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Dong J, Liu C, Lu J, Wang L, Xie S, Ji L, Lu B. The relationship between sex hormone-binding protein and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using Mendelian randomisation. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14082. [PMID: 37605959 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing annually with the improvement of living standards. Numerous epidemiological observations have linked sex hormone-binding protein (SHBG) levels to NAFLD. However, evidence of the causal role of SHBG in the development and progression of NAFLD is still absent. Therefore, a systematic assessment of the causal relationship is needed. METHOD A two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis was conducted. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for SHBG were obtained online from the IEU database (ebi-a-GCST90012111) as exposure. GWAS data from the NAFLD of the Finngen consortium were used for preliminary analysis, while NAFLD data from another GWAS involving 8434 participants were used for replication and meta-analyses. Causal effects were investigated with inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median and MR-Egger regression. Sensitivity analyses including Cochran's Q test, leave-one-out analysis and MR-Egger intercept analysis were simultaneously conducted to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy. RESULTS After rigorous selection, 179 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified as strongly correlated instrumental variables. Preliminary analysis suggested a significant causal relationship between genetically determined serum SHBG levels and NAFLD [odds ratio (OR) IVW = .54, 95% confidence interval (CI) = .30-.98, p = .043], supported by the results of the replication analysis (ORIVW = .61, 95% CI = .46-.81, p = .0006) and further meta-analysis (OR = .59, 95% CI = .46-.77, p < .0001). CONCLUSION The genetic tendency to high levels of SHBG was causally correlated with a reduced risk of NAFLD, indicating that circulating high levels of SHBG was a protective factor for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Dong
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Chenming Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Lu
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Luna Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shisheng Xie
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Lichao Ji
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Baochun Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
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Bourebaba L, Zyzak M, Sikora M, Serwotka-Suszczak A, Mularczyk M, Al Naem M, Marycz K. Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) Maintains Proper Equine Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells (ASCs)' Metabolic Functions and Negatively Regulates their Basal Adipogenic Potential. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2251-2273. [PMID: 37402098 PMCID: PMC10579166 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) deteriorated expression has been recently strongly correlated to increased level of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance, which are typical manifestations of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS). Despite previous reports demonstrated the potential therapeutic application of SHBG for liver-related dysfunctions, whether SHBG might modulate equine adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (EqASCs) metabolic machinery remains unknown. Therefore, we evaluated for the first time the impact of SHBG protein on metabolic changes in ASCs isolated from healthy horses. METHODS Beforehand, SHBG protein expression has been experimentally lowered using a predesigned siRNA in EqASCs to verify its metabolic implications and potential therapeutic value. Then, apoptosis profile, oxidative stress, mitochondrial network dynamics and basal adipogenic potential have been evaluated using various molecular and analytical techniques. RESULTS The SHBG knockdown altered the proliferative and metabolic activity of EqASCs, while dampening basal apoptosis via Bax transcript suppression. Furthermore, the cells treated with siRNA were characterized by senescent phenotype, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide, as well as decreased mitochondrial potential that was shown by mitochondrial membrane depolarization and lower expression of key mitophagy factors: PINK, PARKIN and MFN. The addition of SHBG protein reversed the impaired and senescent phenotype of EMS-like cells that was proven by enhanced proliferative activity, reduced apoptosis resistance, lower ROS accumulation and greater mitochondrial dynamics, which is proposed to be related to a normalization of Bax expression. Crucially, SHBG silencing enhanced the expression of key pro-adipogenic effectors, while decreased the abundance of anti-adipogenic factors namely HIF1-α and FABP4. The addition of exogenous SHBG further depleted the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα and restored the levels of FABP4 and HIF1-α evoking a strong inhibitory potential toward ASCs adipogenesis. CONCLUSION Herein, we provide for the first time the evidence that SHBG protein in importantly involved in various key metabolic pathways governing EqASCs functions, and more importantly we showed that SHBG negatively affect the basal adipogenic potential of tested ASCs through a FABP4-dependant pathway, and provide thus new insights for the development of potential anti-obesity therapeutic approach in both animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zyzak
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Sikora
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Serwotka-Suszczak
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Malwina Mularczyk
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mohamad Al Naem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic - Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Liao Z, Vosberg DE, Pausova Z, Paus T. A Shifting Relationship Between Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Total Testosterone Across Puberty in Boys. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e4187-e4196. [PMID: 35965384 PMCID: PMC9516180 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is associated with levels of total testosterone (total-T), and both total-T and SHBG are associated with obesity. OBJECTIVE We aimed to clarify the nature of the relationship between testosterone and SHBG and improve our understanding of their relationships with obesity. We hypothesize that the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis contributes to the homeostasis of testosterone by increasing the production of gonadal testosterone through a feedback mechanism that might operate differently at different pubertal stages. METHODS We investigated the dynamics of the relationship between SHBG, total-T, and body mass index (BMI) throughout puberty (from age 9 to 17) using longitudinal data obtained in 507 males. The directionality of this relationship was explored using polygenic scores of SHBG and total-T, and a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) in male adults. RESULTS Consistent with our hypothesis, we found positive relationships between SHBG and total-T at age 15 and 17 but either no relationship or a negative relationship during the earlier time points. Such shifting relationships explained age-related changes in the association between total-T and BMI. Polygenic scores of SHBG and total-T in mediation analyses and the two-sample MR in male adults suggested an effect of SHBG on total-T but also a somewhat weaker effect of total-T on SHBG. Two-sample MR also showed an effect of BMI on SHBG but no effect of SHBG on BMI. CONCLUSION These results clarify the nature of the relationship between testosterone and SHBG during puberty and adulthood and shed new light on their possible relationship with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Liao
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Daniel E Vosberg
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- Research Institute of the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Tomas Paus
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G3, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
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Mo MQ, Huang ZC, Yang ZH, Liao YH, Xia N, Pan L. Relationship between total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin levels and the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in males: a meta-analysis. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2022; 13:20420188221106879. [PMID: 35785018 PMCID: PMC9240586 DOI: 10.1177/20420188221106879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, many studies have reported the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and sex hormones, especially total testosterone (TT) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). However, the relationship between sex hormones and the severity of NAFLD is still unclear. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, WanFang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and VIP databases were searched for relevant studies from inception to 31 August 2021. Values of weighted mean differences (WMDs) and odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were combined by Stata 12.0 software to evaluate the relationship between TT, SHBG and the severity of NAFLD in males. RESULTS A total of 2995 patients with NAFLD from 10 published cross-sectional studies were included for further analysis. The meta-analysis indicated that the moderate-severe group had a lower TT than the mild group in males with NAFLD (WMD: -0.35 ng/ml, 95% CI = -0.50 to -0.20). TT and SHBG were important risk factors of moderate-severe NAFLD in males (ORTT = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.73 to 0.86; ORSHBG = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.12 to 0.39; p < 0.001). Moreover, when the analysis was limited to men older than age 50, SHBG levels were lower in those with moderate-severe disease (WMD: -11.32 nmol/l, 95% CI = -14.23 to -8.40); while for men with body mass index (BMI) >27 kg/m2, moderate-severe NAFLD had higher SHBG levels than those with mild disease (WMD: 1.20 nmol/l, 95% CI = -2.01 to 4.42). CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis shows that lower TT is associated with the severity of NAFLD in males, while the relationship between SHBG and severity of NAFLD is still to be further verified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhen-Hua Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yun-Hua Liao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Kornicka-Garbowska K, Bourebaba L, Röcken M, Marycz K. Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) Mitigates ER Stress in Hepatocytes In Vitro and Ex Vivo. Cells 2021; 10:755. [PMID: 33808055 PMCID: PMC8066020 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite multiple research studies regarding metabolic syndrome and diabetes, the full picture of their molecular background and pathogenies remains elusive. The latest studies revealed that sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)-a serum protein released mainly by the liver-may participate in metabolic dysregulation, as its low serum level correlates with a risk for obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Yet, the molecular phenomenon linking SHBG with these disorders remains unclear. In the presented study, we investigate how exogenous SHBG affects metabolically impaired hepatocytes with special attention to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and lipid metabolism both in vitro and ex vivo. For that reason, palmitate-treated HepG2 cells and liver tissue samples collected post mortem were cultured in the presence of 50 nM and 100 nM SHBG. We found that SHBG protects against ER stress development and its progression. We have found that SHBG decreased the expression levels of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (CHOP), and immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein (BIP). Furthermore, we have shown that it regulates lipolytic gene expression ex vivo. Additionally, herein, we deliver a novel large-animal model to study SHBG in translational research. Our data provide new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which SHBG modulates hepatocyte metabolism and offer a new experimental approach to study SHBG in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kornicka-Garbowska
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B Street, A7 Building, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (K.K.-G.); (L.B.)
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa, 11, Malin, 55-114 Wisznia Mała, Poland
| | - Lynda Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B Street, A7 Building, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (K.K.-G.); (L.B.)
| | - Michael Röcken
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic—Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Gießen, Germany;
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B Street, A7 Building, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (K.K.-G.); (L.B.)
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa, 11, Malin, 55-114 Wisznia Mała, Poland
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Exercise training and burdock root (Arctium lappa L.) extract independently improve abdominal obesity and sex hormones in elderly women with metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5175. [PMID: 33664334 PMCID: PMC7933410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) is increasing among the elderly, and new lifestyle-based treatment strategies are warranted. We conducted a randomized, double-blind controlled trial of the effects of aquatic exercise (AE) and/or consumption of burdock root extract (BE) on body composition and serum sex hormones, i.e., testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) in elderly women with MS. The percentage of abdominal fat was decreased in the AE group. Waist circumference was increased in the control (CON) group, but not in the other groups. SHBG and estradiol levels were enhanced by both AE and BE and correlated with changes in fat-related body composition. DHEA-S levels only increased in the BE group, which was consistent with changes in lean body mass. Testosterone levels decreased in the CON group, which correlated with changes in lean body mass, skeletal muscle mass, body fat, and waist circumference. Our findings suggested that the combined AE/BE intervention exerted no synergistic and/or additive effects on any sex-related outcome measures in elderly women with MS.
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Basualto-Alarcón C, Llanos P, García-Rivas G, Troncoso MF, Lagos D, Barrientos G, Estrada M. Classic and Novel Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Effects on the Cardiovascular System in Men. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:5527973. [PMID: 34335746 PMCID: PMC8318754 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5527973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In men, 70% of circulating testosterone binds with high affinity to plasma sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), which determines its bioavailability in their target cells. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has shown that circulating SHBG not only is a passive carrier for steroid hormones but also actively regulates testosterone signaling through putative plasma membrane receptors and by local expression of androgen-binding proteins apparently to reach local elevated testosterone concentrations in specific androgen target tissues. Circulating SHBG levels are influenced by metabolic and hormonal factors, and they are reduced in obesity and insulin resistance, suggesting that SHBG may have a broader clinical utility in assessing the risk for cardiovascular diseases. Importantly, plasma SHBG levels are strongly correlated with testosterone concentrations, and in men, low testosterone levels are associated with an adverse cardiometabolic profile. Although obesity and insulin resistance are associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, whether they lead to abnormal expression of circulating SHBG or its interaction with androgen signaling remains to be elucidated. SHBG is produced mainly in the liver, but it can also be expressed in several tissues including the brain, fat tissue, and myocardium. Expression of SHBG is controlled by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK/PPAR interaction is critical to regulate hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 (HNF4), a prerequisite for SHBG upregulation. In cardiomyocytes, testosterone activates AMPK and PPARs. Therefore, the description of local expression of cardiac SHBG and its circulating levels may shed new light to explain physiological and adverse cardiometabolic roles of androgens in different tissues. According to emerging clinical evidence, here, we will discuss the potential mechanisms with cardioprotective effects and SHBG levels to be used as an early metabolic and cardiovascular biomarker in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Basualto-Alarcón
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Aysén, Coyhaique 5951537, Chile
- Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - Paola Llanos
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerardo García-Rivas
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Centro de Medicina Funcional, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León 66278, Mexico
| | - Mayarling Francisca Troncoso
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - Daniel Lagos
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - Genaro Barrientos
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - Manuel Estrada
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
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Qu X, Donnelly R. Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) as an Early Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8191. [PMID: 33139661 PMCID: PMC7663738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a glycoprotein produced by the liver that binds sex steroids with high affinity and specificity. Clinical observations and reports in the literature have suggested a negative correlation between circulating SHBG levels and markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance. Decreased SHBG levels increase the bioavailability of androgens, which in turn leads to progression of ovarian pathology, anovulation and the phenotypic characteristics of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). This review will use a case report to illustrate the inter-relationships between SHBG, NAFLD and PCOS. In particular, we will review the evidence that low hepatic SHBG production may be a key step in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence that serum SHBG levels may be useful as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for managing women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqin Qu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Richard Donnelly
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK;
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Saez-Lopez C, Villena JA, Simó R, Selva DM. Sex hormone-binding globulin overexpression protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity in transgenic male mice. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 85:108480. [PMID: 32795655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Obese subjects of all ages and sex have reduced plasma SHBG levels. Whether these low plasma SHBG levels play a role in obesity development is unknown. In the present work we wanted to explore if SHBG overexpression could prevent obesity development induced by high fat diet (HFD). To do so, we fed humanized SHBG transgenic male mice and their wild-type littermates with control diet (CD) or HFD over the course of 8 weeks. The results showed that SHBG overexpression protected against body weight gain and fat accumulation induced by HFD. In addition, SHBG overexpression also abrogated the increase in insulin, leptin and resistin levels, as well as the reduction in adiponectin, induced by HFD. Mechanistically, the SHBG protection against HFD-induced obesity was achieved by stimulating lipolysis in white adipose tissue. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the SHBG cell-autonomous effect using human primary visceral adipocytes. Taking together, our results demonstrate that SHBG overexpression protects against diet-induced obesity and improves the metabolic profile of male mice fed a HFD diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Saez-Lopez
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep A Villena
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David M Selva
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain.
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Xu Y, Ma X, Shen Y, Wang Y, Zhou J, Bao Y. Influence of Sex Hormones on the Relationship Between Body Fat and Glycated Albumin Levels. J Sex Med 2020; 17:903-910. [PMID: 32173622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that glycated albumin (GA) is affected by body fat distribution. Sex hormones are reported to play an important role in fat metabolism. AIM This study aimed to explore the influence of sex hormones on the relationship between body fat and GA in a community population. METHODS We recruited 763 middle-aged and elderly subjects with normal glucose tolerance from communities. GA was determined using the enzyme method, and serum estradiol (E2), total testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were detected using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays. OUTCOME There was a statistically significant association between SHBG and GA remained after adjusting for body fat in both men and women. RESULTS The average serum GA levels were 13.40 ± 1.10% in the 298 men and 465 postmenopausal women included in this study. GA presented a significant downward trend with increasing quartiles of total fat mass (FM), limb FM, and trunk FM in both men and women (all P for trend < .01). In men, total testosterone, free testosterone, and SHBG were positively correlated with GA (both P < .01), and the correlation between SHBG and GA remained after adjusting for body fat (P < .01). In women, E2, free testosterone, bioactive testosterone, and SHBG were correlated with GA (all P < .01); furthermore, the positive correlation between SHBG and GA and the inverse correlation between E2 and GA remained after adjusting for body fat (both P < .05). Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that in addition to trunk FM, SHBG was positively correlated with GA in both men and women (standardized β = 0.136, P = .035; standardized β = 0.101, P = .033); however, E2 was not independently correlated with GA in women. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS SHBG may contribute to the influence of body fat, especially trunk fat on GA levels. STRENGTHS & IMPLICATIONS This study used an automated bioelectrical impedance analyzer to measure segmental body composition including limb FM and trunk FM and further investigated the role of segmental body fat in the correlation between SHBG and GA. Sex hormones may explain in part why body fat content and distribution can alter GA levels. CONCLUSION SHBG is positively correlated with serum GA levels, and this correlation is independent of total or segmental body fat. Xu Y, Ma X, Shen Y, et al. Influence of Sex Hormones on the Relationship Between Body Fat and Glycated Albumin Levels. J Sex Med 2020;17:903-910.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
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Price JC, Wang R, Seaberg EC, Brown TT, Budoff MJ, Kingsley LA, Palella FJ, Witt MD, Post WS, Lake JE, Thio CL. Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Levels Are Inversely Associated With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in HIV-Infected and -Uninfected Men. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz468. [PMID: 32128321 PMCID: PMC7047947 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of liver disease worldwide. Elevated sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels have been observed in the setting of HIV and may protect against some metabolic disorders. We aimed to investigate whether higher SHBG levels may protect against NAFLD in men with/without HIV. METHODS NAFLD was assessed using noncontrast computed tomography in 530 men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) who drank <3 alcoholic drinks/d and were uninfected with chronic hepatitis C or B (340HIV+, 190HIV-). Morning serum samples were tested for SHBG, total testosterone (TT), and adiponectin. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations between HIV, SHBG, TT, adiponectin, and NAFLD. RESULTS Median SHBG was highest among HIV+/NAFLD- men and lowest among HIV-/NAFLD+ men. Adjusted for demographics, HIV, visceral adiposity, HOMA-IR, TT, and PNPLA3 genotype, higher SHBG was associated with lower odds of NAFLD (odds ratio [OR], 0.52 per doubling; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34-0.80). In separate multivariable models without SHBG, HIV (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.26-0.79) and higher adiponectin (OR, 0.66 per doubling; 95% CI, 0.49-0.89) were associated with lower NAFLD odds, whereas TT was not significantly associated (OR, 0.74 per doubling; 95% CI, 0.53-1.04). Adjusting for SHBG attenuated the associations of HIV (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.34-1.08) and adiponectin (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.54-1.02) with NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS SHBG levels were higher among HIV+ men, were independently associated with lower NAFLD, and could partially explain the associations of HIV and higher adiponectin with lower NAFLD in our cohort. These findings suggest that SHBG may protect against NAFLD, supporting further prospective and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Price
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ruibin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric C Seaberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Todd T Brown
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Lawrence A Kingsley
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Frank J Palella
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mallory D Witt
- Division of HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Wendy S Post
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jordan E Lake
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chloe L Thio
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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12
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Zhu JL, Chen Z, Feng WJ, Long SL, Mo ZC. Sex hormone-binding globulin and polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 499:142-148. [PMID: 31525346 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), one of the most common endocrine diseases that causes infertility in reproductive women, is characterized by hyperandrogenemia, chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM), and most women with PCOS have metabolic abnormalities. A reduction in plasma sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), a transport carrier that binds estrogen and androgens and regulates their biological activities, is often used as an indicator of hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS. Low serum SHBG levels are considered a biomarker of abnormal metabolism and are related to insulin resistance (IR), compensatory hyperinsulinemia and abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism in PCOS patients. SHBG is also associated with the long-term prognosis of PCOS. SHBG gene polymorphism is correlated with the risk of PCOS. As SHBG plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of PCOS, knowledge regarding its role in PCOS is helpful for further understanding the molecular mechanism of SHBG in PCOS development and providing new ideas for the treatment of female infertility. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF-4α) is a vital transcription factor in the SHBG synthesis process. HNF-4α binds to the cis-type element DR1 in the SHBG promoter to initiate transcription and regulates hepatic SHBG levels by modulating glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammatory factors. However, it remains unclear whether HNF-4α is indirectly involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS via regulation of hepatic SHBG synthesis. Therefore, this review discusses the interaction between SHBG and the various complications of PCOS as well as the regulatory effect of HNF-4α on SHBG expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ling Zhu
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, University of South China and Yueyang Women & Children's Medical Center, Yueyang, Hunan 416000, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, University of South China and Yueyang Women & Children's Medical Center, Yueyang, Hunan 416000, China
| | - Wen-Jie Feng
- 2015 Grade Medical Imaging Class of Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shuang-Lian Long
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, University of South China and Yueyang Women & Children's Medical Center, Yueyang, Hunan 416000, China.
| | - Zhong-Cheng Mo
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, University of South China and Yueyang Women & Children's Medical Center, Yueyang, Hunan 416000, China.
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13
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Endogenous SHBG levels correlate with that of glucose transporters in insulin resistance model cells. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4953-4965. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04946-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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Luo J, Chen Q, Shen T, Wang X, Fang W, Wu X, Yuan Z, Chen G, Ling W, Chen Y. Association of sex hormone-binding globulin with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese adults. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:79. [PMID: 30455723 PMCID: PMC6225668 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), a glycoprotein synthesized by hepatocytes, has been linked to insulin resistance and hepatic lipid metabolism and is suggested to be associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to investigate the association of SHBG with NAFLD in Chinese adults. Methods We conducted a community-based, cross-sectional study in China involving 2912 participants aged 40–75 years old. All participants underwent detection for hepatic fat infiltration by ultrasound in addition to providing complete medical history and undergoing physical and blood biochemical examinations. The association of serum SHBG with the presence of NAFLD was reported by adjusted odds ratio after applying logistic regression models. To further explore the relationship between SHBG and NAFLD, mRNA expression of SHBG and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-α (HNF4α), as well as intrahepatic triglycerides, were determined from the liver tissues of 32 subjects with different degrees of steatosis. Results Serum SHBG levels in patients with NAFLD (median, 43.8 nmol/L; interquartile range, 33.4–56.8 nmol/L) were significantly lower than those in non-NAFLD subjects (median, 63.4 nmol/L; interquartile range, 47.6–83.1 nmol/L). Serum SHBG levels were inversely correlated with WHR, trunk fat percentage, glucose, HOMA-IR, TG, UA and DHEAS, and were positively correlated with HDL-C levels (all p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that serum SHBG levels were negatively associated with the presence of NAFLD in all subjects, as well as the subgroups stratified by sex, BMI and HOMA-IR (all p < 0.05). In human liver tissues, SHBG and HNF4α mRNA expression decreased along with the elevated grade of hepatic steatosis. Both SHBG and HNF4α mRNA expression levels were negatively correlated with intrahepatic triglycerides. Conclusions These results demonstrate that SHBG levels were negatively associated with the presence of NAFLD in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12986-018-0313-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- 1Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, 510080 China.,2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Qian Chen
- 1Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, 510080 China.,2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080 China.,5Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Tianran Shen
- 1Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, 510080 China.,2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Xu Wang
- 1Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, 510080 China.,2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Wanjun Fang
- 1Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, 510080 China.,2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Xiaocai Wu
- 4Department of Hepatic Surgery,The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Zenan Yuan
- 4Department of Hepatic Surgery,The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Gengdong Chen
- 2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080 China.,3Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- 1Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, 510080 China.,2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yuming Chen
- 2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080 China.,3Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, 510080 China
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Gyawali P, Martin SA, Heilbronn LK, Vincent AD, Jenkins AJ, Januszewski AS, Taylor AW, Adams RJT, O’Loughlin PD, Wittert GA. Cross-sectional and longitudinal determinants of serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in a cohort of community-dwelling men. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200078. [PMID: 29995902 PMCID: PMC6040731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its widespread clinical use, there is little data available from population-based studies on the determinants of serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). We aimed to examine multifactorial determinants of circulating SHBG levels in community-dwelling men. Study participants comprised randomly selected 35–80 y.o. men (n = 2563) prospectively-followed for 5 years (n = 2038) in the Men Androgen Inflammation Lifestyle Environment and Stress (MAILES) study. After excluding men with illness or medications known to affect SHBG (n = 172), data from 1786 men were available at baseline, and 1476 at follow-up. The relationship between baseline body composition (DXA), serum glucose, insulin, triglycerides, thyroxine (fT4), sex steroids (total testosterone (TT), oestradiol (E2)), and pro-inflammatory cytokines and serum SHBG level at both baseline & follow-up was determined by linear and penalized logistic regression models adjusting for age, lifestyle & demographic, body composition, metabolic, and hormonal factors. Restricted cubic spline analyses was also conducted to capture possible non-linear relationships. At baseline there were positive cross-sectional associations between age (β = 0.409, p<0.001), TT (β = 0.560, p<0.001), fT4 (β = 0.067, p = 0.019) and SHBG, and negative associations between triglycerides (β = -0.112, p<0.001), abdominal fat mass (β = -0.068, p = 0.032) and E2 (β = -0.058, p = 0.050) and SHBG. In longitudinal analysis the positive determinants of SHBG at 4.9 years were age (β = 0.406, p = <0.001), TT (β = 0.461, p = <0.001), and fT4 (β = 0.040, p = 0.034) and negative determinants were triglycerides (β = -0.065, p = 0.027) and abdominal fat mass (β = -0.078, p = 0.032). Taken together these data suggest low SHBG is a marker of abdominal obesity and increased serum triglycerides, conditions which are known to have been associated with low testosterone and low T4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabin Gyawali
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail: (PG); (GW)
| | - Sean A. Martin
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Leonie K. Heilbronn
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew D. Vincent
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alicia J. Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrzej S. Januszewski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anne W. Taylor
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Population Research and Outcomes Studies, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert J. T. Adams
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- The Health Observatory, University of Adelaide, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Gary A. Wittert
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail: (PG); (GW)
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16
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Protective Effect of Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin against Metabolic Syndrome: In Vitro Evidence Showing Anti-Inflammatory and Lipolytic Effects on Adipocytes and Macrophages. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:3062319. [PMID: 30046278 PMCID: PMC6036814 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3062319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a serum protein released mainly by the liver, and a low serum level correlates with a risk for metabolic syndrome including diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular events. However, the underlying molecular mechanism(s) linking SHBG and metabolic syndrome remains unknown. In this study, using adipocytes and macrophages, we focused on the in vitro effects of SHBG on inflammation as well as lipid metabolism. Incubation with 20 nM SHBG markedly suppressed lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced inflammatory cytokines, such as MCP-1, TNFα, and IL-6 in adipocytes and macrophages, along with phosphorylations of JNK and ERK. Anti-inflammatory effects were also observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes cocultured with LPS-stimulated macrophages. In addition, SHBG treatment for 18 hrs or longer significantly induced the lipid degradation of differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, with alterations in its corresponding gene and protein levels. Notably, these effects of SHBG were not altered by coaddition of large amounts of testosterone or estradiol. In conclusion, SHBG suppresses inflammation and lipid accumulation in macrophages and adipocytes, which might be among the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of SHBG, that is, its actions which reduce the incidence of metabolic syndrome.
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Munkboel CH, Larsen LW, Weisser JJ, Møbjerg Kristensen D, Styrishave B. Sertraline Suppresses Testis and Adrenal Steroid Production and Steroidogenic Gene Expression While Increasing LH in Plasma of Male Rats Resulting in Compensatory Hypogonadism. Toxicol Sci 2018; 163:609-619. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Hurup Munkboel
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Lizette Weber Larsen
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Johan Juhl Weisser
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - David Møbjerg Kristensen
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Irset – Inserm UMR 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Bjarne Styrishave
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
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Sofer Y, Nevo N, Vechoropoulos M, Shefer G, Osher E, Landis N, Tordjman K, Hammond GL, Stern N. Human sex hormone-binding globulin does not provide metabolic protection against diet-induced obesity and dysglycemia in mice. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:91-96. [PMID: 29141991 PMCID: PMC5754513 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is the main transporter of sex hormones in most vertebrates. Low SHBG levels have been linked to increased risk for diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Polymorphisms of the SHBG gene linked to low SHBG protein levels also strongly predicted increased risk of type 2 diabetes, thus raising the possibility that SHBG may play a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and diabetes. AIM To examine whether expression of human SHBG in mice may ameliorate the development of diabetes and metabolic syndrome in response to a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS Transgene mice expressing a human SHBG transgene (SHBG+) (N = 10/11; males/females) and their wild type littermates (N = 12/8; males/females) were fed HFD for 4.5 months. RESULTS HFD induced comparable obesity in control and SHBG+ mice. Male transgenes had higher muscle mass after 2-3.5 months HFD (0.43 ± 0.028 (n = 4) vs 0.38 ± 0.053 g (n = 7), P = 0.05). Fasting blood glucose, as well as insulin or HOMA-IR, was not different in transgenic vs wild-type males after 4-5 months HFD. Female transgenes had higher fasting glucose (152 ± 29 (n = 7) vs 115 ± 27 mg/dL, P = 0.01 (n = 8)), but mean insulin and HOMA-IR were not different. Likewise, insulin tolerance test and intra-peritoneal glucose tolerance test (GTT) were not different. Finally, SHBG+ mice were not different from controls in terms of liver enzymes, serum triglyceride levels and blood pressure. CONCLUSION In mice with diet-induced obesity, human SHBG did not protect against development of obesity or dysglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Sofer
- Institute of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nava Nevo
- Department of Biological RegulationWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Vechoropoulos
- Institute of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gabi Shefer
- Institute of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Etty Osher
- Institute of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nathan Landis
- Institute of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Geoffrey L Hammond
- Departments of Cellular & Physiological Sciences and Obstetrics & GynaecologyUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Naftali Stern
- Institute of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Sex hormone-binding globulin regulation of androgen bioactivity in vivo: validation of the free hormone hypothesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35539. [PMID: 27748448 PMCID: PMC5066276 DOI: 10.1038/srep35539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is the high-affinity binding protein for androgens and estrogens. According to the free hormone hypothesis, SHBG modulates the bioactivity of sex steroids by limiting their diffusion into target tissues. Still, the in vivo physiological role of circulating SHBG remains unclear, especially since mice and rats lack circulating SHBG post-natally. To test the free hormone hypothesis in vivo, we examined total and free sex steroid concentrations and bioactivity on target organs in mice expressing a human SHBG transgene. SHBG increased total androgen and estrogen concentrations via hypothalamic-pituitary feedback regulation and prolonged ligand half-life. Despite markedly raised total sex steroid concentrations, free testosterone was unaffected while sex steroid bioactivity on male and female reproductive organs was attenuated. This occurred via a ligand-dependent, genotype-independent mechanism according to in vitro seminal vesicle organ cultures. These results provide compelling support for the determination of free or bioavailable sex steroid concentrations in medicine, and clarify important comparative differences between translational mouse models and human endocrinology.
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Abstract
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a circulating glycoprotein that transports testosterone and other steroids in the blood. Interest in SHBG has escalated in recent years because of its inverse association with obesity and insulin resistance, and because many studies have linked lower circulating levels of SHBG to metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, and early puberty. The purpose of this review is to summarize molecular, clinical, endocrine, and epidemiological findings to illustrate how measurement of plasma SHBG may be useful in clinical medicine in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Aydın
- University of Louisville Faculty of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kentucky, USA
| | - Stephen J. Winters
- University of Louisville Faculty of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kentucky, USA
,* Address for Correspondence: University of Louisville Faculty of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kentucky, USA Phone: +1 502 852 52 37 E-mail:
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