1
|
Wilkinson GS, Adams DM, Rayner JG. Sex, season, age and status influence urinary steroid hormone profiles in an extremely polygynous neotropical bat. Horm Behav 2024; 164:105606. [PMID: 39059233 PMCID: PMC11330717 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Several polygynous mammals exhibit reproductive skew in which only a few males reproduce. Successful males need strength, stamina and fighting ability to exclude competitors. Consequently, during the mating season their androgens and glucocorticoids are expected to increase to support spermatogenesis and aggressive behavior. But, during the nonmating season these hormones should decline to minimize deleterious effects, such as reduced immune function. Bats that exhibit harem polygyny in which males aggressively defend large groups of females year-round are ideal for assessing hormonal and other consequences of extreme polygyny. Here we use DNA methylation to estimate age and gas chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry to profile steroid metabolites in urine of wild greater spear-nosed bats, Phyllostomus hastatus, across seasons. We find that condition, measured by relative weight, is lower during the mating season for both sexes, although it remains high in harem males during the mating season. Average age of females is greater than males, and females exhibit substantial seasonal differences in androgens, estrogens and glucocorticoids with higher levels of all hormones during the mating season. Males, however, show little seasonal differences but substantial age-associated increases in most steroid metabolites. Harem males have larger, persistently scrotal testes and are older than bachelor males. While cortisone generally declines with age, harem males maintain higher amounts of biologically active cortisol than bachelor males all year and cortisol levels increase more quickly in response to restraint in males than in females. Taken together, these results suggest that attaining reproductive dominance requires hormone levels that reduce lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle M Adams
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Jack G Rayner
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Heitaku S, Sasase T, Sotani T, Maki M, Kawai T, Morinaga H, Nishiu J. JTT-654, an 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor, improves hypertension and diabetic kidney injury by suppressing angiotensinogen production. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 154:246-255. [PMID: 38485342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) plays an important role in regulating the expression of glucocorticoid actions in target tissues. Overexpression of 11β-HSD1 in mouse adipose tissue causes a metabolic syndrome-like phenotype, leading to hypertension. Although, many 11β-HSD1 inhibitors have been studied, few have shown a clear ameliorative effect against hypertension. We investigated whether JTT-654, a novel 11β-HSD1 inhibitor, ameliorated hypertension and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. JTT-654 showed inhibitory effects on angiotensinogen production in cortisone-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in a rat model. JTT-654 improved hypertension not only in cortisone-treated rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), but also in SHR/NDmcr-cp rats. In the SHR study, JTT-654 and losartan showed the same degree of antihypertensive efficacy. In addition, JTT-654 ameliorated diabetic nephropathy by suppressing renal angiotensinogen production in SHR/NDmcr-cp rats. These effects of JTT-654 were independent of its insulin-sensitizing effects, and similar effects were not observed for pioglitazone, an insulin sensitizer. Moreover, JTT-654 did not affect normotension or hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function in normal Sprague-Dawley rats. Our results indicate that JTT-654 ameliorates hypertension and diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting 11β-HSD1 in the adipose tissue, liver, and kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Heitaku
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Takatsuki Research Center, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sasase
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Takatsuki Research Center, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Sotani
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Takatsuki Research Center, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Mimi Maki
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Takatsuki Research Center, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawai
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Takatsuki Research Center, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Hisayo Morinaga
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Takatsuki Research Center, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Jun Nishiu
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Takatsuki Research Center, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Walczak J, Iwaszkiewicz-Grześ D, Cholewiński G. Approaches Towards Better Immunosuppressive Agents. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:1230-1263. [PMID: 38561615 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266292661240322072908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Several classes of compounds are applied in clinics due to their immunosuppressive properties in transplantology and the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Derivatives of mycophenolic acid, corticosteroids and chemotherapeutics bearing heterocyclic moieties like methotrexate, azathioprine, mizoribine, and ruxolitinib are active substances with investigated mechanisms of action. However, improved synthetic approaches of known drugs and novel derivatives are still being reported to attempt better accessibility and therapeutic properties. In this review article, we present the synthesis of the designed chemical structures based on recent literature reports concerning novel compounds as promising immunosuppressive drugs. Moreover, some of the discussed derivers revealed also other types of activities with prospective medicinal potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliusz Walczak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dorota Iwaszkiewicz-Grześ
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Dębinki 7, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Cholewiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Zheng T, Ma D, Shi P, Zhang H, Li J, Sun Z. Probiotics Bifidobacterium lactis M8 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus M9 prevent high blood pressure via modulating the gut microbiota composition and host metabolic products. mSystems 2023; 8:e0033123. [PMID: 37855616 PMCID: PMC10734487 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00331-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Elevated blood pressure affects 40% of the adult population, which accounts for high cardiovascular disease risk and further high mortality yearly. The global understanding of the gut microbiome for hypertension may provide important insights into the prevention. Bifidobacterium lactis M8 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus M9 originated from human breast milk, were able to decrease blood pressure, and modified metabolites in a high fructose-induced elevated blood pressure mouse model. Moreover, we found there was a close relationship between unexplored gut microbes and elevated blood pressure. Also, subsequently, the cross-link was explored among gut microbes, metabolites, and some metabolic pathways in gut microbial environment through introducing novel prediction methodology and bioinformatic analysis. It allowed us to hypothesize that probiotics can prevent elevated blood pressure via gut microbiota and related metabolism.Thus, utilization of dietary strategies (such as probiotics) to maintain the blood pressure level is of crucial importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Da Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Jun Li
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cohen NJ, Defina S, Rifas-Shiman SL, Faleschini S, Kirby RS, Chen H, Wilson R, Fryer K, Marroun HE, Cecil CAM, Hivert MF, Oken E, Tiemeier H, Alman AC. Associations of prenatal maternal depressive symptoms with cord blood glucocorticoids and child hair cortisol levels in the project viva and the generation R cohorts: a prospective cohort study. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:540. [PMID: 37898740 PMCID: PMC10612353 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies have reported conflicting results regarding the association of prenatal maternal depression with offspring cortisol levels. We examined associations of high levels of prenatal depressive symptoms with child cortisol biomarkers. METHODS In Project Viva (n = 925, Massachusetts USA), mothers reported their depressive symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) during pregnancy, cord blood glucocorticoids were measured at delivery, and child hair cortisol levels were measured in mid-childhood (mean (SD) age: 7.8 (0.8) years) and early adolescence (mean (SD) age: 13.2 (0.9) years). In the Generation R Study (n = 1644, Rotterdam, The Netherlands), mothers reported depressive symptoms using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) during pregnancy, and child hair cortisol was measured at a mean (SD) age of 6.0 (0.5) years. We used cutoffs of ≥ 13 for the EPDS and > 0.75 for the BSI to indicate high levels of prenatal depressive symptoms. We used multivariable linear regression models adjusted for child sex and age (at outcome), and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, education, social support from friends/family, pregnancy smoking status, marital status, and household income to assess associations separately in each cohort. We also meta-analyzed childhood hair cortisol results from both cohorts. RESULTS 8.0% and 5.1% of women respectively experienced high levels of prenatal depressive symptoms in Project Viva and the Generation R Study. We found no associations between high levels of maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy and child cortisol biomarkers in either cohort. CONCLUSIONS The present study does not find support for the direct link between high levels of maternal depressive symptoms and offspring cortisol levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Cohen
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Serena Defina
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabrina Faleschini
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Russell S Kirby
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Henian Chen
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ronee Wilson
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kimberly Fryer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hanan El Marroun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte A M Cecil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy C Alman
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Deng HW, Mei WY, Xu Q, Zhai YS, Lin XX, Li J, Li TF, Zheng Q, Chen JS, Ou-Yang S, Huang ZB, Cheng YJ. The role of glucocorticoids in increasing cardiovascular risk. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1187100. [PMID: 37476574 PMCID: PMC10354523 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1187100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Different studies provide conflicting evidence regarding the potential for glucocorticoids (GCs) to increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the correlation between GCs and cardiovascular risk, including major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), death from any cause, coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF), and stroke. Methods We performed a comprehensive search in PubMed and Embase (from inception to June 1, 2022). Studies that reported relative risk (RR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of interest were included. Results A total of 43 studies with 15,572,512 subjects were included. Patients taking GCs had a higher risk of MACE (RR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.15-1.40), CHD (RR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.11-1.41), and HF (RR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.51-2.45). The MACE risk increased by 10% (95% CI: 6%-15%) for each additional gram of GCs cumulative dose or by 63% (95% CI: 46%-83%) for an additional 10 μg daily dose. The subgroup analysis suggested that not inhaled GCs and current GCs use were associated with increasing MACE risk. Similarly, GCs were linked to an increase in absolute MACE risk of 13.94 (95% CI: 10.29-17.58) cases per 1,000 person-years. Conclusions Administration of GCs is possibly related with increased risk for MACE, CHD, and HF but not increased all-cause death or stroke. Furthermore, it seems that the risk of MACE increased with increasing cumulative or daily dose of GCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Wei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Yi Mei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Sheng Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xiong Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng-Fei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Sheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shun Ou-Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Jiu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang F, Lu JW, Lei WJ, Li MD, Pan F, Lin YK, Wang WS, Sun K. Paradoxical Induction of ALOX15/15B by Cortisol in Human Amnion Fibroblasts: Implications for Inflammatory Responses of the Fetal Membranes at Parturition. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10881. [PMID: 37446059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation of the fetal membranes is an indispensable event of parturition, with increasing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis as one of the ultimate products that prime labor onset. In addition to PGE2, the fetal membranes also boast a large capacity for cortisol regeneration. It is intriguing how increased PGE2 synthesis is achieved in the presence of increasing amounts of classical anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids in the fetal membranes at parturition. 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)-HETE) synthesized by lipoxygenase 15/15B (ALOX15/15B) has been shown to enhance inflammation-induced PGE2 synthesis in amnion fibroblasts. Here, we examined whether glucocorticoids could induce ALOX15/15B expression and 15(S)-HETE production to promote PGE2 synthesis in amnion fibroblasts at parturition. We found that cortisol and 15(S)-HETE abundance increased parallelly in the amnion at parturition. Cortisol induced ALOX15/15B expression and 15(S)-HETE production paradoxically in amnion fibroblasts. Mechanism study revealed that this paradoxical induction was mediated by p300-mediated histone acetylation and interaction of glucocorticoid receptor with transcription factors CREB and STAT3. Conclusively, cortisol regenerated in the fetal membranes can paradoxically induce ALOX15/15B expression and 15(S)-HETE production in human amnion fibroblasts, which may further assist in the induction of PGE2 synthesis in the inflammatory responses of the fetal membranes for parturition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Jiang-Wen Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Wen-Jia Lei
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Meng-Die Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Fan Pan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Yi-Kai Lin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Wang-Sheng Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Kang Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nishiyama M, Iwasaki Y, Makino S. Animal Models of Cushing's Syndrome. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6761324. [PMID: 36240318 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous Cushing's syndrome is characterized by unique clinical features and comorbidities, and progress in the analysis of its genetic pathogenesis has been achieved. Moreover, prescribed glucocorticoids are also associated with exogenous Cushing's syndrome. Several animal models have been established to explore the pathophysiology and develop treatments for Cushing's syndrome. Here, we review recent studies reporting animal models of Cushing's syndrome with different features and complications induced by glucocorticoid excess. Exogenous corticosterone (CORT) administration in drinking water is widely utilized, and we found that CORT pellet implantation in mice successfully leads to a Cushing's phenotype. Corticotropin-releasing hormone overexpression mice and adrenal-specific Prkar1a-deficient mice have been developed, and AtT20 transplantation methods have been designed to examine the medical treatments for adrenocorticotropic hormone-producing pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. We also review recent advances in the molecular pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced complications using animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Nishiyama
- Health Care Center, Kochi University, Kochi city, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku city, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Iwasaki
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku city, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka city, Mie 510-0293Japan
| | - Shinya Makino
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku city, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Gyomeikan Hospital, Osaka city, Osaka 554-0012Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Boorman S, McMaster MA, Groover E, Caldwell F. Review of glucocorticoid therapy in horses: Intra‐articular corticosteroids. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Boorman
- College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - Mattie A. McMaster
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Erin Groover
- College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - Fred Caldwell
- College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang J, Chen G, Hou J, Wei D, Liu P, Nie L, Fan K, Wang L, Xu Q, Song Y, Wang M, Huo W, Jing T, Li W, Guo Y, Wang C, Mao Z. Associations of residential greenness, ambient air pollution, biological sex, and glucocorticoids levels in rural China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113945. [PMID: 35999771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the associations between residential greenness and glucocorticoid levels and whether air pollutants and sex modify the relationship between greenness and glucocorticoid level in Chinese rural adults. METHODS We collected cross-sectional survey data from 6055 participants from the Henan Rural cohort. The three-year average residential greenness for participants was assessed using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values from a satellite platform. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was employed to quantify the concentrations of glucocorticoids, which were measured by morning blood draw after at least 8 hr of fasting. A random forest model was employed to obtain the average concentrations of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10. A general linear regression model was performed to estimate the associations of NDVI500-m values with cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol, and cortisone. Furthermore, interaction plots were used to present the interaction effects of particulate matter, sex, and green space on glucocorticoid levels. RESULTS After adjusting for multiple variables, an elevated average NDVI500-m value in the total population was associated with a decrease in cortisol levels (β = -0.063, 95 % confidence interval (CI): - 0.118, - 0.008), and 11-deoxycortisol levels (β = -0.118, 95 % CI: -0.190, -0.047), as well as an increase in cortisone levels (β = 0.130, 95 % CI: 0.079, 0.181). By adding the interaction terms of air pollutants and residential greenness into the regression model, interaction effects between air pollutants and residential greenness were found (cortisol, PM2.5: P interaction=:0.018; PM10: P interaction=0.016; 11-deoxycortisol, all pollutants: P interaction< 0.001), suggesting that the protective effect of residential greenness on serum glucocorticoids disappeared accompanying with increased concentrations of particulate matter. Moreover, trends towards modification in the association between green space and glucocorticoid levels were also evident by sex, but these did not reach statistical significance (for all glucocorticoids: P interaction> 0.05). CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to green space was negatively correlated with cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol levels, and positively correlated with cortisone levels. There may be sex differences in these associations. Moreover, the protective effect of residential greenness on serum glucocorticoids was altered by high levels of particulate matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Dandan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Pengling Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Luting Nie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Keliang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Mian Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Wenqian Huo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Tao Jing
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nishiyama M, Iwasaki Y, Nakayama S, Okazaki M, Taguchi T, Tsuda M, Makino S, Fujimoto S, Terada Y. Tissue-specific regulation of 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1 mRNA expressions in Cushing's syndrome mouse model. Steroids 2022; 183:109021. [PMID: 35339573 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1 (11βHSD-1) is a predominant 11β-reductase regenerating bioactive glucocorticoids (cortisol, corticosterone) from inactive 11-keto forms (cortisone, dehydrocorticosterone), expressed mainly in the brain, liver and adipose tissue. Although the expression levels of 11β HSD-1 mRNA are known to be influenced by glucocorticoids, its tissue-specific regulation is not completely elucidated. In this study, we examined the effect of persistent glucocorticoid excess on the expression of 11β HSD-1 mRNA in the hippocampus, liver, and abdominal adipose tissue in vivo using quantitative real-time PCR. We found that, in C57BL/6J mice treated with corticosterone (CORT) pellet for 2 weeks, 11β HSD-1 mRNA decreased in the hippocampus (HIPP) and liver, whereas it increased in the abdominal fat (FAT), compared with placebo treatment [HIPP: placebo 1.00 ± 0.14, CORT 0.63 ± 0.04; liver: placebo 1.00 ± 0.08, CORT 0.73 ± 0.06; FAT: placebo 1.00 ± 0.16, CORT 2.26 ± 0.39]. Moreover, in CRH transgenic mice, an animal model of Cushing's syndrome with high plasma CORT level, 11β HSD-1 mRNA was also decreased in the hippocampus and liver, and increased in the abdominal adipose tissue compared to that in wild-type mice. These changes were reversed after adrenalectomy in CRH-Tg mice. Altogether, these results reveal the differential regulation of 11β HSD-1 mRNA by glucocorticoid among the tissues examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Nishiyama
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, 1-185, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku City, Kochi 783-8505, Japan; Health Care Center, Kochi University, 1-5-2, Akebono-cho, Kochi City, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.
| | - Yasumasa Iwasaki
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, 1-185, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku City, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nakayama
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, 1-185, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku City, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Mizuho Okazaki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, 1-185, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku City, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Takafumi Taguchi
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, 1-185, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku City, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tsuda
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, 1-185, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku City, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Shinya Makino
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, 1-185, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku City, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Shimpei Fujimoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, 1-185, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku City, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshio Terada
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, 1-185, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku City, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Austermann J, Roth J, Barczyk-Kahlert K. The Good and the Bad: Monocytes' and Macrophages' Diverse Functions in Inflammation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121979. [PMID: 35741108 PMCID: PMC9222172 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages are central players of the innate immune response and play a pivotal role in the regulation of inflammation. Thereby, they actively participate in all phases of the immune response, from initiating inflammation and triggering the adaptive immune response, through to the clearance of cell debris and resolution of inflammation. In this review, we described the mechanisms of monocyte and macrophage adaptation to rapidly changing microenvironmental conditions and discussed different forms of macrophage polarization depending on the environmental cues or pathophysiological condition. Therefore, special focus was placed on the tight regulation of the pro- and anti-inflammatory immune response, and the diverse functions of S100A8/S100A9 proteins and the scavenger receptor CD163 were highlighted, respectively. We paid special attention to the function of pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages under pathological conditions.
Collapse
|
13
|
Exploring New Drug Targets for Type 2 Diabetes: Success, Challenges and Opportunities. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020331. [PMID: 35203540 PMCID: PMC8869656 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There are substantial shortcomings in the drugs currently available for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The global diabetic crisis has not abated despite the introduction of new types of drugs and targets. Persistent unaddressed patient needs remain a significant factor in the quest for new leads in routine studies. Drug discovery methods in this area have followed developments in the market, contributing to a recent rise in the number of molecules. Nevertheless, troubling developments and fresh challenges are still evident. Recently, metformin, the most widely used first-line drug for diabetes, was found to contain a carcinogenic contaminant known as N-nitroso dimethylamine (NDMA). Therefore, purity and toxicity are also a big challenge for drug discovery and development. Moreover, newer drug classes against SGLT-2 illustrate both progress and difficulties. The same was true previously in the case of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Furthermore, researchers must study the importance of mechanistic characteristics of novel compounds, as well as exposure-related hazardous aspects of current and newly identified protein targets, in order to identify new pharmacological molecules with improved selectivity and specificity.
Collapse
|
14
|
Oda S, Ashida K, Uchiyama M, Sakamoto S, Hasuzawa N, Nagayama A, Wang L, Nagata H, Sakamoto R, Kishimoto J, Todaka K, Ogawa Y, Nakanishi Y, Nomura M. An Open-label Phase I/IIa Clinical Trial of 11β-HSD1 Inhibitor for Cushing's Syndrome and Autonomous Cortisol Secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e3865-e3880. [PMID: 34143883 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitors demonstrate antimetabolic and antisarcopenic effects in Cushing's syndrome (CS) and autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS) patients. OBJECTIVE To confirm the efficacy and safety of S-707106 (11β-HSD1 inhibitor) administered to CS and ACS patients. DESIGN A 24-week single-center, open-label, single-arm, dose-escalation, investigator-initiated clinical trial on a database. SETTING Kyushu University Hospital, Kurume University Hospital, and related facilities. PATIENTS Sixteen patients with inoperable or recurrent CS and ACS, with mildly impaired glucose tolerance. INTERVENTION Oral administration of 200 mg S-707106 after dinner, daily, for 24 weeks. In patients with insufficient improvement in oral glucose tolerance test results at 12 weeks, an escalated dose of S-707106 (200 mg twice daily) was administered for the residual 12 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The rate of participants responding to glucose tolerance impairment, defined as those showing a 25% reduction in the area under the curve (AUC) of plasma glucose during the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test at 24 weeks. RESULTS S-707106 administration could not achieve the primary endpoint of this clinical trial (>20% of responsive participants). AUC glucose decreased by -7.1% [SD, 14.8 (90% CI -14.8 to -1.0), P = 0.033] and -2.7% [14.5 (-10.2 to 3.4), P = 0.18] at 12 and 24 weeks, respectively. S-707106 administration decreased AUC glucose significantly in participants with a high body mass index. Body fat percentage decreased by -2.5% [1.7 (-3.3 to -1.8), P < 0.001] and body muscle percentage increased by 2.4% [1.6 (1.7 to 3.1), P < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS S-707106 is an effective insulin sensitizer and antisarcopenic and antiobesity medication for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Oda
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka-city, Japan
| | - Kenji Ashida
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka-city, Japan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume-city, Japan
| | - Makiko Uchiyama
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka-city, Japan
| | - Shohei Sakamoto
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka-city, Japan
| | - Nao Hasuzawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka-city, Japan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume-city, Japan
| | - Ayako Nagayama
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume-city, Japan
| | - Lixiang Wang
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka-city, Japan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume-city, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nagata
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka-city, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sakamoto
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka-city, Japan
| | - Junji Kishimoto
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka-city, Japan
| | - Koji Todaka
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka-city, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka-city, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakanishi
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka-city, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nomura
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka-city, Japan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume-city, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Takaya J. Calcium-Deficiency during Pregnancy Affects Insulin Resistance in Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137008. [PMID: 34209784 PMCID: PMC8268058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal malnutrition is known to affect the phenotype of the offspring through changes in epigenetic regulation. Growing evidence suggests that epigenetics is one of the mechanisms by which nutrients and minerals affect metabolic traits. Although the perinatal period is the time of highest phenotypic plasticity, which contributes largely to developmental programming, there is evidence of nutritional influence on epigenetic regulation during adulthood. Calcium (Ca) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance syndrome. Cortisol, the most important glucocorticoid, is considered to lead to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 is a key enzyme that catalyzes the intracellular conversion of cortisone to physiologically active cortisol. This brief review aims to identify the effects of Ca deficiency during pregnancy and/or lactation on insulin resistance in the offspring. Those findings demonstrate that maternal Ca deficiency during pregnancy may affect the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and thereby induce different metabolic phenotypes. We aim to address the need for Ca during pregnancy and propose the scaling-up of clinical and public health approaches that improved pregnancy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junji Takaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Kawachi General Hospital, 1-31 Yokomakura, Higashi-Osaka 578-0954, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Blaschke M, Koepp R, Streit F, Beismann J, Manthey G, Seitz MT, Kragl A, Siggelkow H. The rise in expression and activity of 11β-HSD1 in human mesenchymal progenitor cells induces adipogenesis through increased local cortisol synthesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 210:105850. [PMID: 33639236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) plays an important role in pre-receptor glucocorticoid metabolism. This enzyme is expressed in bone, increases with age, and catalyzes the conversion of the inactive glucocorticoid cortisone into the active glucocorticoid cortisol and vice versa. Here we hypothesized that the physiological activity of 11β-HSD1 to produce cortisol in human mesenchymal progenitor cells (hMSC) is principally sufficient to shift the differentiation potential in the direction of adipogenic. We thus investigated differentiating hMSCs and the mesenchymal stem cell line SCP-1 cultured under osteogenic conditions and stimulated with supra-physiological cortisone levels. The release of active cortisol into the medium was monitored and the influence on cell differentiation analyzed. We revealed an increase in 11β-HSD1 expression followed by increased reductive activity of the enzyme, thereby inducing a more adipogenic phenotype of the cell models via cortisol with negative effects on osteogenesis. Through inhibition experiments with the specific inhibitor 10 j, we proved the enzyme specificity for cortisol synthesis and adipogenic differentiation. Increased expression of 11β-HSD1 followed by higher cortisol levels might thus explain bone marrow adiposity followed by reduced bone quality and stability in old age or in situations of supra-physiological glucocorticoid exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Blaschke
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany; MVZ Endokrinologikum Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3, Göttingen, 37075, Germany.
| | - Regine Koepp
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Frank Streit
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Johannes Beismann
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Georg Manthey
- Evangelical Hospital Göttingen-Weende, Neu-Mariahilf Site, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark-Tilmann Seitz
- Clinic for Trauma Surgery, Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Angelique Kragl
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, Greifswald, 17487, Germany
| | - Heide Siggelkow
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany; MVZ Endokrinologikum Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Inhibitors of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 as Potential Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—A Systematic Review of Clinical and In Vivo Preclinical Studies. Sci Pharm 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm89010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a pathology with increasing frequency in society, being one of the main causes of death worldwide. For this reason, new therapeutic targets have been studied over the years. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) is an enzyme responsible for reducing cortisone to its active form cortisol, which can lead to metabolic changes such as insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Therefore, 11β-HSD1 inhibition may offer a new therapeutic approach for type 2 diabetes mellitus. This work intends to systematically review the available scientific evidence on this subject. For this, a search was conducted in three databases and 15 clinical and in vivo preclinical studies were included in this review. Despite the high inhibitory and selectivity levels achieved with several molecules and the demonstrated clinical efficacy in diabetes treatment, no phase III clinical trials have yet been conducted. This is important because the long-term effects of 11β-HSD1 inhibitors including the consequences in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis must be evaluated. However, this enzyme remains a promising target for drug development, including due to its effectiveness in controlling various factors that constitute the metabolic syndrome and its potential for multiple indications in patients with diabetes, including wound healing and weight loss.
Collapse
|
18
|
Brix JM, Tura A, Herz CT, Feder A, Krzizek EC, Parzer V, Pacini G, Ludvik B. The Association of Cortisol Excretion with Weight and Metabolic Parameters in Nondiabetic Patients with Morbid Obesity. Obes Facts 2021; 14:510-519. [PMID: 34496367 PMCID: PMC8546449 DOI: 10.1159/000517766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cortisol is involved in the regulation of gluconeogenesis and glucose utilization. In morbid obesity (MO), the association of cortisol excretion with metabolic parameters is not well-characterized. In our study, we evaluated cortisol excretion in nondiabetic subjects with MO and its effect on glucose metabolism. METHODS We included 1,249 nondiabetic patients with MO (79.8% females, mean BMI 44.9 ± 6.5 kg/m2, mean age 38 ± 11 years). Anthropometric data and cardiovascular risk factors were assessed, and an oral glucose tolerance test for calculation of insulin resistance was performed. Cortisol excretion was assessed on 2 consecutive days (24 h urine specimens). RESULTS Regarding cortisol excretion, patients were divided into 3 tertiles (urinary cortisol ≤51.6, >51.6 and <117.6, and ≥117.6 μg/24 h, respectively). Patients in the highest tertile were younger (p = 0.003), more obese (BMI: p = 0.040), had lower diastolic blood pressure ([DBP]; p = 0.012), lower total (p = 0.032) and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.021), fasting (p = 0.049) and 2-h glycemia (p = 0.028), 2-h insulinemia (p = 0.020), and HbA1c (p < 0.001), and a higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (p < 0.001). The glucose (p < 0.001) and insulin (p = 0.011) area under the curve (AUC) were also lower. Urinary cortisol excretion adjusted for age, sex, and eGFR was positively correlated with body weight (BW, beta = 0.076, p = 0.004) and overall glucose tolerance (oral disposition index, beta = 0.090, p = 0.011), and negatively with HbA1c (beta = -0.179, p < 0.001), 2-h glycemia (beta = -0.075, p = 0.032), AUC glucose (beta = -0.103, p = 0.002), and DBP (beta = -0.139, p < 0.001). HbA1c, BW, and DBP remained significant after multivariable analysis. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Despite being more obese, patients with higher cortisol excretion have a more favorable metabolic profile. These results deserve further attention regarding the respective mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Maria Brix
- Department of Medicine I, Klinik Landstraße, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Obesity and Metabolic Disorders, Vienna, Austria
- *Johanna Maria Brix,
| | - Andrea Tura
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Metabolix Unit, Padova, Italy
| | - Carsten Thilo Herz
- Department of Medicine III, Division for Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Feder
- Department of Medicine I, Klinik Landstraße, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Obesity and Metabolic Disorders, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva-Christina Krzizek
- Department of Medicine I, Klinik Landstraße, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Obesity and Metabolic Disorders, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Parzer
- Department of Medicine I, Klinik Landstraße, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giovanni Pacini
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Metabolix Unit, Padova, Italy
| | - Bernhard Ludvik
- Department of Medicine I, Klinik Landstraße, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Obesity and Metabolic Disorders, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Role of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in the development of atopic dermatitis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20237. [PMID: 33214595 PMCID: PMC7678864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are potent anti-inflammatory drugs, the secretion of which is mediated and controlled by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. However, they are also secreted de novo by peripheral tissues for local use. Several tissues express 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1), including the skin. The inactive GC cortisone is converted by 11β-HSD1 to active GC cortisol, which is responsible for delayed wound healing during a systemic excess of GC. However, the role of 11β-HSD1 in inflammation is unclear. We assessed whether 11β-HSD1 affects the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) in vitro and in vivo. The expression of 11β-HSD1 in the epidermis of AD lesions was higher than that in the epidermis of healthy controls. Knockdown of 11β-HSD1 in human epidermal keratinocytes increased the production of thymic stromal lymphopoietin. In an oxazolone-induced mouse model of AD, localized inhibition of 11β-HSD1 aggravated the development of AD and increased serum cytokine levels associated with AD. Mice with whole-body knockout (KO) of 11β-HSD1 developed significantly worse AD upon induction by oxazolone. We propose that 11β-HSD1 is a major factor affecting AD pathophysiology via suppression of atopic inflammation due to the modulation of active GC in the skin.
Collapse
|
20
|
Chihaoui M, Madhi W, Yazidi M, Hammami B, Oueslati I, Khessairi N, Grira W, Bibi A, Feki M, Chaker F. Salivary cortisol levels during Ramadan fasting in hydrocortisone-treated secondary adrenal insufficiency patients. Endocrine 2020; 70:404-411. [PMID: 32789535 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with adrenal insufficiency have difficulties in fasting during the month of Ramadan with an increased risk of complications. Cortisol levels are unknown in these patients. The objective of this study was to assess the daily cortisol profile in hydrocortisone-treated patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI) and healthy controls during a fasting day. METHODS A cross-sectional matched case-control study on 50 hydrocortisone-treated SAI patients and 69 controls who are used to fast. Clinical and therapeutic data were collected. Five salivary samples for cortisol measurement were collected throughout a fasting day of the third week of Ramadan 2019. RESULTS Salivary cortisol levels were significantly higher on awakening, at midnight and before the predawn meal in patients compared with controls. The circadian cortisol rhythm was disrupted in patients. The area under the salivary cortisol level versus time curve (AUC) was lower than the 2.5th percentile of the controls in one patient (2.5%) and higher than the 97.5th percentile in 23 patients (59%) who were considered overtreated. Age ≥ 35 years was independently associated with overtreatment (adjusted odds ratio = 12.0; 95% CI (2.0-70.4); p = 0.006). Seven patients broke their fasting for a complication compared with no one of the controls (p = 0.001). No factor was associated with this risk. CONCLUSIONS Salivary cortisol levels were high in fasting hydrocortisone-treated SAI patients with a disruption of the circadian rhythm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melika Chihaoui
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital La Rabta, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Wiem Madhi
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital La Rabta, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Yazidi
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital La Rabta, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Bessem Hammami
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital La Rabta, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ibtissem Oueslati
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital La Rabta, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Khessairi
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital La Rabta, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Grira
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital La Rabta, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amina Bibi
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Feki
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital La Rabta, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Chaker
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital La Rabta, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Skeletal glucocorticoid signalling determines leptin resistance and obesity in aging mice. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101098. [PMID: 33045434 PMCID: PMC7596342 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Aging and chronic glucocorticoid excess share a number of critical features, including the development of central obesity, insulin resistance and osteoporosis. Previous studies have shown that skeletal glucocorticoid signalling increases with aging and that osteoblasts mediate the detrimental skeletal and metabolic effects of chronic glucocorticoid excess. Here, we investigated whether endogenous glucocorticoid action in the skeleton contributes to metabolic dysfunction during normal aging. Methods Mice lacking glucocorticoid signalling in osteoblasts and osteocytes (HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice) and their wild-type littermates were studied until 3, 6, 12 and 18 months of age. Body composition, adipose tissue morphology, skeletal gene expression and glucose/insulin tolerance were assessed at each timepoint. Leptin sensitivity was assessed by arcuate nucleus STAT3 phosphorylation and inhibition of feeding following leptin administration. Tissue-specific glucose uptake and adipose tissue oxygen consumption rate were also measured. Results As they aged, wild-type mice became obese and insulin-resistant. In contrast, HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice remained lean and insulin-sensitive during aging. Obesity in wild-type mice was due to leptin resistance, evidenced by an impaired ability of exogenous leptin to suppress food intake and phosphorylate hypothalamic STAT3, from 6 months of age onwards. In contrast, HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice remained leptin-sensitive throughout the study. Compared to HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice, leptin-resistant wild-type mice displayed attenuated sympathetic outflow, with reduced tyrosine hydroxylase expression in both the hypothalamus and thermogenic adipose tissues. Adipose tissue oxygen consumption rate declined progressively in aging wild-type mice but was maintained in HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice. At 18 months of age, adipose tissue glucose uptake was increased 3.7-fold in HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice, compared to wild-type mice. Conclusions Skeletal glucocorticoid signalling is critical for the development of leptin resistance, obesity and insulin resistance during aging. These findings underscore the skeleton's importance in the regulation of body weight and implicate osteoblastic/osteocytic glucocorticoid signalling in the aetiology of aging-related obesity and metabolic disease. As they aged, wild-type CD1 mice became hyperphagic, obese and insulin-resistant. Mice lacking skeletal glucocorticoid signalling (HSD2OB/OCY-tg) were lean and healthy. Unlike wild-type mice, HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice remained leptin-sensitive during aging. Adipose tissue sympathetic outflow was maintained in aging HSD2OB/OCY-tg mice.
Collapse
|
22
|
Kang SW, Kidd MT, Kadhim HJ, Shouse S, Orlowski SK, Hiltz J, Anthony NB, Kuenzel WJ, Kong BC. Characterization of stress response involved in chicken myopathy. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 295:113526. [PMID: 32540490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myopathies (Woody Breast (WB) and White Striping (WS)) of broiler chickens have been correlated with fast growth. Recent studies reported that localized hypoxia and metabolic impairment may involve in these myopathies of birds. In order to better understand the stress response mechanisms affecting myopathies of broilers, the aim of this study was to examine effects of WB and both WB/WS on stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) levels and expressional changes of stress response genes including glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR), 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), DNA methylation regulators (DNMTs), and arginine vasotocin receptor 1a and 1b (V1aR, V1bR). Results of radioimmunoassay showed that CORT levels of WB and WB/WS birds were significantly higher compared to Con (p < 0.05), however, the combination of WB/WS was not significantly higher than WB birds, implying that the effects of WB and WS on CORT are not synergistic. Hepatic GR expression of both WB and WB/WS birds were significantly higher compared to Con (p < 0.05). However, GR expression levels in breast muscle of both WB and WB/WS birds were decreased compared to Con (p < 0.05). Hepatic 11β-HSD1 expression was increased only in WB/WS birds compared to Con birds with no significant difference between Con and WB birds. 11β-HSD1 expression was decreased and increased in WB and WB/WS birds compared to Con, respectively, in breast muscle (p < 0.05). DNMT1 expression was significantly decreased in both muscle and liver of WB birds, and in muscle of WB/WS birds, but not in liver of WB/WS birds, indicating differential effects of WS on the epigenetical stress response of muscle and liver compared to WB. V1aR expression was significantly increased in muscle of WB birds, and in liver of WB/WS birds compared to Con birds (p < 0.05). V1bR was not changed in muscle and liver of WB birds compared to Con birds. Taken together, results suggest that GC-induced myopathies occur in fast-growing broiler chickens and circulating CORT level might be a significant biochemical marker of myopathies (WB and WS) of birds. In addition, chronic stress responses in breast muscle and tissue-specific epigenetic changes of stress response genes by DNMTs may play a critical role in the occurrence of myopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong W Kang
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States.
| | - Michael T Kidd
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Hakeem J Kadhim
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Stephanie Shouse
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Sara K Orlowski
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Joseph Hiltz
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Nickolas B Anthony
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Wayne J Kuenzel
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Byungwhi C Kong
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu Y, Wu Y, Deng J, Chu L, Yang H, Wang W, Liao J, Cheng Y, Deng H. Screening and identification of salivary biomarkers for assessing the effects of exogenous testosterone administration on HPG and HPA axes and ECS. Steroids 2020; 158:108604. [PMID: 32084505 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The contents of steroids and endocannabinoids along with the ratios between them would be candidate biomarkers for sensitively and comprehensively assessing the role of testosterone in regulating the activities of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, the hypothalamus-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis and endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS). However, previous studies mostly used the contents rather than the ratios as biomarkers. This study aimed to systematically screen and identify sensitive biomarkers from 21 candidates including both the contents of nine steroids and one endocannabinoid and their ratios in saliva. Three screening criteria were whether there were intergroup differences, time-dependent changes and considerable relative stability during a 4-h period after exogenous testosterone administration. This study used LC-APCI+-MS/MS to determine the salivary levels of the candidate biomarkers on 62 male healthy undergraduates who were divided into testosterone administration and placebo control groups. The results revealed that salivary testosterone, androstenedione, DHEA and the ratios of testosterone to estradiol and AEA, and of cortisol to testosterone and DHEA were sensitive biomarkers for assessing the effects of testosterone administration on the three neuroendocrine systems because they all showed significant intergroup differences and time-dependent changes and good relative stability. Salivary cortisol, cortisone and the ratios of testosterone to androstenedione and DHEA and of androstenedione to estrone, and of cortisol to cortisone, androstenedione and AEA might be suitable biomarkers because they met only two of the three criteria, but needed to be validated in the future. The rest biomarkers were unsuitable because they mostly showed no significant intergroup differences, blunt time-dependent changes and poor relative stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Brain and Learning Science, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yin Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China; School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China
| | - Jia Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liuxi Chu
- Department of Brain and Learning Science, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Haoran Yang
- Department of Brain and Learning Science, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Brain and Learning Science, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jiajun Liao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China; School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China
| | - Yizhi Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China; School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China
| | - Huihua Deng
- Department of Brain and Learning Science, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yorio T, Patel GC, Clark AF. Glucocorticoid-Induced Ocular Hypertension: Origins and New Approaches to Minimize. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2020; 15:145-157. [PMID: 38274668 PMCID: PMC10810227 DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2020.1762488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Glucocorticoids (GCs) have unique actions in their combined anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities and are among the most commonly-prescribed drugs, particularly for inflammatory conditions. They are often used clinically to treat inflammatory eye diseases like uveitis, optic neuritis, conjunctivitis, keratitis and others, but are often accompanied by side effects, like ocular hypertension that can be vision threatening. Areas covered The review will focus on the complex molecular mechanism of action of GCs that involve both transactivation and transrepression and their use therapeutically that can cause significant systemic side effects, particularly ocular hypertension that can lead to glaucoma. Expert Opinion While we are still unclear as to all the mechanisms responsible for GC-induced ocular hypertension, however, there are potential novel therapies that are in development that can separate some of the anti-inflammatory therapeutic efficacy from their ocular hypertension side effect. This review provides some insight into these approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Yorio
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNTHSC
- North Texas Eye Research, Institute, UNTHSC
| | | | - Abbot F. Clark
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNTHSC
- North Texas Eye Research, Institute, UNTHSC
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Worldwide obesity is increasing at an alarming rate in children and adolescents, with the consequent emergence of co-morbidities. Moreover, the maternal environment during pregnancy plays an important role in obesity, contributing to transgenerational transmission of the same and metabolic dysfunction. White adipose tissue represents a prime target of metabolic programming induced by maternal milieu. In this article, we review adipose tissue physiology and development, as well as maternal influences during the perinatal period that may lead to obesity in early postnatal life and adulthood. First, we describe the adipose tissue cell composition, distribution and hormonal action, together with the evidence of hormonal factors participating in fetal/postnatal programming. Subsequently, we describe the critical periods of adipose tissue development and the relationship of gestational and early postnatal life with healthy fetal adipose tissue expansion. Furthermore, we discuss the evidence showing that adipose tissue is an important target for nutritional, hormonal and epigenetic signals to modulate fetal growth. Finally, we describe nutritional, hormonal, epigenetic and microbiome changes observed in maternal obesity, and whether their disruption alters fetal growth and adiposity. The presented evidence supports the developmental origins of health and disease concept, which proposes that the homeostatic system is affected during gestational and postnatal development, impeding the ability to regulate body weight after birth, thereby resulting in adult obesity. Consequently, we anticipate that promoting a healthy early-life programming of adipose tissue and increasing the knowledge of the mechanisms by which maternal factors affect the health of future generations may offer novel strategies for explaining and addressing worldwide health problems such as obesity.
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen Z, Zhang Q, Chen S, Wang W, Liu G, Deng H. Determination, intercorrelation and intraindividual stability of five steroids in hair, saliva and urine among chinese college students. Steroids 2019; 149:108418. [PMID: 31150683 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hair steroids and their ratios are believed to be reliable biomarkers reflecting the long-term exposure of circulating steroids. Hereinto, two underlying assumptions are that hair biomarkers have consistency with traditional biomarkers in saliva or urine, and good long-term intraindividual stability across a long time. However, these two assumptions have not been well verified for most of hair biomarkers except for hair cortisol. Thus, this study aimed to verify the two issues on eight hair biomarkers: cortisol, cortisone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), testosterone, progesterone, the ratios of cortisol to cortisone, DHEA and testosterone. The five steroids in hair, saliva and urine were measured with high performance chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The results revealed that the hair biomarkers had significant correlations with the salivary biomarkers calculated by the mean area under curve (AUCg) in a matched time span (ps < 0.05) where the coefficients of correlations (r) were >0.3 (r = 0.322-0.616) except cortisone and progesterone (r = 0.177 and 0.212, respectively). It indicated that hair biomarkers had weak to moderate consistency with salivary ones. But only three biomarkers showed the consistency between hair and urine, such as testosterone (r = 0.352, p < 0.01), progesterone (r = 0.228, p < 0.05) and the ratio of cortisol to testosterone (r = 0.502, p < 0.01). Hair biomarkers showed no absolute stability, but moderate to high long-term relative stability across 12 months where interclass correlation coefficients ranged between 0.356 and 0.678 (ps < 0.01). These results implied that the eight biomarkers in hair could retrospectively reflect their cumulative exposure in vivo. Therefore, the hair biomarkers would be considerable reliable long-term biomarkers for psychological and physiological research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Brain and Learning Science, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Brain and Learning Science, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Shenghuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Brain and Learning Science, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Weiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guoxiong Liu
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Huihua Deng
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Brain and Learning Science, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Study on the Antihypertensive Mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus and Salvia miltiorrhiza Based on Intestinal Flora-Host Metabolism. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:5418796. [PMID: 31428172 PMCID: PMC6679867 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5418796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that the combination of Astragalus membranaceus and Salvia miltiorrhiza (HD) had a good antihypertensive effect, but its potential mechanism remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of intestinal flora and serum metabolism induced by HD against hypertension. 16 spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) were divided into HD group (5.9 g/kg) and model group (M) (normal saline), with eight Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats as control group (W) (normal saline). Rats were fed by gavage once a day for 28 days. The changes of intestinal flora and serum metabolism were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing and LC-MS/MS assay. HD decreased blood pressure steadily, improved the structure and composition of imbalance flora in SHRs, increased the abundance and diversity of flora, and decreased flora Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio. Rumen bacterium NK4A214, Clostridium sp. MC 40 increased remarkably in M group. Akkermansia, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Lactobacillus intestinalis increased significantly in HD group, which were functionally related to the significant increase of Lachnoclostridium, Faecalibaculum, and Lactobacillus reuteri in W group, which were all probiotics producing butyric acid, lactic acid, and regulating inflammation and other antihypertensive related factors. HD also changed the serum metabolic pattern of SHRs. 16 potential biomarkers related to inflammation, vasodilation, steroid hormones, oxidative stress, and etc. changed significantly, mainly enriched in arachidonic acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism. The correlation analysis demonstrated that the dominant genius and species in three groups were highly correlated with steroid hormone biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and vitamin B6 metabolism. Our research indicated that HD had a good antihypertensive effect, which may be driven by the protective intestinal flora and beneficial metabolites induced by it, and the metabolites were closely related to the changes of intestinal flora. It provided new insights for the antihypertensive mechanism of HD.
Collapse
|
28
|
Schinke C, Hesse S, Rullmann M, Becker GA, Luthardt J, Zientek F, Patt M, Stoppe M, Schmidt E, Meyer K, Meyer PM, Orthgieß J, Blüher M, Kratzsch J, Ding YS, Then Bergh F, Sabri O. Central noradrenaline transporter availability is linked with HPA axis responsiveness and copeptin in human obesity and non-obese controls. Stress 2019; 22:93-102. [PMID: 30369292 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2018.1511698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The central noradrenaline (NA) stress-response network co-mediates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) release. Dysregulation of these systems contributes to stress-related diseases such as human obesity, but their interrelation remains unclear. The study was aimed to test for the first time in vivo whether central noradrenergic activity quantitatively indexed by the availability of the presynaptic NA transporter (NAT) is associated with HPA axis responsiveness as measured with the combined dexamethasone suppression/corticotropin releasing hormone stimulation (dex/CRH) test and copeptin as a surrogate marker of the serum AVP tone in highly obese, otherwise, healthy individuals compared to age- and sex-matched non-obese, healthy controls. In order to assess central NAT availability, positron emission tomography (PET) was applied using the NAT-selective radiotracer S,S-[11C]O-methylreboxetine (MRB) and correlated with curve indicators derived from the dex/CRH test (maximum, MAX, and area under the curve, AUC, for cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH) as well as with copeptin. In non-obese controls, positive correlations were found between the NAT distribution volume ratios (DVR) of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the amygdala with the HPA response (OFC: ACTHMAX r = 0.87, p = .001; cortisolMAX r = 0.86, p = .002; amygdala: ACTHMAX r = 0.86, p = .002; cortisolMAX r = 0.79, p = .006), while in obesity, the hypothalamic DVR correlated inversely with the HPA axis response (cortisolMAX, r = -0.66, p = .04) and with copeptin (r = -0.71, p = .02). This association of central NAT availability with HPA axis responsiveness and copeptin suggests a mechanistic interaction between noradrenergic transmission with HPA axis activity and the serum AVP system that differs between non-obese individuals with prefrontal-limbic involvement and obesity with a hypothalamic-centered relationship. Whether the latter finding contributes to obesogenic behavior needs to be further explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schinke
- a Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases , Leipzig University Medical Center , Leipzig , Germany
- b Department of Neurology , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
- c Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health , Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie , Berlin , Germany
| | - Swen Hesse
- a Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases , Leipzig University Medical Center , Leipzig , Germany
- d Department of Nuclear Medicine , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Michael Rullmann
- a Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases , Leipzig University Medical Center , Leipzig , Germany
- d Department of Nuclear Medicine , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | | | - Julia Luthardt
- d Department of Nuclear Medicine , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Franziska Zientek
- a Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases , Leipzig University Medical Center , Leipzig , Germany
- d Department of Nuclear Medicine , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Marianne Patt
- d Department of Nuclear Medicine , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Muriel Stoppe
- b Department of Neurology , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
- e Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Elisa Schmidt
- b Department of Neurology , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Klara Meyer
- b Department of Neurology , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Philipp M Meyer
- d Department of Nuclear Medicine , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Johannes Orthgieß
- b Department of Neurology , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- f Department of Internal Medicine , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Jürgen Kratzsch
- g Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Yu-Shin Ding
- h Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry , New York University School of Medicine , New York , USA
| | - Florian Then Bergh
- b Department of Neurology , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
- e Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- a Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases , Leipzig University Medical Center , Leipzig , Germany
- d Department of Nuclear Medicine , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Su Y, Shen X, Chen J, Isales CM, Zhao J, Shi XM. Differentially expressed genes in PPARγ-deficient MSCs. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 471:97-104. [PMID: 28774780 PMCID: PMC5792374 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a key regulator of adipogenesis. It is also a central player in energy metabolism, inflammation and immunity. As an important nuclear transcription factor, PPARγ can regulate the expression and function of genes or biological processes directly or indirectly via association with other factors and thus modulate their activities. To better understand the impact of PPARγ on the global gene expression profile, we evaluated the bioinformatic data, which revealed the changes that occurred in genes and their pathways in the absence of PPARγ. In brief, we performed RNA deep sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis using RNA samples isolated from multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of PPARγ knockout and wild type control mice. The RNA-Seq data sets were then subjected to bioinformatic analyses from various angles to better reveal the breadth of PPARγ function in different biological processes. Our results reveal novel genes and networks modulated by PPARγ and provides new insights into our understanding of the physiologic and pathophysiologic role this nuclear receptor plays in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Su
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, USA
| | - Xiaona Shen
- Department of Mathematics, Logistical Engineering University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, USA; Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Mathematics, Logistical Engineering University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xing-Ming Shi
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, USA; Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang Y, Shen J, Yang X, Jin Y, Yang Z, Wang R, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. Akebia saponin D reverses corticosterone hypersecretion in an Alzheimer's disease rat model. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:219-225. [PMID: 30092401 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoid hormones are implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other diseases including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and osteoporosis. Akebia saponin D (ASD) possesses numerous pharmacological activities, including as an anti-AD, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-diabetes, and anti-osteoporosis agent. The anti-AD effect of ASD is possibly through its regulation of glucocorticoid levels. PURPOSE The present study was undertaken to investigate the neuroprotective effects of ASD on Aβ25-35-induced cognitive deficits and to elucidate its underlying mechanism of action. METHODS The AD rat model was established by an intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ25-35 into the lateral ventricles. Spatial learning and anxiety state were assessed by Morris water maze task and elevated plus-maze assay, respectively. The degree of hypertrophy of adrenal gland was analyzed using the viscera coefficient. Corticosterone and ACTH concentrations in the plasm were measured using biochemical assay kits. The activity of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1 (11β-HSD1) in liver and groin fat pad was assessed by measuring cortisol production. RESULTS Compared with the control group, AD rats displayed significant spatial learning and reference memory impairments, serious anxiety disorders, obvious hypertrophy of adrenal gland, elevated corticosterone and ACTH levels in the plasma, and increased 11β-HSD1 activity in liver and groin fat pad. ASD could significantly ameliorate the memory deficits and anxiety symptoms, markedly reduce the viscera coefficient of adrenal gland, observably decrease corticosterone and ACTH concentrations, and showed no effect on the activity of 11β-HSD1. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that ASD might exert a significant neuroprotective effect on cognitive impairment, driven in part by reducing systemic corticosterone level by down-regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jinyang Shen
- State Key laboratory of natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Marine Bio-resource Pharmaceutics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Ye Jin
- Pharmacy Department, Yangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhonglin Yang
- State Key laboratory of natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rufeng Wang
- Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Material Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA; Department of Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA; Departments of Biology, Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Omolekulo TE, Areola ED, Badmus OO, Michael OS, Kim I, Olatunji LA. Inhibition of adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase by valproic acid abates hepatic triglyceride accumulation independent of corticosteroids in female rats treated with estrogen-progestin. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:1092-1103. [PMID: 30001502 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Elevated circulating uric acid has been postulated to play an important pathophysiological role in estrogen-progestin combined oral contraceptive (COC)-induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. We hypothesized that disruption of glucoregulation and liver triglyceride (TG) accumulation induced by COC use would be abated by valproic acid (VPA) treatment through suppression of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities. Female Wistar rats aged 9-10 weeks were treated with a combination of estrogen-progestin COC steroids (1.0 μg ethinylestradiol and 5.0 μg levonorgestrel; p.o.) with or without VPA (100.0 mg/kg; p.o.) daily for 6 weeks. The result shows that the disrupted glucoregulation and associated elevated hepatic ADA activity, plasma and hepatic XO activity, uric acid (UA), TG/HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and malondialdehyde induced by COC treatment were attenuated by VPA treatment. However, VPA did not have any effect on plasma aldosterone, corticosterone, ADA, circulating and hepatic free fatty acid. Our results demonstrate that suppression of plasma and hepatic XO activities, along with hepatic ADA activity and UA by VPA treatment, protects against disrupted glucoregulation and increased liver TG by COC independent of elevated corticosteroids. The findings imply that VPA would provide protection against the development of cardiometabolic disorder via inhibition of the ADA/XO/UA-mediated pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tolulope Eniola Omolekulo
- a HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Damilare Areola
- a HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Olufunto Olayinka Badmus
- a HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.,b Department of Public Health, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga Samuel Michael
- a HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.,c Cardiometabolic Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Inkyeom Kim
- d Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Lawrence Aderemi Olatunji
- a HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Resistance to steroid hormones presents a serious problem with respect to their mass use in therapy. It may be caused genetically by mutation of genes involved in hormonal signaling, not only steroid receptors, but also other players in the signaling cascade as co-regulators and other nuclear factors, mediating the hormone-born signal. Another possibility is acquired resistance which may develop under long-term steroid treatment, of which a particular case is down regulation of the receptors. In the review recent knowledge is summarized on the mechanism of main steroid hormone action, pointing to already proven or potential sites causing steroid resistance. We have attempted to address following questions: 1) What does stay behind differences among patients as to their response to the (anti)steroid treatment? 2) Why do various tissues/cells respond differently to the same steroid hormone though they contain the same receptors? 3) Are such differences genetically dependent? The main attention was devoted to glucocorticoids as the most frequently used steroid therapeutics. Further, androgen insensitivity is discussed with a particular attention to acquired resistance to androgen deprivation therapy of prostate cancer. Finally the potential causes are outlined of breast and related cancer(s) resistance to antiestrogen therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Hampl
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang W, Chen ZJ, Myatt L, Sun K. 11β-HSD1 in Human Fetal Membranes as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Preterm Birth. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:241-260. [PMID: 29385440 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human parturition is a complex process involving interactions between the myometrium and signals derived from the placenta, fetal membranes, and fetus. Signals originating from fetal membranes are crucial components that trigger parturition, which is clearly illustrated by the labor-initiating consequence of membrane rupture. It has been recognized for a long time that among fetal tissues in late gestation the fetal membranes possess the highest capacity for cortisol regeneration by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1). However, the exact role of this unique feature remains a mystery. Accumulating evidence indicates that this extra-adrenal source of cortisol may serve as an upstream signal for critical events in human parturition, including enhanced prostaglandin and estrogen synthesis as well as extracellular matrix remodeling. This may explain why such high capacity for cortisol regeneration develops in human fetal membranes at late gestation. Therefore, inhibition of 11β-HSD1 may provide a potential therapeutic target for prevention of preterm birth. This review summarizes the current understanding of the functional role of cortisol regeneration by 11β-HSD1 in human fetal membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wangsheng Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Leslie Myatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kang Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zalewska K, Pietrogrande G, Ong LK, Abdolhoseini M, Kluge M, Johnson SJ, Walker FR, Nilsson M. Sustained administration of corticosterone at stress-like levels after stroke suppressed glial reactivity at sites of thalamic secondary neurodegeneration. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:210-222. [PMID: 29162554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary neurodegeneration (SND) is an insidious and progressive condition involving the death of neurons in regions of the brain that were connected to but undamaged by the initial stroke. Our group have published compelling evidence that exposure to psychological stress can significantly exacerbate the severity SND, a finding that has considerable clinical implications given that stroke-survivors often report experiencing high and unremitting levels of psychological stress. It may be possible to use one or more targeted pharmacological approaches to limit the negative effects of stress on the recovery process but in order to move forward with this approach the most critical stress signals have to be identified. Accordingly, in the current study we have directed our attention to examining the potential effects of corticosterone, delivered orally at stress-like levels. Our interest is to determine how similar the effects of corticosterone are to stress on repair and remodelling that is known to occur after stroke. The study involved 4 groups, sham and stroke, either administered corticosterone or normal drinking water. The functional impact was assessed using the cylinder task for paw asymmetry, grid walk for sensorimotor function, inverted grid for muscle strength and coordination and open field for anxiety-like behaviour. Biochemically and histologically, we considered disturbances in main cellular elements of the neurovascular unit, including microglia, astrocytes, neurons and blood vessels using both immunohistochemistry and western blotting. In short, we identified that corticosterone delivery after stroke results in significant suppression of key microglial and astroglial markers. No changes were observed on the vasculature and in neuronal specific markers. No changes were identified for sensorimotor function or anxiety-like behaviour. We did, however, observe a significant change in motor function as assessed using the inverted grid walk test. Collectively, these results suggest that pharmacologically targeting corticosterone levels in the future may be warranted but that such an approach is unlikely to limit all the negative effects associated with exposure to chronic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Zalewska
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Giovanni Pietrogrande
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Lin Kooi Ong
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Australia
| | - Mahmoud Abdolhoseini
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Murielle Kluge
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah J Johnson
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Frederick R Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Australia.
| | - Michael Nilsson
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Liberman AC, Budziñski ML, Sokn C, Gobbini RP, Steininger A, Arzt E. Regulatory and Mechanistic Actions of Glucocorticoids on T and Inflammatory Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:235. [PMID: 29867767 PMCID: PMC5964134 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) play an important role in regulating the inflammatory and immune response and have been used since decades to treat various inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Fine-tuning the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity is instrumental in the search for novel therapeutic strategies aimed to reduce pathological signaling and restoring homeostasis. Despite the primary anti-inflammatory actions of GCs, there are studies suggesting that under certain conditions GCs may also exert pro-inflammatory responses. For these reasons the understanding of the GR basic mechanisms of action on different immune cells in the periphery (e.g., macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and T cells) and in the brain (microglia) contexts, that we review in this chapter, is a continuous matter of interest and may reveal novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of immune and inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Liberman
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) – CONICET – Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maia L. Budziñski
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) – CONICET – Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clara Sokn
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) – CONICET – Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Paula Gobbini
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) – CONICET – Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anja Steininger
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) – CONICET – Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Arzt
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) – CONICET – Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Eduardo Arzt,
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Association of HSD11B1 rs12086634 and HSD11B1 rs846910 gene polymorphisms with polycystic ovary syndrome in South Indian women. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-017-0596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
38
|
Schinke C, Hesse S, Stoppe M, Meyer K, Schmidt E, Orthgiess J, Bechmann L, Bresch A, Rullmann M, Luthardt J, Sabri O, Blüher M, Kratzsch J, Then Bergh F. Post-dexamethasone serum copeptin corresponds to HPA axis responsiveness in human obesity. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 78:39-47. [PMID: 28167369 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Increased activities of the arginine-vasopressin (AVP) system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis were shown to be associated with human obesity, but relationships between these systems in obesity remain unclear. OBJECTIVES To assess HPA axis responsiveness and its relation to serum concentrations of the AVP-surrogate copeptin in subjects with obesity (OB) in comparison to non-obesity controls (NOC). METHODS In a cross-sectional monocentric study, thirty-nine OB (f/m 25/14; age 36.5±10.0years; body mass index, BMI, 41.5±4.7kg/m2) were compared to twenty-two NOC (f/m 12/10; age 35.3±8.5years; BMI 23.1±2.4kg/m2), matched for age and sex. All individuals underwent the combined dexamethasone/CRH test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Plasma ACTH and cortisol curve indicators derived from the dex/CRH test (post-CRH concentrations 30min after 100μg CRH; maximum concentration, MAX; area-under-the-curve, AUC; ACTH/cortisol ratios). Copeptin was assessed in 1500h samples of the dex/CRH test (after 1.5mg of oral dexamethasone, prior to CRH administration). RESULTS Copeptin serum concentrations were higher in OB (median [IQR]: OB 4.62 [2.60-5.88] vs. NOC 3.04 [2.52-4.29] pmol/l, P=0.04). Correspondingly, OB showed higher post-CRH cortisol concentrations (OB: 51.5 [25.9-159.3] vs. NOC: 28.6 [20.0-41.6] nmol/l, P=0.01) and a lower post-CRH ACTH/cortisol ratio (OB: 0.028 [0.016-0.053] vs. NOC: 0.048 [0.034-0.070] pmol/nmol, P<0.01). Serum copeptin was significantly associated with HPA responsiveness in OB (post-CRH ACTH: R=0.42, P<0.01), driven by OB men (post-CRH ACTH: R=0.76, P<0.01, post-CRH cortisol: R=0.64, P=0.02). All associations withstand adjustments for BMI and age. CONCLUSIONS The association between increased copeptin with ACTH and cortisol release suggests a potential mechanistic interaction of the AVP system with HPA activation in human obesity. The relation of copeptin and HPA responsiveness should be further validated in situations with pronounced HPA activation, such as depression or multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schinke
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Swen Hesse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Muriel Stoppe
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klara Meyer
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisa Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Lukas Bechmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Bresch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Rullmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Luthardt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kratzsch
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Then Bergh
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wei B, Zhu Z, Xiang M, Song L, Guo W, Lin H, Li G, Zeng R. Corticosterone suppresses IL-1β-induced mPGE2 expression through regulation of the 11β-HSD1 bioactivity of synovial fibroblasts in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2161-2168. [PMID: 28565823 PMCID: PMC5443184 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between glucocorticoid activity regulation, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis, and synovial inflammation inhibition activity, through microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) expression regulated by the glucocorticoid pre-receptor regulator, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 (11β-HSD1). In the present study, fibroblast-like synovial cells of rats were studied as a cell model. Cells were stimulated with 10 ng/ml interleukin (IL)-1β for 24 h, and were subsequently, within the next 24 h, treated with or without 10-6 mmol/l corticosterone alone or with 100 nmol/l PF915275. At the end of the second 24 h, PGE2 levels in culture supernatants were assayed. Cells were harvested for mRNA evaluation of 11β-HSD1, mPGES-1, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and protein detection of 11β-HSD1 and mPGES-1 using reverse transcription-qualitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. Corticosterone was demonstrated to suppress the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α and PGE2, induced by IL-1β in vitro. Simultaneously, expression levels of 11β-HSD1 decreased significantly at the mRNA and protein levels (P<0.05). Cortisol concentration in the medium of the group treated with corticosterone was significantly increased (P<0.05) compared with that of the control group; however, the cortisol concentration was decreased in the medium when the conversion bioactivity of 11β-HSD1 was inhibited by PF915275, while the changes in 11β-HSD1 and mPGES-1 mRNA expression levels and PGE2 content were reversed in the medium. These results indicated that a significant positive correlation (P<0.01) may exist between mRNA and protein expression levels. To conclude, 11β-HSD1 is a key regulator for the synthesis of mPGES-1 and PGE2 in the inflammatory synovial cells in vitro, suggesting a potential interference target for osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wei
- Orthopedic Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Zhaobo Zhu
- Orthopedic Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Min Xiang
- Orthopedic Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Song
- Reproductive Research Department, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Weixiong Guo
- Orthopedic Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Hao Lin
- Orthopedic Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Guangsheng Li
- Orthopedic Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Orthopedic Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kunnathully V, Gomez-Lira M, Bassi G, Poli F, Zoratti E, La Verde V, Idolazzi L, Gatti D, Viapiana O, Adami S, Rossini M. CD14 ++ CD16 - monocytes are the main source of 11β-HSD type 1 after IL-4 stimulation. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 43:156-163. [PMID: 27998829 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory actions of IL-4 are well established through earlier findings. However, the exact mechanism it uses to downregulate the pro-inflammatory cytokine production through monocytes and macrophages is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effect of IL-4 in the induction of 11β-HSD1 in the two main classes of monocytes, CD14++ CD16- (CD14) and CD14+ CD16+ (CD16). Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 17 healthy donors and were sorted into CD14 and CD16 subpopulations using cell sorting. Effect of IL-4 on 11β-HSD1-enzyme activity was measured in sorted and unsorted monocytes using Homogeneous Time-Resolved Fluorescence (HTRF) and M1/M2 polarization analysis was performed by flow cytometry. Our results indicate that CD14 cells are the major source of 11β-HSD1 enzyme after IL-4 stimulation and that M2 phenotype is not a pre-requisite for its synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Kunnathully
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Verona, VR 37134, Italy.
| | - Macarena Gomez-Lira
- Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona, VR 37134, Italy.
| | - Giulio Bassi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Verona, VR 37134, Italy.
| | - Fabio Poli
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Verona, VR 37134, Italy.
| | - Elisa Zoratti
- Applied Research on Cancer Network, University of Verona, VR 37134, Italy.
| | - Valentina La Verde
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Verona, VR 37134, Italy.
| | - Luca Idolazzi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Verona, VR 37134, Italy.
| | - Davide Gatti
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Verona, VR 37134, Italy.
| | - Ombretta Viapiana
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Verona, VR 37134, Italy.
| | - Silvano Adami
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Verona, VR 37134, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Rossini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Verona, VR 37134, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dunford EC, Riddell MC. The Metabolic Implications of Glucocorticoids in a High-Fat Diet Setting and the Counter-Effects of Exercise. Metabolites 2016; 6:metabo6040044. [PMID: 27929385 PMCID: PMC5192450 DOI: 10.3390/metabo6040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones, naturally produced by activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, that mediate the immune and metabolic systems. Synthetic GCs are used to treat a number of inflammatory conditions and diseases including lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. Generally, chronic or high dose GC administration is associated with side effects such as steroid-induced skeletal muscle loss, visceral adiposity, and diabetes development. Patients who are taking exogenous GCs could also be more susceptible to poor food choices, but the effect that increasing fat consumption in combination with elevated exogenous GCs has only recently been investigated. Overall, these studies show that the damaging metabolic effects initiated through exogenous GC treatment are significantly amplified when combined with a high fat diet (HFD). Rodent studies of a HFD and elevated GCs demonstrate more glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, visceral adiposity, and skeletal muscle lipid deposition when compared to rodents subjected to either treatment on its own. Exercise has recently been shown to be a viable therapeutic option for GC-treated, high-fat fed rodents, with the potential mechanisms still being examined. Clinically, these mechanistic studies underscore the importance of a low fat diet and increased physical activity levels when individuals are given a course of GC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Dunford
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, Muscle Health Research Center and Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Unit, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Michael C Riddell
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, Muscle Health Research Center and Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Unit, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Smith C, Swart AC. Rooibos ( Aspalathus linearis ) facilitates an anti-inflammatory state, modulating IL-6 and IL-10 while not inhibiting the acute glucocorticoid response to a mild novel stressor in vivo. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
43
|
Aranda G, Careaga M, Hanzu FA, Patrascioiu I, Ríos P, Mora M, Morales-Romero B, Jiménez W, Halperin I, Casals G. Accuracy of immunoassay and mass spectrometry urinary free cortisol in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. Pituitary 2016; 19:496-502. [PMID: 27259502 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-016-0730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Urinary free cortisol (UFC) determination by highly specific methods as mass spectrometry instead of commercially available antibody-based immunoassays is increasingly recommended. However, clinical comparisons of both analytical approaches in the screening of Cushing's syndrome (CS) are not available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of mass spectrometry versus immunoassay measurements of 24 h-UFC in the screening of CS. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 33 histologically confirmed CS patients: 25 Cushing's disease, 5 adrenal CS and 3 ectopic CS; 92 non-CS patients; and 35 healthy controls. UFC by immunoassay (UFCxIA) and mass spectrometry (UFCxMS), urinary free cortisone (UFCo) and UFC:UFCo ratio were measured, together with creatinine-corrected values. Sensitivity, specificity, AUC and Landis and Koch concordance index were determined. RESULTS AUC for UFCxIA and UFCxMS were 0.77 (CI 0.68-0.87) and 0.77 (CI 0.67-0.87) respectively, with a kappa coefficient 0.60 and strong Landis and Koch concordance index. The best calculated cutoff values were 359 nmol/24 h for UFCxIA (78 % sensitivity, 62 % specificity) and 258.1 nmol/24 h for UCFxMS (53 % sensitivity, 86 % specificity). The upper limit of UFCxIA and UCFxMS reference ranges were 344.7 and 169.5 nmol/24 h respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for CS diagnosis at these cutpoints were 84 and 56 % for UFCxIA and 81 and 54 % for UFCxMS. CONCLUSIONS According to our data, both methods present a very similar diagnostic value. However, results suggest that lower cutoff points for mass spectrometry may be necessary in order to improve clinical sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Aranda
- Group of Endocrine Disorders, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Careaga
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F A Hanzu
- Group of Endocrine Disorders, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red, CIBERDEM, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Patrascioiu
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Ríos
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Mora
- Group of Endocrine Disorders, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red, CIBERDEM, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Morales-Romero
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clinic Universitari, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - W Jiménez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clinic Universitari, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedicine Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Halperin
- Group of Endocrine Disorders, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red, CIBERDEM, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Casals
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clinic Universitari, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are primary stress hormones that regulate a variety of physiologic processes and are essential for life. The actions of glucocorticoids are predominantly mediated through the classic glucocorticoid receptor (GR). GRs are expressed throughout the body, but there is considerable heterogeneity in glucocorticoid sensitivity and biologic responses across tissues. The conventional belief that glucocorticoids act through a single GR protein has changed dramatically with the discovery of a diverse collection of receptor isoforms. This article provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms that regulate glucocorticoid actions, highlights the dynamic nature of hormone signaling, and discusses the molecular properties of the GR isoforms.
Collapse
|
45
|
Pal'chikova NA, Kuznetsova NV, Selyatitskaya VG, Cherkasova OP, Kuz'mina OI. Effects of Intraperitoneal Administration of Mifepristone on Glucocorticoid Status of Experimental Animals. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016; 161:257-60. [PMID: 27383170 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the content of corticosterone and its precursors in the adrenal glands, corticosterone in blood serum and daily urine of rats, and activity of first and second isoforms of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the liver and kidneys of rats after 15 daily intraperitoneal injections of 0.9% NaCl or glucocorticoid receptor blocker mifepristone in 0.9% NaCl. Daily injections of NaCl reduced the levels of pregnenolone, progesterone, and corticosterone in the adrenal glands, increased corticosterone excretion with urine, enhanced activity of the first isoform of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the liver and reduction in activity of the second isoform of this enzyme in the kidneys. These changes are typical manifestations of chronic stress. Mifepristone restored pregnenolone content in the adrenal glands and increase in corticosterone concentration in the blood. Under these conditions, activity of the first isoform of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the liver did not change, and a decrease in activity of the second isoform of the enzyme in the kidneys was less pronounced. The results suggest that mifepristone abolished the stress-mediated increase in activity of the first isoform of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the liver and reduced local production of glucocorticoid hormones and their metabolic effects in hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N A Pal'chikova
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - N V Kuznetsova
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V G Selyatitskaya
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - O P Cherkasova
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - O I Kuz'mina
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Association Analysis between the Polymorphisms of HSD11B1 and H6PD and Risk of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Chinese Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140326. [PMID: 26452272 PMCID: PMC4599835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms of HSD11B1 (rs846908) and H6PD (rs6688832 and rs17368528) are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Chinese population. Materials and Methods A case-control study was implemented to investigate the association between HSD11B1 and H6PD polymorphisms and PCOS. Patients with PCOS (n = 335) and controls (n = 354) were recruited in this study. Genetic variants of HSD11B1 (rs846908) and H6PD (rs6688832 and rs17368528) were analyzed by TaqMan method. Results We found a significantly 0.79-fold lower risk of G allele of rs6688832 in control group compared with the patients with PCOS (adjusted OR, 0.79; 95%CI = 0.63–0.99; P = 0.040). Additionally, significant difference in the levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was observed between AA and AG genotype in rs6688832. The rs6688832 AG genotype was associated with lower level of FSH (P = 0.039) and higher risk of hyperandrogenism (P = 0.016) in patients with PCOS. When all subjects were divided into different subgroups according to age and body mass index (BMI), we found that the frequency of G allele of rs6688832 was significantly higher in controls than that in PCOS patients in the subgroup of BMI > 23 (adjusted OR, 0.70; 95% CI = 0.50–0.98; P = 0.037). Conclusions Our findings showed a statistical association between H6PD rs6688832 and PCOS risk in Chinese population. The G allele of rs6688832 in H6PD might exert potential genetic protective role against the development of PCOS, especially in overweight women. PCOS patients with AG genotype of rs6688832 might confer risk to the phenotype of hyperandrogenemia of PCOS.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Endogenous glucocorticoids regulate a variety of physiologic processes and are crucial to the systemic stress response. Glucocorticoid receptors are expressed throughout the body, but there is considerable heterogeneity in glucocorticoid sensitivity and induced biological responses across tissues. The immunoregulatory properties of glucocorticoids are exploited in the clinic for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders as well as certain hematological malignancies, but adverse side effects hamper prolonged use. Fully understanding the molecular events that shape the physiologic effects of glucocorticoid treatment will provide insight into optimal glucocorticoid therapies, reliable assessment of glucocorticoid sensitivity in patients, and may advance the development of novel GR agonists that exert immunosuppressive effects while avoiding harmful side effects. In this review, we provide an overview of mechanisms that affect glucocorticoid specificity and sensitivity in health and disease, focusing on the distinct isoforms of the glucocorticoid receptor and their unique regulatory and functional properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek W Cain
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review highlights recent investigations in the prior 18 months focusing on the role of dysregulated cortisol physiology in obesity as a potential modifiable mechanism in the pathogenesis of obesity-related cardiometabolic disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Given the clinical resemblance of obesity-related metabolic disorders with the Cushing's syndrome, new studies have investigated the intracellular regulation and metabolism of cortisol, new measurements of cortisol in scalp hair as a tool for long-term exposure to cortisol, and the cortisol-mineralocorticoid receptor pathway. Thus, current and future pharmacological interventions in obesity may include specific inhibition of steroidogenic and regulatory enzymes as well as antagonists of the mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors. SUMMARY The understanding of how adrenal function is challenged by the interplay of our genetic and environmental milieu has highlighted the importance of inappropriate cortisol regulation in cardiometabolic disorders. Increased adipose tissue in obesity is associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis overactivation, increased cortisol production at the local tissue level, and probably higher mineralocorticoid receptor activation in certain tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rene Baudrand
- Department of Endocrinology, School Of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica De Chile, Santiago 8330074, Chile
- Director of the Endocrine Hypertension and Adrenal Disease Program, School Of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica De Chile, Santiago 8330074, Chile
| | - Anand Vaidya
- Center for Adrenal Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cornell S. Continual evolution of type 2 diabetes: an update on pathophysiology and emerging treatment options. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2015; 11:621-32. [PMID: 25931824 PMCID: PMC4404882 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s67387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex and progressive disease that has a major societal and economic impact. The most common form of diabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is a multifactorial disease, the pathophysiology of which involves not only the pancreas but also the liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, brain, and kidney. Novel therapies with mechanisms of action that are different from most existing drugs are emerging. One such class consists of compounds that inhibit renal sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, which is responsible for the bulk of glucose reabsorption by the kidneys. This new class of compounds improves glycemic control independently of insulin and promotes weight reduction, providing an additional tool to treat patients with T2DM. This review discusses the underlying pathophysiology of T2DM, clinical guidelines, and available and emerging treatment options, with particular emphasis on sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Cornell
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Brunton SA. Hypoglycemic Potential of Current and Emerging Pharmacotherapies in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Postgrad Med 2015; 124:74-83. [DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2012.07.2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|