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Veras VR, da Cruz Paiva Lima GE, da Ponte Melo I, Fernandes VO, de Moura Lopes FK, do Amaral CL, Castelo MHG, Queiroz LL, Araújo JS, Valerio CM, Montenegro Junior RM. Anthropometric measurements as a key diagnostic tool for familial partial lipodystrophy in women. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:216. [PMID: 39227868 PMCID: PMC11373399 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial Partial Lipodystrophy (FPLD) is a disease with wide clinical and genetic variation, with seven different subtypes described. Until genetic testing becomes feasible in clinical practice, non-invasive tools are used to evaluate body composition in lipodystrophic patients. This study aimed to analyze the different anthropometric parameters used for screening and diagnosis of FPLD, such as thigh skinfold thickness (TS), Köb index (Köbi), leg fat percentage (LFP), fat mass ratio (FMR) and leg-to-total fat mass ratio in grams (LTR), by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, focusing on determining cutoff points for TS and LFP within a Brazilian population. METHODS Thirty-seven patients with FPLD and seventy-four healthy controls matched for body mass index, sex and age were studied. Data were collected through medical record review after signing informed consent. All participants had body fat distribution evaluated by skinfolds and DXA measures. Fasting blood samples were collected to evaluate glycemic and lipid profiles. Genetic studies were carried out on all patients. Two groups were categorized based on genetic testing and/or anthropometric characteristics: FPLD+ (positive genetic test) and FPLD1 (negative genetic testing, but positive clinical/anthropometric criteria for FPLD). RESULTS Eighteen (48.6%) patients were classified as FPLD+, and 19 (51.4%) as FPLD1. Unlike what is described in the literature, the LMNA variant in codon 582 was the most common. Among the main diagnostic parameters of FPLD, a statistical difference was observed between the groups for, Köbi, TS, LFP, FMR, and LTR. A cutoff point of 20 mm for TS in FPLD women was found, which is lower than the value classically described in the literature for the diagnosis of FPLD. Additionally, an LFP < 29.6% appears to be a useful tool to aid in the diagnosis of these women. CONCLUSION Combining anthropometric measurements to assess body fat distribution can lead to a more accurate diagnosis of FPLD. This study suggests new cutoff points for thigh skinfold and leg fat percentage in women with suspected FPLD in Brazil. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Rezende Veras
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará/EBSERH, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Grayce Ellen da Cruz Paiva Lima
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- University of Fortaleza, (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Diagnosticos das Americas DASA, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivana da Ponte Melo
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará/EBSERH, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Virginia Oliveira Fernandes
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará/EBSERH, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Department of Community Health, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Fabia Karine de Moura Lopes
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará/EBSERH, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Camila Lopes do Amaral
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará/EBSERH, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Helane Gurgel Castelo
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará/EBSERH, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Larissa Luna Queiroz
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará/EBSERH, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jessica Silveira Araújo
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará/EBSERH, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Renan Magalhães Montenegro Junior
- Brazilian Group for the Study of Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies (BRAZLIPO), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
- Clinical Research Unit, Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará/EBSERH, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
- Department of Community Health, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Mannaa M, Pfennigwerth P, Fielitz J, Gollasch M, Boschmann M. Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition impacts energy homeostasis and induces sex-specific body weight loss in humans. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:2757-2767. [PMID: 37897143 PMCID: PMC10751400 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous data from a 2-year randomized controlled trial (CRAD001ADE12) indicated that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition by everolimus slowed cyst growth in patients with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). During the trial, we noted body weight loss in some patients, particularly in women. We hypothesized that everolimus causes body weight reduction by reduced food intake and/or metabolic changes, which could lead to cachexia. METHODS Within a sub-analysis of the CRAD001ADE12 trial, body weight course was investigated regarding sex-specific differences in 433 adult ADPKD patients (everolimus, n = 215; placebo, n = 218). One hundred four out of 111 patients who participated in the clinical trial centre in Berlin were evaluated under everolimus/placebo therapy (on drug: everolimus, n = 48; placebo, n = 56) and after therapy (off drug: everolimus, n = 15; placebo, n = 18). Eating habits and nutrient/caloric intake were evaluated by validated questionnaires. Systemic and local metabolism was evaluated in four patients after an oral glucose load (OGL) by using calorimetry and adipose/muscle tissue microdialysis. RESULTS Within the 2-year CRAD001ADE12 trial, a significant body weight loss was observed in female patients on everolimus versus placebo (P = 0.0029). Data of the Berlin Cohort revealed that weight loss was greater in women on everolimus versus men (P < 0.01). After 9 months, women and men had lost 2.6 ± 3.8 and 0.8 ± 1.5 kg (P < 0.05) in body weight, respectively, and after 21 months, they had lost 4.1 ± 6.6 and 1.0 ± 3.3 kg (P < 0.05), respectively. On everolimus, caloric intake was significantly lower in women versus men (1510 ± 128 vs. 2264 ± 216 kcal/day, P < 0.05), caused mainly by a lower fat and protein intake in women versus men. Cognitive restraints, disinhibition and hunger remained unchanged. In a subgroup of patients resting metabolic rate was unchanged whereas OGL-induced thermogenesis was reduced (7 ± 2 vs. 11 ± 2 kcal, P < 0.05). Fasting and OGL-induced fat oxidation was increased (P < 0.05) on versus off everolimus. In adipose tissue, fasting lipolytic activity was increased, but lipolytic activity was inhibited similarly after the OGL on versus off everolimus, respectively. In skeletal muscle, postprandial glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis was reduced in patients on everolimus. CONCLUSIONS mTOR inhibition by everolimus induces body weight reduction, specifically in female patients. This effect is possibly caused by a centrally mediated reduced food (fat and protein) intake and by centrally/peripherally mediated increased fat oxidation (systemic) and mobilization (adipose tissue). Glucose uptake and oxidation might be reduced in skeletal muscle. This could lead to cachexia and, possibly, muscle wasting. Therefore, our results have important implications for patients recieving immune-suppressive mTOR inhibition therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Mannaa
- Department of Internal Medicine and GeriatricsUniversitätsmedizin GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Pia Pfennigwerth
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a co‐operation between Charité – Universitätsmedizin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
| | - Jens Fielitz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin BUniversitätsmedizin GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Department of Internal Medicine and GeriatricsUniversitätsmedizin GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive CareCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Michael Boschmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a co‐operation between Charité – Universitätsmedizin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
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Gökçay Canpolat A, Aslan B, Şükür YE. A promising treatment for spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome due to familial partial lipodystrophy: GnRH analogs combined with cyst aspiration. Hormones (Athens) 2023; 22:741-745. [PMID: 37491654 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00469-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present a patient with familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who was admitted with spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)-like extremely enlarged ovaries, which was successfully treated using gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs and abdominal cyst aspiration in combination. METHOD This is a descriptive case report of a single patient with FPLD and PCOS. RESULTS Clinical improvement was achieved 6 months after therapy besides progressive reduction in total testosterone and DHEAS. Furthermore, there was a significant improvement in hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Additionally, reduction in the size of ovarian cysts, reduction in the size and number of localizations of acanthosis nigricans, reduction in scores of mFGS, and weight loss were also observed. CONCLUSION Although there are few reports in the literature describing the association between PCOS with FPLD, management of this novel spontaneous OHSS-like condition has not yet been clearly defined. In the case of extremely enlarged multicystic ovaries and severe hyperandrogenemia, GnRH analogs may be considered to prevent ovarian enlargement and reduce hyperandrogenemia, especially when other treatment options are inappropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asena Gökçay Canpolat
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Batuhan Aslan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Emre Şükür
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Clinical Spectrum of LMNA-Associated Type 2 Familial Partial Lipodystrophy: A Systematic Review. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050725. [PMID: 36899861 PMCID: PMC10000975 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD2) is a laminopathic lipodystrophy due to pathogenic variants in the LMNA gene. Its rarity implies that it is not well-known. The aim of this review was to explore the published data regarding the clinical characterisation of this syndrome in order to better describe FPLD2. For this purpose, a systematic review through a search on PubMed until December 2022 was conducted and the references of the retrieved articles were also screened. A total of 113 articles were included. FPLD2 is characterised by the loss of fat starting around puberty in women, affecting limbs and trunk, and its accumulation in the face, neck and abdominal viscera. This adipose tissue dysfunction conditions the development of metabolic complications associated with insulin resistance, such as diabetes, dyslipidaemia, fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and reproductive disorders. However, a great degree of phenotypical variability has been described. Therapeutic approaches are directed towards the associated comorbidities, and recent treatment modalities have been explored. A comprehensive comparison between FPLD2 and other FPLD subtypes can also be found in the present review. This review aimed to contribute towards augmenting knowledge of the natural history of FPLD2 by bringing together the main clinical research in this field.
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Gerhalter T, Müller C, Maron E, Thielen M, Schätzl T, Mähler A, Schütte T, Boschmann M, Herzer R, Spuler S, Gazzerro E. "suMus," a novel digital system for arm movement metrics and muscle energy expenditure. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1057592. [PMID: 36776973 PMCID: PMC9909604 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1057592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: In the field of non-treatable muscular dystrophies, promising new gene and cell therapies are being developed and are entering clinical trials. Objective assessment of therapeutic effects on motor function is mandatory for economical and ethical reasons. Main shortcomings of existing measurements are discontinuous data collection in artificial settings as well as a major focus on walking, neglecting the importance of hand and arm movements for patients' independence. We aimed to create a digital tool to measure muscle function with an emphasis on upper limb motility. Methods: suMus provides a custom-made App running on smartwatches. Movement data are sent to the backend of a suMus web-based platform, from which they can be extracted as CSV data. Fifty patients with neuromuscular diseases assessed the pool of suMus activities in a first orientation phase. suMus performance was hence validated in four upper extremity exercises based on the feedback of the orientation phase. We monitored the arm metrics in a cohort of healthy volunteers using the suMus application, while completing each exercise at low frequency in a metabolic chamber. Collected movement data encompassed average acceleration, rotation rate as well as activity counts. Spearman rank tests correlated movement data with energy expenditure from the metabolic chamber. Results: Our novel application "suMus," sum of muscle activity, collects muscle movement data plus Patient-Related-Outcome-Measures, sends real-time feedback to patients and caregivers and provides, while ensuring data protection, a long-term follow-up of disease course. The application was well received from the patients during the orientation phase. In our pilot study, energy expenditure did not differ between overnight fasted and non-fasted participants. Acceleration ranged from 1.7 ± 0.7 to 3.2 ± 0.5 m/sec2 with rotation rates between 0.9 ± 0.5 and 2.0 ± 3.4 rad/sec. Acceleration and rotation rate as well as derived activity counts correlated with energy expenditure values measured in the metabolic chamber for one exercise (r = 0.58, p < 0.03). Conclusion: In the analysis of slow frequency movements of upper extremities, the integration of the suMus application with smartwatch sensors characterized motion parameters, thus supporting a use in clinical trial outcome measures. Alternative methodologies need to complement indirect calorimetry in validating accelerometer-derived energy expenditure data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gerhalter
- Muscle Research Unit, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Teresa Schätzl
- Muscle Research Unit, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Mähler
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Schütte
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany,Clinical Study Center (CSC), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Boschmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Simone Spuler
- Muscle Research Unit, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany,*Correspondence: Simone Spuler, ; Elisabetta Gazzerro,
| | - Elisabetta Gazzerro
- Muscle Research Unit, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany,*Correspondence: Simone Spuler, ; Elisabetta Gazzerro,
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Gaar-Humphreys KR, van den Brink A, Wekking M, Asselbergs FW, van Steenbeek FG, Harakalova M, Pei J. Targeting lipid metabolism as a new therapeutic strategy for inherited cardiomyopathies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1114459. [PMID: 36760574 PMCID: PMC9907444 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1114459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies caused by pathological genetic variants include multiple subtypes of heart disease. Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques have allowed for the identification of numerous genetic variants as pathological variants. However, the disease penetrance varies among mutated genes. Some can be associated with more than one disease subtype, leading to a complex genotype-phenotype relationship in inherited cardiomyopathies. Previous studies have demonstrated disrupted metabolism in inherited cardiomyopathies and the importance of metabolic adaptations in disease onset and progression. In addition, genotype- and phenotype-specific metabolic alterations, especially in lipid metabolism, have been revealed. In this mini-review, we describe the metabolic changes that are associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which account for the largest proportion of inherited cardiomyopathies. We also summarize the affected expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in DCM and HCM, highlighting the potential of PPARA-targeting drugs as FAO modulators in treating patients with inherited cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen R. Gaar-Humphreys
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alyssa van den Brink
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mark Wekking
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Folkert W. Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Health Data Research United Kingdom and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frank G. van Steenbeek
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Harakalova
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jiayi Pei
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Carbon NM, Engelhardt LJ, Wollersheim T, Grunow JJ, Spies CD, Märdian S, Mai K, Spranger J, Weber-Carstens S. Impact of protocol-based physiotherapy on insulin sensitivity and peripheral glucose metabolism in critically ill patients. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1045-1053. [PMID: 35075782 PMCID: PMC8978012 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of physiotherapy on insulin sensitivity and peripheral glucose metabolism in critically ill patients is not well understood. METHODS This pooled analysis investigates the impact of different physiotherapeutic strategies on insulin sensitivity in critically ill patients. We pooled data from two previous trials in adult patients with sequential organ failure assessment score (SOFA)≥ 9 within 72 h of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, who received hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic (HE) clamps. Patients were divided into three groups: standard physiotherapy (sPT, n = 22), protocol-based physiotherapy (pPT, n = 8), and pPT with added muscle activating measures (pPT+, n = 20). Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was determined by HE clamp. Muscle metabolites lactate, pyruvate, and glycerol were measured in the M. vastus lateralis via microdialysis during the HE clamp. Histochemical visualization of glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) translocation was performed in surgically extracted muscle biopsies. All data are reported as median (25th/75th percentile) (trial registry: ISRCTN77569430 and ISRCTN19392591/ethics approval: Charité-EA2/061/06 and Charité-EA2/041/10). RESULTS Fifty critically ill patients (admission SOFA 13) showed markedly decreased ISIs on Day 17 (interquartile range) 0.029 (0.022/0.048) (mg/min/kg)/(mU/L) compared with healthy controls 0.103 (0.087/0.111), P < 0.001. ISI correlated with muscle strength measured by medical research council (MRC) score at first awakening (r = 0.383, P = 0.026) and at ICU discharge (r = 0.503, P = 0.002). Different physiotherapeutic strategies showed no effect on the ISI [sPT 0.029 (0.019/0.053) (mg/min/kg)/(mU/L) vs. pPT 0.026 (0.023/0.041) (mg/min/kg)/(mU/L) vs. pPT+ 0.029 (0.023/0.042) (mg/min/kg)/(mU/L); P = 0.919]. Regardless of the physiotherapeutic strategy metabolic flexibility was reduced. Relative change of lactate/pyruvate ratio during HE clamp is as follows: sPT 0.09 (-0.13/0.27) vs. pPT 0.07 (-0.16/0.31) vs. pPT+ -0.06 (-0.19/0.16), P = 0.729, and relative change of glycerol concentration: sPT -0.39 (-0.8/-0.12) vs. pPT -0.21 (-0.33/0.07) vs. pPT+ -0.21 (-0.44/-0.03), P = 0.257. The majority of ICU patients showed abnormal localization of GLUT4 with membranous GLUT4 distribution in 37.5% (3 of 8) of ICU patients receiving sPT, in 42.9% (3 of 7) of ICU patients receiving pPT, and in 53.8% (7 of 13) of ICU patients receiving pPT+ (no statistical testing possible). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that a higher duration of muscle activating measures had no impact on insulin sensitivity or metabolic flexibility in critically ill patients with sepsis-related multiple organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas M Carbon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM/CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lilian J Engelhardt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM/CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Wollersheim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM/CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julius J Grunow
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM/CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia D Spies
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM/CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Märdian
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut Mai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Weber-Carstens
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM/CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Peng Y, Tang Q, Xiao F, Fu N. Regulation of Lipid Metabolism by Lamin in Mutation-Related Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:820857. [PMID: 35281936 PMCID: PMC8914069 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.820857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear lamins, known as type 5 intermediate fibers, are composed of lamin A, lamin C, lamin B1, and lamin B2, which are encoded by LMNA and LMNB genes, respectively. Importantly, mutations in nuclear lamins not only participate in lipid disorders but also in the human diseases, such as lipodystrophy, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, and dilated cardiomyopathy. Among those diseases, the mechanism of lamin has been widely discussed. Thereby, this review mainly focuses on the regulatory mechanism of the mutations in the lamin gene in lipid alterations and the human diseases. Considering the protean actions, targeting nuclear lamins may be a potent therapeutic avenue for lipid metabolic disorders and human diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Peng
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang, China
| | - Qianyu Tang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Clinical Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Nian Fu, ; Fan Xiao,
| | - Nian Fu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang, China
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Clinical Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Nian Fu, ; Fan Xiao,
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9
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Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria Dysfunction in Genetic Neuromuscular Disorders with Cardiac Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147349. [PMID: 34298968 PMCID: PMC8307986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered the major contributor to skeletal muscle wasting in different conditions. Genetically determined neuromuscular disorders occur as a result of mutations in the structural proteins of striated muscle cells and therefore are often combined with cardiac phenotype, which most often manifests as a cardiomyopathy. The specific roles played by mitochondria and mitochondrial energetic metabolism in skeletal muscle under muscle-wasting conditions in cardiomyopathies have not yet been investigated in detail, and this aspect of genetic muscle diseases remains poorly characterized. This review will highlight dysregulation of mitochondrial representation and bioenergetics in specific skeletal muscle disorders caused by mutations that disrupt the structural and functional integrity of muscle cells.
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10
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Wu J, Zhao M, Li C, Zhang Y, Wang DW. The SARS-CoV-2 induced targeted amino acid profiling in patients at hospitalized and convalescent stage. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20204201. [PMID: 33625490 PMCID: PMC7955102 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has induced an ongoing global health crisis. Here we utilized a combination of targeted amino acids (AAs) and clinical biochemical profiling to analyze the plasma of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) subjects at the hospitalization stage and 1-month post-infection convalescent stage, respectively, to investigate the systematic injury during COVID-19 disease progress. We found the virus-induced inflammatory status and reduced liver synthesis capacity in hospitalized patients, which manifested with increased branched-chain AAs (BCAAs), aromatic AAs (AAAs), one-carbon related metabolites, and decreased methionine. Most of these disturbances during infection recover except for the increased levels of medium-chain acylcarnitines (ACs) in the convalescent subjects, implying the existence of incomplete fatty acids oxidation during recovery periods. Our results suggested that the imbalance of the AA profiling in COVID-19 patients. The majority of disturbed AAs recovered in 1 month. The incomplete fatty acid oxidation products suggested it might take longer time for convalescent patients to get complete recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chenze Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
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11
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Araújo de Melo Campos JT, Dantas de Medeiros JL, Cardoso de Melo ME, Alvares da Silva M, Oliveira de Sena M, Sales Craveiro Sarmento A, Fassarella Agnez Lima L, de Freitas Fregonezi GA, Gomes Lima J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and muscle dysfunction in congenital lipodystrophies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166120. [PMID: 33713793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipodystrophy syndromes are a group of rare diseases related to the pathological impairment of adipose tissue and metabolic comorbidities, including dyslipidemia, diabetes, insulin resistance, hypoleptinemia, and hypoadiponectinemia. They can be categorized as partial or generalized according to the degree of fat loss, and inherited or acquired disorders, if they are associated with genetic mutations or are related to autoimmunity, respectively. Some types of lipodystrophies have been associated with changes in both redox and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis as well as muscle dysfunction (MD). Although ER stress (ERS) has been related to muscle dysfunction (MD) in many diseases, there is no data concerning its role in lipodystrophies' muscle physiopathology. Here we focused on congenital lipodystrophies associated with ERS and MD. We also described recent advances in our understanding of the relationships among ERS, MD, and genetic lipodystrophies, highlighting the adiponectin-protective roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julliane Tamara Araújo de Melo Campos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Luiz Dantas de Medeiros
- PneumoCardioVascular Lab/HUOL, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares and Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Maria Eduarda Cardoso de Melo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Monique Alvares da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Matheus Oliveira de Sena
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Aquiles Sales Craveiro Sarmento
- Unidade de Laboratório de Análises Clínicas e Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário de Lagarto (HUL)/UFS, Lagarto, SE, Brazil
| | - Lucymara Fassarella Agnez Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Augusto de Freitas Fregonezi
- PneumoCardioVascular Lab/HUOL, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares and Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica em Reabilitação, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Josivan Gomes Lima
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes (HUOL)/UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
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12
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Ignatieva EV, Ivanova OA, Komarova MY, Khromova NV, Polev DE, Kostareva AA, Sergushichev A, Dmitrieva RI. LMNA Mutations G232E and R482L Cause Dysregulation of Skeletal Muscle Differentiation, Bioenergetics, and Metabolic Gene Expression Profile. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1057. [PMID: 32906763 PMCID: PMC7563596 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminopathies are a family of monogenic multi-system diseases resulting from mutations in the LMNA gene which include a wide range of neuromuscular disorders. Although lamins are expressed in most types of differentiated cells, LMNA mutations selectively affect only specific tissues by mechanisms that remain largely unknown. We have employed the combination of functional in vitro experiments and transcriptome analysis in order to determine how two LMNA mutations associated with different phenotypes affect skeletal muscle development and metabolism. We used a muscle differentiation model based on C2C12 mouse myoblasts genetically modified with lentivirus constructs bearing wild-type human LMNA (WT-LMNA) or R482L-LMNA/G232E-LMNA mutations, linked to familial partial lipodystrophy of the Dunnigan type and muscular dystrophy phenotype accordingly. We have shown that both G232E/R482L-LMNA mutations cause dysregulation in coordination of pathways that control cell cycle dynamics and muscle differentiation. We have also found that R482/G232E-LMNA mutations induce mitochondrial uncoupling and a decrease in glycolytic activity in differentiated myotubes. Both types of alterations may contribute to mutation-induced muscle tissue pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Ignatieva
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (E.V.I.); (O.A.I.); (M.Y.K.); (N.V.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Oksana A. Ivanova
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (E.V.I.); (O.A.I.); (M.Y.K.); (N.V.K.); (A.A.K.)
- ITMO University, Information Technologies and Programming Faculty, International Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Genomics, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Margarita Y. Komarova
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (E.V.I.); (O.A.I.); (M.Y.K.); (N.V.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Natalia V. Khromova
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (E.V.I.); (O.A.I.); (M.Y.K.); (N.V.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Dmitrii E. Polev
- Research Resource Center “Biobank”, St Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Anna A. Kostareva
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (E.V.I.); (O.A.I.); (M.Y.K.); (N.V.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Alexey Sergushichev
- ITMO University, Information Technologies and Programming Faculty, International Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Genomics, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Renata I. Dmitrieva
- National Almazov Medical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (E.V.I.); (O.A.I.); (M.Y.K.); (N.V.K.); (A.A.K.)
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13
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Simoniuk UD, Haunschild J, von Aspern K, Boschmann M, Klug L, Khachatryan Z, Bianchi E, Ossmann S, Oo AY, Borger MA, Etz CD. Near real-time bedside detection of spinal cord ischaemia during aortic repair by microdialysis of the cerebrospinal fluid. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2020; 58:629-637. [PMID: 32359065 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Spinal cord ischaemia (SCI) remains the most devastating complication after thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair. Its early detection is crucial if therapeutic interventions are to be successful. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is readily available and accessible to microdialysis (MD) capable of detecting metabolites involved in SCI [i.e. lactate, pyruvate, the lactate/pyruvate ratio (LPR), glucose and glycerol] in real time. Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of CSF MD for the real-time detection of SCI metabolites. METHODS In a combined experimental and translational approach, CSF MD was evaluated (i) in an established experimental large animal model of SCI with 2 arms: (a) after aortic cross-clamping (AXC, N = 4), simulating open TAAA repair and (b) after total segmental artery sacrifice (Th4-L5, N = 8) simulating thoracic endovascular aortic repair. The CSF was analysed utilizing MD every 15 min. Additionally, CSF was collected hourly from 6 patients undergoing open TAAA repair in a high-volume aortic reference centre and analysed using CSF MD. RESULTS In the experimental AXC group, CSF lactate increased 3-fold after 10 min and 10-fold after 60 min of SCI. Analogously, the LPR increased 5-fold by the end of the main AXC period. Average glucose levels demonstrated a 1.5-fold increase at the end of the first (preconditioning) AXC period (0.60±0.14 vs 0.97±0.32 mmol/l); however, they decreased below (to 1/3 of) baseline levels (0.60±0.14 vs 0.19±0.13 mmol/l) by the end of the experiment (after simulated distal arrest). In the experimental segmental artery sacrifice group, lactate levels doubled and the LPR increased 3.3-fold within 30 min and continued to increase steadily almost 5-fold 180 min after total segmental artery sacrifice (P < 0.05). In patients undergoing TAAA repair, lactate similarly increased 5-fold during ischaemia, reaching a maximum at 6 h postoperatively. In 2 patients with intraoperative SCI, indicated by a decrease in the motor evoked potential of >50%, the LPR increased by 200%. CONCLUSIONS CSF is widely available during and after TAAA repair, and CSF MD is feasible for detection of early anaerobic metabolites of SCI. CSF MD is a promising new tool combining bedside availability and real-time capacity to potentially enable rapid detection of imminent SCI, thereby maximizing chances to prevent permanent paraplegia in patients with TAAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula D Simoniuk
- University Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Barts Heart Centre, London, UK
| | - Josephina Haunschild
- University Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konstantin von Aspern
- University Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Boschmann
- Experimental & Clinical Research Center, a joint co-operation between Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Klug
- Experimental & Clinical Research Center, a joint co-operation between Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zara Khachatryan
- Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Edoardo Bianchi
- University Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susann Ossmann
- University Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aung Y Oo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Barts Heart Centre, London, UK
| | - Michael A Borger
- University Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian D Etz
- University Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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14
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Li Q, Liang R, Li Y, Gao Y, Li Q, Sun D, Li J. Identification of candidate genes for milk production traits by RNA sequencing on bovine liver at different lactation stages. BMC Genet 2020; 21:72. [PMID: 32646377 PMCID: PMC7346489 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-00882-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RNA-sequencing was performed to explore the bovine liver transcriptomes of Holstein cows to detect potential functional genes related to lactation and milk composition traits in dairy cattle. The bovine transcriptomes of the nine liver samples from three Holstein cows during dry period (50-d prepartum), early lactation (10-d postpartum), and peak of lactation (60-d postpartum) were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Results A total of 204, 147 and 81 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, p < 0.05, false discovery rate q < 0.05) were detected in early lactation vs. dry period, peak of lactation vs. dry period, and peak of lactation vs. early lactation comparison groups, respectively. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis showed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in specific biological processes related to metabolic and biosynthetic and signaling pathways of PPAR, AMPK and p53 (p < 0.05). Ten genes were identified as promising candidates affecting milk yield, milk protein and fat traits in dairy cattle by using an integrated analysis of differential gene expression, previously reported quantitative trait loci (QTL), data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and biological function information. These genes were APOC2, PPP1R3B, PKLR, ODC1, DUSP1, LMNA, GALE, ANGPTL4, LPIN1 and CDKN1A. Conclusion This study explored the complexity of the liver transcriptome across three lactation periods in dairy cattle by performing RNA sequencing. Integrated analysis of DEGs and reported QTL and GWAS data allowed us to find ten key candidate genes influencing milk production traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Lekai South Street, Baoding, 071001, China.,Hebei Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Ruobing Liang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yanxia Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Lekai South Street, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Qiufeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Lekai South Street, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Dongxiao Sun
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jianguo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Lekai South Street, Baoding, 071001, China.
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15
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Xu W, Zhou H, Xuan H, Saha P, Wang G, Chen W. Novel metabolic disorders in skeletal muscle of Lipodystrophic Bscl2/Seipin deficient mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 482:1-10. [PMID: 30521848 PMCID: PMC6340772 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Bscl2-/- mice recapitulate many of the major metabolic manifestations in Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 2 (BSCL2) individuals, including lipodystrophy, hepatosteatosis, muscular hypertrophy, and insulin resistance. Metabolic defects in Bscl2-/- mice with regard to glucose and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle have never been investigated. Here, we identified Bscl2-/- mice displayed reduced intramyocellular triglyceride (IMTG) content but increased glycogen storage predominantly in oxidative type I soleus muscle (SM). These changes were associated with increased incomplete fatty acid oxidation and glycogen synthesis. Interestingly, SM in Bscl2-/- mice demonstrated a fasting duration induced insulin sensitivity which was further confirmed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in SM of overnight fasted Bscl2-/- mice but reversed by raising circulating NEFA levels through intralipid infusion. Furthermore, mice with skeletal muscle-specific inactivation of BSCL2 manifested no changes in muscle deposition of lipids and glycogen, suggesting BSCL2 does not play a cell-autonomous role in muscle lipid and glucose homeostasis. Our study uncovers a novel link between muscle metabolic defects and insulin resistance, and underscores an important role of circulating NEFA in regulating oxidative muscle insulin signaling in BSCL2 lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hongyi Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hongzhuan Xuan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA; School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, 252059, PR China
| | - Pradip Saha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gongxian Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China.
| | - Weiqin Chen
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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16
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Hussain I, Patni N, Garg A. Lipodystrophies, dyslipidaemias and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Pathology 2019; 51:202-212. [PMID: 30595509 PMCID: PMC6402807 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipodystrophies are rare, heterogeneous, genetic or acquired, disorders characterised by varying degrees of body fat loss and associated metabolic complications, including insulin resistance, dyslipidaemias, hepatic steatosis and predisposition to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The four main types of lipodystrophy, excluding antiretroviral therapy-induced lipodystrophy in HIV-infected patients, are congenital generalised lipodystrophy (CGL), familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD), acquired generalised lipodystrophy (AGL) and acquired partial lipodystrophy (APL). This paper reviews the literature related to the prevalence of dyslipidaemias and ASCVD in patients with lipodystrophies. Patients with CGL, AGL and FPLD have increased prevalence of dyslipidaemia but those with APL do not. Patients with CGL as well as AGL present in childhood, and have severe dyslipidaemias (mainly hypertriglyceridaemia) and early onset diabetes mellitus as a consequence of extreme fat loss. However, only a few patients with CGL and AGL have been reported to develop coronary heart disease. In contrast, data from some small cohorts of FPLD patients reveal increased prevalence of ASCVD especially among women. Patients with APL have a relatively low prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia and diabetes mellitus. Overall, patients with lipodystrophies appear to be at high risk of ASCVD due to increased prevalence of dyslipidaemia and diabetes and efforts should be made to manage these metabolic complications aggressively to prevent ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Hussain
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nivedita Patni
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Abhimanyu Garg
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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17
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Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome-Current Status and Prospects for Gene Therapy Treatment. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020088. [PMID: 30691039 PMCID: PMC6406247 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is one of the most severe disorders among laminopathies—a heterogeneous group of genetic diseases with a molecular background based on mutations in the LMNA gene and genes coding for interacting proteins. HGPS is characterized by the presence of aging-associated symptoms, including lack of subcutaneous fat, alopecia, swollen veins, growth retardation, age spots, joint contractures, osteoporosis, cardiovascular pathology, and death due to heart attacks and strokes in childhood. LMNA codes for two major, alternatively spliced transcripts, give rise to lamin A and lamin C proteins. Mutations in the LMNA gene alone, depending on the nature and location, may result in the expression of abnormal protein or loss of protein expression and cause at least 11 disease phenotypes, differing in severity and affected tissue. LMNA gene-related HGPS is caused by a single mutation in the LMNA gene in exon 11. The mutation c.1824C > T results in activation of the cryptic donor splice site, which leads to the synthesis of progerin protein lacking 50 amino acids. The accumulation of progerin is the reason for appearance of the phenotype. In this review, we discuss current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of HGPS and provide a critical analysis of current research trends in this field. We also discuss the mouse models available so far, the current status of treatment of the disease, and future prospects for the development of efficient therapies, including gene therapy for HGPS.
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18
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Klug L, Mähler A, Rakova N, Mai K, Schulz‐Menger J, Rahn G, Busjahn A, Jordan J, Boschmann M, Luft FC. Normobaric hypoxic conditioning in men with metabolic syndrome. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13949. [PMID: 30565412 PMCID: PMC6299242 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The evidence that physical exercise lowers metabolic and cardiovascular risk is undisputed. Normobaric hypoxia training has been introduced to facilitate the effects of exercise. We tested the hypothesis that hypoxia training augments exercise-related effects. We randomized 23 men with metabolic-syndrome to single-blinded exercise at normoxia (FiO2 21%) or hypoxia (FiO2 15%). Six weeks endurance training on a treadmill, 3 days per week, over 60 min at 60% VO2 max was required. The study included the following: (1) metabolic phenotyping by indirect calorimetry and adipose and muscle tissue microdialysis to gain insight into effects on resting, postprandial, and exercise metabolism, (2) cardiac imaging, and (3) biopsies. Primary endpoint was the change in cardiorespiratory fitness; secondary endpoints were as follows: changes in body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, cardiac dimensions, and adipose and muscle tissue metabolism and gene expression. Our subjects reduced waist circumference and improved several cardiovascular risk markers including blood pressure. However, these effects were similar in both training groups. Cardiac dimensions were not influenced. We focused on glucose metabolism. After an oral glucose load, adipose tissue metabolism was significantly shifted to a more lipolytic state under hypoxia, whereas muscle metabolism was similar under both conditions. Postprandial energy expenditure was significantly increased under hypoxia, whereas activity energy expenditure was improved under normoxia. Gene expression was not consistently influenced by FiO2 . Adipose tissue triglyceride lipase, leptin, and hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha expression were increased by normoxia but not hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Klug
- Experimental & Clinical Research Center (ECRC)a joint collaboration between Max‐Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
| | - Anja Mähler
- Experimental & Clinical Research Center (ECRC)a joint collaboration between Max‐Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
| | - Natalia Rakova
- Experimental & Clinical Research Center (ECRC)a joint collaboration between Max‐Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
| | - Knut Mai
- Experimental & Clinical Research Center (ECRC)a joint collaboration between Max‐Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
- Department of Endocrinology & MetabolismCharite Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Clinical Research UnitBerlin Institute of Health (BIH)BerlinGermany
| | - Jeanette Schulz‐Menger
- Experimental & Clinical Research Center (ECRC)a joint collaboration between Max‐Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site BerlinBerlinGermany
- Department of Cardiology and NephrologyHELIOS Klinikum Berlin BuchBerlinGermany
| | - Gabriele Rahn
- Experimental & Clinical Research Center (ECRC)a joint collaboration between Max‐Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
| | - Andreas Busjahn
- Experimental & Clinical Research Center (ECRC)a joint collaboration between Max‐Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
| | - Jens Jordan
- Experimental & Clinical Research Center (ECRC)a joint collaboration between Max‐Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
- Present address:
Institut für Luft‐ und RaumfahrtmedizinDeutsches Zentrum für Luft‐ und Raumfahrt (DLR)KölnGermany
| | - Michael Boschmann
- Experimental & Clinical Research Center (ECRC)a joint collaboration between Max‐Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
| | - Friedrich C. Luft
- Experimental & Clinical Research Center (ECRC)a joint collaboration between Max‐Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
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Li H, Chen R, Cai J, Cui X, Huang N, Kan H. Short-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution and genome-wide DNA methylation: A randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 120:130-136. [PMID: 30081103 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have associated fine particulate (PM2.5) exposure with changes in gene-specific DNA methylation. However, the evidence was still limited and inconsistent in genome-wide DNA methylation. OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of short-term PM2.5 exposure on genome-wide DNA methylation. METHODS We designed a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial among 36 healthy young adults in Shanghai, China. A two-stage intervention with alternative use of real and sham air purifiers in dormitory rooms for consecutive 9 days were conducted to create natural low and high exposure scenarios of PM2.5. Blood genome-wide DNA methylation was analyzed using the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation EPIC BeadChip (850k). Mixed-effect models were used to evaluate the impacts of changes in PM2.5 levels on genome-wide DNA methylation. RESULTS There was a drastic contrast for PM2.5 exposure levels in the two scenarios (24-h averages: 53.1 and 24.3 μg/m3). Between the high and low exposure groups, methylation levels were changed significantly with a false discovery rate < 0.01 at 49 CpG loci, of which 31 CpG sites were annotated to the specific genes. DNA methylation of these annotated genes were elevated in response to increased PM2.5 exposure, which were implicated in insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, platelet activation, and cell survival and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results provided novel biological pathways linking ambient PM2.5 exposure to systemic adverse response through variations in DNA methylation and reinforced the hypothesized role of epigenetics in the development of cardiometabolic diseases induced by PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichu Li
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Unilever Research and Development Centre, Shanghai, Shanghai 200335, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Unilever Research and Development Centre, Shanghai, Shanghai 200335, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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20
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Perez-Alcantara M, Honoré C, Wesolowska-Andersen A, Gloyn AL, McCarthy MI, Hansson M, Beer NL, van de Bunt M. Patterns of differential gene expression in a cellular model of human islet development, and relationship to type 2 diabetes predisposition. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1614-1622. [PMID: 29675560 PMCID: PMC6354904 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Most type 2 diabetes-associated genetic variants identified via genome-wide association studies (GWASs) appear to act via the pancreatic islet. Observed defects in insulin secretion could result from an impact of these variants on islet development and/or the function of mature islets. Most functional studies have focused on the latter, given limitations regarding access to human fetal islet tissue. Capitalising upon advances in in vitro differentiation, we characterised the transcriptomes of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines differentiated along the pancreatic endocrine lineage, and explored the contribution of altered islet development to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. METHODS We performed whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing of human iPSC lines from three independent donors, at baseline and at seven subsequent stages during in vitro islet differentiation. Differentially expressed genes (q < 0.01, log2 fold change [FC] > 1) were assigned to the stages at which they were most markedly upregulated. We used these data to characterise upstream transcription factors directing different stages of development, and to explore the relationship between RNA expression profiles and genes mapping to type 2 diabetes GWAS signals. RESULTS We identified 9409 differentially expressed genes across all stages, including many known markers of islet development. Integration of differential expression data with information on transcription factor motifs highlighted the potential contribution of REST to islet development. Over 70% of genes mapping within type 2 diabetes-associated credible intervals showed peak differential expression during islet development, and type 2 diabetes GWAS loci of largest effect (including TCF7L2; log2FC = 1.2; q = 8.5 × 10-10) were notably enriched in genes differentially expressed at the posterior foregut stage (q = 0.002), as calculated by gene set enrichment analyses. In a complementary analysis of enrichment, genes differentially expressed in the final, beta-like cell stage of in vitro differentiation were significantly enriched (hypergeometric test, permuted p value <0.05) for genes within the credible intervals of type 2 diabetes GWAS loci. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The present study characterises RNA expression profiles during human islet differentiation, identifies potential transcriptional regulators of the differentiation process, and suggests that the inherited predisposition to type 2 diabetes is partly mediated through modulation of islet development. DATA AVAILABILITY Sequence data for this study has been deposited at the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA), under accession number EGAS00001002721.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Honoré
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | - Anna L Gloyn
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Mattias Hansson
- Department of Stem Cell Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Nicola L Beer
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK.
| | - Martijn van de Bunt
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
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21
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Gupta N, Asi N, Farah W, Almasri J, Barrionuevo P, Alsawas M, Wang Z, Haymond MW, Brown RJ, Murad MH. Clinical Features and Management of Non-HIV-Related Lipodystrophy in Children: A Systematic Review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:363-374. [PMID: 27967300 PMCID: PMC6283440 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lipodystrophy syndromes are characterized by generalized or partial absence of adipose tissue. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review to synthesize data on clinical and metabolic features of lipodystrophy (age at onset, < 18 years). DATA SOURCE Sources included Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Non-Indexed Citations from inception through January 2016. STUDY SELECTION Search terms included lipodystrophy, and age 0 to 18 years. Patients with unambiguous diagnosis of lipodystrophy were included. Lipodystrophy secondary to HIV treatment was excluded. DATA SYNTHESIS We identified 1141 patients from 351 studies. Generalized fat loss involving face, neck, abdomen, thorax, and upper and lower limbs was explicitly reported in 65% to 93% of patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) and acquired generalized lipodystrophy (AGL). In familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL), fat loss occurred from upper and lower limbs, with sparing of face and neck. In acquired partial lipodystrophy (APL), upper limbs were involved while lower limbs were spared. Other features were prominent musculature, acromegaloid, acanthosis nigricans and hepatosplenomegaly. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 48% (n = 222) of patients with CGL (mean age at onset, 5.3 years). Hypertriglyceridemia was observed in CGL, AGL and FPL. Multiple interventions were used, with most patients receiving ≥ 3 interventions and being ≥ 18 years of age at the initiation of interventions. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the largest reported pooled database describing lipodystrophy patients with age at onset < 18 years. We have suggested core and supportive clinical features and summarized data on available interventions, outcomes and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Gupta
- Evidence-Based Practice Center and
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Noor Asi
- Evidence-Based Practice Center and
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Morey W Haymond
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and
| | - Rebecca J Brown
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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22
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Costa SMR, Isganaitis E, Matthews TJ, Hughes K, Daher G, Dreyfuss JM, da Silva GAP, Patti ME. Maternal obesity programs mitochondrial and lipid metabolism gene expression in infant umbilical vein endothelial cells. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1627-1634. [PMID: 27531045 PMCID: PMC5101152 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Maternal obesity increases risk for childhood obesity, but molecular mechanisms are not well understood. We hypothesized that primary umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) from infants of overweight and obese mothers would harbor transcriptional patterns reflecting offspring obesity risk. SUBJECTS/METHODS In this observational cohort study, we recruited 13 lean (pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) <25.0 kg m-2) and 24 overweight-obese ('ov-ob', BMI⩾25.0 kg m-2) women. We isolated primary HUVEC, and analyzed both gene expression (Primeview, Affymetrix) and cord blood levels of hormones and adipokines. RESULTS A total of 142 transcripts were differentially expressed in HUVEC from infants of overweight-obese mothers (false discovery rate, FDR<0.05). Pathway analysis revealed that genes involved in mitochondrial and lipid metabolism were negatively correlated with maternal BMI (FDR<0.05). To test whether these transcriptomic patterns were associated with distinct nutrient exposures in the setting of maternal obesity, we analyzed the cord blood lipidome and noted significant increases in the levels of total free fatty acids (lean: 95.5±37.1 μg ml-1, ov-ob: 124.1±46.0 μg ml-1, P=0.049), palmitate (lean: 34.5±12.7 μg ml-1, ov-ob: 46.3±18.4 μg ml-1, P=0.03) and stearate (lean: 20.8±8.2 μg ml-1, ov-ob: 29.7±17.2 μg ml-1, P=0.04), in infants of overweight-obese mothers. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to maternal obesity alters HUVEC expression of genes involved in mitochondrial and lipid metabolism, potentially reflecting developmentally programmed differences in oxidative and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M R Costa
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Isganaitis
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T J Matthews
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Hughes
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Daher
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J M Dreyfuss
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G A P da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - M-E Patti
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Kase ET, Feng YZ, Badin PM, Bakke SS, Laurens C, Coue M, Langin D, Gaster M, Thoresen GH, Rustan AC, Moro C. Primary defects in lipolysis and insulin action in skeletal muscle cells from type 2 diabetic individuals. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1194-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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24
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Caldas D, Silva Júnior WSD, Simonetti JP, Costa EVD, Farias MLFD. [Biochemical, hormonal and genetic evaluation of the families of two Brazilian patients with type 2 familial partial lipodystrophy]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 57:583-93. [PMID: 24343626 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302013000800002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate clinical, biochemical, hormonal and genetic characteristics of relatives of two patients with familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) type 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty subjects, members of two non-related Brazilian families from two different probands with FPLD phenotype, were evaluated. A mutation in exon 8 of LMNA gene was confirmed in 18 of them, and a heterozygous substitution at codon 482 was identified, predicting a p.R482W mutation. Based on the presence or absence of the mutation, subjects were classified in affected and unaffected, and compared in terms of clinical, biochemical and hormonal parameters. RESULTS Affected subjects were 2.8 times more likely to manifest diabetes and PCOS, higher HOMA-IR, insulin and triglyceride levels, and lower levels of leptin. These changes preceded the onset of diabetes, because they were observed in diabetic and non-diabetic affected patients. A phenotypic heterogeneity was found among mutation carriers. CONCLUSION A mutation in the LMNA gene is a determinant of clinical, biochemical and hormonal changes that imply in metabolic deterioration in mutation carriers.
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25
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Springer J, Schust S, Peske K, Tschirner A, Rex A, Engel O, Scherbakov N, Meisel A, von Haehling S, Boschmann M, Anker SD, Dirnagl U, Doehner W. Catabolic signaling and muscle wasting after acute ischemic stroke in mice: indication for a stroke-specific sarcopenia. Stroke 2014; 45:3675-83. [PMID: 25352483 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.006258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Muscle wasting is a common complication accompanying stroke. Although it is known to impair poststroke recovery, the mechanisms of subacute catabolism after stroke have not been investigated in detail. The aim of this study is to investigate mechanisms of local and systemic catabolism and muscle wasting (sarcopenia) in a model of ischemic stroke systematically. METHODS Changes in body composition and catabolic activation in muscle tissue were studied in a mouse model of acute cerebral ischemia (temporal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery). Tissue wasting (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), tissue catabolism (caspases-3 and -6, myostatin), and proteasome activity were assessed. Food intake, activity levels, and energy expenditure were assessed, and putative mechanisms of postischemic wasting were tested with appropriate interventions. RESULTS Severe weight loss in stroke animals (day 3: weight loss, -21.7%) encompassed wasting of muscle (-12%; skeletal and myocardium) and fat tissue (-27%). Catabolic signaling and proteasome activity were higher in stroke animals in the contralateral and in the ipsilateral leg. Cerebral infarct severity correlated with catabolic activity only in the contralateral leg but not in the ipsilateral leg. Lower energy expenditure in stroke animals together with normal food intake and activity levels suggests compensatory mechanisms to regain weight. Interventions (high caloric feeding, β-receptor blockade, and antibiotic treatment) failed to prevent proteolytic activation and muscle wasting. CONCLUSIONS Catabolic pathways of muscle tissue are activated after stroke. Impaired feeding, sympathetic overactivation, or infection cannot fully explain this catabolic activation. Wasting of the target muscle of the disrupted innervation correlated to severity of brain injury. Our data indicate the presence of a stroke-specific sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Springer
- From the Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany (J.S., S.v.H., S.D.A.); Centre for Stroke Research Berlin (S.S., K.P., A.R., N.S., U.D., W.D.), Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology, Virchow-Klinikum (A.T., S.v.H., S.D.A.), Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (A.R., O.E., A.M., U.D.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (A.M.), and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (M.B.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and German Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (DZHK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany (U.D., W.D.)
| | - Susanne Schust
- From the Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany (J.S., S.v.H., S.D.A.); Centre for Stroke Research Berlin (S.S., K.P., A.R., N.S., U.D., W.D.), Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology, Virchow-Klinikum (A.T., S.v.H., S.D.A.), Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (A.R., O.E., A.M., U.D.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (A.M.), and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (M.B.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and German Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (DZHK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany (U.D., W.D.)
| | - Katrin Peske
- From the Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany (J.S., S.v.H., S.D.A.); Centre for Stroke Research Berlin (S.S., K.P., A.R., N.S., U.D., W.D.), Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology, Virchow-Klinikum (A.T., S.v.H., S.D.A.), Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (A.R., O.E., A.M., U.D.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (A.M.), and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (M.B.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and German Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (DZHK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany (U.D., W.D.)
| | - Anika Tschirner
- From the Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany (J.S., S.v.H., S.D.A.); Centre for Stroke Research Berlin (S.S., K.P., A.R., N.S., U.D., W.D.), Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology, Virchow-Klinikum (A.T., S.v.H., S.D.A.), Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (A.R., O.E., A.M., U.D.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (A.M.), and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (M.B.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and German Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (DZHK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany (U.D., W.D.)
| | - Andre Rex
- From the Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany (J.S., S.v.H., S.D.A.); Centre for Stroke Research Berlin (S.S., K.P., A.R., N.S., U.D., W.D.), Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology, Virchow-Klinikum (A.T., S.v.H., S.D.A.), Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (A.R., O.E., A.M., U.D.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (A.M.), and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (M.B.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and German Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (DZHK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany (U.D., W.D.)
| | - Odilo Engel
- From the Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany (J.S., S.v.H., S.D.A.); Centre for Stroke Research Berlin (S.S., K.P., A.R., N.S., U.D., W.D.), Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology, Virchow-Klinikum (A.T., S.v.H., S.D.A.), Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (A.R., O.E., A.M., U.D.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (A.M.), and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (M.B.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and German Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (DZHK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany (U.D., W.D.)
| | - Nadja Scherbakov
- From the Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany (J.S., S.v.H., S.D.A.); Centre for Stroke Research Berlin (S.S., K.P., A.R., N.S., U.D., W.D.), Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology, Virchow-Klinikum (A.T., S.v.H., S.D.A.), Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (A.R., O.E., A.M., U.D.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (A.M.), and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (M.B.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and German Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (DZHK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany (U.D., W.D.)
| | - Andreas Meisel
- From the Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany (J.S., S.v.H., S.D.A.); Centre for Stroke Research Berlin (S.S., K.P., A.R., N.S., U.D., W.D.), Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology, Virchow-Klinikum (A.T., S.v.H., S.D.A.), Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (A.R., O.E., A.M., U.D.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (A.M.), and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (M.B.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and German Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (DZHK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany (U.D., W.D.)
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- From the Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany (J.S., S.v.H., S.D.A.); Centre for Stroke Research Berlin (S.S., K.P., A.R., N.S., U.D., W.D.), Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology, Virchow-Klinikum (A.T., S.v.H., S.D.A.), Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (A.R., O.E., A.M., U.D.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (A.M.), and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (M.B.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and German Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (DZHK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany (U.D., W.D.)
| | - Michael Boschmann
- From the Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany (J.S., S.v.H., S.D.A.); Centre for Stroke Research Berlin (S.S., K.P., A.R., N.S., U.D., W.D.), Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology, Virchow-Klinikum (A.T., S.v.H., S.D.A.), Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (A.R., O.E., A.M., U.D.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (A.M.), and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (M.B.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and German Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (DZHK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany (U.D., W.D.)
| | - Stefan D Anker
- From the Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany (J.S., S.v.H., S.D.A.); Centre for Stroke Research Berlin (S.S., K.P., A.R., N.S., U.D., W.D.), Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology, Virchow-Klinikum (A.T., S.v.H., S.D.A.), Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (A.R., O.E., A.M., U.D.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (A.M.), and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (M.B.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and German Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (DZHK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany (U.D., W.D.)
| | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- From the Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany (J.S., S.v.H., S.D.A.); Centre for Stroke Research Berlin (S.S., K.P., A.R., N.S., U.D., W.D.), Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology, Virchow-Klinikum (A.T., S.v.H., S.D.A.), Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (A.R., O.E., A.M., U.D.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (A.M.), and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (M.B.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and German Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (DZHK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany (U.D., W.D.)
| | - Wolfram Doehner
- From the Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany (J.S., S.v.H., S.D.A.); Centre for Stroke Research Berlin (S.S., K.P., A.R., N.S., U.D., W.D.), Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology, Virchow-Klinikum (A.T., S.v.H., S.D.A.), Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (A.R., O.E., A.M., U.D.), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (A.M.), and Experimental and Clinical Research Center (M.B.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and German Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (DZHK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany (U.D., W.D.).
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Increased Catabolic State in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1 Patients. THE CEREBELLUM 2014; 13:440-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12311-014-0555-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Feng YZ, Nikolić N, Bakke SS, Boekschoten MV, Kersten S, Kase ET, Rustan AC, Thoresen GH. PPARδ activation in human myotubes increases mitochondrial fatty acid oxidative capacity and reduces glucose utilization by a switch in substrate preference. Arch Physiol Biochem 2014; 120:12-21. [PMID: 23991827 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2013.829105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) activation on global gene expression and mitochondrial fuel utilization were investigated in human myotubes. Only 21 genes were up-regulated and 3 genes were down-regulated after activation by the PPARδ agonist GW501516. Pathway analysis showed up-regulated mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, TCA cycle and cholesterol biosynthesis. GW501516 increased oleic acid oxidation and mitochondrial oxidative capacity by 2-fold. Glucose uptake and oxidation were reduced, but total substrate oxidation was not affected, indicating a fuel switch from glucose to fatty acid. Cholesterol biosynthesis was increased, but lipid biosynthesis and mitochondrial content were not affected. This study confirmed that the principal effect of PPARδ activation was to increase mitochondrial fatty acid oxidative capacity. Our results further suggest that PPARδ activation reduced glucose utilization through a switch in mitochondrial substrate preference by up-regulating pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 4 and genes involved in lipid metabolism and fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Z Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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Oldenburg AR, Delbarre E, Thiede B, Vigouroux C, Collas P. Deregulation of Fragile X-related protein 1 by the lipodystrophic lamin A p.R482W mutation elicits a myogenic gene expression program in preadipocytes. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:1151-62. [PMID: 24108105 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamina is implicated in the regulation of various nuclear functions. Several laminopathy-causing mutations in the LMNA gene, notably the p.R482W substitution linked to familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 (FPLD2), are clustered in the immunoglobulin fold of lamin A. We report a functional association between lamin A and fragile X-related protein 1 (FXR1P), a protein of the fragile X-related family involved in fragile X syndrome. Searching for proteins differentially interacting with the immunoglobulin fold of wild-type and R482W mutant lamin A, we identify FXR1P as a novel component of the lamin A protein network. The p.R482W mutation abrogates interaction of FXR1P with lamin A. Fibroblasts from FPLD2 patients display elevated levels of FXR1P and delocalized FXR1P. In human adipocyte progenitors, deregulation of lamin A expression leads to FXR1P up-regulation, impairment of adipogenic differentiation and induction of myogenin expression. FXR1P overexpression also stimulates a myogenic gene expression program in these cells. Our results demonstrate a cross-talk between proteins hitherto implicated in two distinct mesodermal pathologies. We propose a model where the FPLD2 lamin A p.R482W mutation elicits, through up-regulation of FXR1P, a remodeling of an adipogenic differentiation program into a myogenic program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja R Oldenburg
- Stem Cell Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1112, Blindern, Oslo 0317, Norway
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Ji H, Weatherall P, Adams-Huet B, Garg A. Increased skeletal muscle volume in women with familial partial lipodystrophy, Dunnigan variety. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:E1410-3. [PMID: 23783098 PMCID: PMC3733861 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Familial partial lipodystrophy, Dunnigan variety (FPLD), an autosomal dominant disorder caused by LMNA mutations, is characterized by fat loss from the extremities. However, it is unclear whether these patients appear muscular because of a lack of subcutaneous fat or have an actual increase in muscle mass. Therefore, we compared muscle mass and volume of selected muscles in women with FPLD and control subjects using dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS Whole-body axial MRI and DXA scans were obtained on 39 women, aged 18 to 65 years, with FPLD and 17 healthy women matched for body mass index and age (group 1). Volumes of muscles in both the thighs, calves, and psoas were calculated from MRI scans and muscle mass in extremities were calculated from DXA. In addition, abdominal MRI and DXA scans were analyzed from 129 healthy, frequency-matched women (group 2). Comparisons between women with FPLD and control subjects were made using ANOVA, adjusting for height, body mass index, and age. RESULTS Patients with FPLD, compared with control subjects had significantly greater volumes of the thigh muscles, (6358 ± 1491 vs 5198 ± 716 mL, P = .002), calf muscles (3133 ± 713 vs 2397 ± 335 mL; P < .001), and psoas muscles (210 ± 51 vs 175 ± 34 [group 1] and 165 ± 38 mL [group 2], P < .001). Patients with FPLD also had significantly increased arm and leg muscle masses when measured by DXA (P < .001). Insulin sensitivity, assessed by insulin tolerance tests, was negatively correlated to the calf muscle volume. CONCLUSIONS Female patients with FPLD have increased skeletal muscle volume and mass compared with those of normal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhao Ji
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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Weber-Carstens S, Schneider J, Wollersheim T, Assmann A, Bierbrauer J, Marg A, Al Hasani H, Chadt A, Wenzel K, Koch S, Fielitz J, Kleber C, Faust K, Mai K, Spies CD, Luft FC, Boschmann M, Spranger J, Spuler S. Critical illness myopathy and GLUT4: significance of insulin and muscle contraction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 187:387-96. [PMID: 23239154 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201209-1649oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Critical illness myopathy (CIM) has no known cause and no treatment. Immobilization and impaired glucose metabolism are implicated. OBJECTIVES We assessed signal transduction in skeletal muscle of patients at risk for CIM. We also investigated the effects of evoked muscle contraction. METHODS In a prospective observational and interventional pilot study, we screened 874 mechanically ventilated patients with a sepsis-related organ-failure assessment score greater than or equal to 8 for 3 consecutive days in the first 5 days of intensive care unit stay. Thirty patients at risk for CIM underwent euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, muscle microdialysis studies, and muscle biopsies. Control subjects were healthy. In five additional patients at risk for CIM, we performed corresponding analyses after 12-day, daily, unilateral electrical muscle stimulation with the contralateral leg as control. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We performed successive muscle biopsies and assessed systemic insulin sensitivity and signal transduction pathways of glucose utilization at the mRNA and protein level and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) localization in skeletal muscle tissue. Skeletal muscle GLUT4 was trapped at perinuclear spaces, most pronounced in patients with CIM, but resided at the sarcolemma in control subjects. Glucose metabolism was not stimulated during euglycemic-hyperinsulinergic clamp. Insulin signal transduction was competent up to p-Akt activation; however, p-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) was not detectable in CIM muscle. Electrical muscle stimulation increased p-AMPK, repositioned GLUT4, locally improved glucose metabolism, and prevented type-2 fiber atrophy. CONCLUSIONS Insufficient GLUT4 translocation results in decreased glucose supply in patients with CIM. Failed AMPK activation is involved. Evoked muscle contraction may prevent muscle-specific AMPK failure, restore GLUT4 disposition, and diminish protein breakdown. Clinical trial registered with http://www.controlled-trials.com (registration number ISRCTN77569430).
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Weber-Carstens
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Bosma M, Hesselink MK, Sparks LM, Timmers S, Ferraz MJ, Mattijssen F, van Beurden D, Schaart G, de Baets MH, Verheyen FK, Kersten S, Schrauwen P. Perilipin 2 improves insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle despite elevated intramuscular lipid levels. Diabetes 2012; 61:2679-90. [PMID: 22807032 PMCID: PMC3478528 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by excessive lipid storage in skeletal muscle. Excessive intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) storage exceeds intracellular needs and induces lipotoxic events, ultimately contributing to the development of insulin resistance. Lipid droplet (LD)-coating proteins may control proper lipid storage in skeletal muscle. Perilipin 2 (PLIN2/adipose differentiation-related protein [ADRP]) is one of the most abundantly expressed LD-coating proteins in skeletal muscle. Here we examined the role of PLIN2 in myocellular lipid handling and insulin sensitivity by investigating the effects of in vitro PLIN2 knockdown and in vitro and in vivo overexpression. PLIN2 knockdown decreased LD formation and triacylglycerol (TAG) storage, marginally increased fatty-acid (FA) oxidation, and increased incorporation of palmitate into diacylglycerols and phospholipids. PLIN2 overexpression in vitro increased intramyocellular TAG storage paralleled with improved insulin sensitivity. In vivo muscle-specific PLIN2 overexpression resulted in increased LD accumulation and blunted the high-fat diet-induced increase in protein content of the subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) chain. Diacylglycerol levels were unchanged, whereas ceramide levels were increased. Despite the increased IMCL accumulation, PLIN2 overexpression improved skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. We conclude that PLIN2 is essential for lipid storage in skeletal muscle by enhancing the partitioning of excess FAs toward TAG storage in LDs, thereby blunting lipotoxicity-associated insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleen Bosma
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology, and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K.C. Hesselink
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology, and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lauren M. Sparks
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology, and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Silvie Timmers
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology, and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria João Ferraz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frits Mattijssen
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Denis van Beurden
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology, and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Schaart
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology, and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marc H. de Baets
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Fons K. Verheyen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology, and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author: Patrick Schrauwen,
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Mähler A, Steiniger J, Bock M, Brandt AU, Haas V, Boschmann M, Paul F. Is metabolic flexibility altered in multiple sclerosis patients? PLoS One 2012; 7:e43675. [PMID: 22952735 PMCID: PMC3429505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Metabolic flexibility is defined as ability to adjust fuel oxidation to fuel availability. Multiple sclerosis (MS) results in reduced muscle strength and exercise intolerance. We tested the hypothesis that altered metabolic flexibility contributes to exercise intolerance in MS patients. Methods We studied 16 patients (all on glatiramer) and 16 matched healthy controls. Energy expenditure (EE), and carbohydrate (COX) and lipid oxidation (LOX) rates were determined by calorimetry, before and after an oral glucose load. We made measurements either at rest (canopy device) or during 40 min low-grade (0.5 W/kg) exercise (metabolic chamber). We also obtained plasma, and adipose tissue and skeletal muscle dialysate samples by microdialysis to study tissue-level metabolism under resting conditions. Results At rest, fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid levels did not differ between patients and controls. Fasting and postprandial COX was higher and LOX lower in patients. In adipose, fasting and postprandial dialysate glucose, lactate, and glycerol levels were higher in patients vs. controls. In muscle, fasting and postprandial dialysate metabolite levels did not differ significantly between the groups. During exercise, EE did not differ between the groups. However, COX increased sharply over 20 min in patients, without reaching a steady state, followed by an immediate decrease within the next 20 min and fell even below basal levels after exercise in patients, compared to controls. Conclusions Glucose tolerance is not impaired in MS patients. At rest, there is no indication for metabolic inflexibility or mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle. The increased adipose tissue lipolytic activity might result from glatiramer treatment. Autonomic dysfunction might cause dysregulation of postprandial thermogenesis at rest and lipid mobilization during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Mähler
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation between the Charité University Medicine Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Steiniger
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation between the Charité University Medicine Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Bock
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation between the Charité University Medicine Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander U. Brandt
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Haas
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation between the Charité University Medicine Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Boschmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation between the Charité University Medicine Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation between the Charité University Medicine Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Magagnotti C, Bachi A, Zerbini G, Fattore E, Fermo I, Riba M, Previtali SC, Ferrari M, Andolfo A, Benedetti S. Protein profiling reveals energy metabolism and cytoskeletal protein alterations in LMNA mutation carriers. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:970-9. [PMID: 22326558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear envelope-related muscular dystrophies, in particular those referred to as laminopathies, are relatively novel and unclear diseases, also considering the increasing number of mutations identified so far in genes of the nuclear envelope. As regard LMNA gene, only tentative relations between phenotype, type and localization of the mutations have been established in striated muscle diseases, while laminopathies affecting adipose tissue, peripheral nerves or progerioid syndromes could be linked to specific genetic variants. This study describes the biochemical phenotype of neuromuscular laminopathies in samples derived from LMNA mutant patients. Since it has been reported that nuclear alterations, due to LMNA defects, are present also in fibroblasts from Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and familial partial lipodystrophy patients, we analyzed 2D-maps of skin fibroblasts of patients carrying 12 different LMNA mutations spread along the entire gene. To recognize distinctive proteins underlying affected biochemical pathways, we compared them with fibroblasts from healthy controls and, more importantly, fibroblasts from patients with non-lamin related neuromuscular disorders. We found less abundance of cytoskeletal/structural proteins, confirming a dominant role for Lamin A/C in structural support of nuclear architecture. Interestingly, we also established significant changes in the expression of proteins involved in cellular energy production and oxidative stress response. To our knowledge, this is the first report where proteomics was applied to characterize ex-vivo cells from LMNA patients, suggesting that this may represent a new approach to better understand the molecular mechanisms of these rare diseases and facilitate the development of novel therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Magagnotti
- ProMiFa, Protein Microsequencing Facility, Division of Cell Biology and Genetics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
This chapter focuses on the three-dimensional organization of the nucleus in normal, early genomically unstable, and tumor cells. A cause-consequence relationship is discussed between nuclear alterations and the resulting genomic rearrangements. Examples are presented from studies on conditional Myc deregulation, experimental tumorigenesis in mouse plasmacytoma, nuclear remodeling in Hodgkin's lymphoma, and in adult glioblastoma. A model of nuclear remodeling is proposed for cancer progression in multiple myeloma. Current models of nuclear remodeling are described, including our model of altered nuclear architecture and the onset of genomic instability.
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Saini-Chohan HK, Mitchell RW, Vaz FM, Zelinski T, Hatch GM. Delineating the role of alterations in lipid metabolism to the pathogenesis of inherited skeletal and cardiac muscle disorders: Thematic Review Series: Genetics of Human Lipid Diseases. J Lipid Res 2011; 53:4-27. [PMID: 22065858 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r012120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As the specific composition of lipids is essential for the maintenance of membrane integrity, enzyme function, ion channels, and membrane receptors, an alteration in lipid composition or metabolism may be one of the crucial changes occurring during skeletal and cardiac myopathies. Although the inheritance (autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked traits) and underlying/defining mutations causing these myopathies are known, the contribution of lipid homeostasis in the progression of these diseases needs to be established. The purpose of this review is to present the current knowledge relating to lipid changes in inherited skeletal muscle disorders, such as Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy, myotonic muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle myopathic dystrophies, desminopathies, rostrocaudal muscular dystrophy, and Dunnigan-type familial lipodystrophy. The lipid modifications in familial hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies, as well as Barth syndrome and several other cardiac disorders associated with abnormal lipid storage, are discussed. Information on lipid alterations occurring in these myopathies will aid in the design of improved methods of screening and therapy in children and young adults with or without a family history of genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjot K Saini-Chohan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ciudin A, Baena-Fustegueras JA, Fort JM, Encabo G, Mesa J, Lecube A. Successful treatment for the Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2011; 75:403-4. [PMID: 21521325 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Skeletal muscle phosphodiester content relates to body mass and glycemic control. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21846. [PMID: 21779337 PMCID: PMC3136462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aging and insulin resistance have been related to reduced mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. Muscular phosphodiesters (PDE) are comprised of metabolites of phospholipid breakdown and may reflect membrane damage. We aimed to test the hypothesis that myocellular PDE are increased in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and correlate inversely with mitochondrial ATP turnover. Methods A Cross-sectional study in the Clinical Research Facility of an University hospital was performed. 10 nonobese middle-aged patients with T2D, 10 healthy humans matched for sex, age and physical activity index (CONm) and 18 young healthy humans (CONy) were included. Myocellular PDE and unidirectional flux through ATP synthase (fATP) were measured with 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Intramyocellular (IMCL) and hepatocellular lipid deposition (HCL) were quantified with 1H MRS. Insulin sensitivity (Rd) was assessed from hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp tests in 10 T2D, 10 CONm and 11 CONy. Results During fasting, T2D and CONm had 1.5 fold greater PDE than CONy (2.8±0.2, 2.5±0.2, 1.7±0.1 mmol/l, P = 0.004). Stimulation by insulin did not affect PDE in any group. PDE correlated negatively with Rd (r = −0.552, p<0.005) and fATP (r = −0.396, p<0.05) and positively with age (r = 0.656, p<0.001) and body mass (r = 0.597, p<0.001). PDE also related positively to HbA1c (r = 0.674, p<0.001) and fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.629, p<0.001) within T2D and across all participants. Conclusions Muscular PDE concentrations associate with age, lower resting mitochondrial activity and insulin resistance, which is determined mainly by body mass and glycemia.
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Sparks LM, Moro C, Ukropcova B, Bajpeyi S, Civitarese AE, Hulver MW, Thoresen GH, Rustan AC, Smith SR. Remodeling lipid metabolism and improving insulin responsiveness in human primary myotubes. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21068. [PMID: 21760887 PMCID: PMC3132732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Disturbances in lipid metabolism are strongly associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We hypothesized that activation of cAMP/PKA and calcium signaling pathways in cultured human myotubes would provide further insight into regulation of lipid storage, lipolysis, lipid oxidation and insulin responsiveness. Methods Human myoblasts were isolated from vastus lateralis, purified, cultured and differentiated into myotubes. All cells were incubated with palmitate during differentiation. Treatment cells were pulsed 1 hour each day with forskolin and ionomycin (PFI) during the final 3 days of differentiation to activate the cAMP/PKA and calcium signaling pathways. Control cells were not pulsed (control). Mitochondrial content, 14C lipid oxidation and storage were measured, as well as lipolysis and insulin-stimulated glycogen storage. Myotubes were stained for lipids and gene expression measured. Results PFI increased oxidation of oleate and palmitate to CO2 (p<0.001), isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis (p = 0.01), triacylglycerol (TAG) storage (p<0.05) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (p = 0.01) and related enzyme activities. Candidate gene and microarray analysis revealed increased expression of genes involved in lipolysis, TAG synthesis and mitochondrial biogenesis. PFI increased the organization of lipid droplets along the myofibrillar apparatus. These changes in lipid metabolism were associated with an increase in insulin-mediated glycogen storage (p<0.001). Conclusions Activation of cAMP/PKA and calcium signaling pathways in myotubes induces a remodeling of lipid droplets and functional changes in lipid metabolism. These results provide a novel pharmacological approach to promote lipid metabolism and improve insulin responsiveness in myotubes, which may be of therapeutic importance for obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Sparks
- Molecular and Experimental Endocrinology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Cedric Moro
- Molecular and Experimental Endocrinology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Barbara Ukropcova
- Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Sudip Bajpeyi
- Molecular and Experimental Endocrinology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Anthony E. Civitarese
- Department of Metabolic Physiology, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Matthew W. Hulver
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - G. Hege Thoresen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild C. Rustan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steven R. Smith
- Molecular and Experimental Endocrinology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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