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Liu S, Chen X, Zhang L, Lu B. CPT1A mediates the succinylation of SP5 which activates transcription of PDPK1 to promote the viability and glycolysis of prostate cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2329372. [PMID: 38494680 PMCID: PMC10950282 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2329372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Succinylation modification involves in the progression of human cancers. The present study aimed to investigate the role of CPT1A, which is a succinyltransferase in the progression of prostate cancer (PCa). CCK-8 was used to detect the cell viability. Seahorse was performed to evaluate the cell glycolysis. Luciferase assay was used to detect the transcriptional regulation. ChIP was performed to assess the binding between transcriptional factors with the promoters. Co-IP was used to assess the binding between proteins. We found that CPT1A was highly expressed in PCa tissues and cell lines. Silencing of CPT1A inhibited the viability and glycolysis of PCa cells. Mechanistically, CPT1A promoted the succinylation of SP5, which strengthened the binding between SP5 and the promoter of PDPK1. SP5 activated PDPK1 transcription and PDPK1 activated the AKT/mTOR signal pathway. These findings might provide novel targets for the diagnosis or therapy of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufeng Liu
- Medical Department, Xiangyang Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- Urology Department, Xiangyang Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Liqi Zhang
- Laboratory Department, Xiangyang Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Lu
- Laboratory Department, Xiangyang Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
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2
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Khatoon S, Das N, Chattopadhyay S, Joharapurkar A, Singh A, Patel V, Nirwan A, Kumar A, Mugale MN, Mishra DP, Kumaravelu J, Guha R, Jain MR, Chattopadhyay N, Sanyal S. Apigenin-6-C-glucoside ameliorates MASLD in rodent models via selective agonism of adiponectin receptor 2. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176800. [PMID: 38950835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Adiponectin plays key roles in energy metabolism and ameliorates inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction via its primary receptors, adiponectin receptors -1 and 2 (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2). Systemic depletion of adiponectin causes various metabolic disorders, including MASLD; however adiponectin supplementation is not yet achievable owing to its large size and oligomerization-associated complexities. Small-molecule AdipoR agonists, thus, may provide viable therapeutic options against metabolic disorders. Using a novel luciferase reporter-based assay here, we have identified Apigenin-6-C-glucoside (ACG), but not apigenin, as a specific agonist for the liver-rich AdipoR isoform, AdipoR2 (EC50: 384 pM) with >10000X preference over AdipoR1. Immunoblot analysis in HEK-293 overexpressing AdipoR2 or HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5 liver cell lines revealed rapid AMPK, p38 activation and induction of typical AdipoR targets PGC-1α and PPARα by ACG at a pharmacologically relevant concentration of 100 nM (reported cMax in mouse; 297 nM). ACG-mediated AdipoR2 activation culminated in a favorable modulation of key metabolic events, including decreased inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, de novo lipogenesis, and increased fatty acid β-oxidation as determined by immunoblotting, QRT-PCR and extracellular flux analysis. AdipoR2 depletion or AMPK/p38 inhibition dampened these effects. The in vitro results were recapitulated in two different murine models of MASLD, where ACG at 10 mg/kg body weight robustly reduced hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, proinflammatory macrophage numbers, and increased hepatic glycogen content. Together, using in vitro experiments and rodent models, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept for AdipoR2 as a therapeutic target for MASLD and provide novel chemicobiological insights for the generation of translation-worthy pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamima Khatoon
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Nabanita Das
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sourav Chattopadhyay
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | | | - Abhinav Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Vishal Patel
- Zydus Research Center, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382213, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhishek Nirwan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Durga Prasad Mishra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Jagavelu Kumaravelu
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Rajdeep Guha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Laboratory Animal Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | | | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sanyal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Zhu J, Guo J, Liu Z, Liu J, Yuan A, Chen H, Qiu J, Dou X, Lu D, Le Y. Salvianolic acid A attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating the AMPK-IGFBP1 pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 400:111162. [PMID: 39047806 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects approximately a quarter of the population and, to date, there is no approved drug therapy for this condition. Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at a significantly elevated risk of developing NAFLD, underscoring the urgency of identifying effective NAFLD treatments for T2DM patients. Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is a naturally occurring phenolic acid that is an important component of the water-soluble constituents isolated from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. SAA has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant stress properties. Nevertheless, its potential in ameliorating diabetes-associated NAFLD has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, diabetic ApoE-/- mice were employed to establish a NAFLD model via a Western diet. Following this, they were treated with different doses of SAA (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg) via gavage. The study demonstrated a marked improvement in liver injury, lipid accumulation, inflammation, and the pro-fibrotic phenotype after the administration of SAA. Additionally, RNA-seq analysis indicated that the primary pathway by which SAA alleviates diabetes-induced NAFLD involves the cascade pathways of lipid metabolism. Furthermore, SAA was found to be effective in the inhibition of lipid accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis. A functional enrichment analysis of RNA-seq data revealed that SAA treatment modulates the AMPK pathway and IGFBP-1. Further experimental results demonstrated that SAA is capable of inhibiting lipid accumulation through the activation of the AMPK pathway and IGFBP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhongshan Hospital of Zhejiang Province), Hangzhou, 330106, China; Lipid Metabolism Institute (Molecular Medicine Institute), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Jianan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Lipid Metabolism Institute (Molecular Medicine Institute), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Zhijun Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Lipid Metabolism Institute (Molecular Medicine Institute), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Lipid Metabolism Institute (Molecular Medicine Institute), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Aini Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Lipid Metabolism Institute (Molecular Medicine Institute), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Hang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Lipid Metabolism Institute (Molecular Medicine Institute), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Jiannan Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Lipid Metabolism Institute (Molecular Medicine Institute), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Xiaobing Dou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Lipid Metabolism Institute (Molecular Medicine Institute), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Dezhao Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Lipid Metabolism Institute (Molecular Medicine Institute), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Yifei Le
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Lipid Metabolism Institute (Molecular Medicine Institute), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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4
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Miguel V, Alcalde-Estévez E, Sirera B, Rodríguez-Pascual F, Lamas S. Metabolism and bioenergetics in the pathophysiology of organ fibrosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 222:85-105. [PMID: 38838921 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the tissue scarring characterized by excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, mainly collagens. A fibrotic response can take place in any tissue of the body and is the result of an imbalanced reaction to inflammation and wound healing. Metabolism has emerged as a major driver of fibrotic diseases. While glycolytic shifts appear to be a key metabolic switch in activated stromal ECM-producing cells, several other cell types such as immune cells, whose functions are intricately connected to their metabolic characteristics, form a complex network of pro-fibrotic cellular crosstalk. This review purports to clarify shared and particular cellular responses and mechanisms across organs and etiologies. We discuss the impact of the cell-type specific metabolic reprogramming in fibrotic diseases in both experimental and human pathology settings, providing a rationale for new therapeutic interventions based on metabolism-targeted antifibrotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Miguel
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Alcalde-Estévez
- Program of Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Systems Biology, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Belén Sirera
- Program of Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Pascual
- Program of Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Lamas
- Program of Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Zheng C, Zhong Y, Zhang P, Guo Q, Li F, Duan Y. Dynamic transcriptome profiles of skeletal muscle growth and development in Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs using RNA-sequencing. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:7301-7314. [PMID: 38647104 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs differ in growth rate and meat quality. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for such phenotypic differences remain unclear. In the present study, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of 36 longissimus dorsi (LM) and 36 soleus (SM) muscle samples from Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs at six postnatal stages (30, 60, 90, 150, 210 and 300 days) to explore the differences in postnatal skeletal muscle of Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs. RESULTS Muscle morphological changes and the number of differentially expressed genes indicated the two stages of 60-90 days and 150-210 days were critical for the muscle growth and development in Shaziling pigs. Genes such as FLNC, COL1A1, NRAP, SMYD1, TNNI3, CRYAB and PDLIM3 played vital roles in the muscle growth, and genes such as CCDC71L, LPIN1, CPT1A, UCP3, NR4A3 and PDK4 played dominant roles in the lipid metabolism. Additionally, in contrast to the LM, the percentage of slow-twitch muscle fibers in the SM of both breeds consistently decreased from 30 to 150 days of age, but there was a significant rebound at 210 days of age. However, the percentage of slow-twitch muscle fibers in the SM of Shaziling pigs was higher than that in Yorkshire pigs, which may be associated with the calcium signaling pathway and the PPARβ/δ signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The present study detected two critical periods and many functional genes for the muscle growth and development of Shaziling pigs, and showed differences in muscle fiber characteristics between Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbing Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yinzhao Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiwen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengna Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Xiang Q, Wen J, Zhou Z, Dai Q, Huang Y, Yang N, Guo J, Zhang J, Ren F, Zhou X, Rao C, Chen Y. Effect of hydroxy-α-sanshool on lipid metabolism in liver and hepatocytes based on AMPK signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155849. [PMID: 38964152 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing awareness of the safety of traditional Chinese medicine and food, as well as in-depth studies on the pharmacological activity and toxicity of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. (ZADC), it has been found that ZADC is hepatotoxic. However, the toxic substance basis and mechanism of action have not been fully elucidated. Hydroxy-α-sanshool (HAS) belongs to an amide compound in the fruits of ZADC, which may be hepatotoxic. However, the specific effects of HAS, including liver toxicity, are unclear. PURPOSE The objectives of this research was to determine how HAS affects hepatic lipid metabolism, identify the mechanism underlying the accumulation of liver lipids by HAS, and offer assurances on the safe administration of HAS. METHODS An in vivo experiment was performed by gavaging C57 BL/6 J mice with various dosages of HAS (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg). Biochemical indexes were measured, and histological analysis was performed to evaluate HAS hepatotoxicity. Hepatic lipid levels were determined using lipid indices and oil red O (ORO) staining. Intracellular lipid content were determined by biochemical analyses and ORO staining after treating HepG2 cells with different concentrations of HAS in vitro. Mitochondrial membrane potential, respiratory chain complex enzymes, and ATP levels were assessed by fluorescence labeling of mitochondria. The levels of proteins involved in lipogenesis and catabolism were determined using Western blotting. RESULTS Mice in the HAS group had elevated alanine and aspartate aminotransferase blood levels as well as increased liver index compared with the controls. The pathological findings showed hepatocellular necrosis. Serum and liver levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were increased, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased. The ORO staining findings demonstrated elevated liver lipid levels. In vitro experiments demonstrated a notable elevation in triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in the HAS group. ATP, respiratory chain complex enzyme gene expression, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial number were reduced in the HAS group. The levels of lipid synthesis-associated proteins (ACC, FASN, and SREBP-1c) were increased, and lipid catabolism-associated protein levels (PPARα and CPT1) and the p-AMPK/AMPK ratio were decreased in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION HAS has hepatotoxic effects, which can induce fatty acid synthesis and mitochondrial function damage by inhibiting the AMPK signaling pathway, resulting in aberrant lipid increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Xiang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jiayu Wen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zhihui Zhou
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qiuju Dai
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Nannan Yang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jiafu Guo
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Fajian Ren
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chaolong Rao
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China.
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7
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Wang S, Wang K, Yue D, Yang X, Pan X, Kong F, Zhao R, Bie Q, Tian D, Zhu S, He B, Bin Z. MT1G induces lipid droplet accumulation through modulation of H3K14 trimethylation accelerating clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression. Br J Cancer 2024; 131:641-654. [PMID: 38906969 PMCID: PMC11333765 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02747-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid droplet formation is a prominent histological feature in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), but the significance and mechanisms underlying lipid droplet accumulation remain unclear. METHODS Expression and clinical significance of MT1G in ccRCC were analyzed by using TCGA data, GEO data and scRNASeq data. MT1G overexpression or knockdown ccRCC cell lines were constructed and in situ ccRCC model, lung metastasis assay, metabolomics and lipid droplets staining were performed to explore the role of MT1G on lipid droplet accumulation in ccRCC. RESULTS Initially, we observed low MT1G expression in ccRCC tissues, whereas high MT1G expression correlated with advanced disease stage and poorer prognosis. Elevated MT1G expression promoted ccRCC growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, MT1G significantly suppressed acylcarnitine levels and downstream tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity, resulting in increased fatty acid and lipid accumulation without affecting cholesterol metabolism. Notably, MT1G inhibited H3K14 trimethylation (H3K14me3) modification. Under these conditions, MT1G-mediated H3K14me3 was recruited to the CPT1B promoter through direct interaction with specific promoter regions, leading to reduced CPT1B transcription and translation. CONCLUSIONS Our study unveils a novel mechanism of lipid droplet accumulation in ccRCC, where MT1G inhibits CPT1B expression through modulation of H3K14 trimethylation, consequently enhancing lipid droplet accumulation and promoting ccRCC progression. Graphical abstract figure Schematic diagram illustrating MT1G/H3K14me3/CPT1B-mediated lipid droplet accumulation promoted ccRCC progression via FAO inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272007, China
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272007, China
| | - Dong Yue
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, 272007, China
| | - Xiaxia Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272007, China
| | - Xiaozao Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272007, China
| | - Feifei Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272007, China
| | - Rou Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272007, China
| | - Qingli Bie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272007, China
| | - Dongxing Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272007, China
| | - Shuqing Zhu
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, 272007, China
| | - Baoyu He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272007, China.
| | - Zhang Bin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272007, China.
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8
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Li Z, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Xu E. Cryptotanshinone alleviates liver fibrosis via inhibiting STAT3/CPT1A-dependent fatty acid oxidation in hepatic stellate cells. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 399:111119. [PMID: 38936533 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are a major source of fibrogenic cells and play a central role in liver fibrogenesis. HSC activation depends on metabolic activation, for which it is well established that fatty acid oxidation (FAO) sustains their rapid proliferative rate. Studies have indicated that tanshinones inhibit HSC activation, however, the anti-fibrosis mechanisms of tanshinones are remain unclear. Herein, we reported that cryptotanshinone (CTS), a lipid-soluble ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, exhibited the strongest inhibitory effects on HSC-LX2 proliferation and activation. CTS could induce lipocyte phenotype in mouse primary HSC and HSC-LX2. Transcriptomic sequencing and qPCR revealed that CTS regulated fatty acid metabolism and inhibited CPT1A and CPT1B expression. Target prediction suggested CTS regulates lipid metabolism by targeting STAT3. Mechanistically, the level of ATP and acetyl-CoA were reduced by the treatment of CTS, indicating that CTS could inhibit the level of FAO. Furthermore, CTS could inhibit the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3. Additionally, CPT1A overexpression reversed the efficacy of CTS. Finally, CTS (40 mg/kg/day) attenuated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and inhibited collagen production and HSC activation. Moreover, the results of immunofluorescence showed that α-SMA and p-STAT3 were co-located, and CTS could reduce the levels of p-STAT3 and α-SMA. In summary, CTS alleviated liver fibrosis by inhibiting the p-STAT3/CPT1A-dependent FAO both in vitro and in vivo, making it a potential candidate drug for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Yaqiu Zheng
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Erping Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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Song Z, Yan A, Li Z, Shang Y, Chen R, Yang Z, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Wen T, Ogaji OD, Wang Y. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals the effects and mechanisms of Jinqi Jiangtang tablets on type 2 diabetes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 134:155957. [PMID: 39181101 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is one of the major metabolic diseases and poses a serious challenge to human life and global economic development. Jinqi Jiangtang Tablets (JQJT) is effective in ameliorating the effects of T2DM, but the mechanism of JQJT is unclear. PURPOSE This study integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics to reveal the mechanism by which JQJT improves T2DM. METHODS The T2DM mouse model was established, and the effects of JQJT on improving T2DM were evaluated by determining the levels of blood lipids, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin metabolism and hepatic lipid accumulation in mice after JQJT administration for 8 weeks. Serum metabolites were detected using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) technology, and mouse liver differential genes were detected using transcriptomic technology. Correlation analysis was used to extract metabolites and RNA with correlations, and potential pathways were enriched and constructed using the common pathway analysis function of MetaboAnalyst 5.0. Finally, the expression of key target proteins and genes was verified by Western blot (WB) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to further elucidate the mechanism by which JQJT improves T2DM. RESULTS JQJT reduced FBG and lipid levels, improved insulin resistance (IR) and hepatic lipoatrophy in mice. A total of 35 differentially abundant metabolites were identified by metabolomics, and 328 differential genes were detected by transcriptomics. The integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics results suggested that JQJT may ameliorate T2DM mainly by regulating glucose and lipid metabolic pathways. WB and PCR results showed that JQJT regulates the insulin signaling pathway, involved in fatty acid metabolism, glycogen synthesis and catabolism. CONCLUSIONS JQJT improved IR in T2DM mice by regulating the insulin signaling pathway, improving glycogen synthesis and glycolysis, and increasing hepatic triglyceride and fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - An Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ye Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zehui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Tao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Omachi Daniel Ogaji
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Pang M, Yu L, Li X, Lu C, Xiao C, Liu Y. A promising anti-tumor targeting on ERMMDs mediated abnormal lipid metabolism in tumor cells. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:562. [PMID: 39098929 PMCID: PMC11298533 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The investigation of aberrations in lipid metabolism within tumor has become a burgeoning field of study that has garnered significant attention in recent years. Lipids can serve as a potent source of highly energetic fuel to support the rapid growth of neoplasia, in where the ER-mitochondrial membrane domains (ERMMDs) provide an interactive network for facilitating communication between ER and mitochondria as well as their intermembrane space and adjunctive proteins. In this review, we discuss fatty acids (FAs) anabolic and catabolic metabolism, as well as how CPT1A-VDAC-ACSL clusters on ERMMDs participate in FAs transport, with a major focus on ERMMDs mediated collaborative loop of FAO, Ca2+ transmission in TCA cycle and OXPHOS process. Here, we present a comprehensive perspective on the regulation of aberrant lipid metabolism through ERMMDs conducted tumor physiology might be a promising and potential target for tumor starvation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshi Pang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liuchunyang Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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11
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Wu Y, Huang J, Liu L, Zhang X, Zhang W, Li Q. CircHIPK3/miR-124 affects angiogenesis in early-onset preeclampsia via CPT1A-mediated fatty acid oxidation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:1037-1049. [PMID: 38904677 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02461-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Multiple theories have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE), and angiogenic dysfunction is an important part of this pathogenesis. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT1A) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the metabolic process of fatty acid oxidation (FAO). FAO regulates endothelial cell (EC) proliferation during vascular germination and is also essential for ab initio deoxyribonucleotide synthesis, but its role in EOPE needs to be further elucidated. In the present study, we investigated its functional role in EOPE by targeting the circHIPK3/miR-124-3p/CPT1A axis. In our study, reduced expression of circHIPK3 and CPT1A and increased expression of miR-124-3p in placental tissues from patients with EOPE were associated with EC dysfunction. Here, we confirmed that CPT1A regulates fatty acid oxidative activity, cell proliferation, and tube formation in ECs by regulating FAO. Functionally, knockdown of circHIPK3 suppressed EC angiogenesis by inhibiting CPT1A-mediated fatty acid oxidative activity, which was ameliorated by CPT1A overexpression. In addition, circHIPK3 regulates CPT1A expression by sponging miR-124-3p. Hence, circHIPK3 knockdown reduced fatty acid oxidation in ECs by sponging miR-124-3p in a CPT1A-dependent manner and inhibited EC proliferation and tube formation, which may have led to aberrant angiogenesis in EOPE. Thus, strategies targeting CPT1A-driven FAO may be promising approaches for the treatment of EOPE. KEY MESSAGES: Decreased Carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT1A) expression in preeclampsia(PE). CPT1A overexpression promotes FAO activity and tube formation in ECs. CircHIPK3 can affect CPT1A expression and impaire angiogenesis of EOPE. CircHIPK3 regulates CPT1A expression by acting as a ceRNA of miR-124-3p in HUVECs. Confirming the effect of circHIPK3/miR-124-3p/CPT1A axis on EOPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingrui Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Early Life Development and Disease Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weishe Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Early Life Development and Disease Prevention, Changsha, China.
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.
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12
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Wu D, Spencer CB, Ortoga L, Zhang H, Miao C. Histone lactylation-regulated METTL3 promotes ferroptosis via m6A-modification on ACSL4 in sepsis-associated lung injury. Redox Biol 2024; 74:103194. [PMID: 38852200 PMCID: PMC11219935 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated lactate levels are a significant biomarker of sepsis and are positively associated with sepsis-related mortality. Sepsis-associated lung injury (ALI) is a leading cause of poor prognosis in clinical patients. However, the underlying mechanisms of lactate's involvement in sepsis-associated ALI remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that lactate regulates N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification levels by facilitating p300-mediated H3K18la binding to the METTL3 promoter site. The METTL3-mediated m6A modification is enriched in ACSL4, and its mRNA stability is regulated through a YTHDC1-dependent pathway. Furthermore, short-term lactate stimulation upregulates ACSL4, which promotes mitochondria-associated ferroptosis. Inhibition of METTL3 through knockdown or targeted inhibition effectively suppresses septic hyper-lactate-induced ferroptosis in alveolar epithelial cells and mitigates lung injury in septic mice. Our findings suggest that lactate induces ferroptosis via the GPR81/H3K18la/METTL3/ACSL4 axis in alveolar epithelial cells during sepsis-associated ALI. These results reveal a histone lactylation-driven mechanism inducing ferroptosis through METTL3-mediated m6A modification. Targeting METTL3 represents a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with sepsis-associated ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China
| | - Charles B Spencer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Lilibeth Ortoga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China.
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China.
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Liu C, Pan X, Hao Z, Wang X, Wang C, Song G. Resveratrol suppresses hepatic fatty acid synthesis and increases fatty acid β-oxidation via the microRNA-33/SIRT6 signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2024; 28:326. [PMID: 38979023 PMCID: PMC11229395 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a strong risk factor for numerous diseases. Resveratrol (Res) is a non-flavonoid polyphenol organic compound with multiple biological functions. However, the specific molecular mechanism and its role in hepatic lipid metabolism remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism underlying how Res improves hepatic lipid metabolism by decreasing microRNA-33 (miR-33) levels. First, blood miR-33 expression in participants with hyperlipidemia was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, and the results revealed significant upregulation of miR-33 expression in hyperlipidemia. Additionally, after transfection of HepG2 cells with miR-33 mimics or inhibitor, western blot analysis indicated downregulation and upregulation, respectively, of the mRNA and protein expression levels of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6). Luciferase reporter analysis provided further evidence for binding of miR-33 with the SIRT6 3'-untranslated region. Furthermore, the levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), PPARγ-coactivator 1α and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 were increased, while the concentration levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 were decreased when SIRT6 was overexpressed. Notably, Res improved the basic metabolic parameters of mice fed a high-fat diet by regulating the miR-33/SIRT6 signaling pathway. Thus, it was demonstrated that the dysregulation of miR-33 could lead to lipid metabolism disorders, while Res improved lipid metabolism by regulating the expression of miR-33 and its target gene, SIRT6. Thus, Res can be used to prevent or treat hyperlipidemia and associated diseases clinically by suppressing hepatic fatty acid synthesis and increasing fatty acid β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiao Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Xinyan Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Hao
- Department of Health Care, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Guangyao Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
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14
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Ceretti A, Yang Z, Schneider JE. Metabolic pathways that mediate the effects of food deprivation on reproductive behavior in female Drosophila melanogaster. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 327:R234-R249. [PMID: 38842518 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00045.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
In most species studied, energy deficits inhibit female reproductive behavior, but the location and nature of energy sensors and how they affect behavior are unknown. Progress has been facilitated by using Drosophila melanogaster, a species in which reproduction and food availability are closely linked. Adult males and females were either fed or food deprived (FD) and then tested in an arena with a fed, opposite-sex conspecific with no food in the testing arena. Only FD females (not FD males) significantly decreased their copulation rate and increased their copulation latency, and the effects of FD were prevented in females fed either yeast alone or glucose alone, but not sucralose alone, cholesterol alone, or amino acids alone. It is well-known that high-fat diets inhibit copulation rate in this species, and the effects of FD on copulation rate were mimicked by treatment with an inhibitor of glucose but not free fatty acid oxidation. The availability of oxidizable glucose was a necessary condition for copulation rate in females fed either yeast alone or fed a nutritive fly medium, which suggests that the critical component of yeast for female copulation rate is oxidizable glucose. Thus, female copulation rate in D. melanogaster is sensitive to the availability of oxidizable metabolic fuels, particularly the availability of oxidizable glucose or substrates/byproducts of glycolysis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Copulation rate was decreased in food-deprived female but not in male adults when tested without food in the testing arena. Copulation rate was 1) maintained by feeding glucose alone, yeast alone, nutritive medium lacking yeast, but not sucralose, amino acids, or cholesterol alone; 2) decreased by inhibition of glycolysis in females fed either nutritive medium or yeast alone; and 3) not affected by inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. Thus, female copulation rate was linked to glycolytic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Ceretti
- Department of Biological SciencesLehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Zimo Yang
- Department of Biological SciencesLehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jill E Schneider
- Department of Biological SciencesLehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States
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15
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Wang M, Wu D, Liao X, Hu H, Gao J, Meng L, Wang F, Xu W, Gao S, Hua J, Wang Y, Li Q, Wang K, Gao W. CPT1A-IL-10-mediated macrophage metabolic and phenotypic alterations ameliorate acute lung injury. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1785. [PMID: 39090662 PMCID: PMC11294017 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common acute respiratory failure due to diffuse pulmonary inflammation and oedema. Elaborate regulation of macrophage activation is essential for managing this inflammatory process and maintaining tissue homeostasis. In the past decades, metabolic reprogramming of macrophages has emerged as a predominant role in modulating their biology and function. Here, we observed reduced expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), a key rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid oxidation (FAO), in macrophages of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mouse model. We assume that CPT1A and its regulated FAO is involved in the regulation of macrophage polarization, which could be positive regulated by interleukin-10 (IL-10). METHODS After nasal inhalation rIL-10 and/or LPS, wild type (WT), IL-10-/-, Cre-CPT1Afl/fl and Cre+CPT1Afl/fl mice were sacrificed to harvest bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, blood serum and lungs to examine cell infiltration, cytokine production, lung injury severity and IHC. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were extracted from mice and stimulated by exogenous rIL-10 and/or LPS. The qRT-PCR, Seahorse XFe96 and FAO metabolite related kits were used to test the glycolysis and FAO level in BMDMs. Immunoblotting assay, confocal microscopy and fluorescence microplate were used to test macrophage polarization as well as mitochondrial structure and function damage. RESULTS In in vivo experiments, we found that mice lacking CPT1A or IL-10 produced an aggravate inflammatory response to LPS stimulation. However, the addition of rIL-10 could alleviate the pulmonary inflammation in mice effectively. IHC results showed that IL-10 expression in lung macrophage decreased dramatically in Cre+CPT1Afl/fl mice. The in vitro experiments showed Cre+CPT1Afl/fl and IL-10-/- BMDMs became more "glycolytic", but less "FAO" when subjected to external attacks. However, the supplementation of rIL-10 into macrophages showed reverse effect. CPT1A and IL-10 can drive the polarization of BMDM from M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype, and CPT1A-IL-10 axis is also involved in the process of maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS CPT1A modulated metabolic reprogramming and polarisation of macrophage under LPS stimulation. The protective effects of CPT1A may be partly attributed to the induction of IL-10/IL-10 receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyun Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineShanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineShanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ximing Liao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineShanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Haiyang Hu
- Department of Vascular SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineShanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Linlin Meng
- Second Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe Fourth People's Hospital of JinanShandongChina
| | - Feilong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineShanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wujian Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineShanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shaoyong Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineShanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jing Hua
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineShanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineShanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineShanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineShanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineShanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
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16
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McGuffee RM, McCommis KS, Ford DA. Etomoxir: An Old Dog With New Tricks. J Lipid Res 2024:100604. [PMID: 39094770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reagan M McGuffee
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Kyle S McCommis
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - David A Ford
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104.
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17
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Lin L, Ren R, Xiong Q, Zheng C, Yang B, Wang H. Remodeling of T-cell mitochondrial metabolism to treat autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2024:103583. [PMID: 39084278 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
T cells are key drivers of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by producing cytokines, stimulating the generation of autoantibodies, and mediating tissue and cell damage. Distinct mitochondrial metabolic pathways govern the direction of T-cell differentiation and function and rely on specific nutrients and metabolic enzymes. Metabolic substrate uptake and mitochondrial metabolism form the foundational elements for T-cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and effector function, contributing to the dynamic interplay between immunological signals and mitochondrial metabolism in coordinating adaptive immunity. Perturbations in substrate availability and enzyme activity may impair T-cell immunosuppressive function, fostering autoreactive responses and disrupting immune homeostasis, ultimately contributing to autoimmune disease pathogenesis. A growing body of studies has explored how metabolic processes regulate the function of diverse T-cell subsets in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and psoriasis. This review describes the coordination of T-cell biology by mitochondrial metabolism, including the electron transport chain (ETC), oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and one‑carbon metabolism. This study elucidated the intricate crosstalk between mitochondrial metabolic programs, signal transduction pathways, and transcription factors. This review summarizes potential therapeutic targets for T-cell mitochondrial metabolism and signaling in autoimmune diseases, providing insights for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory Medicine Research Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruyu Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory Medicine Research Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiao Xiong
- Department of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infection Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory Medicine Research Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Huiqing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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18
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Zhuang W, Chen Z, Shu X, Zhang J, Zhu R, Shen M, Chen J, Zheng X. Establishment of a Steatosis Model in LMH Cells, Chicken Embryo Hepatocytes, and Liver Tissues Based on a Mixture of Sodium Oleate and Palmitic Acid. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2173. [PMID: 39123699 PMCID: PMC11311026 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on hepatic steatosis in animal husbandry has been a prominent area of study. Developing an appropriate in vitro cellular steatosis model is crucial for comprehensively investigating the mechanisms involved in liver lipid deposition in poultry and for identifying potential interventions to address abnormalities in lipid metabolism. The research on the methods of in vitro liver steatosis in chickens, particularly the effects of different fat mixtures, is still lacking. In this study, LMH cells were utilized to investigate the effects of OA, SO, PA, SP, and their pairwise combinations on steatosis development, with the aim of identifying the optimal conditions for inducing steatosis. Analysis of triglyceride (TG) content in LMH cells revealed that OA and SP had limited efficacy in increasing TG content, while a combination of SO and PA in a 1:2 ratio exhibited the highest TG content. Moreover, Oil Red O staining results in LMH cells demonstrated that the combination treatment had a more pronounced induction effect compared to 0.375 mM SO. Additionally, RNA-seq analysis showed that 0.375 mM SO significantly influenced the expression of genes associated with fatty acid metabolism compared to the control group, whereas the combination of SO and PA led to an enrichment of key GO terms associated with programmed cell death. These findings suggest that varying conditions of cellular steatosis could lead to distinct disruptions in gene expression. The optimal conditions for inducing steatosis in LMH cells were also tested on chicken embryonic liver cells and embryos. TG detection and Oil Red O staining assays showed that the combination of SO and PA successfully induced steatosis. However, the gene expression pattern differed from that of LMH cells. This study lays the foundations for further investigations into avian hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuchao Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (W.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.S.); (J.Z.); (R.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (W.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.S.); (J.Z.); (R.Z.); (M.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Xin Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (W.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.S.); (J.Z.); (R.Z.); (M.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Jilong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (W.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.S.); (J.Z.); (R.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Runbang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (W.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.S.); (J.Z.); (R.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Manman Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (W.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.S.); (J.Z.); (R.Z.); (M.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Jianfei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (W.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.S.); (J.Z.); (R.Z.); (M.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Xiaotong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (W.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.S.); (J.Z.); (R.Z.); (M.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
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19
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Sun ED, Zhou OY, Hauptschein M, Rappoport N, Xu L, Navarro Negredo P, Liu L, Rando TA, Zou J, Brunet A. Spatiotemporal transcriptomic profiling and modeling of mouse brain at single-cell resolution reveals cell proximity effects of aging and rejuvenation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.16.603809. [PMID: 39071282 PMCID: PMC11275735 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.16.603809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Old age is associated with a decline in cognitive function and an increase in neurodegenerative disease risk1. Brain aging is complex and accompanied by many cellular changes2-20. However, the influence that aged cells have on neighboring cells and how this contributes to tissue decline is unknown. More generally, the tools to systematically address this question in aging tissues have not yet been developed. Here, we generate spatiotemporal data at single-cell resolution for the mouse brain across lifespan, and we develop the first machine learning models based on spatial transcriptomics ('spatial aging clocks') to reveal cell proximity effects during brain aging and rejuvenation. We collect a single-cell spatial transcriptomics brain atlas of 4.2 million cells from 20 distinct ages and across two rejuvenating interventions-exercise and partial reprogramming. We identify spatial and cell type-specific transcriptomic fingerprints of aging, rejuvenation, and disease, including for rare cell types. Using spatial aging clocks and deep learning models, we find that T cells, which infiltrate the brain with age, have a striking pro-aging proximity effect on neighboring cells. Surprisingly, neural stem cells have a strong pro-rejuvenating effect on neighboring cells. By developing computational tools to identify mediators of these proximity effects, we find that pro-aging T cells trigger a local inflammatory response likely via interferon-γ whereas pro-rejuvenating neural stem cells impact the metabolism of neighboring cells possibly via growth factors (e.g. vascular endothelial growth factor) and extracellular vesicles, and we experimentally validate some of these predictions. These results suggest that rare cells can have a drastic influence on their neighbors and could be targeted to counter tissue aging. We anticipate that these spatial aging clocks will not only allow scalable assessment of the efficacy of interventions for aging and disease but also represent a new tool for studying cell-cell interactions in many spatial contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Sun
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Olivia Y. Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, CA, USA
- Stanford Biophysics Program, Stanford University, CA, USA
- Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Lucy Xu
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | | | - Ling Liu
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A. Rando
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James Zou
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: James Zou, Anne Brunet
| | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, CA, USA
- Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: James Zou, Anne Brunet
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20
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Su W, Yang P, Xu F, Zhang T, Wang L, Li H, Cui L, Yang Z, He H, Han S, He L, Liu J, Kong Y, Long J. Twin Strep-Tag Modified CPT1A Mitochondrial Membrane Chromatography in Screening Lipid Metabolism Regulators. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10851-10859. [PMID: 38912707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial Membrane Chromatography (MMC) is a bioaffinity chromatography technique developed to study the interaction between target proteins embedded in the mitochondrial membrane and their ligand compounds. However, the MMC stationary phases (MMSP) prepared by chemical immobilization are prone to nonspecific binding in candidate agent screening inevitably. To address these challenges, Twin Strep-Tag/Strep Tactin was employed to establish a specific affinity system in the present study. We prepared a carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) MMSP by specifically linking Strep-tactin-modified silica gel with the Twin Strep-Tag on the CPT1A-oriented mitochondrial membrane. This Twin Strep-Tag/Strep Tactin modified CPT1A/MMC method exhibited remarkably better retention behavior, longer stationary phase lifespan, and higher screening specificity compared with previous MMC systems with glutaraldehyde immobilization. We adopted the CPT1A-specific MMC system in screening CPT1A ligands from traditional Chinese medicines, and successfully identified novel candidate ligands: ononin, isoliquiritigenin, and aloe-emodin, from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch and Senna tora (L.) Roxb extracts. Biological assessments illustrated that the compounds screened promote CPT1A enzyme activity without affecting CPT1A protein expression, as well as effectively reduce the lipid droplets and triglyceride levels in the high fat induction HepG2 cells. The results suggest that we have developed an MMC system, which is promising for studying the bioaffinity of mitochondrial membrane proteins to candidate compounds. This system provides a platform for a key step in mitochondrial medicine discovery, especially for bioactive molecule screening from complex herbal extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Su
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Fanding Xu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Tingrong Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lizhuo Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hua Li
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Li Cui
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710116, China
| | - Huaizhen He
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710116, China
| | - Shengli Han
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710116, China
| | - Langchong He
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710116, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yu Kong
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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21
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Liao K, Liu K, Wang Z, Zhao K, Mei Y. TRIM2 promotes metabolic adaptation to glutamine deprivation via enhancement of CPT1A activity. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38949993 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo metabolic adaptation to promote their survival and growth under energy stress conditions, yet the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, we report that tripartite motif-containing protein 2 (TRIM2) is upregulated in response to glutamine deprivation by the transcription factor cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor (ATF4). TRIM2 is shown to specifically interact with carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1A), a rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid oxidation. Via this interaction, TRIM2 enhances the enzymatic activity of CPT1A, thereby regulating intracellular lipid levels and protecting cells from glutamine deprivation-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, TRIM2 is able to promote both in vitro cell proliferation and in vivo xenograft tumor growth via CPT1A. Together, these findings establish TRIM2 as an important regulator of the metabolic adaptation of cancer cells to glutamine deprivation and implicate TRIM2 as a potential therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimin Liao
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kaiyue Liu
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kailiang Zhao
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yide Mei
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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22
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Zhang D, Zhao Y, Zhang G, Lank D, Cooke S, Wang S, Nuotio-Antar A, Tong X, Yin L. Suppression of hepatic ChREBP⍺-CYP2C50 axis-driven fatty acid oxidation sensitizes mice to diet-induced MASLD/MASH. Mol Metab 2024; 85:101957. [PMID: 38740087 PMCID: PMC11145360 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Compromised hepatic fatty acid oxidation (FAO) has been observed in human MASH patients and animal models of MASLD/MASH. It remains poorly understood how and when the hepatic FAO pathway is suppressed during the progression of MASLD towards MASH. Hepatic ChREBP⍺ is a classical lipogenic transcription factor that responds to the intake of dietary sugars. METHODS We examined its role in regulating hepatocyte fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and the impact of hepatic Chrebpa deficiency on sensitivity to diet-induced MASLD/MASH in mice. RESULTS We discovered that hepatocyte ChREBP⍺ is both necessary and sufficient to maintain FAO in a cell-autonomous manner independently of its DNA-binding activity. Supplementation of synthetic PPAR⍺/δ agonist is sufficient to restore FAO in Chrebp-/- primary mouse hepatocytes. Hepatic ChREBP⍺ was decreased in mouse models of diet-induced MAFSLD/MASH and in patients with MASH. Hepatocyte-specific Chrebp⍺ knockout impaired FAO, aggravated liver steatosis and inflammation, leading to early-onset fibrosis in response to diet-induced MASH. Conversely, liver overexpression of ChREBP⍺-WT or its non-lipogenic mutant enhanced FAO, reduced lipid deposition, and alleviated liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. RNA-seq analysis identified the CYP450 epoxygenase (CYP2C50) pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism as a novel target of ChREBP⍺. Over-expression of CYP2C50 partially restores hepatic FAO in primary hepatocytes with Chrebp⍺ deficiency and attenuates preexisting MASH in the livers of hepatocyte-specific Chrebp⍺-deleted mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the protective role of hepatocyte ChREBPa against diet-induced MASLD/MASH in mouse models in part via promoting CYP2C50-driven FAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, USA; Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, NCRC Building 20-3843, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Yuee Zhao
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, USA; Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, NCRC Building 20-3843, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Rd, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, PR China
| | - Gary Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, USA; Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, NCRC Building 20-3843, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Daniel Lank
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Sarah Cooke
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA
| | - Sujuan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Rd, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, PR China
| | - Alli Nuotio-Antar
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, USA; Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, NCRC Building 20-3843, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, USA; Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, NCRC Building 20-3843, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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23
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Truong HG, Nagengast AA, DiAngelo JR. The regulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 ( CPT1) mRNA splicing by nutrient availability in Drosophila fat tissue. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101661. [PMID: 38384389 PMCID: PMC10879661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
After a meal, excess nutrients are stored within adipose tissue as triglycerides in lipid droplets. Previous genome-wide RNAi screens in Drosophila cells have identified mRNA splicing factors as being important for lipid droplet formation. Our lab has previously shown that a class of mRNA splicing factors called serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins, which help to identify intron/exon borders, are important for triglyceride storage in Drosophila fat tissue, partially by regulating the splicing of the gene for carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), an enzyme important for mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids. The CPT1 gene in Drosophila generates two major isoforms, with transcripts that include exon 6A producing more active enzymes than ones made from transcripts containing exon 6B; however, whether nutrient availability regulates CPT1 splicing in fly fat tissue is not known. During ad libitum feeding, control flies produce more CPT1 transcripts containing exon 6B while fasting for 24 h results in a shift in CPT1 splicing to generate more transcripts containing exon 6A. The SR protein 9G8 is necessary for regulating nutrient responsive CPT1 splicing as decreasing 9G8 levels in fly fat tissue blocks the accumulation of CPT1 transcripts including exon 6A during starvation. Protein kinase A (PKA), a mediator of starvation-induced lipid breakdown, also regulates CPT1 splicing during starvation as transcripts including exon 6A did not accumulate when PKA was inhibited during starvation. Together, these results indicate that CPT1 splicing in adipose tissue responds to changes in nutrient availability contributing to the overall control of lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy G. Truong
- Division of Science, Penn State Berks, Reading, PA, USA
| | - Alexis A. Nagengast
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Widener University, Chester, PA, USA
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24
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Firth W, Robb JL, Stewart D, Pye KR, Bamford R, Oguro-Ando A, Beall C, Ellacott KLJ. Regulation of astrocyte metabolism by mitochondrial translocator protein 18 kDa. J Neurochem 2024; 168:1374-1401. [PMID: 38482552 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The mitochondrial translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) has been linked to functions from steroidogenesis to regulation of cellular metabolism and is an attractive therapeutic target for chronic CNS inflammation. Studies in Leydig cells and microglia indicate that TSPO function may vary between cells depending on their specialized roles. Astrocytes are critical for providing trophic and metabolic support in the brain. Recent work has highlighted that TSPO expression increases in astrocytes under inflamed conditions and may drive astrocyte reactivity. Relatively little is known about the role TSPO plays in regulating astrocyte metabolism and whether this protein is involved in immunometabolic processes in these cells. Using TSPO-deficient (TSPO-/-) mouse primary astrocytes in vitro (MPAs) and a human astrocytoma cell line (U373 cells), we performed extracellular metabolic flux analyses. We found that TSPO deficiency reduced basal cellular respiration and attenuated the bioenergetic response to glucopenia. Fatty acid oxidation was increased, and lactate production was reduced in TSPO-/- MPAs and U373 cells. Co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed that TSPO forms a complex with carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a in U373 and MPAs, presenting a mechanism wherein TSPO may regulate FAO in these cells. Compared to TSPO+/+ cells, in TSPO-/- MPAs we observed attenuated tumor necrosis factor release following 3 h lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, which was enhanced at 24 h post-LPS stimulation. Together these data suggest that while TSPO acts as a regulator of metabolic flexibility, TSPO deficiency does not appear to modulate the metabolic response of MPAs to inflammation, at least in response to the model used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyn Firth
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Josephine L Robb
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Daisy Stewart
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Katherine R Pye
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Rosemary Bamford
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Asami Oguro-Ando
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Craig Beall
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Kate L J Ellacott
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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25
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Landis GN, Bell HS, Peng OK, Fan Y, Yan K, Baybutt B, Tower J. Conditional Inhibition of Eip75B Eliminates the Effects of Mating and Mifepristone on Lifespan in Female Drosophila. Cells 2024; 13:1123. [PMID: 38994975 PMCID: PMC11240670 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mating in female Drosophila melanogaster causes midgut hypertrophy and reduced lifespan, and these effects are blocked by the drug mifepristone. Eip75B is a transcription factor previously reported to have pleiotropic effects on Drosophila lifespan. Because Eip75B null mutations are lethal, conditional systems and/or partial knock-down are needed to study Eip75B effects in adults. Previous studies showed that Eip75B is required for adult midgut cell proliferation in response to mating. To test the possible role of Eip75B in mediating the lifespan effects of mating and mifepristone, a tripartite FLP-recombinase-based conditional system was employed that provides controls for genetic background. Expression of a Hsp70-FLP transgene was induced in third instar larvae by a brief heat pulse. The FLP recombinase catalyzed the recombination and activation of an Actin5C-GAL4 transgene. The GAL4 transcription factor in turn activated expression of a UAS-Eip75B-RNAi transgene. Inhibition of Eip75B activity was confirmed by loss of midgut hypertrophy upon mating, and the lifespan effects of both mating and mifepristone were eliminated. In addition, the negative effects of mifepristone on egg production were eliminated. The data indicate that Eip75B mediates the effects of mating and mifepristone on female midgut hypertrophy, egg production, and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John Tower
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2910, USA
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26
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Harders AR, Watermann P, Karger G, Denieffe SC, Weller A, Dannemann AC, Willker JE, Köhler Y, Arend C, Dringen R. Consequences of a 2-Deoxyglucose Exposure on the ATP Content and the Cytosolic Glucose Metabolism of Cultured Primary Rat Astrocytes. Neurochem Res 2024:10.1007/s11064-024-04192-y. [PMID: 38898248 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The glucose analogue 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) has frequently been used as a tool to study cellular glucose uptake and to inhibit glycolysis. Exposure of primary cultured astrocytes to 2DG caused a time- and concentration-dependent cellular accumulation of 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate (2DG6P) that was accompanied by a rapid initial decline in cellular ATP content. Inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration as well as inhibitors of mitochondrial uptake of pyruvate and activated fatty acids accelerated the ATP loss, demonstrating that mitochondrial ATP regeneration contributes to the partial maintenance of the ATP content in 2DG-treated astrocytes. After a 30 min exposure to 10 mM 2DG the specific content of cellular 2DG6P had accumulated to around 150 nmol/mg, while cellular ATP was lowered by 50% to around 16 nmol/mg. Following such a 2DG6P-loading of astrocytes, glycolytic lactate production from applied glucose was severely impaired during the initial 60 min of incubation, but was reestablished during longer incubation concomitant with a loss in cellular 2DG6P content. In contrast to glycolysis, the glucose-dependent NADPH regeneration via the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) was only weakly affected in 2DG6P-loaded astrocytes and in cells that were coincubated with glucose in the presence of an excess of 2DG. Additionally, in the presence of 2DG PPP-dependent WST1 reduction was found to have doubled compared to hexose-free control incubations, indicating that cellular 2DG6P can serve as substrate for NADPH regeneration by the astrocytic PPP. The data presented provide new insights on the metabolic consequences of a 2DG exposure on the energy and glucose metabolism of astrocytes and demonstrate the reversibility of the inhibitory potential of a 2DG-treatment on the glucose metabolism of cultured astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Regina Harders
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
- Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technologies, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Patrick Watermann
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
- Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technologies, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Karger
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
- Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technologies, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sadhbh Cynth Denieffe
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
| | - Alina Weller
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
| | - Annika Carina Dannemann
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
| | - Johanna Elisabeth Willker
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Köhler
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
- Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technologies, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christian Arend
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
- Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technologies, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ralf Dringen
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany.
- Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technologies, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
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Wang Y, Zeng D, Wei L, Chen J, Li H, Wen L, Huang G, Dai Z, Luo J, Sun J, Xi Q, Zhang Y, Chen T. Effects of emulsifiers on lipid metabolism and performance of yellow-feathered broilers. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:246. [PMID: 38849831 PMCID: PMC11157903 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing production costs while producing high-quality livestock and poultry products is an ongoing concern in the livestock industry. The addition of oil to livestock and poultry diets can enhance feed palatability and improve growth performance. Emulsifiers can be used as potential feed supplements to improve dietary energy utilization and maintain the efficient productivity of broilers. Therefore, further investigation is warranted to evaluate whether dietary emulsifier supplementation can improve the efficiency of fat utilization in the diet of yellow-feathered broilers. In the present study, the effects of adding emulsifier to the diet on lipid metabolism and the performance of yellow-feathered broilers were tested. A total of 240 yellow-feasted broilers (21-day-old) were randomly divided into 4 groups (6 replicates per group, 10 broilers per replicate, half male and half female within each replicate). The groups were as follows: the control group (fed with basal diet), the group fed with basal diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg emulsifier, the group fed with a reduced oil diet (reduced by 1%) supplemented with 500 mg/kg emulsifier, and the group fed with a reduced oil diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg emulsifier. The trial lasted for 42 days, during which the average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed-to-gain ratio were measured. Additionally, the expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes in the liver, abdominal fat and each intestinal segment were assessed. RESULTS The results showed that compared with the basal diet group, (1) The average daily gain of the basal diet + 500 mg/kg emulsifier group significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the half-even-chamber rate was significantly increased (P < 0.05); (2) The mRNA expression levels of Cd36, Dgat2, Apob, Fatp4, Fabp2, and Mttp in the small intestine were significantly increased (P < 0.05). (3) Furthermore, liver TG content significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the mRNA expression level of Fasn in liver was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while the expression of Apob, Lpl, Cpt-1, and Pparα significantly increased (P < 0.05). (4) The mRNA expression levels of Lpl and Fatp4 in adipose tissue were significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the expression of Atgl was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). (5) Compared with the reduced oil diet group, the half-evading rate and abdominal fat rate of broilers in the reduced oil diet + 500 mg/kg emulsifier group were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the serum level of LDL-C increased significantly (P < 0.05)0.6) The mRNA expression levels of Cd36, Fatp4, Dgat2, Apob, and Mttp in the small intestine were significantly increased (P < 0.05). 7) The mRNA expression levels of Fasn and Acc were significantly decreased in the liver (P < 0.05), while the mRNA expression levels of Lpin1, Dgat2, Apob, Lpl, Cpt-1, and Pparα were significantly increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that dietary emulsifier can enhance the fat utilization efficiency of broilers by increasing the small intestinal fatty acid uptake capacity, inhibiting hepatic fatty acid synthesis and promoting hepatic TG synthesis and transport capacity. This study provides valuable insights for the potential use of emulsifier supplementation to improve the performance of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Dewei Zeng
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Limin Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Research, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571100, China
| | - Jingshen Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- Yingdong College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, 512005, China
| | - Lijun Wen
- Guangdong Hainachuan Biotechnology Co., LTD, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 528515, China
| | - Guangming Huang
- Guangdong Hainachuan Biotechnology Co., LTD, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 528515, China
| | - Zhenqing Dai
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Jiajie Sun
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China.
| | - Ting Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China.
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Zha A, Li W, Wang J, Bai P, Qi M, Liao P, Tan B, Yin Y. Trimethylamine oxide supplementation differentially regulates fat deposition in liver, longissimus dorsi muscle and adipose tissue of growing-finishing pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:25-35. [PMID: 38464952 PMCID: PMC10920132 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) is a microbiota-derived metabolite, and numerous studies have shown that it could regulate fat metabolism in humans and mice. However, few studies have focused on the effects of TMAO on fat deposition in growing-finishing pigs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of TMAO on fat deposition and intestinal microbiota in growing-finishing pigs. Sixteen growing pigs were randomly divided into 2 groups and fed with a basal diet with 0 or 1 g/kg TMAO for 149 d. The intestinal microbial profiles, fat deposition indexes, and fatty acid profiles were measured. These results showed that TMAO supplementation had a tendency to decrease lean body mass (P < 0.1) and significantly increased backfat thickness (P < 0.05), but it did not affect growth performance. TMAO significantly increased total protein (TP) concentration, and reduced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration in serum (P < 0.05). TMAO increased the α diversity of the ileal microbiota community (P < 0.05), and it did not affect the colonic microbial community. TMAO supplementation significantly increased acetate content in the ileum, and Proteobacteria and Escherichia-Shigella were significantly enriched in the TMAO group (P < 0.05). In addition, TMAO decreased fat content, as well as the ratio of linoleic acid, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and PUFA in the liver (P < 0.05). On the contrary, TMAO increased intramuscular fat content of the longissimus dorsi muscle, whereas the C18:2n6c ratio was increased, and the n-6 PUFA:PUFA ratio was decreased (P < 0.05). In vitro, 1 mM TMAO treatment significantly upregulated the expression of FASN and SREBP1 in C2C12 cells (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, TMAO also increased adipocyte area and decreased the CPT-1B expression in subcutaneous fat (P < 0.05). Taken together, TMAO supplementation regulated ileal microbial composition and acetate production, and regulated fat distribution and fatty acid composition in growing-finishing pigs. These results provide new insights for understanding the role of TMAO in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andong Zha
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Wanquan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ping Bai
- Yunnan Southwest Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Group Co., Ltd, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Ming Qi
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Bie Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
- Yunnan Southwest Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Group Co., Ltd, Kunming 650224, China
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29
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Xie Y, Yuan Q, Tang B, Xie Y, Cao Y, Qiu Y, Zeng J, Wang Z, Su H, Zhang C. CPT1A Protects Podocytes From Lipotoxicity and Apoptosis In Vitro and Alleviates Diabetic Nephropathy In Vivo. Diabetes 2024; 73:879-895. [PMID: 38506804 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Defective fatty acid oxidation (FAO) has been implicated in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), yet little is known about the role of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A (CPT1A), a pivotal rate-limiting enzyme of FAO, in the progression of DKD. Here, we investigate whether CPT1A is a reliable therapeutic target for DKD. We first confirmed the downregulation expression of CPT1A in glomeruli from patients with diabetes. We further evaluated the function of CPT1A in diabetic models. Overexpression of CPT1A exhibited protective effects in diabetic conditions, improving albuminuria and glomerular sclerosis as well as mitigating glomerular lipid deposits and podocyte injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Mechanistically, CPT1A not only fostered lipid consumption via fatty acid metabolism pathways, thereby reducing lipotoxicity, but also anchored Bcl2 to the mitochondrial membrane, thence preventing cytochrome C release and inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic process. Furthermore, a novel transcription factor of CPT1A, FOXA1, was identified. We elucidate the crucial role of CPT1A in mitigating podocyte injury and the progression of DKD, indicating that targeting CPT1A may be a promising avenue for DKD treatment. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ben Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaru Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiling Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jieyu Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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30
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Yuan L, Jiang H, Jia Y, Liao Y, Shao C, Zhou Y, Li J, Liao Y, Huang H, Pan Y, Wen W, Zhao X, Chen L, Jing X, Pan C, Wang W, Yao S, Zhang C. Fatty Acid Oxidation Supports Lymph Node Metastasis of Cervical Cancer via Acetyl-CoA-Mediated Stemness. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308422. [PMID: 38520724 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells supports the energy and metabolic demands during tumor metastasis. However, the metabolic alterations underlying lymph node metastasis (LNM) of cervical cancer (CCa) have not been well recognized. In the present study, it is found that lymphatic metastatic CCa cells have reduced dependency on glucose and glycolysis but increased fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Inhibition of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) significantly compromises palmitate-induced cell stemness. Mechanistically, FAO-derived acetyl-CoA enhances H3K27 acetylation (H3K27Ac) modification level in the promoter of stemness genes, increasing stemness and nodal metastasis in the lipid-rich nodal environment. Genetic and pharmacological loss of CPT1A function markedly suppresses the metastatic colonization of CCa cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes. Together, these findings propose an effective method of cancer therapy by targeting FAO in patients with CCa and lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hongye Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuandong Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Caixia Shao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yijia Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yan Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuwen Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Weijia Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xueyuan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Linna Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xu Jing
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17165, Sweden
| | - Chaoyun Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shuzhong Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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31
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Xu G, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Kao G, Li J. miR-1268a Regulates Fatty Acid Metabolism by Targeting CD36 in Angiotensin II-induced Heart Failure. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:1193-1201. [PMID: 38619643 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Multiple RNAs have been involved in the progress of heart failure. However, the role of miR-1268a in heart failure is still unclear. The differentially expressed miRNAs in heart failure was analyzed based on GEO dataset GSE104150. AC16 cells were treated with Angiotensin II (Ang II) to explore the role of miR-1268a in heart failure. The web tool miRWalk was used to analyze the targets of miR-1268a. miR-1268a was up-regulated in Ang II-treated AC16 cells. Ang II treatment markedly inhibited cell proliferation, ATP production, fatty acid (FA) uptake and enhanced levels of HF markers BNP and ST2, and oxidative stress of AC16 cells. Notably, inhibition of miR-1268a eliminated the inhibiting effect of Ang II on cell proliferation, ATP production, FA uptake and decreased levels of BNP an ST2, and oxidative stress on AC16 cells. Furthermore, CD36 was a target of miR-1268a and the CD36 level was decreased by miR-1268a mimics but increased by miR-1268a inhibitor in AC16 cells. miR-1268a regulates FA metabolism and oxidative stress in myocardial cells by targeting CD36 in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Guoying Kao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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32
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Chen X, Xu Y, Ju Y, Gu P. Metabolic Regulation of Endothelial Cells: A New Era for Treating Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5926. [PMID: 38892113 PMCID: PMC11172501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD) is a primary contributor to visual impairment and severe vision loss globally, but the prevailing treatments are often unsatisfactory. The development of conventional treatment strategies has largely been based on the understanding that the angiogenic switch of endothelial cells (ECs) is mainly dictated by angiogenic growth factors. Even though treatments targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), like ranibizumab, are widely administered, more than half of patients still exhibit inadequate or null responses, suggesting the involvement of other pathogenic mechanisms. With advances in research in recent years, it has become well recognized that EC metabolic regulation plays an active rather than merely passive responsive role in angiogenesis. Disturbances of these metabolic pathways may lead to excessive neovascularization in angiogenic diseases such as wet AMD, therefore targeted modulation of EC metabolism represents a promising therapeutic strategy for wet AMD. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the potential applications of EC metabolic regulation in wet AMD treatment from multiple perspectives, including the involvement of ECs in wet AMD pathogenesis, the major endothelial metabolic pathways, and novel therapeutic approaches targeting metabolism for wet AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (X.C.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (X.C.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yahan Ju
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (X.C.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (X.C.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
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33
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Smith HM, Ng HK, Moodie JE, Gadd DA, McCartney DL, Bernabeu E, Campbell A, Redmond P, Taylor A, Page D, Corley J, Harris SE, Tay D, Deary IJ, Evans KL, Robinson MR, Chambers JC, Loh M, Cox SR, Marioni RE, Hillary RF. Methylome-wide studies of six metabolic traits. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.29.24308103. [PMID: 38853823 PMCID: PMC11160850 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.29.24308103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Exploring the molecular correlates of metabolic health measures may identify the shared and unique biological processes and pathways that they track. Here, we performed epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs) of six metabolic traits: body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, waist-hip ratio (WHR), and blood-based measures of glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and total cholesterol. We considered blood-based DNA methylation (DNAm) from >750,000 CpG sites in over 17,000 volunteers from the Generation Scotland (GS) cohort. Linear regression analyses identified between 304 and 11,815 significant CpGs per trait at P<3.6×10-8, with 37 significant CpG sites across all six traits. Further, we performed a Bayesian EWAS that jointly models all CpGs simultaneously and conditionally on each other, as opposed to the marginal linear regression analyses. This identified between 3 and 27 CpGs with a posterior inclusion probability ≥ 0.95 across the six traits. Next, we used elastic net penalised regression to train epigenetic scores (EpiScores) of each trait in GS, which were then tested in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936; European ancestry) and Health for Life in Singapore (HELIOS; Indian-, Malay- and Chinese-ancestries). A maximum of 27.1% of the variance in BMI was explained by the BMI EpiScore in the subset of Malay-ancestry Singaporeans. Four metabolic EpiScores were associated with general cognitive function in LBC1936 in models adjusted for vascular risk factors (Standardised βrange: 0.08 - 0.12, PFDR < 0.05). EpiScores of metabolic health are applicable across ancestries and can reflect differences in brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Smith
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hong Kiat Ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Joanna E. Moodie
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Danni A. Gadd
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel L. McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elena Bernabeu
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Redmond
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adele Taylor
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Danielle Page
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janie Corley
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah E. Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Darwin Tay
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kathryn L. Evans
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matthew R. Robinson
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - John C. Chambers
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marie Loh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Simon R. Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Riccardo E. Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert F. Hillary
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Zhao H, Cheng X, Yan L, Mi F, Wang W, Hu Y, Liu X, Fan Y, Min Q, Wang Y, Zhang W, Wu Q, Zhan Q. APC/C-regulated CPT1C promotes tumor progression by upregulating the energy supply and accelerating the G1/S transition. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:283. [PMID: 38783346 PMCID: PMC11112774 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01657-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to functioning as a precise monitoring mechanism in cell cycle, the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is reported to be involved in regulating multiple metabolic processes by facilitating the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of key enzymes. Fatty acid oxidation is a metabolic pathway utilized by tumor cells that is crucial for malignant progression; however, its association with APC/C remains to be explored. METHODS Cell cycle synchronization, immunoblotting, and propidium iodide staining were performed to investigate the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 C (CPT1C) expression manner. Proximity ligation assay and co-immunoprecipitation were performed to detect interactions between CPT1C and APC/C. Flow cytometry, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2 H-tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) assays, cell-scratch assays, and transwell assays and xenograft transplantation assays were performed to investigate the role of CPT1C in tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tumor tissue microarray to evaluate the expression levels of CPT1C and explore its potential clinical value. RESULTS We identified CPT1C as a novel APC/C substrate. CPT1C protein levels exhibited cell cycle-dependent fluctuations, peaking at the G1/S boundary. Elevated CPT1C accelerated the G1/S transition, facilitating tumor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, CPT1C enhanced fatty acid utilization, upregulated ATP levels, and decreased reactive oxygen species levels, thereby favoring cell survival in a harsh metabolic environment. Clinically, high CPT1C expression correlated with poor survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results revealed a novel interplay between fatty acid utilization and cell cycle machinery in tumor cells. Additionally, CPT1C promoted tumor cell proliferation and survival by augmenting cellular ATP levels and preserving redox homeostasis, particularly under metabolic stress. Therefore, CPT1C could be an independent prognostic indicator in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xinxin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Liping Yan
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Fang Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yuying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xingyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yuyan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Qingjie Min
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Qingnan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Qimin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
- Soochow University Cancer Institute, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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Lin C, Zhang S, Yang P, Zhang B, Guo W, Wu R, Liu Y, Wang J, Wu H, Cai H. Combination of UGT1A1 polymorphism and baseline plasma bilirubin levels in predicting the risk of antipsychotic-induced dyslipidemia in schizophrenia patients. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 10:52. [PMID: 38760414 PMCID: PMC11101411 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The prolonged usage of atypical antipsychotic drugs (AAPD) among individuals with schizophrenia often leads to metabolic side effects such as dyslipidemia. These effects not only limit one's selection of AAPD but also significantly reduce compliance and quality of life of patients. Recent studies suggest that bilirubin plays a crucial role in maintaining lipid homeostasis and may be a potential pre-treatment biomarker for individuals with dyslipidemia. The present study included 644 schizophrenia patients from two centers. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected at baseline and 4 weeks after admission to investigate the correlation between metabolites, episodes, usage of AAPDs, and occurrence of dyslipidemia. Besides, we explored the combined predictive value of genotypes and baseline bilirubin for dyslipidemia by employing multiple PCR targeted capture techniques to sequence two pathways: bilirubin metabolism-related genes and lipid metabolism-related genes. Our results indicated that there existed a negative correlation between the changes in bilirubin levels and triglyceride (TG) levels in patients with schizophrenia. Among three types of bilirubin, direct bilirubin in the baseline (DBIL-bl) proved to be the most effective in predicting dyslipidemia in the ROC analysis (AUC = 0.627, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the odds ratio from multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that UGT1A1*6 was a protective factor for dyslipidemia (ß = -12.868, p < 0.001). The combination of baseline DBIL and UGT1A1*6 significantly improved the performance in predicting dyslipidemia (AUC = 0.939, p < 0.001). Schizophrenia patients with UGT1A1*6 mutation and a certain level of baseline bilirubin may be more resistant to dyslipidemia and have more selections for AAPD than other patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenquan Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuangyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Bikui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Hunan, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Renrong Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Jianjian Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Haishan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Hualin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.
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Tang S, Huang S, Huang J, Lai X, Guo J, Huang J, Zhong Y. Pogostone attenuated high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 970:176463. [PMID: 38461909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Inhibition of inflammasome activation is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Pogostone (PO), an active ingredient in Pogostemon cablin, exhibits various pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammation. However, there are no reports of the hepatoprotective effects of PO in NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Molecular biology methods and molecular docking analysis were used to determine the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of PO in NAFLD in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that in vitro, PO reduced lipid deposition, accelerated fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and inhibited the inflammatory response by elevating mRNA expression of FAO genes and decreasing mRNA expression of proinflammatory genes such as NLRP3. In vivo, PO significantly reduced body weight and liver fat deposition and lowered the generation of inflammatory factors, thereby ameliorating liver fibrosis and liver injury. The hepatoprotective effect of PO against HFD was largely impaired in NLRP3-/- mice. Molecular docking experiments demonstrated a strong interaction between PO and NLRP3. In conclusion, PO decreased fat deposition and the inflammatory response by inhibiting NLRP3 expression, resulting in the alleviation of NAFLD. Our study suggests that PO may be a promising treatment for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhao Tang
- Department of Acupuncture-Rehabilitation, Guangzhou-Liwan Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Shangyi Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- Department of Acupuncture-Rehabilitation, Guangzhou-Liwan Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Xinger Lai
- Department of Acupuncture-Rehabilitation, Guangzhou-Liwan Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Jingyi Guo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Jiawen Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Yanhua Zhong
- Department of Acupuncture-Rehabilitation, Guangzhou-Liwan Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China.
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Fan Z, Hao Y, Huo Y, Cao F, Li L, Xu J, Song Y, Yang K. Modulators for palmitoylation of proteins and small molecules. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116408. [PMID: 38621327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
As an essential form of lipid modification for maintaining vital cellular functions, palmitoylation plays an important role in in the regulation of various physiological processes, serving as a promising therapeutic target for diseases like cancer and neurological disorders. Ongoing research has revealed that palmitoylation can be categorized into three distinct types: N-palmitoylation, O-palmitoylation and S-palmitoylation. Herein this paper provides an overview of the regulatory enzymes involved in palmitoylation, including palmitoyltransferases and depalmitoylases, and discusses the currently available broad-spectrum and selective inhibitors for these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeshuai Fan
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yuchen Hao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yidan Huo
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Fei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Longfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Jianmei Xu
- Department of hematopathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yali Song
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Kan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China.
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Johnson AR, Rao K, Zhang BB, Mullet S, Goetzman E, Gelhaus S, Tejero J, Shiva U. Myoglobin Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Fatty Acid Oxidation and Migration via Heme-dependent Oxidant Production and Not Fatty Acid Binding. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.30.591659. [PMID: 38746370 PMCID: PMC11092581 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.30.591659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The monomeric heme protein myoglobin (Mb), traditionally thought to be expressed exclusively in cardiac and skeletal muscle, is now known to be expressed in approximately 40% of breast tumors. While Mb expression is associated with better patient prognosis, the molecular mechanisms by which Mb limits cancer progression are unclear. In muscle, Mb's predominant function is oxygen storage and delivery, which is dependent on the protein's heme moiety. However, prior studies demonstrate that the low levels of Mb expressed in cancer cells preclude this function. Recent studies propose a novel fatty acid binding function for Mb via a lysine residue (K46) in the heme pocket. Given that cancer cells can upregulate fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to maintain energy production for cytoskeletal remodeling during cell migration, we tested whether Mb-mediated fatty acid binding modulates FAO to decrease breast cancer cell migration. We demonstrate that the stable expression of human Mb in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells decreases cell migration and FAO. Site-directed mutagenesis of Mb to disrupt Mb fatty acid binding did not reverse Mb-mediated attenuation of FAO or cell migration in these cells. In contrast, cells expressing Apo-Mb, in which heme incorporation was disrupted, showed a reversal of Mb-mediated attenuation of FAO and cell migration, suggesting that Mb attenuates FAO and migration via a heme-dependent mechanism rather than through fatty acid binding. To this end, we show that Mb's heme-dependent oxidant generation propagates dysregulated gene expression of migratory genes, and this is reversed by catalase treatment. Collectively, these data demonstrate that Mb decreases breast cancer cell migration, and this effect is due to heme-mediated oxidant production rather than fatty acid binding. The implication of these results will be discussed in the context of therapeutic strategies to modulate oxidant production and Mb in tumors. Highlights Myoglobin (Mb) expression in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells slows migration.Mb expression decreases mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid oxidation.Mb-dependent fatty acid binding does not regulate cell migration or respiration.Mb-dependent oxidant generation decreases mitochondrial metabolism and migration.Mb-derived oxidants dysregulate migratory gene expression.
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Chen P, Yao L, Yuan M, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Li L. Mitochondrial dysfunction: A promising therapeutic target for liver diseases. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101115. [PMID: 38299199 PMCID: PMC10828599 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver is an important metabolic and detoxification organ and hence demands a large amount of energy, which is mainly produced by the mitochondria. Liver tissues of patients with alcohol-related or non-alcohol-related liver diseases contain ultrastructural mitochondrial lesions, mitochondrial DNA damage, disturbed mitochondrial dynamics, and compromised ATP production. Overproduction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species induces oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins and mitochondrial DNA, decreases mitochondrial membrane potential, triggers hepatocyte inflammation, and promotes programmed cell death, all of which impair liver function. Mitochondrial DNA may be a potential novel non-invasive biomarker of the risk of progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients infected with the hepatitis B virus. We herein present a review of the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of acute liver injury and chronic liver diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, alcoholic liver disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This review also discusses mitochondrion-centric therapies for treating liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Lichao Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Mengqin Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Qiuling Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Yingan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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Gao W, Wang Y, Liu S, Li G, Shao Q, Zhang C, Cao L, Liu K, Gao W, Yang Z, Dong Y, Du X, Lei L, Liu G, Li X. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1α and c-Jun N-terminal kinase axis activation contributes to intracellular lipid accumulation in calf hepatocytes. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3127-3139. [PMID: 37939835 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
During the perinatal period, dairy cows undergo negative energy balance, resulting in elevated circulating levels of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Although increased blood NEFA concentrations are a physiological adaptation of early lactation, excessive NEFA in dairy cows is a major cause of fatty liver. Aberrant lipid metabolism leads to hepatic lipid accumulation and subsequently the development of fatty liver. Both inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) have been validated for their association with hepatic lipid accumulation, including their regulatory functions in calf hepatocyte insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Meanwhile, both IRE1α and JNK are involved in lipid metabolism in nonruminants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate how IRE1α and JNK regulate lipid metabolism in bovine hepatocytes. An experiment was conducted on randomly selected 10 healthy cows (hepatic triglyceride [TG] content <1%) and 10 cows with fatty liver (hepatic TG content >5%). Liver tissue and blood samples were collected from experimental cows. Serum concentrations of NEFA and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) were greater, whereas serum concentrations of glucose and milk production were lower in cows with fatty liver. The western blot results revealed that dairy cows with fatty liver had higher phosphorylation levels of JNK, c-Jun, and IRE1α in the liver tissue. Three in vitro experiments were conducted using primary calf hepatocytes isolated from 5 healthy calves (body weight: 30-40 kg; 1 d old). First, hepatocytes were treated with NEFA (1.2 mM) for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, or 12 h, which showed that the phosphorylated levels of JNK, c-Jun, and IRE1α increased in both linear and quadratic effects. In the second experiment, hepatocytes were treated with high concentrations of NEFA (1.2 mM) for 12 h with or without SP600125, a canonical inhibitor of JNK. Western blot results showed that SP600125 treatment could decrease the expression of lipogenesis-associated proteins (PPARγ and SREBP-1c) and increase the expression of fatty acid oxidation (FAO)-associated proteins (CPT1A and PPARα) in NEFA-treated hepatocytes. The perturbed expression of lipogenesis-associated genes (FASN, ACACA, and CD36) and FAO-associated gene ACOX1 were also recovered by JNK inhibition, indicating that JNK reduced excessive NEFA-induced lipogenesis and FAO dysregulation in calf hepatocytes. Third, short hairpin RNA targeting IRE1α (sh-IRE1α) was transfected into calf hepatocytes to silence IRE1α, and KIRA6 was used to inhibit the kinase activity of IRE1α. The blockage of IRE1α could at least partially suppressed NEFA-induced JNK activation. Moreover, the blockage of IRE1α downregulated the expression of lipogenesis genes and upregulated the expression of FAO genes in NEFA-treated hepatocytes. In conclusion, these findings indicate that targeting the IRE1α-JNK axis can reduce NEFA-induced lipid accumulation in bovine hepatocytes by modulating lipogenesis and FAO. This may offer a prospective therapeutic target for fatty liver in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yanxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Guojin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qi Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Liguang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wenrui Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yifei Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiliang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lin Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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Won Y, Jang B, Lee SH, Reyzer ML, Presentation KS, Kim H, Caldwell B, Zhang C, Lee HS, Lee C, Trinh VQ, Tan MCB, Kim K, Caprioli RM, Choi E. Oncogenic Fatty Acid Metabolism Rewires Energy Supply Chain in Gastric Carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2024; 166:772-786.e14. [PMID: 38272100 PMCID: PMC11040571 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gastric carcinogenesis develops within a sequential carcinogenic cascade from precancerous metaplasia to dysplasia and adenocarcinoma, and oncogenic gene activation can drive the process. Metabolic reprogramming is considered a key mechanism for cancer cell growth and proliferation. However, how metabolic changes contribute to the progression of metaplasia to dysplasia remains unclear. We have examined metabolic dynamics during gastric carcinogenesis using a novel mouse model that induces Kras activation in zymogen-secreting chief cells. METHODS We generated a Gif-rtTA;TetO-Cre;KrasG12D (GCK) mouse model that continuously induces active Kras expression in chief cells after doxycycline treatment. Histologic examination and imaging mass spectrometry were performed in the GCK mouse stomachs at 2 to 14 weeks after doxycycline treatment. Mouse and human gastric organoids were used for metabolic enzyme inhibitor treatment. The GCK mice were treated with a stearoyl- coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) inhibitor to inhibit the fatty acid desaturation. Tissue microarrays were used to assess the SCD expression in human gastrointestinal cancers. RESULTS The GCK mice developed metaplasia and high-grade dysplasia within 4 months. Metabolic reprogramming from glycolysis to fatty acid metabolism occurred during metaplasia progression to dysplasia. Altered fatty acid desaturation through SCD produces a novel eicosenoic acid, which fuels dysplastic cell hyperproliferation and survival. The SCD inhibitor killed both mouse and human dysplastic organoids and selectively targeted dysplastic cells in vivo. SCD was up-regulated during carcinogenesis in human gastrointestinal cancers. CONCLUSIONS Active Kras expression only in gastric chief cells drives the full spectrum of gastric carcinogenesis. Also, oncogenic metabolic rewiring is an essential adaptation for high-energy demand in dysplastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonkyung Won
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bogun Jang
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pathology, Jeju National University College of Medicine and Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Lee
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michelle L Reyzer
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kimberly S Presentation
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hyesung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pathology, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Brianna Caldwell
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Vincent Q Trinh
- The Digital Histology and Advanced Pathology Research, The Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC) of the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marcus C B Tan
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kwangho Kim
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard M Caprioli
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
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42
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Chiariello A, Rossetti L, Valente S, Pasquinelli G, Sollazzo M, Iommarini L, Porcelli AM, Tognocchi M, Conte G, Santoro A, Kwiatkowska KM, Garagnani P, Salvioli S, Conte M. Downregulation of PLIN2 in human dermal fibroblasts impairs mitochondrial function in an age-dependent fashion and induces cell senescence via GDF15. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14111. [PMID: 38650174 PMCID: PMC11113257 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Perilipin 2 (PLIN2) is a lipid droplet (LD)-coating protein playing important roles in lipid homeostasis and suppression of lipotoxicity in different tissues and cell types. Recently, a role for PLIN2 in supporting mitochondrial function has emerged. PLIN2 dysregulation is involved in many metabolic disorders and age-related diseases. However, the exact consequences of PLIN2 dysregulation are not yet completely understood. In this study, we knocked down (KD) PLIN2 in primary human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs) from young (mean age 29 years) and old (mean age 71 years) healthy donors. We have found that PLIN2 KD caused a decline of mitochondrial function only in hDFs from young donors, while mitochondria of hDFs from old donors (that are already partially impaired) did not significantly worsen upon PLIN2 KD. This mitochondrial impairment is associated with the increased expression of the stress-related mitokine growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and the induction of cell senescence. Interestingly, the simultaneous KD of PLIN2 and GDF15 abrogated the induction of cell senescence, suggesting that the increase in GDF15 is the mediator of this phenomenon. Moreover, GDF15 KD caused a profound alteration of gene expression, as observed by RNA-Seq analysis. After a more stringent analysis, this alteration remained statistically significant only in hDFs from young subjects, further supporting the idea that cells from old and young donors react differently when undergoing manipulation of either PLIN2 or GDF15 genes, with the latter being likely a downstream mediator of the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Chiariello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Luca Rossetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
- Interdepartmental Centre “Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)”University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Sabrina Valente
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Manuela Sollazzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Luisa Iommarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Anna Maria Porcelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Monica Tognocchi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Conte
- Department of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | | | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Maria Conte
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
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43
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Harders AR, Spellerberg P, Dringen R. Exogenous Substrates Prevent the Decline in the Cellular ATP Content of Primary Rat Astrocytes During Glucose Deprivation. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1188-1199. [PMID: 38341839 PMCID: PMC10991069 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Brain astrocytes are well known for their broad metabolic potential. After glucose deprivation, cultured primary astrocytes maintain a high cellular ATP content for many hours by mobilizing endogenous substrates, but within 24 h the specific cellular ATP content was lowered to around 30% of the initial ATP content. This experimental setting was used to test for the potential of various exogenous substrates to prevent a loss in cellular ATP in glucose deprived astrocytes. The presence of various extracellular monocarboxylates, purine nucleosides or fatty acids prevented the loss of ATP from glucose-deprived astrocytes. Of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids, only alanine, aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, lysine or proline maintained high ATP levels in starved astrocytes. Among these amino acids, proline was found to be the most potent one to prevent the ATP loss. The astrocytic consumption of proline as well as the ability of proline to maintain a high cellular ATP content was prevented in a concentration-dependent manner by the proline dehydrogenase inhibitor tetrahydro-2-furoic acid. Analysis of the concentration-dependencies obtained by considering the different carbon content of the applied substrates revealed that fatty acids and proline are more potent than glucose and monocarboxylates as exogenous substrates to prevent ATP depletion in glucose-deprived astrocytes. These data demonstrate that cultured astrocytes can utilise a wide range of extracellular substrates as fuels to support mitochondrial ATP regeneration and identify proline as potent exogenous substrate for the energy metabolism of starved astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Regina Harders
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
- Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technologies, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Paul Spellerberg
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ralf Dringen
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany.
- Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technologies, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
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44
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Enkler L, Spang A. Functional interplay of lipid droplets and mitochondria. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1235-1251. [PMID: 38268392 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Our body stores energy mostly in form of fatty acids (FAs) in lipid droplets (LDs). From there the FAs can be mobilized and transferred to peroxisomes and mitochondria. This transfer is dependent on close opposition of LDs and mitochondria and peroxisomes and happens at membrane contact sites. However, the composition and the dynamics of these contact sites is not well understood, which is in part due to the dependence on the metabolic state of the cell and on the cell- and tissue-type. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the contacts between lipid droplets and mitochondria both in mammals and in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in which various contact sites are well studied. We discuss possible functions of the contact site and their implication in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Spang
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Switzerland
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45
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Jia Y, Yu H, Liang J, Zhang Q, Sun J, Yang H, Yan H, Zhang S, Li Y, Jin Y, Yang M. Increased FGF-21 Improves Ectopic Lipid Deposition in the Liver and Skeletal Muscle. Nutrients 2024; 16:1254. [PMID: 38732501 PMCID: PMC11085859 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity can lead to excessive lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues, such as the liver and skeletal muscles, leading to ectopic lipid deposition and damaging target organ function through lipotoxicity. FGF-21 is a key factor in regulating lipid metabolism, so we aim to explore whether FGF-21 is involved in improving ectopic lipid deposition. We observed the characteristics of ectopic lipid deposition in the liver and skeletal muscles of obesity-resistant mice, detected the expression of FGF-21 and perilipin, and found that obesity-resistant mice showed a decrease in ectopic lipid deposition in the liver and skeletal muscles and increased expression of FGF-21. After inhibiting the expression of FGF-21, a more severe lipid deposition in liver cells and skeletal muscle cells was found. The results indicate that inhibiting FGF-21 can exacerbate ectopic lipid deposition via regulating lipid droplet synthesis and decomposition, as well as free fatty acid translocation and oxidation. In conclusion, FGF-21 is involved in improving ectopic lipid deposition caused by obesity in the liver and skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.J.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Huixin Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.J.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Jia Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.J.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.J.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Jiawei Sun
- College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (J.S.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hongqing Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (J.S.); (H.Y.)
| | - Haijing Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.J.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.J.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yana Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China;
| | - Yongjun Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China;
| | - Meizi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; (Y.J.); (H.Y.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (H.Y.); (S.Z.)
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46
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Cao PHA, Dominic A, Lujan FE, Senthilkumar S, Bhattacharya PK, Frigo DE, Subramani E. Unlocking ferroptosis in prostate cancer - the road to novel therapies and imaging markers. Nat Rev Urol 2024:10.1038/s41585-024-00869-9. [PMID: 38627553 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-024-00869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a distinct form of regulated cell death that is predominantly driven by the build-up of intracellular iron and lipid peroxides. Ferroptosis suppression is widely accepted to contribute to the pathogenesis of several tumours including prostate cancer. Results from some studies reported that prostate cancer cells can be highly susceptible to ferroptosis inducers, providing potential for an interesting new avenue of therapeutic intervention for advanced prostate cancer. In this Perspective, we describe novel molecular underpinnings and metabolic drivers of ferroptosis, analyse the functions and mechanisms of ferroptosis in tumours, and highlight prostate cancer-specific susceptibilities to ferroptosis by connecting ferroptosis pathways to the distinctive metabolic reprogramming of prostate cancer cells. Leveraging these novel mechanistic insights could provide innovative therapeutic opportunities in which ferroptosis induction augments the efficacy of currently available prostate cancer treatment regimens, pending the elimination of major bottlenecks for the clinical translation of these treatment combinations, such as the development of clinical-grade inhibitors of the anti-ferroptotic enzymes as well as non-invasive biomarkers of ferroptosis. These biomarkers could be exploited for diagnostic imaging and treatment decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Hong Anh Cao
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abishai Dominic
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fabiola Ester Lujan
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sanjanaa Senthilkumar
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pratip K Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel E Frigo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signalling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Elavarasan Subramani
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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47
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Liang Z, He H, Zhang B, Kai Z, Zong L. Hypoxia expedites the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma by promoting the CPT1A-mediated fatty acid oxidative pathway. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22168. [PMID: 38450796 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia has been reported to promote the proliferation and migration of thyroid cancer, while the special mechanism was still unclear. HIF-1α/carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1A (CPT1A) was found to be associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) but the biological role of CPT1A in PTC was not explored. The effects of hypoxia and carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1A (CPT1A) expression on PTC cells were determined by cell counting kit-8 assay, detection of oxidative stress, inflammation response and mitochondrial membrane motential (MMP). Oil Red O staining and the detection of free fatty acids were performed to assess the status of lipid metabolism. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to assess cell apoptosis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot analysis were applied to investigate the expressions of CPT1A and HIF-1α and the molecules involved cell function. The expressions of CPT1A and HIF-1α were significantly increased in PTC cells with or without hypoxia treatment. CPT1A overexpression or silencing promoted or inhibited cell viability, and hypoxia further repressed cell viability. In addition, CPT1A overexpression alleviates hypoxia-induced increased oxidative stress, inflammation response and elevated MMP. CPT1A overexpression enhanced palmitic acid-induced decreased cell growth, enhanced the metabolic capacity of free fatty acid and suppressed cell apoptosis. Animal experiments showed that CPT1A overexpression promoted PTC tumor growth, reduced lipid deposition, oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as enhancing cell function indicators. However, CPT1A silencing showed the opposite effects both in vitro and in vivo. Hypoxia induces the high expression of HIF-1α/CPT1A, thereby reprogramming the lipid metabolism of PTC cells for adapting the hypoxia environment, meanwhile inhibiting the cell damage and apoptosis caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Liang
- Zhantansi Outpatient, Central Medical District of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongsheng He
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Topgen Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Zhantansi Outpatient, Central Medical District of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhentian Kai
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Topgen Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zong
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
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Chen PH, Lee TW, Liu SH, Huynh TV, Chung CC, Yeh YH, Kao YH, Chen YJ. Lithium downregulates phosphorylated acetyl‑CoA carboxylase 2 and attenuates mitochondrial fatty acid utilization and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:126. [PMID: 38414784 PMCID: PMC10895620 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 plays a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in cardiomyocytes. Lithium, a monovalent cation known for its cardioprotective potential, has been investigated for its influence on mitochondrial bioenergetics. The present study explored whether lithium modulated acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 and mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism in cardiomyocytes and the potential therapeutic applications of lithium in alleviating metabolic stress. Mitochondrial bioenergetic function, fatty acid oxidation, reactive oxygen species production, membrane potential and the expression of proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism in H9c2 cardiomyocytes treated with LiCl for 48 h was measured by using a Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer, fluorescence microscopy and western blotting. Small interfering RNA against glucose transporter type 4 was transfected into H9c2 cardiomyocytes for 48 h to induce metabolic stress mimicking insulin resistance. The results revealed that LiCl at a concentration of 0.3 mM (but not at a concentration of 0.1 or 1.0 mM) upregulated the expression of phosphorylated (p-)glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta and downregulated the expression of p-acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 but did not affect the expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase or calcineurin. Cotreatment with TWS119 (8 µM) and LiCl (0.3 mM) downregulated p-acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 expression to a similar extent as did treatment with TWS119 (8 µM) alone. Moreover, LiCl (0.3 mM) inhibited mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, improved coupling efficiency and the cellular respiratory control ratio, hindered reactive oxygen species production and proton leakage and restored mitochondrial membrane potential in glucose transporter type 4 knockdown-H9c2 cardiomyocytes. These findings suggested that low therapeutic levels of lithium can downregulate p-acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2, thus reducing mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Huan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ting-Wei Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shuen-Hsin Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tin Van Huynh
- International PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Thong Nhat Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Cheng-Chih Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Hsin Yeh
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Song YF, Wang LJ, Luo Z, Hogstrand C, Lai XH, Zheng FF. Moderate replacement of fish oil with palmitic acid-stimulated mitochondrial fusion promotes β-oxidation by Mfn2 interacting with Cpt1α via its GTPase-domain. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 126:109559. [PMID: 38158094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The mitochondrial matrix serves as the principal locale for the process of fatty acids (FAs) β-oxidation. Preserving the integrity and homeostasis of mitochondria, which is accomplished through ongoing fusion and fission events, is of paramount importance for the effective execution of FAs β-oxidation. There has been no investigation to date into whether and how mitochondrial fusion directly enhances FAs β-oxidation. The underlying mechanism of a balanced FAs ratio favoring hepatic lipid homeostasis remains largely unclear. To address such gaps, the present study was conducted to investigate the mechanism through which a balanced dietary FAs ratio enhances hepatic FAs β-oxidation. The investigation specifically focused on the involvement of Mfn2-mediated mitochondrial fusion in the regulation of Cpt1α in this process. In the present study, the yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), recognized as a model organism for lipid metabolism, were subjected to eight weeks of in vivo feeding with six distinct diets featuring varying FAs ratios. Additionally, in vitro experiments were conducted to inhibit Mfn2-mediated mitochondrial fusion in isolated hepatocytes, achieved through the transfection of hepatocytes with si-mfn2. Further, deletion mutants for both Mfn2 and Cpt1α were constructed to elucidate the critical regions responsible for the interactions between these two proteins within the system. The key findings were: (1) Substituting palmitic acid (PA) for fish oil (FO) proved to be enhanced in reducing hepatic lipid accumulation. This beneficial effect was primarily attributed to the activation of mitochondrial FAs β-oxidation; (2) The balanced replacement of PA stimulated Mfn2-mediated mitochondrial fusion by diminishing Mfn2 ubiquitination, thereby enhancing its protein retention within the mitochondria; (3) Mfn2-mediated mitochondrial fusion promoted FAs β-oxidation through direct interaction between Mfn2 and Cpt1α via its GTPase-domains, which is essential for the maintenance of Cpt1 activity. Notably, the present research results unveil a previously undisclosed mechanism wherein Mfn2-mediated mitochondrial fusion promotes FAs β-oxidation by directly augmenting the capacity for FA transport into mitochondria (MT), in addition to expanding the mitochondrial matrix. This underscores the pivotal role of mitochondrial fusion in preserving hepatic lipid homeostasis. The present results further confirm that these mechanisms are evolutionarily conserved, extending their relevance from fish to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ling-Jiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xiao-Hong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei-Fei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Liu Z, Guo F, Zhu Y, Qin S, Hou Y, Guo H, Lin F, Chen PR, Fan X. Bioorthogonal photocatalytic proximity labeling in primary living samples. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2712. [PMID: 38548729 PMCID: PMC10978841 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In situ profiling of subcellular proteomics in primary living systems, such as native tissues or clinic samples, is crucial for understanding life processes and diseases, yet challenging due to methodological obstacles. Here we report CAT-S, a bioorthogonal photocatalytic chemistry-enabled proximity labeling method, that expands proximity labeling to a wide range of primary living samples for in situ profiling of mitochondrial proteomes. Powered by our thioQM labeling warhead development and targeted bioorthogonal photocatalytic chemistry, CAT-S enables the labeling of mitochondrial proteins in living cells with high efficiency and specificity. We apply CAT-S to diverse cell cultures, dissociated mouse tissues as well as primary T cells from human blood, portraying the native-state mitochondrial proteomic characteristics, and unveiled hidden mitochondrial proteins (PTPN1, SLC35A4 uORF, and TRABD). Furthermore, CAT-S allows quantification of proteomic perturbations on dysfunctional tissues, exampled by diabetic mouse kidneys, revealing the alterations of lipid metabolism that may drive disease progression. Given the advantages of non-genetic operation, generality, and spatiotemporal resolution, CAT-S may open exciting avenues for subcellular proteomic investigations of primary samples that are otherwise inaccessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Liu
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuhu Guo
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufan Zhu
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengnan Qin
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Hou
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haotian Guo
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng R Chen
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinyuan Fan
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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