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Hendry E, McCallister B, Elman DJ, Freeman R, Borsook D, Elman I. Validity of mental and physical stress models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 158:105566. [PMID: 38307304 PMCID: PMC11082879 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Different stress models are employed to enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and explore potential interventions. However, the utility of these models remains a critical concern, as their validities may be limited by the complexity of stress processes. Literature review revealed that both mental and physical stress models possess reasonable construct and criterion validities, respectively reflected in psychometrically assessed stress ratings and in activation of the sympathoadrenal system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The findings are less robust, though, in the pharmacological perturbations' domain, including such agents as adenosine or dobutamine. Likewise, stress models' convergent- and discriminant validity vary depending on the stressors' nature. Stress models share similarities, but also have important differences regarding their validities. Specific traits defined by the nature of the stressor stimulus should be taken into consideration when selecting stress models. Doing so can personalize prevention and treatment of stress-related antecedents, its acute processing, and chronic sequelae. Further work is warranted to refine stress models' validity and customize them so they commensurate diverse populations and circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Hendry
- Center for Autonomic and Peripheral Nerve Disorders, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brady McCallister
- Center for Autonomic and Peripheral Nerve Disorders, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan J Elman
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roy Freeman
- Center for Autonomic and Peripheral Nerve Disorders, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Borsook
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Department of Anesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Igor Elman
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Piróg M, Jach R, Ząbczyk M, Natorska J. Increased Serum Levels of Phoenixin-14, Nesfatin-1 and Dopamine Are Associated with Positive Pregnancy Rate after Ovarian Stimulation. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6991. [PMID: 38002606 PMCID: PMC10672044 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12226991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We study the relationship between phoenixin (PNX-14), nesfatin-1 (NES-1), dopamine (DA) and oxytocin (OT) levels together with pregnancy rates in women after ovarian stimulation (OS). METHODS In a prospective case-control study, 56 infertile women were enrolled from the Department of Gynecological Endocrinology University Hospital. Infertile women age < 40 years old, with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), confirmed tubal patency and suitable sperm quality were included. Blood samples were drawn twice-before the initiation of OS and before the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration. Assessments of PNX-14, NES-1, DA and OT serum levels were performed. Pregnancy rates after OS were observed. RESULTS Pregnant women showed higher baseline NES-1 and OT levels (+29.2% and +44%) but not PNX-14 and DA levels when compared to non-pregnant ones. In pregnant women, positive correlations between OT and prolactin, PRL (r = 0.47, p = 0.04), as well as between OT and NES-1 (r = 0.55, p = 0.02), were observed at baseline. At baseline, an OT level increase was associated with a positive pregnancy rate (per 100 pg/mL, OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.04-1.74), while after OS, higher PNX-14 was a predictor of pregnancy (by 10 pg/mL, OR = 1.23, 95%CI 1.07-1.39). Post-stimulation PNX-14, NES-1 and DA concentrations were higher in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant ones (+17.4%, +26.1%, and +45.5%, respectively; all p < 0.05). In the pregnant group, OT levels were 2.7-times lower than in the remainder (p = 0.03). Moreover, in pregnant participants, a negative association between NES-1 and PNX (r = -0.53, p = 0.024) was observed. CONCLUSION Elevated PNX-14, NES-1 and DA along with decreased OT levels were observed in women who achieved pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Piróg
- Gynecological Endocrinology Department, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Robert Jach
- Gynecological Endocrinology Department, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Michał Ząbczyk
- Department of Thromboembolic Disorders, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-202 Krakow, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.N.)
- Krakow Centre for Medical Research and Technologies, St. John Paul II Hospital, 31-202 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Natorska
- Department of Thromboembolic Disorders, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-202 Krakow, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.N.)
- Krakow Centre for Medical Research and Technologies, St. John Paul II Hospital, 31-202 Krakow, Poland
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Cong X, Liu H, Zheng Y, Chen M. A Putative Role of Vasopressin/Oxytocin-Type Neuropeptide in Osmoregulation and Feeding Inhibition of Apostichopus japonicus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14358. [PMID: 37762661 PMCID: PMC10532012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasopressin/oxytocin (VP/OT)-type neuropeptide is an ancient neurophysin-associated neuropeptide and has been intensively studied to be involved in multiple physiological processes in protostomian and deuterostome vertebrates. However, little is known about the functions of VP/OT-type neuropeptide in deuterostome invertebrates especially in echinoderms. Here, we firstly report VP/OT-type neuropeptide signaling in an important economic species, Apostichopus japonicus, which is widely cultured in Asia, with high nutritional and medicinal values. Molecular characterization analysis of holotocin and its precursor revealed the highly conserved features of VP/OT family. The candidate receptor for holotocin (AjHOR) was confirmed to be able to activate the signaling via cAMP-PKA and possible Ca2+-PKC pathway, and further activated the downstream ERK1/2 cascade. Holotocin precursor expression profile showed that they were mainly concentrated in circumoral nerve ring. Furthermore, in vitro pharmacological experiments demonstrated that holotocin caused contractile responses in preparations from A. japonicus. And in vivo functional studies indicated that short-term injection of holotocin resulted in body bloat and long-term injection resulted in reduced body mass, suggesting potential roles of holotocin in osmoregulation and feeding co-inhibition with holotocin-CCK. Our findings provided a comprehensive description of AjHOR-holotocin signaling, revealed ancient roles of holotocin in osmoregulation and feeding inhibition by controlling muscle contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Muyan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.C.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
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Elnagar A, El-Dawy K, El-Belbasi HI, Rehan IF, Embark H, Al-Amgad Z, Shanab O, Mickdam E, Batiha GE, Alamery S, Fouad SS, Cavalu S, Youssef M. Ameliorative Effect of Oxytocin on FBN1 and PEPCK Gene Expression, and Behavioral Patterns in Rats' Obesity-Induced Diabetes. Front Public Health 2022; 10:777129. [PMID: 35462799 PMCID: PMC9021505 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.777129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amelioration of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance associated with obesity is a cardinal target for therapeutics. Therefore, we investigated the relation of Fibrilln-1 (FBN1) mRNA expression and hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate caboxykinase (PEPCK) enzyme to the ameliorative impact of oxytocin on obesity-induced diabetes, suggesting glycogenolysis markers in diabetic models. Four groups of forty male Wistar rats were formed (n = 10): a control group fed basal diet and intraperitoneal injections of saline; an oxytocin-injected group; a diet-induced obese group fed a high-fat/high-sugar diet and injected with saline; a diet-induced obese group injected with oxytocin. Depending on blood glucose levels, obese groups were further sub-grouped into prediabetic, and diabetic rats, with 5 rats each, at the ninth and the 16th week of the feeding period, respectively. FBN1 expression and PEPCK activity were determined using the qPCR technique and some biochemical parameters (glycemic, lipid profile, kidney, and liver functions) were determined using kits. Obese groups showed an elevation of brain FBN1 expression, high serum lipid profile, high glucose level, and a deleterious impact on liver and kidney functions. Obese groups showed the stimulator effect of the PEPCK enzyme and time-dependent pathological changes in renal and hepatic tissues. The motor activities were negatively correlated with FBN1 gene expression in prediabetic and diabetic rats. In addition to our previous review of the crucial role of asprosin, here we showed that oxytocin could ameliorate obesity-induced diabetes and decrease FBN1 gene expression centrally to block appetite. Oxytocin caused decreases in PEPCK enzyme activity as well as glycogenolysis in the liver. Therefore, oxytocin has a potential effect on FBN1 expression and PEPCK enzyme activity in the obesity-induced diabetic-rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Elnagar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Khalifa El-Dawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hussein I El-Belbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim F Rehan
- Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menofia University, Shebin Alkom, Egypt
| | - Hamdy Embark
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Al-Amgad
- General Authority for Veterinary Services, Ph.D in Veterinary Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Obeid Shanab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Mickdam
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Gaber E Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Salman Alamery
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samer S Fouad
- Qena University Hospital, Ph.D in Veterinary Clinical Pathology, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Mohammed Youssef
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Lockhofen DEL, Mulert C. Neurochemistry of Visual Attention. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:643597. [PMID: 34025339 PMCID: PMC8133366 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.643597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual attention is the cognitive process that mediates the selection of important information from the environment. This selection is usually controlled by bottom-up and top-down attentional biasing. Since for most humans vision is the dominant sense, visual attention is critically important for higher-order cognitive functions and related deficits are a core symptom of many neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. Here, we summarize the importance and relative contributions of different neuromodulators and neurotransmitters to the neural mechanisms of top-down and bottom-up attentional control. We will not only review the roles of widely accepted neuromodulators, such as acetylcholine, dopamine and noradrenaline, but also the contributions of other modulatory substances. In doing so, we hope to shed some light on the current understanding of the role of neurochemistry in shaping neuron properties contributing to the allocation of attention in the visual field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Mulert
- Center for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig University, Hessen, Germany
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Erdenebayar O, Kato T, Kawakita T, Kasai K, Kadota Y, Yoshida K, Iwasa T, Irahara M. Effects of peripheral oxytocin administration on body weight, food intake, adipocytes, and biochemical parameters in peri- and postmenopausal female rats. Endocr J 2021; 68:7-16. [PMID: 32879161 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej19-0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that the administration of oxytocin has beneficial effects on the regulation of body weight, food intake, and metabolic functions, especially in obese individuals. Obesity is common in women after the menopause and drives many components of metabolic syndrome. Weight gain in menopausal women has been frequently reported. Although obesity and associated metabolic disorders are frequently observed in peri- and postmenopausal women, there are few medical interventions for these conditions. In this study, we evaluated the effects of chronic oxytocin administration on appetite, body weight, and fat mass in peri- and postmenopausal female rats. Sixteen naturally premenopausal or menopausal rats were intraperitoneally injected with oxytocin (1,000 μg/day) for 12 days. The daily changes in their body weight and food intake were measured at the same time as the oxytocin and vehicle injections. Intraperitoneally administering oxytocin for 12 days significantly reduced food intake, body weight, and visceral adipocyte size. In addition, oxytocin administration caused reductions in serum triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, while it did not disturb hepatic or renal functions or locomotor activity. This is the first study to show the effects of oxytocin on the metabolic and feeding functions of peri- and postmenopausal female rats. Oxytocin might be a useful treatment for metabolic disorders caused by the menopause or aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otgontsetseg Erdenebayar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takako Kawakita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kana Kasai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuri Kadota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kanako Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Minoru Irahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
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Development of Magnetic Nanobeads Modified by Artificial Fluorescent Peptides for the Highly Sensitive and Selective Analysis of Oxytocin. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20205956. [PMID: 33096804 PMCID: PMC7588987 DOI: 10.3390/s20205956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe two novel fluorescent peptides (compounds 1 and 2) targeting oxytocin with a boron-dipyrromethenyl group as the fluorophore bound to an artificial peptide based on the oxytocin receptor, and their application for the analysis of oxytocin levels in human serum using nanometer-sized magnetic beads modified by fluorescent peptides (FMB-1 and FMB-2). Under the optimized experimental protocols, FMB-1 and FMB-2 emitted low levels of fluorescence but emitted much higher levels of fluorescence when associated with oxytocin. The detection limit of oxytocin by FMB-2 was 0.4 pM, which is approximately 37.5 times higher than that of conventional methods, such as ELISA. Using these fluorescent sensors, oxytocin was specifically detected over a wide linear range with high sensitivity, good reusability, stability, precision, and reproducibility. This fluorescent sensor-based detection system thus enabled the measurement of oxytocin levels in human serum, which has widespread applications for oxytocin assays across varied research fields.
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Paiva L, Leng G. Peripheral insulin administration enhances the electrical activity of oxytocin and vasopressin neurones in vivo. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12841. [PMID: 32180284 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin neurones are involved in the regulation of energy balance through diverse central and peripheral actions and, in rats, they are potently activated by gavage of sweet substances. Here, we test the hypothesis that this activation is mediated by the central actions of insulin. We show that, in urethane-anaesthetised rats, oxytocin cells in the supraoptic nucleus show prolonged activation after i.v. injections of insulin, and that this response is greater in fasted rats than in non-fasted rats. Vasopressin cells are also activated, although less consistently. We also show that this activation of oxytocin cells is independent of changes in plasma glucose concentration, and is completely blocked by central (i.c.v.) administration of an insulin receptor antagonist. Finally, we replicate the previously published finding that oxytocin cells are activated by gavage of sweetened condensed milk, and show that this response too is completely blocked by central administration of an insulin receptor antagonist. We conclude that the response of oxytocin cells to gavage of sweetened condensed milk is mediated by the central actions of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Paiva
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gareth Leng
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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9
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Response of the expression of oxytocin neurons to ghrelin in female mice. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:1085-1095. [PMID: 32215671 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is an orexigenic agonist that acts directly on neurons in the hypothalamus, controlling appetite and energy balance. Although its role in appetite-associated neurons has been described, the relationship between peripheral ghrelin stimulation and oxytocin expression in the paraventricular nucleus is not fully understood. We evaluated the suppressive function of ghrelin in oxytocin-positive paraventricular nucleus neurons in ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice 2 h after ghrelin injection. The results showed that, in intact mice, peripheral ghrelin stimulation activated estrogen receptor alpha-expressing neurons during the estrous cycle and that agouti-related peptide mRNA expression was remarkably increased. Agouti-related peptide neuron axons co-localized with oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus. Moreover, the response of oxytocin-positive paraventricular nucleus neurons to ghrelin was suppressed in the proestrus period, while ghrelin decreased the serum concentration of estradiol in the proestrus phase. These data suggest that ghrelin may suppress oxytocin-positive neuron expression via the arcuate nucleus agouti-related peptide circuit, with the possible influence of estradiol in the murine estrous cycle. Unraveling the mechanism of ghrelin-induced oxytocin expression in the hypothalamus paraventricular nucleus broadens the horizon for ghrelin-related appetite research.
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Kelly EM, Adkins-Regan E. Do nonapeptides regulate parental care depending on experience in zebra finches? Horm Behav 2020; 117:104603. [PMID: 31669456 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.104603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent research suggests that the nonapeptide neurohormones regulate parental behaviors in a diverse array of vertebrates. However, it remains unclear how these neurohormones regulate parental care among birds, especially those which exhibit biparental care, or whether hormonal effects are contingent on a bird's previous experience as a parent. We measured the effects of nonapeptides on parental behaviors by peripherally injecting, over three treatment days, a short-acting nonapeptide receptor antagonist (OTA) or a saline control into breeding pairs of zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) that either did or did not have previous parental experience. We then compared how the duration of parental behaviors changed over the five days of observation (including one day before and two days after injections were administered). To compare treatment effects on parental outcomes, we also measured chick growth and mortality rates for each pair. There was a nearly significant interaction between treatment and experience for the amount of time birds spent in the nest, with time in the nest declining across the experiment inexperienced and experienced OTA birds. There was also a significant treatment by trial day interaction for nest guarding and a treatment by experience by trial day interaction for nest maintenance. Chicks reared by parents that received the OTA had significantly lower growth rates than chicks reared by control parents and, among experienced birds, higher mortality relative to control birds. Together, these results provide some support for the hypothesis that nonapeptides play a role in regulating parental outcomes and some parental behaviors in both experienced and inexperienced zebra finches.
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Affiliation(s)
- E McKenna Kelly
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Seeley G. Mudd Hall, 215 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America.
| | - Elizabeth Adkins-Regan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Seeley G. Mudd Hall, 215 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America; Department of Psychology, Cornell University, 211 Uris Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
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Daubenbüchel AM, Özyurt J, Boekhoff S, Warmuth-Metz M, Eveslage M, Müller HL. Eating behaviour and oxytocin in patients with childhood-onset craniopharyngioma and different grades of hypothalamic involvement. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12527. [PMID: 31013553 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with childhood-onset craniopharyngioma (CP) often suffer from tumour or treatment-related hypothalamic lesions (HL). These lesions may alter production of oxytocin, which plays a major role in the regulation of eating behaviour and body composition. OBJECTIVE In CP with different degrees of HL, we investigated associations between HL, eating behaviour/eating attitudes, and oxytocin saliva concentrations (OSC). METHODS In a cross-sectional case-control study on 34 CP and 73 healthy controls, OSC were measured before, and 60 minutes after breakfast by immunoassay. Eating behaviour, attitudes, and habits were assessed by standardized questionnaires. RESULTS CP with anterior + posterior HL presented with more adverse eating behaviours/symptoms of eating disorders than CP without HL, CP with anterior HL, and controls. Eating behaviour in CP with anterior HL was similar to controls, except for their tendency towards high dietary restraints. Decreases in postprandial compared with fasting OSC were associated with adverse eating behaviour in CP and controls and with higher BMI in CP. CONCLUSIONS CP with anterior HL and CP with anterior + posterior HL present with distinct patterns of eating behaviour. Reduced postprandial compared with fasting OSC is associated with weight problems in CP and with adverse eating behaviour and symptoms of eating disorders in both CP and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Daubenbüchel
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jale Özyurt
- Biological Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Boekhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | - Maria Eveslage
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hermann L Müller
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
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Palmieri B, Vadalà M, Laurino C. Review of the molecular mechanisms in wound healing: new therapeutic targets? J Wound Care 2019; 26:765-775. [PMID: 29244975 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2017.26.12.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The restoration of the skin barrier in acute and chronic wounds is controlled by several molecular mechanisms that synergistically regulate cell kinetics, enzymatic functions, and neurovascular activation. These pathways include genetic and epigenetic activation, which modulate physiological wound healing. Our review describes the genetic background of skin repair, namely transcription-independent diffusible damage signals, individual variability, epigenetic mechanism, controlled qualitative traits, post-translational mechanisms, antioxidants, nutrients, DNA modifications, bacteria activation, mitochondrial activity, and oxidative stress. The DNA background modulating skin restoration could be used to plan new diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Palmieri
- Associated Professor, Dipartimento Chirurgico, Medico, Odontoiatrico e di Scienze Morfologiche con Interesse Trapiantologico, Oncologico e di Medicina Rigenerativa, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Network del Secondo Parere, Modena (MO), Italy
| | - M Vadalà
- Biologist Researcher, Dipartimento Chirurgico, Medico, Odontoiatrico e di Scienze Morfologiche con Interesse Trapiantologico, Oncologico e di Medicina Rigenerativa, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Network del Secondo Parere, Modena (MO), Italy
| | - C Laurino
- Biologist Researcher, Dipartimento Chirurgico, Medico, Odontoiatrico e di Scienze Morfologiche con Interesse Trapiantologico, Oncologico e di Medicina Rigenerativa, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Network del Secondo Parere, Modena (MO), Italy
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13
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New Metabolic Influencer on Oxytocin Release: The Ghrelin. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040735. [PMID: 30781678 PMCID: PMC6413225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The hypothalamic–pituitary axis by secreting neuropeptides plays a key role in metabolic homeostasis. In light of the metabolic regulation, oxytocin is a potential neuropeptide for therapies against obesity and related disorders. The aim of our study is to measure ghrelin-induced oxytocin secretion in rats and to detect the changes after administration of ghrelin antagonist. Methods: Ghrelin was administrated centrally (intracerebroventricular, i.c.v., 1.0, 10.0, and 100.0 pmol) or systemically (intravenous, i.v., 1.0, and 10.0 nmol). [d-Lys3]-GHRP-6 ghrelin antagonist was injected 15 min before ghrelin injection in a dose of 10.0 pmol i.c.v. and 10.0 nmol i.v. Results: Either i.c.v. or i.v. administration of ghrelin dose-dependently increased the plasma oxytocin concentration. Following pretreatment with the ghrelin antagonist [d-Lys3]-GHRP-6, the high plasma oxytocin level induced by ghrelin was significantly reduced. Conclusion: The results indicate that the release of oxytocin is influenced directly by the ghrelin system. Examination of the mechanism of ghrelin-induced oxytocin secretion is a new horizon for potential therapeutic options.
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Senese VP, Azhari A, Shinohara K, Doi H, Venuti P, Bornstein MH, Esposito G. Implicit associations to infant cry: Genetics and early care experiences influence caregiving propensities. Horm Behav 2019; 108:1-9. [PMID: 30592969 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adults' sensitive appraisal of and response to infant cry play a foundational role in child development. Employing a gene × environment (G × E) approach, this study investigated the interaction of genetic polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) and oxytocin receptor genes (OXTR; rs53576, rs2254298) with early parental care experiences in influencing adults' implicit associations to infant cry. Eighty nulliparous adults (40 females, 40 males) responded to the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ), a measure of early care experiences, and participated in a Single Category Implicit Association Task (SC-IAT) to measure implicit associations to infant cry. Independent of parental experience, the valence of the implicit response to infant cry is associated with the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR), with LL-carriers showing more positive implicit associations than S-carriers. OXTR rs53576 moderated the relation between parental rejection and implicit appraisal of infant cry: A-carriers who experienced negative early care showed an implicit positive appraisal of infant cry, whereas in GG carriers, positive early care experiences were associated with an implicit positive reaction to infant cry. OXTR rs2254298 had no relation to implicit associations to infant cry or to early care experiences. These findings cast light on the possible interplay of genetic inheritance and early environment in influencing adults' responses to infant cry that may be incorporated into screening protocols aimed at identifying at-risk adult-infant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Paolo Senese
- Psychometric Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
| | - Atiqah Azhari
- Social & Affiliative Neuroscience Lab, Division of Psychology - School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Kazuyuki Shinohara
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Unit of Basic Medical Sciences Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Doi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Unit of Basic Medical Sciences Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Paola Venuti
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Marc H Bornstein
- Child and Family Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, United States
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Social & Affiliative Neuroscience Lab, Division of Psychology - School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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Jahromi BN, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Bakhshaie P, Parsanezhad ME, Anvar Z, Alborzi M, Zarei A, Bakhshaei M. Assessment of oxytocin level, glucose metabolism components and cutoff values for oxytocin and anti-mullerian hormone in infertile PCOS women. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 57:555-559. [PMID: 30122578 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Comparing oxytocin level and some other parameters between infertile women with or without polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), to evaluate the correlation between oxytocin with anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), Body Mass Index (BMI) and insulin resistance (IR). MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 80 PCOS and 81 non-PCOS women as the control group. Oxytocin, various hormones, Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were compared between two groups. Correlations between parameters were assessed by the spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Cutoff values for oxytocin and AMH in PCOS were calculated by the ROC-Curve and DeLong method. RESULTS The mean oxytocin level was statistically lower in the case group (p ≤ 0.001). The mean BMI, AMH, HOMA-IR, fasting insulin and insulin 2-h after 75-g glucose were significantly higher in the PCOS group. Oxytocin was negatively correlated to AMH when evaluated for all participants or only among controls. Moreover oxytocin was negatively correlated to HOMA-IR among all participants. However the relationship between oxytocin and BMI was not statistically significant. The calculated cutoff value for oxytocin was 125 ng/L and for AMH was 3.6 ng/mL in the PCOS group. CONCLUSION The mean oxytocin level in the PCOS infertile women was lower than non-PCOS women. Oxytocin showed a significant reverse correlation with AMH and HOMA-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahia Namavar Jahromi
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Maternal-fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | - Pardis Bakhshaie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ebrahim Parsanezhad
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Anvar
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mahshid Alborzi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Afsoon Zarei
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mina Bakhshaei
- Department of Biophysics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Cataldo I, Azhari A, Lepri B, Esposito G. Oxytocin receptors (OXTR) and early parental care: An interaction that modulates psychiatric disorders. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2018; 82:27-38. [PMID: 29033100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin plays an important role in the modulation of social behavior in both typical and atypical contexts. Also, the quality of early parental care sets the foundation for long-term psychosocial development. Here, we review studies that investigated how oxytocin receptor (OXTR) interacts with early parental care experiences to influence the development of psychiatric disorders. Using Pubmed, Scopus and PsycInfo databases, we utilized the keyword "OXTR" before subsequently searching for specific OXTR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), generating a list of 598 studies in total. The papers were catalogued in a database and filtered for gene-environment interaction, psychiatric disorders and involvement of parental care. In particular, rs53576 and rs2254298 were found to be significantly involved in gene-environment interactions that modulated risk for psychopathology and the following psychiatric disorders: disruptive behavior, depression, anxiety, eating disorder and borderline personality disorder. These results illustrate the importance of OXTR in mediating the impact of parental care on the emergence of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cataldo
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy; Mobile and Social Computing Lab, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Atiqah Azhari
- Division of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Bruno Lepri
- Mobile and Social Computing Lab, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy; Division of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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Miller J. The potential of oxytocin for the treatment of hyperphagia in Prader-Willi Syndrome. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2018.1451326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Akour A, Kasabri V, Bulatova N, Al Muhaissen S, Naffa R, Fahmawi H, Momani M, Zayed A, Bustanji Y. Association of Oxytocin with Glucose Intolerance and Inflammation Biomarkers in Metabolic Syndrome Patients with and without Prediabetes. Rev Diabet Stud 2018; 14:364-371. [PMID: 29590229 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2017.14.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the differences in OXT levels in metabolic syndrome (MetS) subjects, newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), and prediabetes subjects vs. MetS subjects without glucose intolerance (non-diabetic MetS). It was also intended to determine the relationship between plasma OXT levels and inflammatory markers in those subjects. METHODS Along with 45 lean and normoglycemic controls, a total of 190 MetS subjects (61 men, 129 women) were enrolled. Colorimetric enzymatic assays of the following components were performed: plasma OXT, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), resistin, adiponectin, leptin, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), thrompospondin 1 (TSP-1), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and glucagon. RESULTS hsCRP, PAI-1, resistin, leptin-to-adiponection-ratio (LAR), TNF-α, TSP-1, and MIF were significantly higher in both MetS groups (prediabetic and T2DM) than in MetS-only subjects. Leptin and MMP-9 were significantly higher in the MetS-T2DM group (but not in MetS-prediabetics) vs. MetS-only subjects. Conversely adiponectin, OXT, MCP-1, and IL-10 were significantly lower in both MetS groups (prediabetic and T2DM) than in MetS-only subjects. There was no marked discrepancy in either glucagon or IL-6 levels among the three MetS groups. In the entire MetS study population, OXT correlated substantially and proportionally with MCP-1, IL-10, and IL-6; it correlated negatively with HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), PAI-1, MMP-9, TNF-α, TSP-1, resistin, adiponectin, leptin, LAR, and MIF. No association could be observed between OXT and glucagon. CONCLUSIONS OXT may be a substantial surrogate predictive/prognostic tool and putative pharmacotherapeutic target in metabolic anomalies and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Akour
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Violet Kasabri
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nailya Bulatova
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Suha Al Muhaissen
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Randa Naffa
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hiba Fahmawi
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Munther Momani
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, the University of Jordan Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ayman Zayed
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, the University of Jordan Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yasser Bustanji
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Oxytocin curbs calorie intake via food-specific increases in the activity of brain areas that process reward and establish cognitive control. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2736. [PMID: 29426874 PMCID: PMC5807408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20963-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic neurohormone oxytocin decreases food intake via largely unexplored mechanisms. We investigated the central nervous mediation of oxytocin's hypophagic effect in comparison to its impact on the processing of generalized rewards. Fifteen fasted normal-weight, young men received intranasal oxytocin (24 IU) or placebo before functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measurements of brain activity during exposure to food stimuli and a monetary incentive delay task (MID). Subsequently, ad-libitum breakfast intake was assessed. Oxytocin compared to placebo increased activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, anterior cingulate, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices in response to high- vs. low-calorie food images in the fasted state, and reduced calorie intake by 12%. During anticipation of monetary rewards, oxytocin compared to placebo augmented striatal, orbitofrontal and insular activity without altering MID performance. We conclude that during the anticipation of generalized rewards, oxytocin stimulates dopaminergic reward-processing circuits. In contrast, oxytocin restrains food intake by enhancing the activity of brain regions that exert cognitive control, while concomitantly increasing the activity of structures that process food reward value. This pattern points towards a specific role of oxytocin in the regulation of eating behaviour in humans that might be of relevance for potential clinical applications.
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Sanathara NM, Garau C, Alachkar A, Wang L, Wang Z, Nishimori K, Xu X, Civelli O. Melanin concentrating hormone modulates oxytocin-mediated marble burying. Neuropharmacology 2018; 128:22-32. [PMID: 28888943 PMCID: PMC5830107 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive and perseverative behaviors are common features of a number of neuropsychiatric diseases such as Angelman's syndrome, Tourette's syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and autism spectrum disorders. The oxytocin system has been linked to the regulation of repetitive behavior in both animal models and humans, but many of its downstream targets have still to be found. We report that the melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) system is a target of the oxytocin system in regulating one repetitive behavior, marble burying. First we report that nearly 60% of MCH neurons express oxytocin receptors, and demonstrate using rabies mediated tract tracing that MCH neurons receive direct presynaptic input from oxytocin neurons. Then we show that MCH receptor knockout (MCHR1KO) mice and MCH ablated animals display increased marble burying response while central MCH infusion decreases it. Finally, we demonstrate the downstream role of the MCH system on oxytocin mediated marble burying by showing that central infusions of MCH and oxytocin alone or together reduce it while antagonizing the MCH system blocks oxytocin-mediated reduction of this behavior. Our findings reveal a novel role for the MCH system as a mediator of the role of oxytocin in regulating marble-burying behavior in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayna M Sanathara
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Celia Garau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Amal Alachkar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Lien Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Nishimori
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8555, Japan
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Olivier Civelli
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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Giel K, Zipfel S, Hallschmid M. Oxytocin and Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review on Emerging Findings and Perspectives. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:1111-1121. [PMID: 29189166 PMCID: PMC6187754 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666171128143158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin regulates reproductive behavior and mother-infant interaction, and conclusive studies in humans indicate that oxytocin is also a potent modulator of psychosocial function. Pilot experiments have yielded first evidence that this neuropeptide moreover influences eating behavior. METHODS We briefly summarize currently available studies on the involvement of the oxytocin system in the pathophysiology of eating disorders, as well as on the effects of oxytocin administration in patients with these disorders. RESULTS Brain administration of oxytocin in animals with normal weight, but also with diet-induced or genetically induced obesity, attenuates food intake and reduces body weight. In normal-weight and obese individuals, acute intranasal oxytocin delivery curbs calorie intake from main dishes and snacks. Such effects might converge with the poignant social and cognitive impact of oxytocin to also improve dysfunctional eating behavior in the therapeutic context. This assumption has received support in first studies showing that oxytocin might play a role in the disease process of anorexia nervosa. In contrast, respective experiments in patients with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder are still scarce. CONCLUSIONS We propose a framework of oxytocin's role and its therapeutic potential in eating disorders that aims at integrating social and metabolic aspects of its pharmacological profile, and ponder perspectives and limitations of oxytocin use in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manfred Hallschmid
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Medical
Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; Tel/Fax: ++49-7071-29-88925, +49-7071-29-25016; E-mail:
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González-García I, Fernø J, López M. Central Oxytocin and Energy Balance: More Than Feelings. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2713-2715. [PMID: 28911180 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ismael González-García
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, Research Centre of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Johan Fernø
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, Research Centre of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
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Moir L, Bochukova EG, Dumbell R, Banks G, Bains RS, Nolan PM, Scudamore C, Simon M, Watson KA, Keogh J, Henning E, Hendricks A, O'Rahilly S, Barroso I, Sullivan AE, Bersten DC, Whitelaw ML, Kirsch S, Bentley E, Farooqi IS, Cox RD. Disruption of the homeodomain transcription factor orthopedia homeobox (Otp) is associated with obesity and anxiety. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1419-1428. [PMID: 29107289 PMCID: PMC5681237 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Genetic studies in obese rodents and humans can provide novel insights into the mechanisms involved in energy homeostasis. Methods In this study, we genetically mapped the chromosomal region underlying the development of severe obesity in a mouse line identified as part of a dominant N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis screen. We characterized the metabolic and behavioral phenotype of obese mutant mice and examined changes in hypothalamic gene expression. In humans, we examined genetic data from people with severe early onset obesity. Results We identified an obese mouse heterozygous for a missense mutation (pR108W) in orthopedia homeobox (Otp), a homeodomain containing transcription factor required for the development of neuroendocrine cell lineages in the hypothalamus, a region of the brain important in the regulation of energy homeostasis. OtpR108W/+ mice exhibit increased food intake, weight gain, and anxiety when in novel environments or singly housed, phenotypes that may be partially explained by reduced hypothalamic expression of oxytocin and arginine vasopressin. R108W affects the highly conserved homeodomain, impairs DNA binding, and alters transcriptional activity in cells. We sequenced OTP in 2548 people with severe early-onset obesity and found a rare heterozygous loss of function variant in the homeodomain (Q153R) in a patient who also had features of attention deficit disorder. Conclusions OTP is involved in mammalian energy homeostasis and behavior and appears to be necessary for the development of hypothalamic neural circuits. Further studies will be needed to investigate the contribution of rare variants in OTP to human energy homeostasis. A mouse Otp mutation alters hypothalamic neuropeptide expression leading to increased food intake, obesity and anxiety. In severe early onset obesity, we found a heterozygous LOF variant in a patient with attention deficit disorder features. These studies show for the first time that mutations in the Otp/OTP gene cause obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Moir
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Elena G Bochukova
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Rebecca Dumbell
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Gareth Banks
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Rasneer S Bains
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Patrick M Nolan
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Cheryl Scudamore
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Michelle Simon
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Kimberly A Watson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | - Julia Keogh
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Elana Henning
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Audrey Hendricks
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK; Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Colorado-Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | | | - Adrienne E Sullivan
- Department Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David C Bersten
- Department Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Murray L Whitelaw
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Department Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Susan Kirsch
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Bentley
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Roger D Cox
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK.
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Hoffmann A, Özyurt J, Lohle K, Reichel J, Thiel CM, Müller HL. First experiences with neuropsychological effects of oxytocin administration in childhood-onset craniopharyngioma. Endocrine 2017; 56:175-185. [PMID: 28213803 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The hypothalamic hormone oxytocin plays a major role in regulation of behavior and body composition. Quality of survival is frequently impaired in childhood craniopharyngioma patients due to sequelae such as behavioral deficits and severe obesity caused by tumor or treatment-related hypothalamic lesions. METHODS In our pilot cross-sectional study, we analyzed emotion recognition abilities and oxytocin concentrations in saliva and urine before and after single nasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin in 10 craniopharyngioma patients. Four craniopharyngioma presented with grade I lesions (limited to anterior hypothalamic areas) and 6 craniopharyngioma with grade II lesions (involving mammillary bodies and posterior hypothalamic areas). Emotional tasks were assessed before and after administration of oxytocin using the Geneva multimodal emotion portrayals corpus and the Multidimensional Mood Questionnaire. RESULTS All patients presented with detectable levels of oxytocin before administration. Nasal administration of oxytocin was well-tolerated and resulted in increased oxytocin concentrations in saliva and urine. After oxytocin administration, craniopharyngioma patients with postsurgical lesions limited to the anterior hypothalamus area showed improvements in emotional identifications compared to craniopharyngioma patients with lesions of anterior and posterior hypothalamic areas. Focusing on correct assignments to positive and negative emotion categories, craniopharyngioma patients improved assignment to negative emotions. CONCLUSIONS Oxytocin might have positive effects on emotion perception in craniopharyngioma patients with specific lesions of the anterior hypothalamic area. Further studies on larger cohorts are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Hoffmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology / Oncology, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Medical Campus University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 26133, Germany
| | - Jale Özyurt
- Biological Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, 26129, Germany
| | - Kristin Lohle
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology / Oncology, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Medical Campus University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 26133, Germany
| | - Julia Reichel
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology / Oncology, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Medical Campus University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 26133, Germany
| | - Christiane M Thiel
- Biological Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, 26129, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science and Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, 26129, Germany
| | - Hermann L Müller
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology / Oncology, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Medical Campus University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 26133, Germany.
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Current findings on the role of oxytocin in the regulation of food intake. Physiol Behav 2017; 176:31-39. [PMID: 28284882 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the face of the alarming prevalence of obesity and its associated metabolic impairments, it is of high basic and clinical interest to reach a complete understanding of the central nervous pathways that establish metabolic control. In recent years, the hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin, which is primarily known for its involvement in psychosocial processes and reproductive behavior, has received increasing attention as a modulator of metabolic function. Oxytocin administration to the brain of normal-weight animals, but also animals with diet-induced or genetically engineered obesity reduces food intake and body weight, and can also increase energy expenditure. Up to now, only a handful of studies in humans have investigated oxytocin's contribution to the regulation of eating behavior. Relying on the intranasal pathway of oxytocin administration, which is a non-invasive strategy to target central nervous oxytocin receptors, these experiments have yielded some promising first results. In normal-weight and obese individuals, intranasal oxytocin acutely limits meal intake and the consumption of palatable snacks. It is still unclear to which extent - or if at all - such metabolic effects of oxytocin in humans are conveyed or modulated by oxytocin's impact on cognitive processes, in particular on psychosocial function. We shortly summarize the current literature on oxytocin's involvement in food intake and metabolic control, ponder potential links to social and cognitive processes, and address future perspectives as well as limitations of oxytocin administration in experimental and clinical contexts.
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Sack M, Spieler D, Wizelman L, Epple G, Stich J, Zaba M, Schmidt U. Intranasal oxytocin reduces provoked symptoms in female patients with posttraumatic stress disorder despite exerting sympathomimetic and positive chronotropic effects in a randomized controlled trial. BMC Med 2017; 15:40. [PMID: 28209155 PMCID: PMC5314583 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0801-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe psychiatric disease accompanied by neuroendocrine changes such as adrenergic overdrive and hence an elevated cardiovascular morbidity. Current pharmacotherapeutic options for PTSD are less than suboptimal, necessitating the development of PTSD-specific drugs. Although the neuropeptide oxytocin has been repeatedly suggested to be effective in PTSD treatment, there are, to our knowledge, only three studies that have assessed its efficacy on the intensity of PTSD symptoms in PTSD patients - among them one symptom provocation study in male veterans. METHODS To evaluate for the first time how oxytocin influences the intensity of provoked PTSD symptoms and, furthermore, cardiac control in female PTSD patients, we assessed their psychic and cardiac response to trauma-script exposure with and without oxytocin pretreatment in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. We used a within-subject design to study 35 female PTSD patients who received oxytocin and placebo in a 2-week interval. Furthermore, we performed a small pilot study to get an idea of the relation of the stress-modulated endogenous oxytocin levels and heart rate - we correlated oxytocin serum levels with the heart rate of 10 healthy individuals before and after exposure to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). RESULTS Intranasal oxytocin treatment was followed by a reduction of provoked total PTSD symptoms, in particular of avoidance, and by an elevation in baseline and maximum heart rate together with a drop in the pre-ejection period, a marker for sympathetic cardiac control. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between endogenous oxytocin levels and heart rate both before and after TSST challenge in healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence that oxytocin treatment reduces the intensity of provoked PTSD symptoms in female PTSD patients. The small size of both samples and the heterogeneity of the patient sample restrict the generalizability of our findings. Future studies have to explore the gender dependency and the tolerability of the oxytocin-mediated increase in heart rate. This randomized controlled trial was retrospectively registered at the German Trials Register (DRKS00009399) on the 02 October 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sack
- Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Langerstr. 3, 81675, München, Germany
| | - D Spieler
- Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Langerstr. 3, 81675, München, Germany
| | - L Wizelman
- Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Langerstr. 3, 81675, München, Germany
| | - G Epple
- Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Langerstr. 3, 81675, München, Germany
| | - J Stich
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research, RG Molecular Psychotraumatology & Trauma Outpatient Clinic, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804, München, Germany
| | - M Zaba
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research, RG Molecular Psychotraumatology & Trauma Outpatient Clinic, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804, München, Germany
| | - U Schmidt
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research, RG Molecular Psychotraumatology & Trauma Outpatient Clinic, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804, München, Germany.
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Klement J, Ott V, Rapp K, Brede S, Piccinini F, Cobelli C, Lehnert H, Hallschmid M. Oxytocin Improves β-Cell Responsivity and Glucose Tolerance in Healthy Men. Diabetes 2017; 66:264-271. [PMID: 27554476 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In addition to its pivotal role in psychosocial behavior, the hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin contributes to metabolic control by suppressing eating behavior. Its involvement in glucose homeostasis is less clear, although pilot experiments suggest that oxytocin improves glucose homeostasis. We assessed the effect of intranasal oxytocin (24 IU) administered to 29 healthy, fasted male subjects on glucose homeostasis measured by means of an oral glucose tolerance test. Parameters of glucose metabolism were analyzed according to the oral minimal model. Oxytocin attenuated the peak excursion of plasma glucose and augmented the early increases in insulin and C-peptide concentrations in response to the glucose challenge, while slightly blunting insulin and C-peptide peaks. Oral minimal model analyses revealed that oxytocin compared with placebo induced a pronounced increase in β-cell responsivity (PHItotal) that was largely due to an enhanced dynamic response (PHId), and a more than twofold improvement in glucose tolerance (disposition index). Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, glucagon, and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were not or were only marginally affected. These results indicate that oxytocin plays a significant role in the acute regulation of glucose metabolism in healthy humans and render the oxytocin system a potential target of antidiabetic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Klement
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Volker Ott
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kristina Rapp
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Swantje Brede
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Claudio Cobelli
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Manfred Hallschmid
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
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Akour A, Kasabri V, Boulatova N, Bustanji Y, Naffa R, Hyasat D, Khawaja N, Bustanji H, Zayed A, Momani M. Levels of metabolic markers in drug-naive prediabetic and type 2 diabetic patients. Acta Diabetol 2017; 54:163-170. [PMID: 27752839 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-016-0926-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes (pre-DM) are associated with changes in levels of metabolic markers. The main aim of this study is to compare the levels of omentin, irisin, endothelin-1, nesfatin, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), fibroblast growth factor, and oxytocin (OXT) between normoglycemic and pre-DM/T2DM obese Jordanian patients. METHODS One hundred and ninety-eight adult Jordanian subjects were recruited. Demographic data and clinical parameters were collected. The serum levels of biomarkers were measured by enzymatic assay procedure. RESULTS Compared to normoglycemic (95 subjects), pre-DM/T2DM (103 subjects) displayed higher HGF (ng/ml) = 78.8 (71.4-104) versus 55.9 (45.3-66.6), p < 0.0001; and nesfatin (ng/ml) = 0.5 (0.4-0.7) versus 0.2 (0.1-0.4), p < 0.0001; betatrophin (ng/ml) = 1.2 (0.8-1.6) versus 0.22 (0.15-0.41), p < 0.0001. On the other hand, they had lower levels of omentin (ng/ml) = 2.1 (0.9-3.3) versus 3.6 (2.0-6.4), p < 0.0001, irisin (ng/ml) = 113.7 (88.9-142.9) versus 132.6 (110.7-147.8), p < 0.0001; and oxytocin (pg/ml) = 1077.9 (667.3-1506.0) versus 2180.1 (1464.5-2795.6), p < 0.0001; respectively. In comparison, FGF-21 (ng/ml) = 0.3 (0.2-0.5) versus 0.2 (0.1-0.4), and endothelin (pg/ml) = 2.7 (1.3-5.2) versus 2.8 (1.6-5.6) did not differ between the two groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In the present study, patients with pre-DM and T2DM have higher serum levels of metabolic HGF, nesfatin, and betatrophin and lower levels of omentin, irisin, and OXT. Future longitudinal and interventional studies are required to confirm the utility of these markers as novel progression or therapeutic targets in the pharmacotherapy of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Akour
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
| | - Violet Kasabri
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Nailya Boulatova
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Yasser Bustanji
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Randa Naffa
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dana Hyasat
- National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nahla Khawaja
- National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, Amman, Jordan
| | - Haidar Bustanji
- National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ayman Zayed
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Munther Momani
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
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Banerjee P, Joy KP, Chaube R. Structural and functional diversity of nonapeptide hormones from an evolutionary perspective: A review. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 241:4-23. [PMID: 27133544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The article presents an overview of the comparative distribution, structure and functions of the nonapeptide hormones in chordates and non chordates. The review begins with a historical preview of the advent of the concept of neurosecretion and birth of neuroendocrine science, pioneered by the works of E. Scharrer and W. Bargmann. The sections which follow discuss different vertebrate nonapeptides, their distribution, comparison, precursor gene structures and processing, highlighting the major differences in these aspects amidst the conserved features across vertebrates. The vast literature on the anatomical characteristics of the nonapeptide secreting nuclei in the brain and their projections was briefly reviewed in a comparative framework. Recent knowledge on the nonapeptide hormone receptors and their intracellular signaling pathways is discussed and few grey areas which require deeper studies are identified. The sections on the functions and regulation of nonapeptides summarize the huge and ever increasing literature that is available in these areas. The nonapeptides emerge as key homeostatic molecules with complex regulation and several synergistic partners. Lastly, an update of the nonapeptides in non chordates with respect to distribution, site of synthesis, functions and receptors, dealt separately for each phylum, is presented. The non chordate nonapeptides share many similarities with their counterparts in vertebrates, pointing the system to have an ancient origin and to be an important substrate for changes during adaptive evolution. The article concludes projecting the nonapeptides as one of the very first common molecules of the primitive nervous and endocrine systems, which have been retained to maintain homeostatic functions in metazoans; some of which are conserved across the animal kingdom and some are specialized in a group/lineage-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - K P Joy
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682022, India.
| | - R Chaube
- Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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31
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Daubenbüchel AMM, Hoffmann A, Eveslage M, Özyurt J, Lohle K, Reichel J, Thiel CM, Martens H, Geenen V, Müller HL. Oxytocin in survivors of childhood-onset craniopharyngioma. Endocrine 2016; 54:524-531. [PMID: 27585663 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Quality of survival of childhood-onset craniopharyngioma patients is frequently impaired by hypothalamic involvement or surgical lesions sequelae such as obesity and neuropsychological deficits. Oxytocin, a peptide hormone produced in the hypothalamus and secreted by posterior pituitary gland, plays a major role in regulation of behavior and body composition. In a cross-sectional study, oxytocin saliva concentrations were analyzed in 34 long-term craniopharyngioma survivors with and without hypothalamic involvement or treatment-related damage, recruited in the German Childhood Craniopharyngioma Registry, and in 73 healthy controls, attending the Craniopharyngioma Support Group Meeting 2014. Oxytocin was measured in saliva of craniopharyngioma patients and controls before and after standardized breakfast and associations with gender, body mass index, hypothalamic involvement, diabetes insipidus, and irradiation were analyzed. Patients with preoperative hypothalamic involvement showed similar oxytocin levels compared to patients without hypothalamic involvement and controls. However, patients with surgical hypothalamic lesions grade 1 (anterior hypothalamic area) presented with lower levels (p = 0.017) of oxytocin under fasting condition compared to patients with surgical lesion of posterior hypothalamic areas (grade 2) and patients without hypothalamic lesions (grade 0). Craniopharyngioma patients' changes in oxytocin levels before and after breakfast correlated (p = 0.02) with their body mass index. Craniopharyngioma patients continue to secrete oxytocin, especially when anterior hypothalamic areas are not involved or damaged, but oxytocin shows less variation due to nutrition. Oxytocin supplementation should be explored as a therapeutic option in craniopharyngioma patients with hypothalamic obesity and/or behavioral pathologies due to lesions of specific anterior hypothalamic areas. Clinical trial number: KRANIOPHARYNGEOM 2000/2007(NCT00258453; NCT01272622).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M M Daubenbüchel
- Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Medical Campus University Oldenburg, 26133 , Oldenburg, Germany
- University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, 9712 , Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anika Hoffmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Medical Campus University Oldenburg, 26133 , Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Maria Eveslage
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Münster, 48149 , Münster, Germany
| | - Jale Özyurt
- Biological Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26129 , Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Lohle
- Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Medical Campus University Oldenburg, 26133 , Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Julia Reichel
- Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Medical Campus University Oldenburg, 26133 , Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christiane M Thiel
- Biological Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26129 , Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science and Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Carl von Ossietzky University, 26129 , Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Henri Martens
- GIGA-I3 Center of Immunoendocrinology, University of Liege Liege-Sart Tilman, 4000 , Liege, Belgium
| | - Vincent Geenen
- GIGA-I3 Center of Immunoendocrinology, University of Liege Liege-Sart Tilman, 4000 , Liege, Belgium
| | - Hermann L Müller
- Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Medical Campus University Oldenburg, 26133 , Oldenburg, Germany.
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Oxytocin, a main breastfeeding hormone, prevents hypertension acquired in utero: A therapeutics preview. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:3071-3084. [PMID: 27658996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for ischemic heart disease and stroke, leading causes of morbidity and death worldwide. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), caused by an excess of glucocorticoid exposure to the fetus, produces an imbalance in oxidative stress altering many biochemical and epigenetic gene transcription processes exposing the fetus and neonate to the 'thrifty' phenotype and pervasive polymorphisms appearance damaging health, cognitive, and behavioral processes in later life. OT is a major regulator of oxidative stress radicals that plays a major role in neonatal maturation of the central nervous system and many peripheral tissues expressing oxytocin/oxytocin-receptor (OT/OTR) system in the early postnatal period. OT and OTR are damaged by IUGR and early stress. This review highlights the fact that hypertension is likely to be a legacy of preterm birth due to IUGR and failure to meet nutritional needs in early infancy when fed formula instead of breastfeeding or human milk.
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Abstract
The posterior pituitary gland secretes oxytocin and vasopressin (the antidiuretic hormone) into the blood system. Oxytocin is required for normal delivery of the young and for delivery of milk to the young during lactation. Vasopressin increases water reabsorption in the kidney to maintain body fluid balance and causes vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure. Oxytocin and vasopressin secretion occurs from the axon terminals of magnocellular neurons whose cell bodies are principally found in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus. The physiological functions of oxytocin and vasopressin depend on their secretion, which is principally determined by the pattern of action potentials initiated at the cell bodies. Appropriate secretion of oxytocin and vasopressin to meet the challenges of changing physiological conditions relies mainly on integration of afferent information on reproductive, osmotic, and cardiovascular status with local regulation of magnocellular neurons by glia as well as intrinsic regulation by the magnocellular neurons themselves. This review focuses on the control of magnocellular neuron activity with a particular emphasis on their regulation by reproductive function, body fluid balance, and cardiovascular status. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1701-1741, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin H Brown
- Brain Health Research Centre, Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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34
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Erdman SE, Poutahidis T. Microbes and Oxytocin: Benefits for Host Physiology and Behavior. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 131:91-126. [PMID: 27793228 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is now understood that gut bacteria exert effects beyond the local boundaries of the gastrointestinal tract to include distant tissues and overall health. Prototype probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri has been found to upregulate hormone oxytocin and systemic immune responses to achieve a wide array of health benefits involving wound healing, mental health, metabolism, and myoskeletal maintenance. Together these display that the gut microbiome and host animal interact via immune-endocrine-brain signaling networks. Such findings provide novel therapeutic strategies to stimulate powerful homeostatic pathways and genetic programs, stemming from the coevolution of mammals and their microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Erdman
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - T Poutahidis
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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35
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Thienel M, Fritsche A, Heinrichs M, Peter A, Ewers M, Lehnert H, Born J, Hallschmid M. Oxytocin's inhibitory effect on food intake is stronger in obese than normal-weight men. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1707-1714. [PMID: 27553712 PMCID: PMC5116063 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Animal studies and pilot experiments in men indicate that the hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin limits food intake, and raise the question of its potential to improve metabolic control in obesity. Subjects/Methods: We compared the effect of central nervous oxytocin administration (24 IU) via the intranasal route on ingestive behaviour and metabolic function in 18 young obese men with the results in a group of 20 normal-weight men. In double-blind, placebo-controlled experiments, ad libitum food intake from a test buffet was examined in fasted subjects 45 min after oxytocin administration, followed by the assessment of postprandial, reward-driven snack intake. Energy expenditure was repeatedly assessed by indirect calorimetry and blood was sampled to determine concentrations of blood glucose and hormones. Results: Oxytocin markedly reduced hunger-driven food intake in the fasted state in obese but not in normal-weight men, and led to a reduction in snack consumption in both groups, whereas energy expenditure remained generally unaffected. Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis secretion and the postprandial rise in plasma glucose were blunted by oxytocin in both groups. Conclusions: Oxytocin exerts an acutely inhibitory impact on food intake that is enhanced rather than decreased in obese compared with normal-weight men. This pattern puts it in contrast to other metabolically active neuropeptides and bodes well for clinical applications of oxytocin in the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thienel
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Fritsche
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Heinrichs
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory for Biological and Personality Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Peter
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Ewers
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - H Lehnert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - J Born
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Hallschmid
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Pitra S, Feng Y, Stern JE. Mechanisms underlying prorenin actions on hypothalamic neurons implicated in cardiometabolic control. Mol Metab 2016; 5:858-868. [PMID: 27688999 PMCID: PMC5034613 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension and obesity are highly interrelated diseases, being critical components of the metabolic syndrome. Despite the growing prevalence of this syndrome in the world population, efficient therapies are still missing. Thus, identification of novel targets and therapies are warranted. An enhanced activity of the hypothalamic renin-angiotensin system (RAS), including the recently discovered prorenin (PR) and its receptor (PRR), has been implicated as a common mechanism underlying aberrant sympatho-humoral activation that contributes to both metabolic and cardiovascular dysregulation in the metabolic syndrome. Still, the identification of precise neuronal targets, cellular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying PR/PRR actions in cardiovascular- and metabolic related hypothalamic nuclei remain unknown. Methods and results Using a multidisciplinary approach including patch-clamp electrophysiology, live calcium imaging and immunohistochemistry, we aimed to elucidate cellular mechanisms underlying PR/PRR actions within the hypothalamic supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN), key brain areas previously involved in cardiometabolic regulation. We show for the first time that PRR is expressed in magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs), and to a lesser extent, in presympathetic PVN neurons (PVNPS). Moreover, we show that while PRR activation efficiently stimulates the firing activity of both MNCs and PVNPS neurons, these effects involved AngII-independent and AngII-dependent mechanisms, respectively. In both cases however, PR excitatory effects involved an increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels and a Ca2+-dependent inhibition of a voltage-gated K+ current. Conclusions We identified novel neuronal targets and cellular mechanisms underlying PR/PRR actions in critical hypothalamic neurons involved in cardiometabolic regulation. This fundamental mechanistic information regarding central PR/PRR actions is essential for the development of novel RAS-based therapeutic targets for the treatment of cardiometabolic disorders in obesity and hypertension. PRR is expressed in SON and PVN neurosecretory and presympathetic neurons. PRR activation stimulates firing activity of SON and PVN neurons. PR/PRR effects on neurosecretory neurons are AngII-independent. PR/PRR effects on presympathetic neurons are AngII-dependent. PR inhibits a voltage-gated K+ current in a Ca2+-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Pitra
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, United States
| | - Yumei Feng
- Departments of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Nevada School of Medicine, United States
| | - Javier E Stern
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, United States.
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Matsuura T, Kawasaki M, Hashimoto H, Ishikura T, Yoshimura M, Ohkubo JI, Maruyama T, Motojima Y, Sabanai K, Mori T, Ohnishi H, Sakai A, Ueta Y. Fluorescent Visualisation of Oxytocin in the Hypothalamo-neurohypophysial/-spinal Pathways After Chronic Inflammation in Oxytocin-Monomeric Red Fluorescent Protein 1 Transgenic Rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:636-46. [PMID: 25943916 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OXT) is a well-known neurohypophysial hormone that is synthesised in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON) of the hypothalamus. The projection of magnocellular neurosecretory cells, which synthesise OXT and arginine vasopressin in the PVN and SON, to the posterior pituitary plays an essential role in mammalian labour and lactation through its peripheral action. However, previous studies have shown that parvocellular OXTergic cells in the PVN, which project to the medulla and spinal cord, are involved in various physiological functions (e.g. sensory modulation and autonomic). In the present study, we examined OXT expression in the PVN, SON and spinal cord after chronic inflammation from adjuvant arthritis (AA). We used transgenic rats that express OXT and the monomeric red fluorescent protein 1 (mRFP1) fusion gene to visualise both the magnocellular and parvocellular OXTergic pathways. OXT-mRFP1 fluorescence intensity was significantly increased in the PVN, SON, dorsal horn of the spinal cord and posterior pituitary in AA rats. The levels of OXT-mRFP1 mRNA were significantly increased in the PVN and SON of AA rats. These results suggested that OXT was up-regulated in both hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory cells and parvocellular cells by chronic inflammation, and also that OXT in the PVN-spinal pathway may be involved in sensory modulation. OXT-mRFP1 transgenic rats are a very useful model for visualising the OXTergic pathways from vesicles in a single cell to terminals in in vitro preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Matsuura
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - M Kawasaki
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - H Hashimoto
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - T Ishikura
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - M Yoshimura
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - J-I Ohkubo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - T Maruyama
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Y Motojima
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - K Sabanai
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - T Mori
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - H Ohnishi
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - A Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Y Ueta
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Sladek CD, Michelini LC, Stachenfeld NS, Stern JE, Urban JH. Endocrine‐Autonomic Linkages. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:1281-323. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Kujath AS, Quinn L, Elliott ME, Varady KA, LeCaire TJ, Carter CS, Danielson KK. Oxytocin levels are lower in premenopausal women with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared with matched controls. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:102-12. [PMID: 25044726 PMCID: PMC4286520 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxytocin, a hormone most commonly associated with parturition and lactation, may have additional roles in diabetes complications. We determined oxytocin levels in premenopausal women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) compared with non-diabetic controls and examined associations of oxytocin with health behaviours, clinical factors, biomarkers, kidney function and bone health. Lower oxytocin was hypothesized for T1DM. METHODS A cross-sectional study of premenopausal women with T1DM (n = 88) from the Wisconsin Diabetes Registry Study, a population-based cohort of incident T1DM cases, and matched non-diabetic controls (n = 74) was conducted. RESULTS Women with T1DM had lower oxytocin levels than controls adjusting for caffeine and alcohol use (p = 0.03). Health behaviours associated with oxytocin differed between women with and without T1DM: oxytocin was negatively associated with hormonal contraceptive use (quantified as lifetime contraceptive oestrogen exposure) in women with T1DM (p = 0.003), whereas positively related to hormonal contraceptive use (quantified as never/former/current) in controls (p < 0.001). Oxytocin had a positive association with adiposity (waist-to-hip ratio and leptin) in women with T1DM and a negative relationship with adiposity (weight gain) in controls. In T1DM only, oxytocin was positively associated with caffeine intake (p = 0.01) and negatively associated with alcohol use (p = 0.01). Oxytocin was not related to glycemic control, kidney function or bone health in T1DM. CONCLUSIONS Oxytocin levels are lower in women with T1DM than matched controls. Oxytocin also has opposing associations with hormonal contraceptives and adiposity in women with and without T1DM. Research is needed to determine if the altered oxytocin milieu in T1DM is associated with oxytocinher health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber S. Kujath
- College of Nursing, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Lauretta Quinn
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Mary E. Elliott
- Pharmacy Practice Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Krista A. Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Tamara J. LeCaire
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - C. Sue Carter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kirstie K. Danielson
- Divisions of Transplant Surgery and Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago
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Christensen JC, Shiyanov PA, Estepp JR, Schlager JJ. Lack of association between human plasma oxytocin and interpersonal trust in a Prisoner's Dilemma paradigm. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116172. [PMID: 25549255 PMCID: PMC4280178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Expanding interest in oxytocin, particularly the role of endogenous oxytocin in human social behavior, has created a pressing need for replication of results and verification of assay methods. In this study, we sought to replicate and extend previous results correlating plasma oxytocin with trust and trustworthy behavior. As a necessary first step, the two most commonly used commercial assays were compared in human plasma via the addition of a known quantity of exogenous oxytocin, with and without sample extraction. Plasma sample extraction was found to be critical in obtaining repeatable concentrations of oxytocin. In the subsequent trust experiment, twelve samples in duplicate, from each of 82 participants, were collected over approximately six hours during the performance of a Prisoner’s Dilemma task paradigm that stressed human interpersonal trust. We found no significant relationship between plasma oxytocin concentrations and trusting or trustworthy behavior. In light of these findings, previous published work that used oxytocin immunoassays without sample extraction should be reexamined and future research exploring links between endogenous human oxytocin and trust or social behavior should proceed with careful consideration of methods and appropriate biofluids for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C. Christensen
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Pavel A. Shiyanov
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Justin R. Estepp
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, United States of America
| | - John J. Schlager
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, United States of America
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Vargas-Martínez F, Uvnäs-Moberg K, Petersson M, Olausson HA, Jiménez-Estrada I. Neuropeptides as neuroprotective agents: Oxytocin a forefront developmental player in the mammalian brain. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 123:37-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kenkel WM, Yee JR, Carter CS. Is oxytocin a maternal-foetal signalling molecule at birth? Implications for development. J Neuroendocrinol 2014; 26:739-49. [PMID: 25059673 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptide oxytocin was first noted for its capacity to promote uterine contractions and facilitate delivery in mammals. The study of oxytocin has grown to include awareness that this peptide is a neuromodulator with broad effects throughout the body. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxytocin is a powerful signal to the foetus, helping to prepare the offspring for the extrauterine environment. Concurrently, the use of exogenous oxytocin or other drugs to manipulate labour has become common practice. The use of oxytocin to expedite labour and minimise blood loss improves both infant and maternal survival under some conditions. However, further investigations are needed to assess the developmental consequences of changes in oxytocin, such as those associated with pre-eclampsia or obstetric manipulations associated with birth. This review focuses on the role of endogenous and exogenous oxytocin as a neurochemical signal to the foetal nervous system. We also examine the possible developmental consequences, including those associated with autism spectrum disorder, that arise from exogenous oxytocin supplementation during labour.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Kenkel
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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Lawson EA, Ackerman KE, Slattery M, Marengi DA, Clarke H, Misra M. Oxytocin secretion is related to measures of energy homeostasis in young amenorrheic athletes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E881-5. [PMID: 24606095 PMCID: PMC4010698 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-4136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Oxytocin has been implicated in the modulation of energy metabolism in animals. Oxytocin knockout mice develop obesity without a change in food intake, suggesting that a lack of oxytocin may reduce metabolic rate. Furthermore, administration of oxytocin centrally reduces food intake in rats, an effect reversed by an oxytocin antagonist, implying that oxytocin may regulate appetite and energy intake. We have previously demonstrated that young female athletes (in a higher energy expenditure state than nonathletes) have low nocturnal oxytocin compared with nonathletes. Whether oxytocin is associated with measures of energy homeostasis in athletes is unknown. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that oxytocin, a signal for energy availability, would be associated with other measures of energy homeostasis in young female athletes. DESIGN AND SETTING We performed a cross-sectional study of 45 females, aged 14-21 years [15 amenorrheic athletes (AA), 15 eumenorrheic athletes, and 15 nonathletes] of comparable body mass index. METHODS Dual x-ray absorptiometry was performed to assess body composition. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure resting energy expenditure (REE). Fasting levels of oxytocin, energy homeostasis hormones irisin and fibroblast growth factor-21, and appetite-regulating hormone peptide YY were obtained. RESULTS In AA, oxytocin secretion was positively correlated with surrogate measures of energy availability, including weight (r = 0.65, P = .009) and body mass index (r = 0.61, P = .016). Furthermore, oxytocin was associated with REE (r = 0.80, P = .0003), independent of lean mass, and with irisin (r = 0.74, P = .002) and fibroblast growth factor-21 (r = 0.58, P = .024). In eumenorrheic athletes, oxytocin was associated with REE (r = 0.59, P = .021), independent of lean mass. In nonathletes, oxytocin secretion was not significantly associated with measures of energy homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS In AA, oxytocin secretion is associated with measures of energy availability and expenditure, suggesting that oxytocin may be involved in regulation of energy balance in energy deficient states. Further studies determining the role of oxytocin in appetite and energy homeostasis in athletes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Lawson
- Neuroendocrine Unit (E.A.L., K.E.A., M.S., D.A.M., H.C., M.M.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and Pediatric Endocrine Unit (M.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts 02114; and Division of Sports Medicine (K.E.A.), Department of Orthopedics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts 02115
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Abstract
Obesity and its associated metabolic disorders are growing health concerns in the US and worldwide. In the US alone, more than two-thirds of the adult population is classified as either overweight or obese [1], highlighting the need to develop new, effective treatments for these conditions. Whereas the hormone oxytocin is well known for its peripheral effects on uterine contraction during parturition and milk ejection during lactation, release of oxytocin from somatodendrites and axonal terminals within the central nervous system (CNS) is implicated in both the formation of prosocial behaviors and in the control of energy balance. Recent findings demonstrate that chronic administration of oxytocin reduces food intake and body weight in diet-induced obese (DIO) and genetically obese rodents with impaired or defective leptin signaling. Importantly, chronic systemic administration of oxytocin out to 6 weeks recapitulates the effects of central administration on body weight loss in DIO rodents at doses that do not result in the development of tolerance. Furthermore, these effects are coupled with induction of Fos (a marker of neuronal activation) in hindbrain areas (e.g. dorsal vagal complex (DVC)) linked to the control of meal size and forebrain areas (e.g. hypothalamus, amygdala) linked to the regulation of food intake and body weight. This review assesses the potential central and peripheral targets by which oxytocin may inhibit body weight gain, its regulation by anorexigenic and orexigenic signals, and its potential use as a therapy that can circumvent leptin resistance and reverse the behavioral and metabolic abnormalities associated with DIO and genetically obese models.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Blevins
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA,
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Microbial symbionts accelerate wound healing via the neuropeptide hormone oxytocin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78898. [PMID: 24205344 PMCID: PMC3813596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing capability is inextricably linked with diverse aspects of physical fitness ranging from recovery after minor injuries and surgery to diabetes and some types of cancer. Impact of the microbiome upon the mammalian wound healing process is poorly understood. We discover that supplementing the gut microbiome with lactic acid microbes in drinking water accelerates the wound-healing process to occur in half the time required for matched control animals. Further, we find that Lactobacillus reuteri enhances wound-healing properties through up-regulation of the neuropeptide hormone oxytocin, a factor integral in social bonding and reproduction, by a vagus nerve-mediated pathway. Bacteria-triggered oxytocin serves to activate host CD4+Foxp3+CD25+ immune T regulatory cells conveying transplantable wound healing capacity to naive Rag2-deficient animals. This study determined oxytocin to be a novel component of a multi-directional gut microbe-brain-immune axis, with wound-healing capability as a previously unrecognized output of this axis. We also provide experimental evidence to support long-standing medical traditions associating diet, social practices, and the immune system with efficient recovery after injury, sustained good health, and longevity.
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Abstract
The story of oxytocin (OXT) began long ago in evolutionary terms with its recognition as a classical neurohypophyseal hormone important for lactation and uterine contraction. With the recent discovery of its local actions in the brain, its previously-unappreciated diverse functions in regulating social behaviors and metabolic physiology are emerging. In light of metabolic control, OXT has been shown to induce feeding restriction and body weight lowering through acting on brain regulatory regions, in particular the hypothalamus. Studies from pharmacologic interventions and genetic manipulations demonstrated that OXT can play significant roles in affecting glucose metabolism as well as insulin secretion and lipolysis, many of those functions being regulated both centrally and peripherally. Also excitingly, recent therapeutic success was obtained in clinical endeavor showing that OXT nasal spray effectively induced weight loss and metabolic improvement in human patients with obesity, thus further indicating OXT as a tangible drug target for treating obesity and metabolic complications. In addition to the native form, OXT-derived analogues have been found effective in inducing body weight control and glucose balance. Altogether, all recent advances in studying OXT and metabolic regulation has promoted a promising foundation for the therapeutic strategy of developing innovative OXT peptidyl drugs for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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