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Zhao X, Schalkwijk C, Kroon A, Schram MT, Stehouwer C, Houben A. Different Measures of Hyperglycemia Are Negatively Associated With Skin Microvascular Flowmotion: The Maastricht Study. Microcirculation 2024:e12882. [PMID: 39171989 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes can lead to microvascular complications such as diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. Hyperglycemia may initiate microvascular function impairment early in the course of diabetes, even prior to its clinical establishment during the pre-diabetes stage. Microvascular vasomotion, that is, the rhythmic arteriolar constriction and dilation, is an important function that regulates oxygen and nutrient delivery within the tissue and regulates peripheral resistance. Using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), vasomotion in skin microcirculation can be measured as flowmotion. Changes in flowmotion have been shown in individuals with obesity, and type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, no data are available on associations between hyperglycemia and flowmotion in the general population. Our aim was to study whether measures of hyperglycemia were associated with different components of skin microvascular flowmotion (SMF) in a population-based cohort (The Maastricht Study). METHODS Data from 7293 participants of The Maastricht Study were used. SMF was measured using LDF. Endothelial, neurogenic and myogenic component SMF power were used as dependent variables. We investigated the associations of glucose metabolism status (normal glucose metabolism, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus), measures of hyperglycemia (fasting plasma glucose [FPG], 2-h post-load glucose [2 h-PG], HbA1c, advanced glycation end-products [AGEs] assessed as skin autofluorescence [SAF]), and indices of glucose variability (incremental glucose peak [IGP] and continuous glucose monitoring [CGM] -assessed as standard deviation [SD]) with each component of SMF power. We used linear regression analyses with adjustments for confounders, and trend analyses. RESULTS We observed consistent negative associations between HbA1c levels and all three (endothelial, neurogenic, and myogenic) skin microvascular flowmotion (SMF) powers in the additionally adjusted model. Similarly, in the conservative model, we found that multiple hyperglycemia metrics such as GMS trend, PreD, T2DM, FPG, 2 h-PG, and HbA1c were consistently negatively associated with all three SMF powers. CONCLUSIONS We showed that skin microvascular flowmotion is reduced in individuals with (pre)diabetes. In addition, different measures of hyperglycemia are negatively associated with skin microvascular flowmotion.
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Grants
- OP-Zuid, the Province of Limburg, the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs (grant 31O.041), Stichting De Weijerhorst (Maastricht, the Netherlands), the Pearl String Initiative Diabetes (Amsterdam, the Netherlands), the Cardiovascular Center (CVC, Maastricht, the Netherlands), CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (Maastricht, the Netherlands), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care (Maastricht, the Netherlands), NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (Maa
- X.Zhao is supported by the Chinese Scholarship Council (202009120014)
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhao
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C Schalkwijk
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Kroon
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M T Schram
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Heart and Vascular Center, MUMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Stehouwer
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Houben
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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2
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Fan J, Liu Q, Liu X, Gong M, Leong II, Tsang Y, Xu X, Lei S, Duan L, Zhang Y, Liao M, Zhuang L. The effect of epigenetic aging on neurodegenerative diseases: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1372518. [PMID: 38800486 PMCID: PMC11116635 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1372518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Aging has always been considered as a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, but there are individual differences and its mechanism is not yet clear. Epigenetics may unveil the relationship between aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Methods Our study employed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design to assess the potential causal association between epigenetic aging and neurodegenerative diseases. We utilized publicly available summary datasets from several genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Our investigation focused on multiple measures of epigenetic age as potential exposures and outcomes, while the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases served as potential exposures and outcomes. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the accuracy of the results. Results The results show a significant decrease in risk of Parkinson's disease with GrimAge (OR = 0.8862, 95% CI 0.7914-0.9924, p = 0.03638). Additionally, we identified that HannumAge was linked to an increased risk of Multiple Sclerosis (OR = 1.0707, 95% CI 1.0056-1.1401, p = 0.03295). Furthermore, we also found that estimated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) levels demonstrated an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (OR = 1.0001, 95% CI 1.0000-1.0002, p = 0.04425). Beyond that, we did not observe any causal associations between epigenetic age and neurodegenerative diseases risk. Conclusion The findings firstly provide evidence for causal association of epigenetic aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Exploring neurodegenerative diseases from an epigenetic perspective may contribute to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Fan
- Institute of Neurology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Institute of Neurology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Neurology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengjiao Gong
- Institute of Neurology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ian I. Leong
- Institute of Neurology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - YauKeung Tsang
- Institute of Neurology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Institute of Neurology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suying Lei
- Institute of Neurology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lining Duan
- Institute of Neurology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Institute of Neurology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muxi Liao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixing Zhuang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Schinzari F, Tesauro M, Cardillo C. Vasodilator Dysfunction in Human Obesity: Established and Emerging Mechanisms. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:S40-S52. [PMID: 34840258 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Human obesity is associated with insulin resistance and often results in a number of metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular complications. Over the past decades, substantial advances in the understanding of the cellular and molecular pathophysiological pathways underlying the obesity-related vascular dysfunction have facilitated better identification of several players participating in this abnormality. However, the complex interplay between the disparate mechanisms involved has not yet been fully elucidated. Moreover, in medical practice, the clinical syndromes stemming from obesity-related vascular dysfunction still carry a substantial burden of morbidity and mortality; thus, early identification and personalized clinical management seem of the essence. Here, we will initially describe the alterations of intravascular homeostatic mechanisms occurring in arteries of obese patients. Then, we will briefly enumerate those recognized causative factors of obesity-related vasodilator dysfunction, such as vascular insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, visceral adipose tissue expansion, and perivascular adipose tissue abnormalities; next, we will discuss in greater detail some emerging pathophysiological mechanisms, including skeletal muscle inflammation, signals from gut microbiome, and the role of extracellular vesicles and microRNAs. Finally, it will touch on some gaps in knowledge, as well as some current acquisitions for specific treatment regimens, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 enhancers and sodium-glucose transporter2 inhibitors, that could arrest or slow the progression of this abnormality full of unwanted consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; and
| | - Carmine Cardillo
- Department of Aging, Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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4
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Rahimi GRM, Yousefabadi HA, Niyazi A, Rahimi NM, Alikhajeh Y. Effects of Lifestyle Intervention on Inflammatory Markers and Waist Circumference in Overweight/Obese Adults With Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Biol Res Nurs 2021; 24:94-105. [PMID: 34702086 DOI: 10.1177/10998004211044754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity and an imbalanced diet could lead to some cardio metabolic risk factors. OBJECTIVE The objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of lifestyle modification on inflammatory indicators and waist circumference (WC) in overweight/obese subjects with metabolic syndrome (MS). DATA SOURCES A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. STUDY SELECTION The selection criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of lifestyle interventions on inflammation and WC from inception to 20 December 2020. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) between interventions were computed using a random or fixed-effects model. RESULTS Six RCTs (including 1246 MS patients who had, on average, overweight/obesity) met all inclusion criteria. Interventions lasted 6 to 12 months (2-5 sessions per week). Lifestyle intervention significantly reduced C-reactive protein (WMD: -0.52 mg/ml, 95% CI: -0.72, -0.33), IL-6 (WMD: -0.50 pg/ml, 95% CI: -0.56, -0.45), and increased adiponectin (WMD: 0.81 µg/ml, 95% CI, 0.64, 0.98). Moreover, lifestyle modification significantly decreased WC (WMD: -3.12 cm, 95% CI, -4.61, -1.62). CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence that lifestyle alterations, including physical activity and diet, can lead to significant improvement in abdominal obesity, measured by WC and some inflammation markers among overweight/obese individuals with MS. Further high-quality research is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the effect of such interventions on this population's inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arghavan Niyazi
- Sanabad Institution of Higher Education Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Yaser Alikhajeh
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Educational Science and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
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6
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Tremblay A, Clinchamps M, Pereira B, Courteix D, Lesourd B, Chapier R, Obert P, Vinet A, Walther G, Chaplais E, Bagheri R, Baker JS, Thivel D, Drapeau V, Dutheil F. Dietary Fibres and the Management of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: The RESOLVE Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102911. [PMID: 32977595 PMCID: PMC7650763 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the long-term maintenance of nutritional changes promoted during an intensive initial intervention to induce body weight loss. The ability of these changes to predict long-term health outcomes was also examined. Methods: Nutritional variables, body composition, and metabolic markers collected in the RESOLVE project were analyzed before and after a 3-week intensive diet–exercise intervention (Phase 1), and during a subsequent supervision under free living conditions, of 12 months (Phase 2). Results: As expected, the macronutrient composition of the diet was modified to promote a negative energy balance during Phase 1. The decrease in carbohydrates imposed during this phase was maintained during Phase 2 whereas the increase in protein intake returned to baseline values at the end of the program. Dietary fiber intake was almost doubled during Phase 1 and remained significantly greater than baseline values throughout Phase 2. Moreover, fiber intake was the only nutritional variable that systematically and significantly predicted variations of health outcomes in the study. Conclusion: The adequacy of dietary fiber intake should be a matter of primary consideration in diet-based weight reduction programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Tremblay
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +418-656-7294; Fax: +418-656-3044
| | - Maëlys Clinchamps
- Preventive and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.C.); (F.D.)
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Daniel Courteix
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.C.); (B.L.); (D.T.)
| | - Bruno Lesourd
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.C.); (B.L.); (D.T.)
| | | | - Philippe Obert
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharm-ecology (LaPEC EA4278), Université d’Avignon, 84000 Avignon, France; (P.O.); (A.V.); (G.W.)
| | - Agnes Vinet
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharm-ecology (LaPEC EA4278), Université d’Avignon, 84000 Avignon, France; (P.O.); (A.V.); (G.W.)
| | - Guillaume Walther
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharm-ecology (LaPEC EA4278), Université d’Avignon, 84000 Avignon, France; (P.O.); (A.V.); (G.W.)
| | - Elodie Chaplais
- Laboratory “Development, Adaption and Disability” (DevAH-EA 3450), Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran;
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong;
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.C.); (B.L.); (D.T.)
- Physical Institut, Universitaire de France, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Vicky Drapeau
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.C.); (B.L.); (D.T.)
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Preventive and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.C.); (F.D.)
- Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, LaPSCo, CNRS, University Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Witty Fit, 75000 Paris, France
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7
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Reynès C, Vinet A, Maltinti O, Knapp Y. Minimizing the duration of laser Doppler flowmetry recordings while maintaining wavelet analysis quality: A methodological study. Microvasc Res 2020; 131:104034. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Högstedt A, Iredahl F, Tesselaar E, Farnebo S. Effect of N G -monomethyl l-arginine on microvascular blood flow and glucose metabolism after an oral glucose load. Microcirculation 2019; 27:e12597. [PMID: 31628700 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether the effects on local blood flow and metabolic changes observed in the skin after an endogenous systemic increase in insulin are mediated by the endothelial nitric oxide pathway, by administering the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG -monomethyl l-arginine using microdialysis. METHODS Microdialysis catheters, perfused with NG -monomethyl l-arginine and with a control solution, were inserted intracutaneously in 12 human subjects, who received an oral glucose load to induce a systemic hyperinsulinemia. During microdialysis, the local blood flow was measured by urea clearance and by laser speckle contrast imaging, and glucose metabolites were measured. RESULTS After oral glucose intake, microvascular blood flow and glucose metabolism were both significantly suppressed in the NG -monomethyl l-arginine catheter compared to the control catheter (urea clearance: P < .006, glucose dialysate concentration: P < .035). No significant effect of NG -monomethyl l-arginine on microvascular blood flow was observed with laser speckle contrast imaging (P = .81). CONCLUSION Local delivery of NG -monomethyl l-arginine to the skin by microdialysis reduces microvascular blood flow and glucose delivery in the skin after oral glucose intake, presumably by decreasing local insulin-mediated vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Högstedt
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Iredahl
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Erik Tesselaar
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Simon Farnebo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Olver TD, Laughlin MH, Padilla J. Exercise and Vascular Insulin Sensitivity in the Skeletal Muscle and Brain. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2019; 47:66-74. [PMID: 30883470 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We present the hypothesis that exercise-induced hyperemia, perhaps through vascular shear stress, represents an important factor responsible for the effects of physical activity (PA) on vascular insulin sensitivity. Specifically, we postulate PA involving the greatest amount of skeletal muscle mass and the greatest central neural recruitment maximizes perfusion and consequently enhances vascular insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dylan Olver
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - M Harold Laughlin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, and.,Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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10
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Lan D, Shen X, Yuan W, Zhou Y, Huang Q. Sumoylation of PPARγ contributes to vascular endothelium insulin resistance through stabilizing the PPARγ-NcoR complex. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19663-19674. [PMID: 30982983 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sumoylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) affects its stabilization, sublocalization, and transcriptional activity. However, it remains largely unknown whether PPARγ sumoylation inhibits the transactivation effect, leading to endothelium insulin resistance (IR). To test this possibility, human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) with a 90% confluence were randomly allocated to two batches. One batch was first pretreated with or without vitamin E for 24 hr and the other infected with adenoviruses containing either PIAS1-shRNA (protein inhibitor of activated STAT1-short hairpin RNA) or scramble shRNA. Cells were suffered from high glucose and palmitic acid (PA) exposure for further 48 hr. The levels of PPARγ, p-IKK, IKK, and NcoR (nuclear corepressors) were measured by western blot analysis. The interaction of IKK and PIAS1, as well as the PPARγ sumoylation, were examined by coimmunoprecipitation. The results showed that the exposure of high glucose and PA induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and IKK activation in HUVECs, promoting the interaction of IKK and PIAS1 and the sumoylation of PPARγ. However, vitamin E and PIAS1-shRNA partially decreased ROS production and IKK activation induced by high glucose and PA exposure. These data indicate that ROS-IKK-PIAS1 pathway mediates PPARγ sumoylation, leading to endothelium IR via stabilizing PPARγ-NcoR complex. These findings benefit understanding of regulatory networks of insulin signaling, which might provide a potential target to prevent and cure IR-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyi Lan
- The First Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Shen
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanwan Yuan
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Zhou
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiren Huang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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11
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Tremblay A, Dutheil F, Drapeau V, Metz L, Lesour B, Chapier R, Pereira B, Verney J, Baker JS, Vinet A, Walther G, Obert P, Courteix D, Thivel D. Long-term effects of high-intensity resistance and endurance exercise on plasma leptin and ghrelin in overweight individuals: the RESOLVE Study. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:1172-1179. [PMID: 30875481 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of high-intensity resistance and endurance exercise on body composition and plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations in overweight individuals. One hundred participants were randomly assigned to 3 exercise interventions: high-resistance-low-aerobic exercise (Re), low-resistance-high-aerobic exercise (rE), low-resistance-low-aerobic exercise (re). Interventions began with 3 weeks of residential supervision (phase 1) after which participants had to manage the physical activity programs individually (phase 2). Body composition and plasma variables were measured at baseline and after phase 1 as well as after 3, 6, and 12 months. Significant decreases in body weight and fat were observed after phase 1 (p < 0.001) and continued at a lower rate for up to 3 months and then remained stable for the rest of the protocol. Once a body weight plateau was reached, body fat loss after the Re and rE conditions exceeded the fat loss observed in the re condition by 1.5-2 kg (p < 0.05). Leptin was significantly decreased after day 21 and month 3 (p < 0.001) and remained stable for the rest of the study. Ghrelin was significantly increased after day 21 and month 3 (p < 0.001) and returned to a level comparable to baseline between month 6 and 12 when body weight and fat had reached a plateau. In conclusion, this study reinforces the idea that an increase in exercise intensity may accentuate body fat loss before the occurrence of a body weight plateau. Resistance to further fat loss was accompanied by a decrease in plasma leptin and an increase in plasma ghrelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Tremblay
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC G0A 4V0, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Québec, QC G0A 4V0, Canada
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, WittyFit, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Vicky Drapeau
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC G0A 4V0, Canada.,Department of Physical Education, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Lore Metz
- Clermont Auvergne University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Lesour
- CHU G. Montpied, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Bruno Pereira
- Clermont-Ferrand University hospital, Biostatistics unit (DRCI), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Verney
- Clermont Auvergne University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien S Baker
- Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Sciences, School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, Lanarkshire G72 0BN, Scotland, UK
| | - Agnes Vinet
- Avignon University LAPEC EA4278, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | | | - Philippe Obert
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC G0A 4V0, Canada
| | - Daniel Courteix
- Clermont Auvergne University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Thivel
- Clermont Auvergne University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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12
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Marini E, Mariani PG, Ministrini S, Pippi R, Aiello C, Reginato E, Siepi D, Innocente S, Lombardini R, Paltriccia R, Kararoudi MN, Lupattelli G, De Feo P, Pasqualini L. Combined aerobic and resistance training improves microcirculation in metabolic syndrome. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 59:1571-1576. [PMID: 30421869 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.09077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise intervention improves macrovascular function in metabolic syndrome (MeS) patients, but few studies have evaluated the effect of exercise on microcirculatory dysfunction, which plays a key role in the development of MeS and its correlated organ damage. We carried out this intervention study to evaluate the influence of an aerobic and resistance training on skin microvascular reactivity in MeS patients. METHODS Postocclusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) of the forearm skin was evaluated, by laser-Doppler flowmetry, before and after a 12-week program of aerobic and resistance training in 15 MeS patients referring to our Lipid Metabolism Outpatients Clinic, together with anthropometric, fitness and metabolic parameters; 15 matched MeS patients who did not exercise, served as a control group. The exercise training consisted of 2 sessions/week of aerobic and resistant exercise. RESULTS Following exercise program, we observed a significant reduction in body weight, fat mass, fasting blood glucose, serum HbA1c and triglycerides, while HDL-cholesterol significantly increased. The exercise-treated group experienced a significant improvement in the area of hyperemia (AH) after PORH, and in all fitness parameters: VO2max, strength on the pulldown lat machine, chest press, leg press and leg extension. A significant correlation emerged between the increase in AH and the reduction in HbA1c and between increase in AH and strength at the chest press, and at the leg extension. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that a short-term combined aerobic-resistance training positively affects microvascular reactivity in MeS patients. This improvement is correlated with the reduction of HbA1c and fitness parameters, and particularly with increased muscle strength at the upper and lower limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Marini
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy -
| | - Pietro G Mariani
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Ministrini
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Pippi
- Department of Medicine, Healthy Lifestyle Institute CURIAMO, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina Aiello
- Department of Medicine, Healthy Lifestyle Institute CURIAMO, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Reginato
- Department of Medicine, Healthy Lifestyle Institute CURIAMO, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Donatella Siepi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Innocente
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rita Lombardini
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rita Paltriccia
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Meisam N Kararoudi
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Graziana Lupattelli
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo De Feo
- Department of Medicine, Healthy Lifestyle Institute CURIAMO, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Leonella Pasqualini
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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13
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Kong Y, Gao Y, Lan D, Zhang Y, Zhan R, Liu M, Zhu Z, Zeng G, Huang Q. Trans-repression of NFκB pathway mediated by PPARγ improves vascular endothelium insulin resistance. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:216-226. [PMID: 30398029 PMCID: PMC6307800 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous study has shown that thiazolidinediones (TZDs) improved endothelium insulin resistance (IR) induced by high glucose concentration (HG)/hyperglycaemia through a PPARγ‐dependent‐NFκB trans‐repression mechanism. However, it is unclear, whether changes in PPARγ expression affect the endothelium IR and what the underlying mechanism is. In the present study, we aimed to address this issue. HG‐treated human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) were transfected by either PPARγ‐overexpressing (Ad‐PPARγ) or PPARγ‐shRNA‐containing (Ad‐PPARγ‐shRNA) adenoviral vectors. Likewise, the rats fed by high‐fat diet (HFD) were infected by intravenous administration of Ad‐PPARγ or Ad‐PPARγ‐shRNA. The levels of nitric oxide (NO), endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) and cytokines (TNFα, IL‐6, sICAM‐1 and sVCAM‐1) and the expression levels of PPARγ, eNOS, AKT, p‐AKT, IKKα/β and p‐IKKα/β and IκBα were examined; and the interaction between PPARγ and NFκB‐P65 as well as vascular function were evaluated. Our present results showed that overexpression of PPARγ notably increased the levels of NO, eNOS, p‐AKT and IκBα as well as the interaction of PPARγ and NFκB‐P65, and decreased the levels of ET‐1, p‐IKKα/β, TNFα, IL‐6, sICAM‐1 and sVCAM‐1. In contrast, down‐expression of PPARγ displayed the opposite effects. The results demonstrate that the overexpression of PPARγ improves while the down‐expression worsens the endothelium IR via a PPARγ‐mediated NFκB trans‐repression dependent manner. The findings suggest PPARγ is a potential therapeutic target for diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kong
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dongyi Lan
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rixin Zhan
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meiqi Liu
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhouan Zhu
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiren Huang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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14
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Dimassi S, Karkeni E, Laurant P, Tabka Z, Landrier JF, Riva C. Microparticle miRNAs as Biomarkers of Vascular Function and Inflammation Response to Aerobic Exercise in Obesity? Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1584-1593. [PMID: 30260095 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the role of nine microRNAs (miRNAs) in microparticles (MPs) on the efficacy of aerobic exercise in the regulation of inflammation and vascular function in obesity. METHODS Sedentary women with normal weight (n = 6, BMI < 25 kg/m2 ) and women with obesity (n = 9, BMI > 30 kg/m2 ) were recruited at F. Hached Hospital (Sousse, Tunisia) and enrolled in an 8-week aerobic program. Vascular function was assessed using laser Doppler flowmetry/iontophoresis, circulating MPs by flow cytometry, miRNAs by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and inflammation by ELISA, before and after exercise. RESULTS Women with obesity presented with high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and a higher circulating MP level compared with healthy subjects. The MP miRNA profile was significantly different in the two groups. Exercise reduced BMI and inflammation in both groups and significantly improved endothelial-dependent response (acetylcholine cutaneous vascular conductance) for healthy subjects, with a trend for women with obesity. Circulating MP level was increased after exercise, and miRNA expression was differentially modulated in both populations. Pearson analysis revealed a correlation between MPs miR-124a and miR150 and adiponectin, TNFα, or IL-6 levels. CONCLUSIONS The relation between MPs and miRNA profile, inflammation, vascular function, and exercise is of particular interest for defining "miRNA biomarker signature" in patients with cardiovascular disease who are potentially susceptible to respond to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esma Karkeni
- INSERM, INRA, C2VN Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Zouhair Tabka
- Physiologie de l'Exercice et Physiopathologie: de l'Intégré au Moléculaire, Biologie, Médecine et Santé, UR12ES06, Faculty of Medicine, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia
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15
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Vinet A, Obert P, Courteix D, Chapier R, Lesourd B, Verney J, Dutheil F, Walther G. Different modalities of exercise improve macrovascular function but not microvascular function in metabolic syndrome: The RESOLVE randomized trial. Int J Cardiol 2018; 267:165-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Schütten MTJ, Kusters YHAM, Houben AJHM, Scheijen JLJM, van de Waarenburg MPH, Schalkwijk CG, Joris PJ, Plat J, Mensink RP, de Leeuw PW, Stehouwer CDA. Aldosterone Is Not Associated With Metabolic and Microvascular Insulin Sensitivity in Abdominally Obese Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:759-767. [PMID: 29211893 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Impaired insulin-mediated muscle microvascular recruitment (IMMR) may add to the development of insulin resistance and hypertension. Increased aldosterone levels have been linked to these obesity-related complications in severely to morbidly obese individuals and to impaired microvascular function in experimental studies. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether aldosterone levels are associated with IMMR, insulin sensitivity, and blood pressure in lean and moderately abdominally obese men, and to study the effect of weight loss. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, INTERVENTION, MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES In 25 lean and 53 abdominally obese men, 24-hour blood pressure measurement was performed, and aldosterone levels were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by determining whole-body glucose disposal during a hyperinsulinemic clamp. IMMR in forearm skeletal muscle was measured with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. These assessments were repeated in the abdominally obese men following an 8-week weight loss or weight stable period. RESULTS Sodium excretion and aldosterone levels were similar in lean and abdominally obese participants, but sodium excretion was inversely associated with aldosterone concentration only in the lean individuals [lean, β/100 mmol sodium excretion (adjusted for age and urinary potassium excretion) = -0.481 (95% confidence interval, -0.949 to -0.013); abdominally obese, β/100 mmol sodium excretion = -0.081 (95% confidence interval, -0.433 to 0.271); P for interaction = 0.02]. Aldosterone was not associated with IMMR, insulin sensitivity, or blood pressure and was unaffected by weight loss. CONCLUSION In moderately abdominally obese men, the inverse relationship between sodium excretion and aldosterone concentration is less than that in lean men but does not translate into higher aldosterone levels. The absolute aldosterone level does not explain differences in microvascular and metabolic insulin sensitivity and blood pressure between lean and moderately abdominally obese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica T J Schütten
- Department of Internal Medicine, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yvo H A M Kusters
- Department of Internal Medicine, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons J H M Houben
- Department of Internal Medicine, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jean L J M Scheijen
- Department of Internal Medicine, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjo P H van de Waarenburg
- Department of Internal Medicine, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Joris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter W de Leeuw
- Department of Internal Medicine, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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17
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Clough GF, Kuliga KZ, Chipperfield AJ. Flow motion dynamics of microvascular blood flow and oxygenation: Evidence of adaptive changes in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus/insulin resistance. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 27809397 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An altered spatial heterogeneity and temporal stability of network perfusion can give rise to a limited adaptive ability to meet metabolic demands. Derangement of local flow motion activity is associated with reduced microvascular blood flow and tissue oxygenation, and it has been suggested that changes in flow motion activity may provide an early indicator of declining, endothelial, neurogenic, and myogenic regulatory mechanisms and signal the onset and progression of microvascular pathophysiology. This short conference review article explores some of the evidence for altered flow motion dynamics of blood flux signals acquired using laser Doppler fluximetry in the skin in individuals at risk of developing or with cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Z Kuliga
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrew J Chipperfield
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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18
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Obert P, Walther G, Dutheil F, Lesourd B, Chapier R, Courteix D, Vinet A. Regional myocardial function abnormalities are associated with macro- and microcirculation dysfunction in the metabolic syndrome: the RESOLVE study. Heart Vessels 2018; 33:688-694. [PMID: 29352759 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-017-1108-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in myocardial and vascular function have been reported in the metabolic syndrome (MetS), but whether these alterations are related remains poorly documented. Our aim was accordingly to investigate interrelationships between macro- and microcirculatory vasoreactivity and left ventricular (LV) myocardial function in MetS patients. Eighty-eight MetS individuals and 44 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled. LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) was measured using Vector Velocity Imaging. Endothelial-dependent and independent reactivity in macro- and microcirculatory territories was established using flow-mediated dilation and nitrate-mediated dilation of the brachial artery and cutaneous blood flow measured with laser Doppler flowmetry in response to iontophoresis of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside, respectively. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) was measured according to the Mannheim consensus. Compared to controls, MetS patients presented with reduced GLS (p < 0.001) increased cIMT and impaired (p < 0.001) endothelial and smooth muscle function of the brachial artery and the forearm skin microcirculation. Highly significant relationships (p < 0.01) were noticed between GLS and vascular outcomes. In addition, cIMT (β = 0.21, p = 0.024) and microcirculatory endothelium-dependent reactivity (β = - 0.20, p = 0.035) were identified as independent predictors of GLS. In MetS, abnormalities in myocardial function and endothelial as well as smooth muscle function of small and large arteries co-exist and are closely associated. This study supports a role for microvascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of LV myocardial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Obert
- LAPEC EA4278, Faculty of Sciences, University of Avignon, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, 84916, Avignon Cedex 9, France.
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Guillaume Walther
- LAPEC EA4278, Faculty of Sciences, University of Avignon, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, 84916, Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), EA3533, Blaise Pascal University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand CHU, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Lesourd
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), EA3533, Blaise Pascal University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand CHU, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Daniel Courteix
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), EA3533, Blaise Pascal University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Agnes Vinet
- LAPEC EA4278, Faculty of Sciences, University of Avignon, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, 84916, Avignon Cedex 9, France
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19
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Agner VFC, Garcia MC, Taffarel AA, Mourão CB, da Silva IP, da Silva SP, Peccin MS, Lombardi I. Effects of concurrent training on muscle strength in older adults with metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 75:158-164. [PMID: 29306767 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent among older adults. Concurrent training comprises muscle strengthening and aerobic exercise. OBJECTIVE Determine the effects of a concurrent training program on muscle strength, walking function, metabolic profile, cardiovascular risk, use of medications and quality of life among older adults with metabolic syndrome. METHODS A randomised, controlled, blind, clinical trial was conducted in the city of Santos, state of São Paulo, Brazil, involving 41 male and female older adults. The participants were randomly allocated to a control group (n = 18) and intervention group (n = 23) and were submitted to the following evaluations: strength - 1 maximum repetition (1MR) for 12 muscle groups; the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT); blood concentrations of cholesterol and glucose; the use of medications; and the administration of the SF-36 questionnaire. The intervention was conducted twice a week over a total of 24 sessions of concurrent training: 50 min of strength exercises (40-70% 1MR) and 40 min of walking exercises (70-85% maximum heart rate). RESULTS Increases in muscle strength were found in the upper and lower limbs in the inter-group analysis and a greater distance travelled on the 6MWT was found in the intervention group (p = 0.001). The intervention group demonstrated a reduction in the consumption of biguanides (p = 0.002). No changes were found regarding metabolic profile, cardiovascular risk or self-perceived quality of life. CONCLUSION The findings of this clinical trial can be used for the prescription of concurrent training for older adults with metabolic syndrome for gains in muscle strength and walking distance as well as a reduction in the use of biguanides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Fernanda Clemente Agner
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Baixada Santista Campus, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia Carvalho Garcia
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Baixada Santista Campus, SP, Brazil
| | - Andre Andriolli Taffarel
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Baixada Santista Campus, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Baudini Mourão
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Baixada Santista Campus, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sara Pereira da Silva
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Baixada Santista Campus, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Stella Peccin
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Baixada Santista Campus, SP, Brazil
| | - Império Lombardi
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Baixada Santista Campus, SP, Brazil.
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20
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Dutheil F, Gordon BA, Naughton G, Crendal E, Courteix D, Chaplais E, Thivel D, Lac G, Benson AC. Cardiovascular risk of adipokines: a review. J Int Med Res 2017; 46:2082-2095. [PMID: 28974138 PMCID: PMC6023062 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517706578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the understanding of adipose tissue has undergone radical change. The perception has evolved from an inert energy storage tissue to that of an active endocrine organ. Adipose tissue releases a cluster of active molecules named adipokines. The severity of obesity-related diseases does not necessarily correlate with the extent of body fat accumulation but is closely related to body fat distribution, particularly to visceral localization. There is a distinction between the metabolic function of central obesity (visceral abdominal) and peripheral obesity (subcutaneous) in the production of adipokines. Visceral fat accumulation, linked with levels of some adipokines, induces chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders, including glucose intolerance, hyperlipidaemia, and arterial hypertension. Together, these conditions contribute to a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, directly associated with the onset of cardiovascular disease. If it is well known that adipokines contribute to the inflammatory profile and appetite regulation, this review is novel in synthesising the current state of knowledge of the role of visceral adipose tissue and its secretion of adipokines in cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Dutheil
- 1 University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,2 Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,3 Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,4 WittyFit, Paris, France
| | - Brett Ashley Gordon
- 5 La Trobe University, La Trobe Rural Health School, Exercise Physiology, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geraldine Naughton
- 3 Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edward Crendal
- 3 Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Courteix
- 3 Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,6 Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elodie Chaplais
- 3 Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,6 Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Thivel
- 6 Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gérard Lac
- 6 Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France
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21
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La Fountaine MF, Cirnigliaro CM, Azarelo F, Hobson JC, Tascione O, Swonger KN, Dyson-Hudson T, Bauman WA. Cutaneous microvascular perfusion responses to insulin iontophoresis are differentially affected by insulin resistance after spinal cord injury. Exp Physiol 2017; 102:1234-1244. [PMID: 28671307 DOI: 10.1113/ep086239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What impact does insulin resistance have on cutaneous perfusion responses to insulin iontophoresis in vascular beds with markedly reduced or functionally ablated sympathetic nervous system vasomotor function resulting from spinal cord injury? What is the main finding and its importance? Persons with spinal cord injury have sublesional microvascular endothelial dysfunction, as indicated by a blunted cutaneous perfusion response to acetylcholine iontophoresis, and the presence of insulin resistance has a further confounding effect on endothelium-mediated changes to cutaneous perfusion in the lower extremities. Endothelium-mediated mechanisms that regulate skin blood flow might play an integral role in optimizing skin perfusion in vascular beds with sympathetic nervous system vasomotor impairment, such as in spinal cord injury (SCI). Insulin is a vasoactive hormone and second messenger of nitric oxide that facilitates endothelium-mediated dilatation. The effects of insulin resistance (IR) on sublesional cutaneous perfusion responses to insulin provocation have yet to be described in persons with SCI. Persons with SCI and an able-bodied (AB) cohort were divided into subgroups based upon fasting plasma insulin concentration cut-offs for IR (≥13.13 mIU ml-1 ) or insulin sensitivity (IS; <13.13 mIU ml-1 ), as follows: AB, IS (ABIS, n = 21); SCI, IS (SCIS, n = 21); AB, IR (ABIR, n = 9); and SCI, IR (SCIR, n = 11). Laser Doppler flowmetry characterized peak blood perfusion unit (BPU) responses (percentage change from baseline) to insulin, acetylcholine or placebo iontophoresis in the lower extremities; BPU responses were log10 transformed to facilitate comparisons, and the net insulin response (NetIns) BPU response was calculated (insulin minus placebo BPU response). The NetIns was significantly greater in both IS groups compared with their corresponding IR group. The acetylcholine-mediated BPU responses in the SCI subgroups were significantly lower than those in the ABIS group. The proportional BPU responses of NetIns to acetylcholine in the IS cohorts (i.e. ABIS and SCIS) were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that of each IR subgroup. The presence of IR has a confounding effect on sublesional microvascular endothelium-mediated cutaneous perfusion responses to provocation. Preservation of endothelial sensitivity to its agonists appears to be an important modifiable risk factor to optimize cutaneous perfusion in the lower extremities of persons with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F La Fountaine
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Service National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,School of Health and Medical Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA.,The Institute for Advanced Study of Rehabilitation and Sports Science, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Christopher M Cirnigliaro
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Service National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Frank Azarelo
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Service National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Joshua C Hobson
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Service National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Oriana Tascione
- State University of New York Downstate College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Kirsten N Swonger
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Trevor Dyson-Hudson
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - William A Bauman
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Service National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Sauvet F, Arnal PJ, Tardo-Dino PE, Drogou C, Van Beers P, Bougard C, Rabat A, Dispersyn G, Malgoyre A, Leger D, Gomez-Merino D, Chennaoui M. Protective effects of exercise training on endothelial dysfunction induced by total sleep deprivation in healthy subjects. Int J Cardiol 2017; 232:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Lenasi H, Klonizakis M. Assessing the evidence: Exploring the effects of exercise on diabetic microcirculation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2017; 64:663-678. [PMID: 27767975 DOI: 10.3233/ch-168022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with cardiovascular complications. Impairment of glycemic control induces noxious glycations, an increase in oxydative stress and dearangement of various metabolic pathways. DM leads to dysfunction of micro- and macrovessels, connected to metabolic, endothelial and autonomic nervous system. Thus, assessing vascular reactivity might be one of the clinical tools to evaluate the impact of harmful effects of DM and potential benefit of treatment; skin and skeletal muscle microcirculation have usually been tested. Physical exercise improves vascular dysfunction through various mechanisms, and is regarded as an additional effective treatment strategy of DM as it positively impacts glycemic control, improves insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in the target tissues, thus affecting glucose and lipid metabolism, and increases the endothelium dependent vasodilation. Yet, not all patients respond in the same way so titrating the exercise type individualy would be desirable. Resistance training has, apart from aerobic one, been shown to positively correlate to glycemic control, and improve vascular reactivity. It has been prescribed in various forms or in combination with aerobic training. This review would assess the impact of different modes of exercise, the mechanisms involved, and its potential positive and negative effects on treating patients with Type I and Type II DM, focusing on the recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Lenasi
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Markos Klonizakis
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Sheffield Hallam University, UK
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24
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Chen J, Xiang H, Jiang P, Yu L, Jing Y, Li F, Wu S, Fu X, Liu Y, Kwan H, Luo R, Zhao X, Sun X. The Role of Healthy Lifestyle in the Implementation of Regressing Suboptimal Health Status among College Students in China: A Nested Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14030240. [PMID: 28264509 PMCID: PMC5369076 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14030240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suboptimal health status (SHS) is the intermediate health state between health and disease, it is medically undiagnosed and is also termed functional somatic syndrome. Although its clinical manifestations are complicated and various, SHS has not reached the disease status. Unhealthy lifestyle is associated with many chronic diseases and mortality. In accordance with the impact of lifestyle on health, it is intriguing to determine the association between unhealthy lifestyle and SHS risk. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study among healthy Chinese college students from March 2012 to September 2013, which was nested in a prospective cohort of 5676 students. We performed 1:1 incidence density sampling with matched controls for birth year, sex, grade, specialty and individual character. SHS was evaluated using the medical examination report and Sub-health Measurement Scale V1.0 (SHMS V1.0). Exposure was defined as an unhealthy lifestyle per the frequency of six behavioral dimensions from the Health-promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP-II). RESULTS We matched 543 cases of SHS (42.66%) in a cohort of 1273 students during the 1.5 years mean follow-up time with controls. A significant difference (t = 9.79, p < 0.001) and a reduction in HPLP-II total score was present at 1.5 years follow-up (135.93 ± 17.65) compared to baseline (144.48 ± 18.66). A level-response effect was recorded with an increase of the total HPLP-II (every dimension was correlated with a decreased SHS risk). Compared to respondents with the least exposure (excellent level), those reporting a general HPLP-II level were approximately 2.3 times more likely to develop SHS (odd ratio = 2.333, 95% CI = 1.471 to 3.700); and those with less HPLP-II level (good level) were approximately 1.6 times more likely (1.644, 1.119-2.414) to develop SHS (p < 0.05). Our data indicated that unhealthy lifestyle behavior with respect to behavioral dimensions significantly affected SHS likelihood. Further analyses revealed a marked increase (average increased 14.73 points) in lifestyle level among those SHS regression to health after 1.5 years, with respect to the HPLP-II behavioral dimensions, in addition to the total score (t = -15.34, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS SHS is highly attributable to unhealthy lifestyles, and the Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 240 2 of 17 mitigation of modifiable lifestyle risk factors may lead to SHS regression. Increased efforts to modify unhealthy lifestyles are necessary to prevent SHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hongjie Xiang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Pingping Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lin Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou 510170, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yuan Jing
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Fei Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shengwei Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiuqiong Fu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Yanyan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hiuyee Kwan
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Ren Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China.
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25
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Chaplais E, Dutheil F, Naughton G, Greene D, Pereira B, Thivel D, Courteix D. Cross-sectional and longitudinal study protocols of the 'ADIposity and BOne metabolism: effects of eXercise-induced weight loss in obese adolescents' (ADIBOX) project. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011407. [PMID: 27797988 PMCID: PMC5073595 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A need exists for sustainable and clinically effective weight management interventions, suitable for preventing well-linked chronic disease such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease and some less investigated secondary conditions such as bone alteration. The ADIposity and BOne metabolism: effects of eXercise-induced weight loss in obese adolescents (ADIBOX) protocol was designed to provide a better understanding of the interaction between adipokines and bone hormones in adolescents with obesity and how a 10-month physical activity programme may affect these interactions. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The ADIBOX protocol combines 2 studies. The first study involves a total of 68 adolescents aged 12-16 years. This cross-sectional study will include both males and females (1:1 ratio), either living with obesity/overweight (n=34; body mass index (BMI) ≤97th centile and ≥85th centile) or normal weight (n=34; BMI<85th centile). The second study is a longitudinal study that will include 50 obese adolescent girls and track them over a period of 42 weeks. Weight loss programme will consist of a combination of physical activity and a normocaloric diet. Bone and adiposity-related measurements will be performed every 14 weeks. Both studies will assess participants' anthropometric profile, nutrition and physical activity, body composition, bone densitometry and blood markers of bone, growth and adiposity. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The ADIBOX protocol complies with the ethics guidelines for clinical research and has been approved by their respective ethics committee (Australian Catholic University Committee Ethic, Australia and Hospital Sud Est 1 committee, France). Findings from this protocol are expected to clarify the possible interactions between adiposity and bone in childhood obesity and will be disseminated at several research conferences and published articles in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02626273; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Chaplais
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont University, Blaise Pascal University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont University, Blaise Pascal University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia
- CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital CHU G. Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Geraldine Naughton
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Greene
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), University Hospital CHU G. Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont University, Blaise Pascal University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Daniel Courteix
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont University, Blaise Pascal University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia
- CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Abstract
Insulin resistance is a systemic disorder that affects many organs and insulin-regulated pathways. The disorder is characterized by a reduced action of insulin despite increased insulin concentrations (hyperinsulinaemia). The effects of insulin on the kidney and vasculature differ in part from the effects on classical insulin target organs. Insulin causes vasodilation by enhancing endothelial nitric oxide production through activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. In insulin-resistant states, this pathway is impaired and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway stimulates vasoconstriction. The action of insulin on perivascular fat tissue and the subsequent effects on the vascular wall are not fully understood, but the hepatokine fetuin-A, which is released by fatty liver, might promote the proinflammatory effects of perivascular fat. The strong association of salt-sensitive arterial hypertension with insulin resistance indicates an involvement of the kidney in the insulin resistance syndrome. The insulin receptor is expressed on renal tubular cells and podocytes and insulin signalling has important roles in podocyte viability and tubular function. Renal sodium transport is preserved in insulin resistance and contributes to the salt-sensitivity of blood pressure in hyperinsulinaemia. Therapeutically, renal and vascular insulin resistance can be improved by an integrated holistic approach aimed at restoring overall insulin sensitivity and improving insulin signalling.
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27
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Serrano-Ferrer J, Crendal E, Walther G, Vinet A, Dutheil F, Naughton G, Lesourd B, Chapier R, Courteix D, Obert P. Effects of lifestyle intervention on left ventricular regional myocardial function in metabolic syndrome patients from the RESOLVE randomized trial. Metabolism 2016; 65:1350-60. [PMID: 27506742 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of lifestyle intervention on left ventricular (LV) regional myocardial function in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and investigate the relationships of the changes in myocardial function to changes in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), inflammatory profile and MetS components. METHODS Eighty-seven MetS patients were enrolled in a 6month lifestyle intervention program based on dietary management and increased physical activity, and compared with 44 aged and sex-matched healthy controls. MetS individuals were allocated to different groups randomized (computer-generated randomization) on exercise modalities (high-intensity dominant resistance or aerobic training, and moderate-intensity of both modes). EAT was measured by transthoracic echocardiography and LV longitudinal strains and strain rates were obtained using vector velocity imaging. Blood chemistry allowed assessments of adipocytokines (TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor α, PAI active: active plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and adiponectin) and glucose tolerance markers. RESULTS Regardless of exercise training modalities, lifestyle intervention improved significantly LV strains and strain rates (p<0.001) as well as metabolic and inflammatory profiles. Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed EAT (β=0.73, p<0.01), log adiponectin (β=-0.13, p<0.05) and log TNF-α (β=0.15, p<0.05) as independent predictors of LV longitudinal strain (R(2)=0.74, p<0.001) while myocardial function improvement consecutive to lifestyle intervention was explained by EAT changes only (R(2)=0.54, p<0.001). CONCLUSION The mechanisms through which regional myocardial function is impaired in MetS and improved consecutive to intervention involved EAT, possibly via paracrine effects of adipocytokines. EAT should be considered as a future therapeutic target of interest in the treatment of metabolic-related cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Serrano-Ferrer
- EA4278 LaPEC, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharm-Ecology, Avignon University, Avignon, France
| | - Edward Crendal
- Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Guillaume Walther
- EA4278 LaPEC, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharm-Ecology, Avignon University, Avignon, France
| | - Agnes Vinet
- EA4278 LaPEC, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharm-Ecology, Avignon University, Avignon, France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; EA3533 AME2P, Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological Conditions, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Preventive and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Geraldine Naughton
- Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruno Lesourd
- EA3533 AME2P, Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological Conditions, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Robert Chapier
- EA3533 AME2P, Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological Conditions, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Daniel Courteix
- Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; EA3533 AME2P, Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise in Physiological and Pathological Conditions, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Obert
- EA4278 LaPEC, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharm-Ecology, Avignon University, Avignon, France; Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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28
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Padilla J, Olver TD, Thyfault JP, Fadel PJ. Role of habitual physical activity in modulating vascular actions of insulin. Exp Physiol 2016; 100:759-71. [PMID: 26130183 DOI: 10.1113/ep085107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? This review highlights the importance of increased vascular insulin sensitivity for maintaining glycaemic control and cardiovascular health. What advances does it highlight? We discuss the role of habitual physical activity in modulating vascular actions of insulin. Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease commonly coexist. Current evidence suggests that impaired insulin signalling in the vasculature may be a common link between metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, including glycaemic dysregulation and atherosclerosis. Herein, we highlight the importance of the actions of insulin on the vasculature for glycaemic control and arterial health. In addition, we summarize and discuss findings from our group and others demonstrating that increased physical activity may be an effective approach to enhancing vascular insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, in light of the existing literature, we formulate the hypothesis that increased shear stress may be a prime mechanism through which habitual physical activity improves insulin signalling in the vasculature. Ultimately, we propose that targeting vascular insulin resistance may represent a viable strategy for improving glycaemic control and reducing cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - T Dylan Olver
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Paul J Fadel
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Hwang MH, Lee S. Insulin resistance: vascular function and exercise. Integr Med Res 2016; 5:198-203. [PMID: 28462118 PMCID: PMC5390417 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance associated with metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an epidemic metabolic disorder, which increases the risk of cardiovascular complications. Impaired vascular endothelial function is an early marker for atherosclerosis, which causes cardiovascular complications. Both experimental and clinical studies indicate that endothelial dysfunction in vasculatures occurs with insulin resistance. The associated physiological mechanisms are not fully appreciated yet, however, it seems that augmented oxidative stress, a physiological imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, in vascular cells is a possible mechanism involved in various vascular beds with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Regardless of the inclusion of resistance exercise, aerobic exercise seems to be beneficial for vascular endothelial function in both large conduit and small resistance vessels in both clinical and experimental studies with insulin resistance. In clinical cases, aerobic exercise over 8 weeks with higher intensity seems more beneficial than the cases with shorter duration and lower intensity. However, more studies are needed in the future to elucidate the physiological mechanisms by which vascular endothelial function is impaired in insulin resistance and improved with aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Hyon Hwang
- Division of Health and Exercise Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea.,Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sewon Lee
- Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea.,Division of Sport Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
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30
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陈 洁, 余 克, 孙 晓, 陈 泽, 邝 柳, 姬 彦, 赵 晓, 罗 仁. [Effect of health-promoting lifestyle on outcomes of suboptimal health status]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2016; 37:184-191. [PMID: 28219861 PMCID: PMC6779666 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.02.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine evaluate the effect of health-promoting lifestyle on the outcomes of suboptimal health status (SHS). METHODS A prospective population cohort was conducted by consecutively enrolling 5676 college students who took routine health examination from March to May 2013. The participants were assessed for baseline health status and lifestyle and 2972 participants with SHS were followed up for 1.5 years. Exposure was defined as an unhealthy lifestyle. The health-promoting lifestyle was assessed via the Health-promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP-II). SHS was evaluated using the medical examination report and Sub-health Measurement Scale V1.0 (SHMS V1.0). RESULTS Among the 2972 students with SHS, 422 showed recovery of the healthy status at 1.5 year follow-up, 579 showed progression into disease conditions, and 1971 remained in SHS. The participants with recovered health status presented with significant increase of SHMS V1.0 scores by 8.75∓6.95 points compared to the baseline assessment (t=-2.14, P=0.000) in physiological, psychological and social dimensions; they also showed a marked improvement of HPLP-II scores by 14.73 points in 6 dimensions (t=-15.34, P=0.000). Multivariable regression analyses with adjusted demographic variables revealed a significant association between health status and health-promoting lifestyle (P<0.05). Compared with a healthy lifestyle (minimal exposure), a 'poor' lifestyle (the highest level of exposure) was associated with a 30 times higher risk of developing SHS (OR: 30.598, 95% CI: 3.928-238.331), while a 'moderate' lifestyle (a relatively high-level exposure) had a 24 times higher risk of SHS (OR: 23.988, 95%CI: 14.695-39.158), and a suboptimal lifestyle had a nearly 4 times higher risk of SHS (OR: 4.306, 95%CI: 2.767-6.702). CONCLUSION s SHS may evolve into either a healthy or a disease condition. A unhealthy lifestyle is the important risk factor contributing to the progression of SHS into a disease condition, suggesting the importance of intervention of unhealthy lifestyles in promoting good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- 洁瑜 陈
- 南方医科大学 中医药学院School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- 南方医科大学 南方医院中医科Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital
| | - 克强 余
- 南方医科大学 组织部, 广东 广州 510515Organization Department,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 晓敏 孙
- 南方医科大学 中医药学院School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - 泽伟 陈
- 南方医科大学 中医药学院School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- 南方医科大学 南方医院中医科Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital
| | - 柳燕 邝
- 南方医科大学 中医药学院School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- 南方医科大学 南方医院中医科Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital
| | - 彦兆 姬
- 南方医科大学 中医药学院School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- 南方医科大学 南方医院中医科Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital
| | - 晓山 赵
- 南方医科大学 中医药学院School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- 南方医科大学 南方医院中医科Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital
| | - 仁 罗
- 南方医科大学 中医药学院School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- 南方医科大学 南方医院中医科Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital
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31
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Olver TD, Laughlin MH. Endurance, interval sprint, and resistance exercise training: impact on microvascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 310:H337-50. [PMID: 26408541 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00440.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) alters capillary hemodynamics, causes capillary rarefaction in skeletal muscle, and alters endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype, resulting in impaired vasodilatory responses. These changes contribute to altered blood flow responses to physiological stimuli, such as exercise and insulin secretion. T2D-induced microvascular dysfunction impairs glucose and insulin delivery to skeletal muscle (and other tissues such as skin and nervous), thereby reducing glucose uptake and perpetuating hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. In patients with T2D, exercise training (EX) improves microvascular vasodilator and insulin signaling and attenuates capillary rarefaction in skeletal muscle. EX-induced changes subsequently augment glucose and insulin delivery as well as glucose uptake. If these adaptions occur in a sufficient amount of tissue, and skeletal muscle in particular, chronic exposure to hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia and the risk of microvascular complications in all vascular beds will decrease. We postulate that EX programs that engage as much skeletal muscle mass as possible and recruit as many muscle fibers within each muscle as possible will generate the greatest improvements in microvascular function, providing that the duration of the stimulus is sufficient. Primary improvements in microvascular function occur in tissues (skeletal muscle primarily) engaged during exercise, and secondary improvements in microvascular function throughout the body may result from improved blood glucose control. We propose that the added benefit of combined resistance and aerobic EX programs and of vigorous intensity EX programs is not simply "more is better." Rather, we believe the additional benefit is the result of EX-induced adaptations in and around more muscle fibers, resulting in more muscle mass and the associated microvasculature being changed. Thus, to acquire primary and secondary improvements in microvascular function and improved blood glucose control, EX programs should involve upper and lower body exercise and modulate intensity to augment skeletal muscle fiber recruitment. Under conditions of limited mobility, it may be necessary to train skeletal muscle groups separately to maximize whole body skeletal muscle fiber recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dylan Olver
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri;
| | - M Harold Laughlin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
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