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Wolosiewicz M, Balatskyi VV, Duda MK, Filip A, Ntambi JM, Navrulin VO, Dobrzyn P. SCD4 deficiency decreases cardiac steatosis and prevents cardiac remodeling in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100612. [PMID: 39094772 PMCID: PMC11402454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is a lipogenic enzyme that catalyzes formation of the first double bond in the carbon chain of saturated fatty acids. Four isoforms of SCD have been identified in mice, the most poorly characterized of which is SCD4, which is cardiac-specific. In the present study, we investigated the role of SCD4 in systemic and cardiac metabolism. We used WT and global SCD4 KO mice that were fed standard laboratory chow or a high-fat diet (HFD). SCD4 deficiency reduced body adiposity and decreased hyperinsulinemia and hypercholesterolemia in HFD-fed mice. The loss of SCD4 preserved heart morphology in the HFD condition. Lipid accumulation decreased in the myocardium in SCD4-deficient mice and in HL-1 cardiomyocytes with knocked out Scd4 expression. This was associated with an increase in the rate of lipolysis and, more specifically, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) activity. Possible mechanisms of ATGL activation by SCD4 deficiency include lower protein levels of the ATGL inhibitor G0/G1 switch protein 2 and greater activation by protein kinase A under lipid overload conditions. Moreover, we observed higher intracellular Ca2+ levels in HL-1 cells with silenced Scd4 expression. This may explain the activation of protein kinase A in response to higher Ca2+ levels. Additionally, the loss of SCD4 inhibited mitochondrial enlargement, NADH overactivation, and reactive oxygen species overproduction in the heart in HFD-fed mice. In conclusion, SCD4 deficiency activated lipolysis, resulting in a reduction of cardiac steatosis, prevented the induction of left ventricular hypertrophy, and reduced reactive oxygen species levels in the heart in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wolosiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Volodymyr V Balatskyi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika K Duda
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Filip
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - James M Ntambi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Viktor O Navrulin
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Dobrzyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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Rajbanshi G, Li W, Nong X, Li Y, Nong D. Lacrimal gland Alterations and the Effect of artesunate on experimental induced diabetes rat models and related mechanisms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12556. [PMID: 38821986 PMCID: PMC11143198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients are at high risk of developing lacrimal gland dysfunction, and the antimalarial drug artesunate (ART) was recently used to induce experimental-induced diabetes mellitus. This study's objective is to investigate the lacrimal gland alteration and the effect of ART on experimentally induced diabetes rat models and its related mechanisms. Forty rats were divided into five groups (8 rats/group): healthy control group (HC), diabetic group (DM), 50 mg/kg ART intervention diabetic group [DM + ART (50 mg/kg)], 100 mg/kg ART intervention diabetic group [DM + ART (100 mg/kg)] and 6 U/kg Insulin intervention diabetic group (DM + INS). The morphology of the eyeball and lacrimal gland tissues was determined using hematoxylin and eosin staining. In addition, external lacrimal glands were harvested for electronic microscopic examination, NFκB1, and TNF-α protein expression evaluation by immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression analysis by RT-PCR. Histopathological and ultrastructural changes suggest ART intervention has an improved structural effect. Protein expression of NFκB1 in the DM + ART (100 mg/kg) group was decreased. TNF-α significantly decreased in the DM + ART (50 mg/kg) and insulin groups. We concluded that ART improves structural changes in a lacrimal gland in diabetic rats. The present study provides further evidence of the therapeutic effect of ART on the lacrimal gland of diabetic rats by decreasing the expression of NFκB1 and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girju Rajbanshi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Department of Pediatrics Dentistry & Preventive Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Nong
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Dongxiao Nong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Xie D, Wang Q, Huang W, Zhao L. Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors have anti-inflammatory effects in patients with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 79:1291-1301. [PMID: 37493797 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-023-03541-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Systematic low-grade inflammation is considered to be an important factor leading to the development of T2DM and the progression of its complications. Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors show potential anti-inflammatory effects in patients with T2DM. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with T2DM. METHODS A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify randomized controlled trials that assess the anti-inflammatory effects of DPP-4 inhibitors. Quantitative data analysis was conducted by a random-effects model. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to determine the robustness of the pooled results. RESULTS Twenty-two studies with 1595 patients with T2DM were included. Pooled results showed that DPP-4 inhibitor therapy was significantly associated with the reduction of C-reactive protein (CRP) (SMD, - 0.56, p < 0.01), TNF-α (SMD, - 1.69, p < 0.01), IL-6 (SMD, - 0.67, p < 0.01), and IL-1β (WMD, - 8.21 pg/ml, p < 0.01). Leave-one-out meta-analysis showed no significant change in the pooled results of CRP and TNF-α. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis demonstrated that DPP-4 inhibitors can significantly attenuate low-grade inflammatory state in patients with T2DM. In addition to improving glycemic control, DDP-4 inhibitors might offer extra therapeutic value by controlling inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengpiao Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Liangbin Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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Van J, Hahn Y, Silverstein B, Li C, Cai F, Wei J, Katiki L, Mehta P, Livatova K, DelPozzo J, Kobayashi T, Huang Y, Kobayashi S, Liang Q. Metformin Inhibits Autophagy, Mitophagy and Antagonizes Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyocyte Death. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DISCOVERY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 2:37-51. [PMID: 38487671 PMCID: PMC10939033 DOI: 10.53941/ijddp.0201004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The antidiabetic drug metformin has been shown to reduce cardiac injury under various pathological conditions, including anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity, which makes metformin a prime candidate for repurposing. However, the mechanisms that mediate the cardioprotective effects of metformin remain highly controversial. In this study, we tested a prevailing hypothesis that metformin activates autophagy/mitophagy to reduce DOX cardiotoxicity. FVB/N mice and H9C2 cardiac myoblasts were treated with metformin, respectively. Autophagy/mitophagy was determined by Western blot analysis of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3, form-II (LC3-II), a well-established marker of autophagic vesicles. Although metformin had minimal effects on basal LC3-II levels, it significantly inhibited the accumulation of LC3-II levels by the lysosomal protease inhibitors pepstatin A and E64d in both total cell lysates and mitochondrial fractions. Also, dual fluorescent autophagy/mitophagy reporters demonstrated that metformin slowed the degradation rate of autophagic cargos or mitochondrial fragments in the lysosomes. These surprising results suggest that metformin inhibits rather than stimulates autophagy/mitophagy, sharply contrasting the popular belief. In addition, metformin diminished DOX-induced autophagy/mitophagy as well as cardiomyocyte death. Together, these results suggest that the cardioprotective effects of metformin against DOX cardiotoxicity may be mediated by its ability to inhibit autophagy and mitophagy, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Van
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 10001, United States
| | - Younghee Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 10001, United States
| | - Brett Silverstein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 10001, United States
| | - Cairong Li
- Clinical Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 332306, China
| | - Fei Cai
- Clinical Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 332306, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Lokesh Katiki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 10001, United States
| | - Puja Mehta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 10001, United States
| | - Katherine Livatova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 10001, United States
| | - Jaclyn DelPozzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 10001, United States
| | - Tamayo Kobayashi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 10001, United States
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 10001, United States
| | - Satoru Kobayashi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 10001, United States
| | - Qiangrong Liang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 10001, United States
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Arinno A, Maneechote C, Khuanjing T, Prathumsap N, Chunchai T, Arunsak B, Nawara W, Kerdphoo S, Shinlapawittayatorn K, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Melatonin and metformin ameliorated trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity through the modulation of mitochondrial function and dynamics without reducing its anticancer efficacy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166618. [PMID: 36494039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Trastuzumab has an impressive level of efficacy as regards antineoplasticity, however it can cause serious cardiotoxic side effects manifested by impaired cardiac contractile function. Although several pharmacological interventions, including melatonin and metformin, have been reported to protect against various cardiovascular diseases, their potential roles in trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity remain elusive. We hypothesized that either melatonin or metformin co-treatment effectively attenuates trastuzumab-mediated cardiotoxicity through attenuating the impaired mitochondrial function and mitochondrial dynamics. Male Wistar rats were divided into control (normal saline, n = 8) and trastuzumab group (4 mg/kg/day for 7 days, n = 24). Rats in the trastuzumab group were subdivided into 3 interventional groups (n = 8/group), and normal saline, or melatonin (10 mg/kg/day), or metformin (250 mg/kg/day) were orally administered for 7 consecutive days. Cardiac parameters were determined, and biochemical investigations were carried out on blood and heart tissues. Trastuzumab induced left ventricular (LV) dysfunction by increasing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. It also impaired cardiac mitochondrial function, dynamics, and autophagy. Treatment with either melatonin or metformin equally attenuated trastuzumab-induced cardiac injury, indicated by a marked reduction in inflammation, oxidative damage, cardiac mitochondrial injury, mitochondrial dynamic imbalance, autophagy dysregulation, and apoptosis, leading to improved LV function, as demonstrated by increased LV ejection fraction. Melatonin and metformin conferred equal levels of cardioprotection against trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity, which may provide novel and promising approaches for management of cardiotoxicity induced by trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apiwan Arinno
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chayodom Maneechote
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thawatchai Khuanjing
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nanthip Prathumsap
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Busarin Arunsak
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wichwara Nawara
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Krekwit Shinlapawittayatorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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6
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Hendawy AS, El-Lakkany NM, Mantawy EM, Hammam OA, Botros SS, El-Demerdash E. Vildagliptin alleviates liver fibrosis in NASH diabetic rats via modulation of insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cascades. Life Sci 2022; 304:120695. [PMID: 35671811 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Vilda in a NASH model with liver fibrosis and elucidates the underlying molecular mechanisms. MAIN METHODS To induce NASH, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet for 24 weeks with a single dose of STZ (40 mg/kg, IP). Vilda was orally administered at two doses (10 and 20 mg/kg) for 20 weeks. KEY FINDINGS The induction of NASH was validated by abnormalities in hepatotoxicity indices, lipid profile, oxidative stress markers, and pathologically by marked fat deposition in hepatic tissues together with severe inflammatory cell infiltration. Moreover, NASH-affected rats demonstrated reduced insulin sensitivity manifested as elevated fasting blood glucose levels and disrupted homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance. Vilda, at both doses, effectively abrogated all these pathological features of NASH. Mechanistically, these hepatoprotective properties of Vilda can be attributed to its antioxidant effects, anti-inflammatory effects (by inhibiting the TNF-α, NF-κB, JNK, and JAK/STAT pathways), and insulin-sensitizing effect (by upregulating the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt pathway). Besides, Vilda successfully counteracted NASH-associated liver fibrosis by downregulating the TGF-β1 pathway. SIGNIFICANCE The hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effects of Vilda were mostly dose-dependent. Collectively, this study offered a promising therapeutic avenue for Vilda as a novel strategy for counteracting the pathological progression of NASH and associated liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Hendawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, 30, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M El-Lakkany
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, 30, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Eman M Mantawy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Olfat A Hammam
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, 30, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Sanaa S Botros
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, 30, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal El-Demerdash
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
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Maneechote C, Chunchai T, Apaijai N, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Pharmacological Targeting of Mitochondrial Fission and Fusion Alleviates Cognitive Impairment and Brain Pathologies in Pre-diabetic Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3690-3702. [PMID: 35364801 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02813-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been accepted that long-term high-fat diet (HFD) intake is a significant possible cause for prediabetes and cognitive and brain dysfunction through the disruption of brain mitochondrial function and dynamic balance. Although modulation of mitochondrial dynamics by inhibiting fission and promoting fusion has been shown to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with a variety of chronic diseases, the impact of either pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial fission (Mdivi-1) or stimulation of fusion (M1) on brain function in HFD-induced prediabetic models has never been studied. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were separated into 2 groups and fed either a normal diet (ND, n = 8) or HFD (n = 24) for 14 weeks. At week 12, HFD-fed rats were divided into 3 subgroups (n = 8/subgroup) and given an intraperitoneal injection of either saline, Mdivi-1 (1.2 mg/kg/day), or M1 (2 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. Cognitive function and metabolic parameters were determined toward the end of the protocol. The rats then were euthanized, and the brain was immediately removed in order to evaluate brain mitochondrial function and mitochondrial dynamics. HFD-fed rats experienced prediabetes, evidenced by elevated plasma insulin and the HOMA index, impaired mitochondrial function in the brain, altered dynamic regulation, and cognitive impairment were also found. Mdivi-1 and M1 treatment exerted neuroprotection to a similar extent by improving metabolic parameters, balancing mitochondrial dynamics, and reducing mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in a gradual increase in cognitive function. Therefore, pharmacological targeting of mitochondrial fission and fusion protected the brain against chronic HFD-induced prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayodom Maneechote
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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8
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Sexual dimorphism in cardiometabolic and cardiac mitochondrial function in obese rats following sex hormone deprivation. Nutr Diabetes 2022; 12:11. [PMID: 35301277 PMCID: PMC8931139 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-022-00189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aims to test the hypothesis that poorer function of cardiac mitochondria in males, under sex hormone-deprived and obese-insulin-resistant conditions, is responsible for a worse cardiometabolic function than females. METHODS One hundred and forty-four rats were subjected to receive either 12 weeks of normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) consumption following the induction of sex hormone deprivation. Temporal evaluations of metabolic parameters, cardiac autonomic modulation, left ventricular (LV) contractile, and mitochondrial functions were measured after starting each feeding protocol for 4, 8, and 12 weeks. RESULTS After HFD feeding for 8 weeks, increased plasma insulin and HOMA index were initially observed in male HFD-fed sham-operated rats (M-HFS), male HFD-fed orchiectomized rats (M-HFO), female ND-fed ovariectomized rats (F-OVX), female HFD-fed sham-operated rats (F-HFS), and female HFD-fed ovariectomized rats (F-HFO) groups. In addition, as early as week 4, male ND-fed orchiectomized rats (M-ORX) and M-HFO exhibited impaired cardiac autonomic balance, LV contractile and mitochondrial functions, whereas M-HFS and F-HFO developed these impairments at week 8 and F-OVX and F-HFS exhibited them at week 12. CONCLUSION We concluded that sex hormone-deprived females are prone to develop metabolic impairments, whereas males are more likely to have cardiac autonomic impairment, LV contractile and mitochondrial dysfunction even in the absence of obese-insulin-resistant condition. However, under estrogen-deprived condition, these impairments were further accelerated and aggravated by obese-insulin resistance.
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The impact of age, type 2 diabetes and hypertension on heart rate variability during rest and exercise at increasing levels of heat stress. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1249-1259. [PMID: 35239038 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04916-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension (HTN), cardiac autonomic modulation is markedly attenuated during exercise-heat stress. However, the extent to which this impairment is evident under increasing levels of heat stress remains unknown. METHODS We examined heart rate variability (HRV), a surrogate of cardiac autonomic modulation, during incremental exercise-heat stress exposures in young (20-30 years) and middle-aged-to-older individuals (50-70 years) without and with T2D and HTN. Thirteen young and healthy (Young, n = 13) and 37 older men without (Older, n = 14) and with HTN (n = 13) or T2D (n = 10) performed 180-min treadmill walking at a fixed metabolic rate (~ 200 W/m2; ~ 3.5 METs) in a differing wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT; 16 °C, 24 °C, 28 °C, and 32 °C). Electrocardiogram (ECG) and core temperature measurements were recorded throughout. Data were analysed using 5-min averaged epochs following 60-min exercise, which represented the last common timepoint across groups and conditions. RESULTS Ageing did not significantly reduce HRV during increasing exercise-heat stress (all p > 0.050). However, T2D and HTN modified HRV during exercise-heat stress such that Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) α1 (p = 0.012) and the cardiac sympathetic index (p = 0.037) were decreased compared to Older in all except the warmest WBGT condition (32 °C). CONCLUSION Our unique observations indicate that, relative to their younger counterparts, HRV in healthy older individuals is not perturbed during exercise heat-stress. However, relative to their age-matched healthy counterparts, HRV is reduced during exercise-heat stress in individuals with age-associated chronic conditions, indicative of cardiac autonomic dysfunction.
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Inhibition of myeloid differentiation factor 2 attenuates cardiometabolic impairments via reducing cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, apoptosis and ferroptosis in prediabetic rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1868:166301. [PMID: 34748903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is a key mediator of left ventricular dysfunction (LV) in prediabetes via the activation of myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2)/toll-like receptor 4 complex. The MD2 inhibitor L6H21 effectively reduced systemic and cardiac inflammation in obese mice. However, its effects on cardiac function and regulated cell death pathways in the heart in prediabetes are still unknown. The prediabetic rats were divided into 3 subgroups to receive vehicle, L6H21 (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) or metformin (300 mg/kg) for 1, 2 and 4 weeks. Then, metabolic parameters, cardiac sympathovagal balance, LV function, cardiac mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis were determined. All prediabetic rats exhibited cardiac sympathovagal imbalance, LV dysfunction, and cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. All doses of L6H21 treatment for 2- and 4-weeks attenuated insulin resistance. L6H21 at 40 mg/kg attenuated cardiac autonomic imbalance and LV dysfunction after 1 week of treatment. Both 10 and 20 mg/kg of L6H21 required longer treatment duration to show these benefits. Mechanistically, all doses of L6H21 reduced cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction after 1 week of treatment, resulting in alleviated oxidative stress and inflammation. L6H21 also effectively suppressed cardiac apoptosis and ferroptosis, but it did not affect necroptosis in prediabetic rats. L6H21 provided the cardioprotective efficacy in dose- and time-dependent manners in prediabetic rats via reduction in apoptosis and ferroptosis.
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11
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Suppamaeteekulwat B, Apaijai N, Aschaitrakool Y, Chamusri N, Jaiwongkam T, Kerdphoo S, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. The differences in mitochondrial function, mitochondrial dynamics, and cell death between odontogenic cysts/tumors and normal dental follicles. Mitochondrion 2021; 59:175-183. [PMID: 34091078 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to compare mitochondrial function, mitochondrial dynamics, apoptosis, and necroptosis between odontogenic cysts/tumors, including radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts, ameloblastoma, vs. dental follicles as control. We demonstrated that mitochondrial dysregulation and imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics were observed in ameloblastoma. Apoptosis was increased in dentigerous cysts, and ameloblastoma, while necroptosis was suppressed in ameloblastoma. Necroptosis in radicular cysts was higher than that of control, suggesting that the inflammation-associated cell death occurred in radicular cysts. Our findings suggest ameloblastoma exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased mitochondrial fusion, and potential apoptosis. Therefore, alleviating mitochondrial dysregulation and apoptosis may be novel-targeted therapy for odontogenic cysts and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bussara Suppamaeteekulwat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Yuthakran Aschaitrakool
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nutchapon Chamusri
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thidarat Jaiwongkam
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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12
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Bo-Htay C, Shwe T, Jaiwongkam T, Kerdphoo S, Pratchayasakul W, Pattarasakulchai T, Shinlapawittayatorn K, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy effectively alleviates D-galactose-induced-age-related cardiac dysfunction via attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction in pre-diabetic rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:10955-10972. [PMID: 33861726 PMCID: PMC8109141 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the prevalence of obesity in aging populations is fast growing worldwide. Aging induced by D-galactose (D-gal) is proven to cause the worsening of cardiac dysfunction in pre-diabetic rats via deteriorating cardiac mitochondrial function. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been shown to attenuate D-gal-induced cognitive deterioration through decreased inflammation and apoptosis. We tested the hypothesis that HBOT alleviates D-gal induced cardiac dysfunction via improving mitochondrial function in pre-diabetic rats. Wistar rats (n=56) were fed normal diet or high-fat diet for 12 weeks. For subsequent 8 weeks, they were subcutaneously injected either vehicle (0.9% normal saline) or D-gal (150mg/kg/day). Rats were randomly subdivided into 7 groups at week 21: sham-treated (normal diet fed rats with vehicle (NDV), high-fat diet fed rats with vehicle (HFV), normal diet fed rats with D-gal (NDDg), high-fat diet fed rats with D-gal (HFDg)) and HBOT-treated (HFV, NDDg, HFDg). Sham rats received ambient pressure of oxygen while HBOT-treated ones received 100% oxygen given once daily for 60 minutes at 2 atmosphere absolute. HBOT reduced metabolic impairments, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased autophagy, resulting in an improvement of cardiac function in aged pre-diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry Bo-Htay
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thazin Shwe
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thidarat Jaiwongkam
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thienchai Pattarasakulchai
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Krekwit Shinlapawittayatorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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13
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Hammoud SH, AlZaim I, Mougharbil N, Koubar S, Eid AH, Eid AA, El-Yazbi AF. Peri-renal adipose inflammation contributes to renal dysfunction in a non-obese prediabetic rat model: Role of anti-diabetic drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114491. [PMID: 33647265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a major health challenge with considerable economic burden and significant impact on patients' quality of life. Despite recent advances in diabetic patient care, current clinical practice guidelines fall short of halting the progression of diabetic nephropathy to end-stage renal disease. Moreover, prior literature reported manifestations of renal dysfunction in early stages of metabolic impairment prior to the development of hyperglycemia indicating the involvement of alternative pathological mechanisms apart from those typically triggered by high blood glucose. Here, we extend our prior research work implicating localized inflammation in specific adipose depots in initiating cardiovascular dysfunction in early stages of metabolic impairment. Non-obese prediabetic rats showed elevated glomerular filtration rates and mild proteinuria in absence of hyperglycemia, hypertension, and signs of systemic inflammation. Isolated perfused kidneys from these rats showed impaired renovascular endothelial feedback in response to vasopressors and increased flow. While endothelium dependent dilation remained functional, renovascular relaxation in prediabetic rats was not mediated by nitric oxide and prostaglandins as in control tissues, but rather an upregulation of the function of epoxy eicosatrienoic acids was observed. This was coupled with signs of peri-renal adipose tissue (PRAT) inflammation and renal structural damage. A two-week treatment with non-hypoglycemic doses of metformin or pioglitazone, shown previously to ameliorate adipose inflammation, not only reversed PRAT inflammation in prediabetic rats, but also reversed the observed functional, renovascular, and structural renal abnormalities. The present results suggest that peri-renal adipose inflammation triggers renal dysfunction early in the course of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa H Hammoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nahed Mougharbil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Koubar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, Alalamein International University, Alalamein, Egypt.
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14
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Li X, Meng C, Han F, Yang J, Wang J, Zhu Y, Cui X, Zuo M, Xu J, Chang B. Vildagliptin Attenuates Myocardial Dysfunction and Restores Autophagy via miR-21/SPRY1/ERK in Diabetic Mice Heart. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:634365. [PMID: 33815116 PMCID: PMC8013777 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.634365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Vildagliptin (vild) improves diastolic dysfunction and is associated with a lower relative risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in younger patients. The present study aimed to evaluate whether vild prevents the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy in type 2 diabetic mice and identify its underlying mechanisms. Methods: Type 2 diabetic mouse model was generated using wild-type (WT) (C57BL/6J) and miR-21 knockout mice by treatment with HFD/STZ. Cardiomyocyte-specific miR-21 overexpression was achieved using adeno-associated virus 9. Echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function in mice. Morphology, autophagy, and proteins levels in related pathway were analyzed. qRT-PCR was used to detect miR-21. Rat cardiac myoblast cell line (H9c2) cells were transfected with miR-21 mimics and inhibitor to explore the related mechanisms of miR-21 in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Results: Vild restored autophagy and alleviated fibrosis, thereby enhancing cardiac function in DM mice. In addition, miR-21 levels were increased under high glucose conditions. miR-21 knockout DM mice with miR-21 knockout had reduced cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction compared to WT DM mice. Overexpression of miR-21 aggravated fibrosis, reduced autophagy, and attenuated the protective effect of vild on cardiac function. In high-glucose-treated H9c2 cells, the downstream effectors of sprouty homolog 1 (SPRY1) including extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and mammalian target of rapamycin showed significant changes following transfection with miR-21 mimics or inhibitor. Conclusion: The results of our study indicate that vild prevents DCM by restoring autophagy through the miR-21/SPRY1/ERK/mTOR pathway. Therefore, miR-21 is a target in the development of DCM, and vild demonstrates significant potential for clinical application in prevention of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Meng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juhong Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjuan Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Minxia Zuo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Baocheng Chang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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15
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Amput P, Palee S, Arunsak B, Pratchayasakul W, Kerdphoo S, Jaiwongkam T, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. PCSK9 inhibitor effectively attenuates cardiometabolic impairment in obese-insulin resistant rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173347. [PMID: 32650007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Long-term high-fat diet consumption causes obese-insulin resistance and cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to impaired left ventricular (LV) function. Atorvastatin effectively improved lipid profiles in obese patients. However, inadequate reduction in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level was found. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor effectively reduced LDL-C levels. We hypothesized that this PCSK9 inhibitor has a greater efficacy in attenuating cardiometabolic impairments than atorvastatin in obese-insulin resistant rats. Female rats were fed with either a high fat or normal diet for 12 weeks. High fat diet fed rats (HFD) were then divided into 3 groups and were given vehicle, atorvastatin (40 mg/kg/day; s.c.), or PCSK9 inhibitor (4 mg/kg/day; s.c.) for additional 3 weeks. The metabolic parameters, cardiac and mitochondrial function and [Ca2+]i transients were determined. HFD rats developed obese-insulin resistance as indicated by increased plasma insulin and HOMA index. Although high-fat diet fed rats treated with vehicle (HFV) rats had markedly impaired LV function as indicated by reduced %LVFS, impaired cardiac mitochondrial function, and [Ca2+]i transient regulation, these impairments were attenuated in high-fat diet fed rats treated with atorvastatin (HFA) and high-fat diet fed rats treated with PCSK9 inhibitor (HFP) rats. However, these improvements were greater in HFP rats than HFA rats. Our findings indicated that the PCSK9 inhibitor exerted greater cardioprotection than atorvastatin through improved mitochondrial function in obese-insulin resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patchareeya Amput
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Science, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Siripong Palee
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Busarin Arunsak
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Thidarat Jaiwongkam
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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16
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Palee S, Jaiwongkam T, Kerdphoo S, Pratchayasakul W, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Exercise with calorie restriction improves cardiac function via attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction in ovariectomized prediabetic rats. Exp Gerontol 2020; 135:110940. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Meng Y, Xiang R, Yan H, Zhou Y, Hu Y, Yang J, Zhou Y, Cui Q. Transcriptomic landscape profiling of metformin-treated healthy mice: Implication for potential hypertension risk when prophylactically used. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8138-8150. [PMID: 32529766 PMCID: PMC7348147 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the first-line anti-diabetic drug metformin shows versatile protective effects against several diseases and is potentially prescribed to healthy individual for prophylactic use against ageing or other pathophysiological processes. However, for healthy individuals, it remains unclear what effects metformin treatment will induce on their bodies. A systematic profiling of the molecular landscape of metformin treatment is expected to provide crucial implications for this issue. Here, we delineated the first transcriptomic landscape induced by metformin in 10 tissues (aorta, brown adipose, brain, eye, heart, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, stomach and testis) of healthy mice by using RNA-sequencing technique. A comprehensive computational analysis was performed. The overrepresentation of cardiovascular disease-related gene sets, positive correlation with hypertension-related transcriptomic signatures and the associations of drugs with hypertensive side effect together indicate that although metformin does exert various beneficial effects, it would also increase the risk of hypertension in healthy mice. This prediction was experimentally validated by an independent animal experiments. Together, this study provided important resource necessary for investigating metformin's beneficial/deleterious effects on various healthy tissues, when it is potentially prescribed to healthy individual for prophylactic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Meng
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyDepartment of Biomedical InformaticsCenter for Non‐coding RNA MedicineMOE Key Lab of Cardiovascular SciencesSchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Rui Xiang
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyDepartment of Biomedical InformaticsCenter for Non‐coding RNA MedicineMOE Key Lab of Cardiovascular SciencesSchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Han Yan
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyDepartment of Biomedical InformaticsCenter for Non‐coding RNA MedicineMOE Key Lab of Cardiovascular SciencesSchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yiran Zhou
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyDepartment of Biomedical InformaticsCenter for Non‐coding RNA MedicineMOE Key Lab of Cardiovascular SciencesSchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuntao Hu
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyDepartment of Biomedical InformaticsCenter for Non‐coding RNA MedicineMOE Key Lab of Cardiovascular SciencesSchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jichun Yang
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyDepartment of Biomedical InformaticsCenter for Non‐coding RNA MedicineMOE Key Lab of Cardiovascular SciencesSchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyDepartment of Biomedical InformaticsCenter for Non‐coding RNA MedicineMOE Key Lab of Cardiovascular SciencesSchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologyDepartment of Biomedical InformaticsCenter for Non‐coding RNA MedicineMOE Key Lab of Cardiovascular SciencesSchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
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18
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Mitochondrial dynamic modulation exerts cardiometabolic protection in obese insulin-resistant rats. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 133:2431-2447. [PMID: 31808509 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Obese insulin resistance impairs cardiac mitochondrial dynamics by increasing mitochondrial fission and decreasing mitochondrial fusion, leading to mitochondrial damage, myocardial cell death and cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, inhibiting fission and promoting fusion could provide cardioprotection in this pre-diabetic condition. We investigated the combined effects of the mitochondrial fission inhibitor (Mdivi1) and fusion promoter (M1) on cardiac function in obese insulin-resistant rats. We hypothesized that Mdivi1 and M1 protect heart against obese insulin-resistant condition, but also there will be greater improvement using Mdivi1 and M1 as a combined treatment. Wistar rats (n=56, male) were randomly assigned to a high-fat diet (HFD) and normal diet (ND) fed groups. After feeding with either ND or HFD for 12 weeks, rats in each dietary group were divided into groups to receive either the vehicle, Mdivi1 (1.2 mg/kg, i.p.), M1 (2 mg/kg, i.p.) or combined treatment for 14 days. The cardiac function, cardiac mitochondrial function, metabolic and biochemical parameters were monitored before and after the treatment. HFD rats developed obese insulin resistance which led to impaired dynamics balance and function of mitochondria, increased cardiac cell apoptosis and dysfunction. Although Mdivi1, M1 and combined treatment exerted similar cardiometabolic benefits in HFD rats, the combined therapy showed a greater reduction in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial fission inhibitor and fusion promoter exerted similar levels of cardioprotection in a pre-diabetic condition.
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19
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Abdel-Hamid AAM, Firgany AEDL. Impact of vildagliptin on vascular and fibrotic remodeling of myocardium in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151499. [PMID: 31889531 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.151499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) on myocardium in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains a matter of debate. In the current study we investigated the effect of vildagliptin (VILDA, 3 mg/kg/d) on myocardium of DCM focusing on coronary microcirculation as well as on endothelial stress markers (ICAM and VCAM). We divided animals equally into 4 groups; nondiabetic (ND), VILDA per se, DCM and DCM + VILDA and their myocardium was evaluated for the fibro-vascular remodeling immunohistochemically as well as for molecular changes. VILDA had reversed the histological changes occurred in DCM including the disintegration, degeneration, and steatosis of cardiomyocytes with disappearance of the edema fluid. In addition VILDA significantly increased (p < 0.05) density of the coronary microcirculation and relieved endothelial stress. However, it did not prevent the development of fibrotic remodeling including the increased collagen deposition and the significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) corresponding genes. Therefore VILDA may have a positive impact on the microvascular remodeling, but not on fibrotic changes, in DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A M Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt; Department of Anatomy, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah University, Almadina Almonawara, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alaa El-Din L Firgany
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Unit of Anatomy, Unaizah College of Medicine, Qassim University, AlQassim, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Elkhatib MAW, Mroueh A, Rafeh RW, Sleiman F, Fouad H, Saad EI, Fouda MA, Elgaddar O, Issa K, Eid AH, Eid AA, Abd-Elrahman KS, El-Yazbi AF. Amelioration of perivascular adipose inflammation reverses vascular dysfunction in a model of nonobese prediabetic metabolic challenge: potential role of antidiabetic drugs. Transl Res 2019; 214:121-143. [PMID: 31408626 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The onset of vascular impairment precedes that of diagnostic hyperglycemia in diabetic patients suggesting a vascular insult early in the course of metabolic dysfunction without a well-defined mechanism. Mounting evidence implicates adipose inflammation in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and diabetes. It is not certain whether amelioration of adipose inflammation is sufficient to preclude vascular dysfunction in early stages of metabolic disease. Recent findings suggest that antidiabetic drugs, metformin, and pioglitazone, improve vascular function in prediabetic patients, without an indication if this protective effect is mediated by reduction of adipose inflammation. Here, we used a prediabetic rat model with delayed development of hyperglycemia to study the effect of metformin or pioglitazone on adipose inflammation and vascular function. At the end of the metabolic challenge, these rats were neither obese, hypertensive, nor hyperglycemic. However, they showed increased pressor responses to phenylephrine and augmented aortic and mesenteric contraction. Vascular tissues from prediabetic rats showed increased Rho-associated kinase activity causing enhanced calcium sensitization. An elevated level of reactive oxygen species was seen in aortic tissues together with increased Transforming growth factor β1 and Interleukin-1β expression. Although, no signs of systemic inflammation were detected, perivascular adipose inflammation was observed. Adipocyte hypertrophy, increased macrophage infiltration, and elevated Transforming growth factor β1 and Interleukin-1β mRNA levels were seen. Two-week treatment with metformin or pioglitazone or switching to normal chow ameliorated adipose inflammation and vascular dysfunction. Localized perivascular adipose inflammation is sufficient to trigger vascular dysfunction early in the course of diabetes. Interfering with this inflammatory process reverses this early abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A W Elkhatib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ali Mroueh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rim W Rafeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fatima Sleiman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hosny Fouad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Evan I Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Fouda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ola Elgaddar
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Khodr Issa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Khaled S Abd-Elrahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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21
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Bo-Htay C, Shwe T, Higgins L, Palee S, Shinlapawittayatorn K, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Aging induced by D-galactose aggravates cardiac dysfunction via exacerbating mitochondrial dysfunction in obese insulin-resistant rats. GeroScience 2019; 42:233-249. [PMID: 31768765 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and an aging population are increasing worldwide. Both obesity and aging are independently known to be associated with cardiac dysfunction. However, in obese insulin-resistant subjects, the effects of aging on metabolic status and cardiac and mitochondrial functions are not completely understood. We hypothesized that in the obese insulin-resistant condition, aging induced by D-galactose increases cardiac senescence markers and aggravates the impairment of metabolic parameters, cardiac and mitochondrial function, and increases oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Sixty-four male Wistar rats were fed with either normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Then, rats were divided into vehicle groups (0.9% NSS, subcutaneous injection (SC)) or D-galactose groups (150 mg/kg/day, SC). After 0.9%NSS or D-galactose treatment for 4 weeks and 8 weeks, metabolic and cardiac functions were determined. The heart was then removed to determine mitochondrial functions and enable biochemical studies. After 4 weeks of D-galactose injection, ND rats treated with D-galactose (NDD4), HFD rats treated with vehicle (HFV4), and HFD rats treated with D-galactose (HFD4) had reduced cardiac function, impaired cardiac mitochondrial function and autophagy, and increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Interestingly, after 8 weeks, HFD rats treated with D-galactose (HFD8) had the worst impairment of cardiac and mitochondrial function, autophagy, and apoptosis in comparison to the other groups. Aging induced by D-galactose aggravated cardiac dysfunction in obese insulin-resistant rats through the worsening of cardiac mitochondrial function, autophagy, and increased apoptosis in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry Bo-Htay
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Thazin Shwe
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Louis Higgins
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siripong Palee
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Krekwit Shinlapawittayatorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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22
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Palee S, Minta W, Mantor D, Sutham W, Jaiwongkam T, Kerdphoo S, Pratchayasakul W, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Combination of exercise and calorie restriction exerts greater efficacy on cardioprotection than monotherapy in obese-insulin resistant rats through the improvement of cardiac calcium regulation. Metabolism 2019; 94:77-87. [PMID: 30796936 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term high-fat diet (HFD) consumption causes obese-insulin resistance which is known to be a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases due to its impact on the impairment of left ventricular (LV) contractile function and cardiac mitochondrial function. Intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i regulation plays an important role in the maintenance of LV function. Although either caloric restriction (CR) or exercise (Ex) are shown to strongly affect metabolic status and LV function, the combined effects of exercise and calorie restriction on cardiometabolic status, cardiac mitochondrial dynamics and cardiac [Ca2+]i transient homeostasis under conditions of obese-insulin resistance have never been investigated. METHODS Female rats were fed with either a high-fat diet (HFD: fat, 59.28%; protein, 26.45%; carbohydrate, 14.27%) or a normal diet (fat, 19.77%; protein, 28.24%; carbohydrate, 51.99%) for 13 weeks. HFD rats were then divided into 4 groups: 1) Vehicle (HFD + Veh); 2) Calorie restriction (HFD + CR); 3) Exercise (HFD + Ex) and 4) Combined therapy (HFD + CR + Ex). After 6-week intervention, the metabolic status, heart rate variability (HRV), LV function, cardiac mitochondrial dynamics, and [Ca2+]i transients were determined. RESULTS Insulin resistance developed in HFD rats as indicated by increased plasma insulin and HOMA index. Although HFD + Veh rats had markedly impaired LV function, indicated by reduced %LVFS and impaired cardiac mitochondrial dynamics and [Ca2+]i transients, these impairments were attenuated in the HFD + CR, HFD + Ex and HFD + CR + Ex rats. However, the greatest improvement in cardiometabolic function was observed in HFD + CR + Ex rats. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that a combination of calorie restriction and exercise exerted greater cardioprotection than a monotherapy through the improvement of cardiometabolic status, cardiac mitochondrial dynamics and cardiac [Ca2+]i homeostasis in obese-insulin resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siripong Palee
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wanitchaya Minta
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Duangkamol Mantor
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wissuta Sutham
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thidarat Jaiwongkam
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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23
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O'Neil A, Taylor CB, Hare DL, Thomas E, Toukhsati SR, Oldroyd J, Scovelle AJ, Oldenburg B. The relationship between phobic anxiety and 2-year readmission after Acute Coronary Syndrome: What is the role of heart rate variability? J Affect Disord 2019; 247:73-80. [PMID: 30654268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Phobic anxiety is a risk factor for poor prognosis following Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). A psychophysiological marker of vagal function, autonomic dysfunction may play a critical role in this relationship. The aim of the study was two-fold: to assess whether phobic anxiety was characterised by autonomic dysfunction (heart rate variability) in the short (1-month) and longer term (12-months) following ACS, and (ii) to quantify the extent to which HRV parameters modified the effect of phobic anxiety on all-cause hospital readmission over 2 years. METHODS The ADVENT study followed 416 ACS patients. At 1-month following discharge (T0), phobic anxiety and autonomic functioning were assessed using the Crown Crisp Index (CCI) and 11 indices of heart rate variability (HRV), respectively. HRV was measured again at 12-months (T1) (n = 359). Hospital readmission (all cause) was derived from an audit of hospital records by two medically trained research fellows. Generalised linear modelling (GLM) was used to first determine the association between CCI score at T0 and HRV parameters at T0 and T1. Binary logistic regression was used to measure the relationship between CCI scores and readmission (yes/no) and the extent to which HRV parameters modified this effect. RESULTS CCI scores were associated with 7 of the 11 indices of HRV: Average RR (ms), SDRR (ms), RMSSD (ms), SDSD (ms), pRR50 (%), LF Powers (ms2) and HF Powers (ms2) at T0 but not T1. CCI scores at T0 significantly predicted likelihood of readmission to hospital in the subsequent 2 year period. No parameter of HRV at T0 modified this effect. LIMITATIONS We were unable to provide adjudicated major adverse coronary events outcome data, or account for changes in medication adherence, diet or physical activity. CONCLUSIONS While phobic anxiety is associated with both reduced vagal function in the short term after an ACS event and 2 year all cause readmission, HRV does not appear to be the pathway by which phobic anxiety drives this outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne O'Neil
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 4, 207, Bouverie St., Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - C Barr Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford and Palo Alto Universities, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - David L Hare
- School of Medicine, University of Melbourne Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Emma Thomas
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 4, 207, Bouverie St., Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samia R Toukhsati
- School of Medicine, University of Melbourne Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia; Federation University Australia, School of Health and Life Sciences, Berwick, VIC Australia
| | - John Oldroyd
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna J Scovelle
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 4, 207, Bouverie St., Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brian Oldenburg
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 4, 207, Bouverie St., Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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24
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El-Naggar AR, Zaafar D, Elyamany M, Hassanin S, Bassyouni A, Abdel-Latif H. The Role of Vildagliptin in Treating Hypertension Through Modulating Serum VEGF in Diabetic Hypertensive Patients. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2019; 24:254-261. [PMID: 30630371 DOI: 10.1177/1074248418817345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several trials have reported that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are used to improve endothelial function in addition to treating type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The current study investigated the effects of vildagliptin, DPP-4 inhibitor, compared to metformin on endothelial function and blood pressure through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) modulation in patients with T2DM and hypertension. METHODS This study was designed as a randomized controlled parallel study. A total of 120 volunteers were recruited and allocated into 4 groups: healthy volunteers, patients recently diagnosed with hypertension and diabetes, patients treated with captopril for hypertension in addition to metformin, and patients treated with captopril in addition to vildagliptin. The percentage change in body weight was calculated in addition to serum VEGF levels, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total lipid profile, and insulin resistance. RESULTS At the end of the therapeutic period, the results showed that vildagliptin significantly decreased blood pressure and increased serum VEGF levels, while metformin was more effective at lowering body weight. In comparison with metformin, vildagliptin showed a promising action through its antihypertensive effect via elevating VEGF levels and improving physiological angiogenesis and vasculature. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Vildagliptin showed a promising action through its blood pressure-regulating effect via modulating VEGF levels and improving physiological angiogenesis and vasculature, in addition to improving the lipid profile of patients, while metformin was better in reducing body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Rahman El-Naggar
- 1 Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia Zaafar
- 2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, MTI University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Elyamany
- 3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soha Hassanin
- 4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of pharmacy, MTI University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Atef Bassyouni
- 5 National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Cairo, Egypt
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25
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Arinno A, Apaijai N, Kaewtep P, Pratchayasakul W, Jaiwongkam T, Kerdphoo S, Chattipakorn S, Chattipakorn N. Combined low-dose testosterone and vildagliptin confers cardioprotection in castrated obese rats. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:JOE-18-0673. [PMID: 30620714 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Although a physiological dose of testosterone replacement therapy (p-TRT) has been shown to improve left ventricular (LV) function, some studies reported that it increased the risk of myocardial infarction in testosterone-deprived men. We previously reported that vildagliptin might be used as an alternative to the p-TRT. In this study, we hypothesized that a combined low-dose TRT with vildagliptin exerts greater efficacy than single regimen in improving cardiometabolic function in obese-insulin resistant rats with testosterone deprivation. Male rats were fed on a normal diet or high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Then, they were divided into 2 subgroups; sham operation and orchiectomy (NDO, HFO) and fed their diets for another 12 weeks. At week 25, orchiectomized rats were subdivided into 4 groups, vehicle, p-TRT, vildagliptin, and combined drugs. At week 29, cardiometabolic and biochemical parameters were determined. HFO rats had obese-insulin resistance with a worse LV dysfunction, compared with sham. Vildagliptin and combined drugs effectively reduced insulin resistance. All treatments reduced blood pressure, cardiac autonomic imbalance, LV dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and increased mitochondrial fusion in NDO and HFO rats. However, p-TRT and combined drugs, but not vildagliptin, reduced mitochondrial fission in NDO and HFO rats. We concluded that combined low-dose TRT with vildagliptin mitigated LV function at a similar level to the p-TRT alone and vildagliptin via improving mitochondrial fusion, reducing mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in testosterone-deprived rats. Our findings suggest that low-dose TRT combined with vildagliptin may be an alternative for p-TRT in conditions of obese-insulin resistance with testosterone deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apiwan Arinno
- A Arinno, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai university, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- N Apaijai, Neurophysiology unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai university, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Puntarik Kaewtep
- P Kaewtep, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai university, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- W Pratchayasakul, Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thidarat Jaiwongkam
- T Jaiwongkam, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai university, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- S Kerdphoo, Neurophysiology unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai university, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Chattipakorn
- S Chattipakorn, Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- N Chattipakorn, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai university, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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26
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Apaijai N, Arinno A, Palee S, Pratchayasakul W, Kerdphoo S, Jaiwongkam T, Chunchai T, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. High‐Saturated Fat High‐Sugar Diet Accelerates Left‐Ventricular Dysfunction Faster than High‐Saturated Fat Diet Alone via Increasing Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Obese‐Insulin Resistant Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 63:e1800729. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Apiwan Arinno
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Siripong Palee
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Thidarat Jaiwongkam
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic SciencesFaculty of DentistryChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
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27
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Favorable outcomes of metformin on coronary microvasculature in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Mol Histol 2018; 49:639-649. [PMID: 30317407 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although metformin is widely prescribed in diabetes, its use with associated cardiac dysfunction remains debatable. In the current study, we investigated the effect of metformin on coronary microvasculature in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) induced by streptozotocin. Administration of metformin after induction of DCM, reversed almost all cardiomyocyte degenerative changes induced by DCM. Metformin diminished the significantly increased (p < 0.05) collagen deposited in the DCM. In addition metformin had improved the density of the significantly decreased arteriolar (αSMA+) and capillary (CD31+) coronary microvasculature compared to that of the DCM and non-diabetics (ND) with downregulation of the significantly increased expression (p < 0.05) of COL-I, III, TGF-β, CTGF, ICAM and VCAM genes. Therefore metformin may be beneficial in limiting the fibrotic and the vascular remodeling occurring in DCM at the genetic as well as the structural levels.
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28
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Chattipakorn N. Finding serendipity. Exp Physiol 2018; 102:1044-1045. [PMID: 28856807 DOI: 10.1113/ep086459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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A Possible Mechanism: Vildagliptin Prevents Aortic Dysfunction through Paraoxonase and Angiopoietin-Like 3. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3109251. [PMID: 29951533 PMCID: PMC5989281 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3109251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The collected data have revealed the beneficial effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on the vascular endothelium, including vildagliptin. However, the involved mechanisms are not yet clear. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: control, diabetic, diabetic + low-dose vildagliptin (10 mg/kg/d), and diabetic + high-dose vildagliptin (20 mg/kg/d). The diabetic model was created by feeding a high-fat diet for four weeks and injection of streptozotocin. Then, vildagliptin groups were given oral vildagliptin for twelve weeks, and the control and diabetic groups were given the same volume of saline. The metabolic parameters, endothelial function, and whole genome expression in the aorta were examined. After 12 weeks of treatment, vildagliptin groups showed significantly reduced blood glucose, blood total cholesterol, and attenuated endothelial dysfunction. Notably, vildagliptin may inhibit angiopoietin-like 3 (Angptl3) and betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (Bhmt) expression and activated paraoxonase-1 (Pon1) in the aorta of diabetic rats. These findings may demonstrate the vasoprotective pathway of vildagliptin in vivo.
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Biochemical and Ultrastructural Cardiac Changes Induced by High-Fat Diet in Female and Male Prepubertal Rabbits. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2018; 2018:6430696. [PMID: 29850391 PMCID: PMC5904822 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6430696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Early weight gain induced by high-fat diet has been identified as a predictor for cardiac disease, one of the most serious public health problems. Our goal is to study the influence of a HFD on biochemical, oxidant stress parameters, and the cardiac ultrastructure in both male and female prepubertal models. Experiments were carried on 24 prepubertal New Zealand white rabbits, randomly assigned to male and female control (MC and FC, resp.) or HFD (MHFD and FHFD, resp.) groups (n = 6) for 3 months. Body and heart weights and some biochemical and oxidative stress parameters such as lipids, calcium, CKMB, MDA, uric acid, ascorbic acid, and AOA are evaluated in plasma and the left ventricle. Under HFD effect, plasma parameters, such as lipids (TL, PL, and LDL-C), MDA, and CK-MB, increase more significantly in male than in female groups, when AA decreases. Some cardiac parameters such as TG and UA increase, when AA and AOA decrease; these variations are more significant in FHFD. In both male and female rabbits, HFD caused changes in heart ultrastructure, junctional complexes, mitochondria size and form, and so on. Early HFD feeding induced overweight, oxidative stress, and metabolic alterations in plasma and the heart of prepubertal rabbits, whereas lipotoxicity has especially a negative impact on male plasma but affects more the female heart ultrastructure.
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Tomovic K, Lazarevic J, Kocic G, Deljanin-Ilic M, Anderluh M, Smelcerovic A. Mechanisms and pathways of anti-inflammatory activity of DPP-4 inhibitors in cardiovascular and renal protection. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:404-422. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Tomovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine; University of Nis; Bulevar Dr Zorana Djindjica 81 18000 Nis Serbia
| | - Jelena Lazarevic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine; University of Nis; Bulevar Dr Zorana Djindjica 81 18000 Nis Serbia
| | - Gordana Kocic
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; University of Nis; Bulevar Dr Zorana Djindjica 81 18000 Nis Serbia
| | - Marina Deljanin-Ilic
- Institute for Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine; University of Nis; 18205 Niska Banja Serbia
| | - Marko Anderluh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Ljubljana; Askerceva 7 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Andrija Smelcerovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine; University of Nis; Bulevar Dr Zorana Djindjica 81 18000 Nis Serbia
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Tanajak P, Sa-Nguanmoo P, Apaijai N, Wang X, Liang G, Li X, Jiang C, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Comparisons of cardioprotective efficacy between fibroblast growth factor 21 and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in prediabetic rats. Cardiovasc Ther 2018; 35. [PMID: 28391633 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Comparative efficacy between fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and vildagliptin on metabolic regulation, cardiac mitochondrial function, heart rate variability (HRV), and left ventricular (LV) function is not known. We hypothesized that FGF21 and vildagliptin share a similar efficacy in improving these parameters in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese-insulin resistant rats. METHODS Twenty-four male Wistar rats were fed with either a normal diet (ND) or a HFD for 12 weeks. Then, ND rats were received vehicle (NDV). Rats in the HFD group were divided into three subgroups to receive either vehicle (HFV), recombinant human FGF21 (rhFGF21, 0.1 mg/kg/d, ip; HFF), or vildagliptin (3 mg/kg/d, PO; HFVil) for 28 days. RESULTS HFV rats developed obese-insulin resistance, increased serum tumor necrosis factors alpha (TNF-α) level, impaired heart rate variability (HRV) together with cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, and LV dysfunction. Cardiac apoptosis was markedly increased in HFV rats indicated by decreased B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) with increased Bcl2-associated X-protein (Bax) and cleaved caspase 3 expression. Cardiac FGF21 signaling pathways were markedly decreased in HFV rats indicated by decreased phosphor-fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 (p-FGFR1), phosphor-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 (p-ERK1/2), proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) expression. Although both FGF21 and vildagliptin similarly attenuated these impairments, only HFF rats had decreased body weight, visceral fat, and serum TNF-α levels. CONCLUSIONS FGF21 exerts better metabolic regulation and inflammation reduction than vildagliptin. However, FGF21 and vildagliptin shared a similar efficacy for cardioprotection by improving HRV and LV function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongpan Tanajak
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Piangkwan Sa-Nguanmoo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Tanajak P, Pongkan W, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Increased plasma FGF21 level as an early biomarker for insulin resistance and metabolic disturbance in obese insulin-resistant rats. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2018; 15:263-269. [PMID: 29424246 DOI: 10.1177/1479164118757152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Propose: To investigate the temporal relationship between plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 levels, insulin resistance, metabolic dysfunction and cardiac fibroblast growth factor 21 resistance in long-term high-fat diet-induced obese rats. METHODS In total, 36 male Wistar rats were fed with either a normal diet or high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Blood was collected from the tail tip, and plasma was used to determine metabolic profiles and fibroblast growth factor 21 levels. Rats were sacrificed at weeks 4, 8 and 12, and the hearts were rapidly removed for the determination of cardiac fibroblast growth factor 21 signalling pathways. RESULTS Body weight and plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 levels were increased after 4 weeks of consumption of a high-fat diet. At weeks 8 and 12, high-fat diet rats had significantly increased body weight and plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 levels, together with increased plasma insulin, HOMA index, area under the curve of glucose, plasma total cholesterol, plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum malondialdehyde and cardiac malondialdehyde levels. However, plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and cardiac fibroblast growth factor 21 signalling proteins (p-FGFR1 Tyr154, p-ERK1/2 Thr202/Tyr204 and p-Akt Ser473) were decreased, compared with normal diet rats. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 levels could be an early predictive biomarker prior to the development of insulin resistance, metabolic disturbance and cardiac fibroblast growth factor 21 resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongpan Tanajak
- 1 Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- 2 Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- 3 Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wanpitak Pongkan
- 1 Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- 4 Division of Veterinary Pre-clinic, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- 1 Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- 3 Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- 5 Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- 1 Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- 2 Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- 3 Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Wulsin L, Herman J, Thayer JF. Stress, autonomic imbalance, and the prediction of metabolic risk: A model and a proposal for research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 86:12-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhang Q, Xiao X, Zheng J, Li M, Yu M, Ping F, Wang T, Wang X. Liraglutide protects cardiac function in diabetic rats through the PPARα pathway. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180059. [PMID: 29440457 PMCID: PMC5857913 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that diabetes causes cardiac dysfunction. We hypothesized that a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, liraglutide, would attenuate cardiac dysfunction in diabetic rats. Twenty-four Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 2 groups fed either a normal diet (normal, n = 6) or a high-fat diet (HFD, n = 18) for 4 weeks. Then, the HFD rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to create a diabetic rat model. Diabetic rats were divided into 3 subgroups receiving vehicle (diabetic, n = 6), a low dose of liraglutide (Llirag, 0.2 mg/kg/day, n = 6) or a high dose of liraglutide (Hlirag, 0.4 mg/kg/day, n = 6). Metabolic parameters, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, left ventricular (LV) function, and whole genome expression of the heart were determined. Diabetic rats developed insulin resistance, increased blood lipid levels and oxidative stress, and impaired LV function, serum adiponectin, NO. Liraglutide improved insulin resistance, serum adiponectin, NO, heart rate and LV function and reduced blood triglyceride, total cholesterol levels and oxidative stress. Moreover, liraglutide increased heart Nr1h3 , Ppar-α and Srebp expression and reduced Dgat , and Angptl3 expression. Liraglutide prevented in cardiac dysfunction by activating the PPARα pathway to inhibit Dgat expression and oxidative stress in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Ping
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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Estrogen and DPP4 inhibitor, but not metformin, exert cardioprotection via attenuating cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in obese insulin-resistant and estrogen-deprived female rats. Menopause 2018; 23:894-902. [PMID: 27326818 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiac function was markedly compromised in obese insulin-resistant and estrogen-deprived rats. Metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (vildagliptin) were reported to improve cardiac function in insulin-resistant rats. Their effects on the heart under estrogen-deprived conditions are, however, unknown. Therefore, the effects of metformin, vildagliptin, and estrogen on the cardiac function in estrogen-deprived insulin-resistant female rats were investigated. METHODS Bilateral ovariectomized female rats (n = 48) were divided to be fed with either a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Then, both ND- and HFD-fed groups were subdivided to receive a vehicle, estrogen (50 μg/kg), metformin (30 mg/kg), or vildagliptin (3 mg/kg) for 4 weeks (n = 6/group). Heart rate variability, echocardiography, metabolic and biochemical parameters, cardiac function, and mitochondrial function were determined. Sham-operated female rats (n = 6) were used as a control. RESULTS Both ND- and HFD-fed ovariectomized rats developed insulin resistance, depressed heart rate variability, and decreased cardiac contractility. Although treatment with metformin, vildagliptin, and estrogen improved metabolic status and cardiac function, only estrogen and vildagliptin improved diastolic blood pressure and left ventricular ±dP/dt, and also reduced mitochondrial impairment, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in HD-fed ovariectomized rats. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with estrogen and vildagliptin provided more beneficial effects in the inhibition of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, and preserved cardiac contractile performance in estrogen-deprived insulin-resistant female rats.
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Increased sympathovagal imbalance evaluated by heart rate variability is associated with decreased T2* MRI and left ventricular function in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171266. [PMID: 29330222 PMCID: PMC5794499 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of iron overload cardiomyopathy is an important strategy for decreasing the mortality rate of patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT). Although cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) T2* is effective in detecting cardiac iron deposition, it is costly and not generally available. We investigated whether heart rate variability (HRV) can be used as a screening method of iron overload cardiomyopathy in TDT patients. HRV, evaluated by 24-h Holter monitoring, non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI), serum ferritin, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF), and CMR-T2* were determined. Patients with a cardiac iron overload condition had a significantly higher low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio than patients without a cardiac iron overload condition. Log-serum ferritin (r = -0.41, P=0.008), serum NTBI (r = -0.313, P=0.029), and LF/HF ratio (r = -0.286, P=0.043) showed a significant correlation with CMR-T2*, however only the LF/HF ratio was significantly correlated with LVEF (r = -0.264, P=0.043). These significant correlations between HRV and CMR-T2* and LVEF in TDT confirmed the beneficial role of HRV as a potential early screening tool of cardiac iron overload in thalassemia patients, especially in a medical center in which CMR T2* is not available. A larger number of TDT patients with cardiac iron overload are needed to confirm this finding.
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Ziegler D, Strom A, Bönhof G, Püttgen S, Bódis K, Burkart V, Müssig K, Szendroedi J, Markgraf DF, Roden M. Differential associations of lower cardiac vagal tone with insulin resistance and insulin secretion in recently diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 2018; 79:1-9. [PMID: 29113812 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unclear to which extent altered insulin sensitivity/secretion contribute to the development of diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) characterized by diminished heart rate variability (HRV). We hypothesised that lower HRV is differentially associated with measures of insulin resistance and insulin secretion in recent-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS/METHODS This cross-sectional study included participants from the German Diabetes Study with type 1 (n=275) or type 2 diabetes (n=450) with known diabetes duration ≤1year and glucose-tolerant controls (n=81). Four time domain and frequency domain HRV measures each, reflecting vagal and/or sympathetic modulation were determined over 3h during a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp. Insulin sensitivity was calculated as the M-value, while insulin secretion was determined by glucagon-stimulated incremental C-peptide (ΔC-peptide). RESULTS After adjustment for sex, age, BMI, smoking, and HbA1c, both M-value and ΔC-peptide were lower in the diabetes groups compared to controls (P<0.05). In multiple linear regression analyses after Bonferroni correction, vagus-mediated HRV indices were positively associated with M-value in both diabetes types (P<0.05) and inversely associated with ΔC-peptide only in participants with type 1 diabetes (P<0.05). In type 2 diabetes, the low-frequency/high-frequency (LF/HF) power as an indicator of sympathovagal balance was weakly inversely associated with M-value. CONCLUSIONS Insulin resistance may contribute to the development of early cardiovagal suppression rather than sympathetic predominance in both diabetes types, while in type 1 diabetes a lower glucagon-stimulated insulin secretion is linked to a possibly compensatory higher parasympathetic tone. Whether interventions aimed at reducing insulin resistance could also reduce the risk of CAN remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ziegler
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Alexander Strom
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gidon Bönhof
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sonja Püttgen
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kálmán Bódis
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Volker Burkart
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Müssig
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel F Markgraf
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Metformin potentiates cognitive and antidepressant effects of fluoxetine in rats exposed to chronic restraint stress and high fat diet: potential involvement of hippocampal c-Jun repression. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:407-422. [PMID: 29379991 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several hypotheses link high fat diet (HFD) with the pathophysiology of depression and its response to antidepressants. This study aimed to determine the effect of metformin (MET) on the cognitive and antidepressant activity of fluoxetine (FLU) through its effect on c-Jun expression. Behavioral, cognitive function, biochemical, and histopathological studies were performed in non-HFD- and HFD-fed rats exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS). Stressed group showed cognitive impairment, depressive-like symptoms, disturbed glucose homeostasis and lipid profile, reduced adiponectin level, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, and increased corticosterone and c-Jun. All these were aggravated by HFD. MET, FLU and their combination produced significant improvement in lipid profile with significant increase in adiponectin and BDNF expression. Corticosterone, body weight and insulin resistance showed significant decrease in the treated groups. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in hippocampal c Jun expression. There was a significant preferable effect toward the combination. Conclusion, MET may decrease the refractoriness to FLU and improves the cognition in individuals who are fed on HFD.
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Minta W, Palee S, Mantor D, Sutham W, Jaiwongkam T, Kerdphoo S, Pratchayasakul W, Kumfu S, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Estrogen deprivation aggravates cardiometabolic dysfunction in obese-insulin resistant rats through the impairment of cardiac mitochondrial dynamics. Exp Gerontol 2018; 103:107-114. [PMID: 29331535 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome increases after the onset of menopause, suggesting estrogen has a vital role in their prevention. Mitochondrial dynamics are known to play an important role in the maintenance of cardiac physiological function. However, the effects of estrogen deprivation on cardiometabolic status and cardiac mitochondrial dynamics under conditions of obese-insulin resistance have never been investigated. We hypothesized that estrogen deprivation aggravates cardiac dysfunction through increased cardiac mitochondrial fission in obese-insulin resistant rats. Female rats were fed on either a high fat (HFD, 57.60% fat) or normal (ND, 19.77% fat) diet for 13 weeks. The rats were then divided into 4 groups. Two sham groups (HFS and NDS) and 2 operated or ovariectomized (HFO and NDO) groups (n = 8/group). Six weeks after surgery, metabolic status, heart rate variability (HRV), left ventricular (LV) function, cardiac mitochondrial function and dynamics, and metabolic parameters were determined. Insulin resistance developed in NDO, HFS and HFO rats as indicated by increased plasma insulin and HOMA index. Although rats in both NDO and HFS groups had markedly impaired LV function indicated by reduced %LVFS and impaired cardiac mitochondrial function, rats in the HFO group had the most severe impairments. Moreover, the estrogen deprived rats (NDO and HFO) had increased cardiac mitochondrial fission through activation of phosphorylation of Drp-1 at serine 616. Our findings indicated that estrogen deprivation caused the worsening of LV dysfunction through increased cardiac mitochondrial fission in obese-insulin resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanitchaya Minta
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siripong Palee
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Duangkamol Mantor
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wissuta Sutham
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thidarat Jaiwongkam
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sirinart Kumfu
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Ittichaicharoen J, Apaijai N, Tanajak P, Sa-Nguanmoo P, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn S. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor enhances restoration of salivary glands impaired by obese-insulin resistance. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 85:148-153. [PMID: 29073562 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic high-fat diet consumption causes not only obese- insulin resistance, but also leads to pathological changes in salivary glands, including increased mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (vildagliptin) is an oral anti-diabetic drug, using for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Vildagliptin has been shown to exert beneficial effects on several organs in cases of obese-insulin resistant condition. However, the effect of vildagliptin on salivary glands impaired by obese-insulin resistance has not been investigated. The hypothesis in this study is that vildagliptin confers beneficial effects on the salivary gland impaired by obese-insulin resistance via decreasing mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. DESIGN Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into two groups. Each group was fed with either a normal (ND; n=8) or a high fat diet (HFD; n=16) for 16 weeks. At week 13, the HFD-fed rats were subdivided into 2 subgroups to receive either a vehicle or vildagliptin (3mg/kg/day) for 28days via gavage feeding. ND-fed rats were treated with the vehicle. At the end of treatment, metabolic parameters were examined, and rats were killed. Submandibular glands were removed to appraise inflammatory markers, apoptosis and mitochondrial function. RESULTS Vehicle-treated HFD-fed rats developed obese-insulin resistance with an increase in oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the salivary glands. Vildagliptin therapy reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in salivary gland of HFD-fed rats. CONCLUSION Vildagliptin prevented salivary gland injury occurring due to obese-insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitjiroj Ittichaicharoen
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Pongpan Tanajak
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Piangkwan Sa-Nguanmoo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Chattipakorn
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Kanthe PS, Patil BS, Bagali SC, Reddy RC, Aithala MR, Das KK. Protective effects of Ethanolic Extract of Emblica officinalis (amla) on Cardiovascular Pathophysiology of Rats, Fed with High Fat Diet. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:CC05-CC09. [PMID: 29207698 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/28474.10628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Dietary high fat alters lipid profile and possibly induce sympatho-vagal imbalance. Emblica officinalis is found to be potential antioxidant and possibly counteract hyperlipidemia induced lipid peroxidation. Aim To assess Ethanolic extract of Emblica Officinalis (EEO) as lipid lowering and cardiovascular protective agent against high dietary fat supplemented to experimental rats. Further to study a comparative analysis between EEO and atorvastatin on hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular integrity. Materials and Methods EEO was prepared and phytochemical analysis was done. Rats were divided into five groups, having six rats in each group as following; Group I-control (20% fat); Group II (+ EEO 100 mg/kg body wt); Group III (fed with high fat diet; 30% fat); Group IV (fed with high fat diet; 30% fat + EEO 100 mg/kg body wt) and Group V (fed with high fat diet; 30% fat + atorvastatin 4 mg/kg body wt). The treatments were continued for 21 days. Gravimetric parameters and electrophysiological parameters {Heart Rate (HR), sympatho-vagal balance} were recorded and lipid profiles of all the groups were measured. ANOVA, correlation and multiple regressions were done for analysis of data. Results Significant alteration in serum lipid profile was observed in rats fed with high dietary fat but supplementation of EEO was found to be reversible. Electrophysiological evaluation revealed altered HR and sympatho-vagal balance in high dietary fat fed rats (Group III) which indicate cardiac autonomic malfunctions which were found to be improved in Emblica officinalis supplemented group of rats (Group IV). Further, analysis has shown significant negative correlation between HDL/LDL and sympatho-vagal balance in all groups of rats which clearly indicate a role of dietary fat on sympatho-vagal balance. These results further corroborated with findings of histopathological study on myocardium and elastic artery. Conclusion Observations from the study indicate a beneficial role of ethanolic extract of Emblica officinalis (amla) on dyslipidemia and cardiac autonomic functions in rats treated with high fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Shantkumar Kanthe
- PhD Scholar, Department of Laboratory of Vascular Physiology and Medicine, Department of Physiology, BLDE University Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
| | - Bheemshetty S Patil
- Lecturer, Department of Anatomy, BLDE University Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
| | - Shrilaxmi C Bagali
- Assistant Professor, Department of Laboratory of Vascular Physiology and Medicine, Department of Physiology, BLDE University Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
| | - R Chandramouli Reddy
- Junior Research Scientist, Department of Laboratory of Vascular Physiology and Medicine, Department of Physiology, BLDE University Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunatha R Aithala
- Professor and Head, Department of Physiology, BLDE University Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
| | - Kusal K Das
- Professor, Department of Laboratory of Vascular Physiology and Medicine, Department of Physiology, BLDE University Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
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Ganji A, Salehi I, Nazari M, Taheri M, Komaki A. Effects of Hypericum scabrum extract on learning and memory and oxidant/antioxidant status in rats fed a long-term high-fat diet. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1255-1265. [PMID: 28536937 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) causes deficits in learning and memory by increasing oxidative stress. Antioxidants are known to improve learning and memory. Since Hypericum scabrum (H. scabrum) extract is rich in antioxidants, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the administration of H. scabrum extract on passive avoidance learning (PAL), novel object recognition (NOR), and locomotor activity in male rats on a HFD. Fifty-four male Wistar rats (weighing 220 ± 10 g) were divided into the following six groups: (1) Control (standard diet), (2) Ext100 (standard diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg extract once/day), (3) Ext300 (standard diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg extract once/day), (4) HFD (high-fat diet), (5) HFD + Ext100, and (6) HFD + Ext300. Rats in these groups were maintained on their respective diets for 3 months. In the PAL test, the step-through latencies in the retention test (STLr) were significantly higher in the HFD + extract group than in the HFD group. The time spent in the dark compartment (TDC) was significantly lesser and the time spent in exploring the novel object was significantly greater in the HFD + extract group than in the HFD group. In the HFD-fed rats, the activity of catalase had significantly decreased, and level of malondialdehyde had significantly increased; H. scabrum extract administration significantly reversed these changes. In conclusion, these results suggested that the administration of H. scabrum extract and its strong antioxidant properties enhanced learning and memory and reversed the memory impairment induced by chronic HFD consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ganji
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Kurdistan Institute of Education, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Nazari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Taheri
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Street, 65178/518, Hamadan, Iran.
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DPP-4 Inhibitor and Estrogen Share Similar Efficacy Against Cardiac Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury in Obese-Insulin Resistant and Estrogen-Deprived Female Rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44306. [PMID: 28281660 PMCID: PMC5345038 DOI: 10.1038/srep44306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen deprivation aggravates cardiac injury after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. Although either estrogen or the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, vildagliptin, reduces myocardial damage following cardiac I/R, their effects on the heart in obese-insulin resistant and estrogen deprived conditions remain unknown. Ovariectomized (O) rats (n = 36) were divided to receive either normal diet (NDO) or high-fat diet (HFO) for 12 weeks, followed by treatment with a vehicle, estrogen or vildagliptin for 4 weeks. The setting of in vivo cardiac I/R injury, 30-min ischemia and 120-min reperfusion, was performed. At 12 weeks after ovariectomy, both NDO and HFO rats exhibited an obese-insulin resistant condition. Both NDO and HFO rats treated with estrogen and vildagliptin showed reduced fasting plasma glucose, insulin and HOMA index. Both treatments improved cardiac function indicated by restoration of heart rate variability and increased %left ventricular ejection fraction (%LVEF). The treatments similarly protected cardiac mitochondrial function against I/R injury, leading to a reduction in the infarct size, oxidative stress and apoptosis in the ischemic myocardium. These findings demonstrate that vildagliptin effectively improves metabolic status, and shares similar efficacy to estrogen in reducing myocardial infarction and protecting cardiac mitochondrial function against I/R injury in estrogen-deprived obese-insulin resistant rats.
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Aldakinah AAA, Al-Shorbagy MY, Abdallah DM, El-Abhar HS. Trigonelline and vildagliptin antidiabetic effect: improvement of insulin signalling pathway. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:856-864. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Trigonelline (TRG) is known to have an antidiabetic efficacy; however, its mechanism is not entirely elucidated.
Methods
Hence, its effect on insulin signaling, besides its effectiveness in combination with vildagliptin (VLD) in a Type 2 diabetes model has been tested.
Key findings
TRG (50 mg/kg; p.o) lowered serum glucose, fructosamine, insulin, and HOMA-IR index and increased insulin sensitivity in soleus muscle via augmenting insulin receptor autophosphorylation (IR-PH), pT308-Akt, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). Additionally, it reduced muscle advanced glycation end products and lipid peroxides with increased glutathione. TRG showed an anti-lipidemic effect lowering serum and/or muscle total cholesterol, triglycerides, and FFAs to decrease body weight, and visceral/epididymal indices. Furthermore, VLD (3 and 10 mg/kg, p.o) increased IR-PH, pT308-Akt, and GLUT4 to improve insulin signaling. The combined effect of TRG with the low dose of VLD was mostly confined to the reduction of the aberrant lipid profile.
Conclusions
The beneficial effect of TRG on insulin sensitivity and glucose/ lipid homeostasis is mediated by the enhancement of the insulin signaling and antioxidant property. Moreover, the positive impact of VLD on pT308-Akt is an integral part in insulin signaling, and hence its antidiabetic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Y Al-Shorbagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalaal M Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan S El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Charoenphandhu N, Suntornsaratoon P, Krishnamra N, Sa-Nguanmoo P, Tanajak P, Wang X, Liang G, Li X, Jiang C, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn S. Fibroblast growth factor-21 restores insulin sensitivity but induces aberrant bone microstructure in obese insulin-resistant rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2017; 35:142-149. [PMID: 27026433 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-016-0745-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 is a potent endocrine factor that improves insulin resistance and obesity-associated metabolic disorders. However, concomitant activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ by FGF-21 makes bone susceptible to osteopenia and fragility fracture. Since an increase in body weight often induced adaptive change in bone by making it resistant to fracture, it was unclear whether FGF-21 would still induce bone defects in overweight rats. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate bone microstructure and its mechanical properties in high fat diet (HF)-fed rats treated with 0.1 mg/kg/day FGF-21. Eighteen male rats were divided into two groups to receive either a normal diet or HF for 12 weeks. HF rats were then divided into two subgroups to receive either vehicle or FGF-21 for 4 weeks. The results showed that HF led to obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, as indicated by hyperinsulinemia with euglycemia. In HF rats, there was an increase in tibial yield displacement (an indicator of ability to be deformed without losing toughness, as determined by 3-point bending) without changes in tibial trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) or cortical bone parameters, e.g., cortical thickness and bone area. FGF-21 treatment strongly improved the metabolic parameters and increased insulin sensitivity in HF rats. However, FGF-21-treated HF rats showed lower yield displacement, trabecular vBMD, trabecular bone volume, trabecular thickness, and osteoblast surface compared with vehicle-treated HF rats. These findings suggest that, despite being a potent antagonist of insulin resistance and visceral fat accumulation, FGF-21 is associated with bone defects in HF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narattaphol Charoenphandhu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panan Suntornsaratoon
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nateetip Krishnamra
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piangkwan Sa-Nguanmoo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pongpun Tanajak
- Neurophysiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Tanajak P, Pintana H, Siri-Angkul N, Khamseekaew J, Apaijai N, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Vildagliptin and caloric restriction for cardioprotection in pre-diabetic rats. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:189-204. [PMID: 27875248 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Long-term high-fat diet (HFD) consumption causes cardiac dysfunction. Although calorie restriction (CR) has been shown to be useful in obesity, we hypothesized that combined CR with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor provides greater efficacy than monotherapy in attenuating cardiac dysfunction and metabolic impairment in HFD-induced obese-insulin resistant rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups to be fed on either a normal diet (ND, n = 6) or a HFD (n = 24) for 12 weeks. Then, HFD rats were divided into 4 subgroups (n = 6/subgroup) to receive just the vehicle, CR diet (60% of mean energy intake and changed to ND), vildagliptin (3 mg/kg/day) or combined CR and vildagliptin for 4 weeks. Metabolic parameters, heart rate variability (HRV), cardiac mitochondrial function, left ventricular (LV) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 signaling pathway were determined. Rats on a HFD developed insulin and FGF21 resistance, oxidative stress, cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired LV function. Rats on CR alone showed both decreased body weight and visceral fat accumulation, whereas vildagliptin did not alter these parameters. Rats in CR, vildagliptin and CR plus vildagliptin subgroups had improved insulin sensitivity and oxidative stress. However, vildagliptin improved heart rate variability (HRV), cardiac mitochondrial function and LV function better than the CR. Chronic HFD consumption leads to obese-insulin resistance and FGF21 resistance. Although CR is effective in improving metabolic regulation, vildagliptin provides greater efficacy in preventing cardiac dysfunction by improving anti-apoptosis and FGF21 signaling pathways and attenuating cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in obese-insulin-resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongpan Tanajak
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Hiranya Pintana
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Natthaphat Siri-Angkul
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Juthamas Khamseekaew
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic SciencesFaculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Magdy YM, El-Kharashi OA, Nabih ES, Shaker SM, Abd-Elaziz LF, Aboul-Fotouh S. Potential involvement of JNK1 repression in the hepatic effect of sitagliptin and metformin in rats subjected to high fat diet and chronic mild distress. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 85:225-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Pongkan W, Pintana H, Jaiwongkam T, Kredphoo S, Sivasinprasasn S, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Vildagliptin reduces cardiac ischemic-reperfusion injury in obese orchiectomized rats. J Endocrinol 2016; 231:81-95. [PMID: 27543302 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and testosterone deprivation are associated with coronary artery disease. Testosterone and vildagliptin (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors) exert cardioprotection during ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the effect of these drugs on I/R heart in a testosterone-deprived, obese, insulin-resistant model is unclear. This study investigated the effects of testosterone and vildagliptin on cardiac function, arrhythmias and the infarct size in I/R heart of testosterone-deprived rats with obese insulin resistance. Orchiectomized (O) or sham operated (S) male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups to receive normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Orchiectomized rats in each diet were divided to receive testosterone (2 mg/kg), vildagliptin (3 mg/kg) or the vehicle daily for 4 weeks. Then, I/R was performed by a 30-min left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, followed by a 120-min reperfusion. LV function, arrhythmia scores, infarct size and cardiac mitochondrial function were determined. HFD groups developed insulin resistance at week 12. At week 16, cardiac function was impaired in NDO, HFO and HFS rats, but was restored in all testosterone- and vildagliptin-treated rats. During I/R injury, arrhythmia scores, infarct size and cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction were prominently increased in NDO, HFO and HFS rats, compared with those in NDS rats. Treatment with either testosterone or vildagliptin similarly attenuated these impairments during I/R injury. These finding suggest that both testosterone replacement and vildagliptin share similar efficacy for cardioprotection during I/R injury by decreasing the infarct size and attenuating cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction caused by I/R injury in testosterone-deprived rats with obese insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpitak Pongkan
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Hiranya Pintana
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thidarat Jaiwongkam
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kredphoo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sivaporn Sivasinprasasn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic ScienceFaculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Tanajak P, Sa-nguanmoo P, Wang X, Liang G, Li X, Jiang C, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) therapy attenuates left ventricular dysfunction and metabolic disturbance by improving FGF21 sensitivity, cardiac mitochondrial redox homoeostasis and structural changes in pre-diabetic rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 217:287-99. [PMID: 27119620 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) acts as a metabolic regulator and exerts cardioprotective effects. However, the effects of long-term FGF21 administration on the heart under the FGF21-resistant condition in obese, insulin-resistant rats have not been investigated. We hypothesized that long-term FGF21 administration reduces FGF21 resistance and insulin resistance and attenuates cardiac dysfunction in obese, insulin-resistant rats. METHODS Eighteen rats were fed on either a normal diet (n = 6) or a high-fat diet (HFD; n = 12) for 12 weeks. Then, rats in the HFD group were divided into two subgroups (n = 6 per subgroup) and received either the vehicle (HFV) or recombinant human FGF21 (rhFGF21, 0.1 mg kg(-1) day(-1) ; HFF) injected intraperitoneally for 28 days. The metabolic parameters, inflammation, malondialdehyde (MDA), heart rate variability (HRV), left ventricular (LV) function, cardiac mitochondrial redox homoeostasis, cardiac mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) and anti-apoptotic signalling pathways were determined. RESULTS HFV rats had increased dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, plasma FGF21 levels, TNF-α, adiponectin and MDA, depressed HRV, and impaired LV and mitochondrial function. HFV rats also had decreased cardiac Bcl-2, cardiac PGC-1α and CPT-1 protein expression. However, FGF21 restored metabolic parameters, decreased TNF-α and MDA, increased serum adiponectin, and improved HRV, cardiac mitochondrial and LV function in HFF rats. Moreover, HFF rats had increased cardiac Bcl-2, cardiac PGC-1α and CPT-1 protein expression. CONCLUSION Long-term FGF21 therapy attenuates FGF21 resistance and insulin resistance and exerts cardioprotection by improving cardiometabolic regulation via activating anti-apoptotic and cardiac mitochondrial FAO signalling pathways in obese, insulin-resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Tanajak
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - P. Sa-nguanmoo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - X. Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; University-Town Wenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - G. Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; University-Town Wenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - X. Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; University-Town Wenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - C. Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; University-Town Wenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - S. C. Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - N. Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
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