [PMID: 37892483 PMCID: PMC10609718 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the influence of maternal hyperglycemia and the post-weaning consumption of a high-fat diet on the mitochondrial function and ovarian development of the adult pups of diabetic rats. Female rats received citrate buffer (Control-C) or Streptozotocin (for diabetes induction-D) on postnatal day 5. These adult rats were mated to obtain female pups (O) from control dams (OC) or from diabetic dams (OD), and they received a standard diet (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD) from weaning to adulthood and were distributed into OC/SD, OC/HFD, OD/SD, and OD/HFD. In adulthood, the OGTT and AUC were performed. These rats were anesthetized and euthanized for sample collection. A high percentage of diabetic rats were found to be in the OD/HFD group (OD/HFD 40% vs. OC/SD 0% p < 0.05). Progesterone concentrations were lower in the experimental groups (OC/HFD 0.40 ± 0.04; OD/SD 0.30 ± 0.03; OD/HFD 0.24 ± 0.04 vs. OC/SD 0.45 ± 0.03 p < 0.0001). There was a lower expression of MFF (OD/SD 0.34 ± 0.33; OD/HFD 0.29 ± 0.2 vs. OC/SD 1.0 ± 0.41 p = 0.0015) and MFN2 in the OD/SD and OD/HFD groups (OD/SD 0.41 ± 0.21; OD/HFD 0.77 ± 0.18 vs. OC/SD 1.0 ± 0.45 p = 0.0037). The number of follicles was lower in the OD/SD and OD/HFD groups. A lower staining intensity for SOD and Catalase and higher staining intensity for MDA were found in ovarian cells in the OC/HFD, OD/SD, and OD/HFD groups. Fetal programming was responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction, ovarian reserve loss, and oxidative stress; the association of maternal diabetes with an HFD was responsible for the higher occurrence of diabetes in female adult pups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verônyca Gonçalves Paula
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| | - Yuri Karen Sinzato
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| | - Franciane Quintanilha Gallego
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Lopes Cruz
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariana Musa de Aquino
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - Wellerson Rodrigo Scarano
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Corrente
- Research Support Office, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Tadeu Volpato
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças 78600-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Débora Cristina Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Roach CM, Bidne KL, Romoser MR, Ross JW, Baumgard LH, Keating AF. Impact of heat stress on prolactin-mediated ovarian JAK-STAT signaling in postpubertal gilts. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6620801. [PMID: 35772766 PMCID: PMC9246670 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) compromises almost every aspect of animal agriculture including reproduction. In pigs, this infecundity is referred to as seasonal infertility (SI), a phenotype including ovarian dysfunction. In multiple species, HS-induced hyperprolactinemia has been described; hence, our study objectives were to characterize and compare HS effects on circulating prolactin (PRL) and ovarian Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling during the follicular (FOL) or luteal (LUT) phases of the estrous cycle in postpubertal gilts. Gilts were estrus synchronized using altrenogest and environmental treatments began immediately after altrenogest withdrawal. For the FOL study: postpubertal gilts were allocated to constant thermoneutral (TN; n = 6; 20 ± 1.2 °C) or cyclical HS (n = 6; 25 to 32 ± 1.2 °C) conditions for 5 d. In the LUT study: postpubertal gilts were assigned to either TN (n = 7; 20 ± 2.6 °C) or cyclical HS (n = 7; 32 to 35 ± 2.6 °C) conditions from 2 to 12 days postestrus (dpe). Blood was collected by jugular venipuncture for PRL quantification on day 5 in the FOL and on day 0 and day 12 in the LUT gilts. Ovaries and corpora lutea (CL) were obtained from euthanized FOL and LUT gilts on day 5 and day 12, respectively. Western blotting was performed to quantify prolactin receptor (PRLR) and JAK/STAT pathway protein abundance. In the FOL phase, no difference (P = 0.20) in circulating PRL between thermal groups was observed. There was no effect (P ≥ 0.34) of HS on PRLR, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), signal transducer and activator of transcription 5α (STAT5α), and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription α/β tyrosine 694/699 (pSTAT5α/βTyr694/699) abundance and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), phosphorylated janus kinase 2 tyrosine 1007/1008 (pJAK2Tyr1007/1008), STAT1, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 tyrosine 701 (pSTAT1Tyr701), phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 serine 727 (pSTAT1Ser727), and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 tyrosine 705 (pSTAT3Tyr705) were undetectable in FOL gilt ovaries. Ovarian pSTAT5α/βTyr694/699 abundance tended to moderately increase (4%; P = 0.07) in FOL gilts by HS. In the LUT phase, circulating PRL increased progressively from 2 to 12 dpe, but no thermal treatment-induced difference (P = 0.37) was noted. There was no effect (P ≥ 0.16) of HS on CL abundance of PRLR, pJAK2Tyr1007/1008, JAK2, STAT1, pSTAT1Tyr701, pSTAT1Ser727, pSTAT3Tyr705, STAT5α, or pSTAT5α/βTyr694/699. In LUT phase, CL STAT3 abundance was increased (11%; P < 0.03) by HS. There was no impact of HS (P ≥ 0.76) on levels of pJAK2Tyr1007/1008 and pSTAT5α/βTyr694/699 in LUT gilts; however, the CL pSTAT3Tyr705:STAT3 ratio tended to be decreased (P = 0.10) due to HS. These results indicate an HS-induced estrous cycle-stage-dependent effect on the ovarian JAK/STAT pathway, establishing a potential role for this signaling pathway as a potential contributor to SI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M Roach
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Katie L Bidne
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Matthew R Romoser
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jason W Ross
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Lance H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Aileen F Keating
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gururajan A. The impact of chronic stress on the PFC transcriptome: a bioinformatic meta-analysis of publicly available RNA-sequencing datasets. Stress 2022; 25:305-312. [PMID: 35983587 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2022.2111211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is one of several brain structures that are sensitive to chronic stress exposure. There have been several studies which have examined the effects on chronic stress, using various protocols such as chronic unpredictable stress and chronic social defeat stress, on the PFC transcriptome. In this report, a bioinformatic meta-analysis of publicly available RNA sequencing datasets (101 samples) from seven chronic stress studies was carried out to identify core PFC transcriptional signatures that underpin behavioral phenotypes including resilience and susceptibility. The results showed 160 differentially expressed genes in chronic stress mice compared to controls with significant enrichment in mechanisms associated with translation and localization of membrane-bound proteins with a putative effect on synaptic plasticity in glutamatergic neurons. Moreover, the meta-analysis revealed no differentially expressed genes in resilient mice but 144 in susceptible mice compared to controls, of which 44 were not identified in the individual studies. Enrichment analysis revealed that susceptibility genes were most affected in oligodendrocytes and linked to mechanisms which mediate biochemical, bidirectional communication between this cell-type and myelinated axons. These results provide new avenues for further research into the neurobiology and treatment of chronic stress-induced disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Gururajan
- Brain & Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang J, Yang X, Chen M, Yan X, Gao L, Xu Y, Lu J, Li Z, Lu C, Deng Y, Li H, Shi D, Lu F. Hypoxia promotes steroidogenic competence of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) theca cells. Theriogenology 2021; 180:113-120. [PMID: 34971972 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Theca cells (TCs) play an important role in follicular development and atresia. TCs synthesize androgens that act as substrate for granulosa cells aromatization to estrogens needed for follicular growth. However, the effects of hypoxia on steroidogenesis in buffalo TCs remain unclear. In the present study, the impacts of hypoxic conditions (5% oxygen) on androgen synthesis in buffalo TCs were examined. The results showed that hypoxia improved both the expression levels of androgen synthesis-related genes (CYP11A1, CYP17A1, and 3β-HSD) and the secretion levels of testosterone in buffalo TCs. Hypoxic conditions promoted the sensitivity of buffalo TCs to LH. Furthermore, inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway reduced both the expression levels of androgen synthesis-related genes (CYP11A1, CYP17A1, and 3β-HSD) and the secretion levels of testosterone in hypoxia-cultured buffalo TCs. Besides, inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway lowered the sensitivity of buffalo TCs to LH under hypoxic conditions. This study indicated that hypoxia enhanced the steroidogenic competence of buffalo TCs main through activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and subsequently facilitating the responsiveness of TCs to LH. This study provides a basis for further exploration of ovarian endocrine mechanism for steroidogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Xiaofen Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Mengjia Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Xi Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Lv Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Jiaka Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Zhengda Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Canqiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Yanfei Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Fenghua Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nasca C, Dobbin J, Bigio B, Watson K, de Angelis P, Kautz M, Cochran A, Mathé AA, Kocsis JH, Lee FS, Murrough JW, McEwen BS, Rasgon N. Insulin receptor substrate in brain-enriched exosomes in subjects with major depression: on the path of creation of biosignatures of central insulin resistance. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5140-5149. [PMID: 32536688 PMCID: PMC7787430 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Insulin signaling is critical for neuroplasticity, cerebral metabolism as well as for systemic energy metabolism. In rodent studies, impaired brain insulin signaling with resultant insulin resistance (IR) modulates synaptic plasticity and the corresponding behavioral functions. Despite discoveries of central actions of insulin, in vivo molecular mechanisms of brain IR until recently have proven difficult to study in the human brain. In the current study, we leveraged recent technological advances in molecular biology and herein report an increased number of exosomes enriched for L1CAM, a marker predominantly expressed in the brain, in subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) as compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). We also report increased concentration of the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in L1CAM+ exosomes in subjects with MDD as compared with age- and sex-matched HC. We found a relationship between expression of IRS-1 in L1CAM+ exosomes and systemic IR as assessed by homeostatic model assessment of IR in HC, but not in subjects with MDD. The increased IRS-1 levels in L1CAM+ exosomes were greater in subjects with MDD and were associated with suicidality and anhedonia. Finally, our data suggested sex differences in serine-312 phosphorylation of IRS-1 in L1CAM+ exosomes in subjects with MDD. These findings provide a starting point for creating mechanistic framework of brain IR in further development of personalized medicine strategies to effectively treat MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Nasca
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Josh Dobbin
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| | - Benedetta Bigio
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| | - Kathleen Watson
- Center for Neuroscience in Women’s Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 91304, USA
| | - Paolo de Angelis
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| | - Marin Kautz
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Ashly Cochran
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aleksander A Mathé
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James H Kocsis
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francis S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - James W Murrough
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Bruce S McEwen
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| | - Natalie Rasgon
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. .,Center for Neuroscience in Women's Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 91304, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kedem A, Ulanenko-Shenkar K, Yung Y, Youngster M, Avraham S, Yerushalmi GM, Hourvitz A. The Involvement of Lumican in Human Ovulatory Processes. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:366-373. [PMID: 34240328 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Based on a previous global transcriptome sequencing project, we hypothesized that Lumican (LUM) might play a role in ovulatory processes. We sought to determine LUM gene expression under various conditions in human preovulatory follicles. The in vitro expression of LUM mRNA in mural (MGCs) and cumulus (CGCs) granulosa cells was characterized using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Immunohistochemical staining was used to identify human LUM expression in follicles at different developmental stages. Cell signaling studies were performed by treating human MGCs with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and both, different stimulators and inhibitors to determine their effect on LUM expression by using qRT-PCR. Cell confluence studies were carried out to study the correlation between LUM expression and follicle cell proliferation. Follicular MGCs and CGCs of women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures due to endometriosis were analyzed for differences in LUM expression patterns by qRT-PCR. LUM mRNA expression was significantly higher in MGCs as compared to CGCs. In CGCs, LUM mRNA was higher in mature metaphase II (MII) oocytes than in germinal vesicle (GV) and metaphase I (MI) oocytes. LUM expression was significantly upregulated in response to hCG in cultured MGCs. Immunohistochemistry of human ovaries revealed LUM was mostly present in MGCs of large preovulatory and postovulatory follicles and absent from primordial follicles. Using pharmacological activators and inhibitors, we demonstrated that LUM induction by luteinizing hormone (LH)/hCG is carried through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) pathway. LUM expression was induced in high-density cell cultures in a confluence-dependent manner. MGCs from follicles of subjects with endometriosis exhibited reduced mRNA transcription levels compared to control subjects. Our study confirms that LUM is a newly discovered ovulatory gene. LUM might play an important role during the preovulatory period up until ovulation as well as in endometriosis infertility. A better understanding of LUM's role might provide potential new treatment paradigms for some types of female infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kedem
- Human Reproduction Lab and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel. .,IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - K Ulanenko-Shenkar
- Human Reproduction Lab and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Y Yung
- Human Reproduction Lab and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - M Youngster
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - S Avraham
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - G M Yerushalmi
- Human Reproduction Lab and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - A Hourvitz
- Human Reproduction Lab and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
De Sousa RAL, Harmer AR, Freitas DA, Mendonça VA, Lacerda ACR, Leite HR. An update on potential links between type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6347-6356. [PMID: 32740795 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) major feature is insulin resistance. Brain and peripheral insulin resistance lead to hyperglycemia, which contributes to the development of T2D-linked comorbidities, such as obesity and dyslipidemia. Individuals with hyperglycemia in AD present with neuronal loss, formation of plaques and tangles and reduced neurogenesis. Inflammation seems to play an essential role in the development of insulin resistance in AD and T2D. We conducted a literature review about the links between AD and T2D. Alterations in glucose metabolism result from changes in the expression of the insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 (IRS-1 and IRS-2), and seem to be mediated by several inflammatory pathways being present in both pathologies. Although there are some similarities in the insulin resistance of AD and T2D, brain and peripheral insulin resistance also have their discrete features. Failure to activate IRS-1 is the hallmark of AD, while inhibition of IRS-2 is the main feature in T2D. Inflammation mediates the alterations in glucose metabolism in AD and T2D. Targeting inflammation and insulin receptors may be a successful strategy to prevent and ameliorate T2D and AD symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas- Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha E Mucuri (UFVJM), Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, Alto da Jacuba, no 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil.
| | - Alison R Harmer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel Almeida Freitas
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas- Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha E Mucuri (UFVJM), Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, Alto da Jacuba, no 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Amaral Mendonça
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas- Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha E Mucuri (UFVJM), Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, Alto da Jacuba, no 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas- Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha E Mucuri (UFVJM), Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, Alto da Jacuba, no 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Hércules Ribeiro Leite
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas- Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha E Mucuri (UFVJM), Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, Alto da Jacuba, no 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kedem A, Ulanenko-Shenkar K, Yung Y, Yerushalmi GM, Maman E, Hourvitz A. Elucidating Decorin's role in the preovulatory follicle. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:15. [PMID: 32041647 PMCID: PMC7011259 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-0612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DCN (decorin) is a proteoglycan known to be involved in regulating cell proliferation, collagen fibril organization and migration. In our global transcriptome RNA-sequencing approach to systematically identify new ovulation-associated genes, DCN was identified as one of the highly regulated genes. We therefore hypothesize that DCN may have a role in ovulatory processes such as cell migration and proliferation. Aim To characterize the expression, regulation and function of the proteoglycan DCN in the human ovarian follicles during the preovulatory period. Methods The in-vivo expression of DCN mRNA in mural (MGCs) and cumulus (CGCs) granulosa cells was characterized using quantitative RT-PCR and western blot. A signaling study was performed by treating human MGCs cultures with gonadotropins and different stimulators and inhibitors to determine their effect on DCN expression by qRT- PCR and elucidate the pathways regulating these proteins. In a functional study, KGN granulosa cell line was used to study cell migration with a scratch assay. Results DCN mRNA expression was significantly higher in MGCs compared to CGCs. DCN mRNA was significantly higher in CGCs surrounding mature metaphase II (MII) oocytes compared to CGCs of germinal vesicle (GV) and metaphase I (MI) oocytes. hCG significantly increased DCN mRNA and protein expression levels in cultured MGCs. Using signal transduction activators and inhibitors, we demonstrated that DCN induction by LH/hCG is carried out via PKA, PKC, ERK/MEK, and PI3K pathways. We showed that DCN expression is also induced in high-density cell cultures, in a dose-dependent pattern. In addition, progesterone induced a significant increase in DCN secretion to the media. MGCs from follicles of endometriosis patients exhibited reduced (about 20% of) mRNA transcriptions levels compared to MGCs follicles of control patients. More significantly, we found that DCN has an inhibiting effect on KGN cell migration. Conclusions Our study indicates that DCN is a unique ovulatory gene. Our findings support the hypothesis that DCN plays an important new role during the preovulatory period and ovulation, and stress its involvement in endometriosis infertility. A better understanding of DCN role in ovulation and endometriosis may provide treatment for some types of infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kedem
- Human Reproduction Lab and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated to Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel. .,IVF unit, Shamir Medical center (Assaf Hrofeh), Affiliated to Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - K Ulanenko-Shenkar
- Human Reproduction Lab and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated to Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Y Yung
- Human Reproduction Lab and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated to Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - G M Yerushalmi
- Human Reproduction Lab and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated to Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,IVF unit, Shamir Medical center (Assaf Hrofeh), Affiliated to Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - E Maman
- Human Reproduction Lab and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated to Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - A Hourvitz
- Human Reproduction Lab and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated to Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,IVF unit, Shamir Medical center (Assaf Hrofeh), Affiliated to Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hannon PR, Duffy DM, Rosewell KL, Brännström M, Akin JW, Curry TE. Ovulatory Induction of SCG2 in Human, Nonhuman Primate, and Rodent Granulosa Cells Stimulates Ovarian Angiogenesis. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2447-2458. [PMID: 29648638 PMCID: PMC6287591 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The luteinizing hormone (LH) surge is essential for ovulation, but the intrafollicular factors induced by LH that mediate ovulatory processes (e.g., angiogenesis) are poorly understood, especially in women. The role of secretogranin II (SCG2) and its cleaved bioactive peptide, secretoneurin (SN), were investigated as potential mediators of ovulation by testing the hypothesis that SCG2/SN is induced in granulosa cells by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), via a downstream LH receptor signaling mechanism, and stimulates ovarian angiogenesis. Humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents were treated with hCG in vivo resulting in a significant increase in the messenger RNA and protein levels of SCG2 in granulosa cells collected early during the periovulatory period and just prior to ovulation (humans: 12 to 34 hours; monkeys: 12 to 36 hours; rodents: 4 to 12 hours post-hCG). This induction by hCG was recapitulated in an in vitro culture system utilizing granulosa-lutein cells from in vitro fertilization patients. Using this system, inhibition of downstream LH receptor signaling pathways revealed that the initial induction of SCG2 is regulated, in part, by epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. Further, human ovarian microvascular endothelial cells were treated with SN (1 to 100 ng/mL) and subjected to angiogenesis assays. SN significantly increased endothelial cell migration and new sprout formation, suggesting induction of ovarian angiogenesis. These results establish that SCG2 is increased in granulosa cells across species during the periovulatory period and that SN may mediate ovulatory angiogenesis in the human ovary. These findings provide insight into the regulation of human ovulation and fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Hannon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington,
Kentucky
| | - Diane M Duffy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk,
Virginia
| | - Katherine L Rosewell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington,
Kentucky
| | - Mats Brännström
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of
Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Thomas E Curry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington,
Kentucky
- Correspondence: Thomas E. Curry, Jr., PhD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Room C351, Lexington, Kentucky 40536. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Marina LV, Ivović M, Tančić-Gajić M, Arizanović Z, Raković D, Milin-Lazović J, Kendereški A, Micić D, Vujović S. Luteinizing hormone and insulin resistance in menopausal patients with adrenal incidentalomas: The cause-effect relationship? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2018; 88:541-548. [PMID: 29288564 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A high prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) has proven to manifest in patients with adrenal incidentalomas (AI). It has been demonstrated that an increase in IR is related to the size of tumourous masses; additionally, luteinizing hormone (LH)-dependent adrenal pathologies are well documented in patients with LH-responsive adrenal tumours occurring under conditions of physiologically elevated LH. We hypothesized that an association between LH and insulin might play a role in adrenal tumourigenesis and steroidogenesis. DESIGN The aim of our study was to investigate the association between LH and IR; adrenal tumour size (ATS) and IR; LH and cortisol after the 1 mg overnight dexamethasone test (1 mg DST); and ATS and 1 mg DST cortisol in AI patients. This was a case-control study conducted in the Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases in Belgrade, Serbia. The total study group consisted of 105 menopausal women: 75 AI patients [27 with nonfunctional AI (NAI) and 48 with (possible) autonomous cortisol secretion ((P)ACS)] and 30 age-, BMI-, LH- and menopause duration-matched healthy control (HC) women. To estimate IR, we used homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Luteinizing hormone and ATS are in a significant positive correlation with HOMA-IR and 1 mg DST cortisol in menopausal patients with AI and (P)ACS. CONCLUSIONS Our data point to a possible cause-effect relationship between LH and insulin in patients with AI and (P)ACS adding to the body of evidence of their involvement in adrenal tumourigenesis and steroidogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana V Marina
- Department for Obesity, Reproductive and Metabolic Disorders, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miomira Ivović
- Department for Obesity, Reproductive and Metabolic Disorders, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milina Tančić-Gajić
- Department for Obesity, Reproductive and Metabolic Disorders, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorana Arizanović
- Department for Obesity, Reproductive and Metabolic Disorders, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Raković
- Department for Obesity, Reproductive and Metabolic Disorders, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Aleksandra Kendereški
- Department for Obesity, Reproductive and Metabolic Disorders, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Micić
- Department for Obesity, Reproductive and Metabolic Disorders, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Vujović
- Department for Obesity, Reproductive and Metabolic Disorders, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
De Sousa RAL. Gestational diabetes is associated to the development of brain insulin resistance in the offspring. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-018-0618-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
|
15
|
Effect of luteinizing hormone on goat theca cell apoptosis and steroidogenesis through activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 190:108-118. [PMID: 29422438 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a glycoprotein that regulates the function of ovarian follicular cells. Theca cells (TCs) also have a key role in follicular growth and atresia. The effects and intracellular signaling mechanisms were investigated of LH on apoptosis and steroidogenesis in goat gonadotropin-independent follicular (1.0-4.0 mm) TCs. The results indicated that LH increased androstenedione secretion and relative abundance of CYP17A1 and BCL2 mRNA in the TCs, whereas LH in combination with LY294002, a PI3K/AKT inhibitor, decreased LH-induced function. The apoptosis ratio and expression of the BAX gene in TCs were less with LH treatment, and the extent of this inhibition was decreased by suppressing the PI3K/AKT pathway. In conclusion, results of the present study indicate LH regulates apoptosis and steroidogenesis in goat TCs by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
Collapse
|
16
|
Brief report of the effects of the aerobic, resistance, and high-intensity interval training in type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-017-0582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
|
17
|
|
18
|
Insulin signalling and glucose transport in the ovary and ovarian function during the ovarian cycle. Biochem J 2017; 473:1483-501. [PMID: 27234585 PMCID: PMC4888492 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Data derived principally from peripheral tissues (fat, muscle and liver) show that insulin signals via diverse interconnecting intracellular pathways and that some of the major intersecting points (known as critical nodes) are the IRSs (insulin receptor substrates), PI3K (phosphoinositide kinase)/Akt and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase). Most of these insulin pathways are probably also active in the ovary and their ability to interact with each other and also with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) signalling pathways enables insulin to exert direct modulating influences on ovarian function. The present paper reviews the intracellular actions of insulin and the uptake of glucose by ovarian tissues (granulosa, theca and oocyte) during the oestrous/menstrual cycle of some rodent, primate and ruminant species. Insulin signals through diverse pathways and these are discussed with specific reference to follicular cell types (granulosa, theca and oocyte). The signalling pathways for FSH in granulosa cells and LH in granulosa and theca cells are summarized. The roles of glucose and of insulin-mediated uptake of glucose in folliculogenesis are discussed. It is suggested that glucose in addition to its well-established role of providing energy for cellular function may also have insulin-mediated signalling functions in ovarian cells, involving AMPK (AMP-dependent protein kinase) and/or hexosamine. Potential interactions of insulin signalling with FSH or LH signalling at critical nodes are identified and the available evidence for such interactions in ovarian cells is discussed. Finally the action of the insulin-sensitizing drugs metformin and the thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone on follicular cells is reviewed.
Collapse
|
19
|
Han P, Xin H, Peng J, Hou J, Zhang L, Song Y, Li G, Cao B, An X. Identification and expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein during follicular development in goat ovary. Theriogenology 2017; 98:30-35. [PMID: 28601152 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), an endogenous of inhibitor of caspases, plays crucial roles in regulating ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis during follicular atresia. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence and localization of XIAP in the goat ovary and its expression level during follicular development. The full length cDNA of XIAP from goat ovary cells was cloned using reverse transcription PCR. A total of 497 amino acid residues were encoded by open reading frame and had high identity with homologous sequences from other mammals. XIAP was widely expressed in adult goat tissues as determined by real-time PCR and it demonstrated higher expression in propagative organs. High level of XIAP was detected in large healthy follicles and corpus luteum in comparison with that in small antral follicles, which was in accordance with the immunohistochemistry results and atretic follicles had very low expression. XIAP was localized in both granulosa and theca cells in antral follicles but not in primordial follicles. Furthermore, luteinizing hormone stimulated the proliferation of mRNA encoding XIAP in granulosa cells in vitro. The present study demonstrated that XIAP was expressed in a follicular-stage-dependent manner in goat ovaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Haiyun Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiayin Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jinxing Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuxuan Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Guang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Binyun Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Xiaopeng An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Estrogen Modulates Specific Life and Death Signals Induced by LH and hCG in Human Primary Granulosa Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050926. [PMID: 28452938 PMCID: PMC5454839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are glycoprotein hormones used for assisted reproduction acting on the same receptor (LHCGR) and mediating different intracellular signaling. We evaluated the pro- and anti-apoptotic effect of 100 pM LH or hCG, in the presence or in the absence of 200 pg/mL 17β-estradiol, in long-term, serum-starved human primary granulosa cells (hGLC) and a transfected granulosa cell line overexpressing LHCGR (hGL5/LHCGR). To this purpose, phospho-extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2), protein kinase B (pAKT), cAMP-responsive element binding protein (pCREB) activation and procaspase 3 cleavage were evaluated over three days by Western blotting, along with the expression of target genes by real-time PCR and cell viability by colorimetric assay. We found that LH induced predominant pERK1/2 and pAKT activation STARD1, CCND2 and anti-apoptotic XIAP gene expression, while hCG mediated more potent CREB phosphorylation, expression of CYP19A1 and procaspase 3 cleavage than LH. Cell treatment by LH is accompanied by increased (serum-starved) cell viability, while hCG decreased the number of viable cells. The hCG-specific, pro-apoptotic effect was blocked by a physiological dose of 17β-estradiol, resulting in pAKT activation, lack of procaspase 3 cleavage and increased cell viability. These results confirm that relatively high levels of steroidogenic pathway activation are linked to pro-apoptotic signals in vitro, which may be counteracted by other factors, i.e., estrogens.
Collapse
|
21
|
Li F, Miao X, Chen Y, Curry TE. CXADR-like membrane protein (CLMP) in the rat ovary: stimulation by human chorionic gonadotrophin during the periovulatory period. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 28:742-9. [PMID: 25400132 DOI: 10.1071/rd14201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
CXADR-like membrane protein (CLMP) is a novel cell-cell adhesion molecule. The present study investigated the spatiotemporal expression pattern of CLMP and its regulation in the rat ovary during the periovulatory period. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that Clmp mRNA was rapidly stimulated in intact ovaries by 4h after human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) treatment. In situ hybridisation analysis demonstrated that Clmp mRNA expression was stimulated in theca cells at 4h after hCG and remained elevated until 12h. Clmp mRNA was also upregulated in granulosa cells and was present in forming corpora lutea. Our data indicate that the protein kinase A but not the protein kinase C pathway regulates the expression of Clmp mRNA in granulosa cells. Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and p38 kinase are also involved in regulating Clmp mRNA expression. The stimulation of Clmp mRNA by hCG requires new protein synthesis. Furthermore, inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor activation significantly inhibited Clmp mRNA expression, whereas inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis or progesterone action had no effect. The stimulation of CLMP in the rat ovary may be important in cell adhesion events during ovulation and luteal formation such as maintaining the structure and communication of ovarian follicular and luteal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feixue Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Miao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglong Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, People's Republic of China
| | - Thomas E Curry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chandler Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
López-Cardona AP, Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, Beltran-Breña P, Agirregoitia N, Rizos D, Agirregoitia E, Gutierrez-Adán A. Exocannabinoids effect on in vitro bovine oocyte maturation via activation of AKT and ERK1/2. Reproduction 2016; 152:603-612. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are known to mediate practically all reproductive events in mammals; however, little is known about their role in oocyte maturation. Through RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry, this study confirms the presence of CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors in bovine oocytes and shows how exposure to the exogenous cannabinoids HU-210 and THC during their in vitro maturation (IVM) activates the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2 proteins associated with the resumption of meiosis. Although supplementation with HU-210 or THC during IVM did not increase blastocyst yields, the expression of interferon tau (IFNτ) and gap junction alpha-1 protein (GJA1) was enhanced at the blastocyst stage. Our data suggest that cannabinoid agonists may be useful IVM supplements as their presence during oocyte maturation upregulates the expression in blastocysts of key genes for embryo quality.
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang Y, Hao X, Yang J, Li J, Zhang M. CREB activity is required for luteinizing hormone-induced the expression of EGF-like factors. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:1116-1127. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology; College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiong Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology; College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology; College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology; College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Meijia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology; College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li FX, Yu JJ, Liu Y, Miao XP, Curry TE. Induction of Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 3 During the Periovulatory Period in the Rat Ovary. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:1033-1040. [PMID: 27872196 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116676394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3 ( Enpp3) is involved in multiple physiological processes, such as morphological changes and inflammatory processes. The present study investigated the spatiotemporal expression pattern and regulatory mechanisms controlling expression of Enpp3 in the rat ovary during the periovulatory period. Immature female rats were injected with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin to stimulate follicular development. Ovaries, granulosa cells, or theca-interstitial cells were collected at various times after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that messenger RNA (mRNA) for Enpp3 was highly induced in both granulosa cells and theca-interstitial cells by hCG. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated that Enpp3 mRNA expression was induced in theca cells at 4 hours after hCG, and the expression remained elevated until 12 hours after hCG. The expression of Enpp3 mRNA was stimulated in granulosa cells at 8 hours and reached the highest expression at 12 hours. Localization of Enpp3 mRNA was observed in newly forming corpora lutea by in situ hybridization. The hCG-stimulated expression of Enpp3 mRNA was blocked by a protein kinase C inhibitor (GF109203) instead of the protein kinase A inhibitor (H89). Furthermore, Enpp3 induction is dependent on new protein synthesis. Inhibition of progesterone action did not alter Enpp3 mRNA expression, whereas inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis or the epidermal growth factor pathway diminished Enpp3 mRNA levels. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the induction of the Enpp3 mRNA may be important for the morphological changes and inflammatory response during ovulation and luteinization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Xue Li
- 1 Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Yu
- 1 Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- 1 Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Miao
- 1 Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Thomas E Curry
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Atwood CS, Bowen RL. A Unified Hypothesis of Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 47:33-47. [PMID: 26402752 DOI: 10.3233/jad-143210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (EOFAD) and late-onset sporadic AD (LOSAD) both follow a similar pathological and biochemical course that includes: neuron and synapse loss and dysfunction, microvascular damage, microgliosis, extracellular amyloid-β deposition, tau phosphorylation, formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, endoreduplication and related cell cycle events in affected brain regions. Any mechanistic explanation of AD must accommodate these biochemical and neuropathological features for both forms of the disease. In this insight paper we provide a unifying hypothesis for EOFAD and LOSAD that proposes that the aberrant re-entry of terminally differentiated, post-mitotic neurons into the cell division cycle is a common pathway that explains both early and late-onset forms of AD. Cell cycle abnormalities appear very early in the disease process, prior to the appearance of plaques and tangles, and explain the biochemical (e.g. tau phosphorylation), neuropathological (e.g. neuron hypertrophy; polypoidy) and cognitive changes observed in EOFAD and LOSAD. Genetic mutations in AβPP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 that alter amyloid-β precursor protein and Notch processing drive reactivation of the cell cycle in EOFAD, while age-related reproductive endocrine dyscrasia that upregulates mitogenic TNF signaling and AβPP processing toward the amyloidogenic pathway drives reactivation of the cell cycle in LOSAD. In essence, AβPP and presenilin mutations initiate early, what endocrine dyscrasia initiates later: aberrant cell cycle re-entry of post-mitotic neurons leading to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in AD. Inhibition of cell cycle re-entry in post-mitotic neurons may be a useful therapeutic strategy to prevent, slow or halt disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Atwood
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Atwood CS, Bowen RL. The endocrine dyscrasia that accompanies menopause and andropause induces aberrant cell cycle signaling that triggers re-entry of post-mitotic neurons into the cell cycle, neurodysfunction, neurodegeneration and cognitive disease. Horm Behav 2015; 76:63-80. [PMID: 26188949 PMCID: PMC4807861 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "SBN 2014". Sex hormones are physiological factors that promote neurogenesis during embryonic and fetal development. During childhood and adulthood these hormones support the maintenance of brain structure and function via neurogenesis and the formation of dendritic spines, axons and synapses required for the capture, processing and retrieval of information (memories). Not surprisingly, changes in these reproductive hormones that occur with menopause and during andropause are strongly correlated with neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. In this connection, much evidence now indicates that Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves aberrant re-entry of post-mitotic neurons into the cell cycle. Cell cycle abnormalities appear very early in the disease, prior to the appearance of plaques and tangles, and explain the biochemical, neuropathological and cognitive changes observed with disease progression. Intriguingly, a recent animal study has demonstrated that induction of adult neurogenesis results in the loss of previously encoded memories while decreasing neurogenesis after memory formation during infancy mitigated forgetting. Here we review the biochemical, epidemiological and clinical evidence that alterations in sex hormone signaling associated with menopause and andropause drive the aberrant re-entry of post-mitotic neurons into an abortive cell cycle that leads to neurite retraction, neuron dysfunction and neuron death. When the reproductive axis is in balance, gonadotropins such as luteinizing hormone (LH), and its fetal homolog, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), promote pluripotent human and totipotent murine embryonic stem cell and neuron proliferation. However, strong evidence supports menopausal/andropausal elevations in the LH:sex steroid ratio as driving aberrant mitotic events. These include the upregulation of tumor necrosis factor; amyloid-β precursor protein processing towards the production of mitogenic Aβ; and the activation of Cdk5, a key regulator of cell cycle progression and tau phosphorylation (a cardinal feature of both neurogenesis and neurodegeneration). Cognitive and biochemical studies confirm the negative consequences of a high LH:sex steroid ratio on dendritic spine density and human cognitive performance. Prospective epidemiological and clinical evidence in humans supports the premise that rebalancing the ratio of circulating gonadotropins:sex steroids reduces the incidence of AD. Together, these data support endocrine dyscrasia and the subsequent loss of cell cycle control as an important etiological event in the development of neurodegenerative diseases including AD, stroke and Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Atwood
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027 WA, Australia.
| | - Richard L Bowen
- OTB Research, 217 Calhoun St, Unit 1, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shah KN, Patel SS. Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase inhibition: A new potential target for the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:975-83. [PMID: 26459667 PMCID: PMC11133948 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1091482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Quercetin, a flavonoid, has been tried in traditional medicine for treating many disorders and reported to have inhibitory action on PI3 kinase. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effect of quercetin on testosterone propionate induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) model, which shows both metabolic and endocrine features of PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female pre-pubertal Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control, PCOS control, quercetin, and metformin treated. PCOS was induced by testosterone propionate (10 mg/kg, s.c.) and treatments were carried out orally at the dose of 150 mg/kg from the 6th week. At the 6th and 10th week, blood was collected to investigate metabolic indices, and reproductive biochemical parameters including morphology of ovary, uterus, and estrous cyclicity were assessed. The ovaries were processed to determine CYP17A1 gene expression. RESULTS The treatment with quercetin did not modify body weight gain but uterine (296.7 ± 5.11 versus 263.0 ± 8.60 mg) and ovary weights (49.5 ± 1.93 versus 37.8 ± 3.43 mg) were found to be decreased significantly (p <0.05) as compared with the PCOS control group. The PCOS control group showed hyperinsulinemia, hyperandrogenemia, and dyslipidemia. Treatment with quercetin showed statistically significant (p <0.01) improvement in insulin (12.46 ± 0.3 versus 10.0 ± 0.28 μU/ml), testosterone (0.65 ± 0.02 versus 0.29 ± 0.02 μU/ml), luteinising hormone (20.6 ± 0.28 versus 15.1 ± 0.36 U/ml), and lipid profile. Histological examination of ovary and uterus confirmed the disease occurrence and remission state in the diseased and treated groups, respectively. Quercetin also demonstrated PI3 kinase inhibition in a docking study and decreased CYP17A1 gene expression. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Thus, we can conclude that quercetin may have beneficial effect in PCOS by virtue of inhibition of PI3K which attributes to a decrease in the expression of CYP17A1 gene, having a key role in steroidogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Snehal S. Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Peng J, Xin H, Han P, Gao K, Gao T, Lei Y, Ji S, An X, Cao B. Expression and regulative function of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 in the goat ovary and its role in cultured granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 412:104-15. [PMID: 26054746 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) played a key role in female reproduction. However, its expression and function in goat are still unclear. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of goat TIMP3 was cloned from adult goat ovary; meanwhile, we demonstrated that putative TIMP3 protein shared a highly conserved amino acid sequence with known mammalian homologs. Real-time PCR results showed that TIMP3 was widely expressed in the tissues of adult goat. In the ovary, increasing expression of TIMP3 mRNA was discovered during the growth process of follicle and corpus luteum. Immunohistochemistry results suggested that TIMP3 protein existed in oocytes of all types of follicles, corpus luteum and granulosa and theca cells of primary, secondary, and antral but not primordial follicles. In vitro, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulated the expression of TIMP3 in goat granulosa cells. hCG-induced TIMP3 mRNA expression was reduced by the inhibitors of protein kinase A, protein kinase C, MAPK kinase, or p38 kinase. Functionally, over-expression of TIMP3 significantly increased apoptosis and decreased the viability of cultured granulosa cells. Knockdown of TIMP3 could decrease hCG-induced progesterone secretion and the mRNA abundance of key steroidogenic enzymes (StAR, p450scc and HSD3B) as well as ECM proteins (DCN and FN). These findings provided evidence that the hCG induced expression of TIMP3 may play an important role in regulating goat granulosa cell survival and steroidogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Haiyun Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peng Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Kexin Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Teyang Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yingnan Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shengyue Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaopeng An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Binyun Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Toda K, Hayashi Y, Ono M, Saibara T. Co-administration of insulin with a gonadotropin partly improves ovulatory responses of estrogen-deficient mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 411:177-86. [PMID: 25957088 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Administration of 17-βestradiol (E2) with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) can induce ovulation in estrogen-deficient (ArKO) mice; nevertheless, ovulatory efficiency and rate are low. In this study, effects of insulin on the ovulatory responses were investigated. In ArKO ovary, hCG signal was found to be transmitted in an uncoordinated manner when phosphorylation levels of signaling molecules are examined. Co-administration of insulin with hCG improved the transmission of hCG signal as well as the ovulatory efficiency in ArKO mice. It also improved the ovulatory rate but far below the wild-type rate. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that Cyp11a1 and Cyp17a1 mRNAs were significantly induced 4 h after PMSG administration in the wild-type ovary, but not in ArKO ovary. Collectively, these results suggest that insulin improves ovulatory responses of ArKO mice, but it fails to ameliorate follicular dysfunctions caused possibly by an inappropriate intraovarian milieu during follicular maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Toda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kochi University School of Medicine, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Kochi University School of Medicine, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi University School of Medicine, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Toshiji Saibara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi University School of Medicine, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Peng JY, Han P, Xin HY, Ji SY, Gao KX, An XP, Cao BY. Molecular characterization and hormonal regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 in goat ovarian granulosa cells. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2015; 52:1-10. [PMID: 25700266 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) belongs to a group of endogenous inhibitors that control the activity of matrix metalloproteinases and other metalloproteinases. TIMP1 is ubiquitously expressed and implicated in many physiological and pathologic processes. In this study, the full-length complementary DNA of goat (Capra hircus) Timp1 was cloned from adult goat ovary for the first time to better understand the regulatory role of TIMP1. The putative TIMP1 protein shared a high amino acid sequence identity with other species. Real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that Timp1 was widely expressed in adult goat tissues, and messenger RNA expression was higher in the ovary than in other tissues; meanwhile, increasing expression of Timp1 was also discovered during the process of follicle growth and corpus luteum. We then investigated Timp1 expression patterns in different types of ovarian follicular cells from goats. In small or large antral follicles, Timp1 expression was higher (P < 0.05) in theca cells than in granulosa cells, cumulus cells, and oocytes. Increasing expression of Timp1 in theca and granulosa cells was observed as the variation of the follicle size. Immunohistochemical analyses further revealed the presence of the TIMP1 proteins in follicles at all antral stages of development. The most intense staining for TIMP1 was observed in the theca cells and granulosa cells of large antral follicles and corpus luteum. Timp1 was highly (P < 0.05) induced in granulosa cells in vitro after treatment with the luteinizing hormone agonist, human chorionic gonadotropin. Treatments with forskolin, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate + forskolin could also stimulate Timp1 messenger RNA expression. The effects of human chorionic gonadotropin were reduced (P < 0.05) by the inhibitors of protein kinase A, protein kinase C, MAPK kinase, or p38 kinase, indicating that Timp1 expression could be adjusted by luteinizing hormone-initiated activation of these signaling mediators. Our results suggested that TIMP1 may be involved in regulating ovarian follicle development and ovulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Y Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - P Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - H Y Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - S Y Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - K X Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - X P An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - B Y Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bjelic MM, Stojkov NJ, Radovic SM, Baburski AZ, Janjic MM, Kostic TS, Andric SA. Prolonged in vivo administration of testosterone-enanthate, the widely used and abused anabolic androgenic steroid, disturbs prolactin and cAMP signaling in Leydig cells of adult rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 149:58-69. [PMID: 25603467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to systematically analyze and define the effects of 1-day, 2-weeks, 10-weeks intramuscular administration of testosterone-enanthate, widely used and abused anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS), on main regulators of steroidogenesis and steroidogenic genes expression in testosterone-producing Leydig cells of adult rats. The results showed that prolonged (10-weeks) intramuscular administration of testosterone-enanthate, in clinically relevant dose, significantly increased prolactin, but decreased Prlr2 and Gnrhr in pituitary of adult rat. The levels of testosterone, Insl3, cAMP and mitochondrial membrane potential of Leydig cells were significantly reduced. This was followed by decreased expression of some steroidogenic enzymes and regulatory proteins such as Lhcgr, Prlr1/2, Tspo, Star, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1, Dax1. Oppositely, Hsd3b1/2, Hsd3b5, Hsd17b4, Ar, Arr19 increased. In the same cells, transcriptional milieu of cAMP signaling elements was disturbed with remarkable up-regulation of PRKA (the main regulator of steroidogenesis). Increased prolactin together with stimulated transcription of Jak2/Jak3 could account for increased Hsd3b1/2 and Hsd3b5 in Leydig cells following 10-weeks in vivo treatment with testosterone-enanthate. In vitro studies revealed that testosterone is capable to increase level of Prlr1, Prlr2, Hsd3b1/2, Hsd3b5 in Leydig cells. Accordingly, testosterone-induced changes in prolactin receptor signaling together with up-regulation of PRKA, Hsd3b1/2, Hsd3b5, Ar in Leydig cells, could be the possible mechanism that contribute to the establishment of a new adaptive response to maintain homeostasis and prevent loss of steroidogenic function. Presented data provide new molecular insights into the relationship between disturbed testosterone homeostasis and mammalian reproduction and are important in terms of wide use and abuse of AASs and human reproductive health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja M Bjelic
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Natasa J Stojkov
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sava M Radovic
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Z Baburski
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marija M Janjic
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tatjana S Kostic
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Silvana A Andric
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Guo N, Meng C, Bai W, Wei Q, Shi F, Davis JS, Mao D. Prostaglandin F2α induces expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and activates MAPK signaling in the rat corpus luteum. Acta Histochem 2015; 117:211-8. [PMID: 25614048 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to evaluate the expression of ATF3, in association with the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) during prostaglandin F2α analog (PGF)-induced luteal regression in rats. A sequential PMSG/hCG treatment paradigm was used to obtain a single, well-defined generation of corpora lutea (CL) in rats. Rats were treated with PGF for 0-4h on day 7 of pseudopregnancy. Results showed that serum progesterone (P4) concentrations declined in a time dependent manner. Western blot results revealed that ATF3 increased within 2h post-PGF injection. Phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK) and JNK (p-JNK) increased within 30min and then were gradually reduced in response to PGF. In contrast, the levels of phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38) were not significantly altered. The immunostaining density for p-ERK decreased from the periphery to the center of the corpus luteum following treatment with PGF, while ATF3 was expressed uniformly in the nuclei of luteal steroidogenic cells. These results indicated that treatment with PGF in vivo could induce increases in MAPK phosphorylation, especially in p-ERK, which might be correlated with the increases in ATF3 expression and the decline in P4 concentrations. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide evidence for temporal relationships between MAPK activation and ATF3 expression during PGF-induced luteal regression in the rat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Chenling Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Wujiao Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Quanwei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Fangxiong Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - John S Davis
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Dagan Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Leiria LOS, Martins MA, Saad MJA. Obesity and asthma: beyond T(H)2 inflammation. Metabolism 2015; 64:172-81. [PMID: 25458831 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for asthma. Likewise, obesity is known to increase disease severity in asthmatic subjects and also to impair the efficacy of first-line treatment medications for asthma, worsening asthma control in obese patients. This concept is in agreement with the current understanding that some asthma phenotypes are not accompanied by detectable inflammation, and may not be ameliorated by classical anti-inflammatory therapy. There are growing evidences suggesting that the obesity-related asthma phenotype does not necessarily involve the classical T(H)2-dependent inflammatory process. Hormones involved in glucose homeostasis and in the pathogeneses of obesity likely directly or indirectly link obesity and asthma through inflammatory and non-inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, the endocrine regulation of the airway-related pre-ganglionic nerves likely contributes to airway hyperreactivity (AHR) in obese states. In this review, we focused our efforts on understanding the mechanism underlying obesity-related asthma by exploring the T(H)2-independent mechanisms leading to this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz O S Leiria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Milton A Martins
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mário J A Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sun C, He M, Ko WKW, Wong AOL. Mechanisms for luteinizing hormone induction of growth hormone gene transcription in fish model: crosstalk of the cAMP/PKA pathway with MAPK-and PI3K-dependent cascades. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:835-50. [PMID: 24161589 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In our previous studies in grass carp pituitary cells, local production of luteinizing hormone (LH) was shown to induce growth hormone (GH) production and gene expression, which constitutes a major component of the "intrapituitary feedback loop" regulating GH secretion and synthesis via autocrine/paracrine interactions between gonadotrophs and somatotrophs in the carp pituitary. To further investigate the signaling mechanisms mediating LH action at the transcriptional level, promoter studies were performed in GH3 cells co-transfected with the expression vector for carp LH receptor and luciferase-expressing reporter constructs with grass carp GH promoter. In this cell model, treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was effective in increasing GH promoter activity and the responsive sequence was mapped to position -616 and -572 of the grass carp GH promoter. GH promoter activation induced by hCG occurred with concurrent rise in cAMP production, CREB phosphorylation, and could be inhibited by inactivation of adenylate cyclase (AC), PKA, MEK1/2, P(38) MAPK, PI3K and mTOR. AC activation, presumably via cAMP production, could mimic hCG-induced CREB phosphorylation and GH promoter activity, and these stimulatory effects were also sensitive to the blockade of PKA-, MAPK- and PI3K- dependent cascades. These results, as a whole, suggest that LH receptor activation in the carp pituitary may trigger GH gene transcription through CREB phosphorylation as a result of the functional crosstalk of the cAMP/PKA pathway with MAPK-and PI3K-dependent cascades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mulan He
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wendy K W Ko
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anderson O L Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Choong ML, Pecquet C, Pendharkar V, Diaconu CC, Yong JWY, Tai SJ, Wang SF, Defour JP, Sangthongpitag K, Villeval JL, Vainchenker W, Constantinescu SN, Lee MA. Combination treatment for myeloproliferative neoplasms using JAK and pan-class I PI3K inhibitors. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:1397-409. [PMID: 24251790 PMCID: PMC4117552 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current JAK2 inhibitors used for myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) treatment are not specific enough to selectively suppress aberrant JAK2 signalling and preserve physiological JAK2 signalling. We tested whether combining a JAK2 inhibitor with a series of serine threonine kinase inhibitors, targeting nine signalling pathways and already used in clinical trials, synergized in inhibiting growth of haematopoietic cells expressing mutant and wild-type forms of JAK2 (V617F) or thrombopoietin receptor (W515L). Out of 15 kinase inhibitors, the ZSTK474 phosphatydylinositol-3′-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor molecule showed strong synergic inhibition by Chou and Talalay analysis with JAK2 and JAK2/JAK1 inhibitors. Other pan-class I, but not gamma or delta specific PI3K inhibitors, also synergized with JAK2 inhibitors. Synergy was not observed in Bcr-Abl transformed cells. The best JAK2/JAK1 and PI3K inhibitor combination pair (ruxolitinib and GDC0941) reduces spleen weight in nude mice inoculated with Ba/F3 cells expressing TpoR and JAK2 V617F. It also exerted strong inhibitory effects on erythropoietin-independent erythroid colonies from MPN patients and JAK2 V617F knock-in mice, where at certain doses, a preferential inhibition of JAK2 V617F mutated progenitors was detected. Our data support the use of a combination of JAK2 and pan-class I PI3K inhibitors in the treatment of MPNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ling Choong
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Prada PO, Quaresma PG, Caricilli AM, Santos AC, Guadagnini D, Morari J, Weissmann L, Ropelle ER, Carvalheira JBC, Velloso LA, Saad MJ. Tub has a key role in insulin and leptin signaling and action in vivo in hypothalamic nuclei. Diabetes 2013; 62:137-48. [PMID: 22966070 PMCID: PMC3526052 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mutation of tub gene in mice induces obesity, suggesting that tub could be an important regulator of energy balance. In the current study, we investigated whether insulin, leptin, and obesity can modulate Tub in vivo in hypothalamic nuclei, and we investigated possible consequences on energy balance, neuropeptide expression, and hepatic glucose metabolism. Food intake, metabolic characteristics, signaling proteins, and neuropeptide expression were measured in response to fasting and refeeding, intracerebroventricular insulin and leptin, and Tub antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). Tub tyrosine phosphorylation (Tub-p-tyr) is modulated by nutritional status. Tub is a substrate of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (IRTK) and leptin receptor (LEPR)-Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) in hypothalamic nuclei. After leptin or insulin stimulation, Tub translocates to the nucleus. Inhibition of Tub expression in hypothalamus by ASO increased food intake, fasting blood glucose, and hepatic glucose output, decreased O(2) consumption, and blunted the effect of insulin or leptin on proopiomelanocortin, thyroid-releasing hormone, melanin-concentrating hormone, and orexin expression. In hypothalamus of mice administered a high-fat diet, there is a reduction in leptin and insulin-induced Tub-p-tyr and nuclear translocation, which is reversed by reducing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B expression. These results indicate that Tub has a key role in the control of insulin and leptin effects on food intake, and the modulation of Tub may contribute to insulin and leptin resistance in DIO mice.
Collapse
|
37
|
Conti M, Hsieh M, Zamah AM, Oh JS. Novel signaling mechanisms in the ovary during oocyte maturation and ovulation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 356:65-73. [PMID: 22101318 PMCID: PMC4104635 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
During the peri-ovulatory period, the gonadotropin LH triggers major changes in both the somatic and germ cell compartments of the ovarian follicle. The oocyte completes the meiotic cell cycle to become a fertilizable egg, and dramatic changes in gene expression and secretion take place in the somatic compartment of the follicle in preparation for follicular rupture and oocyte release. The concerted changes are regulated by activation of intracellular signaling pathways as well as paracrine and autocrine regulatory loops. This review will provide a summary of the current knowledge of the molecular events triggered by LH focusing mostly on the signaling pathways required for oocyte maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Conti
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kunal SB, Killivalavan A, Medhamurthy R. Involvement of Src family of kinases and cAMP phosphodiesterase in the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor-mediated signaling in the corpus luteum of monkey. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:25. [PMID: 22455442 PMCID: PMC3353251 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In higher primates, during non-pregnant cycles, it is indisputable that circulating LH is essential for maintenance of corpus luteum (CL) function. On the other hand, during pregnancy, CL function gets rescued by the LH analogue, chorionic gonadotropin (CG). The molecular mechanisms involved in the control of luteal function during spontaneous luteolysis and rescue processes are not completely understood. Emerging evidence suggests that LH/CGR activation triggers proliferation and transformation of target cells by various signaling molecules as evident from studies demonstrating participation of Src family of tyrosine kinases (SFKs) and MAP kinases in hCG-mediated actions in Leydig cells. Since circulating LH concentration does not vary during luteal regression, it was hypothesized that decreased responsiveness of luteal cells to LH might occur due to changes in LH/CGR expression dynamics, modulation of SFKs or interference with steroid biosynthesis. METHODS Since, maintenance of structure and function of CL is dependent on the presence of functional LH/CGR its expression dynamics as well as mRNA and protein expressions of SFKs were determined throughout the luteal phase. Employing well characterized luteolysis and CL rescue animal models, activities of SFKs, cAMP phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE) and expression of SR-B1 (a membrane receptor associated with trafficking of cholesterol ester) were examined. Also, studies were carried out to investigate the mechanisms responsible for decline in progesterone biosynthesis in CL during the latter part of the non-pregnant cycle. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The decreased responsiveness of CL to LH during late luteal phase could not be accounted for by changes in LH/CGR mRNA levels, its transcript variants or protein. Results obtained employing model systems depicting different functional states of CL revealed increased activity of SFKs [pSrc (Y-416)] and PDE as well as decreased expression of SR-B1 correlating with initiation of spontaneous luteolysis. However, CG, by virtue of its heroic efforts, perhaps by inhibition of SFKs and PDE activation, prevents CL from undergoing regression during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated participation of activated Src and increased activity of cAMP-PDE in the control of luteal function in vivo. That the exogenous hCG treatment caused decreased activation of Src and cAMP-PDE activity with increased circulating progesterone might explain the transient CL rescue that occurs during early pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shah B Kunal
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Asaithambi Killivalavan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Rudraiah Medhamurthy
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gallet C, Dupont J, Campbell BK, Monniaux D, Guillaume D, Scaramuzzi RJ. The infusion of glucose in ewes during the luteal phase increases the number of follicles but reduces oestradiol production and some correlates of metabolic function in the large follicles. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 127:154-63. [PMID: 21943503 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 07/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Short-term nutritional supplementation stimulates folliculogenesis in ewes probably by insulin-mediated actions of glucose in the follicle. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of glucose on follicle number and granulosa levels of Aromatase P450 and phosphorylated Akt and AMPK. Twelve Ile-de-France ewes were allocated to two groups; one (n=7) infused with saline and the other (n=5) with glucose (10mM/h) for 72h in the luteal phase. At the end of infusion, ovaries were collected and all follicles >1mm in diameter were dissected to recover granulosa cells. Aromatase P450 and phosphorylated Akt and AMPK were analysed by Western blotting of granulosa cell lysates. Blood plasmas collected before and during the infusions were analysed for progesterone, oestradiol, LH, FSH, glucose, insulin and IGF-I. The infusion of glucose significantly increased follicle number but, significantly reduced Aromatase P450 and phosphorylated Akt and AMPK in granulosa cells. The circulating concentration of glucose rose significantly 3h after the start of the glucose infusion and remained elevated until 27h then fell; the circulating concentration of insulin rose significantly by 3h and remained elevated. The circulating concentration of oestradiol fell significantly by 32h and remained low; the circulating concentrations of LH and FSH were unaffected. These data show that short-term infusion of glucose stimulated follicular growth but decreased Aromatase P450 in granulosa cells. The reduced levels of phosphorylated Akt and AMPK suggest that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway has been inhibited by high concentrations of glucose. These data also suggest that there may be functional cross-talk between FSH and insulin signalling in granulosa cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gallet
- UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 6175 INRA-CNRS-Université de Tours-Haras Nationaux, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lefrancois-Martinez AM, Blondet-Trichard A, Binart N, Val P, Chambon C, Sahut-Barnola I, Pointud JC, Martinez A. Transcriptional control of adrenal steroidogenesis: novel connection between Janus kinase (JAK) 2 protein and protein kinase A (PKA) through stabilization of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) transcription factor. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:32976-85. [PMID: 21808064 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.218016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the adrenal gland, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) acting through the cAMP protein kinase (PKA) transduction pathway is the main regulator of genes involved in glucocorticoid synthesis. The prolactin (PRL) receptor is expressed in the adrenal cortex of most mammals, but experimental proof that PRL ensures direct control on glucocorticoid synthesis in rodents remains elusive. To unravel the physiological importance of PRL in adrenocortical functions, we measured steroidogenic capacity of Prlr-deficient mice (Prlr(-/-)) and explored the influence of JAK/STAT signaling, the major PRL transduction pathway, on the steroidogenic activity of adrenocortical cell cultures. We demonstrate that lack of Prlr does not affect basal (nor stress-induced) corticosterone levels in mice. PRL triggers JAK2/STAT5-dependent transcription in adrenal cells, but this does not influence corticosterone release. In contrast, pharmacological or siRNA-mediated inhibition of JAK2 reveals its essential role in both basal and ACTH/cAMP-induced steroidogenesis. We demonstrate that nuclear JAK2 regulates the amount of active transcription factor CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) through tyrosine phosphorylation and prevention of proteasomal degradation, which in turn leads to transcriptional activation of the rate-limiting steroidogenic Star gene. Hence, we describe a novel link between PKA and JAK2 by which nuclear JAK2 signaling controls adrenal steroidogenesis by increasing the stability of CREB.
Collapse
|
41
|
Sayyah J, Gnanasambandan K, Kamarajugadda S, Tsuda S, Caldwell-Busby J, Sayeski PP. Phosphorylation of Y372 is critical for Jak2 tyrosine kinase activation. Cell Signal 2011; 23:1806-15. [PMID: 21726629 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Jak2 tyrosine kinase plays an important role in cytokine mediated signal transduction. There are 49 tyrosine residues in Jak2 and phosphorylation of some of these are known to play important roles in the regulation of Jak2 kinase activity. Here, using mass spectrometry, we identified tyrosine residues Y372 and Y373 as novel sites of Jak2 phosphorylation. Mutation of Y372 to F (Y372F) significantly inhibited Jak2 phosphorylation, including that of Y1007, whereas the Jak2-Y373F mutant displayed only modest reduction in phosphorylation. Relative to Jak2-WT, the ability of Jak2-Y372F to bind to and phosphorylate STAT1 was decreased, resulting in reduced Jak2-mediated downstream gene transcription. While the Y372F mutation had no effect on receptor-independent, hydrogen peroxide-mediated Jak2 activation, it impaired interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent Jak2 activation. Interestingly however, the Y372F mutant exhibited normal receptor binding properties. Finally, co-expression of SH2-Bβ only partially restored the activation of the Jak2-Y372F mutant suggesting that the mechanism whereby phosphorylation of Y372 is important for Jak2 activation is via dimerization. As such, our results indicate that Y372 plays a critical yet differential role in Jak2 activation and function via a mechanism involving Jak2 dimerization and stabilization of the active conformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Sayyah
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Maymó JL, Pérez Pérez A, Gambino Y, Calvo JC, Sánchez-Margalet V, Varone CL. Review: Leptin gene expression in the placenta--regulation of a key hormone in trophoblast proliferation and survival. Placenta 2011; 32 Suppl 2:S146-53. [PMID: 21303721 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is a 16000 MW protein originally described as an adipocyte-derived signaling molecule for the central control of metabolism. However, pleiotropic effects of leptin have been identified in reproduction and pregnancy. The leptin gene is expressed in placenta, where leptin promotes proliferation and survival of trophoblast cells. Study of the major signaling pathways known to be triggered by leptin receptor has revealed that leptin stimulates JAK/STAT, MAPK and PI3K pathways in placental cells. Leptin also exerts an antiapoptotic action in placenta and this effect is mediated by the MAPK pathway. Moreover, leptin stimulates protein synthesis by activating the translational machinery via both PI3K and MAPK pathways. Expression of leptin in placenta is highly regulated, suggesting that certain key pregnancy molecules participate in such regulation. An important hormone in reproduction, hCG, induces leptin expression in trophoblast cells and this effect involves the MAPK signal transduction pathway. Moreover, the cyclic nucleotide cAMP, which has profound actions upon human trophoblast function, also stimulates leptin expression and this effect seems to be mediated by crosstalk between the PKA and MAPK signaling pathways. Estrogens play a central role in reproduction. 17β-estradiol upregulates leptin expression in placental cells through genomic and non-genomic actions, probably via crosstalk between estrogen receptor-α and the MAPK and PI3K signal transduction pathways. Taken together these findings give a better understanding of the function of leptin and the regulatory mechanisms of leptin expression in human placental trophoblast and further support the importance of leptin in the biology of reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Maymó
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Menon B, Franzo-Romain M, Damanpour S, Menon KMJ. Luteinizing hormone receptor mRNA down-regulation is mediated through ERK-dependent induction of RNA binding protein. Mol Endocrinol 2010; 25:282-90. [PMID: 21147848 DOI: 10.1210/me.2010-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ligand-induced down-regulation of LH receptor (LHR) expression in the ovaries, at least in part, is regulated by a posttranscriptional process mediated by a specific LH receptor mRNA binding protein (LRBP). The LH-mediated signaling pathways involved in this process were examined in primary cultures of human granulosa cells. Treatment with 10 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for 12 h resulted in the down-regulation of LHR mRNA expression while producing an increase in LHR mRNA binding to LRBP as well as a 2-fold increase in LRBP levels. The activation of ERK1/2 pathway in LH-mediated LHR mRNA down-regulation was also established by demonstrating the translocation of ERK1/2 from the cytosol to the nucleus using confocal microcopy. Inhibition of protein kinase A using H-89 or ERK1/2 by U0126 abolished the LH-induced LHR mRNA down-regulation. These treatments also abrogated both the increases in LRBP levels as well as the LHR mRNA binding activity. The abolishment of the hCG-induced increase in LRBP levels and LHR mRNA binding activity was further confirmed by transfecting granulosa cells with ERK1/2 specific small interfering RNA. This treatment also reversed the hCG-induced down-regulation of LHR mRNA. These data show that LH-regulated ERK1/2 signaling is required for the LRBP-mediated down-regulation of LHR mRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Menon
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0617, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gilbert I, Robert C, Dieleman S, Blondin P, Sirard MA. Transcriptional effect of the LH surge in bovine granulosa cells during the peri-ovulation period. Reproduction 2010; 141:193-205. [PMID: 21123518 DOI: 10.1530/rep-10-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The LH surge induces a multitude of events that are essential for ovulation and corpus luteum formation. The transcriptional responses to the LH surge of preovulatory granulosa cells (GCs) are complex and still poorly understood. In this study, a genome-wide bovine oligo array was used to determine how the gene expression profile of GCs is modulated by the LH surge. GCs from three different stages were used to assess the short- and long-term effects of this hormone on follicle differentiation: 1) 2 h before induction of the LH surge, 2) 6 h and 3) 22 h after the LH surge. The results obtained were a list of differentially expressed transcripts for each GC group. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the processes at play, biological annotations were used to reveal the different functions of transcripts, confirming that the LH surge acts in a temporal manner. The pre-LH group is involved in typical tasks such as cell division, development, and proliferation, while the early response to the LH surge included features such as response to stimulus, vascularization, and lipid synthesis, which are indicative of cells preparing for ovulation. The late response of GCs revealed terms associated with protein localization and intracellular transport, corresponding to the future secretion task that will be required for the transformation of GCs into corpus luteum. Overall, results described in this study provide new insights into the different transcriptional steps that GCs go through during ovulation and before luteinization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Gilbert
- Département des Sciences Animales, Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec, G1K 7P4, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Irusta G, Abramovich D, Parborell F, Tesone M. Direct survival role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on rat ovarian follicular cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 325:93-100. [PMID: 20417686 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to analyze the direct effect of VEGF in follicular cell proliferation, apoptosis and activation of the PI3K/AKT and ERK/MEK signaling pathways in early antral follicles or granulosa cells. Antral follicles or granulosa cells were isolated from prepubertal female Sprague Dawley rats treated with DES.VEGF directly stimulates follicular cell proliferation and it also decreases apoptosis by inhibiting caspase 3 activation. In addition, VEGF increases the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of isolated granulosa cells in culture. VEGF activates the PI3K/AKT pathway evidenced by an increase in AKT phosphorylation levels and induces the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in cultured antral follicles. These results demonstrate for the first time that VEGF has a proliferative and cytoprotective role in early antral follicles and in granulosa cells isolated from DES treated prepubertal rats and suggest that PI3K/AKT and ERK/MEK signaling pathways are involved in these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Griselda Irusta
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Assidi M, Dieleman SJ, Sirard MA. Cumulus cell gene expression following the LH surge in bovine preovulatory follicles: potential early markers of oocyte competence. Reproduction 2010; 140:835-52. [PMID: 20724459 DOI: 10.1530/rep-10-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cumulus cells (CCs) are essential for oocytes to reach full development competency and become fertilized. Many major functional properties of CCs are triggered by gonadotropins and governed by the oocyte. Consequently, cumulus may reflect oocyte quality and is often used for oocyte selection. The most visible function of CCs is their ability for rapid extracellular matrix expansion after the LH surge. Although unexplained, LH induces the final maturation and improves oocyte quality. To study the LH signaling and gene expression cascade patterns close to the germinal vesicle breakdown, bovine CCs collected at 2 h before and 6 h after the LH surge were hybridized to a custom-made microarray to better understand the LH genomic action and find differentially expressed genes associated with the LH-induced oocyte final maturation. Functional genomic analysis of the 141 overexpressed and 161 underexpressed clones was performed according to their molecular functions, gene networks, and cell compartments. Following real-time PCR validation of our gene lists, some interesting pathways associated with the LH genomic action on CCs and their possible roles in oocyte final maturation, ovulation, and fertilization are discussed. A list of early potential markers of oocyte competency in vivo and in vitro is thereafter suggested. These early biomarkers are a preamble to understand the LH molecular pathways that trigger the final oocyte competence acquisition process in bovine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Assidi
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1K 7P4, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Effects of Bushen Tongmai Recipe on protein kinase Balpha expression in polycystic ovary rats with insulin resistance. Chin J Integr Med 2010; 16:324-30. [PMID: 20697943 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-010-0515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of Bushen Tongmai Recipe (, BSTMR) on mRNA and protein expressions of protein kinase B alpha (PKB alpha) in hepatic, adipose, muscular, and ovarian tissues of polycystic ovary (PCO) rats with insulin resistance (IR) and to explore the possible molecular mechanism of BSTMR in treating IR and ovulation dysfunction. METHODS Female 22-day-old SD rats were injected subcutaneously with sodium prasterone sulfate (9 mg.100g(-1).d(-1)) for 20 days and fed with high-fat diet for 80 days to induce PCO rats with IR. Then, the PCO rats were randomly divided into the model group (n=23) and the treated group (n=21). The treated group was administered with BSTMR for 2 weeks. Meanwhile, a group with 15 rats of the same age was used as the control group. The histological changes in the ovaries were examined. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was determined by the glucose oxidase method. Serum fasting insulin (Fins) was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The mRNA level of PKBalpha was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot analysis were employed to detect the protein expression in target tissues. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the ovaries in the model group showed multiple follicular cysts, levels of FBG and Fins in the model group increased markedly (P<0.05 or P<0.01, respectively), and the insulin sensitive index (ISI) decreased obviously (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expressions of PKBalpha in target tissues in the model group were dramatically lower than those in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the stratum granulosum of the ovarian follicle in the treated group increased markedly, the level of Fins in the treated group decreased obviously (P<0.01), ISI in the treated group improved markedly (P<0.01), and the mRNA and protein expressions of PKBalpha in target tissues of the treated rats were elevated significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION BSTMR could improve IR and ovulation dysfunction in PCO rats with IR, and its molecular mechanisms might be closely related with the elevation of mRNA and protein expressions of PKBalpha in target tissues of PCO rats with IR.
Collapse
|
48
|
Palaniappan M, Menon KMJ. Human chorionic gonadotropin stimulates theca-interstitial cell proliferation and cell cycle regulatory proteins by a cAMP-dependent activation of AKT/mTORC1 signaling pathway. Mol Endocrinol 2010; 24:1782-93. [PMID: 20660299 DOI: 10.1210/me.2010-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to playing a cardinal role in androgen production, LH also regulates growth and proliferation of theca-interstitial (T-I) cells. Here, we show for the first time that LH/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) regulates T-I cell proliferation via the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling network. LH/hCG treatment showed a time-dependent stimulation of T-I cell proliferation and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), ERK1/2, and ribosomal protein (rp)S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), and its downstream effector, rpS6. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling did not block the hCG-induced phosphorylation of tuberin, the upstream regulator of mTORC1 or S6K1, the downstream target of mTORC1. However, inhibition of AKT signaling completely blocked the hCG response. Furthermore, the AKT-specific inhibitor abolished forskolin (FSK)-stimulated phosphorylation of AKT, tuberin, S6K1, and rpS6. Human CG and FSK-mediated phosphorylation of AKT and downstream targets of mTORC1 were attenuated by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. Pharmacologic targeting of mTORC1 with rapamycin also abrogated hCG or FSK-induced phosphorylation of S6K1, rpS6, and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1. In addition, hCG or FSK-mediated up-regulation of the cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin D3, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen was blocked by rapamycin. These results were further confirmed by demonstrating that knockdown of mTORC1 using small interfering RNA abolished hCG-mediated increases in cell proliferation and the expression of cyclin D3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Taken together, the present studies show a novel intracellular signaling pathway for T-I cell proliferation involving LH/hCG-mediated activation of the AKT/mTORC1 signaling cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Palaniappan
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Casadesus G, Puig ER, Webber KM, Atwood CS, Escuer MC, Bowen RL, Perry G, Smith MA. Targeting gonadotropins: an alternative option for Alzheimer disease treatment. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2006:39508. [PMID: 17047306 PMCID: PMC1559918 DOI: 10.1155/jbb/2006/39508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that, alongside oxidative stress, dysregulation of the cell cycle in neurons susceptible to degeneration in Alzheimer disease may play a crucial role in the initiation of the disease. As such, the role of reproductive hormones, which are closely associated with the cell cycle both during development and after birth, may be of key import. While estrogen has been the primary focus, the protective effects of hormone replacement therapy on cognition and dementia only during a “crucial period” led us to expand the study of hormonal influences to other members of the hypothalamic pituitary axis. Specifically, in this review, we focus on luteinizing hormone, which is not only increased in the sera of patients with Alzheimer disease but, like estrogen, is modulated by hormone replacement therapy and also influences cognitive behavior and pathogenic processing in animal models of the disease. Targeting gonadotropins may be a useful treatment strategy for disease targeting multiple pleiotropic downstream consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Casadesus
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Emma Ramiro Puig
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Kate M. Webber
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Craig S. Atwood
- School of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Administration, Madison, WI 53705,
USA
| | - Margarida Castell Escuer
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | | | - George Perry
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mark A. Smith
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- *Mark A. Smith:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Exposure to persistent organic pollutants as potential risk factors for developing diabetes. Sci China Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-010-0157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|