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Solomon PE, Bracken CJ, Carozza JA, Wang H, Young EP, Wellner A, Liu CC, Sweet-Cordero EA, Li L, Wells JA. Discovery of VH domains that allosterically inhibit ENPP1. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:30-41. [PMID: 37400538 PMCID: PMC10746542 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Ectodomain phosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (ENPP1) is overexpressed on cancer cells and functions as an innate immune checkpoint by hydrolyzing extracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP). Biologic inhibitors have not yet been reported and could have substantial therapeutic advantages over current small molecules because they can be recombinantly engineered into multifunctional formats and immunotherapies. Here we used phage and yeast display coupled with in cellulo evolution to generate variable heavy (VH) single-domain antibodies against ENPP1 and discovered a VH domain that allosterically inhibited the hydrolysis of cGAMP and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). We solved a 3.2 Å-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure for the VH inhibitor complexed with ENPP1 that confirmed its new allosteric binding pose. Finally, we engineered the VH domain into multispecific formats and immunotherapies, including a bispecific fusion with an anti-PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor that showed potent cellular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E Solomon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Colton J Bracken
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cartography Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline A Carozza
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Haoqing Wang
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Macromolecular Structural Knowledge Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Young
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alon Wellner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Chang C Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - E Alejandro Sweet-Cordero
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lingyin Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James A Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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2
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Khan Jadoon MS, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Iqbal J. Synthesis of new class of indole acetic acid sulfonate derivatives as ectonucleotidases inhibitors. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29496-29511. [PMID: 37822663 PMCID: PMC10562900 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04266a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectonucleotidases inhibitors (ENPPs, e5'NT (CD73) and h-TNAP) are potential therapeutic candidates for the treatment of cancer. Adenosine, the cancer-developing, and growth moiety is the resultant product of these enzymes. The synthesis of small molecules that can increase the acidic and ionizable structure of adenosine 5-monophosphate (AMP) has been used in traditional attempts to inhibit ENPPs, ecto-5'-nucleotidase and h-TNAP. In this article, we present a short and interesting method for developing substituted indole acetic acid sulfonate derivatives (5a-5o), which are non-nucleotide based small molecules, and investigated their inhibitory potential against recombinant h-ENPP1, h-ENPP3, h-TNAP, h-e5'NT and r-e5'NT. Their overexpression in the tumor environment leads to high adenosine level that results in tumor development as well as immune evasion. Therefore, selective, and potent inhibitors of these enzymes would be expected to decrease adenosine levels and manage tumor development and progression. Our intended outcome led to the discovery of new potent inhibitors like' 5e (IC50 against h-ENPP1 = 0.32 ± 0.01 μM, 58 folds increased with respect to suramin), 5j (IC50 against h-ENPP3 = 0.62 ± 0.003 μM, 21 folds increase with respect to suramin), 5c (IC50 against h-e5'NT = 0.37 ± 0.03 μM, 115 folds increase with respect to sulfamic acid), 5i (IC50 against r-e5'NT = 0.81 ± 0.05 μM, 95 folds increase with respect to sulfamic acid), and 5g (IC50 against h-TNAP = 0.59 ± 0.08 μM, 36 folds increase with respect to Levamisole). Molecular docking studies revealed that inhibitors of these selected target enzymes induced favorable interactions with the key amino acids of the active site, including Lys255, Lys278, Asn277, Gly533, Lys528, Tyr451, Phe257, Tyr340, Gln465, Gln434, Lys437, Glu830, Cys818, Asn499, Arg40, Phe417, Phe500, Asn503, Asn599, Tyr281, Arg397, Asp526, Phe419 and Tyr502. Enzyme kinetic studies revealed that potent compounds such as 5j and 5e blocked these ectonucleotidases competitively while compounds 5e and 5c presented an un-competitive binding mode. 5g revealed a non-competitive mode of inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Siraj Khan Jadoon
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval Québec G1V 4G2 Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval Québec G1V 4G2 Canada
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
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3
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Babu A, Ramanathan G. Multi-omics insights and therapeutic implications in polycystic ovary syndrome: a review. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:130. [PMID: 37079114 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological disease that causes adverse effects in women in their reproductive phase. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Over the last decade, sequencing and omics approaches have advanced at an increased pace. Omics initiatives have come to the forefront of biomedical research by presenting the significance of biological functions and processes. Thus, multi-omics profiling has yielded important insights into understanding the biology of PCOS by identifying potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Multi-omics platforms provide high-throughput data to leverage the molecular mechanisms and pathways involving genetic alteration, epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation, protein interaction, and metabolic alterations in PCOS. The purpose of this review is to outline the prospects of multi-omics technologies in PCOS research by revealing novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Finally, we address the knowledge gaps and emerging treatment strategies for the management of PCOS. Future PCOS research in multi-omics at the single-cell level may enhance diagnostic and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achsha Babu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Gnanasambandan Ramanathan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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4
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Rani S, Chandna P. Multiomics Analysis-Based Biomarkers in Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:1-27. [PMID: 35084716 PMCID: PMC10010205 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome is an utmost communal endocrine, psychological, reproductive, and metabolic disorder that occurs in women of reproductive age with extensive range of clinical manifestations. This may even lead to long-term multiple morbidities including obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, infertility, cerebrovascular diseases, and ovarian and endometrial cancer. Women affliction from PCOS in midst assemblage of manifestations allied with menstrual dysfunction and androgen exorbitance, which considerably affects eminence of life. PCOS is recognized as a multifactorial disorder and systemic syndrome in first-degree family members; therefore, the etiology of PCOS syndrome has not been copiously interpreted. The disorder of PCOS comprehends numerous allied health conditions and has influenced various metabolic processes. Due to multifaceted pathophysiology engaging several pathways and proteins, single genetic diagnostic tests cannot be supportive to determine in straight way. Clarification of cellular and biochemical pathways and various genetic players underlying PCOS could upsurge our consideration of pathophysiology of this syndrome. It is requisite to know pathophysiological relationship between biomarker and their reflection towards PCOS disease. Biomarkers deliver vibrantly and potent ways to apprehend the spectrum of PCOS with applications in screening, diagnosis, characterization, and monitoring. This paper relies on the endeavor to point out many candidates as potential biomarkers based on omics technologies, thus highlighting correlation between PCOS disease with innovative technologies. Therefore, the objective of existing review is to encapsulate more findings towards cutting-edge advances in prospective use of biomarkers for PCOS disease. Discussed biomarkers may be fruitful in guiding therapies, addressing disease risk, and predicting clinical outcomes in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Rani
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi, South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi , 110021, India.
| | - Piyush Chandna
- Natdynamics Biosciences Confederation, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122001, India
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5
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Bhandary P, Shetty PK, Manjeera L, Patil P. Hormonal, genetic, epigenetic and environmental aspects of polycystic ovarian syndrome. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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6
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Ullah S, Hamid K, Batool A, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Khan AR, Langer P, Iqbal J. Synthesis of new sulphonate derivatives containing adamantane and 4-chlorophenyl moieties as nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 and -3 inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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The purinergic signalling and inflammation in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes: key factors and therapeutic targets. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:759-770. [PMID: 35648156 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important chronic disease around the world, and according to the World Health Organization, it is the 9th principal cause of global death. This pathology is characterized by high levels of circulating glucose as a result of insulin resistance, and it is well stated that inflammation related to obesity is directly associated with the development of the disease. The purinergic signalling is involved in both pancreatic destruction, which impairs insulin secretion, and the cytokine production that favors insulin resistance in T2DM. In this review, the purinergic signalling aspects will be discussed, showing the impact of the enzymes, nucleotides, nucleosides, and receptors of this system and the cytokines that result in inflammation, in the development and progression of T2DM, besides, pointing the purinergic receptors as a possible therapeutic approach.
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8
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Bartlett CL, Cave EM, Crowther NJ, Ferris WF. A new perspective on the function of Tissue Non-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase: from bone mineralization to intra-cellular lipid accumulation. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2093-2106. [PMID: 35471716 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04429-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is one of four isozymes, which include germ cell, placental and intestinal alkaline phosphatases. The TNAP isozyme has 3 isoforms (liver, bone and kidney) which differ by tissue expression and glycosylation pattern. Despite a long history of investigation, the exact function of TNAP in many tissues is largely unknown. Only the bone isoform has been well characterised during mineralization where the enzyme hydrolyses pyrophosphate to inorganic phosphate, which combines with calcium to form hydroxyapatite crystals deposited as new bone. The inorganic phosphate also increases gene expression of proteins that support tissue mineralization. Recent studies have shown that TNAP is expressed in preadipocytes from several species, and that inhibition of TNAP activity causes attenuation of intracellular lipid accumulation in these and other lipid-storing cells. The mechanism by which TNAP stimulates lipid accumulation is not known; however, proteins that are important for controlling phosphate levels in bone are also expressed in adipocytes. This review examines the evidence that inorganic phosphate generated by TNAP promotes transcription that enhances the expression of the regulators of lipid storage and consequently, that TNAP has a major function of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara-Lesley Bartlett
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Eleanor Margaret Cave
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nigel John Crowther
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - William Frank Ferris
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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9
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Bano S, Al-Rashida M, Alharthy RD, Khan IA, Iqbal J. Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) including NPP1 and NPP2/ ATX as important drug targets: A patent review (2015-2020). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:743-751. [PMID: 35333684 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2058874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases), alkaline phosphatases (APs), and ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatases/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) are nucleotidases found on the cell surface. It is a promising therapeutic target for a range of disorders, including fibrosis, tumour metastasis, pruritus, inflammation, multiple sclerosis, and autoimmune diseases. As a result, therapeutic intervention including selective inhibitors of NPPs is required. AREA COVERED Many chemical substances, including pyrazole, pyridine and bicyclic compounds have demonstrated promising inhibitory potential for ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases. The chemistry and clinical applications of NPPs inhibitors patented between 2015 and 2020 are discussed in this review. EXPERT OPINION : In recent years, there has been a lot of effort put into finding effective and selective inhibitors of NPPs. Despite the fact that a variety of synthetic inhibitors have been created, only a few investigations on their in vivo activity have been published. In addition to IOA-289 which has passed Phase Ia clinical trials; potent ATX inhibitor compounds such as BLD-0409, IPF and BBT-877 have been placed in phase I clinical studies. Some of the most promising ATX inhibitors in recent years are closely related analogs of previously known inhibitors, such as PF-8380. Knowledge of the structure activity relationship of such promising inhibitors can potentially translate into the discovery of more potent and effective inhibitors of NPP with a variety of structural characteristics and favourable therapeutic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Bano
- Center for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Mariya Al-Rashida
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Rima D Alharthy
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Arts College, Rabigh Campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imtiaz Ali Khan
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural University, Peshawar 25130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Center for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
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10
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Antonucci A, Marucci A, Trischitta V, Di Paola R. Role of GALNT2 on Insulin Sensitivity, Lipid Metabolism and Fat Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:929. [PMID: 35055114 PMCID: PMC8781516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
O-linked glycosylation, the greatest form of post-translational modifications, plays a key role in regulating the majority of physiological processes. It is, therefore, not surprising that abnormal O-linked glycosylation has been related to several human diseases. Recently, GALNT2, which encodes the GalNAc-transferase 2 involved in the first step of O-linked glycosylation, has attracted great attention as a possible player in many highly prevalent human metabolic diseases, including atherogenic dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes and obesity, all clustered on the common ground of insulin resistance. Data available both in human and animal models point to GALNT2 as a molecule that shapes the risk of the aforementioned abnormalities affecting diverse protein functions, which eventually cause clinically distinct phenotypes (a typical example of pleiotropism). Pathways linking GALNT2 to dyslipidemia and insulin resistance have been partly identified, while those for type 2 diabetes and obesity are yet to be understood. Here, we will provide a brief overview on the present knowledge on GALNT2 function and dysfunction and propose novel insights on the complex pathogenesis of the aforementioned metabolic diseases, which all impose a heavy burden for patients, their families and the entire society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Antonucci
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), 71013 Foggia, Italy; (A.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonella Marucci
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), 71013 Foggia, Italy; (A.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), 71013 Foggia, Italy; (A.A.); (A.M.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Di Paola
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), 71013 Foggia, Italy; (A.A.); (A.M.)
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11
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Structure and function of the Ecto-Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase-Phosphodiesterase (ENPP) family: tidying up diversity. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101526. [PMID: 34958798 PMCID: PMC8808174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (ENPP) family members (ENPP1–7) have been implicated in key biological and pathophysiological processes, including nucleotide and phospholipid signaling, bone mineralization, fibrotic diseases, and tumor-associated immune cell infiltration. ENPPs are single-pass transmembrane ecto-enzymes, with notable exceptions of ENPP2 (Autotaxin) and ENNP6, which are secreted and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored, respectively. ENNP1 and ENNP2 are the best characterized and functionally the most interesting members. Here, we review the structural features of ENPP1–7 to understand how they evolved to accommodate specific substrates and mediate different biological activities. ENPPs are defined by a conserved phosphodiesterase (PDE) domain. In ENPP1–3, the PDE domain is flanked by two N-terminal somatomedin B-like domains and a C-terminal inactive nuclease domain that confers structural stability, whereas ENPP4–7 only possess the PDE domain. Structural differences in the substrate-binding site endow each protein with unique characteristics. Thus, ENPP1, ENPP3, ENPP4, and ENPP5 hydrolyze nucleotides, whereas ENPP2, ENPP6, and ENNP7 evolved as phospholipases through adaptions in the catalytic domain. These adaptations explain the different biological and pathophysiological functions of individual members. Understanding the ENPP members as a whole advances our insights into common mechanisms, highlights their functional diversity, and helps to explore new biological roles.
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12
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Roberts FL, Rashdan NA, Phadwal K, Markby GR, Dillon S, Zoll J, Berger J, Milne E, Orriss IR, Karsenty G, Le Saux O, Morton NM, Farquharson C, MacRae VE. Osteoblast-specific deficiency of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase or phosphodiesterase-1 engenders insulin resistance in high-fat diet fed mice. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:4614-4624. [PMID: 33305372 PMCID: PMC9665351 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Supraphysiological levels of the osteoblast-enriched mineralization regulator ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase or phosphodiesterase-1 (NPP1) is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We determined the impact of osteoblast-specific Enpp1 ablation on skeletal structure and metabolic phenotype in mice. Female, but not male, 6-week-old mice lacking osteoblast NPP1 expression (osteoblast-specific knockout [KO]) exhibited increased femoral bone volume or total volume (17.50% vs. 11.67%; p < .01), and reduced trabecular spacing (0.187 vs. 0.157 mm; p < .01) compared with floxed (control) mice. Furthermore, an enhanced ability of isolated osteoblasts from the osteoblast-specific KO to calcify their matrix in vitro compared to fl/fl osteoblasts was observed (p < .05). Male osteoblast-specific KO and fl/fl mice showed comparable glucose and insulin tolerance despite increased levels of insulin-sensitizing under-carboxylated osteocalcin (195% increase; p < .05). However, following high-fat-diet challenge, osteoblast-specific KO mice showed impaired glucose and insulin tolerance compared with fl/fl mice. These data highlight a crucial local role for osteoblast NPP1 in skeletal development and a secondary metabolic impact that predominantly maintains insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona L. Roberts
- Functional Genetics and Development, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Nabil A. Rashdan
- Functional Genetics and Development, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Kanchan Phadwal
- Functional Genetics and Development, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Greg R. Markby
- Functional Genetics and Development, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Scott Dillon
- Functional Genetics and Development, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Janna Zoll
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Julian Berger
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elspeth Milne
- Functional Genetics and Development, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Isabel R. Orriss
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Olivier Le Saux
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Nicholas M. Morton
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin Farquharson
- Functional Genetics and Development, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Vicky E. MacRae
- Functional Genetics and Development, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
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13
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Ullah S, El-Gamal MI, El-Gamal R, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Shehata MK, Anbar HS, Iqbal J. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking studies of novel pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives as both ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase inhibitors and antiproliferative agents. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 217:113339. [PMID: 33744686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatases/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) together with nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) and alkaline phosphatases (APs) are nucleotidases located at the surface of the cells. NPP1 and NPP3 are important members of NPP family that are known as druggable targets for a number of disorders such as impaired calcification, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Sulfonylurea derivatives have been reported as antidiabetic and anticancer agents, therefore, we synthesized and investigated series of sulfonylurea derivatives 1a-m possessing pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine core as inhibitors of NPP1 and NPP3 isozymes that are over-expressed in cancer and diabetes. The enzymatic evaluation highlighted compound 1a as selective NPP1 inhibitor, however, 1c was observed as the most potent inhibitor of NPP1 with an IC50 value of 0.80 ± 0.04 μM. Compound 1l was found to be the most potent and moderately selective inhibitor of NPP3 (IC50 = 0.55 ± 0.01 μM). Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity assays of compounds 1a-m against MCF-7 and HT-29 cancer cell lines exhibited compound 1c (IC50 = 4.70 ± 0.67 μM), and 1h (IC50 = 1.58 ± 0.20 μM) as the most cytotoxic compounds against MCF-7 and HT-29 cancer cell lines, respectively. Both of the investigated compounds showed high degree of selectivity towards cancer cells than normal cells (WI-38). Molecular docking studies of selective and potent enzyme inhibitors revealed promising mode of interactions with important binding sites residues of both isozymes i.e., Thr256, His380, Lys255, Asn277 residues of NPP1 and His329, Thr205, and Leu239 residues of NPP3. In addition, the most potent antiproliferative agent, compound 1h, doesn't produce hypoglycemia as a side effect when injected to mice. This is an additional merit of the promising compound 1h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ullah
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed I El-Gamal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Randa El-Gamal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mahmoud K Shehata
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hanan S Anbar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai, 19099, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
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Kanwal A, Ullah S, Ahmad M, Pelletier J, Aslam S, Sultan S, Sévigny J, Iqbal M, Iqbal J. Synthesis and Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase Inhibition Studies of Carbohydrazides Based on Benzimidazole‐Benzothiazine Skeleton. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Kanwal
- Department of Chemistry Government College University Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Saif Ullah
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
| | - Matloob Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry Government College University Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec- Université Laval Québec, QC G1 V 4G2 Canada
| | - Sana Aslam
- Department of Chemistry Government College Women University Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Sadia Sultan
- Faculty of Pharmacy Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns) Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec- Université Laval Québec, QC G1 V 4G2 Canada
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine Université Laval Québec, QC G1 V 0 A6 Canada
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
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15
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Cave EM, Prigge KL, Crowther NJ, George JA, Padoa CJ. A Polymorphism in the Gene Encoding the Insulin Receptor Binding Protein ENPP-1 Is Associated with Decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate in an Under-Investigated Indigenous African Population. Kidney Blood Press Res 2020; 45:1009-1017. [PMID: 33271541 DOI: 10.1159/000511213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The C allele of the ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP-1) rs1044498 polymorphism has previously been associated with increased binding of ENPP-1 to the insulin receptor (IR), resulting in decreased IR signalling and enhanced insulin resistance. It has also been associated with reduced kidney function in participants with diabetes of predominantly European and Asian descent. The association of this polymorphism with kidney disease in healthy Black South African participants has yet to be ascertained. OBJECTIVE This study, therefore, aimed to determine whether the K121Q polymorphism is associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in a Black South African cohort. METHODS Black South African participants (n = 348) from an existing cohort with known eGFR levels were genotyped for the K121Q polymorphism using PCR-RFLP and assessed for any statistical association between genotype and kidney function. RESULTS Individuals with the A allele had significantly lower eGFR levels than individuals with the CC genotype (86.52 ± 18.95 vs. 93.29 ± 23.55 mL/min; p = 0.022). The association of the A allele with lower eGFR levels remained after controlling for sex, blood pressure, insulin resistance, age, smoking, thyroid-stimulating hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, and BMI (R2 = 0.030, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The rs1044498 A allele was significantly associated with lower eGFR levels in a cohort of apparently healthy Black South Africans, through an unknown mechanism that was independent of insulin resistance. It is possible that the rs1044498 polymorphism affects kidney function by altering the role of ENPP-1 in endothelial wound healing, podocyte signalling, or oxidative stress. Thus, the presence of this polymorphism may predispose individuals to a greater risk of CKD even in the absence of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M Cave
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa,
| | - Katherine L Prigge
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Service University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nigel J Crowther
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Service University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jaya A George
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Service University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Carolyn J Padoa
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Service University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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16
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Ahmad H, Ullah S, Rahman F, Saeed A, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Hassan A, Iqbal J. Synthesis of biphenyl oxazole derivatives via Suzuki coupling and biological evaluations as nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 and -3 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112759. [PMID: 32883636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxazole derivatives are important medicinal compounds which are inhibitors of various enzymes such as NPP1, NPP2, NPP3, tyrosine kinase, dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, cyclooxygenase-2, and protein tyrosine phosphatase. In this study, an extensive range of new biologically active biphenyl oxazole derivatives was synthesized in high to excellent yields (57-93%) through Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of bromophenyloxazole with different boronic acids. The reaction was carried out in wet toluene under mild conditions. Overexpression of nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (NPP1) and NPP3 has been associated with various health disorders including chondrocalcinosis, cancer, osteoarthritis, and type 2 diabetes. We evaluated the inhibitory potential and selectivity of the synthesized compounds (3a-3q) towards NPP1 and NPP3 at 100 μM concentrations. We found two compounds that were selective and potent inhibitors of these two enzymes on the artificial substrate thymidine 5'-monophosphate para-nitrophenyl ester: compound 3n inhibited NPP1 with an IC50 of 0.15 μM, and compound 3f inhibited NPP3 with an IC50 value of 0.17 μM. The compounds with promising inhibitory potential were docked inside the proteins of NPP1 and NPP3 isozymes to get insight into the plausible binding interactions with active site residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseen Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saif Ullah
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Fouzia Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche Du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche Du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Microbiologie-infectiologie et D'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Abbas Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
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17
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Conversion of extracellular ATP into adenosine: a master switch in renal health and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16:509-524. [PMID: 32641760 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-0304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ATP and its ultimate degradation product adenosine are potent extracellular signalling molecules that elicit a variety of pathophysiological functions in the kidney through the activation of P2 and P1 purinergic receptors, respectively. Extracellular purines can modulate immune responses, balancing inflammatory processes and immunosuppression; indeed, alterations in extracellular nucleotide and adenosine signalling determine outcomes of inflammation and healing processes. The functional activities of ectonucleotidases such as CD39 and CD73, which hydrolyse pro-inflammatory ATP to generate immunosuppressive adenosine, are therefore pivotal in acute inflammation. Protracted inflammation may result in aberrant adenosinergic signalling, which serves to sustain inflammasome activation and worsen fibrotic reactions. Alterations in the expression of ectonucleotidases on various immune cells, such as regulatory T cells and macrophages, as well as components of the renal vasculature, control purinergic receptor-mediated effects on target tissues within the kidney. The role of CD39 as a rheostat that can have an impact on purinergic signalling in both acute and chronic inflammation is increasingly supported by the literature, as detailed in this Review. Better understanding of these purinergic processes and development of novel drugs targeting these pathways could lead to effective therapies for the management of acute and chronic kidney disease.
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18
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Synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking studies of new pyrazole-based thiourea and sulfonamide derivatives as inhibitors of nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Onyedibe KI, Wang M, Sintim HO. ENPP1, an Old Enzyme with New Functions, and Small Molecule Inhibitors-A STING in the Tale of ENPP1. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224192. [PMID: 31752288 PMCID: PMC6891441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase I (ENPP1) was identified several decades ago as a type II transmembrane glycoprotein with nucleotide pyrophosphatase and phosphodiesterase enzymatic activities, critical for purinergic signaling. Recently, ENPP1 has emerged as a critical phosphodiesterase that degrades the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) ligand, cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP). cGAMP or analogs thereof have emerged as potent immunostimulatory agents, which have potential applications in immunotherapy. This emerging role of ENPP1 has placed this "old" enzyme at the frontier of immunotherapy. This review highlights the roles played by ENPP1, the mechanism of cGAMP hydrolysis by ENPP1, and small molecule inhibitors of ENPP1 with potential applications in diverse disease states, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth I. Onyedibe
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (K.I.O.); (M.W.)
- Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Modi Wang
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (K.I.O.); (M.W.)
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (K.I.O.); (M.W.)
- Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(765)-496-6078; Fax: +1-(765)-494-0239
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20
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ENPP1 in the Regulation of Mineralization and Beyond. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 44:616-628. [PMID: 30799235 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ENPP1 is well known for its role in regulating skeletal and soft tissue mineralization. It primarily exerts its function through the generation of pyrophosphate, a key inhibitor of hydroxyapatite formation. Several previous studies have suggested that ENPP1 also contributes to a range of human diseases including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and osteoarthritis. In this review, we summarize the pathological roles of ENPP1 in mineralization and these soft tissue disorders. We also discuss the underlying mechanisms through which ENPP1 exerts its pathological effects. A fuller understanding of the pathways through which ENPP1 acts may help to develop novel therapeutic strategies for these commonly diagnosed morbidities.
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21
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K121Q variant in ENPP1 gene is associated with T2DM in the Egyptian population. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-018-0609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
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22
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Ataman AV, Harbuzova VY, Obukhova OA, Dubovyk YI. Analysis of Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 1 Gene K121Q Polymorphism Association with Some Risk Factors of Atherosclerosis in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. CYTOL GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452718020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Belisário AR, Silva CM, Velloso-Rodrigues C, Viana MB. Genetic, laboratory and clinical risk factors in the development of overt ischemic stroke in children with sickle cell disease. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2018; 40:166-181. [PMID: 30057991 PMCID: PMC6003005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjhh.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease, particularly stroke, is one of the most severe clinical complications associated with sickle cell disease and is a significant cause of morbidity in both children and adults. Over the past two decades, considerable advances have been made in the understanding of its natural history and enabled early identification and treatment of children at the highest risk. Transcranial Doppler screening and regular blood transfusions have markedly reduced the risk of stroke in children. However, transcranial Doppler has a limited positive predictive value and the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular disease is not completely understood. In this review, we will focus on the current state of knowledge about risk factors associated with ischemic stroke in patients with sickle cell disease. A search of PubMed was performed to identify studies. Full texts of the included articles were reviewed and data were summarized in a table. The coinheritance of alpha-thalassemia plays a protective role against ischemic stroke. The influence of other genetic risk factors is controversial, still preliminary, and requires confirmatory studies. Recent advances have established the reticulocyte count as the most important laboratory risk factor. Clinical features associated with acute hypoxemia as well as silent infarcts seem to influence the development of strokes in children. However, transcranial Doppler remains the only available clinical prognostic tool to have been validated. If our understanding of the many risk factors associated with stroke advances further, it may be possible to develop useful tools to detect patients at the highest risk early, improving the selection of children requiring intensification therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Rolim Belisário
- Centro de Tecidos Biológicos de Minas Gerais, Fundação Hemominas, Lagoa Santa, MG, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Ma H, Wang P, Jin D, Jia T, Mao H, Zhang J, Zhao S. The hepatic ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 gene mRNA abundance is reduced by insulin and induced by dexamethasone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [PMID: 29513794 PMCID: PMC5856437 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hormones regulate hepatic gene expressions to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 has been thought to interfere with insulin signaling. To determine its potential role in the regulation of metabolism, we analyzed its gene (Enpp1) expression in the liver of rats experiencing fasting and refeeding cycles, and in primary rat hepatocytes and human hepatoma HepG2 cells treated with insulin and dexamethasone using northern blot and real-time PCR techniques. Hepatic Enpp1 expression was induced by fasting and reduced by refeeding in the rat liver. In primary rat hepatocytes and HepG2 hepatoma cells, insulin reduced Enpp1 mRNA abundance, whereas dexamethasone induced it. Dexamethasone disrupted the insulin-reduced Enpp1 expression in primary hepatocytes. This is in contrast to the responses of the expression of the cytosolic form of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene to the same hormones, where insulin reduced it significantly in the process. In addition, the dexamethasone-induced Enpp1 gene expression was attenuated in the presence of 8-Br-cAMP. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that hepatic Enpp1 is regulated in the cycle of fasting and refeeding, a process that might be attributed to insulin-reduced Enpp1 expression. This insulin-reduced Enpp1 expression might play a role in the development of complications in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Ma
- Yantai Center for Animal Disease Control, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Central Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Central Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiandi Zhang
- Yantai Zestern Biotechnique Co. Ltd., Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Shi Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Central Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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25
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Chourabi M, Liew MS, Lim S, H’mida-Ben Brahim D, Boussofara L, Dai L, Wong PM, Foo JN, Sriha B, Robinson KS, Denil S, Common JEA, Mamaï O, Ben Khalifa Y, Bollen M, Liu J, Denguezli M, Bonnard C, Saad A, Reversade B. ENPP1 Mutation Causes Recessive Cole Disease by Altering Melanogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:291-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mǎrginean CO, Mǎrginean C, Meliţ LE. New Insights Regarding Genetic Aspects of Childhood Obesity: A Minireview. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:271. [PMID: 30338250 PMCID: PMC6180186 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Childhood obesity is occurring at alarming rates in both developed and developing countries. "Obesogenic" environmental factors must be associated with variants of different risk alleles to determine polygenic or common obesity, and their impact depends on different developmental stages.The interaction between obesogenic environment and genetic susceptibility results in the so-called polygenic forms of obesity. In contrast, monogenic and syndromic obesity are not influenced by environmental events. Therefore, this review aimed to underline the roles of some of the most studied genes in the development of monogenic and polygenic obesity in children. Results: Among the most common obesity related genes, we chose the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene, leptin gene and its receptor, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), the melanocortin 4 receptor gene (MC4R), Ectoenzyme nucleotide pyrophosphate phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), and others, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) genes. The roles of these genes are complex and interdependent, being linked to different cornerstones in obesity development, such as appetite behavior, control of food intake and energy balance, insulin signaling, lipid and glucose metabolism, metabolic disorders, adipocyte differentiation, and so on. Conclusions: Genetic predisposition is mandatory, but not enough to trigger obesity.Dietary interventions and proper lifestyle changes can prevent obesity development in genetically predisposed children. Further studies are needed to identify the precise role of both genetic and obesogenic factors in the development of childhood obesity in order to design effective preventive methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Oana Mǎrginean
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Târgu Mureş, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Claudiu Mǎrginean
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Târgu Mureş, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Lorena Elena Meliţ
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Târgu Mureş, Târgu Mureş, Romania
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Chen L, Qin Y, Liang D, Liang X, Liang Y, Li L, Xian J, Zhang L, Tong L, Li H, Zhang H. Gender differences in the association of ENPP1 polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population. Gene 2017; 637:190-195. [PMID: 28951309 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) encodes the human plasma-cell membrane differentiation antigen-1, and ENPP1 variants have been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and insulin resistance. In this study, we investigated the involvement of ENPP1 polymorphisms in T2D. METHODS The association of the two polymorphisms of ENPP1 (rs7754586 and rs55725924) with T2D and diabetes-related quantitative traits was analyzed in Chinese samples containing 929 T2D patients and 1044 healthy individuals. We also performed the expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis to study the association of both polymorphisms of ENPP1 with mRNA expression levels using the genotype-tissue expression database. RESULTS The risk allele A of the polymorphism rs7754586 contributed to T2D (odds ratio: 1.252, 95% confidence interval: 1.044-1.615, P=0.018). The polymorphism rs55725924 was associated with the diastolic blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Patients carrying high-risk haplotype A-T of rs7754586 and rs55725924 exhibited a high risk of acquiring T2D. These associations were only observed in males, but not in females. In addition, the eQTL analysis demonstrated that the risk allele of rs7754586 was associated with higher levels of ENPP1 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the ENPP1 polymorphism rs7754586 may implicate in the pathogenesis of T2D in men, while polymorphism rs55725924 may be involved in diastolic blood pressure and cholesterol of male T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulin Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingfen Qin
- Department of Endocrine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyan Liang
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghuan Liang
- Department of Endocrine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaojie Liang
- Beihai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beihai 536000, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Endocrine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xian
- Department of Endocrine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Tong
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- School of General Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Department of International Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China.
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Dahlman I, Belarbi Y, Laurencikiene J, Pettersson AM, Arner P, Kulyté A. Comprehensive functional screening of miRNAs involved in fat cell insulin sensitivity among women. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 312:E482-E494. [PMID: 28270439 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00251.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The key pathological link between obesity and type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance, but the molecular mechanisms are not entirely identified. micro-RNAs (miRNA) are dysregulated in obesity and may contribute to insulin resistance. Our objective was to detect and functionally investigate miRNAs linked to insulin sensitivity in human subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT). Subjects were selected based on the insulin-stimulated lipogenesis response of subcutaneous adipocytes. Global miRNA profiling was performed in abdominal scWAT of 18 obese insulin-resistance (OIR), 21 obese insulin-sensitive (OIS), and 9 lean women. miRNAs demonstrating differential expression between OIR and OIS women were overexpressed in human in vitro-differentiated adipocytes followed by assessment of lipogenesis and identification of miRNA targets by measuring mRNA/protein expression and 3'-untranslated region analysis. Eleven miRNAs displayed differential expression between OIR and OIS states. Overexpression of miR-143-3p and miR-652-3p increased insulin-stimulated lipogenesis in human in vitro differentiated adipocytes and directly or indirectly affected several genes/proteins involved in insulin signaling at transcriptional or posttranscriptional levels. Adipose expression of miR-143-3p and miR-652-3p was positively associated with insulin-stimulated lipogenesis in scWAT independent of body mass index. In conclusion, miR-143-3p and miR-652-3p are linked to scWAT insulin resistance independent of obesity and influence insulin-stimulated lipogenesis by interacting at different steps with insulin-signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Dahlman
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yasmina Belarbi
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annie M Pettersson
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agné Kulyté
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sumi S, Ramachandran S, RamanKutty V, Patel MM, Anand TN, Mullasari AS, Kartha CC. ENPP1 121Q functional variant enhances susceptibility to coronary artery disease in South Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 435:67-72. [PMID: 28497367 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is associated with endothelial dysfunction and ensuing cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. ENPP1 is a key modulator of insulin signaling and its polymorphism, K121Q, increases the potency to competitively inhibit insulin receptor binding. We investigated the association of ENPP1 121Q variant with coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with and without T2DM in South Indian population. Our study was conducted in 913 subjects: 198 patients with CAD, 284 patients in whom T2DM and CAD co-exists, 160 patients with T2DM and no CAD history, and 271 healthy volunteers. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP and PCR-DNA sequencing. Genotype frequency of ENPP1 121Q was higher in disease groups compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.05). T2DM patients who carried polymorphic AC/CC genotypes were at 12.8-fold enhanced risk to CAD (95% CI 4.97-37.18, p < 0.01). Moreover we observed that 121Q, both in heterozygous and homozygous polymorphic states, was a risk factor for CAD without diabetes (OR 4.15, p < 0.01). 121Q variant was associated with T2DM patients with no CAD history too, but the risk was statistically insignificant after multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR 2.32, p > 0.05). We conclude that ENPP1 121Q variant is associated with increased risk for CAD in patients with T2DM in South Indian population. We also report that 121Q variant of ENPP1 was an independent risk factor for CAD irrespective of diabetic milieu. Factors which enhance insulin resistance increase the risk for onset and progression of coronary atherosclerosis irrespective of a diabetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sumi
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Surya Ramachandran
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - V RamanKutty
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Maulin M Patel
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - T N Anand
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - C C Kartha
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India.
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Lee SY, Müller CE. Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) and its inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:823-840. [PMID: 30108800 PMCID: PMC6072468 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00015d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1, EC 3.1.4.1) is a metalloenzyme that belongs to the NPP family, which comprises seven subtypes (NPP1-7). NPP1 hydrolyzes a wide range of phosphodiester bonds, e.g. in nucleoside triphosphates, (cyclic) dinucleotides, and nucleotide sugars yielding nucleoside 5'-monophosphates as products. Its main substrate is ATP which is cleaved to AMP and diphosphate. The enzyme is involved in various biological processes including bone mineralization, soft-tissue calcification, insulin receptor signalling, cancer cell proliferation and immune modulation. Therefore, NPP1 inhibitors have potential as novel drugs, e.g. for (immuno)oncology. In the last two decades several inhibitors of NPP1 derived from nucleotide- or non-nucleotide scaffolds have been developed. The most potent and selective NPP1-inhibitory substrate analog is adenosine 5'-α,β-methylene-γ-thiotriphosphate (Ki = 20 nM vs. p-Nph-5'-TMP, human membrane-bound NPP1). Non-nucleotide-derived NPP1 inhibitors comprise polysulfonates, polysaccharides, polyoxometalates and small heterocyclic compounds. The polyoxometalate [TiW11CoO40]8- (PSB-POM141) is the most potent and selective NPP1 inhibitor described to date (Ki = 1.46 nM vs. ATP, human soluble NPP1); it displays an allosteric mechanism of inhibition and represents a useful pharmacological tool for evaluating the potential of NPP1 as a novel drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Lee
- PharmaCenter Bonn , Pharmaceutical Institute , Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 228 73 2480
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn , Pharmaceutical Institute , Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 228 73 2480
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Lee SY, Sarkar S, Bhattarai S, Namasivayam V, De Jonghe S, Stephan H, Herdewijn P, El-Tayeb A, Müller CE. Substrate-Dependence of Competitive Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase1 (NPP1) Inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:54. [PMID: 28261095 PMCID: PMC5309242 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase type 1 (NPP1) is a membrane glycoprotein involved in the hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides. Its major substrate is ATP which is converted to AMP and diphosphate. NPP1 was proposed as a new therapeutic target in brain cancer and immuno-oncology. Several NPP1 inhibitors have been reported to date, most of which were evaluated vs. the artificial substrate p-nitrophenyl 5′-thymidine monophosphate (p-Nph-5′-TMP). Recently, we observed large discrepancies in inhibitory potencies for a class of competitive NPP1 inhibitors when tested vs. the artificial substrate p-Nph-5′-TMP as compared to the natural substrate ATP. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to investigate whether inhibitors of human NPP1 generally display substrate-dependent inhibitory potency. Systematic evaluation of nucleotidic as well as non-nucleotidic NPP1 inhibitors revealed significant differences in determined Ki values for competitive, but not for non- and un-competitive inhibitors when tested vs. the frequently used artificial substrate p-Nph-5′-TMP as compared to ATP. Allosteric modulation of NPP1 by p-Nph-5′-TMP may explain these discrepancies. Results obtained using the AMP derivative p-nitrophenyl 5′-adenosine monophosphate (p-Nph-5′-AMP) as an alternative artificial substrate correlated much better with those employing the natural substrate ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Lee
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany
| | - Soumya Sarkar
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany
| | - Sanjay Bhattarai
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research Leuven, Belgium
| | - Holger Stephan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Dresden, Germany
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ali El-Tayeb
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany
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Barbeau X, Mathieu P, Paquin JF, Lagüe P. Characterization of the structure, dynamics and allosteric pathways of human NPP1 in its free form and substrate-bound complex from molecular modeling. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:1058-1069. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00095b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we report 3D structure modeling and extensive molecular dynamics simulations of NPP1 complemented with a dynamical network analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Barbeau
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Université Laval
- Québec (Québec)
- Canada
| | | | - Jean-François Paquin
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Université Laval
- Québec (Québec)
- Canada
| | - Patrick Lagüe
- PROTEO
- The Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function
- Engineering
- and Applications
- Canada
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Namasivayam V, Lee SY, Müller CE. The promiscuous ectonucleotidase NPP1: molecular insights into substrate binding and hydrolysis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:603-614. [PMID: 28011303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Sang-Yong Lee
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Germany.
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Hsiao TJ, Lin E. The ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism is associated with type 2 diabetes and related metabolic phenotypes in a Taiwanese population. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 433:20-5. [PMID: 27238374 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been associated with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs1044498 (K121Q), in the ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) gene, but this association is unclear among Asians. In this replication study, we reassessed whether the ENPP1 rs1044498 SNP is associated with T2D, obesity, and T2D/obesity-related metabolic traits in a Taiwanese population. A total of 1513 Taiwanese subjects were assessed in this study. The ENPP1 rs1044498 SNP was genotyped by the Taqman assay. T2D/Obesity-related quantitative traits, such as waist circumference and fasting glucose, were measured. Our data showed a significant association of the ENPP1 rs1044498 SNP with T2D (P < 0.001) among the subjects. Moreover, the ENPP1 rs1044498 SNP was significantly associated with T2D/obesity-related metabolic traits, such as waist circumference (P = 0.002) and fasting glucose (P < 0.001), among the subjects. However, we found no association of ENPP1 rs1044498 with obesity (BMI ≧ 27 kg/m(2)). Our study indicates that the ENPP1 rs1044498 SNP is associated with T2D, waist circumference, and fasting glucose in Taiwanese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tun-Jen Hsiao
- College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Eugene Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Vita Genomics, Inc., Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; TickleFish Systems Corporation, Seattle, USA.
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35
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Impairment of synaptic development in the hippocampus of diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 53:58-67. [PMID: 27444810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor signaling has been shown to regulate essential aspects of CNS function such as synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival. To elucidate its roles during CNS development in vivo, we examined the synaptic and cognitive development of the spontaneously diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats in the present study. GK rats are non-obese models of type 2 diabetes established by selective inbreeding of Wistar rats based on impaired glucose tolerance. Though they start exhibiting only moderate hyperglycemia without changes in plasma insulin levels from 3 weeks postnatally, behavioral alterations in the open-field as well as significant impairments in memory retention compared with Wistar rats were observed at 10 weeks and were worsened at 20 weeks. Alterations in insulin receptor signaling and signs of insulin resistance were detected in the GK rat hippocampus at 3 weeks, as early as in other insulin-responsive peripheral tissues. Significant reduction of an excitatory postsynaptic scaffold protein, PSD95, was found at 5w and later in the hippocampus of GK rats due to the absence of a two-fold developmental increase of this protein observed in Wistar control rats between 3 and 20w. In the GK rat hippocampus, NR2A which is a NMDA receptor subunit selectively anchored to PSD95 was also reduced. In contrast, both NR2B and its anchoring protein, SAP102, showed similar developmental profiles in Wistar and GK rats with expression peaks at 2 and 3w. The results suggest that early alterations in insulin receptor signaling in the GK rat hippocampus may affect cognitive performance by suppressing synaptic maturation.
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Lee SY, Perotti A, De Jonghe S, Herdewijn P, Hanck T, Müller CE. Thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-3(2H)-one derivatives: Structure-activity relationships of selective nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase1 (NPP1) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3157-65. [PMID: 27265686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase1 (NPP1) is the most important member of the NPP family, which consists of seven closely related proteins (NPP1-NPP7). This glycoprotein is a membrane-associated or secreted enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of a wide range of phosphodiester bonds, e.g., in nucleoside triphosphates, dinucleotides and nucleotide sugars. NPP1 plays a crucial role in various physiological functions including bone mineralization, soft-tissue calcification, and insulin receptor signaling. Recently, an upregulated expression of NPP1 has been observed in astrocytic brain cancers. Therefore, NPP1 has been proposed as a novel drug target for the treatment of glioblastoma. Despite their therapeutic potential, only few NPP1 inhibitors have been reported to date, which are in most cases non- or only moderately selective. The best investigated NPP1 inhibitors so far are nucleotide derivatives and analogs, however they are not orally bioavailable due to their high polarity. We identified thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-3(2H)-one derivatives as a new class of NPP1 inhibitors with drug-like properties. Among the 25 derivatives investigated in the present study, 2-[(5-iodo-2-furanyl)methylene]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-3(2H)-one (17) was found to be the most potent NPP1 inhibitor with a Ki value of 467nM versus ATP as a substrate and an un-competitive mechanism of inhibition. Compound 17 did not inhibit other human ecto-nucleotidases, including NTPDase1 (CD39), NTPDases2-3, NPP2, NPP3, tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (eN, CD73), and is thus highly selective for NPP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Lee
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Arianna Perotti
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Theodor Hanck
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
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Li X, Jung JJ, Nie L, Razavian M, Zhang J, Samuel V, Sadeghi MM. The neuropilin-like protein ESDN regulates insulin signaling and sensitivity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1184-93. [PMID: 26921437 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00782.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Insulin effects on cell metabolism, growth, and survival are mediated by its binding to, and activation of, insulin receptor. With increasing prevalence of insulin resistance and diabetes there is considerable interest in identifying novel regulators of insulin signal transduction. The transmembrane protein endothelial and smooth muscle cell-derived neuropilin-like protein (ESDN) is a novel regulator of vascular remodeling and angiogenesis. Here, we investigate a potential role of ESDN in insulin signaling, demonstrating that Esdn gene deletion promotes insulin-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. This is associated with enhanced protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation as well as insulin receptor phosphorylation. Likewise, insulin signaling in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue is enhanced in Esdn(-/-) mice, and these animals exhibit improved insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in vivo. The effect of ESDN on insulin signaling is traced back to its interaction with insulin receptor, which alters the receptor interaction with regulatory adaptor protein-E3 ubiquitin ligase pairs, adaptor protein with pleckstrin homology and Src homology 2 domain-c-Cbl and growth factor receptor bound protein 10-neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4. In conclusion, our findings establish ESDN as an inhibitor of insulin receptor signal transduction through a novel regulatory mechanism. Loss of ESDN potentiates insulin's metabolic and mitotic effects and provides insights into a novel therapeutic avenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jae-Joon Jung
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lei Nie
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; and
| | - Mahmoud Razavian
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Varman Samuel
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mehran M Sadeghi
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut;
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Yako YY, Madubedube JH, Kengne AP, Erasmus RT, Pillay TS, Matsha TE. Contribution of ENPP1, TCF7L2, and FTO polymorphisms to type 2 diabetes in mixed ancestry ethnic population of South Africa. Afr Health Sci 2015; 15:1149-60. [PMID: 26958016 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v15i4.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factor 7-like 2 gene (TCF7L2), fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO), and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase gene (ENPP1) are known risk loci for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) mostly in European populations. OBJECTIVES To assess the association of these genes with T2DM risk in a South African mixed-ancestry population. METHODS Five hundred and sixty six participants were genotyped for ENPP1-rs997509 and -rs1044498, FTO-9941349 and -rs3751812, TCF7L2-rs12255372 and -rs7903146 polymorphisms using Taqman genotyping assays and validated by automated sequencing to assess the association of the polymorphisms with cardiometabolic traits. RESULTS In logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance, minor allele of rs997509 was associated with a higher risk of prevalent T2DM under a recessive model [odd ratio 4.60 (95% confidence interval: 1.07 to 19.86); p = 0.040].Under additive model, the rs7903146 [1.43 (1.00 to 2.04); p= 0.053] and rs9941349 [1.43 (1.00 to 2.04); p = 0.052] minor alleles showed marginally significant associations with a high risk of T2DM. However, only the rs7903146 alleles (p=0.011) and genotypes (p=0.025) distributions were statistically significantly different between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that ENPP1, TCF7L2, and FTO may predispose to T2DM in the mixed-ancestry population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandiswa Y Yako
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Jabulisile H Madubedube
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre P Kengne
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rajiv T Erasmus
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) and University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tahir S Pillay
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Molecular Endocrinology, University of Pretoria
| | - Tandi E Matsha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
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Association between ENPP1 K173Q and stroke in a newborn cohort of 395 Brazilian children with sickle cell anemia. Blood 2015; 126:1259-60. [PMID: 26337355 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-05-645176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Burch TC, Morris MA, Campbell-Thompson M, Pugliese A, Nadler JL, Nyalwidhe JO. Proteomic Analysis of Disease Stratified Human Pancreas Tissue Indicates Unique Signature of Type 1 Diabetes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135663. [PMID: 26302420 PMCID: PMC4547762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with functional beta cell loss due to ongoing inflammation. Despite shared similarities, T1D is an autoimmune disease with evidence of autoantibody production, as well as a role for exocrine pancreas involvement. Our hypothesis is that differential protein expression occurs in disease stratified pancreas tissues and regulated proteins from endocrine and exocrine tissues are potential markers of disease and potential therapeutic targets. The study objective was to identify novel proteins that distinguish the pancreas from donors with T1D from the pancreas from patients with T2D, or autoantibody positive non-diabetic donors. Detailed quantitative comprehensive proteomic analysis was applied to snap frozen human pancreatic tissue lysates from organ donors without diabetes, with T1D-associated autoantibodies in the absence of diabetes, with T1D, or with T2D. These disease-stratified human pancreas tissues contain exocrine and endocrine tissues (with dysfunctional islets) in the same microenvironment. The expression profiles of several of the proteins were further verified by western blot. We identified protein panels that are significantly and uniquely upregulated in the three disease-stratified pancreas tissues compared to non-disease control tissues. These proteins are involved in inflammation, metabolic regulation, and autoimmunity, all of which are pathways linked to, and likely involved in, T1 and T2 diabetes pathogenesis. Several new proteins were differentially upregulated in prediabetic, T1D, and T2D pancreas. The results identify proteins that could serve as novel prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic tools to preserve functional islet mass in Type 1 Diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya C. Burch
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Margaret A. Morris
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
- Strelitz Diabetes Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Martha Campbell-Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Alberto Pugliese
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Jerry L. Nadler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
- Strelitz Diabetes Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JLN); (JON)
| | - Julius O. Nyalwidhe
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JLN); (JON)
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Todd JN, Poon W, Lyssenko V, Groop L, Nichols B, Wilmot M, Robson S, Enjyoji K, Herman MA, Hu C, Zhang R, Jia W, Ma R, Florez JC, Friedman DJ. Variation in glucose homeostasis traits associated with P2RX7 polymorphisms in mice and humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:E688-96. [PMID: 25719930 PMCID: PMC4422893 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-4160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Extracellular nucleotide receptors are expressed in pancreatic B-cells. Purinergic signaling via these receptors may regulate pancreatic B-cell function. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that purinergic signaling might influence glucose regulation and sought evidence in human studies of glycemic variation and a mouse model of purinergic signaling dysfunction. DESIGN In humans, we mined genome-wide meta-analysis data sets to examine purinergic signaling genes for association with glycemic traits and type 2 diabetes. We performed additional testing in two genomic regions (P2RX4/P2RX7 and P2RY1) in a cohort from the Prevalence, Prediction, and Prevention of Diabetes in Botnia (n = 3504), which includes more refined measures of glucose homeostasis. In mice, we generated a congenic model of purinergic signaling dysfunction by crossing the naturally hypomorphic C57BL6 P2rx7 allele onto the 129SvJ background. RESULTS Variants in five genes were associated with glycemic traits and in three genes with diabetes risk. In the Prevalence, Prediction, and Prevention of Diabetes in Botnia study, the minor allele in the missense functional variant rs1718119 (A348T) in P2RX7 was associated with increased insulin sensitivity and secretion, consistent with its known effect on increased pore function. Both male and female P2x7-C57 mice demonstrated impaired glucose tolerance compared with matched P2x7-129 mice. Insulin tolerance testing showed that P2x7-C57 mice were also less responsive to insulin than P2x7-129 mice. CONCLUSIONS We show association of the purinergic signaling pathway in general and hypofunctioning P2X7 variants in particular with impaired glucose homeostasis in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Todd
- Division of Endocrinology (J.N.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, and Departments of Pediatrics (J.N.T.) and Medicine (S.R., K.E., M.A.H., J.C.F., D.J.F.), Harvard Medical School, and Department of Medicine (B.N., M.W., S.R., K.E., M.A.H., D.J.F.) and Center for Vascular Biology Research (B.N., M.W., D.J.F.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Center for Human Genetic Research (J.N.T., J.C.F.), and Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit) (J.C.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (J.C.F.), Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142; Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes, and Endocrinology (W.P., V.L., L.G.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE 205 02 Malmö, Sweden; Department of Translational Pathophysiology (V.L.), Steno Diabetes Center A/S, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM (L.G.), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital (C.H., R.Z., W.J.), Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China; and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (R.M.), Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
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A unified model for bone-renal mineral and energy metabolism. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 22:64-71. [PMID: 25880364 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The beginning of the millennium saw the discovery of a new bone-matrix protein, Matrix Extracellular PhosphoglycoprotEin (MEPE) and an associated C-terminal motif called ASARM. This motif and other distinguishing features occur in a group of proteins called SIBLINGs. These proteins include dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), osteopontin, dentin-sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), statherin, bone sialoprotein (BSP) and MEPE. MEPE, DMP1 and ASARM-motifs regulate expression of a phosphate regulating cytokine FGF23. Further, a trimeric interaction between phosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog X-linked (PHEX), DMP1, and α5β3-integrin that occurs on the plasma-membrane of the osteocyte mediates FGF23 regulation (FAP pathway). ASARM-peptides competitively inhibit the trimeric complex and increase FGF23. A second pathway involves specialized structures, matrix vesicles pathway (MVP). This review will discuss the FAP and MVP pathways and present a unified model for mineral and energy metabolism.
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Abstract
Recent developments in endocrinology, made possible by the combination of mouse genetics, integrative physiology and clinical observations have resulted in rapid and unanticipated advances in the field of skeletal biology. Indeed, the skeleton, classically viewed as a structural scaffold necessary for mobility, and regulator of calcium-phosphorus homoeostasis and maintenance of the haematopoietic niche has now been identified as an important regulator of male fertility and whole-body glucose metabolism, in addition to the classical insulin target tissues. These seminal findings confirm bone to be a true endocrine organ. This review is intended to detail the key events commencing from the elucidation of osteocalcin (OC) in bone metabolism to identification of new and emerging candidates that may regulate energy metabolism independently of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Oldknow
- Developmental BiologyThe Roslin Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - V E MacRae
- Developmental BiologyThe Roslin Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Farquharson
- Developmental BiologyThe Roslin Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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Chang L, Lee SY, Leonczak P, Rozenski J, De Jonghe S, Hanck T, Müller CE, Herdewijn P. Imidazopyridine- and purine-thioacetamide derivatives: potent inhibitors of nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1). J Med Chem 2014; 57:10080-100. [PMID: 25372276 DOI: 10.1021/jm501434y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) belongs to the family of ecto-nucleotidases, which control extracellular nucleotide, nucleoside, and (di)phosphate levels. To study the (patho)physiological roles of NPP1 potent and selective inhibitors with drug-like properties are required. Therefore, a compound library was screened for NPP1 inhibitors using a colorimetric assay with p-nitrophenyl 5'-thymidine monophosphate (p-Nph-5'-TMP) as an artificial substrate. This led to the discovery of 2-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ylthio)-N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acetamide (5a) as a hit compound with a Ki value of 217 nM. Subsequent structure-activity relationship studies led to the development of purine and imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine analogues with high inhibitory potency (Ki values of 5.00 nM and 29.6 nM, respectively) when assayed with p-Nph-5'-TMP as a substrate. Surprisingly, the compounds were significantly less potent when tested versus ATP as a substrate, with Ki values in the low micromolar range. A prototypic inhibitor was investigated for its mechanism of inhibition and found to be competitive versus both substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chang
- Interface Valorisation Platform, KU Leuven , Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Huesa C, Zhu D, Glover JD, Ferron M, Karsenty G, Milne EM, Millan JL, Ahmed SF, Farquharson C, Morton NM, MacRae VE. Deficiency of the bone mineralization inhibitor NPP1 protects mice against obesity and diabetes. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:1341-50. [PMID: 25368121 PMCID: PMC4257003 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.017905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of bone as an endocrine regulator has prompted a re-evaluation of the role of bone mineralization factors in the development of metabolic disease. Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (NPP1) controls bone mineralization through the generation of pyrophosphate, and levels of NPP1 are elevated both in dermal fibroblast cultures and muscle of individuals with insulin resistance. We investigated the metabolic phenotype associated with impaired bone metabolism in mice lacking the gene that encodes NPP1 (Enpp1−/− mice). Enpp1−/− mice exhibited mildly improved glucose homeostasis on a normal diet but showed a pronounced resistance to obesity and insulin resistance in response to chronic high-fat feeding. Enpp1−/− mice had increased levels of the insulin-sensitizing bone-derived hormone osteocalcin but unchanged insulin signalling within osteoblasts. A fuller understanding of the pathways of NPP1 could inform the development of novel therapeutic strategies for treating insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Huesa
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Dongxing Zhu
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - James D Glover
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Mathieu Ferron
- Integrative and Molecular Physiology Research Unit Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110 Avenue des Pins Ouest - Laboratory 2750, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elspeth M Milne
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - José Luis Millan
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - S Faisal Ahmed
- Developmental Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Colin Farquharson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Nicholas M Morton
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Vicky E MacRae
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
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Catalano KJ, Maddux BA, Szary J, Youngren JF, Goldfine ID, Schaufele F. Insulin resistance induced by hyperinsulinemia coincides with a persistent alteration at the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase domain. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108693. [PMID: 25259572 PMCID: PMC4178179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance, the diminished response of target tissues to insulin, is associated with the metabolic syndrome and a predisposition towards diabetes in a growing proportion of the worldwide population. Under insulin resistant states, the cellular response of the insulin signaling pathway is diminished and the body typically responds by increasing serum insulin concentrations to maintain insulin signaling. Some evidence indicates that the increased insulin concentration may itself further dampen insulin response. If so, insulin resistance would worsen as the level of circulating insulin increases during compensation, which could contribute to the transition of insulin resistance to more severe disease. Here, we investigated the consequences of excess insulin exposure to insulin receptor (IR) activity. Cells chronically exposed to insulin show a diminished the level of IR tyrosine and serine autophosphorylation below that observed after short-term insulin exposure. The diminished IR response did not originate with IR internalization since IR amounts at the cell membrane were similar after short- and long-term insulin incubation. Förster resonance energy transfer between fluorophores attached to the IR tyrosine kinase (TK) domain showed that a change in the TK domain occurred upon prolonged, but not short-term, insulin exposure. Even though the altered ‘insulin refractory’ IR TK FRET and IR autophosphorylation levels returned to baseline (non-stimulated) levels after wash-out of the original insulin stimulus, subsequent short-term exposure to insulin caused immediate re-establishment of the insulin-refractory levels. This suggests that some cell-based ‘memory’ of chronic hyperinsulinemic exposure acts directly at the IR. An improved understanding of that memory may help define interventions to reset the IR to full insulin responsiveness and impede the progression of insulin resistance to more severe disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn J. Catalano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Betty A. Maddux
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jaroslaw Szary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jack F. Youngren
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ira D. Goldfine
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Fred Schaufele
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Prakash J, Mittal B, Awasthi S, Agarwal CG, Srivastava N. K121Q ENPP1/PC-1 gene polymorphism is associated with insulin resistance in a North Indian population. J Genet 2014; 92:571-6. [PMID: 24371178 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-013-0287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jai Prakash
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226 003, India.
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Zelenchuk LV, Hedge AM, Rowe PSN. PHEX mimetic (SPR4-peptide) corrects and improves HYP and wild type mice energy-metabolism. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97326. [PMID: 24839967 PMCID: PMC4026222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT PHEX or DMP1 mutations cause hypophosphatemic-rickets and altered energy metabolism. PHEX binds to DMP1-ASARM-motif to form a complex with α5β3 integrin that suppresses FGF23 expression. ASARM-peptides increase FGF23 by disrupting the PHEX-DMP1-Integrin complex. We used a 4.2 kDa peptide (SPR4) that binds to ASARM-peptide/motif to study the DMP1-PHEX interaction and to assess SPR4 for the treatment of energy metabolism defects in HYP and potentially other bone-mineral disorders. DESIGN Subcutaneously transplanted osmotic pumps were used to infuse SPR4-peptide or vehicle (VE) into wild-type mice (WT) and HYP-mice (PHEX mutation) for 4 weeks. RESULTS SPR4 partially corrected HYP mice hypophosphatemia and increased serum 1.25(OH)2D3. Serum FGF23 remained high and PTH was unaffected. WT-SPR4 mice developed hypophosphatemia and hypercalcemia with increased PTH, FGF23 and 1.25(OH)2D3. SPR4 increased GAPDH HYP-bone expression 60× and corrected HYP-mice hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia. HYP-VE serum uric-acid (UA) levels were reduced and SPR4 infusion suppressed UA levels in WT-mice but not HYP-mice. SPR4 altered leptin, adiponectin, and sympathetic-tone and increased the fat mass/weight ratio for HYP and WT mice. Expression of perlipin-2 a gene involved in obesity was reduced in HYP-VE and WT-SPR4 mice but increased in HYP-SPR4 mice. Also, increased expression of two genes that inhibit insulin-signaling, ENPP1 and ESP, occurred with HYP-VE mice. In contrast, SPR4 reduced expression of both ENPP1 and ESP in WT mice and suppressed ENPP1 in HYP mice. Increased expression of FAM20C and sclerostin occurred with HYP-VE mice. SPR4 suppressed expression of FAM20C and sclerostin in HYP and WT mice. CONCLUSIONS ASARM peptides and motifs are physiological substrates for PHEX and modulate osteocyte PHEX-DMP1-α5β3-integrin interactions and thereby FGF23 expression. These interactions also provide a nexus that regulates bone and energy metabolism. SPR4 suppression of sclerostin and/or sequestration of ASARM-peptides improves energy metabolism and may have utility for treating familial rickets, osteoporosis, obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesya V. Zelenchuk
- Internal Medicine, The Kidney Institute, Kansas University Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Anne-Marie Hedge
- Internal Medicine, The Kidney Institute, Kansas University Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Peter S. N. Rowe
- Internal Medicine, The Kidney Institute, Kansas University Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
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Vascular calcification is dependent on plasma levels of pyrophosphate. Kidney Int 2014; 85:1351-6. [PMID: 24717293 PMCID: PMC4308968 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasma levels of pyrophosphate, an endogenous inhibitor of vascular calcification, are reduced in end-stage renal disease and correlate inversely with arterial calcification. However, it is not known whether the low plasma levels are directly pathogenic or are merely a marker of reduced tissue levels. This was tested in an animal model in which aortas were transplanted between normal mice and Enpp1−/− mice lacking ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase, the enzyme that releases extracellular pyrophosphate. Enpp1−/− mice had very low plasma pyrophosphate and developed aortic calcification by 2 months that was greatly accelerated with a high-phosphate diet. Aortas of Enpp1−/− mice showed no further calcification after transplantation into wild type mice fed a high phosphate diet. Aorta allografts of wild type mice calcified in Enpp1−/− mice but less so than the adjacent recipient Enpp1−/− aorta. Donor and recipient aortic calcium contents did not differ in transplants between wild type and Enpp1−/− mice, demonstrating that transplantation per se did not affect calcification. Histology revealed medial calcification with no signs of rejection. Thus, normal levels of extracellular pyrophosphate are sufficient to prevent vascular calcification and systemic Enpp1 deficiency is sufficient to produce vascular calcification despite normal vascular extracellular pyrophosphate production. This establishes an important role for circulating extracellular pyrophosphate in preventing vascular calcification.
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50
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Loeken MR. Intersection of complex genetic traits affecting maternal metabolism, fetal metabolism, and neural tube defect risk: looking for needles in multiple haystacks. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 111:415-7. [PMID: 24503137 PMCID: PMC3982189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Loeken
- Section on Islet and Regenerative Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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