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Fujita N, Okamoto T, Yamamoto H, Yoneyama T, Hashimoto Y, Mikami T, Itoh K, Ohyama C, Hatakeyama S. Association between sex hormones and erectile dysfunction in men without hypoandrogenism. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13433. [PMID: 38862562 PMCID: PMC11167061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In addition to testosterone, various endocrine hormones, such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and estradiol, may be involved in erectile function. However, the role of these sex hormones in the erectile function of men without hypoandrogenism remains unclear. This cross-sectional study included 398 community-dwelling men without hypoandrogenism. The participants were categorized into the non-ED and ED groups. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between ED and serum sex hormone levels, including total testosterone, DHEA-S, estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin. Among the 398 men, 66 (17%) and 332 (83%) were categorized into the non-ED and ED groups, respectively. In the multivariable analyses, serum DHEA-S and estradiol levels were significantly associated with ED (odds ratio [OR]: 0.996, P = 0.030; OR: 1.082, P = 0.002; respectively), whereas serum total testosterone, LH, FSH, and prolactin levels did not demonstrate significant association. After adjusting for age, none of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, serum plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels, and skin advanced glycation end-products levels demonstrated significant correlation with serum DHEA-S and estradiol levels. In conclusion, lower testosterone levels did not affect ED in men with normal testosterone levels, whereas serum DHEA-S and estradiol levels were significantly associated with ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Fujita
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5-Zaifucho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Teppei Okamoto
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5-Zaifucho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hayato Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5-Zaifucho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoneyama
- Department of Advanced Blood Purification Therapy, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hashimoto
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5-Zaifucho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Innovation Center for Health Promotion, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Chikara Ohyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5-Zaifucho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shingo Hatakeyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5-Zaifucho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
- Department of Advanced Blood Purification Therapy, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
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Mowaad NA, Elgohary R, ElShebiney S. Effect of Stanozolol and/or Cannabis Abuse on Hypertrophic Mechanism and Oxidative Stress of Male Albino Rat Cardiac Tissue in Relation to Exercise: A Sport Abuse Practice. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:527-538. [PMID: 38720122 PMCID: PMC11102414 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Adolescents commonly co-abuse many drugs including anabolic androgenic steroids either they are athletes or non-athletes. Stanozolol is the major anabolic used in recent years and was reported grouped with cannabis. The current study aimed at evaluating the biochemical and histopathological changes related to the hypertrophic effects of stanozolol and/or cannabis whether in condition of exercise practice or sedentary conditions. Adult male Wistar albino rats received either stanozolol (5 mg/kg, s.c), cannabis (10 mg/kg, i.p.), and a combination of both once daily for two months. Swimming exercise protocol was applied as a training model. Relative heart weight, oxidative stress biomarkers, cardiac tissue fibrotic markers were evaluated. Left ventricular morphometric analysis and collagen quantification was done. The combined treatment exhibited serious detrimental effects on the heart tissues. It increased heart tissue fibrotic markers (Masson's trichrome stain (p < 0.001), cardiac COL3 (p < 0.0001), and VEGF-A (p < 0.05)), lowered heart glutathione levels (p < 0.05) and dramatically elevated oxidative stress (increased malondialdehyde (p < 0.0001) and 8-OHDG (p < 0.0001)). Training was not ameliorating for the observed effects. Misuse of cannabis and stanozolol resulted in more hypertrophic consequences of the heart than either drug alone, which were at least largely assigned to oxidative stress, heart tissue fibrotic indicators, histological alterations, and morphometric changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A Mowaad
- Narcotics, Ergogenics and Poisons Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Rania Elgohary
- Narcotics, Ergogenics and Poisons Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa ElShebiney
- Narcotics, Ergogenics and Poisons Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
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Abstract
Endothelial cells are important constituents of blood vessels and play a critical role in vascular homeostasis. They do not only control the exchanges between the blood and the surrounding tissues, but are also essential in regulating blood flow, modulating immune-cell trafficking and controlling vascular growth and repair. Endothelial dysfunction leads to cardiovascular diseases and is characterized by deficiency in secretion of vasodilator molecules, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of adhesion molecules and excretion of proinflammatory cytokines. The sex hormones, estrogens, androgens and progestogens, regulate endothelial functions. Because cardiovascular disease risk increases after menopause, it is believed that female hormones, estrogens and progestogens promote endothelial cell health and function whereas androgens, the male hormones, might be detrimental. However, as illustrated in the present review, the picture might not be that simple. In addition, sex influences endothelial cell physiology independently of sex hormones but at genetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Robert
- University Hospital of Zurich, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Wagistrasse 14, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.
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Age-related decrease in serum dihydrotestosterone concentration is accompanied by impaired vascular status. Exp Gerontol 2023; 173:112104. [PMID: 36693531 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effect of androgens on the cardiovascular system in humans is ambiguous. Moreover, still little is known about the effects of the most potent androgen, dihydrotestosterone, on arterial stiffness and endothelial function. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether age-dependent alterations in serum concentration of dihydrotestosterone and its circulating metabolite are accompanied by changes in endothelial function and arterial stiffness. METHODS In 12 young and 11 older men, basal serum concentrations of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAE-S), androstenedione (AE), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and androstanediol glucuronide (ADG) were analyzed in relation to vascular status including cIMT - carotid intima media thickness, cAI - central augmentation index, crPWV - carotid radial pulse wave velocity, SI - stiffness index, endothelial and inflammatory markers. RESULTS Although concentration of testosterone was not different between young and older group, it was demonstrated that DHT, DHEA-S, AE and ADG were significantly lower in older men in comparison to young men (p < 0.01). Interestingly the most surprising difference was found for DHT concentration, that was as much as 61 % lower in aged men that displayed significantly higher values of cIMT, AI, crPWV and SI (p < 10-4), suggestive of arterial stiffness. Furthermore, DHT was negatively correlated to all arterial wall parameters (cAI, crPWV, SI and cIMT), c-reactive protein (CRP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) concentration, as well as positively correlated to markers of endothelial function (MNA and 6-keto-PGF1α) in all studied individuals (n = 23). CONCLUSIONS We have shown that ageing leads to a significant decrease in DHT concentration that is accompanied by impaired arterial wall characteristics and worsened endothelial function. Therefore more attention should be paid to the DHT, DHEA-S and ADG concentrations as a biomarkers for vascular dysfunction in ageing men.
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Grandys M, Majerczak J, Frolow M, Chlopicki S, Zoladz JA. Training-induced impairment of endothelial function in track and field female athletes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3502. [PMID: 36859449 PMCID: PMC9977863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Professional athletes are often exposed to high training loads that may lead to overfatigue, overreaching and overtraining that might have a detrimental effects on vascular health. We determined the effects of high training stress on endothelial function assessed by the flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and markers of glycocalyx shedding. Vascular examination as well as broad biochemical, hormonal and cardiometabolic evaluation of sprint and middle-distance female runners were performed after 2 months of preparatory training period and compared to age-matched control group of women. Female athletes presented with significantly reduced FMD (p < 0.01) and higher basal serum concentrations of hyaluronan (HA) and syndecan-1 (SDC-1) (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively), that was accompanied by significantly lower basal serum testosterone (T) and free testosterone (fT) concentrations (p < 0.05) and higher cortisol (C) concentration (p < 0.05). It resulted in significantly lower T/C and fT/C ratios in athletes when compared to controls (p < 0.01). Moreover, fT/C ratio were significantly positively correlated to FMD and negatively to HA concentrations in all studied women. Accordingly, the training load was significantly negatively correlated with T/C, fT/C and FMD and positively with the concentrations of HA and SDC-1. We concluded that young female track and field athletes subjected to physical training developed impairment of endothelial function that was associated with anabolic-catabolic hormone balance disturbances. Given that training-induced impairment of endothelial function may have a detrimental effects on vascular health, endothelial status should be regularly monitored in the time-course of training process to minimalize vascular health-risk in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Grandys
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Ul. Skawinska 8, 31-066, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Joanna Majerczak
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Ul. Skawinska 8, 31-066, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marzena Frolow
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy A Zoladz
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Ul. Skawinska 8, 31-066, Krakow, Poland.
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Erectile Dysfunction: Pharmacological Pathways with Understudied Potentials. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010046. [PMID: 36672554 PMCID: PMC9855349 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a public health concern worldwide. In the past, it was perceived as a phenomenon attributed to age advancement. However, more individuals are affected every year that do not fall under that age criterion. Epidemiological research revealed that this abnormality has an association with endothelial dysfunction connected to several cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. Currently, ED is interpreted as a clinical marker for future adverse events and not only as a present health issue that negatively affects the quality of life. The management of ED involves lifestyle modifications, therapeutic optimization for comorbid conditions, and pharmacological and psychosexual therapy. Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are the first-line pharmacological agents to be prescribed for such a condition. Nonetheless, other pharmacological pathways and agents remain underinvestigated or were investigated at some stage. This review aimed to present to future researchers interested in this field with some pharmacological agents that showed favorable effects on a limited number of studies on human subjects or experimental models.
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Clark BJ, Klinge CM. Structure-function of DHEA binding proteins. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 123:587-617. [PMID: 37717999 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (3β-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one, DHEA) and its sulfated metabolite DHEA-S are the most abundant circulating steroids and are precursors for active sex steroid hormones, estradiol and testosterone. DHEA has a broad range of reported effects in the central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular system, adipose tissue, kidney, liver, and in the reproductive system. The mechanisms by which DHEA and DHEA-S initiate their biological effects are diverse. DHEA and DHEA-S may directly bind to plasma membrane (PM) receptors, including a DHEA-specific, G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) in endothelial cells; various neuroreceptors, e.g., aminobutyric-acid-type A (GABA(A)), N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and sigma-1 (S1R) receptors (NMDAR and SIG-1R). DHEA and DHEA-S directly bind the nuclear androgen and estrogen receptors (AR, ERα, or ERβ) although with significantly lower binding affinities compared to the steroid hormones, e.g., testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol, which are the cognate ligands for AR and ERs. Thus, extra-gonadal metabolism of DHEA to the sex hormones must be considered for many of the biological benefits of DHEA. DHEA also actives GPER1 (G protein coupled estrogen receptor 1). DHEA activates constitutive androstane receptor CAR (CAR) and proliferator activated receptor (PPARα) by indirect dephosphorylation. DHEA affects voltage-gated sodium and calcium ion channels and DHEA-2 activates TRPM3 (Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily M Member 3). This chapter updates our previous 2018 review pertaining to the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of DHEA and DHEA-S activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Clark
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences (CIEHS), University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences (CIEHS), University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.
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Pan H, Huan C, Zhang W, Hou Y, Zhou Z, Yao J, Gao S. PDZK1 upregulates nitric oxide production through the PI3K/ERK2 pathway to inhibit porcine circovirus type 2 replication. Vet Microbiol 2022; 272:109514. [PMID: 35917623 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated disease. Changes in host cell gene expression are induced by PCV2 infection. Here, we showed that porcine PDZ Domain-Containing 1 (PDZK1) expression was enhanced during PCV2 infection and that overexpression of PDZK1 inhibited the expression of PCV2 Cap protein. PCV2 genomic DNA copy number and viral titers were decreased in PDZK1-overexpressing PK-15B6 cells. PDZK1 knockdown enhanced the replication of PCV2. Overexpression of PDZK1 activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/ERK2 signaling pathway to enhance nitric oxide (NO) levels, while PDZK1 knockdown had the opposite effects. A PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) and a NO synthase inhibitor (L-NAME hydrochloride) decreased the activity of PDZK1 in restricting PCV2 replication. ERK2 knockdown enhanced the proliferation of PCV2 by decreasing levels of NO. Levels of interleukin (IL)- 4 mRNA were reduced in PDZK1 knockdown and ERK2 knockdown PK-15B6 cells. Increased IL-4 mRNA levels were unable to decrease NO production in PDZK1-overexpressing cells. Thus, we conclude that PDZK1 affected PCV2 replication by regulating NO production via PI3K/ERK2 signaling. PDZK1 affected IL-4 expression through the PI3K/ERK2 pathway, but PDZK1 modulation of PCV2 replication occurred independently of IL-4. Our results contribute to understanding the biological functions of PDZK1 and provide a theoretical basis for the pathogenic mechanisms of PCV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochun Pan
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changchao Huan
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yutong Hou
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyan Zhou
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingting Yao
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Song Gao
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, China.
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Bitencourt MR, Batista RL, Biscotto I, Carvalho LR. Central adrenal insufficiency: who, when, and how? From the evidence to the controversies - an exploratory review. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2022; 66:541-550. [PMID: 35758836 PMCID: PMC10697652 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Central adrenal insufficiency (CAI) is a life-threatening disorder. This occurs when ACTH production is insufficient, leading to low cortisol levels. Since corticosteroids are crucial to many metabolic responses under organic stress and inflammatory conditions, CAI recognition and prompt treatment are vital. However, the diagnosis of CAI is challenging. This is not only because its clinical presentation is usually oligosymptomatic, but also because the CAI laboratory investigation presents many pitfalls. Thus, the clarification of when to use each test could be helpful in many contexts. The CAI challenge is also involved in treatment: Several formulations of synthetic steroids exist, followed by the lack of a biomarker for glucocorticoid replacement. This review aims to access all available literature to synthesize important topics about who should investigate CAI, when it should be suspected, and how CAI must be treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rechia Bitencourt
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil,
| | - Rafael Loch Batista
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Isabela Biscotto
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde de Juiz de Fora (Suprema), Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Luciani R Carvalho
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil,
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Chatterton RT. Functions of dehydroepiandrosterone in relation to breast cancer. Steroids 2022; 179:108970. [PMID: 35122788 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.108970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although DHEA sulfate (DS) is the most abundant steroid in the circulation, breast fluid contains an approximately 80-fold greater concentration than serum. Transport of DS into cells requires organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs), which are specific for cell type, cell location, and substrate, but may have a broader specificity for housekeeping functions. Specific classes, which may be modified by soluble factors including neutral steroids, have been identified in the breast. After transport, DS may be cleaved to DHEA by ubiquitous sulfatases, which may be modified by the cell milieu, or DHEA may enter by diffusion. Synthesis from cholesterol does not occur because CYP17B12 and cytochrome b5 are lacking in breast tissues. Case-control studies reveal a positive association of serum DS with risk of breast cancer. The association is even greater with DHEA, particularly in postmenopausal women with HR + invasive tumors. Metabolites of DHEA, androstenedione and testosterone, are associated with breast cancer but DHEA is likely to have an independent role as well. Mechanisms by which DHEA may promote breast cancer relate to its effect in increasing circulating IGF-I, by inhibiting the suppressive effect of glucocorticoids, and by promoting retention of pre-adipocytes with aromatase activity. In addition, DHEA may interact with the G-protein coupled receptor GPER for stimulation of miR-21 and subsequent activation of the MAPK pathway. DHEA also has antitumor properties that relate to stimulation of immunity, suppression of inflammation, and elevation of adipose tissue adiponectin synthesis. The net effect may depend on the which factors predominate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Chatterton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern, Northwestern University Feinberg Medical School. Chicago, IL 60911, USA.
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Medeiros SFD, Barbosa BB, Medeiros MASD, Yamamoto AKLW, Yamamoto MMW. Adrenal Androgen Predictive Effects on Clinical and Metabolic Abnormalities of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRICIA : REVISTA DA FEDERACAO BRASILEIRA DAS SOCIEDADES DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRICIA 2022; 44:142-153. [PMID: 35213912 PMCID: PMC9948267 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the possible effects of adrenal prohormones in the prediction of clinical and metabolic abnormalities in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS The present study enrolled 299 normal cycling non-PCOS, 156 normoandrogenemic, and 474 hyperandrogenemic women with PCOS. Baseline characteristics were compared using a chi-squared test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) as appropriate. The roles of adrenal prohormones and their ratios with total testosterone in predicting co-occurring morbidities in women PCOS were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Adrenal hyperandrogenism per dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels were found in 32% of women with PCOS. In non-PCOS women, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate had no predictive role concerning clinical, anthropometric, and metabolic parameters. In PCOS women, mainly in the hyperandrogenemic group, DHEA showed to be a significant predictor against most anthropometric-metabolic index abnormalities (odds ratio [OR] = 0.36-0.97; p < 0.05), and an increase in triglycerides (TG) levels (OR = 0.76; p = 0.006). Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate presented a few predictive effects regarding PCOS-associated disorders. In controls, DHEAS predicted against the increase in estimated average glucose (OR= 0.38; p = 0.036). In the normoandrogenic group, it predicted against elevation in the waist/hip ratio (WHR) (OR= 0.59; p = 0.042), and in hyperandrogenemic PCOS women, it predicted against abnormality in the conicity index (CI) (OR = 0.31; p = 0.028). CONCLUSION Dehydroepiandrosterone was shown to be a better predictor of abnormal anthropometric and biochemical parameters in women with PCOS than DHEAS. Thus, regarding adrenal prohormones, DHEA measurement, instead of DHEAS, should be preferred in PCOS management. The effects of androgen prohormones on the prediction of PCOS abnormalities are weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastião Freitas de Medeiros
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.,Instituto Tropical de Medicina Reprodutiva, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
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Ferreira C, Trindade F, Ferreira R, Neves JS, Leite-Moreira A, Amado F, Santos M, Nogueira-Ferreira R. Sexual dimorphism in cardiac remodeling: the molecular mechanisms ruled by sex hormones in the heart. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 100:245-267. [PMID: 34811581 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02169-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is growing in prevalence, due to an increase in aging and comorbidities. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is more common in men, whereas heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has a higher prevalence in women. However, the reasons for these epidemiological trends are not clear yet. Since HFpEF affects mostly postmenopausal women, sex hormones should play a pivotal role in HFpEF development. Furthermore, for HFpEF, contrary to HFrEF, effective therapeutic approaches are missing. Interestingly, studies evidenced that some therapies can have better results in women than in HFpEF men, emphasizing the necessity of understanding these observations at a molecular level. Thus, herein, we review the molecular mechanisms of estrogen and androgen actions in the heart in physiological conditions and explain how its dysregulation can lead to disease development. This clarification is essential in the road for an effective personalized management of HF, particularly HFpEF, towards the development of sex-specific therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fábio Trindade
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center (UnIC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Sérgio Neves
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center (UnIC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center (UnIC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Amado
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mário Santos
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Nogueira-Ferreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center (UnIC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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13
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Zhang S, Zhou J, Li L, Pan X, Lin J, Li C, Leung WT, Wang L. Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women. Biosci Trends 2021; 15:353-364. [PMID: 34759119 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2021.01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In China, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has surpassed malignant tumours to become the disease with the highest mortality rate, and atherosclerosis (AS) is an important pathological cause of CVD. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is the most abundant steroid hormone in circulating human blood and is a precursor of estrogen and androgen. DHEA is converted into a series of sex hormones in local peripheral tissues where its acts physiologically. DHEA also acts therapeutically, thereby avoiding the adverse systemic reactions to sex hormones. DHEA inhibits AS, thus inhibiting the development of CVD, and it improves the prognosis for CVD. The incidence of CVD in postmenopausal women is substantially higher than that in premenopausal women, and that incidence is believed to be related to a decrease in ovarian function. The current review analyzes the mechanisms of postmenopausal women's susceptibility to AS. They tend to have dyslipidemia, and their vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferate and migrate more. In addition, oxidative stress and the inflammatory response of endothelial cells (ECs) are more serious in postmenopausal women. This review also discusses how DHEA combats AS by countering these mechanisms, which include regulating the blood lipid status, protecting ECs (including coping with oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions of the vascular endothelium, inhibiting apoptosis of ECs, and inducing NO production) and inhibiting the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. As a result, DHEA has great value in preventing AS and inhibiting its progression in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Zhang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyao Pan
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuyu Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Wing Ting Leung
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
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14
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Dumontet T, Martinez A. Adrenal androgens, adrenarche, and zona reticularis: A human affair? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 528:111239. [PMID: 33676986 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In humans, reticularis cells of the adrenal cortex fuel the production of androgen steroids, constituting the driver of numerous morphological changes during childhood. These steps are considered a precocious stage of sexual maturation and are grouped under the term "adrenarche". This review describes the molecular and enzymatic characteristics of the zona reticularis, along with the possible signals and mechanisms that control its emergence and the associated clinical features. We investigate the differences between species and discuss new studies such as genetic lineage tracing and transcriptomic analysis, highlighting the rodent inner cortex's cellular and molecular heterogeneity. The recent development and characterization of mouse models deficient for Prkar1a presenting with adrenocortical reticularis-like features prompt us to review our vision of the mouse adrenal gland maturation. We expect these new insights will help increase our understanding of the adrenarche process and the pathologies associated with its deregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Typhanie Dumontet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Training Program in Organogenesis, Center for Cell Plasticity and Organ Design, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Antoine Martinez
- Génétique, Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Institut National de La Santé & de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Clermont-Auvergne (UCA), France.
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15
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Li Y, Ren J, Li N, Liu J, Tan SC, Low TY, Ma Z. A dose-response and meta-analysis of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation on testosterone levels: perinatal prediction of randomized clinical trials. Exp Gerontol 2020; 141:111110. [PMID: 33045358 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has been aggressively sold as a dietary supplement to boost testosterone levels although the impact of DHEA supplementation on testosterone levels has not been fully established. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs to investigate the effect of oral DHEA supplementation on testosterone levels. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed databases up to February 2020 for RCTs that investigated the effect of DHEA supplementation on testosterone levels. The estimated effect of the data was calculated using the weighted mean difference (WMD). Subgroup analysis was performed to identify the source of heterogeneity among studies. RESULTS Overall results from 42 publications (comprising 55 arms) demonstrated that testosterone level was significantly increased after DHEA administration (WMD: 28.02 ng/dl, 95% CI: 21.44-34.60, p = 0.00). Subgroup analyses revealed that DHEA increased testosterone level in all subgroups, but the magnitude of increment was higher in females compared to men (WMD: 30.98 ng/dl vs. 21.36 ng/dl); DHEA dosage of ˃50 mg/d compared to ≤50 mg/d (WMD: 57.96 ng/dl vs. 19.43 ng/dl); intervention duration of ≤12 weeks compared to ˃12 weeks (WMD: 44.64 ng/dl vs. 19 ng/dl); healthy participants compared to postmenopausal women, pregnant women, non-healthy participants and androgen-deficient patients (WMD: 52.17 ng/dl vs. 25.04 ng/dl, 16.44 ng/dl and 16.47 ng/dl); and participants below 60 years old compared to above 60 years old (WMD: 31.42 ng/dl vs. 23.93 ng/dl). CONCLUSION DHEA supplementation is effective for increasing testosterone levels, although the magnitude varies among different subgroups. More study needed on pregnant women and miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Perinatal Center, Shijiazhuang Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Obstetrics Department, Shijiazhuang Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Na Li
- Obstetrics Department, Shijiazhuang Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Obstetrics Department, Shijiazhuang Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Shing Cheng Tan
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zhimin Ma
- Perinatal Center, Shijiazhuang Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.
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16
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Marozkina N, Zein J, DeBoer MD, Logan L, Veri L, Ross K, Gaston B. Dehydroepiandrosterone Supplementation May Benefit Women with Asthma Who Have Low Androgen Levels: A Pilot Study. Pulm Ther 2019; 5:213-220. [PMID: 32026412 PMCID: PMC6967310 DOI: 10.1007/s41030-019-00101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Among individuals with severe asthma, FEV1 is low in individuals with low dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfate (DHEAS) levels. In the Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP), no women with DHEAS > 200 μg/dL had an FEV1 < 60% predicted. DHEA has benefited patients with COPD and pulmonary hypertension in small trials. Therefore, we hypothesized that DHEA supplementation may improve FEV1 in asthmatic women with low DHEAS. Methods Premenopausal, nonsmoking, otherwise healthy women, 18-50 years old, with mild or moderate asthma and baseline FEV1 > 60% predicted received 100 mg DHEA orally every 12 h for 2 weeks. Spirometry and DHEAS were measured at the initial visit and 2 weeks later, after completion of DHEA treatment. Based on our previous work, the primary outcome variable for this pilot study was post-albuterol spirometry in the low-DHEAS group. Subjects also continued their other routine asthma management. Results Serum DHEAS increased with DHEA treatment in women with starting DHEAS < 200 µg/dL: this increase was from 71 ± 23 to 725 ± 295 µg/dL (n = 10; p = 0.0001). The increase in the high-DHEAS group was smaller. Post-albuterol FEV1 increased by 51 mL, from 3.026 ± 0.5 to 3.077 ± 0.49 L (n = 10; p = 0.034 by paired t test, significant after Bonferroni), in women with low DHEAS. In the high-DHEAS group (baseline DHEAS ≥ 200 µg/dl), post-albuterol FEV1 did not change significantly (n = 3, p = NS). Three subjects were excluded: one had comorbid COPD, one could not perform spirometry, and one did not take the DHEA. There were no adverse effects of DHEA treatment in this trial. Conclusions Endocrine treatments (corticosteroids) are a mainstay of anti-inflammatory management for moderate and severe asthma. Their use has improved asthma outcomes. Androgens also reduce airway inflammation and promote airway smooth muscle relaxation, but are rarely used clinically for asthma treatment. Our results suggest that the over-the-counter steroid DHEA may improve lung function in asthma outcomes among women with DHEAS < 200 ug/dL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joe Zein
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Laurie Logan
- Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Laura Veri
- Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kristie Ross
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin Gaston
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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17
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Zaric M, Drakulic D, Dragic M, Gusevac Stojanovic I, Mitrovic N, Grkovic I, Martinovic J. Molecular Alterations and Effects of Acute Dehydroepiandrosterone Treatment Following Brief Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion: Relevance to Transient Ischemic Attack. Neuroscience 2019; 410:128-139. [PMID: 31095985 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Transient ischemic attack (TIA) represents brief neurological dysfunction of vascular origin without detectable infarction. Despite major clinical relevance characterization of post-TIA molecular changes using appropriate experimental model is lacking and no therapeutic agent has been established yet. Neurosteroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) arose as one of the candidates for cerebral ischemia treatment but its effects on TIA-like condition remain unknown. Seeking an animal model applicable for investigation of molecular alterations in mild ischemic conditions such as TIA, 15-min bilateral common carotid artery occlusion with 24-h reperfusion was performed to induce ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) injury in adult male Wistar rats. Additionally, effects of 4-h post-operative DHEA treatment (20 mg/kg) were investigated in physiological and I/R conditions in hippocampus (HIP) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). The study revealed absence of sensorimotor deficits, cerebral infarcts and neurodegeneration along with preserved HIP and PFC overall neuronal morphology and unaltered malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione level following I/R and/or DHEA treatment. I/R induced nitric oxide burst in HIP and PFC was accompanied with increased neuronal nitric oxide synthase protein level exclusively in HIP. DHEA had no effects in physiological conditions, while increase of Bax/Bcl2 ratio and dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential in treated I/R group suggested DHEA-mediated exacerbation of post-ischemic changes that might lead to pro-apoptotic events in HIP. Interestingly, DHEA restored I/R-induced NO to the control level in PFC. Obtained results indicated that I/R may serve as an appropriate model for investigation of molecular changes and treatment outcome following mild ischemic conditions such as TIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Zaric
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11351 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Dunja Drakulic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11351 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Milorad Dragic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11351 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia; Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3, 11001 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Ivana Gusevac Stojanovic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11351 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Natasa Mitrovic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11351 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Ivana Grkovic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11351 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Jelena Martinovic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11351 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
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18
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Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and its severe subtype pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) encompass a set of multifactorial diseases defined by sustained elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance leading to right ventricular failure and subsequent death. Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by vascular remodeling in association with smooth muscle cell proliferation of the arterioles, medial thickening, and plexiform lesion formation. Despite our recent advances in understanding its pathogenesis and related therapeutic discoveries, PH still remains a progressive disease without a cure. Nevertheless, development of drugs that specifically target molecular pathways involved in disease pathogenesis has led to improvement in life quality and clinical outcomes in patients with PAH. There are presently more than 12 Food and Drug Administration-approved vasodilator drugs in the United States for the treatment of PAH; however, mortality with contemporary therapies remains high. More recently, there have been exuberant efforts to develop new pharmacologic therapies that target the fundamental origins of PH and thus could represent disease-modifying opportunities. This review aims to summarize recent developments on key signaling pathways and molecular targets that drive PH disease progression, with emphasis on new therapeutic options under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Shan Chen Woodcock
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Y. Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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19
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Weidner K, Behnes M, Rusnak J, Schupp T, Hoppner J, Taton G, Reiser L, Bollow A, Reichelt T, Ellguth D, Engelke N, Kuche P, Ansari U, El‐Battrawy I, Lang S, Nienaber CA, Akin M, Mashayekhi K, Ferdinand D, Weiß C, Borggrefe M, Akin I. Male sex increases mortality in ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Intern Med J 2019; 49:711-721. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.14170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Weidner
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine MannheimUniversity of Heidelberg, European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Michael Behnes
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine MannheimUniversity of Heidelberg, European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Jonas Rusnak
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine MannheimUniversity of Heidelberg, European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Tobias Schupp
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine MannheimUniversity of Heidelberg, European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Jorge Hoppner
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology HeidelbergUniversity of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Gabriel Taton
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine MannheimUniversity of Heidelberg, European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Linda Reiser
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine MannheimUniversity of Heidelberg, European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Armin Bollow
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine MannheimUniversity of Heidelberg, European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Thomas Reichelt
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine MannheimUniversity of Heidelberg, European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Dominik Ellguth
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine MannheimUniversity of Heidelberg, European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Niko Engelke
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine MannheimUniversity of Heidelberg, European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Philipp Kuche
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine MannheimUniversity of Heidelberg, European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Uzair Ansari
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine MannheimUniversity of Heidelberg, European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Ibrahim El‐Battrawy
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine MannheimUniversity of Heidelberg, European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Siegfried Lang
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine MannheimUniversity of Heidelberg, European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | | | - Muharrem Akin
- Department of Cardiology and AngiologyHannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Kambis Mashayekhi
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology IIUniversity Heart Center Freiburg Bad Krozingen Germany
| | - Dennis Ferdinand
- Institute of Biomathematics and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine MannheimUniversity Medical Center Mannheim Germany
| | | | - Martin Borggrefe
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine MannheimUniversity of Heidelberg, European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), Faculty of Medicine MannheimUniversity of Heidelberg, European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim Mannheim Germany
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Dehydroepiandrosterone Prevents H 2O 2-Induced BRL-3A Cell Oxidative Damage through Activation of PI3K/Akt Pathways rather than MAPK Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2985956. [PMID: 31182991 PMCID: PMC6512062 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2985956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a popular dietary supplement that has well-known benefits in animals and humans, but there is not enough information about the mechanisms underlying its effects. The present study aimed at investigating these mechanisms through in vitro experiments on the effects of DHEA on rat liver BRL-3A cells exposed to oxidative stress through H2O2. The findings showed that DHEA increased the antioxidant enzyme activity, decreased ROS generation, and inhibited apoptosis in H2O2-treated cells. These effects of DHEA were not observed when the cells were pretreated with known antagonists of sex hormones (Trilostane, Flutamide, or Fulvestrant). Furthermore, treatment with estradiol and testosterone did not have the same protective effects as DHEA. Thus, the beneficial effects of DHEA were associated with mechanisms that were independent of steroid hormone pathways. With regard to the mechanism underlying the antiapoptotic effect of DHEA, pretreatment with DHEA was found to induce a significant decrease in the protein expression of Bax and caspase-3 and a significant increase in the protein expression of PI3K and p-Akt in H2O2-treated BRL-3A cells. These effects of DHEA were abolished when the cells were pretreated with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. No changes were observed on the p-ERK1/2, p-p38, and p-JNK protein levels in H2O2-induced BRL-3A cells pretreated with DHEA. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that DHEA protects BRL-3A cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through mechanisms that do not involve its biotransformation into steroid hormones or the activation of sex hormone receptors. Importantly, the protective effect of DHEA on BRL-3A cells was mainly associated with PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, rather than MAPK signaling pathways.
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Chistiakov DA, Myasoedova VA, Melnichenko AA, Grechko AV, Orekhov AN. Role of androgens in cardiovascular pathology. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2018; 14:283-290. [PMID: 30410343 PMCID: PMC6198881 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s173259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular effects of android hormones in normal and pathological conditions can lead to either positive or negative effects. The reason for this variation is unknown, but may be influenced by gender-specific effects of androids, heterogeneity of the vascular endothelium, differential expression of the androgen receptor in endothelial cells (ECs) and route of androgen administration. Generally, androgenic hormones are beneficial for ECs because these hormones induce nitric oxide production, proliferation, motility, and growth of ECs and inhibit inflammatory activation and induction of procoagulant, and adhesive properties in ECs. This indeed prevents endothelial dysfunction, an essential initial step in the development of vascular pathologies, including atherosclerosis. However, androgens can also activate endothelial production of some vasoconstrictors, which can have detrimental effects on the vascular endothelium. Androgens also activate proliferation, migration, and recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), thereby contributing to vascular repair and restoration of the endothelial layer. In this paper, we consider effects of androgen hormones on EC and EPC function in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Neurochemistry, Division of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Veronika A Myasoedova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia,
| | - Alexandra A Melnichenko
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia,
| | - Andrey V Grechko
- Federal Scientific Clinical Center for Resuscitation and Rehabilitation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia, .,Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia,
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Huang K, Wu LD. Dehydroepiandrosterone: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in osteoarthritis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 183:27-38. [PMID: 29787833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a 19-carbon steroid hormone primarily synthesized in the adrenal gland, exerts a chondroprotective effect against osteoarthritis (OA) and has been considered an effective candidate of disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) that slow disease progression. We and others previously demonstrated that DHEA exerted a beneficial effect on osteoarthritic cartilage by positively modulating the balance between anabolic and catabolic factors (e.g., MMPs/TIMP-1, ADAMTS/TIMP-3 and cysteine proteinases/cystatin C), inhibiting catabolic signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt/β-catenin), and suppressing proinflammatory cytokines-mediated low-grade synovial inflammation (e.g., IL-1β). However, the full picture of the pharmacological molecular mechanism(s) underlying the activity of DHEA against OA is still incomplete, and a comprehensive and up-to-date review article in this field is unavailable. In this review, recent findings (apart from the well documented pathogenesis of OA) regarding disease-related mechanisms involving low grade synovial inflammation, cartilage matrix stiffness, chondrocyte autophagy and the roles of a variety of catabolic cellular signaling pathways are discussed. Moreover, the possible relationship between these disease-related mechanisms and DHEA action is discussed. Emerging evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies were scrutinized and are concisely presented to demonstrate the investigational and putative mechanisms underlying the anti-OA potential of DHEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Li-Dong Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, China
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El-Sakka AI. Dehydroepiandrosterone and Erectile Function: A Review. World J Mens Health 2018; 36:183-191. [PMID: 29756417 PMCID: PMC6119841 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.180005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To review the contemporary knowledge regarding the dehydroepiandrosterone and erectile function. Medline was reviewed for English-language journal articles spanning the time between January 1990 and December 2017, using the terms 'erectile function', 'dehydroepiandrosterone'. We used Journal Articles and review articles that found to be relevant to the purpose of this review. Criteria included all pertinent review articles, randomized controlled trials with tight methodological design, cohort studies and retrospective analyses. We also manually revised references from selected articles. Several interesting studies have addressed the age-related decline in dehydroepiandrosterone levels with many age-related phenomena or deterioration in various physiological functions. Particularly, aging; neurological functions including decreased well-being, cognition, and memory; increased depression, decreased bone mineral density, obesity, diabetes, increased cardiovascular morbidity, erectile dysfunction (ED), and decreased libido. Supporting this result, some trials of dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation in healthy, middle-aged, and elderly subjects have reported improvements in different aspects of well-being. Several studies had demonstrated that dehydroepiandrosterone level is declined as a part of aging. Large-scale well-designed prospective studies are warranted to better define indications and therapeutic implications of dehydroepiandrosterone in men with ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I El-Sakka
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
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Sharma D, Coridon H, Aubry E, Houeijeh A, Houfflin-Debarge V, Besson R, Deruelle P, Storme L. Vasodilator effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on fetal pulmonary circulation: An experimental study in pregnant sheep. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198778. [PMID: 29949623 PMCID: PMC6021043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) remains a severe complication of the transition to extra-uterine life with significant morbidity and mortality in the newborns. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) represents a new pharmacological agent with vascular effects, including improvement of PPHN in several animal models. We hypothesized that DHEA could decrease pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in the pulmonary circulation of fetal sheep. We studied the effect of intravenous infusion of DHEA in fetal lambs using chronically instrumented sheep at 128 days of gestation. PVR was computed before and after intravenous infusion of increasing doses of DHEA. We assessed pre-treatment by L-nitroarginine, an inhibitor of NO production. Blood gases and doses of DHEA were measured in both sheep and fetus before/after DHEA infusion. Intravenous infusion of DHEA had a vasodilator effect with a significant decrease in PVR (respectively -11%, -14% and -36% after infusion of 6, 12 and 24 mg DHEA, p<0.01) without damaging effects on systemic circulation or on blood gases. The inhibitory effect of pre-treatment with L-nitroarginine resulted in a significant increase in PVR. We demonstrated a potent vasodilator effect of DHEA on fetal pulmonary circulation without deleterious effects. DHEA might represent a new treatment for PPHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyuti Sharma
- Univ. Lille, EA 4489 – Perinatal Environment and Health, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
| | - Hélène Coridon
- Univ. Lille, EA 4489 – Perinatal Environment and Health, Lille, France
- Hospital MFME, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fort-de‐France, Martinique, France
| | - Estelle Aubry
- Univ. Lille, EA 4489 – Perinatal Environment and Health, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
| | - Ali Houeijeh
- Univ. Lille, EA 4489 – Perinatal Environment and Health, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Department of Neonatology, Hospital Jeanne de Flandre, CHRU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Véronique Houfflin-Debarge
- Univ. Lille, EA 4489 – Perinatal Environment and Health, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
| | - Rémi Besson
- Univ. Lille, EA 4489 – Perinatal Environment and Health, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Deruelle
- Univ. Lille, EA 4489 – Perinatal Environment and Health, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
| | - Laurent Storme
- Univ. Lille, EA 4489 – Perinatal Environment and Health, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Department of Neonatology, Hospital Jeanne de Flandre, CHRU Lille, Lille, France
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Clark BJ, Prough RA, Klinge CM. Mechanisms of Action of Dehydroepiandrosterone. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 108:29-73. [PMID: 30029731 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (3β-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one, DHEA) and its sulfated metabolite DHEA-S are the most abundant steroids in circulation and decline with age. Rodent studies have shown that DHEA has a wide variety of effects on liver, kidney, adipose, reproductive tissues, and central nervous system/neuronal function. The mechanisms by which DHEA and DHEA-S impart their physiological effects may be direct actions on plasma membrane receptors, including a DHEA-specific, G-protein-coupled receptor in endothelial cells; various neuroreceptors, e.g., aminobutyric-acid-type A, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), and sigma-1 (S1R) receptors; by binding steroid receptors: androgen and estrogen receptors (ARs, ERα, or ERβ); or by their metabolism to more potent sex steroid hormones, e.g., testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol, which bind with higher affinity to ARs and ERs. DHEA inhibits voltage-gated T-type calcium channels. DHEA activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα) and CAR by a mechanism apparently involving PP2A, a protein phosphatase dephosphorylating PPARα and CAR to activate their transcriptional activity. We review our recent study showing DHEA activated GPER1 (G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1) in HepG2 cells to stimulate miR-21 transcription. This chapter reviews some of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of DHEA and DHEA-S activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Russell A Prough
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.
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Vegliante R, Ciriolo MR. Autophagy and Autophagic Cell Death: Uncovering New Mechanisms Whereby Dehydroepiandrosterone Promotes Beneficial Effects on Human Health. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 108:273-307. [PMID: 30029730 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is the most abundant steroid hormone in human serum and a precursor of sexual hormones. Its levels, which are maximum between the age of 20 and 30, dramatically decline with aging thus raising the question that many pathological conditions typical of the elderly might be associated with the decrement of circulating DHEA. Moreover, since its very early discovery, DHEA and its metabolites have been shown to be active in many pathophysiological contexts, including cardiovascular disease, brain disorders, and cancer. Indeed, treatment with DHEA has beneficial effects for the cure of these and many other pathologies in vitro, in vivo, and in patient studies. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying DHEA effects have been only partially elucidated. Autophagy is a self-digestive process, by which cell homeostasis is maintained, damaged organelles removed, and cell survival assured upon stress stimuli. However, high rate of autophagy is detrimental and leads to a form of programmed cell death known as autophagic cell death (ACD). In this chapter, we describe the process of autophagy and the morphological and biochemical features of ACD. Moreover, we analyze the beneficial effects of DHEA in several pathologies and the molecular mechanisms with particular emphasis on its regulation of cell death processes. Finally, we review data indicating DHEA and structurally related steroid hormones as modulators of both autophagy and ACD, a research field that opens new avenues in the therapeutic use of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Vegliante
- MN3T, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, Hopital Civil-Institut d'Hématologie et Immunologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maria R Ciriolo
- University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele 'La Pisana', Rome, Italy.
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Nguyen TV. Developmental effects of androgens in the human brain. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30. [PMID: 28489322 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine theories of brain development posit that androgens play a crucial role in sex-specific cortical growth, although little is known about the differential effects of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on cortico-limbic development and cognition during adolescence. In this context, the National Institutes of Health Study of Normal Brain Development, a longitudinal study of typically developing children and adolescents aged 4-24 years (n=433), offers a unique opportunity to examine the developmental effects of androgens on cortico-limbic maturation and cognition. Using data from this sample, our group found that higher testosterone levels were associated with left-sided decreases in cortical thickness (CTh) in post-pubertal boys, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, compared to right-sided increases in CTh in somatosensory areas in pre-pubertal girls. Prefrontal-amygdala and prefrontal-hippocampal structural covariance (considered to reflect structural connectivity) also varied according to testosterone levels, with the testosterone-related brain phenotype predicting higher aggression levels and lower executive function, particularly in boys. By contrast, DHEA was associated with a pre-pubertal increase in CTh of several regions involved in cognitive control in both boys and girls. Covariance within several cortico-amygdalar structural networks also varied as a function of DHEA levels, with the DHEA-related brain phenotype predicting improvements in visual attention in both boys and girls. DHEA-related cortico-hippocampal structural covariance, on the other hand, predicted higher scores on a test of working memory. Interestingly, there were significant interactions between testosterone and DHEA, such that DHEA tended to mitigate the anti-proliferative effects of testosterone on brain structure. In sum, testosterone-related effects on the developing brain may lead to detrimental effects on cortical functions (ie, higher aggression and lower executive function), whereas DHEA-related effects may optimise cortical functions (ie, better attention and working memory), perhaps by decreasing the influence of amygdalar and hippocampal afferents on cortical functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-V Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Bojar I, Pinkas J, Gujski M, Owoc A, Raczkiewicz D, Gustaw-Rothenberg K. Postmenopausal cognitive changes and androgen levels in the context of apolipoprotein E polymorphism. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:1148-1159. [PMID: 28883857 PMCID: PMC5575214 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.62869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The focus of this study was to assess cognitive functions in relation to androgens and specifically testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone in postmenopausal women as well as the correlation between cognitive functions and these two androgens according to polymorphism of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE). MATERIAL AND METHODS A group of 402 women was recruited to the study (minimum 2 years after the last menstruation, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) more than 30 U/ml and no dementia signs on Montreal Cognitive Assessment). The computerized battery of the Central Nervous System Vital Signs test was used to diagnose cognitive functions. APOE genotyping was performed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Testosterone (TTE) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in the blood serum were assessed for further statistical correlations analysis. RESULTS In the group of postmenopausal women, higher testosterone concentration was associated with lower scores for Neurocognition Index (NCI) (p = 0.028), memory (p = 0.008) and psychomotor speed (p < 0.001). Presence of at least one APOE ε4 allele potentiated testosterone's negative influence on cognitive functions (p < 0.05). Woman with a high normal level of DHEA scored significantly better in verbal (p = 0.027) and visual memory (p < 0.001) than other participants. APOE polymorphism did not modify the relationship between DHEA concentration and scores for cognitive functions. CONCLUSIONS Hormonal balance variations after menopause may influence brain processes concerned with cognition, especially memory and psychomotor speed. The observed effects may be related to androgens' influence on higher cortical functions in the changed hormonal dynamics of the postmenopausal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Bojar
- Department for Women Health, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Pinkas
- School of Public Health, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gujski
- Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alfred Owoc
- Center for Public Health and Health Promotion, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Raczkiewicz
- Institute of Statistics and Demography, Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kasia Gustaw-Rothenberg
- Lou Ruvo Brain Wellness Center, Neurological Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
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Kamin HS, Kertes DA. Cortisol and DHEA in development and psychopathology. Horm Behav 2017; 89:69-85. [PMID: 27979632 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and cortisol are the most abundant hormones of the human fetal and adult adrenals released as end products of a tightly coordinated endocrine response to stress. Together, they mediate short- and long-term stress responses and enable physiological and behavioral adjustments necessary for maintaining homeostasis. Detrimental effects of chronic or repeated elevations in cortisol on behavioral and emotional health are well documented. Evidence for actions of DHEA that offset or oppose those of cortisol has stimulated interest in examining their levels as a ratio, as an alternate index of adrenocortical activity and the net effects of cortisol. Such research necessitates a thorough understanding of the co-actions of these hormones on physiological functioning and in association with developmental outcomes. This review addresses the state of the science in understanding the role of DHEA, cortisol, and their ratio in typical development and developmental psychopathology. A rationale for studying DHEA and cortisol in concert is supported by physiological data on the coordinated synthesis and release of these hormones in the adrenal and by their opposing physiological actions. We then present evidence that researching cortisol and DHEA necessitates a developmental perspective. Age-related changes in DHEA and cortisol are described from the perinatal period through adolescence, along with observed associations of these hormones with developmental psychopathology. Along the way, we identify several major knowledge gaps in the role of DHEA in modulating cortisol in typical development and developmental psychopathology with implications for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley S Kamin
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Darlene A Kertes
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Androgen actions on endothelium functions and cardiovascular diseases. JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC CARDIOLOGY : JGC 2016; 13:183-96. [PMID: 27168746 PMCID: PMC4854959 DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The roles of androgens on cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology are controversial as both beneficial and detrimental effects have been reported. Although the reasons for this discrepancy are unclear, multiple factors such as genetic and epigenetic variation, sex-specificity, hormone interactions, drug preparation and route of administration may contribute. Recently, growing evidence suggests that androgens exhibit beneficial effects on cardiovascular function though the mechanism remains to be elucidated. Endothelial cells (ECs) which line the interior surface of blood vessels are distributed throughout the circulatory system, and play a crucial role in cardiovascular function. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are considered an indispensable element for the reconstitution and maintenance of an intact endothelial layer. Endothelial dysfunction is regarded as an initiating step in development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. The modulation of endothelial functions by androgens through either genomic or nongenomic signal pathways is one possible mechanism by which androgens act on the cardiovascular system. Obtaining insight into the mechanisms by which androgens affect EC and EPC functions will allow us to determine whether androgens possess beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. This in turn may be critical in the prevention and therapy of cardiovascular diseases. This article seeks to review recent progress in androgen regulation of endothelial function, the sex-specificity of androgen actions, and its clinical applications in the cardiovascular system.
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Pepe GJ, Maniu A, Aberdeen G, Lynch TJ, Albrecht ED. Estrogen Regulation of Fetal Adrenal Cortical Zone-Specific Development in the Nonhuman Primate Impacts Adrenal Production of Androgen and Cortisol and Response to ACTH in Females in Adulthood. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1905-13. [PMID: 26990066 PMCID: PMC4870886 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-2087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We showed that the volume of the fetal zone of the fetal adrenal gland and serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) levels at term were increased in baboons in which estradiol levels were suppressed by treatment with aromatase inhibitor 4,4-[1,2,3-triazol-1yl-methylene] bis-benzonitrite (letrozole). The fetal zone remodels postnatally into the reticular zone and DHAS production, and serum levels decline with age. Therefore, we determined whether the trajectory of reticular zone DHAS secretion and response to ACTH were altered in offspring deprived of estrogen in utero. Female offspring were delivered to baboons untreated or treated daily throughout the second half of gestation with letrozole (estradiol reduced >95%) or letrozole plus estradiol and cortisol and DHAS determined in blood samples obtained bimonthly between 4 and 125 months and after iv bolus of ACTH. The slope/rate of decline in serum DHAS with advancing age was greater (P < .01) in letrozole-treated (-0.54 ± 0.005) than untreated (-0.32 ± 0.003) baboons and partially restored by letrozole-estradiol (-0.43 ± 0.004). Serum cortisol was similar and relatively constant in all offspring. Moreover, in letrozole-treated offspring, serum DHAS at 61-66, 67-95, and 96-125 months were lower (P < .05), and cortisol to DHAS ratio was greater (P < .05) than in untreated offspring. ACTH at high level increased cortisol and DHAS in untreated baboons and cortisol but not DHAS in letrozole-treated offspring. We propose that postnatal development of the primate adrenal cortex, including the decline in reticular zone DHAS production, response to ACTH and maintenance of cortisol to DHAS ratio with advancing age is modulated by exposure of the fetal adrenal to estradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald J Pepe
- Departments of Physiological Sciences (G.J.P., T.J.L.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.M.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23501; and Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology/Reproductive Sciences and Physiology (G.A., E.D.A.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Adina Maniu
- Departments of Physiological Sciences (G.J.P., T.J.L.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.M.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23501; and Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology/Reproductive Sciences and Physiology (G.A., E.D.A.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Graham Aberdeen
- Departments of Physiological Sciences (G.J.P., T.J.L.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.M.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23501; and Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology/Reproductive Sciences and Physiology (G.A., E.D.A.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Terrie J Lynch
- Departments of Physiological Sciences (G.J.P., T.J.L.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.M.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23501; and Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology/Reproductive Sciences and Physiology (G.A., E.D.A.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Eugene D Albrecht
- Departments of Physiological Sciences (G.J.P., T.J.L.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.M.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23501; and Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology/Reproductive Sciences and Physiology (G.A., E.D.A.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
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Prough RA, Clark BJ, Klinge CM. Novel mechanisms for DHEA action. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 56:R139-55. [PMID: 26908835 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (3β-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one, DHEA), secreted by the adrenal cortex, gastrointestinal tract, gonads, and brain, and its sulfated metabolite DHEA-S are the most abundant endogeneous circulating steroid hormones. DHEA actions are classically associated with age-related changes in cardiovascular tissues, female fertility, metabolism, and neuronal/CNS functions. Early work on DHEA action focused on the metabolism to more potent sex hormones, testosterone and estradiol, and the subsequent effect on the activation of the androgen and estrogen steroid receptors. However, it is now clear that DHEA and DHEA-S act directly as ligands for many hepatic nuclear receptors and G-protein-coupled receptors. In addition, it can function to mediate acute cell signaling pathways. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms by which DHEA acts in cells and animal models with a focus on the 'novel' and physiological modes of DHEA action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell A Prough
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsCenter for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Barbara J Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsCenter for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsCenter for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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Lee MJ, Kim EH, Lee SA, Kang YM, Jung CH, Yoon HK, Seol SM, Lee YL, Lee WJ, Park JY. Dehydroepiandrosterone prevents linoleic acid-induced endothelial cell senescence by increasing autophagy. Metabolism 2015; 64:1134-45. [PMID: 26051603 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy has emerged as a potentially important factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an adrenal steroid of great recent interest due to its anti-aging and anti-atherogenic effects; however, little is known about its role in autophagy and endothelial senescence. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether DHEA prevents linoleic acid (LA)-induced endothelial senescence by enhancing autophagy. MATERIALS/METHODS After pre-treatement with or without DHEA prior to LA treatment in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), the level of senescence was compared by senescence-associated acidic β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining and hyperphosphorylated pRB (ppRB) protein level. Autophagy was detected by LC3 conversion and measuring the level of p62/SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1), a protein degraded by autophagy. The fusion of autophagosome and lysosome was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Pre-treatment with DHEA inhibited LA-induced endothelial senescence. DHEA increased the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and decreased the level of p62 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Although both DHEA and LA treatment increased the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II, treatment of LA increased p62 and decreased fusion of autophagosome and lysosome, which reflected decreased autophagic flux. However, pre-treatment with DHEA restored autophagic flux inhibited by LA. When we evaluated signaling pathways, we found that JNK activation involved in LC3 conversion induced by DHEA. CONCLUSION DHEA prevents LA-induced endothelial senescence by restoring autophagy and autophagic flux through JNK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ah Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Mi Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hee Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Kyeong Yoon
- Asan Institute of Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Mi Seol
- Asan Institute of Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo La Lee
- Asan Institute of Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Je Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joong-Yeol Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfated form dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) are the most abundant circulating steroid hormones in humans. In animal studies, their low levels have been associated with age-related involuntary changes, including reduced lifespan. Extrapolation of animal data to humans turned DHEA into a 'superhormone' and an 'anti-aging' panacea. It has been aggressively marketed and sold in large quantities as a dietary supplement. Recent double-blind, placebo-controlled human studies provided evidence to support some of these claims. In the elderly, DHEA exerts an immunomodulatory action, increasing the number of monocytes, T cells expressing T-cell receptor gamma/delta (TCRγδ) and natural killer (NK) cells. It improves physical and psychological well-being, muscle strength and bone density, and reduces body fat and age-related skin atrophy stimulating procollagen/sebum production. In adrenal insufficiency, DHEA restores DHEA/DHEAS and androstenedione levels, reduces total cholesterol, improves well-being, sexual satisfaction and insulin sensitivity, and prevents loss of bone mineral density. Normal levels of CD4+CD25(hi) and FoxP3 (forkhead box P3) are restored. In systemic lupus erythematosus, DHEA is steroid-sparing. In an unblinded study, it induced remission in the majority of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. DHEA modulates cardiovascular signalling pathways and exerts an anti-inflammatory, vasorelaxant and anti-remodelling effect. Its low levels correlate with increased cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. DHEA/DHEAS appear protective in asthma and allergy. It attenuates T helper 2 allergic inflammation, and reduces eosinophilia and airway hyperreactivity. Low levels of DHEAS accompany adrenal suppression. It could be used to screen for the side effects of steroids. In women, DHEA improves sexual satisfaction, fertility and age-related vaginal atrophy. Many factors are responsible for the inconsistent/negative results of some studies. Overreliance on animal models (DHEA is essentially a human molecule), different dosing protocols with non-pharmacological doses often unachievable in humans, rapid metabolism of DHEA, co-morbidities and organ-specific differences render data interpretation difficult. Nevertheless, a growing body of evidence supports the notion that DHEA is not just an overrated dietary supplement but a useful drug for some, but not all, human diseases. Large-scale randomised controlled trials are needed to fine-tune the indications and optimal dosing protocols before DHEA enters routine clinical practice.
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Sukocheva OA, Li B, Due SL, Hussey DJ, Watson DI. Androgens and esophageal cancer: What do we know? World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:6146-6156. [PMID: 26034350 PMCID: PMC4445092 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i20.6146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant disparities exist between genders for the development and progression of several gastro-intestinal (GI) diseases including cancer. Differences in incidence between men vs women for colon, gastric and hepatocellular cancers suggest a role for steroid sex hormones in regulation of GI carcinogenesis. Involvement of intrinsic gender-linked mechanisms is also possible for esophageal adenocarcinoma as its incidence is disproportionally high among men. However, the cause of the observed gender differences and the potential role of androgens in esophageal carcinogenesis remains unclear, even though the cancer-promoting role of androgen receptors (AR) shown in other cancers such as prostate and bladder suggests this aspect warrants exploration. Several studies have demonstrated expression of ARs in esophageal cancer. However, only one study has suggested a potential link between AR signaling and outcome - poorer prognosis. Two groups have analyzed data from cohorts with prostate cancer and one of these found a decreased incidence of esophageal squamous and adenocarcinoma after androgen deprivation therapy. However, very limited information is available about the effects of androgen and AR-initiated signaling on esophageal cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Possible mechanisms for androgens/AR involvement in the regulation of esophageal cancer growth are considered, and the potential use of AR as a prognostic factor and clinical target is highlighted, although insufficient evidence is available to support clinical trials of novel therapies. As esophageal adenocarcinoma is a gender linked cancer with a large male predominance further studies are warranted to clarify the role of androgens and ARs in shaping intracellular signaling and genomic responses in esophageal cancer.
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Pang Y, Dong J, Thomas P. Progesterone increases nitric oxide synthesis in human vascular endothelial cells through activation of membrane progesterone receptor-α. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E899-911. [PMID: 25805192 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00527.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone exerts beneficial effects on the human cardiovascular system by inducing rapid increases in nitric oxide (NO) production in vascular endothelial cells, but the receptors mediating these nongenomic progesterone actions remain unclear. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as a model, we show that progesterone binds to plasma membranes of HUVECs with the characteristics of membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs). The selective mPR agonist Org OD 02-0 had high binding affinity for the progesterone receptor on HUVEC membranes, whereas nuclear PR (nPR) agonists R5020 and medroxyprogesterone acetate displayed low binding affinities. Immunocytochemical and Western blot analyses confirmed that mPRs are expressed in HUVECs and are localized on their plasma membranes. NO levels increased rapidly after treatment with 20 nM progesterone, Org OD 02-0, and a progesterone-BSA conjugate but not with R5020, suggesting that this progesterone action is at the cell surface and initiated through mPRs. Progesterone and Org OD 02-0 (20 nM) also significantly increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and eNOS phosphorylation. Knockdown of mPRα expression by treatment with small-interfering RNA (siRNA) blocked the stimulatory effects of 20 nM progesterone on NO production and eNOS phosphorylation, whereas knockdown of nPR was ineffective. Treatment with PI3K/Akt and MAP kinase inhibitors blocked the stimulatory effects of progesterone, Org OD 02-0, and progesterone-BSA on NO production and eNOS phosphorylation and also prevented progesterone- and Org OD 02-0-induced increases in Akt and ERK phosphorylation. The results suggest that progesterone stimulation of NO production in HUVECs is mediated by mPRα and involves signaling through PI3K/Akt and MAP kinase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefei Pang
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas
| | - Jing Dong
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas
| | - Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas
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Torres-Estay V, Carreño DV, San Francisco IF, Sotomayor P, Godoy AS, Smith GJ. Androgen receptor in human endothelial cells. J Endocrinol 2015; 224:R131-7. [PMID: 25563353 PMCID: PMC4700832 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-inducible transcription factor, and a member of the steroid-thyroid-retinoid receptor superfamily, that mediates the biological effects of androgens in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. AR expression was identified in vascular cells nearly 20 years ago, and recent research has shown that AR mediates a variety of actions of androgens in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. In this mini-review, we review evidence indicating the importance of AR in human endothelial cell (HUVEC) homeostatic and pathogenic processes. Although a role for AR in the modulation of HUVEC biology is evident, the molecular mechanisms by which AR regulates HUVEC homeostasis and disease processes are not fully understood. Understanding these mechanisms could provide critical insights into the processes of pathogenesis of diseases ranging from cardiovascular disease to cancer that are major causes of human morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Torres-Estay
- Departamento de FisiologíaUrologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, ChileCenter for Integrative Medicine and Innovative SciencesUniversidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, ChileDepartment of UrologyRoswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Daniela V Carreño
- Departamento de FisiologíaUrologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, ChileCenter for Integrative Medicine and Innovative SciencesUniversidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, ChileDepartment of UrologyRoswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Ignacio F San Francisco
- Departamento de FisiologíaUrologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, ChileCenter for Integrative Medicine and Innovative SciencesUniversidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, ChileDepartment of UrologyRoswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Paula Sotomayor
- Departamento de FisiologíaUrologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, ChileCenter for Integrative Medicine and Innovative SciencesUniversidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, ChileDepartment of UrologyRoswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Alejandro S Godoy
- Departamento de FisiologíaUrologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, ChileCenter for Integrative Medicine and Innovative SciencesUniversidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, ChileDepartment of UrologyRoswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA Departamento de FisiologíaUrologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, ChileCenter for Integrative Medicine and Innovative SciencesUniversidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, ChileDepartment of UrologyRoswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Gary J Smith
- Departamento de FisiologíaUrologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, ChileCenter for Integrative Medicine and Innovative SciencesUniversidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, ChileDepartment of UrologyRoswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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Maggio M, De Vita F, Fisichella A, Colizzi E, Provenzano S, Lauretani F, Luci M, Ceresini G, Dall'Aglio E, Caffarra P, Valenti G, Ceda GP. DHEA and cognitive function in the elderly. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 145:281-92. [PMID: 24794824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The adrenal prohormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulphate conjugate (DHEAS) steadily decrease with age by 10% per decade reaching a nadir after the age of 80. Both DHEA and DHEAS (DHEA/S) exert many biological activities in different tissues and organs. In particular, DHEA and DHEAS are produced de novo in the brain, hence their classification as neurosteroids. In humans, the brain-to-plasma ratios for DHEA and DHEAS are 4-6.5 and 8.5, respectively, indicating a specific neuroendocrine role for these hormones. DHEA/S stimulates neurite growth, neurogenesis and neuronal survival, apoptosis, catecholamine synthesis and secretion. Together with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-glucocorticoid properties, it has been hypothesized a neuroprotective effect for DHEA/S. We conducted an accurate research of the literature using PubMed. In the period of time between 1994 and 2013, we selected the observational human studies testing the relationship between DHEA/S and cognitive function in both sexes. The studies are presented according to the cross-sectional and longitudinal design and to the positive or neutral effects on different domains of cognitive function. We also analysed the Clinical Trials, available in the literature, having cognitive domains as the main or secondary outcome. Although the cross-sectional evidence of a positive association between DHEA/S and cognitive function, longitudinal studies and RCTs using DHEA oral treatment (50mg/day) in normal or demented adult-older subjects, have produced conflicting and inconsistent results. In summary, the current data do not provide clear evidence for the usefulness of DHEA treatment to improve cognitive function in adult-older subjects. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Essential role of DHEA'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Maggio
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Food Sciences Unit and Endocrinology of Aging Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy.
| | - Francesca De Vita
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy
| | - Alberto Fisichella
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy
| | - Elena Colizzi
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy
| | - Sandra Provenzano
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy
| | - Fulvio Lauretani
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy
| | - Michele Luci
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy
| | - Graziano Ceresini
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Food Sciences Unit and Endocrinology of Aging Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy
| | - Elisabetta Dall'Aglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Food Sciences Unit and Endocrinology of Aging Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy
| | - Paolo Caffarra
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma (PR), Italy; Outpatient Clinic for the Diagnosis and Therapy of Cognitive Disorders, AUSL, Parma (PR), Italy
| | - Giorgio Valenti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Food Sciences Unit and Endocrinology of Aging Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Ceda
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Food Sciences Unit and Endocrinology of Aging Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma (PR), Italy
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del Campo M, Sagredo A, del Campo L, Villalobo A, Ferrer M. Time-dependent effect of orchidectomy on vascular nitric oxide and thromboxane A2 release. Functional implications to control cell proliferation through activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102523. [PMID: 25013941 PMCID: PMC4094513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzes whether the release of nitric oxide (NO) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) depends on the time lapsed since gonadal function is lost, and their correlation with the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) mediated by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). For this purpose, aortic and mesenteric artery segments from control and 6-weeks or 5-months orchidectomized rats were used to measure NO and TXA2 release. The results showed that the basal and acetylcholine (ACh)-induced NO release were decreased 6 weeks post-orchidectomy both in aorta and mesenteric artery, but were recovered 5 months thereafter up to levels similar to those found in arteries from control rats. The basal and ACh-induced TXA2 release increased in aorta and mesenteric artery 6 weeks post-orchidectomy, and was maintained at high levels 5 months thereafter. Since we previously observed that orchidectomy, which decreased testosterone level, enlarged the muscular layer of mesenteric arteries, the effect of testosterone on VSMC proliferation was analyzed. The results showed that treatment of cultured VSMC with testosterone downregulated mitogenic signaling pathways initiated by the ligand-dependent activation of the EGFR. In contrast, the EGFR pathways were constitutively active in mesenteric arteries of long-term orchidectomized rats. Thus, the exposure of mesenteric arteries from control rats to epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced the activation of EGFR signaling pathways. However, the addition of EGF to arteries from orchidectomized rats failed to induce a further activation of these pathways. In conclusion, this study shows that the release of NO depends on the time lapsed since the gonadal function is lost, while the release of TXA2 is already increased after short periods post-orchidectomy. The alterations in these signaling molecules could contribute to the constitutive activation of the EGFR and its downstream signaling pathways after long period post-orchidectomy enhancing the proliferation of the vascular muscular layer.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylcholine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology
- ErbB Receptors/agonists
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Male
- Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects
- Mesenteric Arteries/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Orchiectomy
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Testosterone/pharmacology
- Thromboxane A2/biosynthesis
- Thromboxane A2/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Tissue Culture Techniques
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta del Campo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sagredo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara del Campo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias IdIPAZ, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Villalobo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ferrer
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias IdIPAZ, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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Teng Y, Litchfield LM, Ivanova MM, Prough RA, Clark BJ, Klinge CM. Dehydroepiandrosterone-induces miR-21 transcription in HepG2 cells through estrogen receptor β and androgen receptor. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 392:23-36. [PMID: 24845419 PMCID: PMC4074919 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although oncomiR miR-21 is highly expressed in liver and overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), its regulation is uncharacterized. We examined the effect of physiologically relevant nanomolar concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEA-S) on miR-21 expression in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. 10nM DHEA and DHEA-S increase pri-miR-21 transcription in HepG2 cells. Dietary DHEA increased miR-21 in vivo in mouse liver. siRNA and inhibitor studies suggest that DHEA-S requires desulfation for activity and that DHEA-induced pri-miR-21 transcription involves metabolism to androgen and estrogen receptor (AR and ER) ligands. Activation of ERβ and AR by DHEA metabolites androst-5-ene-3,17-dione (ADIONE), androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol (ADIOL), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol (3β-Adiol) increased miR-21 transcription. DHEA-induced miR-21 increased cell proliferation and decreased Pdcd4 protein, a bona fide miR-21. Estradiol (E2) inhibited miR-21 expression via ERα. DHEA increased ERβ and AR recruitment to the miR-21 promoter within the VMP1/TMEM49 gene, with possible significance in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Teng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Lacey M Litchfield
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Margarita M Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Russell A Prough
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Barbara J Clark
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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Samaras N, Samaras D, Frangos E, Forster A, Philippe J. A review of age-related dehydroepiandrosterone decline and its association with well-known geriatric syndromes: is treatment beneficial? Rejuvenation Res 2014; 16:285-94. [PMID: 23647054 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2013.1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate ester are the most abundant steroids in humans. DHEA levels fall with age in men and women, reaching values sometimes as low as 10%-20% of those encountered in young individuals. This age-related decrease suggests an "adrenopause" phenomenon. Studies point toward several potential roles of DHEA, mainly through its hormonal end products, making this decline clinically relevant. Unfortunately, even if positive effects of DHEA on muscle, bone, cardiovascular disease, and sexual function seem rather robust, extremely few studies are large enough and/or long enough for conclusions regarding its effects on aging. Moreover, because it has been publically presented as a "fountain of youth" equivalent, over-the-counter preparations lacking pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data are widely used worldwide. Conceptually, supplementing a pre-hormone is extremely interesting, because it would permit the human organism to adequately use it throughout long periods, increasing or decreasing end products according to his needs. Nevertheless, data on the safety profile of long-term DHEA supplementation are still lacking. In this article, we examine the potential relation between low DHEA levels and well-known age-related diseases, such as sarcopenia, osteoporosis, dementia, sexual disorders, and cardiovascular disease. We also review risks and benefits of existing protocols of DHEA supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Samaras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Shihan M, Kirch U, Scheiner-Bobis G. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate mediates activation of transcription factors CREB and ATF-1 via a Gα11-coupled receptor in the spermatogenic cell line GC-2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:3064-3075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Pluchino N, Carmignani A, Cubeddu A, Santoro A, Cela V, Errasti T, Alcalà TE. Androgen therapy in women: for whom and when. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2013; 288:731-7. [PMID: 23912530 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-013-2969-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Androgens play a primary role in female physiopathology. The age-related reduction in the production of ovarian and adrenal androgens may significantly affect women's health. The decline of circulating androgens results from a combination of two events: reduced ovarian production and aged-related decline in adrenal androgen synthesis. The relative androgen deficiency in pre- and postmenopausal women may induce impairment of sexual function, libido, well-being, energy and may contribute to reduced cognitive functions. Whether androgen deficiency also affects cardiovascular or bone biology in women during reproductive aging is still controversial. Both in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues, there are multiple ways whereby androgens target their specific actions through a particular tropism of the brain areas that are involved in sexual function, behavior and cognition. Among circulating available androgens that are involved in several domains of sexual response, adrenal androgens seem to be related to some sexual symptoms as well as diminished cognitive function in postmenopausal women. The possibilities of treating low sexual desire/hypoactive sexual desire disorder are multifaceted and should include the combination of both pharmacological treatments able to maximize biological signals that drive the sexual response as well as individualized psychosocial therapies to overcome personal and relational difficulties. Transdermal testosterone has been proved to be effective but the use of additional treatment like oral or vaginal dehydroepiandrosterone is still controversial, despite many evidences support it. The decision to treat premenopausal or postmenopausal women with signs/symptoms of androgen insufficiency is mainly based on the clinical judgment, together with estrogens co-administration and following informed consent related to the unknown long-term risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pluchino
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Child Development, Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Pisa, Via Roma 35, 56100, Pisa, Italy,
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Godoy AS, Chung I, Montecinos VP, Buttyan R, Johnson CS, Smith GJ. Role of androgen and vitamin D receptors in endothelial cells from benign and malignant human prostate. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E1131-9. [PMID: 23548616 PMCID: PMC4116355 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00602.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Forty years ago, Judah Folkman (Folkman. N Engl J Med 285: 1182-1186, 1971) proposed that tumor growth might be controlled by limiting formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) needed to supply a growing tumor with oxygen and nutrients. To this end, numerous "antiangiogenic" agents have been developed and tested for therapeutic efficacy in cancer patients, including prostate cancer (CaP) patients, with limited success. Despite the lack of clinical efficacy of lead anti-angiogenic therapeutics in CaP patients, recent published evidence continues to support the idea that prostate tumor vasculature provides a reasonable target for development of new therapeutics. Particularly relevant to antiangiogenic therapies targeted to the prostate is the observation that specific hormones can affect the survival and vascular function of prostate endothelial cells within normal and malignant prostate tissues. Here, we review the evidence demonstrating that both androgen(s) and vitamin D significantly impact the growth and survival of endothelial cells residing within prostate cancer and that systemic changes in circulating androgen or vitamin D drastically affect blood flow and vascularity of prostate tissue. Furthermore, recent evidence will be discussed about the expression of the receptors for both androgen and vitamin D in prostate endothelial cells that argues for direct effects of these hormone-activated receptors on the biology of endothelial cells. Based on this literature, we propose that prostate tumor vasculature represents an unexplored target for modulation of tumor growth. A better understanding of androgen and vitamin D effects on prostate endothelial cells will support development of more effective angiogenesis-targeting therapeutics for CaP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro S Godoy
- Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Austin ED, Lahm T, West J, Tofovic SP, Johansen AK, MacLean MR, Alzoubi A, Oka M. Gender, sex hormones and pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2013; 3:294-314. [PMID: 24015330 PMCID: PMC3757824 DOI: 10.4103/2045-8932.114756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most subtypes of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are characterized by a greater susceptibility to disease among females, although females with PAH appear to live longer after diagnosis. While this "estrogen paradoxȍ of enhanced female survival despite increased female susceptibility remains a mystery, recent progress has begun to shed light upon the interplay of sex hormones, the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, and the right ventricular response to stress. For example, emerging data in humans and experimental models suggest that estrogens or differential sex hormone metabolism may modify disease risk among susceptible subjects, and that estrogens may interact with additional local factors such as serotonin to enhance the potentially damaging chronic effects of estrogens on the pulmonary vasculature. Regardless, it remains unclear why not all estrogenic compounds behave equally, nor why estrogens appear to be protective in certain settings but detrimental in others. The contribution of androgens and other compounds, such as dehydroepiandrosterone, to pathogenesis and possibly treatment must be considered as well. In this review, we will discuss the recent understandings on how estrogens, estrogen metabolism, dehydroepiandrosterone, and additional susceptibility factors may all contribute to the pathogenesis or potentially to the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, by evaluating current human, cell-based, and experimental model data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Austin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tim Lahm
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Occupational, and Sleep Medicine and Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - James West
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stevan P. Tofovic
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anne Katrine Johansen
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, USA
| | - Margaret R. MacLean
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, USA
| | - Abdallah Alzoubi
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Masahiko Oka
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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Savineau JP, Marthan R, Dumas de la Roque E. Role of DHEA in cardiovascular diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 85:718-26. [PMID: 23270992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a steroid hormone derived from cholesterol synthesized by the adrenal glands. DHEA and its 3β-sulphate ester (DHEA-S) are the most abundant circulating steroid hormones. In human, there is a clear age-related decline in serum DHEA and DHEA-S and this has suggested that a relative deficiency in these steroids may be causally related to the development of a series of diseases associated with aging including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This commentary aims to highlight the action of DHEA in CVD and its beneficial effect in therapy. We thus discuss the possible impact of serum DHEA decline and DHEA supplementation in diseases such as hypertension, coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis. More specifically, we provide evidence for a beneficial action of DHEA in the main disease of the pulmonary circulation: pulmonary hypertension. We also examine the potential cellular mechanism of action of DHEA in terms of receptors (membrane/nuclear) and associated signaling pathways (ion channels, calcium signaling, PI3K/AKT/eNos pathway, cGMP, RhoA/RhoK pathway). We show that DHEA acts as an anti-remodeling and vasorelaxant drug. Since it is a well-tolerated and inexpensive drug, DHEA may prove to be a valuable molecule in CVD but it deserves further studies both at the molecular level and in large clinical trials.
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Dolomatov SI, Zukow W, Atmazhov ID, Muszkieta R, Skaliy A. The use of hormones indicators in human saliva in diagnosing parodontitis in pregnant women. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2012; 18:305-9. [PMID: 23716938 PMCID: PMC3656519 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.107982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this work- was to study the dynamics of biochemical parameters of human saliva and analyze the features of the chemical composition of the saliva of women with abnormal pregnancy and in periodontitis against pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS THE STUDY INCLUDED FOUR GROUPS OF WOMEN: a control group of nonpregnant women of childbearing age (10), pregnant women with physiological pregnancy (24-28 weeks) without any signs of periodontal disease (10), pregnant with a generalized periodontitis I--II degrees in remission (10), women with pathological pregnancy with no signs of periodontal inflammation (10). In each of the groups over two samples of saliva were collected, the first collection of saliva in the morning on an empty stomach. Then mouthwash 0.9% sodium chloride solution was assigned and after 30 minutes the second portion of saliva. By enzyme immunoassay in samples of saliva of control groups of nonpregnant and pregnant women, as well as women with signs of a pathological course of pregnancy, the content of estriol, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was determined. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Statistical data analysis was performed by the standard technique using Student's t-test. RESULTS The results of biochemical analysis of saliva samples collected before rinsing the mouth with saline in groups of healthy nonpregnant and pregnant women were compared. It was established that during pregnancy the concentration of salivary estriol increases, but in pregnant women with periodontitis, the amount of this hormone in the saliva was significantly reduced. The highest content of testosterone in saliva samples, observed in healthy pregnant women, was significantly higher than nonpregnant women. In pregnant women with periodontitis concentration of testosterone in saliva is reduced, while remaining significantly higher than its level in the saliva of nonpregnant women. The highest concentration of testosterone is observed in the saliva of healthy pregnant women with periodontitis, but the smallest concentration of testosterone is found in the saliva of nonpregnant women. Also the nonpregnant group has the lowest levels of DHEA in pregnancy, and its content increases almost threefold when periodontal disease further grows. CONCLUSIONS It was established that periodontitis against pregnancy is characterized by higher levels of salivary DHEA sulfate and lower estriol, compared with a control group of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. I. Dolomatov
- Department of Biology, Odessa State Environmental University, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - W. Zukow
- Department of Health and Physical Culture, University of Economy, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - I. D. Atmazhov
- Medical Department, Odessa State Medical University, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - R. Muszkieta
- Department of Health, Physical Culture and Tourism, Kazimerz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - A. Skaliy
- Department of Health and Physical Culture, University of Economy, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Vassalle C, Simoncini T, Chedraui P, Pérez-López FR. Why sex matters: the biological mechanisms of cardiovascular disease. Gynecol Endocrinol 2012; 28:746-51. [PMID: 22329808 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2011.652720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading determinant of mortality and morbidity in women. However, a full understanding of the basic and clinical aspects of CVD in women is far from being accomplished. Sexual dimorphism in CVD has been reported both in humans and experimental animals. Menopause is a risk factor for CVD due to the reduction of endogenous estrogen, although the mechanisms underlying are poorly understood. Estrogens act through binding to vascular estrogen receptors and by non-genomic mechanisms. Advances in this field are essential to improve CVD diagnostic and clinical strategies in women, and to develop sex-specific prevention plans as much as female-oriented treatment algorithms. This paper reviews pathophysiology of CVD in women and its potential clinical implications. Particular emphasis is given to biochemical markers and to indicators of cardiovascular dysfunction and damage. Estimation of these parameters, central to cardiovascular pathophysiology, could represent a particularly relevant tool in female patients. More research is needed to identify women who will profit most of early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Vassalle
- G. Monasterio Foundation of the Toscana Region and Institute of Clinical Physiology-CNR, Pisa, Italy
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