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Afonso LG, Silva-Aguiar RP, Teixeira DE, Alves SAS, Schmaier AH, Pinheiro AAS, Peruchetti DB, Caruso-Neves C. The angiotensin II/type 1 angiotensin II receptor pathway is implicated in the dysfunction of albumin endocytosis in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells induced by high glucose levels. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130684. [PMID: 39084330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
It is well-established that dysfunction of megalin-mediated albumin endocytosis by proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) and the activation of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) play significant roles in the development of Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD). However, the precise correlation between these factors still requires further investigation. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the potential role of angiotensin II (Ang II), a known effector of RAS, as the mediator of albumin endocytosis dysfunction induced by high glucose (HG) in PTECs. To achieve this, we utilized LLC-PK1 and HK-2 cells, which are well-established in vitro models of PTECs. Using albumin-FITC or DQ-albumin as tracers, we observed that incubation of LLC-PK1 and HK-2 cells with HG (25 mM for 48 h) significantly reduced canonical receptor-mediated albumin endocytosis, primarily due to the decrease in megalin expression. HG increased the concentration of Ang II in the LLC-PK1 cell supernatant, a phenomenon associated with an increase in angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) expression and a decrease in prolyl carboxypeptidase (PRCP) expression. ACE type 2 (ACE2) expression remained unchanged. To investigate the potential impact of Ang II on HG effects, the cells were co-incubated with angiotensin receptor inhibitors. Only co-incubation with 10-7 M losartan (an antagonist for type 1 angiotensin receptor, AT1R) attenuated the inhibitory effect of HG on albumin endocytosis, as well as megalin expression. Our findings contribute to understanding the genesis of tubular albuminuria observed in the early stages of DKD, which involves the activation of the Ang II/AT1R axis by HG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz G Afonso
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo P Silva-Aguiar
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Douglas E Teixeira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sarah A S Alves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alvin H Schmaier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleaveland, USA
| | - Ana Acacia S Pinheiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health - NanoSAUDE/FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diogo B Peruchetti
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nanofarmacêutica, INCT-NANOBiofar, CNPq/MCTI, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Celso Caruso-Neves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health - NanoSAUDE/FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, INCT-Regenera, CNPq/MCTI, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Sinha SK, Nicholas SB. Pathomechanisms of Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7349. [PMID: 38068400 PMCID: PMC10707303 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12237349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The worldwide occurrence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is swiftly rising, primarily attributed to the growing population of individuals affected by type 2 diabetes. This surge has been transformed into a substantial global concern, placing additional strain on healthcare systems already grappling with significant demands. The pathogenesis of DKD is intricate, originating with hyperglycemia, which triggers various mechanisms and pathways: metabolic, hemodynamic, inflammatory, and fibrotic which ultimately lead to renal damage. Within each pathway, several mediators contribute to the development of renal structural and functional changes. Some of these mediators, such as inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and transforming growth factor β are shared among the different pathways, leading to significant overlap and interaction between them. While current treatment options for DKD have shown advancement over previous strategies, their effectiveness remains somewhat constrained as patients still experience residual risk of disease progression. Therefore, a comprehensive grasp of the molecular mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of DKD is imperative for the continued creation of novel and groundbreaking therapies for this condition. In this review, we discuss the current achievements in fundamental research, with a particular emphasis on individual factors and recent developments in DKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyesh K. Sinha
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- College of Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Susanne B. Nicholas
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
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Sabry MM, Ahmed MM, Maksoud OMA, Rashed L, Morcos MA, El-Maaty AA, Maher Galal A, Sharawy N. Carnitine, apelin and resveratrol regulate mitochondrial quality control (QC) related proteins and ameliorate acute kidney injury: role of hydrogen peroxide. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1391-1400. [PMID: 32538173 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1773504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial impairment is recognised as a prominent feature in kidney diseases. Therefore, we investigated whether the effects of resveratrol, L-carnitine, and apelin in the acute kidney injury model were associated with modulation of mitochondrial quality control (QC) related proteins, intra-renal renin-angiotensin (RAS) activity, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and Na+-K+ ATPase gene expression. Rats were randomly assigned to 7 groups: Distilled water injected control group, DMSO injected control group, distilled water injected lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, DMSO injected LPS group, resveratrol injected LPS group, L-carnitine injected LPS group and apelin 13 injected LPS group. We observed that resveratrol, L-carnitine, and apelin treatments altered mitochondrial (QC) related protein levels (Pink1, Parkin, BNIP-3, Drp1, and PGC1α), decreased intra-renal RAS parameters, increased ATP level and upregulated Na+-K+ ATPase gene expression in renal tissue. Our results provide new insight into the role of mitochondrial quality control and how different antioxidants exert beneficial effects on acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Mohamed Sabry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Laila Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mary Attia Morcos
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal Abo El-Maaty
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Maher Galal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nivin Sharawy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of physiology, Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
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Pelle MC, Provenzano M, Busutti M, Porcu CV, Zaffina I, Stanga L, Arturi F. Up-Date on Diabetic Nephropathy. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1202. [PMID: 36013381 PMCID: PMC9409996 DOI: 10.3390/life12081202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the leading causes of kidney disease. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) worldwide, and it is linked to an increase in cardiovascular (CV) risk. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) increases morbidity and mortality among people living with diabetes. Risk factors for DN are chronic hyperglycemia and high blood pressure; the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade improves glomerular function and CV risk in these patients. Recently, new antidiabetic drugs, including sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, have demonstrated additional contribution in delaying the progression of kidney disease and enhancing CV outcomes. The therapeutic goal is regression of albuminuria, but an atypical form of non-proteinuric diabetic nephropathy (NP-DN) is also described. In this review, we provide a state-of-the-art evaluation of current treatment strategies and promising emerging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Pelle
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Provenzano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS—Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Busutti
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS—Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Clara Valentina Porcu
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS—Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Isabella Zaffina
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lucia Stanga
- Oncology Unit, IRCCS—Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Franco Arturi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases (CR METDIS), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Kuma K, Tsuda S, Fukui A, Yoshitomi R, Haruyama N, Nakayama M. Low plasma renin activity is independently associated with kidney disease progression in patients with type 2 diabetes and overt nephropathy, including those with impaired kidney function: a 2-year prospective study. Endocr J 2022; 69:547-557. [PMID: 34897193 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma renin activity (PRA) is lower in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) than in healthy individuals. However, the association, if any, between PRA and renal outcomes in patients with DN remains uncertain. In a 2-year prospective observational study, we aimed to investigate the association of PRA with the decline in kidney function in patients with DN. We studied 97 patients with DN who were categorized according to tertile (T1-T3) of PRA. The annual changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (mL/min/1.73 m2/year) were determined from the slope of the linear regression curve for eGFR. The secondary endpoint was defined as a composite of the doubling of serum creatinine or end-stage renal disease. Results showed that kidney function rapidly declined with lower tertiles of PRA (median value [interquartile range] of the annual eGFR changes: -8.8 [-18.5 to -4.2] for T1, -8.0 [-14.3 to -3.2] for T2, and -3.1 [-6.3 to -2.0] for T3; p for trend <0.01). Multivariable linear regression analyses showed that, compared with T3, T1 was associated with a larger annual change in eGFR (coefficient, -4.410; 95% confidence interval [CI], -7.910 to -0.909 for T1). Composite renal events occurred in 46 participants. In multivariable Cox analysis, the lower tertiles of PRA (T1 and T2) were associated with higher incidences of the composite renal outcome (T2: hazard ratio [HR], 4.78; 95% CI, 1.64-13.89; T1: HR, 4.85; 95% CI 1.61-14.65) than T3. In conclusion, low PRA is independently associated with poor renal outcomes in patients with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Kuma
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka 810-8563, Japan
| | - Susumu Tsuda
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka 810-8563, Japan
| | - Akiko Fukui
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka 810-8563, Japan
| | - Ryota Yoshitomi
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka 810-8563, Japan
| | - Naoki Haruyama
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka 810-8563, Japan
| | - Masaru Nakayama
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka 810-8563, Japan
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Liu T, Liu W. Angiotensinogen and Risk of Stroke Events in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:419-425. [PMID: 35177918 PMCID: PMC8846557 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s335746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in diabetic patients is a vital pathophysiological mechanism of cardiovascular complications. AIM We aimed to assess whether serum and urinary angiotensinogen levels could predict the risk of stroke events in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS An analysis of the relationships between serum and urinary angiotensinogen levels at baseline and the risk of stroke events was performed in a study consisting of 467 patients with type 2 diabetes with a follow-up of 5 years. Multivariate Cox regression models were built by controlling for a large range of related risk factors. RESULTS Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <57 mL/min/1.73 m2 had a significantly higher risk of stroke events than those with high eGFRs (≥57 mL/min/1.73 m2, P=0.040). Our results suggested that urinary angiotensinogen levels (HR=2.74, 95% CI 1.50-5.88, P=<0.001), but not serum angiotensinogen levels (HR=1.42, 95% CI 0.95-2.65, P=0.071), were independent predictors of the risk of stroke events in patients with type 2 diabetes after adjusting for confounding factors. Similarly, sensitivity analysis also suggested that higher urinary angiotensinogen levels still contributed to an increased risk of stroke events (HR=2.71, 95% CI 1.48-5.82, P<0.001) but not serum angiotensinogen levels (HR=1.37, 95% CI 0.89-2.21, P=0.104). Importantly, we found that significant associations only existed in patients with eGFRs<60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (HR=2.78, 95% CI 1.59-6.30, P<0.001) but not in patients with eGFRs≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (HR=1.39, 95% CI 0.95-3.53, P=0.054). CONCLUSION The study suggested that elevated urinary angiotensinogen levels were correlated with a higher risk of stroke events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Tao Liu Department of Neurology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, NO. 6, Changjiang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300100, People’s Republic of China Email
| | - Weihong Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300140, People’s Republic of China
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Renal Hemodynamics and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Profiles in Patients With Heart Failure. J Card Fail 2021; 28:385-393. [PMID: 34487814 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding cardiorenal pathophysiology in heart failure (HF) is of clinical importance. We sought to characterize the renal hemodynamic function and the transrenal gradient of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) markers in patients with HF and in controls without HF. METHODS In this post hoc analysis, the glomerular filtration rate (GFRinulin), effective renal plasma flow (ERPFPAH) and transrenal gradients (arterial-renal vein) of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), aldosterone, and plasma renin activity (PRA) were measured in 47 patients with HF and in 24 controls. Gomez equations were used to derive afferent (RA) and efferent (RE) arteriolar resistances. Transrenal RAAS gradients were also collected in patients treated with intravenous dobutamine (HF, n = 11; non-HF, n = 11) or nitroprusside (HF, n = 18; non-HF, n = 5). RESULTS The concentrations of PRA, aldosterone and ACE were higher in the renal vein vs the artery in patients with HF vs patients without HF (P < 0.01). In patients with HF, a greater ACE gradient was associated with greater renal vascular resistance (r = 0.42; P 0.007) and greater arteriolar resistances (RA: r = 0.39; P = 0.012; RE: r = 0.48; P = 0.002). Similarly, a greater aldosterone gradient was associated with lower GFR (r = -0.51; P = 0.0007) and renal blood flow (RBF), r = -0.32; P = 0.042) whereas greater PRA gradient with lower ERPF (r = -0.33; P = 0.040), GFR (r = -0.36; P = 0.024), and RBF (r = -0.33; P = 0.036). Dobutamine and nitroprusside treatment decreased the transrenal gradient of ACE (P = 0.012, P < 0.0001, respectively), aldosterone (P = 0.005, P = 0.030) and PRA (P = 0.014, P = 0.002) in patients with HF only. CONCLUSIONS A larger transrenal RAAS marker gradient in patients with HF suggests a renal origin for neurohormonal activation associated with a vasoconstrictive renal profile.
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Low Psychological Resilience in Older Individuals: An Association with Increased Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and the Presence of Chronic Medical Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168970. [PMID: 34445675 PMCID: PMC8396457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The term resilience, which has been present in science for almost half a century, stands for the capacity of some system needed to overcome an amount of disturbance from the environment in order to avoid a change to another stable state. In medicine, the concept of resilience means the ability to deal with daily stress and disturbance to our homeostasis with the intention of protecting it from disturbance. With aging, the organism becomes more sensitive to environmental impacts and more susceptible to changes. Mental disturbances and a decline in psychological resilience in older people are potentiated with many social and environmental factors along with a subjective perception of decreasing health. Distinct from findings in younger age groups, mental and physical medical conditions in older people are closely associated with each other, sharing common mechanisms and potentiating each other’s development. Increased inflammation and oxidative stress have been recognized as the main driving mechanisms in the development of aging diseases. This paper aims to reveal, through a translational approach, physiological and molecular mechanisms of emotional distress and low psychological resilience in older individuals as driving mechanisms for the accelerated development of chronic aging diseases, and to systematize the available information sources on strategies for mitigation of low resilience in order to prevent chronic diseases.
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Rogacka D. Insulin resistance in glomerular podocytes: Potential mechanisms of induction. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 710:109005. [PMID: 34371008 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glomerular podocytes are a target for the actions of insulin. Accumulating evidence indicates that exposure to nutrient overload induces insulin resistance in these cells, manifested by abolition of the stimulatory effect of insulin on glucose uptake. Numerous recent studies have investigated potential mechanisms of the induction of insulin resistance in podocytes. High glucose concentrations stimulated reactive oxygen species production through NADPH oxidase activation, decreased adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, and reduced deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) protein levels and activity. Calcium signaling involving transient receptor potential cation channel C, member 6 (TRPC6) also was demonstrated to play an essential role in the regulation of insulin-dependent signaling and glucose uptake in podocytes. Furthermore, podocytes exposed to diabetic environment, with elevated insulin levels become insulin resistant as a result of degradation of insulin receptor (IR), resulting in attenuation of insulin signaling responsiveness. Also elevated levels of palmitic acid appear to be an important factor and contributor to podocytes insulin resistance. This review summarizes cellular and molecular alterations that contribute to the development of insulin resistance in glomerular podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Rogacka
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland; University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
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Baliou S, Adamaki M, Ioannou P, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Spandidos DA, Christodoulou I, Kyriakopoulos AM, Zoumpourlis V. Protective role of taurine against oxidative stress (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:605. [PMID: 34184084 PMCID: PMC8240184 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine is a fundamental mediator of homeostasis that exerts multiple roles to confer protection against oxidant stress. The development of hypertension, muscle/neuro‑associated disorders, hepatic cirrhosis, cardiac dysfunction and ischemia/reperfusion are examples of some injuries that are linked with oxidative stress. The present review gives a comprehensive description of all the underlying mechanisms of taurine, with the aim to explain its anti‑oxidant actions. Taurine is regarded as a cytoprotective molecule due to its ability to sustain normal electron transport chain, maintain glutathione stores, upregulate anti‑oxidant responses, increase membrane stability, eliminate inflammation and prevent calcium accumulation. In parallel, the synergistic effect of taurine with other potential therapeutic modalities in multiple disorders are highlighted. Apart from the results derived from research findings, the current review bridges the gap between bench and bedside, providing mechanistic insights into the biological activity of taurine that supports its potential therapeutic efficacy in clinic. In the future, further clinical studies are required to support the ameliorative effect of taurine against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Baliou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Adamaki
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Ioannou
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
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Li Y, Xue M, Hu F, Jia Y, Zheng Z, Yang Y, Liu X, Yang Y, Wang Y. Klotho prevents epithelial-mesenchymal transition through Egr-1 downregulation in diabetic kidney disease. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:9/1/e002038. [PMID: 34099438 PMCID: PMC8186752 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-002038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As a key event leading to tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has drawn increasing attention from researchers. The antiaging protein Klotho attenuates renal fibrosis in part by inhibiting ERK1/2 signaling in DKD. Early growth response factor 1 (Egr-1), which is activated mainly by ERK1/2, has been shown to play an important role in EMT. However, whether Klotho prevents EMT by inhibiting ERK1/2-dependent Egr-1 expression in DKD is unclear.The aim of this study was to investigate whether Klotho prevents EMT through Egr-1 downregulation by inhibiting the ERK1/2 signaling pathway in DKD. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice fed an high-fat diet for 4 weeks received 120 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ), which was injected intraperitoneally. Klotho and Egr-1 expression was detected in the renal cortices of these mice on their sacrifice at 6 and 12 weeks after STZ treatment. In In vitro studies, we incubated HK2 cells under high-glucose (HG) or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) conditions to mimic DKD. We then transfected the cells with an Klotho-containing plasmid, Klotho small interfering RNA. RESULTS Klotho expression was significantly decreased in the renal cortices of mice with diabetes mellitus (DM) compared with the renal cortices of control mice at 6 weeks after treatment and even more significantly decreased at 12 weeks. In contrast, Egr-1 expression was significantly increased in mice with DM compared with control mice only at 12 weeks. We also found that Klotho overexpression downregulated Egr-1 expression and the (p-ERK1/2):(ERK1/2) ratio in HG-treated or TGF-β1-treated HK2 cells. Conversely, Klotho silencing upregulated Egr-1 expression and the (p-ERK1/2):(ERK1/2) ratio in HG-treated or TGF-β1-treated HK2 cells. Moreover, the effects of si-Klotho were abolished by the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059. CONCLUSIONS Klotho prevents EMT during DKD progression, an effect that has been partially attributed to Egr-1 downregulation mediated by ERK1/2 signaling pathway inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yijie Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongji Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolian Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming, China
| | - Yuelian Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjing Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Shoily SS, Ahsan T, Fatema K, Sajib AA. Common genetic variants and pathways in diabetes and associated complications and vulnerability of populations with different ethnic origins. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7504. [PMID: 33820928 PMCID: PMC8021559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86801-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complex and heterogeneous metabolic disorder which is often pre- or post-existent with complications such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, inflammation, chronic kidney disease, diabetic retino- and nephropathies. However, the frequencies of these co-morbidities vary among individuals and across populations. It is, therefore, not unlikely that certain genetic variants might commonly contribute to these conditions. Here, we identified four single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs5186, rs1800795, rs1799983 and rs1800629 in AGTR1, IL6, NOS3 and TNFA genes, respectively) to be commonly associated with each of these conditions. We explored their possible interplay in diabetes and associated complications. The variant allele and haplotype frequencies at these polymorphic loci vary among different super-populations (African, European, admixed Americans, South and East Asians). The variant alleles are particularly highly prevalent in different European and admixed American populations. Differential distribution of these variants in different ethnic groups suggests that certain drugs might be more effective in selective populations rather than all. Therefore, population specific genetic architectures should be considered before considering a drug for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Samad Shoily
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tamim Ahsan
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Maritime University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kaniz Fatema
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Ashfaqur Sajib
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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13
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Wijnant SRA, Jacobs M, Van Eeckhoutte HP, Lapauw B, Joos GF, Bracke KR, Brusselle GG. Expression of ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor, in Lung Tissue of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2020; 69:2691-2699. [PMID: 33024003 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Increased expression of pulmonary ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, could contribute to increased infectivity of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes, but ACE2 expression has not been studied in lung tissue of subjects with diabetes. We therefore studied ACE2 mRNA and protein expression in lung tissue samples of subjects with and without diabetes that were collected between 2002 and 2020 from patients undergoing lobectomy for lung tumors. For RT-PCR analyses, samples from 15 subjects with diabetes were compared with 91 randomly chosen control samples. For immunohistochemical staining, samples from 26 subjects with diabetes were compared with 66 randomly chosen control samples. mRNA expression of ACE2 was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. Protein levels of ACE2 were visualized by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded lung tissue samples and quantified in alveolar and bronchial epithelium. Pulmonary ACE2 mRNA expression was not different between subjects with or without diabetes. In contrast, protein levels of ACE2 were significantly increased in both alveolar tissue and bronchial epithelium of patients with diabetes compared with control subjects, independent of smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, BMI, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor use, and other potential confounders. To conclude, we show increased bronchial and alveolar ACE2 protein expression in patients with diabetes. Further research is needed to elucidate whether upregulation of ACE2 expression in airways and lungs has consequences on infectivity and clinical outcomes of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R A Wijnant
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Merel Jacobs
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannelore P Van Eeckhoutte
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Lapauw
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy F Joos
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ken R Bracke
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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14
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Noh MR, Kong MJ, Han SJ, Kim JI, Park KM. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 deficiency aggravates prolonged high-fat diet intake-induced hypertension. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101548. [PMID: 32388270 PMCID: PMC7210593 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of hypertension is associated with mitochondrial redox balance disruptions. NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) plays an important role in the maintenance of mitochondrial redox balance by producing mitochondrial NADPH, which is an essential cofactor in the reduction of glutathione (from GSSG to GSH) to reduced form of glutathione (GSH). We investigated the association of IDH2 between the development of prolonged high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hypertension. Idh2 gene-deleted (Idh2-/-) male mice and wild-type (Idh2+/+) littermates were fed either HFD or low-fat diet (LFD). Some mice were administrated with Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondria-specific antioxidant. HFD feeding increased blood pressure (BP) in both Idh2-/- mice and Idh2+/+ mice. HFD-induced BP increase was greater in Idh2-/- than Idh2+/+ mice. HFD intake decreased IDH2 activity, NADPH levels, and the GSH/(GSH + GSSG) ratio in the renal mitochondria. However, HFD intake increased mitochondrial ROS levels, along with the accompanying oxidative stress and damage. HFD intake increased angiotensin II receptor 1 type 1 mRNA levels in the kidneys and plasma renin and angiotensin II concentrations. These HFD-induced changes were more prominent in Idh2-/- mice than Idh2+/+ mice. Mito-TEMPO mitigated the HFD-induced changes in both Idh2-/- and Idh2+/+ mice, with greater effects in Idh2-/- mice than Idh2+/+ mice. These results indicate that prolonged HFD intake disrupts the IDH2-NADPH-GSH-associated antioxidant system and activates the renin-angiotensin system in the kidney, leading to increased BP, suggesting that IDH2 is a critical enzyme in the development of hypertension and that the IDH2-associated antioxidant system could serve as a potential hypertension treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ra Noh
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Center and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kong
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Center and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Han
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Center and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee In Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseogu, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Moo Park
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Center and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Miyata KN, Zhao S, Wu CH, Lo CS, Ghosh A, Chenier I, Filep JG, Ingelfinger JR, Zhang SL, Chan JSD. Comparison of the effects of insulin and SGLT2 inhibitor on the Renal Renin-Angiotensin system in type 1 diabetes mice. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 162:108107. [PMID: 32173417 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS SGLT2 inhibitors have been proposed as an adjunct to insulin therapy for glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. However, concern has been raised due to an increase in renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) activity reported in a clinical trial in which an SGLT2 inhibitor was added while insulin dose was reduced in T1D patients. We previously reported that insulin inhibits intrarenal angiotensinogen (Agt) gene transcription and RAS activation. We hypothesized that insulin, rather than SGLT2 inhibition might regulate the intrarenal RAS. METHODS We compared RAS activity in non-diabetic wild type mice, Akita mice (T1D model) and Akita mice treated with insulin or the SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin. RESULTS Treatment of Akita mice with insulin or canagliflozin produced similar reductions in blood glucose, whereas insulin, but not canagliflozin, reduced elevated systolic blood pressure. Akita mice exhibited increased renal Agt mRNA/protein expression, which was attenuated by insulin, but not by canagliflozin. Furthermore, insulin was more effective than canagliflozin in lowering kidney weight and albuminuria. CONCLUSIONS Insulin, but not canagliflozin, lowers intrarenal RAS activity in Akita mice. Our findings can be of potential clinical importance, especially for T1D patients who are not on RAS inhibitors at the time of adding SGLT2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana N Miyata
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger-Pavillon R, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Shuiling Zhao
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger-Pavillon R, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Chin-Han Wu
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger-Pavillon R, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Chao-Sheng Lo
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger-Pavillon R, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Anindya Ghosh
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger-Pavillon R, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Isabelle Chenier
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger-Pavillon R, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Janos G Filep
- Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche de l'Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 boul. l'Assomption, Montréal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Julie R Ingelfinger
- Harvard Medical School, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, WAC 709, Boston, MA 02114-3117, USA
| | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger-Pavillon R, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - John S D Chan
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger-Pavillon R, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Witowski
- Department of Pathophysiology University Medical School Poznań, Poland
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Charité University Hospital Campus Virchow Klinikum Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Jörres
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Charité University Hospital Campus Virchow Klinikum Berlin, Germany
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17
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Ghosh A, Zhao S, Lo CS, Maachi H, Chenier I, Lateef MA, Abdo S, Filep JG, Ingelfinger JR, Zhang SL, Chan JSD. Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein F Mediates Insulin Inhibition of Bcl2-Modifying Factor Expression and Tubulopathy in Diabetic Kidney. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6687. [PMID: 31040360 PMCID: PMC6491582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the molecular mechanism(s) by which insulin prevents Bcl2-modifying factor (Bmf)-induced renal proximal tubular cell (RPTC) apoptosis and loss in diabetic mice. Transgenic mice (Tg) mice specifically overexpressing human BMF in RPTCs and non-Tg littermates were studied at 10 to 20 weeks of age. Non-diabetic littermates, diabetic Akita mice +/− insulin implant, Akita Tg mice specifically overexpressing heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F (hnRNP F) in their RPTCs and immortalized rat renal proximal tubular cells (IRPTCs) were also studied. BMF-Tg mice exhibited higher systolic blood pressure, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, RPTC apoptosis and urinary RPTCs than non-Tg mice. Insulin treatment in Akita mice and Akita mice overexpressing hnRNP F suppressed Bmf expression and RPTC apoptosis. In hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic wild type mice, renal Bmf expression was down-regulated with up-regulation of hnRNP F. In vitro, insulin inhibited high glucose-stimulation of Bmf expression, predominantly via p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Transfection of p44/42 MAPK or hnRNP F small interfering RNA (siRNA) prevented insulin inhibition of Bmf expression. HnRNP F inhibited Bmf transcription via hnRNP F-responsive element in the Bmf promoter. Our results demonstrate that hnRNP F suppression of Bmf transcription is an important mechanism by which insulin protects RPTCs from apoptosis in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Ghosh
- Département de medecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Shuiling Zhao
- Département de medecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Chao-Sheng Lo
- Département de medecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Hasna Maachi
- Département de medecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Isabelle Chenier
- Département de medecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Muhammad Abdul Lateef
- Département de medecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Shaaban Abdo
- Département de medecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Janos G Filep
- Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 boul. de l'Assomption, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Julie R Ingelfinger
- Harvard Medical School, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, WAC 709, Boston, MA, 02114-3117, USA
| | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- Département de medecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - John S D Chan
- Département de medecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
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18
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Lerdweeraphon W, Michael Wyss J, Roysommuti S. Perinatal Taurine Supplementation Alters Renal Function via Renin-Angiotensin System Overactivity in Adult Female Rats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 975 Pt 2:757-768. [PMID: 28849497 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study tests the hypothesis that perinatal taurine supplementation followed by a high sugar diet since weaning impairs renal function via renin-angiotensin system (RAS) overactivity in adult female rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed normal rat chow and given water alone or water containing 3% taurine from conception until weaning. After weaning, the female rats received normal rat chow and water with (CG, TSG) or without (CW, TSW) 5% glucose throughout the experiment. At 7-8 weeks of age, renal function at rest and after an acute saline load was tested in conscious female rats after a week of captopril treatment. Body, heart, and kidney weights were not significantly different among the eight groups. Mean arterial pressures and heart rates were also not different among the groups. While effective renal blood flow did not significantly differ among the eight groups, TSG displayed higher renal vascular resistance compared to CW, CG, and TSW groups. Glomerular filtration rate, filtration fraction, and water and sodium excretion did not significantly differ among the groups. Compared to CW, the saline load significantly depressed fractional water excretion in CG and TSW and fractional sodium excretion in CG, TSW, and TSG groups. Captopril treatment abolished these differences but significantly decreased potassium excretion in CG, TSW, and TSG compared to CW and abolished the increased fractional potassium excretion in TSG compared to CG and TSW groups. These data strongly suggest that in adult female rats, perinatal taurine supplementation, particularly followed by high sugar intake, alters renal function via altered RAS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wichaporn Lerdweeraphon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44000, Thailand
| | - J Michael Wyss
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sanya Roysommuti
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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19
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Nishiyama A, Kobori H. Independent regulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the kidney. Clin Exp Nephrol 2018; 22:1231-1239. [PMID: 29600408 PMCID: PMC6163102 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-018-1567-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays important roles in regulating renal hemodynamics and functions, as well as in the pathophysiology of hypertension and renal disease. In the kidney, angiotensin II (Ang II) production is controlled by independent multiple mechanisms. Ang II is compartmentalized in the renal interstitial fluid with much higher concentrations than those existing in the circulation. Inappropriate activation of the intrarenal RAAS is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of hypertension and renal injury. It has been revealed that intrarenal Ang II levels are predominantly regulated by angiotensinogen and therefore, urinary angiotensinogen could be a biomarker for intrarenal Ang II generation. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that aldosterone contributes to the progression of renal injury via direct actions on glomerular podocytes, mesangial cells, proximal tubular cells and tubulo-interstitial fibroblasts through the activation of locally expressed mineralocorticoid receptor. Thus, it now appears that intrarenal RAAS is independently regulated and its inappropriate activation contributes to the pathogenesis of the development of hypertension and renal disease. This short review article will focus on the independent regulation of the intrarenal RAAS with an emphasis on the specific role of angiotensinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kobori
- Departments of Pharmacology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
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20
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Yaribeygi H, Farrokhi FR, Rezaee R, Sahebkar A. Oxidative stress induces renal failure: A review of possible molecular pathways. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:2990-2998. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Health Research CenterBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Chronic Kidney Diseases Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Farin R. Farrokhi
- Chronic Kidney Diseases Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research CenterInstitute of Pharmaceutical TechnologyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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21
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Lo CS, Shi Y, Chenier I, Ghosh A, Wu CH, Cailhier JF, Ethier J, Lattouf JB, Filep JG, Ingelfinger JR, Zhang SL, Chan JSD. Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein F Stimulates Sirtuin-1 Gene Expression and Attenuates Nephropathy Progression in Diabetic Mice. Diabetes 2017; 66:1964-1978. [PMID: 28424160 PMCID: PMC5482081 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F (hnRNP F) renoprotective action in a type 2 diabetes (T2D) mouse model (db/db). Immortalized rat renal proximal tubular cells (IRPTCs) and kidneys from humans with T2D were also studied. The db/db mice developed hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and nephropathy at age 20 weeks compared with their db/m littermates. These abnormalities, with the exception of hyperglycemia, were attenuated in db/dbhnRNP F-transgenic (Tg) mice specifically overexpressing hnRNP F in their RPTCs. Sirtuin-1, Foxo3α, and catalase expression were significantly decreased in RPTCs from db/db mice and normalized in db/dbhnRNP F-Tg mice. In vitro, hnRNP F overexpression stimulated Sirtuin-1 and Foxo3α with downregulation of acetylated p53 expression and prevented downregulation of Sirtuin-1 and Foxo3α expression in IRPTCs by high glucose plus palmitate. Transfection of Sirtuin-1 small interfering RNA prevented hnRNP F stimulation of Foxo3α and downregulation of acetylated p53 expression. hnRNP F stimulated Sirtuin-1 transcription via hnRNP F-responsive element in the Sirtuin-1 promoter. Human T2D kidneys exhibited more RPTC apoptosis and lower expression of hnRNP F, SIRTUIN-1, and FOXO3α than nondiabetic kidneys. Our results demonstrate that hnRNP F protects kidneys against oxidative stress and nephropathy via stimulation of Sirtuin-1 expression and signaling in diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Aged
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Blotting, Western
- Case-Control Studies
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/etiology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/genetics
- Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Fibrosis
- Forkhead Box Protein O3
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group F-H/genetics
- Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group F-H/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Nick-End Labeling
- In Vitro Techniques
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Middle Aged
- Oxidative Stress
- Rats
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Leptin/genetics
- Sirtuin 1/genetics
- Sirtuin 1/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Sheng Lo
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yixuan Shi
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Chenier
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anindya Ghosh
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chin-Han Wu
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Cailhier
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Ethier
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Baptiste Lattouf
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Janos G Filep
- Centre de recherche, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie R Ingelfinger
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John S D Chan
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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22
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Murine recombinant angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 attenuates kidney injury in experimental Alport syndrome. Kidney Int 2017; 91:1347-1361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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23
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Moon JS, Won KC. Oxidative stress: link between hypertension and diabetes. Korean J Intern Med 2017; 32:439-441. [PMID: 28490720 PMCID: PMC5432812 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2017.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyu Chang Won
- Correspondence to Kyu Chang Won, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea Tel: +82-53-620-3846 Fax: +82-53-654-3486 E-mail:
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24
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Ghosh A, Abdo S, Zhao S, Wu CH, Shi Y, Lo CS, Chenier I, Alquier T, Filep JG, Ingelfinger JR, Zhang SL, Chan JSD. Insulin Inhibits Nrf2 Gene Expression via Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein F/K in Diabetic Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:903-919. [PMID: 28324005 PMCID: PMC5460794 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress induces endogenous antioxidants via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), potentially preventing tissue injury. We investigated whether insulin affects renal Nrf2 expression in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and studied its underlying mechanism. Insulin normalized hyperglycemia, hypertension, oxidative stress, and renal injury; inhibited renal Nrf2 and angiotensinogen (Agt) gene expression; and upregulated heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F and K (hnRNP F and hnRNP K) expression in Akita mice with T1D. In immortalized rat renal proximal tubular cells, insulin suppressed Nrf2 and Agt but stimulated hnRNP F and hnRNP K gene transcription in high glucose via p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Transfection with small interfering RNAs of p44/42 MAPK, hnRNP F, or hnRNP K blocked insulin inhibition of Nrf2 gene transcription. Insulin curbed Nrf2 promoter activity via a specific DNA-responsive element that binds hnRNP F/K, and hnRNP F/K overexpression curtailed Nrf2 promoter activity. In hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic mice, renal Nrf2 and Agt expression was downregulated, whereas hnRNP F/K expression was upregulated. Thus, the beneficial actions of insulin in diabetic nephropathy appear to be mediated, in part, by suppressing renal Nrf2 and Agt gene transcription and preventing Nrf2 stimulation of Agt expression via hnRNP F/K. These findings identify hnRNP F/K and Nrf2 as potential therapeutic targets in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shaaban Abdo
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shuiling Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chin-Han Wu
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yixuan Shi
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chao-Sheng Lo
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Chenier
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thierry Alquier
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Janos G Filep
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie R Ingelfinger
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John S D Chan
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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25
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Burns KD, Lytvyn Y, Mahmud FH, Daneman D, Deda L, Dunger DB, Deanfield J, Dalton RN, Elia Y, Har R, Van JA, Bradley TJ, Slorach C, Hui W, Xiao F, Zimpelmann J, Mertens L, Moineddin R, Reich HN, Sochett E, Scholey JW, Cherney DZI. The relationship between urinary renin-angiotensin system markers, renal function, and blood pressure in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 312:F335-F342. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00438.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the renal renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) and cardiorenal pathophysiology is unclear. Our aims were to assess 1) levels of urinary RAAS components and 2) the association between RAAS components and HbA1c, the urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and blood pressure (BP) in otherwise healthy adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (TID) vs. healthy controls (HC). Urinary angiotensinogen and angtionsin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 levels, activity of ACE and ACE2, BP, HbA1c, ACR, and eGFR were measured in 65 HC and 194 T1D from the Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes Cardio-Renal Intervention Trial (AdDIT). Urinary levels of all RAAS components were higher in T1D vs. HC ( P < 0.0001). Higher HbA1c was associated with higher urinary angiotensinogen, ACE2, and higher activity of ACE and ACE2 ( P < 0.0001, P = 0.0003, P = 0.003, and P = 0.007 respectively) in T1D. Higher ACR (within the normal range) was associated with higher urinary angiotensinogen ( P < 0.0001) and ACE activity ( P = 0.007), but not with urinary ACE2 activity or ACE2 levels. These observations were absent in HC. Urinary RAAS components were not associated with BP or eGFR in T1D or HC. Otherwise healthy adolescents with T1D exhibit higher levels of urinary RAAS components compared with HC. While levels of all urinary RAAS components correlate with HbA1c in T1D, only urinary angiotensinogen and ACE activity correlate with ACR, suggesting that these factors reflect an intermediary pathogenic link between hyperglycemia and albuminuria within the normal range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Burns
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuliya Lytvyn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Farid H. Mahmud
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, JDRF-Canadian Clinical Trial Network (JDRF-CCTN) SickKids Multicenter Clinical Trial Center
| | - Denis Daneman
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, JDRF-Canadian Clinical Trial Network (JDRF-CCTN) SickKids Multicenter Clinical Trial Center
| | - Livia Deda
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, JDRF-Canadian Clinical Trial Network (JDRF-CCTN) SickKids Multicenter Clinical Trial Center
| | - David B. Dunger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Deanfield
- University College Hospital, Heart Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - R. Neil Dalton
- WellChild Laboratory, Evelina Children's Hospital, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yesmino Elia
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, JDRF-Canadian Clinical Trial Network (JDRF-CCTN) SickKids Multicenter Clinical Trial Center
| | - Ronnie Har
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julie A.D. Van
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Timothy J. Bradley
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and
| | - Cameron Slorach
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and
| | - Wei Hui
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and
| | - Fengxia Xiao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Zimpelmann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luc Mertens
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and
| | - Rahim Moineddin
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Heather N. Reich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Etienne Sochett
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, JDRF-Canadian Clinical Trial Network (JDRF-CCTN) SickKids Multicenter Clinical Trial Center
| | - James W. Scholey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David Z. I. Cherney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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26
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Vorn R, Yoo HY. Effects of high glucose with or without other metabolic substrates on alpha-adrenergic contractions in rat mesenteric and femoral arteries. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 21:91-97. [PMID: 28066145 PMCID: PMC5214915 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.1.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. It has been demonstrated that chronic exposure to high glucose impaired endothelial functions. However, specific effects of short-term exposure to high glucose on vascular reactivity are controversial. Moreover, the combined effects of other metabolic substrates such as free fatty acids (FFA) on vascular reactivity remain poorly understood. Here we investigate the effects of short-term exposure to high glucose with or without other metabolic substrates including FFAs termed “nutrition full” (NF) solution, on mesenteric (MA) and deep femoral arteries (DFA) of rats. Arterial ring segments were mounted in a double-wire myograph. Contraction in response to phenylephrine (PhE) was determined in control (5 mM) and high glucose (23 mM, HG) environments over a 30 min period. In both arteries, PhE-inducedvasocontraction was enhanced by pre-incubation of HG solution. A combined incubation with HG and palmitic acid (100 µM) induced similar sensitization of PhE-contractions in both arteries. In contrast, high K+-induced contractions were not affected by HG. Interestingly, pre-incubation with NF solution decreased PhE-induced contraction in MA but increased the contraction in DFA. In NF solution, the HG-induced facilitation of PhE-contraction was not observed in MA. Furthermore, the PhE-induced contraction of DFA was attenuated by HG in NF solution. Our results demonstrate that the sensitization of PhE-induced arterial contraction by HG is differentially affected by other metabolic substrates. The conversation of skeletal arterial contractility by HG in NF solution requires careful interpretation of the previous in vitro studies where only glucose is included in physiological salt solutions. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism underlying the inconsistent effect of NF solution on MA and DFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rany Vorn
- Chung-Ang University Red Cross College of Nursing, Seoul 06974, Korea.; Chung-Ang University Graduate School, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Hae Young Yoo
- Chung-Ang University Red Cross College of Nursing, Seoul 06974, Korea
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27
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Circadian rhythm of blood pressure and the renin–angiotensin system in the kidney. Hypertens Res 2016; 40:413-422. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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28
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Zhou L, Liu Y. Wnt/β-catenin signaling and renin-angiotensin system in chronic kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2016; 25:100-6. [PMID: 26808707 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Intrarenal activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and chronic kidney diseases (CKD). However, how RAS genes are regulated in vivo was poorly understood until recently. This review focuses on recent findings of the transcriptional regulation of RAS components, as well as their implication in developing novel strategies to treat the patients with CKD. RECENT FINDINGS Bioinformatics analyses have uncovered the presence of putative binding sites for T-cell factor/β-catenin in the promoter region of all RAS genes. Both in-vitro and in-vivo studies confirm that Wnt/β-catenin is the master upstream regulator that controls the expression of all RAS components tested, such as angiotensinogen, renin, angiotensin converting enzyme and the angiotensin II type I receptor in the kidney. Targeted inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin, by either small molecule ICG-001 or endogenous Wnt antagonist Klotho, represses RAS activation and ameliorates proteinuria and kidney injury. Blockade of Wnt/β-catenin signaling also normalizes blood pressure in a mouse model of CKD. SUMMARY These recent studies identify Wnt/β-catenin as the master regulator that controls multiple RAS genes, and suggest that targeting this upstream signaling could be an effective strategy for the treatment of patients with hypertension and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhou
- aState Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China bDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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29
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Jha JC, Banal C, Chow BSM, Cooper ME, Jandeleit-Dahm K. Diabetes and Kidney Disease: Role of Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:657-684. [PMID: 26906673 PMCID: PMC5069735 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intrarenal oxidative stress plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Enhanced oxidative stress results from overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the context of concomitant, insufficient antioxidant pathways. Renal ROS production in diabetes is predominantly mediated by various NADPH oxidases (NOXs), but a defective antioxidant system as well as mitochondrial dysfunction may also contribute. Recent Advances: Effective agents targeting the source of ROS generation hold the promise to rescue the kidney from oxidative damage and prevent subsequent progression of DKD. Critical Issues and Future Directions: In the present review, we summarize and critically analyze molecular and cellular mechanisms that have been demonstrated to be involved in NOX-induced renal injury in diabetes, with particular focus on the role of increased glomerular injury, the development of albuminuria, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, novel agents targeting NOX isoforms are discussed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 657-684.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay C Jha
- 1 Diabetic Complications Division, JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Claudine Banal
- 1 Diabetic Complications Division, JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bryna S M Chow
- 1 Diabetic Complications Division, JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark E Cooper
- 1 Diabetic Complications Division, JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Australia .,2 Department of Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
- 1 Diabetic Complications Division, JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Australia .,2 Department of Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia
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30
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Ramalingam L, Menikdiwela K, LeMieux M, Dufour JM, Kaur G, Kalupahana N, Moustaid-Moussa N. The renin angiotensin system, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in obesity and insulin resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:1106-1114. [PMID: 27497523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease characterized by excessive expansion of adipose tissue and is an important risk factor for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, obesity is a major contributor to inflammation and oxidative stress, all of which are key underlying causes for diabetes and insulin resistance. Specifically, adipose tissue secretes bioactives molecules such as inflammatory hormone angiotensin II, generated in the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) from its precursor angiotensinogen. Accumulated evidence suggests that RAS may serve as a strong link between obesity and insulin resistance. Dysregulation of RAS also occurs in several other tissues including those involved in regulation of glucose and whole body homeostasis as well as insulin sensitivity such as muscle, liver and pancreas and heart. Here we review the scientific evidence for these interactions and potential roles for oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in these target tissues which may mediate effects of RAS in metabolic diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Quality in Diabetes/Obesity and Critical Illness Spectrum of Diseases - edited by P. Hemachandra Reddy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States; Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Kalhara Menikdiwela
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Monique LeMieux
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Women's University, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Jannette M Dufour
- Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States; Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Gurvinder Kaur
- Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States; Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Nishan Kalupahana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States; Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States; Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.
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31
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Peroxisomes are organelles present in most eukaryotic cells. The organs with the highest density of peroxisomes are the liver and kidneys. Peroxisomes possess more than fifty enzymes and fulfill a multitude of biological tasks. They actively participate in apoptosis, innate immunity, and inflammation. In recent years, a considerable amount of evidence has been collected to support the involvement of peroxisomes in the pathogenesis of kidney injury. RECENT ADVANCES The nature of the two most important peroxisomal tasks, beta-oxidation of fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide turnover, functionally relates peroxisomes to mitochondria. Further support for their communication and cooperation is furnished by the evidence that both organelles share the components of their division machinery. Until recently, the majority of studies on the molecular mechanisms of kidney injury focused primarily on mitochondria and neglected peroxisomes. CRITICAL ISSUES The aim of this concise review is to introduce the reader to the field of peroxisome biology and to provide an overview of the evidence about the contribution of peroxisomes to the development and progression of kidney injury. The topics of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, endotoxin-induced kidney injury, diabetic nephropathy, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, as well as the potential therapeutic implications of peroxisome activation, are addressed in this review. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Despite recent progress, further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms induced by dysfunctional peroxisomes and the role of the dysregulated mitochondria-peroxisome axis in the pathogenesis of renal injury. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 217-231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radovan Vasko
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen, Germany
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32
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Clotet S, Riera M, Pascual J, Soler MJ. RAS and sex differences in diabetic nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F945-F957. [PMID: 26962103 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00292.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and progression of kidney diseases are influenced by sex. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important regulator of cardiovascular and renal function. Sex differences in the renal response to RAS blockade have been demonstrated. Circulating and renal RAS has been shown to be altered in type 1 and type 2 diabetes; this enzymatic cascade plays a critical role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 are differentially regulated depending on its localization within the diabetic kidney. Furthermore, clinical and experimental studies have shown that circulating levels of sex hormones are clearly modulated in the context of diabetes, suggesting that sex-dependent RAS regulation may be also be affected in these individuals. The effect of sex hormones on circulating and renal RAS may be involved in the sex differences observed in DN progression. In this paper we will review the influence of sex hormones on RAS expression and its relation to diabetic kidney disease. A better understanding of the sex dimorphism on RAS might provide a new approach for diabetic kidney disease treatment.
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Tojo A, Kinugasa S, Fujita T, Wilcox CS. A local renal renin-angiotensin system activation via renal uptake of prorenin and angiotensinogen in diabetic rats. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2016; 9:1-10. [PMID: 26848273 PMCID: PMC4723098 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s91245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of activation of local renal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has not been clarified in diabetes mellitus (DM). We hypothesized that the local renal RAS will be activated via increased glomerular filtration and tubular uptake of prorenin and angiotensinogen in diabetic kidney with microalbuminuria. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM and control rats were injected with human prorenin and subsequently with human angiotensinogen. Human prorenin uptake was increased in podocytes, proximal tubules, macula densa, and cortical collecting ducts of DM rats where prorenin receptor (PRR) was expressed. Co-immunoprecipitation of kidney homogenates in DM rats revealed binding of human prorenin to the PRR and to megalin. The renal uptake of human angiotensinogen was increased in DM rats at the same nephron sites as prorenin. Angiotensin-converting enzyme was increased in podocytes, but decreased in the proximal tubules in DM rats, which may have contributed to unchanged renal levels of angiotensin despite increased angiotensinogen. The systolic blood pressure increased more after the injection of 20 μg of angiotensinogen in DM rats than in controls, accompanied by an increased uptake of human angiotensinogen in the vascular endothelium. In conclusion, endocytic uptake of prorenin and angiotensinogen in the kidney and vasculature in DM rats was contributed to increased tissue RAS and their pressor response to angiotensinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tojo
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence: Akihiro Tojo, Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, Tel +81 3 3815 5411 ext 37219, Fax +81 3 3814 0021, Email
| | - Satoshi Kinugasa
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christopher S Wilcox
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Center for Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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34
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Lo CS, Shi Y, Chang SY, Abdo S, Chenier I, Filep JG, Ingelfinger JR, Zhang SL, Chan JSD. Overexpression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F stimulates renal Ace-2 gene expression and prevents TGF-β1-induced kidney injury in a mouse model of diabetes. Diabetologia 2015; 58:2443-54. [PMID: 26232095 PMCID: PMC4572079 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We investigated whether heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F (hnRNP F) stimulates renal ACE-2 expression and prevents TGF-β1 signalling, TGF-β1 inhibition of Ace-2 gene expression and induction of tubulo-fibrosis in an Akita mouse model of type 1 diabetes. METHODS Adult male Akita transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing specifically hnRNP F in their renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs) were studied. Non-Akita littermates and Akita mice served as controls. Immortalised rat RPTCs stably transfected with plasmid containing either rat Hnrnpf cDNA or rat Ace-2 gene promoter were also studied. RESULTS Overexpression of hnRNP F attenuated systemic hypertension, glomerular filtration rate, albumin/creatinine ratio, urinary angiotensinogen (AGT) and angiotensin (Ang) II levels, renal fibrosis and profibrotic gene (Agt, Tgf-β1, TGF-β receptor II [Tgf-βrII]) expression, stimulated anti-profibrotic gene (Ace-2 and Ang 1-7 receptor [MasR]) expression, and normalised urinary Ang 1-7 level in Akita Hnrnpf-Tg mice as compared with Akita mice. In vitro, hnRNP F overexpression stimulated Ace-2 gene promoter activity, mRNA and protein expression, and attenuated Agt, Tgf-β1 and Tgf-βrII gene expression. Furthermore, hnRNP F overexpression prevented TGF-β1 signalling and TGF-β1 inhibition of Ace-2 gene expression. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These data demonstrate that hnRNP F stimulates Ace-2 gene transcription, prevents TGF-β1 inhibition of Ace-2 gene transcription and induction of kidney injury in diabetes. HnRNP F may be a potential target for treating hypertension and renal fibrosis in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Sheng Lo
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) - Tour Viger Pavillon R, Université de Montréal, 900 Saint-Denis Street, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Yixuan Shi
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) - Tour Viger Pavillon R, Université de Montréal, 900 Saint-Denis Street, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Shiao-Ying Chang
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) - Tour Viger Pavillon R, Université de Montréal, 900 Saint-Denis Street, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Shaaban Abdo
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) - Tour Viger Pavillon R, Université de Montréal, 900 Saint-Denis Street, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Isabelle Chenier
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) - Tour Viger Pavillon R, Université de Montréal, 900 Saint-Denis Street, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Janos G Filep
- Research Centre, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie R Ingelfinger
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) - Tour Viger Pavillon R, Université de Montréal, 900 Saint-Denis Street, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - John S D Chan
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) - Tour Viger Pavillon R, Université de Montréal, 900 Saint-Denis Street, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
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Wu L, Wang Q, Guo F, Zhou Y, Ji H, Liu F, Ma X, Zhao Y, Qin G. Activation of FoxO1/ PGC-1α prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and ameliorates mesangial cell injury in diabetic rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 413:1-12. [PMID: 26123583 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The generation of hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a key event in diabetic nephropathy development. The forkhead-box class O1 (FoxO1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) proteins are implicated in oxidative stress. We investigated the in vivo association of FoxO1 and PGC-1α in renal cortices from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and in rat kidney mesangial cells (MCs) treated with high glucose, in vitro. High-glucose induced FoxO1 inhibition was associated with decreased PGC-1α expression in MCs. These changes were accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction and increased ROS generation. However, constitutive FoxO1 activation increased PGC-1α expression and partially reversed these changes, which were significantly decreased by the treatment of PGC-1α-small interfering RNA. We identified PGC-1α as a direct FoxO1 transcriptional target by chromatin immunoprecipitation. In addition, lentiviral-mediated FoxO1 overexpression in diabetic-rat kidneys significantly increased PGC-1α, NRF-1, and Mfn2 expression, and decreased malondialdehyde production and proteinuria. These data suggest that FoxO1/PGC-1α activation protected rats against high-glucose-induced MC injury by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qingzhu Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yingni Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hongfei Ji
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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Angiotensin-(1-7) prevents systemic hypertension, attenuates oxidative stress and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and normalizes renal angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and Mas receptor expression in diabetic mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 128:649-63. [PMID: 25495544 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between Ang-(1-7) [angiotensin-(1-7)] action, sHTN (systolic hypertension), oxidative stress, kidney injury, ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme-2) and MasR [Ang-(1-7) receptor] expression in Type 1 diabetic Akita mice. Ang-(1-7) was administered daily [500 μg/kg of BW (body weight) per day, subcutaneously] to male Akita mice from 14 weeks of age with or without co-administration of an antagonist of the MasR, A779 (10 mg/kg of BW per day). The animals were killed at 20 weeks of age. Age-matched WT (wild-type) mice served as controls. Ang-(1-7) administration prevented sHTN and attenuated kidney injury (reduced urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, glomerular hyperfiltration, renal hypertrophy and fibrosis, and tubular apoptosis) without affecting blood glucose levels in Akita mice. Ang-(1-7) also attenuated renal oxidative stress and the expression of oxidative stress-inducible proteins (NADPH oxidase 4, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, haem oxygenase 1), pro-hypertensive proteins (angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme, sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3) and profibrotic proteins (transforming growth factor-β1 and collagen IV), and increased the expression of anti-hypertensive proteins (ACE2 and MasR) in Akita mouse kidneys. These effects were reversed by A779. Our data suggest that Ang-(1-7) plays a protective role in sHTN and RPTC (renal proximal tubular cell) injury in diabetes, at least in part, through decreasing renal oxidative stress-mediated signalling and normalizing ACE2 and MasR expression.
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Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a progressive proteinuric renal disorder in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is a common cause of end-stage kidney disease worldwide, particularly in developed countries. Therapeutic targeting of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is the most validated clinical strategy for slowing disease progression. DKD is paradoxically a low systematic renin state with an increased intrarenal RAS activity implicated in its pathogenesis. Angiotensin II (AngII), the main peptide of RAS, is not only a vasoactive peptide but functions as a growth factor, activating interstitial fibroblasts and mesangial and tubular cells, while promoting the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins. AngII also promotes podocyte injury through increased calcium influx and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Blockade of the RAS using either angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor blockers can attenuate progressive glomerulosclerosis in animal models, and slows disease progression in humans with DKD. In this review, we summarize the role of intrarenal RAS activation in the pathogenesis and progression of DKD and the rationale for RAS inhibition in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabi Yacoub
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kirk N Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Park JH, Jang HR, Lee JH, Lee JE, Huh W, Lee KB, Kwon YJ, Do JY, Kim HY, Kim YG. Comparison of intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activity in diabetic versus non-diabetic patients with overt proteinuria. Nephrology (Carlton) 2015; 20:279-85. [DOI: 10.1111/nep.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyeon Park
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Hye Ryoun Jang
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Department of Medicine; Konkuk University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Wooseong Huh
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Kyu-Beck Lee
- Department of Medicine; Kangbuk Samsung Hospital; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Young-Joo Kwon
- Department of Medicine; Korea University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Jun Young Do
- Department of Medicine; Yeungnam University Hospital; Daegu Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Department of Medicine; Chungbuk National University Hospital; Cheongju Korea
| | - Yoon-Goo Kim
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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Bae EH, Konvalinka A, Fang F, Zhou X, Williams V, Maksimowski N, Song X, Zhang SL, John R, Oudit GY, Pei Y, Scholey JW. Characterization of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system in experimental alport syndrome. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1423-35. [PMID: 25777062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system attenuates the progression of experimental and clinical Alport syndrome (AS); however, the underlying mechanism(s) remains largely unknown. We evaluated the renin-angiotensin system in 4- and 7-week-old homozygous for collagen, type IV, α3 gene (Col4A3(-/-)) and wild-type mice, a model of AS characterized by proteinuria and progressive renal injury. Renal angiotensin (Ang) II levels increased, whereas renal Ang-(1-7) levels decreased in 7-week-old Col4a3(-/-) mice compared with age-matched controls; these changes were partially reversed by recombinant angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) treatment. The expression of both the angiotensinogen and renin protein increased in Col4a3(-/-) compared with wild-type mice. Consistent with the Ang-(1-7) levels, the expression and activity of kidney ACE2 decreased in 7-week-old Col4a3(-/-) mice. The urinary excretion rate of ACE2 paralleled the decline in tissue expression. Expression of an Ang II-induced gene, heme oxygenase-1, was up-regulated in the kidneys of 7-week-old Col4a3(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice by microarray analysis. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expression was increased in kidneys of Col4a3(-/-) mice and normalized by treatment with ACE inhibitor. Urinary HO-1 excretion paralleled renal HO-1 expression. In conclusion, progressive kidney injury in AS is associated with changes in expression of intrarenal renin Ang system components and Ang peptides. HO-1 and ACE2 may represent novel markers of AS-associated kidney injury, whereas administration of recombinant ACE2 and/or Ang-(1-7) may represent novel therapeutic approaches in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hui Bae
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ana Konvalinka
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fei Fang
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaohua Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa Williams
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas Maksimowski
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xuewen Song
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Genomic Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, Hộtel-DieuHộpital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rohan John
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - York Pei
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Genomic Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James W Scholey
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Padda RS, Shi Y, Lo CS, Zhang SL, Chan JSD. Angiotensin-(1-7): A Novel Peptide to Treat Hypertension and Nephropathy in Diabetes? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 6. [PMID: 26793405 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6156.1000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a pivotal role in mammalian homeostasis physiology. The RAS can be delineated into a classical RAS (the pressor arm) including angiotensinogen (Agt), renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II (Ang II) and angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R), and a counterbalancing novel RAS (the depressor arm) including Agt, renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang 1-7) and Ang 1-7 receptor (or Mas receptor (MasR)). Hyperglycemia (diabetes) induces severe tissue oxidative stress, which stimulates the pressor arm of the renal RAS axis and leads to an increase in ACE/ACE-2 ratio, with excessive formation of Ang II. There is a growing body of evidence for beneficial effects of the depressor arm of RAS (ACE-2/Ang 1-7/MasR) axis in diabetes, hypertension and several other diseased conditions. Evidence from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies reflects anti-oxidant, anti-fibrotic, and anti-inflammatory properties of Ang 1-7. Most of the currently available therapies only target suppression of the pressor arm of RAS with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and ACE inhibitors (ACEi). However, it is time to consider simultaneous activation of the depressor arm for more effective outcomes. This review summarizes the recent updates on the protective role of Ang 1-7 in hypertension and kidney injury in diabetes, as well as the possible underlying mechanism(s) of Ang 1-7 action, suggesting that the ACE-2/Ang 1-7/MasR axis can be developed as a therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes-induced hypertension and renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Singh Padda
- Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2X 0A9
| | - Yixuan Shi
- Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2X 0A9
| | - Chao-Sheng Lo
- Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2X 0A9
| | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2X 0A9
| | - John S D Chan
- Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2X 0A9
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Abdo S, Zhang SL, Chan JSD. Reactive Oxygen Species and Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Activation in Diabetic Nephropathy: A Hidden Target. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 26213634 PMCID: PMC4511631 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6156.1000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) dysfunction have been implicated in diabetic nephropathy (DN) progression, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are far from being fully understood. In addition to the systemic RAS, the existence of a local intrarenal RAS in renal proximal tubular cells has been recognized. Angiotensinogen is the sole precursor of all angiotensins (Ang). Intrarenal reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, Ang II level and RAS gene expression are up-regulated in diabetes, indicating that intrarenal ROS and RAS activation play an important role in DN. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) pathway is one of the major protective processes that occurs in response to intracellular oxidative stress. Nrf2 stimulates an array of antioxidant enzymes that convert excessive ROS to less reactive or less damaging forms. Recent studies have, however, revealed that Nrf2 activation might have other undesirable effects in diabetic animals and in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease. This mini-review summarizes current knowledge of the relationship between ROS, Nrf2 and intra renal RAS activation in DN progression as well as possible novel target(s) for DN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaaban Abdo
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal and Research Center Hospital of QC, Canada
| | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal and Research Center Hospital of QC, Canada
| | - John S D Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal and Research Center Hospital of QC, Canada
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Abdo S, Shi Y, Otoukesh A, Ghosh A, Lo CS, Chenier I, Filep JG, Ingelfinger JR, Zhang SL, Chan JSD. Catalase overexpression prevents nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 stimulation of renal angiotensinogen gene expression, hypertension, and kidney injury in diabetic mice. Diabetes 2014; 63:3483-96. [PMID: 24812425 PMCID: PMC4171660 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of catalase (Cat) overexpression in renal proximal tubule cells (RPTCs) on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) stimulation of angiotensinogen (Agt) gene expression and the development of hypertension and renal injury in diabetic Akita transgenic mice. Additionally, adult male mice were treated with the Nrf2 activator oltipraz with or without the inhibitor trigonelline. Rat RPTCs, stably transfected with plasmid containing either rat Agt or Nrf2 gene promoter, were also studied. Cat overexpression normalized systolic BP, attenuated renal injury, and inhibited RPTC Nrf2, Agt, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene expression in Akita Cat transgenic mice compared with Akita mice. In vitro, high glucose level, hydrogen peroxide, and oltipraz stimulated Nrf2 and Agt gene expression; these changes were blocked by trigonelline, small interfering RNAs of Nrf2, antioxidants, or pharmacological inhibitors of nuclear factor-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. The deletion of Nrf2-responsive elements in the rat Agt gene promoter abolished the stimulatory effect of oltipraz. Oltipraz administration also augmented Agt, HO-1, and Nrf2 gene expression in mouse RPTCs and was reversed by trigonelline. These data identify a novel mechanism, Nrf2-mediated stimulation of intrarenal Agt gene expression and activation of the renin-angiotensin system, by which hyperglycemia induces hypertension and renal injury in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaaban Abdo
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yixuan Shi
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Abouzar Otoukesh
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anindya Ghosh
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Chao-Sheng Lo
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Chenier
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Janos G Filep
- Research Centre, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie R Ingelfinger
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shao Ling Zhang
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - John S D Chan
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Gao N, Wang H, Zhang X, Yang Z. The inhibitory effect of angiotensin II on BKCa channels in podocytes via oxidative stress. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 398:217-22. [PMID: 25234195 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2221-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is an important active substance of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The present study has confirmed that abnormalities of Ang II may be related with cerebrovascular diseases, endocrine diseases, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, such as: cerebral hypoxia, diabetes, obesity, atrial fibrillation, and liver cirrhosis. However, understanding effects of Ang II on podocytes is not enough. This study was to investigate the effects of oxidative stress on the large conductance, Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (BKCa). Results from the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that Ang II induced podocyte death in a concentration-dependent manner. The measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) generation demonstrated that Ang II decreased the total SOD of cellular levels. Meaningfully, pretreatment of a type of ROS scavenger formulations named N-(mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (N-MPG) could inhibit podocyte apoptosis induced by Ang II. Meanwhile, patch-clamp technique was used in this study to detect the effects of Ang II on currents of BKCa channel in podocytes. The results indicated that Ang II inhibited the current amplitude of BKCa channel and decreased the slope of I-V curve. Ang II also made the activation curves of BKCa channel shift to the left. These results may provide a theoretical basis for potential treatment of chronic glomerular disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Gao
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Takao T, Horino T, Matsumoto R, Shimamura Y, Ogata K, Inoue K, Taniguchi Y, Taguchi T, Terada Y. Possible roles of tumor necrosis factor-α and angiotensin II type 1 receptor on high glucose-induced damage in renal proximal tubular cells. Ren Fail 2014; 37:160-4. [PMID: 25222109 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2014.959434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified that high glucose-induced renal tubular cell damage. We previously demonstrated that high glucose treatment induced oxidative stress in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs), and angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blockers reduce high glucose-induced oxidative stress in RPTEC possibly via blockade of intracellular as well as extracellular AT1 receptor. However, exact roles of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and AT1 receptor on high glucose-induced renal tubular function remain unclear. N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG), concentrations of TNF-α/angiotensin II and p22(phox) protein levels after high glucose treatment with or without AT1 receptor blocker or thalidomide, an inhibitor of TNF-α protein synthesis, were measured in immortalized human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK2 cells). AT1 receptor knockdown was performed with AT1 receptor small interfering RNA (siRNA). High glucose treatment (30 mM) significantly increased NAG release, TNF-α/angiotensin II concentrations in cell media and p22(phox) protein levels compared with those in regular glucose medium (5.6 mM). Candesartan, an AT1R blocker, showed a significant reduction on high glucose-induced NAG release, TNF-α concentrations and p22(phox) protein levels in HK2 cells. In addition, significant decreases of NAG release, TNF-α concentrations and p22(phox) protein levels in HK2 cells were observed in high glucose-treated group with thalidomide. AT1R knockdown with siRNA markedly reversed high glucose, angiotensin II or TNF-α-induced p22(phox) protein levels in HK2 cells. TNF-α may be involved in high glucose-induced renal tubular damage in HK2 cells possibly via AT1 receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Takao
- Department of Health Care Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School , Kurashiki , Japan and
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Qi Y, Zhang K, Wu Y, Xu Z, Yong QC, Kumar R, Baker KM, Zhu Q, Chen S, Guo S. Novel mechanism of blood pressure regulation by forkhead box class O1-mediated transcriptional control of hepatic angiotensinogen. Hypertension 2014; 64:1131-40. [PMID: 25069665 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system is a major determinant of blood pressure regulation. It consists of a cascade of enzymatic reactions involving 3 components: angiotensinogen, renin, and angiotensin-converting enzyme, which generate angiotensin II as a biologically active product. Angiotensinogen is largely produced in the liver, acting as a major determinant of the circulating renin-angiotensin system, which exerts acute hemodynamic effects on blood pressure regulation. How the expression of angiotensinogen is regulated is not completely understood. Here, we hypothesize that angiotensinogen is regulated by forkhead transcription factor forkhead box class O1 (Foxo1), an insulin-suppressed transcription factor, and thereby controls blood pressure in mice. We generated liver-specific Foxo1 knockout mice, which exhibited a reduction in plasma angiotensinogen and angiotensin II levels and a significant decrease in blood pressure. Using hepatocyte cultures, we demonstrated that overexpression of Foxo1 increased angiotensinogen expression, whereas hepatocytes lacking Foxo1 demonstrated a reduction of angiotensinogen gene expression and partially impaired insulin inhibition on angiotensinogen gene expression. Furthermore, mouse angiotensinogen prompter analysis demonstrated that the angiotensinogen promoter region contains a functional Foxo1-binding site, which is responsible for both Foxo1 stimulation and insulin suppression on the promoter activity. Together, these data demonstrate that Foxo1 regulates hepatic angiotensinogen gene expression and controls plasma angiotensinogen and angiotensin II levels, modulating blood pressure control in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Qi
- From the Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Balyor Scott & White Health, Temple (Y.Q., K.Z., Y.W., Z.X., Q.C.Y., R.K., K.M.B., Q.Z., S.C., S.G.); and Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple (Y.Q., K.Z., Y.W., Z.X., Q.C.Y., R.K., K.M.B., Q.Z., S.C., S.G.)
| | - Kebin Zhang
- From the Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Balyor Scott & White Health, Temple (Y.Q., K.Z., Y.W., Z.X., Q.C.Y., R.K., K.M.B., Q.Z., S.C., S.G.); and Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple (Y.Q., K.Z., Y.W., Z.X., Q.C.Y., R.K., K.M.B., Q.Z., S.C., S.G.)
| | - Yuxin Wu
- From the Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Balyor Scott & White Health, Temple (Y.Q., K.Z., Y.W., Z.X., Q.C.Y., R.K., K.M.B., Q.Z., S.C., S.G.); and Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple (Y.Q., K.Z., Y.W., Z.X., Q.C.Y., R.K., K.M.B., Q.Z., S.C., S.G.)
| | - Zihui Xu
- From the Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Balyor Scott & White Health, Temple (Y.Q., K.Z., Y.W., Z.X., Q.C.Y., R.K., K.M.B., Q.Z., S.C., S.G.); and Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple (Y.Q., K.Z., Y.W., Z.X., Q.C.Y., R.K., K.M.B., Q.Z., S.C., S.G.)
| | - Qian Chen Yong
- From the Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Balyor Scott & White Health, Temple (Y.Q., K.Z., Y.W., Z.X., Q.C.Y., R.K., K.M.B., Q.Z., S.C., S.G.); and Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple (Y.Q., K.Z., Y.W., Z.X., Q.C.Y., R.K., K.M.B., Q.Z., S.C., S.G.)
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- From the Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Balyor Scott & White Health, Temple (Y.Q., K.Z., Y.W., Z.X., Q.C.Y., R.K., K.M.B., Q.Z., S.C., S.G.); and Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple (Y.Q., K.Z., Y.W., Z.X., Q.C.Y., R.K., K.M.B., Q.Z., S.C., S.G.)
| | - Kenneth M Baker
- From the Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Balyor Scott & White Health, Temple (Y.Q., K.Z., Y.W., Z.X., Q.C.Y., R.K., K.M.B., Q.Z., S.C., S.G.); and Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple (Y.Q., K.Z., Y.W., Z.X., Q.C.Y., R.K., K.M.B., Q.Z., S.C., S.G.)
| | - Qinglei Zhu
- From the Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Balyor Scott & White Health, Temple (Y.Q., K.Z., Y.W., Z.X., Q.C.Y., R.K., K.M.B., Q.Z., S.C., S.G.); and Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple (Y.Q., K.Z., Y.W., Z.X., Q.C.Y., R.K., K.M.B., Q.Z., S.C., S.G.)
| | - Shouwen Chen
- From the Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Balyor Scott & White Health, Temple (Y.Q., K.Z., Y.W., Z.X., Q.C.Y., R.K., K.M.B., Q.Z., S.C., S.G.); and Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple (Y.Q., K.Z., Y.W., Z.X., Q.C.Y., R.K., K.M.B., Q.Z., S.C., S.G.)
| | - Shaodong Guo
- From the Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Balyor Scott & White Health, Temple (Y.Q., K.Z., Y.W., Z.X., Q.C.Y., R.K., K.M.B., Q.Z., S.C., S.G.); and Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple (Y.Q., K.Z., Y.W., Z.X., Q.C.Y., R.K., K.M.B., Q.Z., S.C., S.G.).
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Patinha D, Afonso J, Sousa T, Morato M, Albino-Teixeira A. Diabetes-induced increase of renal medullary hydrogen peroxide and urinary angiotensinogen is similar in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2014; 108:71-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Teshima Y, Takahashi N, Nishio S, Saito S, Kondo H, Fukui A, Aoki K, Yufu K, Nakagawa M, Saikawa T. Production of reactive oxygen species in the diabetic heart. Roles of mitochondria and NADPH oxidase. Circ J 2013; 78:300-6. [PMID: 24334638 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the main facilitators of cardiovascular complications in diabetes mellitus (DM), and the ROS level is increased in cultured cells exposed to high glucose concentrations or in diabetic animal models. Emerging evidence shows that mitochondria and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase are dominant mechanisms of ROS production in the diabetic heart. Hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial inner membrane potentials and impaired mitochondrial function promote ROS production in the mitochondria of the diabetic heart. Uncoupling proteins are upregulated and may reduce the ROS level by depolarizing the mitochondrial inner membrane potential. NADPH oxidase is another major site of ROS production and its contribution to DM-induced ROS increase has been elucidated not only in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, but also in cardiomyocytes. Protein kinase C, angiotensin II, and advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs)/receptor for AGEs can activate NADPH oxidase. Increased intracellular calcium level mediated via the Na(+)-H(+) exchanger and subsequent activation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II may also activate NADPH oxidase. This review presents the current understanding of the mechanisms of ROS production, focusing especially on the roles of mitochondria and NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Teshima
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University
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48
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Podocyte injury enhances filtration of liver-derived angiotensinogen and renal angiotensin II generation. Kidney Int 2013; 85:1068-77. [PMID: 24284520 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intrarenal angiotensin II is increased in kidney diseases independently of plasma angiotensin II and is thought to promote progressive deterioration of renal architecture. Here we investigated the mechanism of enhanced renal angiotensin II generation in kidney glomerular diseases. For this, kidney- or liver-specific angiotensinogen gene (Agt) knockout was superimposed on the mouse model of inducible podocyte injury (NEP25). Seven days after induction of podocyte injury, renal angiotensin II was increased ninefold in NEP25 mice with intact Agt, accompanied by increases in urinary albumin and angiotensinogen excretion, renal angiotensinogen protein, and its mRNA. Kidney Agt knockout attenuated renal Agt mRNA but not renal angiotensin II, renal, or urinary angiotensinogen protein. In contrast, liver Agt knockout markedly reduced renal angiotensin II to 18.7% of that of control NEP25 mice, renal and urinary angiotensinogen protein, but not renal Agt mRNA. Renal angiotensin II had no relationship with renal Agt mRNA, or with renal renin mRNA, which was elevated in liver Agt knockouts. Kidney and liver dual Agt knockout mice showed phenotypes comparable to those of liver Agt knockout mice. Thus, increased renal angiotensin II generation upon severe podocyte injury is attributed to increased filtered angiotensinogen of liver origin resulting from loss of macromolecular barrier function of the glomerular capillary wall that occurs upon severe podocyte injury.
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Kamiyama M, Urushihara M, Morikawa T, Konishi Y, Imanishi M, Nishiyama A, Kobori H. Oxidative stress/angiotensinogen/renin-angiotensin system axis in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:23045-62. [PMID: 24284398 PMCID: PMC3856105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141123045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although recent studies have proven that renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockades retard the progression of diabetic nephropathy, the detailed mechanisms of their reno-protective effects on the development of diabetic nephropathy remain uncertain. In rodent models, it has been reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important for intrarenal angiotensinogen (AGT) augmentation in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. However, no direct evidence is available to demonstrate that AGT expression is enhanced in the kidneys of patients with diabetes. To examine whether the expression levels of ROS- and RAS-related factors in kidneys are increased with the progression of diabetic nephropathy, biopsied samples from 8 controls and 27 patients with type 2 diabetes were used. After the biopsy, these patients were diagnosed with minor glomerular abnormality or diabetes mellitus by clinical and pathological findings. The intensities of AGT, angiotensin II (Ang II), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or immunohistochemistry. Expression levels were greater in patients with diabetes than in control subjects. Moreover, the augmented intrarenal AGT mRNA expression paralleled renal dysfunction in patients with diabetes. These data suggest the importance of the activated oxidative stress/AGT/RAS axis in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Kamiyama
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; E-Mails: (M.K.); (M.U.)
- Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Maki Urushihara
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; E-Mails: (M.K.); (M.U.)
- Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Takashi Morikawa
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22 Miyakojima-Hondori, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0021, Japan; E-Mails: (T.M.); (Y.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Yoshio Konishi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22 Miyakojima-Hondori, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0021, Japan; E-Mails: (T.M.); (Y.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Masahito Imanishi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22 Miyakojima-Hondori, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0021, Japan; E-Mails: (T.M.); (Y.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University Medical School, Miki, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Hiroyuki Kobori
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; E-Mails: (M.K.); (M.U.)
- Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University Medical School, Miki, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; E-Mail:
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-504-988-2591; Fax: +1-504-988-0911
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Dikalov SI, Nazarewicz RR. Angiotensin II-induced production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species: potential mechanisms and relevance for cardiovascular disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1085-94. [PMID: 22443458 PMCID: PMC3771548 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in angiotensin II (AngII) induced endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular and renal remodeling, inflammation, and fibrosis has been well documented. The molecular mechanisms of AngII pathophysiological activity involve the stimulation of NADPH oxidases, which produce superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. AngII also increases the production of mitochondrial ROS, while the inhibition of AngII improves mitochondrial function; however, the specific molecular mechanisms of the stimulation of mitochondrial ROS is not clear. RECENT ADVANCES Interestingly, the overexpression of mitochondrial thioredoxin 2 or mitochondrial superoxide dismutase attenuates AngII-induced hypertension, which demonstrates the importance of mitochondrial ROS in AngII-mediated cardiovascular diseases. CRITICAL ISSUES Although mitochondrial ROS plays an important role in normal physiological cell signaling, AngII, high glucose, high fat, or hypoxia may cause the overproduction of mitochondrial ROS, leading to the feed-forward redox stimulation of NADPH oxidases. This vicious cycle may contribute to the development of pathological conditions and facilitate organ damage in hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The development of antioxidant strategies specifically targeting mitochondria could be therapeutically beneficial in these disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey I Dikalov
- Free Radicals in Medicine Core, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
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