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Lu G, Li J, Gao T, Liu Q, Chen O, Zhang X, Xiao M, Guo Y, Wang J, Tang Y, Gu J. Integration of dietary nutrition and TRIB3 action into diabetes mellitus. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:361-373. [PMID: 37226405 PMCID: PMC10859691 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive studies for decades, the common mechanistic correlations among the underlying pathology of diabetes mellitus (DM), its complications, and effective clinical treatments remain poorly characterized. High-quality diets and nutrition therapy have played an indispensable role in the management of DM. More importantly, tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3), a nutrient-sensing and glucose-responsive regulator, might be an important stress-regulatory switch, linking glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Therefore, this review aimed to introduce the latest research progress on the crosstalk between dietary nutrition intervention and TRIB3 in the development and treatment of DM. This study also summarized the possible mechanisms involved in the signaling pathways of TRIB3 action in DM, in order to gain an in-depth understanding of dietary nutrition intervention and TRIB3 in the pathogenesis of DM at the organism level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Lu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiahao Li
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Gao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingbo Liu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ou Chen
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengjie Xiao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanfang Guo
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yufeng Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Junlian Gu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Fang Y, Zhang J, Ji L, Zhu C, Xiao Y, Gao Q, Song W, Wei L. GLP1R rs3765467 Polymorphism Is Associated with the Risk of Early Onset Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Endocrinol 2023; 2023:8729242. [PMID: 38131033 PMCID: PMC10735718 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8729242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to early onset type 2 diabetes. Methods Samples from 316 type 2 diabetes patients with early onset type 2 diabetes (n = 137) and late-onset type 2 diabetes (n = 179) and 145 nondiabetic individuals were analyzed. Multiplex PCR combined with resequencing Hi-Reseq technology was used to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor gene, and the allele frequency, genotype distribution, and clinical parameters were analyzed between each diabetes subgroup and the control group. Results Sixteen single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in the exonic region of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor gene according to the minor allele frequency (MAF > 0.05) in the participants. Among these, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor rs3765467 (G⟶A) mutation was statistically associated with early onset type 2 diabetes. Compared with that of the GG carriers, carriers of genotype AA at rs3765467 had a decreased risk of early onset type 2 diabetes after adjusting for sex and body mass index. In the dominant model, the frequencies of the rs3765467 AA + GA genotype were significantly decreased in the early onset type 2 diabetes group, and carriers of genotype AA + GA at rs3765467 had a decreased risk of early onset type 2 diabetes after adjusting for sex and body mass index. Moreover, fasting C peptide levels were significantly higher in GA + AA genotype carriers than those in GG genotype carriers. Conclusion The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor rs3765467 polymorphism was significantly associated with age at type 2 diabetes diagnosis and thus may be used as a marker to screen and detect individuals at risk of developing early onset type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hucheng Huan Road, Lingang New City, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Linlin Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chaoyu Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qingge Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wenjing Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
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Valvi D, Christiani DC, Coull B, Højlund K, Nielsen F, Audouze K, Su L, Weihe P, Grandjean P. Gene-environment interactions in the associations of PFAS exposure with insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in a Faroese cohort followed from birth to adulthood. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 226:115600. [PMID: 36868448 PMCID: PMC10101920 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been associated with changes in insulin sensitivity and pancreatic beta-cell function in humans. Genetic predisposition to diabetes may modify these associations; however, this hypothesis has not been yet studied. OBJECTIVES To evaluate genetic heterogeneity as a modifier in the PFAS association with insulin sensitivity and pancreatic beta-cell function, using a targeted gene-environment (GxE) approach. METHODS We studied 85 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with type 2 diabetes, in 665 Faroese adults born in 1986-1987. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were measured in cord whole blood at birth and in participants' serum from age 28 years. We calculated the Matsuda-insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and the insulinogenic index (IGI) based on a 2 h-oral glucose tolerance test performed at age 28. Effect modification was evaluated in linear regression models adjusted for cross-product terms (PFAS*SNP) and important covariates. RESULTS Prenatal and adult PFOS exposures were significantly associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and increased beta-cell function. PFOA associations were in the same direction but attenuated compared to PFOS. A total of 58 SNPs were associated with at least one PFAS exposure variable and/or Matsuda-ISI or IGI in the Faroese population and were subsequently tested as modifiers in the PFAS-clinical outcome associations. Eighteen SNPs showed interaction p-values (PGxE) < 0.05 in at least one PFAS-clinical outcome association, five of which passed False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction (PGxE-FDR<0.20). SNPs for which we found stronger evidence for GxE interactions included ABCA1 rs3890182, FTO rs9939609, FTO rs3751812, PPARG rs170036314 and SLC12A3 rs2289116 and were more clearly shown to modify the PFAS associations with insulin sensitivity, rather than with beta-cell function. DISCUSSION Findings from this study suggest that PFAS-associated changes in insulin sensitivity could vary between individuals as a result of genetic predisposition and warrant replication in independent larger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brent Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Department of Public Health, Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Li Su
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pal Weihe
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands; Centre of Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Public Health, Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Popovic R, Yu Y, Leal NS, Fedele G, Loh SHY, Martins LM. Upregulation of Tribbles decreases body weight and increases sleep duration. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049942. [PMID: 37083954 PMCID: PMC10151826 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic Tribbles proteins are pseudoenzymes that regulate multiple aspects of intracellular signalling. Both Drosophila melanogaster and mammalian members of this family of pseudokinases act as negative regulators of insulin signalling. Mammalian tribbles pseudokinase (TRIB) genes have also been linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with increased body weight, sleep problems and increased long-term mortality. Here, we investigated how manipulating the expression of Tribbles impacts body weight, sleep and mortality. We showed that the overexpression of Drosophila tribbles (trbl) in the fly fat body reduces both body weight and lifespan in adult flies without affecting food intake. Furthermore, it decreases the levels of Drosophila insulin-like peptide 2 (DILP2; ILP2) and increases night-time sleep. The three genes encoding TRIBs of mammals, TRIB1, TRIB2 and TRIB3, show both common and unique features. As the three human TRIB genes share features with Drosophila trbl, we further explored the links between TRIB genetic variants and both body weight and sleep in the human population. We identified associations between the polymorphisms and expression levels of the pseudokinases and markers of body weight and sleep duration. We conclude that Tribbles pseudokinases are involved in the control of body weight, lifespan and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Popovic
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Yizhou Yu
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Nuno Santos Leal
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Giorgio Fedele
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Samantha H. Y. Loh
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - L. Miguel Martins
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
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Lee SK, Park CY, Kim J, Kim D, Choe H, Kim JH, Hong JP, Lee YJ, Heo Y, Park HS, Jang YJ. TRIB3 Is Highly Expressed in the Adipose Tissue of Obese Patients and Is Associated With Insulin Resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1057-e1073. [PMID: 34718616 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The upregulation of TRIB3 (Tribbles homolog 3), a stress-inducible gene encoding a pseudokinase, has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle and liver of patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, there is little information regarding TRIB3 expression in human adipose tissue. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether TRIB3 expression is dysregulated in human adipose tissue in the context of obesity and type 2 diabetes and whether TRIB3 expression in adipose tissues is associated with insulin resistance. METHODS We measured metabolic parameters and TRIB3 expression in abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in obese (with or without type 2 diabetes) and normal-weight women. Regulation of TRIB3 expression was studied in human adipocytes. RESULTS TRIB3 expression in both fat depots was higher in patients with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes; in addition, the expression level was significantly associated with insulin resistance. Incubating adipocytes under conditions mimicking the microenvironment of obese adipose tissue, including increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, induced TRIB3 expression. In human adipocytes, the overexpression of TRIB3 impaired insulin-stimulated protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation and caused dysregulation of the transcription of genes encoding bioactive molecules released from adipocytes, such as proinflammatory cytokines, adiponectin, and leptin. Pioglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing agent, reduced both these effects of TRIB3 and the ER stressor-induced expression of TRB3. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that TRIB3 expression in adipose tissue is enhanced in patients with obesity and suggest that increased TRIB3 dysregulates adipocyte function, which may contribute to the development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Ki Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brexogen Research Center, Brexogen Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Yoon Park
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Jimin Kim
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brexogen Research Center, Brexogen Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Donguk Kim
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Choe
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeok Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Pio Hong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Ji Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yoonseok Heo
- Department of General Surgery, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hye Soon Park
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Jin Jang
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Pérez-García A, Torrecilla-Parra M, Fernández-de Frutos M, Martín-Martín Y, Pardo-Marqués V, Ramírez CM. Posttranscriptional Regulation of Insulin Resistance: Implications for Metabolic Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020208. [PMID: 35204710 PMCID: PMC8961590 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance defines an impairment in the biologic response to insulin action in target tissues, primarily the liver, muscle, adipose tissue, and brain. Insulin resistance affects physiology in many ways, causing hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, visceral adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, elevated inflammatory markers, and endothelial dysfunction, and its persistence leads to the development metabolic disease, including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as well as neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. In addition to classical transcriptional factors, posttranscriptional control of gene expression exerted by microRNAs and RNA-binding proteins constitutes a new level of regulation with important implications in metabolic homeostasis. In this review, we describe miRNAs and RBPs that control key genes involved in the insulin signaling pathway and related regulatory networks, and their impact on human metabolic diseases at the molecular level, as well as their potential use for diagnosis and future therapeutics.
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Liju S, Chidambaram M, Mohan V, Radha V. Impact of type 2 diabetes variants identified through genome-wide association studies in early-onset type 2 diabetes from South Indian population. Genomics Inform 2020; 18:e27. [PMID: 33017871 PMCID: PMC7560451 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2020.18.3.e27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of early-onset type 2 diabetes (EOT2D) is increasing in Asian countries. Genome-wide association studies performed in European and various other populations have identified associations of numerous variants with type 2 diabetes in adults. However, the genetic component of EOT2D which is still unexplored could have similarities with late-onset type 2 diabetes. Here in the present study we aim to identify the association of variants with EOT2D in South Indian population. Twenty-five variants from 18 gene loci were genotyped in 1,188 EOT2D and 1,183 normal glucose tolerant subjects using the MassARRAY technology. We confirm the association of the HHEX variant rs1111875 with EOT2D in this South Indian population and also the association of CDKN2A/2B (rs7020996) and TCF7L2 (rs4506565) with EOT2D. Logistic regression analyses of the TCF7L2 variant rs4506565(A/T), showed that the heterozygous and homozygous carriers for allele ‘T’ have odds ratios of 1.47 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17 to 1.83; p = 0.001) and 1.65 (95% CI, 1.18 to 2.28; p = 0.006) respectively, relative to AA homozygote. For the HHEX variant rs1111875 (T/C), heterozygous and homozygous carriers for allele ‘C’ have odds ratios of 1.13 (95% CI, 0.91 to 1.42; p = 0.27) and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.17 to 2.12; p = 0.003) respectively, relative to the TT homozygote. For CDKN2A/2B variant rs7020996, the heterozygous and homozygous carriers of allele ‘C’ were protective with odds ratios of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.51 to 0.83; p = 0.0004) and 0.62 (95% CI, 0.27 to 1.39; p = 0.24) respectively, relative to TT homozygote. This is the first study to report on the association of HHEX variant rs1111875 with EOT2D in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Liju
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai 600086, India
| | - Manickam Chidambaram
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai 600086, India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai 600086, India.,Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, ICMR Centre for Diabetes Advanced Research and WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai 600086, India
| | - Venkatesan Radha
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai 600086, India
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Kang K, Sun X, Wang L, Yao X, Tang S, Deng J, Wu X, Yang C, Chen G. Direct-to-consumer genetic testing in China and its role in GWAS discovery and replication. QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40484-020-0209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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O’Mara TA, Batra J, Glubb D. Editorial: Establishing Genetic Pleiotropy to Identify Common Pharmacological Agents for Common Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1038. [PMID: 31572202 PMCID: PMC6753863 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy A. O’Mara
- Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Laboratory, Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dylan Glubb
- Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Laboratory, Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Nourbakhsh M, Sharifi R, Ghorbanhosseini SS, Javad A, Ahmadpour F, Razzaghy Azar M, Larijani B. Evaluation of Plasma TRB3 and Sestrin 2 Levels in Obese and Normal-Weight Children. Child Obes 2017. [PMID: 28639842 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2017.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity in childhood and adolescence is associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. TRB3 (Tribbles homolog 3) and sestrin 2 are two newly found proteins that have been identified to play an important role in obesity and its complications. AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate concentrations of TRB3 and sestrin 2 in plasma of obese and normal-weight children and adolescents, and their association with metabolic and anthropometric parameters. METHODS Plasma levels of TRB3, sestrin 2, insulin, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and lipid profile were evaluated in 70 children and adolescents (34 obese and 36 controls). Insulin resistance was calculated using a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to IDF criteria. RESULTS Plasma TRB3 levels of the obese subjects were significantly higher than that of normal weight subjects. TRB3 levels were positively correlated with BMI, BMI z-score, waist circumference, and FPG. The concentration of sestrin 2 was significantly lower in obese subjects compared to normal-weight subjects. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between plasma concentrations of sestrin 2 and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Neither TRB3 nor sestrin 2 were correlated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION Both TRB3 and sestrin 2 may contribute to the development of obesity and its complications and can be considered interesting therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Nourbakhsh
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran .,2 Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Sharifi
- 3 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Javad
- 2 Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadpour
- 4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahwaz Jundishapor University of Medical Sciences , Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Razzaghy Azar
- 2 Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran .,5 H. Aliasghar Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- 6 Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
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Mega C, Teixeira-de-Lemos E, Fernandes R, Reis F. Renoprotective Effects of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin: A Review in Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:5164292. [PMID: 29098166 PMCID: PMC5643039 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5164292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is now the single commonest cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide and one of the main causes of death in diabetic patients. It is also acknowledged as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Since sitagliptin was approved, many studies have been carried out revealing its ability to not only improve metabolic control but also ameliorate dysfunction in various diabetes-targeted organs, especially the kidney, due to putative underlying cytoprotective properties, namely, its antiapoptotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties. Despite overall recommendations, many patients spend a long time well outside the recommended glycaemic range and, therefore, have an increased risk for developing micro- and macrovascular complications. Currently, it is becoming clearer that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management must envision not only the improvement in glycaemic control but also, and particularly, the prevention of pancreatic deterioration and the evolution of complications, such as DN. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge in the field of renoprotective actions of sitagliptin, namely, improvement in diabetic dysmetabolism, hemodynamic factors, renal function, diabetic kidney lesions, and cytoprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mega
- Agrarian School of Viseu (ESAV), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (IPV), 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal
- Centre for the Study of Education, Technologies and Health (CI&DETS), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (IPV), 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Edite Teixeira-de-Lemos
- Agrarian School of Viseu (ESAV), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (IPV), 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal
- Centre for the Study of Education, Technologies and Health (CI&DETS), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (IPV), 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI Research Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI Research Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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Chidambaram M, Liju S, Saboo B, Sathyavani K, Viswanathan V, Pankratz N, Gross M, Mohan V, Radha V. Replication of genome-wide association signals in Asian Indians with early-onset type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2016; 53:915-923. [PMID: 27488727 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-016-0889-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the association of 87 genetic variants previously associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in genome-wide association studies of populations of European ancestry in an Asian Indian population with early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (EOT2DM). METHODS The study groups comprised of 877 type 2 diabetes individuals, 436 individuals with EOT2DM (age at diagnosis below 35 years), 441 individuals with older T2DM (diagnosis at 35 years or greater) and controls with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n = 400 younger than 35 years; n = 438 older than 35 years). The participants were genotyped for 87 SNPs from 44 genes and 27 intergenic loci. Associations were tested using logistic regression. RESULTS All the variants in TCF7L2 and CDKN2A/2B showed study-wide significance (p < 1.4 × 10-4) with T2DM, but only rs7903146, rs12243326, rs12255372 of TCF7L2 and rs7020996 of CDKN2A/2B showed study-wide significance (p < 1.4 × 10-4) with EOT2DM in this population. In addition, an intergenic SNP on chromosome 1 (rs10493685) was also shown to be study-wide significant (p = 7.1 × 10-6). Several additional SNPs previously associated with T2DM reached borderline significance in this study, but may have been limited by relatively low sample numbers. Various other SNPs of T2DM were not associated with EOT2DM. CONCLUSIONS Some of the variants in TCF7L2 and CDKN2A/2B associated with T2DM are associated with EOT2DM as well. An intergenic SNP on chromosome 1p31 showed association only with early-onset T2DM in this Asian Indian population. The lack of association with many other SNPs of T2DM may be a reflection of the lack of power of the study, sample size, differences in the frequencies of genetic polymorphisms in different ethnic groups, effect sizes, as well as ancestral differences in pattern of LD between the genetic variants involved in early- and late-onset T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manickam Chidambaram
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Samuel Liju
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | - Banshi Saboo
- Diabetologist and Endocrine and Metabolic Physician at Diabetes Care and Hormone Clinic, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Kumpatla Sathyavani
- M.V. Hospital for Diabetes and Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijay Viswanathan
- M.V. Hospital for Diabetes and Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Pathology, Medical School University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Myron Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Pathology, Medical School University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
- Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India
| | - Venkatesan Radha
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India.
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The TRIB3 Q84R polymorphism, insulin resistance and related metabolic alterations. Biochem Soc Trans 2016; 43:1108-11. [PMID: 26517932 DOI: 10.1042/bst20150115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is pathogenic for many prevalent disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), polycystic ovary syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and several cancers. Unravelling molecular abnormalities of insulin resistance may therefore pave the way for tackling such heavy weight on healthcare systems. This review will be focused on studies addressing the role of genetic variability of TRIB3, an inhibitor of insulin signalling at the AKT level on insulin resistance and several related abnormalities. Studies carried out in several cultured cells clearly report that the TRIB3 Q84R missense polymorphism, is a gain-of-function amino acid substitution, with the Arg(84) variant being a stronger inhibitor of insulin-mediated AKT activation as compared with the more frequent Gln(84) variant. Given the key role of AKT in modulating not only insulin signalling but also insulin secretion, it was not surprising that β-cells and human pancreatic islets carrying the Arg(84) variant showed also impaired insulin secretion. Also, of note is that in human vein endothelial cells carrying the Arg(84) variant showed a reduced insulin-induced nitric oxide release, an established early atherosclerotic step. Accordingly with in vitro studies, in vivo studies indicate that TRIB3 Arg(84) is associated with insulin resistance, T2DM and several aspects of atherosclerosis, including overt CVD. In all, several data indicate that the TRIB3 Arg(84) variant plays a role on several aspects of glucose homoeostasis and atherosclerotic processes, thus unravelling new molecular pathogenic mechanisms of highly prevalent disorders such as T2DM and CVD.
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Mondal D, Mathur A, Chandra PK. Tripping on TRIB3 at the junction of health, metabolic dysfunction and cancer. Biochimie 2016; 124:34-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Trombetta M, Dauriz M, Bonetti S, Travia D, Boselli L, Santi L, Bonora E, Bonadonna RC. Is common genetic variation at IRS1, ENPP1 and TRIB3 loci associated with cardiometabolic phenotypes in type 2 diabetes? An exploratory analysis of the Verona Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Study (VNDS) 5. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:232-238. [PMID: 26868433 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), it is often accompanied by defective beta-cell function (BF) and is involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Commonalities among these traits may recognize a genetic background, possibly involving the genetic variation of insulin signaling pathway genes. We conducted an exploratory analysis by testing whether common genetic variability at IRS1, ENPP1 and TRIB3 loci is associated with cardiovascular risk traits and metabolic phenotypes in T2DM. METHODS AND RESULTS In 597 drug-naïve, GADA-negative, newly-diagnosed T2DM patients we performed: 1) genotyping of 10 independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms covering ∼ 90% of common variability at IRS1, ENPP1 and TRIB3 loci; 2) carotid artery ultrasound; 3) standard ECG (n = 450); 4) euglycaemic insulin clamp to assess insulin sensitivity; 5) 75 g-OGTT to estimate BF (derivative and proportional control) by mathematical modeling. False discovery rate of multiple comparisons was set at 0.20. After adjustment for age, sex and smoking status, rs4675095-T (IRS1) and rs4897549-A (ENPP1) were significantly associated with carotid atherosclerosis severity, whilst rs7265169-A (TRIB3) was associated with ECG abnormalities. Rs858340-G (ENPP1) was significantly associated with decreased insulin sensitivity, independently of age, sex and body-mass-index. No consistent relationships were found with BF. CONCLUSION Some associations were found between intermediate phenotypes of CVD and common genetic variation of gatekeepers along the insulin signaling pathway. These results need be replicated to support the concept that in T2DM the CVD genetic risk clock may start ticking long before hyperglycemia appears. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01526720.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Trombetta
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - M Dauriz
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - S Bonetti
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - D Travia
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - L Boselli
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - L Santi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - E Bonora
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - R C Bonadonna
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma School of Medicine, Italy; Division of Endocrinology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Parma, Italy.
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Ti Y, Xie GL, Wang ZH, Ding WY, Zhang Y, Zhong M, Zhang W. Tribbles 3: A potential player in diabetic aortic remodelling. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2016; 13:69-80. [PMID: 26410836 DOI: 10.1177/1479164115605645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tribbles 3, whose expression is up-regulated by insulin resistance, was confirmed to be involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy in our previous study. However, it is not known whether Tribbles 3 has a role on conduit arteries such as the aorta in diabetes. Type 2 diabetic rat model was induced by high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin. We evaluated the characteristics of diabetic rats by serial ultrasonography and histopathologic analyses of aortic wall architecture. Diabetic rats displayed increased aortic medial thickness, excessive collagen deposition, diminished elastic fibres and reduced vascular compliance together with Tribbles 3 overexpression. To further investigate the role of Tribbles 3 in aortic remodelling, we used Tribbles 3 gene silencing in vivo 12 weeks after onset of diabetes. Silence of Tribbles 3 significantly reversed pathological aortic remodelling without blood pressure modification. In Tribbles 3-small interfering RNA group, medial thickness and perivascular fibrosis were markedly decreased; moreover, there were prominent reductions in collagen content and collagen/elastin ratio, resulting in an improved arterial compliance. Additionally, with Tribbles 3 silencing, the diminished phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt was restored, and increased activation of MKK4/JNK was decreased. Silence of Tribbles 3 is potent in mediating reversal of aortic remodelling, implicating that Tribbles 3 is proposed to be a potential therapeutic target for vascular complication in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ti
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Guo-lu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-hao Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Wen-yuan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
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Prudente S, Bailetti D, Mendonca C, Mannino GC, Fontana A, Andreozzi F, Hastings T, Mercuri L, Alberico F, Basile G, Copetti M, Sesti G, Doria A, Trischitta V. Infrequent TRIB3 coding variants and coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:334-9. [PMID: 26253791 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genes that modulate insulin sensitivity may also be involved in shaping the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The relatively common TRIB3 Q84R polymorphism (rs2295490) has been associated with abnormal insulin signaling, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and pro-atherogenic phenotypes. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between low-frequency TRIB3 coding variants and CAD in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Three case-control studies for CAD from Italy and US were analyzed, for a total of 1565 individuals, all with type 2 diabetes. Infrequent variants were identified by re-sequencing TRIB3 exons in 140 "extreme cases" and 140 "super-controls" and then genotyped in all study subjects. RESULTS TRIB3 infrequent variants (n = 8), considered according to a collapsing rare variants framework, were significantly associated with CAD in diabetic patients from Italy (n = 700, OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.20-0.91; p = 0.027), but not from the US (n = 865, OR = 1.22, 95% CI 0.69-2.18; p = 0.49). In the Italian sets, the association was especially strong among individuals who also carried the common R84 variant. CONCLUSION Although preliminary, our finding suggests a role of TRIB3 low-frequency variants on CAD among Italian patients with T2D. Further studies are needed to address the role of TRIB3 infrequent variants in other populations of both European and non-European ancestries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Prudente
- IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza-Mendel Laboratory, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
| | - Diego Bailetti
- IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza-Mendel Laboratory, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gaia Chiara Mannino
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Fontana
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Unit of Biostatistics, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Luana Mercuri
- IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza-Mendel Laboratory, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Federica Alberico
- IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza-Mendel Laboratory, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Basile
- IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza-Mendel Laboratory, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Unit of Biostatistics, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Doria
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza-Mendel Laboratory, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
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Zhang W, Yang Z, Li X, Wen J, Zhang H, Wang S, Wang X, Zhou H, Fang W, Qin L, Su Q. The functional Q84R polymorphism of TRIB3 gene is associated with diabetic nephropathy in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients. Gene 2014; 555:357-61. [PMID: 25447894 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress and circulating free fatty acids (FFA) has been suggested to involve in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. TRIB3 can inhibit FFA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulated podocyte production of MCP-1. Smoking increases the production of reactive oxygen species, which accelerates oxidative stress under hyperglycemia. To determine whether the Q84R polymorphism (rs2295490), alone or in combination with smoking, contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy, a case-control study was performed in 812 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Among patients, 214 had diabetic nephropathy with microalbuminuria (n=156) or overt albuminuria (n=58), and 598 did not show either of these symptoms but had diabetes for ≥10 years and were not undergoing antihypertension treatment. After adjustment for confounders, TRIB3 single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2295490 was associated with DN (OR 1.318, 95% CI 1.075, 1.653, p=0.017); smoking was also an independent risk factor for diabetic nephropathy (1.42 [1.25-2.04], p<0.001). In addition, we identified possible synergistic effects; i.e., the high-risk group (smokers with the AG+GG genotype) showed 2.13 times higher risk (1.51-3.96, p<0.001) of diabetic nephropathy than the low-risk group (nonsmokers with the AA genotype) in a multiple logistic regression analysis controlled for the confounders, but no departure from additivity was found. Our results indicate that smoking and the TRIB3 G-allele is associated with an increased risk of diabetic nephropathy, which supports the hypothesis that oxidative stress contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology at Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suijun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuanchun Wang
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology at Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Houguang Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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Das R, Sebo Z, Pence L, Dobens LL. Drosophila tribbles antagonizes insulin signaling-mediated growth and metabolism via interactions with Akt kinase. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109530. [PMID: 25329475 PMCID: PMC4198113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila Tribbles (Trbl) is the founding member of the Trib family of kinase-like docking proteins that modulate cell signaling during proliferation, migration and growth. In a wing misexpression screen for Trbl interacting proteins, we identified the Ser/Thr protein kinase Akt1. Given the central role of Akt1 in insulin signaling, we tested the function of Trbl in larval fat body, a tissue where rapid increases in size are exquisitely sensitive to insulin/insulin-like growth factor levels. Consistent with a role in antagonizing insulin-mediated growth, trbl RNAi knockdown in the fat body increased cell size, advanced the timing of pupation and increased levels of circulating triglyceride. Complementarily, overexpression of Trbl reduced fat body cell size, decreased overall larval size, delayed maturation and lowered levels of triglycerides, while circulating glucose levels increased. The conserved Trbl kinase domain is required for function in vivo and for interaction with Akt in a yeast two-hybrid assay. Consistent with direct regulation of Akt, overexpression of Trbl in the fat body decreased levels of activated Akt (pSer505-Akt) while misexpression of trbl RNAi increased phospho-Akt levels, and neither treatment affected total Akt levels. Trbl misexpression effectively suppressed Akt-mediated wing and muscle cell size increases and reduced phosphorylation of the Akt target FoxO (pSer256-FoxO). Taken together, these data show that Drosophila Trbl has a conserved role to bind Akt and block Akt-mediated insulin signaling, and implicate Trib proteins as novel sites of signaling pathway integration that link nutrient availability with cell growth and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Das
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Zachary Sebo
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Laramie Pence
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Leonard L. Dobens
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mega C, Vala H, Rodrigues-Santos P, Oliveira J, Teixeira F, Fernandes R, Reis F, de Lemos ET. Sitagliptin prevents aggravation of endocrine and exocrine pancreatic damage in the Zucker Diabetic Fatty rat - focus on amelioration of metabolic profile and tissue cytoprotective properties. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:42. [PMID: 24650557 PMCID: PMC3998187 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate some of the possible mechanisms underlying the protective effects of a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, sitagliptin, on pancreatic tissue in an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rat, focusing on glycaemic, insulinic and lipidic profiles, as well as, on apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and proliferation mediators. METHODS Male obese diabetic ZDF (fa/fa) rats, aged 20 weeks, were treated with sitagliptin (10 mg/kg bw/day) during 6 weeks and compared to untreated diabetic and lean control littermates. Metabolic data was evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the treatment, including glycaemia, HbA1c, insulinaemia, HOMA-beta and TGs. Endocrine and exocrine pancreas lesions were assessed semiquantitatively by histopathological methods. Pancreas gene (mRNA) and protein expression of mediators of apoptotic machinery, inflammation and angiogenesis/proliferation (Bax, Bcl2, IL-1β, VEGF, PCNA and TRIB3) were analyzed by RT-qPCR and/or by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Sitagliptin treatment for 6 weeks (between 20 and 26 week-old) was able to significantly (p < 0.001) ameliorate all the metabolic parameters, by preventing the increase in blood glucose and in serum TGs contents (16.54% and 37.63%, respectively, vs untreated), as well as, by preventing the decrease in serum insulin levels and in the functional beta cells capacity accessed via HOMA-beta index (156.28% and 191.74%, respectively, vs untreated). Sitagliptin-treated diabetic rats presented a reduced pancreas Bax/Bcl2 ratio, suggestive of an antiapoptotic effect; in addition, sitagliptin was able to completely reduce (p < 0.001) the pancreas overexpression of IL-1β and TRIB3 found in the untreated diabetic animals; and promoted a significant (p < 0.001) overexpression of VEGF and PCNA. CONCLUSION In this animal model of obese T2DM (the ZDF rat), sitagliptin prevented β-cell dysfunction and evolution of pancreatic damage. The protective effects afforded by this DPP-IV inhibitor may derive from improvement of the metabolic profile (viewed by the amelioration of glucose and TGs levels and of insulin resistance) and from cytoprotective properties, such as antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic and pro-proliferative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mega
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, Sub-Unit 1 (Polo III), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- ESAV, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Helena Vala
- ESAV, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
- Center for Studies in Education, Technologies and Health (CI&DETS), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Paulo Rodrigues-Santos
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Immunology and Oncology Laboratory, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Oliveira
- ESAV, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
- Center for Studies in Education, Technologies and Health (CI&DETS), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Frederico Teixeira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, Sub-Unit 1 (Polo III), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, Sub-Unit 1 (Polo III), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, Sub-Unit 1 (Polo III), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Edite Teixeira de Lemos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, Sub-Unit 1 (Polo III), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- ESAV, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
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Boucher J, Kleinridders A, Kahn CR. Insulin receptor signaling in normal and insulin-resistant states. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2014; 6:6/1/a009191. [PMID: 24384568 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a009191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 901] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the wake of the worldwide increase in type-2 diabetes, a major focus of research is understanding the signaling pathways impacting this disease. Insulin signaling regulates glucose, lipid, and energy homeostasis, predominantly via action on liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Precise modulation of this pathway is vital for adaption as the individual moves from the fed to the fasted state. The positive and negative modulators acting on different steps of the signaling pathway, as well as the diversity of protein isoform interaction, ensure a proper and coordinated biological response to insulin in different tissues. Whereas genetic mutations are causes of rare and severe insulin resistance, obesity can lead to insulin resistance through a variety of mechanisms. Understanding these pathways is essential for development of new drugs to treat diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and their complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Boucher
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Prudente S, Copetti M, Morini E, Mendonca C, Andreozzi F, Chandalia M, Baratta R, Pellegrini F, Mercuri L, Bailetti D, Abate N, Frittitta L, Sesti G, Florez JC, Doria A, Trischitta V. The SH2B1 obesity locus and abnormal glucose homeostasis: lack of evidence for association from a meta-analysis in individuals of European ancestry. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:1043-1049. [PMID: 24103803 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is influenced both by environmental and by genetic determinants. Obesity is an important risk factor for T2D, mostly mediated by obesity-related insulin resistance. Obesity and insulin resistance are also modulated by the genetic milieu; thus, genes affecting risk of obesity and insulin resistance might also modulate risk of T2D. Recently, 32 loci have been associated with body mass index (BMI) by genome-wide studies, including one locus on chromosome 16p11 containing the SH2B1 gene. Animal studies have suggested that SH2B1 is a physiological enhancer of the insulin receptor and humans with rare deletions or mutations at SH2B1 are obese with a disproportionately high insulin resistance. Thus, the role of SH2B1 in both obesity and insulin resistance makes it a strong candidate for T2D. However, published data on the role of SH2B1 variability on the risk for T2D are conflicting, ranging from no effect at all to a robust association. METHODS The SH2B1 tag SNP rs4788102 (SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism) was genotyped in 6978 individuals from six studies for abnormal glucose homeostasis (AGH), including impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance or T2D, from the GENetics of Type 2 Diabetes in Italy and the United States (GENIUS T2D) consortium. Data from these studies were then meta-analyzed, in a Bayesian fashion, with those from DIAGRAM+ (n = 47,117) and four other published studies (n = 39,448). RESULTS Variability at the SH2B1 obesity locus was not associated with AGH either in the GENIUS consortium (overall odds ratio (OR) = 0.96; 0.89-1.04) or in the meta-analysis (OR = 1.01; 0.98-1.05). CONCLUSION Our data exclude a role for the SH2B1 obesity locus in the modulation of AGH.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Prudente
- IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza-Mendel Laboratory, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
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23
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Geng T, Hu W, Broadwater MH, Snider JM, Bielawski J, Russo SB, Schwacke JH, Ross J, Cowart LA. Fatty acids differentially regulate insulin resistance through endoplasm reticulum stress-mediated induction of tribbles homologue 3: a potential link between dietary fat composition and the pathophysiological outcomes of obesity. Diabetologia 2013; 56:2078-87. [PMID: 23820633 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Previous studies have shown that saturated fatty acids cause insulin resistance (IR) that is prevented by unsaturated fatty acids. Tribbles homologue 3 (TRIB3) is a putative endogenous inhibitor of insulin signalling, but its role in insulin signalling is controversial. This study aimed to determine whether fatty acids regulate IR via TRIB3. METHODS We treated HepG2 cells with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and evaluated TRIB3 expression. We then tested whether regulation of TRIB3 occurred through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and whether modulating TRIB3 and ER stress marker genes was necessary and/or sufficient for regulation of insulin signalling. To test the in vivo significance of this mechanism, we fed mice obesogenic diets with different fatty acid profiles and assessed physiological variables of diabetes, ER stress markers and Trib3 expression in the liver. RESULTS Our data show that fatty acids differentially regulate IR through ER stress-mediated induction of TRIB3. Intriguingly, a standard and widely used obesogenic diet high in unsaturated fats failed to induce ER stress, TRIB3 or IR. However, an alternative obesogenic diet with lower unsaturated fat recapitulated the cell studies by causing ER stress, TRIB3 induction and IR. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This study revealed a novel mechanism linking dietary fat composition to IR. Given the emerging roles for ER stress in non-alcoholic liver disease, we conclude that dietary fat composition rather than total amount may mediate hepatic pathology associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Geng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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24
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Prudente S, Morini E, Marselli L, Baratta R, Copetti M, Mendonca C, Andreozzi F, Chandalia M, Pellegrini F, Bailetti D, Alberico F, Shah H, Abate N, Sesti G, Frittitta L, Marchetti P, Doria A, Trischitta V. Joint effect of insulin signaling genes on insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:E1143-7. [PMID: 23633196 PMCID: PMC6618023 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-4282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Reduced insulin signaling in insulin secreting β-cells causes defective insulin secretion and hyperglycemia in mice. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether functional polymorphisms affecting insulin signaling (ie, ENPP1 K121Q, rs1044498; IRS1 G972R, rs1801278; and TRIB3 Q84R, rs2295490) exert a joint effect on insulin secretion and abnormal glucose homeostasis (AGH). DESIGN Insulin secretion was evaluated by 1) the disposition index (DI) from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 829 individuals; 2) insulin secretion stimulation index (SI) in islets from nondiabetic donors after glucose (n = 92) or glibenclamide (n = 89) stimulation. AGH (including impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes; T2D) was evaluated in case-control studies from the GENetics of Type 2 Diabetes in Italy and the United States (GENIUS T2D) Consortium (n = 6607). RESULTS Genotype risk score, obtained by totaling individual weighted risk allele effects, was associated with the following: 1) DI (P = .005); 2) glucose and glibenclamide SI (P = .046 and P = .009); or 3) AGH (odds ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.13; P = .001). We observed an inverse relationship between genetic effect and age at AGH onset, as indicated by a linear correlation between AGH-genotype risk score odds ratios and age-at-diagnosis cutoffs (R(2) = 0.80, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Functional polymorphisms affecting insulin signaling exert a joint effect on both in vivo and in vitro insulin secretion as well as on early-onset AGH. Our data provide further evidence that abnormal insulin signaling reduces β-cell function and impairs glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Prudente
- Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza-Mendel Laboratory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
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25
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Variants of insulin-signaling inhibitor genes in type 2 diabetes and related metabolic abnormalities. Int J Genomics 2013; 2013:376454. [PMID: 23762820 PMCID: PMC3674720 DOI: 10.1155/2013/376454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance has a central role in the pathogenesis of several metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, glucose intolerance, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Insulin resistance and related traits are likely to be caused by abnormalities in the genes encoding for proteins involved in the composite network of insulin-signaling; in this review we have focused our attention on genetic variants of insulin-signaling inhibitor molecules. These proteins interfere with different steps in insulin-signaling: ENPP1/PC-1 and the phosphatases PTP1B and PTPRF/LAR inhibit the insulin receptor activation; INPPL1/SHIP-2 hydrolyzes PI3-kinase products, hampering the phosphoinositide-mediated downstream signaling; and TRIB3 binds the serine-threonine kinase Akt, reducing its phosphorylation levels. While several variants have been described over the years for all these genes, solid evidence of an association with type 2 diabetes and related diseases seems to exist only for rs1044498 of the ENPP1 gene and for rs2295490 of the TRIB3 gene. However, overall the data recapitulated in this Review article may supply useful elements to interpret the results of novel, more technically advanced genetic studies; indeed it is becoming increasingly evident that genetic information on metabolic diseases should be interpreted taking into account the complex biological pathways underlying their pathogenesis.
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Marchetti P, Bugliani M, Boggi U, Masini M, Marselli L. The pancreatic beta cells in human type 2 diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 771:288-309. [PMID: 23393686 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5441-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bell-cell (beta-cell) impairment is central to the development and progression of human diabetes, as a result of the combined effects of genetic and acquired factors. Reduced islet number and/or reduced beta cells amount in the pancreas of individuals with Type 2 diabetes have been consistently reported. This is mainly due to increased beta cell death, not adequately compensated for by regeneration. In addition, several quantitative and/or qualitative defects of insulin secretion have been observed in Type 2 diabetes, both in vivo and ex vivo with isolated islets. All this is associated with modifications of islet cell gene and protein expression. With the identification of several susceptible Type 2 diabetes loci, the role of genotype in affecting beta-cell function and survival has been addressed in a few studies and the relationships between genotype and beta-cell phenotype investigated. Among acquired factors, the importance of metabolic insults (in particular glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity) in the natural history of beta-cell damage has been widely underlined. Continuous improvements in our knowledge of the beta cells in human Type 2 diabetes will lead to more targeted and effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Marchetti
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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27
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Abstract
Polygenic type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multi-factorial disease due to the interplay between genes and the environment. Over the years, several genes/loci have been associated with this type of diabetes, with the majority of them being related to β cell dysfunction. In this review, the available information on how polymorphisms in T2DM-associated genes/loci do directly affect the properties of human islet cells are presented and discussed, including some clinical implications and the role of epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Marchetti
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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28
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Prudente S, Sesti G, Pandolfi A, Andreozzi F, Consoli A, Trischitta V. The mammalian tribbles homolog TRIB3, glucose homeostasis, and cardiovascular diseases. Endocr Rev 2012; 33:526-46. [PMID: 22577090 PMCID: PMC3410226 DOI: 10.1210/er.2011-1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Insulin signaling plays a physiological role in traditional insulin target tissues controlling glucose homeostasis as well as in pancreatic β-cells and in the endothelium. Insulin signaling abnormalities may, therefore, be pathogenic for insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, endothelial dysfunction, and eventually, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) is a 45-kDa pseudokinase binding to and inhibiting Akt, a key mediator of insulin signaling. Akt-mediated effects of TRIB3 in the liver, pancreatic β-cells, and skeletal muscle result in impaired glucose homeostasis. TRIB3 effects are also modulated by its direct interaction with other signaling molecules. In humans, TRIB3 overactivity, due to TRIB3 overexpression or to Q84R genetic polymorphism, with R84 being a gain-of-function variant, may be involved in shaping the risk of insulin resistance, T2DM, and cardiovascular disease. TRIB3 overexpression has been observed in the liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and pancreatic β-cells of individuals with insulin resistance and/or T2DM. The R84 variant has also proved to be associated with insulin resistance, T2DM, and cardiovascular disease. TRIB3 direct effects on the endothelium might also play a role in increasing the risk of atherosclerosis, as indicated by studies on human endothelial cells carrying the R84 variant that are dysfunctional in terms of Akt activation, NO production, and other proatherogenic changes. In conclusion, studies on TRIB3 have unraveled new molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities. Additional investigations are needed to verify whether such acquired knowledge will be relevant for improving care delivery to patients with metabolic and cardiovascular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Prudente
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Mendel Laboratory, Italy
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Sowers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
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30
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Wang ZH, Shang YY, Zhang S, Zhong M, Wang XP, Deng JT, Pan J, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Silence of TRIB3 suppresses atherosclerosis and stabilizes plaques in diabetic ApoE-/-/LDL receptor-/- mice. Diabetes 2012; 61:463-73. [PMID: 22275087 PMCID: PMC3266419 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance triggers the developments of diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) is involved in insulin resistance. We aimed to investigate whether TRIB3 is implicated in diabetic atherosclerosis. Sixty 3-week-old apolipoprotein E (ApoE-/-)/LDR receptor (LDLR-/-) mice were randomly divided into chow and diabetes groups. Diabetes was induced by a high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin. Mice in both groups were randomly divided into vehicle and TRIB3-silencing groups. After transfection, all mice were killed to evaluate the effects of TRIB3 on atherosclerosis. Silence of TRIB3 markedly decreased insulin resistance (P=0.039) and glucose (P=0.019), regardless of diabetes. Ultrasonography-measured parameters were similar in both groups, with and without silence of TRIB3. However, silence of TRIB3 decreased the aortic atherosclerotic burden (P=1×10(-13)). Further study showed that in brachiocephalic lesions, fibrous cap thickness, cap-to-core ratio, collagen content, and the number of smooth muscle cells were significantly increased (P<0.01 for all) by silence of TRIB3, whereas lipid and macrophage contents remained unaltered, with the vulnerability index significantly reduced. Moreover, the numbers of apoptotic cells and macrophages in brachiocephalic lesions were both significantly decreased (P<0.01 for both). Macrophage migration was decreased (P=4×10(-4)) by knocking down TRIB3, whereas adhesion and phagocytosis were increased (P<0.05 for both). Silence of TRIB3 would diminish atherosclerotic burden and increase the plaque stability in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-yuan Shang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, P.R. China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, P.R. China
| | - Xu-ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, P.R. China
| | - Jing-ti Deng
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School of Shandong University, Ji’nan, P.R. China
| | - Jie Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, P.R. China
- Corresponding author: Wei Zhang,
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31
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Liao WL, Chen CC, Chang CT, Wu JY, Chen CH, Huang YC, Tsai CH, Tsai FJ. Gene polymorphisms of adiponectin and leptin receptor are associated with early onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Taiwanese population. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011; 36:790-6. [PMID: 21931325 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipocytokine genes encoding adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and the leptin receptor (LEPR) affect glucose and fatty acid metabolism. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and variability within these two genes in the Han Chinese population of Taiwan. SUBJECTS A cross-sectional study of 999 patients from the Han Chinese population of Taiwan with early-onset T2DM (n=264; age at diagnosis, 20 to <45 years) and late-onset T2DM (n=735; age at diagnosis, ~45 years) was performed. Blood samples from T2DM patients were taken for DNA extraction, and levels of serological markers were measured at enrollment. Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected for genotyping (three SNPs in AIDPOQ and four SNPs in LEPR) by polymerase chain reaction in each patient. RESULTS Polymorphisms at the position rs10937273 in ADIPOQ and at the positions rs1892534 and rs2211651 in LEPR were statistically associated with early-onset T2DM (P=0.0246, 0.0014 and 0.0012, respectively). C-reactive protein levels were significantly different among the early-onset T2DM patients with different genotypes at the SNPs rs1892534 and rs2211651 in LEPR (P=0.003 and P=0.004, respectively). In addition, fasting glucose levels were also significantly different among different genotypes at the SNP rs1892534 in LEPR (P=0.038). CONCLUSION We conclude that the polymorphisms in the adipocytokine genes ADIPOQ and LEPR are significantly associated with the age at diagnosis of T2DM in the Han Chinese population of Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-L Liao
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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32
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Abstract
Sensing and interpreting extracellular signals in response to changes in the environment has been a fundamental feature of all life forms from the very beginning of evolution. To fulfil this function, networks of proteins have evolved, forming the intracellular signal transduction machinery. Whereas the appropriate control of these signal transduction systems is essential to homoeostasis, dysregulation of signalling leads to disease and often the death of the organism. The tribbles family of pseudokinases have emerged in recent years as key controllers of signal transduction via their interactions with several key kinases, ubiquitin ligases and transcription factors. In line with their role in regulating fundamentally important signalling pathways, members of the tribbles family have been implicated in the development of a range of human diseases. Whereas our mechanistic understanding of how these proteins contribute to disease is far from complete, the present paper attempts to summarize some of the most important recent developments in this field of research.
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33
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Di Paola R, Caporarello N, Marucci A, Dimatteo C, Iadicicco C, Del Guerra S, Prudente S, Sudano D, Miele C, Parrino C, Piro S, Beguinot F, Marchetti P, Trischitta V, Frittitta L. ENPP1 affects insulin action and secretion: evidences from in vitro studies. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19462. [PMID: 21573217 PMCID: PMC3088669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to deeper investigate the mechanisms through which
ENPP1, a negative modulator of insulin receptor (IR) activation, plays a role on
insulin signaling, insulin secretion and eventually glucose metabolism. ENPP1
cDNA (carrying either K121 or Q121 variant) was transfected in HepG2 liver-, L6
skeletal muscle- and INS1E beta-cells. Insulin-induced IR-autophosphorylation
(HepG2, L6, INS1E), Akt-Ser473,
ERK1/2-Thr202/Tyr204 and GSK3-beta Ser9
phosphorylation (HepG2, L6), PEPCK mRNA levels (HepG2) and
2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake (L6) was studied. GLUT 4 mRNA
(L6), insulin secretion and caspase-3 activation (INS1E) were also investigated.
Insulin-induced IR-autophosphorylation was decreased in HepG2-K, L6-K, INS1E-K
(20%, 52% and 11% reduction vs. untransfected cells) and
twice as much in HepG2-Q, L6-Q, INS1E-Q (44%, 92% and 30%).
Similar data were obtained with Akt-Ser473,
ERK1/2-Thr202/Tyr204 and GSK3-beta Ser9 in
HepG2 and L6. Insulin-induced reduction of PEPCK mRNA was progressively lower in
untransfected, HepG2-K and HepG2-Q cells (65%, 54%, 23%).
Insulin-induced glucose uptake in untransfected L6 (60% increase over
basal), was totally abolished in L6-K and L6-Q cells. GLUT 4 mRNA was slightly
reduced in L6-K and twice as much in L6-Q (13% and 25% reduction
vs. untransfected cells). Glucose-induced insulin secretion was 60%
reduced in INS1E-K and almost abolished in INS1E-Q. Serum deficiency activated
caspase-3 by two, three and four folds in untransfected INS1E, INS1E-K and
INS1E-Q. Glyburide-induced insulin secretion was reduced by 50% in
isolated human islets from homozygous QQ donors as compared to those from KK and
KQ individuals. Our data clearly indicate that ENPP1, especially when the Q121
variant is operating, affects insulin signaling and glucose metabolism in
skeletal muscle- and liver-cells and both function and survival of insulin
secreting beta-cells, thus representing a strong pathogenic factor predisposing
to insulin resistance, defective insulin secretion and glucose metabolism
abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Di Paola
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine
Diseases, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni
Rotondo, Italy
- * E-mail: (RDP); (VT); (LF)
| | - Nunzia Caporarello
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical
and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi
Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Marucci
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine
Diseases, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni
Rotondo, Italy
| | - Claudia Dimatteo
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine
Diseases, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni
Rotondo, Italy
| | - Claudia Iadicicco
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare
e Molecolare and Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR,
Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Del Guerra
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism,
University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Prudente
- IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,
Mendel Laboratory”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Dora Sudano
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical
and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi
Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare
e Molecolare and Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR,
Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Parrino
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical
and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi
Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Piro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of
Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania Medical School,
Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare
e Molecolare and Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR,
Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism,
University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine
Diseases, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni
Rotondo, Italy
- IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,
Mendel Laboratory”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza
University, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (RDP); (VT); (LF)
| | - Lucia Frittitta
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical
and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi
Hospital, Catania, Italy
- * E-mail: (RDP); (VT); (LF)
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Zhang X, Fu L, Zhang Q, Yan L, Ma Y, Tu B, Liu N, Qiao J. Association of TRB3 Q84R polymorphism with polycystic ovary syndrome in Chinese women. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9:46. [PMID: 21492415 PMCID: PMC3094280 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tribbles 3 (TRB3) affects insulin signalling by inhibiting insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and subsequent activation. A single nucleotide polymorphism located in the second extron of the human TRB3 gene is thought to be associated with insulin resistance. The latter is a core abnormality in PCOS independent of obesity. The present study was designed to clarify the relationships of TRB3 Q84R polymorphism with PCOS in a Chinese women group. METHODS A case-control study with two groups: PCOS group (n = 336) and control group of infertility women for tubal and/or male factor (n = 116) was performed. Genotyping of the TRB3 R84 variant was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS The frequency of genotype QQ in PCOS women was significantly lower, while genotype QR and RR were significantly higher than that in control group (p < 0.05). However, the difference disappeared after adjustment for BMI. At glucose1h, glucose2h and insulin2h point, the difference between QQ individuals and R84 allele carriers in PCOS women reached statistical significance during OGTT (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS TRB3 Q84R polymorphism is associated with obesity and especially glucose metabolism and not associated with polycystic ovary syndrome because of compositional characteristics of phenotype in Chinese PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R China
| | - Qiufang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R China
| | - Liying Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R China
| | - Yanmin Ma
- Reproductive Medical Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, P.R China
| | - Binbin Tu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R China
| | - Nana Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R China
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Weismann D, Erion DM, Ignatova-Todorava I, Nagai Y, Stark R, Hsiao JJ, Flannery C, Birkenfeld AL, May T, Kahn M, Zhang D, Yu XX, Murray SF, Bhanot S, Monia BP, Cline GW, Shulman GI, Samuel VT. Knockdown of the gene encoding Drosophila tribbles homologue 3 (Trib3) improves insulin sensitivity through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) activation in a rat model of insulin resistance. Diabetologia 2011; 54:935-44. [PMID: 21190014 PMCID: PMC4061906 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1984-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Insulin action is purportedly modulated by Drosophila tribbles homologue 3 (TRIB3), which in vitro prevents thymoma viral proto-oncogene (AKT) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) activation. However, the physiological impact of TRIB3 action in vivo remains controversial. METHODS We investigated the role of TRIB3 in rats treated with either a control or Trib3 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). Tissue-specific insulin sensitivity was assessed in vivo using a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp. A separate group was treated with the PPAR-γ antagonist bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether (BADGE) to assess the role of PPAR-γ in mediating the response to Trib3 ASO. RESULTS Trib3 ASO treatment specifically reduced Trib3 expression by 70% to 80% in liver and white adipose tissue. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin concentrations and basal rate of endogenous glucose production were unchanged. However, Trib3 ASO increased insulin-stimulated whole-body glucose uptake by ~50% during the euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp. This was attributable to improved skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Despite the reduction of Trib3 expression, AKT2 activity was not increased. Trib3 ASO increased white adipose tissue mass by 70% and expression of Ppar-γ and its key target genes, raising the possibility that Trib3 ASO improves insulin sensitivity primarily in a PPAR-γ-dependent manner. Co-treatment with BADGE blunted the expansion of white adipose tissue and abrogated the insulin-sensitising effects of Trib3 ASO. Finally, Trib3 ASO also increased plasma HDL-cholesterol, a change that persisted with BADGE co-treatment. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These data suggest that TRIB3 inhibition improves insulin sensitivity in vivo primarily in a PPAR-γ-dependent manner and without any change in AKT2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Weismann
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine PO BOX 802010, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8020, USA
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Schwerpunkt Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Würzburg, Germany
| | - D. M. Erion
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine PO BOX 802010, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8020, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - I. Ignatova-Todorava
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine PO BOX 802010, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8020, USA
| | - Y. Nagai
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine PO BOX 802010, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8020, USA
| | - R. Stark
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine PO BOX 802010, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8020, USA
| | - J. J. Hsiao
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine PO BOX 802010, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8020, USA
| | - C. Flannery
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine PO BOX 802010, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8020, USA
| | - A. L. Birkenfeld
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine PO BOX 802010, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8020, USA
| | - T. May
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M. Kahn
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D. Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - X. X. Yu
- Isis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | | | - S. Bhanot
- Isis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | | | - G. W. Cline
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine PO BOX 802010, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8020, USA
| | - G. I. Shulman
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine PO BOX 802010, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8020, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - V. T. Samuel
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine PO BOX 802010, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8020, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, CT, USA
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Carraro V, Maurin AC, Lambert-Langlais S, Averous J, Chaveroux C, Parry L, Jousse C, Örd D, Örd T, Fafournoux P, Bruhat A. Amino acid availability controls TRB3 transcription in liver through the GCN2/eIF2α/ATF4 pathway. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15716. [PMID: 21203563 PMCID: PMC3006201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, plasma amino acid concentrations are markedly affected by dietary or pathological conditions. It has been well established that amino acids are involved in the control of gene expression. Up to now, all the information concerning the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene transcription by amino acid availability has been obtained in cultured cell lines. The present study aims to investigate the mechanisms involved in transcriptional activation of the TRB3 gene following amino acid limitation in mice liver. The results show that TRB3 is up-regulated in the liver of mice fed a leucine-deficient diet and that this induction is quickly reversible. Using transient transfection and chromatin immunoprecipitation approaches in hepatoma cells, we report the characterization of a functional Amino Acid Response Element (AARE) in the TRB3 promoter and the binding of ATF4, ATF2 and C/EBPβ to this AARE sequence. We also provide evidence that only the binding of ATF4 to the AARE plays a crucial role in the amino acid-regulated transcription of TRB3. In mouse liver, we demonstrate that the GCN2/eIF2α/ATF4 pathway is essential for the induction of the TRB3 gene transcription in response to a leucine-deficient diet. Therefore, this work establishes for the first time that the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene transcription by amino acid availability are functional in mouse liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Carraro
- INRA, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
- Université Clermont 1, UFR Médecine, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne-Catherine Maurin
- INRA, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
- Université Clermont 1, UFR Médecine, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sarah Lambert-Langlais
- INRA, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
- Université Clermont 1, UFR Médecine, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Averous
- INRA, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
- Université Clermont 1, UFR Médecine, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Laurent Parry
- INRA, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
- Université Clermont 1, UFR Médecine, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Céline Jousse
- INRA, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
- Université Clermont 1, UFR Médecine, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Pierre Fafournoux
- INRA, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
- Université Clermont 1, UFR Médecine, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- * E-mail: (PF); (AB)
| | - Alain Bruhat
- INRA, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
- Université Clermont 1, UFR Médecine, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- * E-mail: (PF); (AB)
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Luciano M, Hansell NK, Lahti J, Davies G, Medland SE, Räikkönen K, Tenesa A, Widen E, McGhee KA, Palotie A, Liewald D, Porteous DJ, Starr JM, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Eriksson JG, Wright MJ, Deary IJ. Whole genome association scan for genetic polymorphisms influencing information processing speed. Biol Psychol 2010; 86:193-202. [PMID: 21130836 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Processing speed is an important cognitive function that is compromised in psychiatric illness (e.g., schizophrenia, depression) and old age; it shares genetic background with complex cognition (e.g., working memory, reasoning). To find genes influencing speed we performed a genome-wide association scan in up to three cohorts: Brisbane (mean age 16 years; N = 1659); LBC1936 (mean age 70 years, N = 992); LBC1921 (mean age 82 years, N = 307), and; HBCS (mean age 64 years, N =1080). Meta-analysis of the common measures highlighted various suggestively significant (p < 1.21 × 10⁻⁵) SNPs and plausible candidate genes (e.g., TRIB3). A biological pathways analysis of the speed factor identified two common pathways from the KEGG database (cell junction, focal adhesion) in two cohorts, while a pathway analysis linked to the GO database revealed common pathways across pairs of speed measures (e.g., receptor binding, cellular metabolic process). These highlighted genes and pathways will be able to inform future research, including results for psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Luciano
- Centre for Cognitive Aging and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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The porcine tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) gene: Identification of a missense mutation and association analysis with meat quality and production traits in Italian heavy pigs. Meat Sci 2010; 86:808-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Beguinot F. Tribbles homologue 3 (TRIB3) and the insulin-resistance genes in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2010; 53:1831-4. [PMID: 20567803 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Beguinot
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathology, University of Naples Federico II, via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples, Italy.
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40
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Prudente S, Baratta R, Andreozzi F, Morini E, Farina MG, Nigro A, Copetti M, Pellegrini F, Succurro E, Di Pietrantonio L, Brufani C, Barbetti F, Dallapiccola B, Sesti G, Trischitta V, Frittitta L. TRIB3 R84 variant affects glucose homeostasis by altering the interplay between insulin sensitivity and secretion. Diabetologia 2010; 53:1354-61. [PMID: 20393693 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1749-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The results of studies on the genetics of complex traits need to be replicated and to reach robust statistical significance before they can be considered as established. We here tried to replicate the previously reported association between the TRIB3 Q84R polymorphism (rs2295490) and glucose homeostasis. METHODS Three samples of Europeans with fasting glucose <7.0 mmol/l were studied. In sample 1 (n=791), the association between TRIB3 Q84R and impaired glucose regulation (IGR; defined as impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance and/or type 2 diabetes by OGTT) and insulin sensitivity (ISI), and its interplay with early-phase insulin secretion (i.e. disposition index [DI]) were analysed. Sample 2 (n=374) and sample 3 (n=394) were used to replicate the association with IGR and insulin sensitivity (by glucose clamp), respectively. Genotyping was performed by TaqMan allele discrimination. RESULTS R84 carriers were at higher risk of IGR: OR for the additive model 1.54, p=0.004, and 1.63, p=0.027, in samples 1 and 2, respectively. In sample 1, both ISI (p=0.005) and DI (p=0.043) were progressively lower from QQ to QR and RR individuals. A 'triangulation approach' indicated that the association with IGR was mostly mediated by DI rather than by ISI changes (i.e. being the expected ORs 1.51 and 1.25, respectively). In sample 3, glucose disposal was 38.8+/-17.7, 33.8+/-14.4, and 31.6+/-13.3 micromol min(-1)kg(-1), p=0.022, in QQ, QR and RR individuals, respectively. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data confirm that the TRIB3 R84 variant affects glucose homeostasis and suggest this effect is due to an alteration of the interplay between insulin sensitivity and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Prudente
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Mendel Institute, Viale Regina Margherita 261, 00198 Rome, Italy
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Liew CW, Bochenski J, Kawamori D, Hu J, Leech CA, Wanic K, Malecki M, Warram JH, Qi L, Krolewski AS, Kulkarni RN. The pseudokinase tribbles homolog 3 interacts with ATF4 to negatively regulate insulin exocytosis in human and mouse beta cells. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:2876-88. [PMID: 20592469 DOI: 10.1172/jci36849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient insulin secretion and reduced pancreatic beta cell mass are hallmarks of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Here, we confirm that a previously identified polymorphism (rs2295490/Q84R) in exon 2 of the pseudokinase-encoding gene tribbles 3 (TRB3) is associated with an increased risk for T2DM in 2 populations of people of mixed European descent. Carriers of the 84R allele had substantially reduced plasma levels of C-peptide, the product of proinsulin processing to insulin, suggesting a role for TRB3 in beta cell function. Overexpression of TRB3 84R in mouse beta cells, human islet cells, and the murine beta cell line MIN6 revealed reduced insulin exocytosis, associated with a marked reduction in docked insulin granules visualized by electron microscopy. Conversely, knockdown of TRB3 in MIN6 cells restored insulin secretion and expression of exocytosis genes. Further analysis in MIN6 cells demonstrated that TRB3 interacted with the transcription factor ATF4 and that this complex acted as a competitive inhibitor of cAMP response element-binding (CREB) transcription factor in the regulation of key exocytosis genes. In addition, the 84R TRB3 variant exhibited greater protein stability than wild-type TRB3 and increased binding affinity to Akt. Mice overexpressing TRB3 84R in beta cells displayed decreased beta cell mass, associated with reduced proliferation and enhanced apoptosis rates. These data link a missense polymorphism in human TRB3 to impaired insulin exocytosis and thus increased risk for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wee Liew
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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da Cunha AF, Brugnerotto AF, Duarte AS, Lanaro C, Costa GGL, Saad STO, Costa FF. Global gene expression reveals a set of new genes involved in the modification of cells during erythroid differentiation. Cell Prolif 2010; 43:297-309. [PMID: 20546246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2010.00679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Erythroid differentiation is a dynamic process in which a pluripotent stem cell undergoes a series of developmental changes that commit it to a specific lineage. These alterations involve changes in gene expression profiles. In this study, gene expression profiles during differentiation of human erythroid cells of a normal blood donor were evaluated using SAGE. MATERIALS AND METHODS Global gene expression was evaluated in cells collected immediately before addition of erythropoietin (0 h) and 192 and 336 h after addition of this hormone. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate activation of differentially expressed genes. RESULTS The data indicate that global aspects of the transcriptome were similar during differentiation of the majority of the genes and that a relatively small set of genes is probably involved in modification of erythroid cells during differentiation. We have identified 93 differentially expressed genes during erythroid development, and expression of some of these was confirmed by qPCR. Various genes including EYA3, ERH, HES6, TIMELESS and TRIB3 were found to be homologous to those of Drosophila melanogaster and here are described for the first time during erythroid development. An important and unique carboxypeptidase inhibitor described in mammalians, LXN, was also identified. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study amplify previously published data and may contribute to comprehension of erythroid differentiation and identification of new target genes involved in some erythroid concerning diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F da Cunha
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Liu J, Wu X, Franklin JL, Messina JL, Hill HS, Moellering DR, Walton RG, Martin M, Garvey WT. Mammalian Tribbles homolog 3 impairs insulin action in skeletal muscle: role in glucose-induced insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010; 298:E565-76. [PMID: 19996382 PMCID: PMC2838520 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00467.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) was found to inhibit insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and modulate gluconeogenesis in rodent liver. Currently, we examined a role for TRIB3 in skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Ten insulin-sensitive, ten insulin-resistant, and ten untreated type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients were metabolically characterized by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamps, and biopsies of vastus lateralis were obtained. Skeletal muscle samples were also collected from rodent models including streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, db/db mice, and Zucker fatty rats. Finally, L6 muscle cells were used to examine regulation of TRIB3 by glucose, and stable cell lines hyperexpressing TRIB3 were generated to identify mechanisms underlying TRIB3-induced insulin resistance. We found that 1) skeletal muscle TRIB3 protein levels are significantly elevated in T2DM patients; 2) muscle TRIB3 protein content is inversely correlated with glucose disposal rates and positively correlated with fasting glucose; 3) skeletal muscle TRIB3 protein levels are increased in STZ-diabetic rats, db/db mice, and Zucker fatty rats; 4) stable TRIB3 hyperexpression in muscle cells blocks insulin-stimulated glucose transport and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation and impairs phosphorylation of Akt, ERK, and insulin receptor substrate-1 in insulin signal transduction; and 5) TRIB3 mRNA and protein levels are increased by high glucose concentrations, as well as by glucose deprivation in muscle cells. These data identify TRIB3 induction as a novel molecular mechanism in human insulin resistance and diabetes. TRIB3 acts as a nutrient sensor and could mediate the component of insulin resistance attributable to hyperglycemia (i.e., glucose toxicity) in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Liu
- Dept. of Nutrition Sciences, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294-3360, USA
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Di Paola R, Wojcik J, Succurro E, Marucci A, Chandalia M, Padovano L, Powers C, Merla G, Abate N, Sesti G, Doria A, Trischitta V. GRB10 gene and type 2 diabetes in Whites. J Intern Med 2010; 267:132-3. [PMID: 19818100 PMCID: PMC2952355 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2009.02089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Di Paola
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Scientific Institute “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Correspondence to: Rosa Di Paola, Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Scientific Institute “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, Poliambulatorio Giovanni Paolo II, Viale Padre Pio, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy. Telephone: +39 0882 416276, Fax: + 39 0882 416266. , or Vincenzo Trischitta, Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Scientific Institute “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, Poliambulatorio Giovanni Paolo II, Viale Padre Pio, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
| | - Joanna Wojcik
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elena Succurro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonella Marucci
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Scientific Institute “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Manisha Chandalia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Libera Padovano
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Scientific Institute “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Merla
- Medical Genetics Unit, Scientific Institute “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Nicola Abate
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Doria
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Scientific Institute “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Medical Pathophysiology, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS CSS-Mendel, Rome, Italy
- Correspondence to: Rosa Di Paola, Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Scientific Institute “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, Poliambulatorio Giovanni Paolo II, Viale Padre Pio, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy. Telephone: +39 0882 416276, Fax: + 39 0882 416266. , or Vincenzo Trischitta, Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Scientific Institute “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, Poliambulatorio Giovanni Paolo II, Viale Padre Pio, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
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Prudente S, Morini E, Trischitta V. Insulin signaling regulating genes: effect on T2DM and cardiovascular risk. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2009; 5:682-93. [PMID: 19924153 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2009.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disorder that has a heterogeneous genetic and environmental background. In this Review, we discuss the role of relatively infrequent polymorphisms of genes that regulate insulin signaling (including the K121Q polymorphism of ENPP1, the G972R polymorphism of IRS1 and the Q84R polymorphism of TRIB3) in T2DM and other conditions related to insulin resistance. The biological relevance of these three polymorphisms has been very thoroughly characterized both in vitro and in vivo and the available data indicate that they all affect insulin signaling and action as well as insulin secretion. They also affect insulin-mediated regulation of endothelial cell function. In addition, several reports indicate that the effects of all three polymorphisms on the risk of T2DM and cardiovascular diseases related to insulin resistance depend on the clinical features of the individual, including their body weight and age at disease onset. Thus, these polymorphisms might be used to demonstrate how difficult it is to ascertain the contribution of relatively infrequent genetic variants with heterogeneous effects on disease susceptibility. Unraveling the role of such variants might be facilitated by improving disease definition and focusing on specific subsets of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Prudente
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Mendel Institute, Rome, Italy
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Morini E, Prudente S, Succurro E, Chandalia M, Zhang YY, Mammarella S, Pellegrini F, Powers C, Proto V, Dallapiccola B, Cama A, Sesti G, Abate N, Doria A, Trischitta V. IRS1 G972R polymorphism and type 2 diabetes: a paradigm for the difficult ascertainment of the contribution to disease susceptibility of 'low-frequency-low-risk' variants. Diabetologia 2009; 52:1852-7. [PMID: 19557384 PMCID: PMC2782547 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of the study was to determine the association between IRS1 G972R polymorphism and type 2 diabetes; published data concerning this association have been conflicting. To obtain further insight into this topic, we performed a meta-analysis of all available case-control studies. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of 32 studies (12,076 cases and 11,285 controls). RESULTS The relatively infrequent R972 variant was not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.96-1.23, p = 0.184 under a dominant model). Some evidence of heterogeneity was observed across studies (p = 0.1). In the 14 studies (9,713 individuals) in which the mean age at type 2 diabetes diagnosis was available, this variable explained 52% of the heterogeneity (p = 0.03). When these studies were subdivided into tertiles of mean age at diagnosis, the OR for diabetes was 1.48 (95% CI 1.17-1.87), 1.22 (95% CI 0.97-1.53) and 0.88 (95% CI 0.68-1.13) in the youngest, intermediate and oldest tertile, respectively (p = 0.0022 for trend of ORs). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings illustrate the difficulties of ascertaining the contribution of 'low-frequency-low-risk' variants to type 2 diabetes susceptibility. In the specific context of the R972 variant, approximately 200,000 study individuals would be needed to have 80% power to identify a 9% increase in diabetes risk at a genome-wide significance level. Under these circumstances, a strategy aimed at improving outcome definition and decreasing its heterogeneity may critically enhance our ability to detect genetic effects, thereby decreasing the required sample size. Our data suggest that focusing on early-onset diabetes, which is characterised by a stronger genetic background, may be part of such a strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Morini
- IRCCS, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza-Mendel Institute, Viale Regina Margherita 261, Postal Code 00198, Rome, Italy
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47
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Human TRB3 is upregulated in stressed cells by the induction of translationally efficient mRNA containing a truncated 5′-UTR. Gene 2009; 444:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gong HP, Wang ZH, Jiang H, Fang NN, Li JS, Shang YY, Zhang Y, Zhong M, Zhang W. TRIB3 functional Q84R polymorphism is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome and carotid atherosclerosis. Diabetes Care 2009; 32:1311-3. [PMID: 19389818 PMCID: PMC2699701 DOI: 10.2337/dc09-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association of TRIB3 Q84R polymorphism with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and carotid atherosclerosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A case-control study enrolled 513 Chinese subjects in three groups: control, MetS, and obese. The functional TRIB3 Q84R polymorphism was genotyped among subjects undergoing carotid ultrasonography. The clinical and biochemical characteristics were determined. RESULTS For individuals with the TRIB3 R84 allele, the odds ratio for developing MetS was 2.349 (P = 0.018), abdominal obesity 2.351 (P = 0.012), hypertriglyceridemia 2.314 (P = 0.00003), and insulin resistance 1.697 (P = 0.023). Likewise, the odds ratio for individuals with the TRIB3 R84 allele to develop thickened intima-media thickness was 2.208 (P = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with the functional TRIB3 Q84R polymorphism are at risk for MetS. The TRIB3 R84 allele especially predisposes to carotid atherosclerosis in part through the effects of abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-ping Gong
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
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Prudente S, Morini E, Trischitta V. The emerging role of TRIB3 as a gene affecting human insulin resistance and related clinical outcomes. Acta Diabetol 2009; 46:79-84. [PMID: 19139803 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-008-0087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is becoming epidemic. The personal and social burden imposed by diabetes will increase in the close future as its prevalence is expected to double in the next 15-20 years. Type 2 diabetes is caused by the combination of resistance to insulin action and inadequate insulin secretion. Despite the role of profound changes in individual environmental exposure is incontrovertible, several findings clearly indicate that type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance are also heritable. Among the several inhibitors of insulin signalling, which have been recently proposed as determinants of insulin resistance, is TRIB3, a mammalian tribbles homolog which affects insulin signalling at the level of Akt-2, a key modulator of insulin action in target cells. We here report data on a prevalent Q84R TRIB3 missense single nucleotide polymorphism (rs2295490) we first described few years ago. Several lines of evidences indicate that this amino-acid change is, in fact, a gain of function mutation with the potential to affect insulin signalling and thus, to increase the risk of insulin resistance and related clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Prudente
- CSS-Mendel Institute, Viale Regina Margherita 261, 00198, Rome, Italy.
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