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Soto Sauza KA, Ryan KK. FGF21 mediating the Sex-dependent Response to Dietary Macronutrients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e1689-e1696. [PMID: 38801670 PMCID: PMC11319005 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Sex is key variable influencing body composition and substrate utilization. At rest, females maintain greater adiposity than males and resist the mobilization of fat. Males maintain greater lean muscle mass and mobilize fat readily. Determining the mechanisms that direct these sex-dependent effects is important for both reproductive and metabolic health. Here, we highlight the fundamental importance of sex in shaping metabolic physiology and assess growing evidence that the hepatokine fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) plays a mechanistic role to facilitate sex-dependent responses to a changing nutritional environment. First, we examine the importance of sex in modulating body composition and substrate utilization. We summarize new data that point toward sex-biased effects of pharmacologic FGF21 administration on these endpoints. When energy is not limited, metabolic responses to FGF21 mirror broader sex differences; FGF21-treated males conserve lean mass at the expense of increased lipid catabolism, whereas FGF21-treated females conserve fat mass at the expense of reduced lean mass. Next, we examine the importance of sex in modulating the endogenous secretion of FGF21 in response to changing macronutrient and energy availability. During the resting state when energy is not limited, macronutrient imbalance increases the secretion of FGF21 more so in males than females. When energy is limited, the effect of sex on both the secretion of FGF21 and its metabolic actions may be reversed. Altogether, we argue that a growing literature supports FGF21 as a plausible mechanism contributing to the sex-dependent mobilization vs preservation of lipid storage and highlight the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla A Soto Sauza
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Karen K Ryan
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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2
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Pal P, Maranon RO, Rivera Gonzales OJ, Speed JS, Janorkar AV. Sexual Dimorphism's impact on adipogenesis: A three-dimensional in vitro model treated with 17β-estradiol and testosterone. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 589:112249. [PMID: 38604550 PMCID: PMC11144096 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Using a three-dimensional (3-D) in vitro culture model, we report the dose dependent effect of 17β-estradiol and testosterone on the adipogenic differentiation and maturation of human adipose derived stem cells (hASCs) obtained from female and male patients. Considering sexual dimorphism, we expected male and female adipocytes to respond differently to the sex steroids. Both male and female hASC spheroids were exposed to 100 nM and 500 nM of 17β-estradiol and testosterone either at the beginning of the adipogenic maturation (Phase I) to discourage intracellular triglyceride accumulation or exposed after adipogenic maturation (Phase II) to reduce the intracellular triglyceride accumulation. The results show that 17β-estradiol leads to a dose dependent reduction in intracellular triglyceride accumulation in female hASC spheroids compared to the both untreated and testosterone-treated cells. Affirming our hypothesis, 17β-estradiol prevented intracellular triglyceride accumulation during Phase I, while it stimulated lipolysis during Phase II. PPAR-γ and adiponectin gene expression also reduced upon 17β-estradiol treatment in female cells. Interestingly, 17β-estradiol and testosterone had only a modest effect on the male hASC spheroids. Collectively, our findings suggest that 17β-estradiol can prevent fat accumulation in adipocytes during early and late stages of maturation in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabi Pal
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Rodrigo O Maranon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina; National Council on Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo J Rivera Gonzales
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Joshua S Speed
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Amol V Janorkar
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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3
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Xie F, Wang Y, Chan S, Zheng M, Xue M, Yang X, Luo Y, Fang M. Testosterone Inhibits Lipid Accumulation in Porcine Preadipocytes by Regulating ELOVL3. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2143. [PMID: 39123669 PMCID: PMC11310965 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Castration is commonly used to reduce stink during boar production. In porcine adipose tissue, castration reduces androgen levels resulting in metabolic disorders and excessive fat deposition. However, the underlying detailed mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we constructed porcine preadipocyte models with and without androgen by adding testosterone exogenously. The fluorescence intensity of lipid droplet (LD) staining and the fatty acid synthetase (FASN) mRNA levels were lower in the testosterone-treated cells than in the untreated control cells. In contrast, the mRNA levels of adipose triglycerides lipase (ATGL) and androgen receptor (AR) were higher than in the testosterone-treated cells than in the control cells. Subsequently, transcriptomic sequencing of porcine preadipocytes incubated with and without testosterone showed that the mRNA expression levels of very long-chain fatty acid elongase 3 (ELOVL3), a key enzyme involved in fatty acids synthesis and metabolism, were high in control cells. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of ELOVL3 reduced LD accumulation and the mRNA levels of FASN and increased the mRNA levels of ATGL. Next, we conducted dual-luciferase reporter assays using wild-type and mutant ELOVL3 promoter reporters, which showed that the ELOVL3 promoter contained an androgen response element (ARE); furthermore, its transcription was negatively regulated by AR overexpression. In conclusion, our study reveals that testosterone inhibits fat deposition in porcine preadipocytes by suppressing ELOVL3 expression. Moreover, our study provides a theoretical basis for further studies on the mechanisms of fat deposition caused by castration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyin Xie
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.X.); (S.C.); (M.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yubei Wang
- Sanya Research Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China;
| | - Shuheng Chan
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.X.); (S.C.); (M.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Meili Zheng
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100107, China;
| | - Mingming Xue
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.X.); (S.C.); (M.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaoyang Yang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.X.); (S.C.); (M.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yabiao Luo
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.X.); (S.C.); (M.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Meiying Fang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.X.); (S.C.); (M.X.); (X.Y.)
- Sanya Research Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China;
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4
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Fakhrolmobasheri M, Abhari AP, Heidarpour M, Paymannejad S, Pourmahdi-Boroujeni M, Saffari AS, Okhovat P, Roohafza H, Sadeghi M, Rabanipour N, Shafie D, Sarrafzadehgan N. Lipid accumulation product and visceral adiposity index for incidence of cardiovascular diseases and mortality; results from 13 years follow-up in Isfahan cohort study. Obes Sci Pract 2024; 10:e713. [PMID: 38264005 PMCID: PMC10804326 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background /Aims: Visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) are novel anthropometric indices that have shown an association with metabolic syndrome; however, limited data are available regarding the predictive performance of these indices for the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mortality. Methods This study was performed on the data retrieved from Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS). ICS is an ongoing population-based cohort study conducted in 3 counties in central Iran. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between LAP, VAI, and metabolic parameters. Cox regression analysis and receiver operative characteristics (ROC) curve analysis were performed in order to evaluate the ability of VAI and LAP for the incidence of CVD, CVD-associated mortality, and all-cause mortality. We further compared the predictive performance of VAI and LAP with body mass index (BMI). Results LAP and VAI were significantly correlated with all metabolic variables, including blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile components. Univariate regression analysis indicated a significant association between LAP and VAI and CVD incidence. In multivariate analysis, only VAI was significantly associated with CVD incidence. Regarding CVD mortality, only VAI in the multivariate analysis revealed a significant association. Interestingly, Both VAI and LAP were negatively associated with all-cause mortality. ROC curve analysis indicated the superior performance of LAP and VAI for predicting CVD incidence compared to BMI; however, BMI was better in predicting all-cause mortality. Conclusion Compared to BMI, LAP and VAI have better predictive performance for the incidence of CVD. In contrast, BMI was superior to VAI and LAP in the prediction of all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fakhrolmobasheri
- Heart Failure Research Center Cardiovascular Research Institute Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Amir Parsa Abhari
- Heart Failure Research Center Cardiovascular Research Institute Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Maryam Heidarpour
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Saina Paymannejad
- Heart Failure Research Center Cardiovascular Research Institute Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | | | - Amir Sepehr Saffari
- Student Research Committee Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Paria Okhovat
- Heart Failure Research Center Cardiovascular Research Institute Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Hamidreza Roohafza
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center Cardiovascular Research Institute Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center Cardiovascular Research Institute Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Najmeh Rabanipour
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology School of Health Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Davood Shafie
- Heart Failure Research Center Cardiovascular Research Institute Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadehgan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
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Bardhi O, Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. The evolutionary impact and influence of oestrogens on adipose tissue structure and function. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220207. [PMID: 37482787 PMCID: PMC10363706 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oestrogens are sex steroid hormones that have gained prominence over the years owing to their crucial roles in human health and reproduction functions which have been preserved throughout evolution. One of oestrogens actions, and the focus of this review, is their ability to determine adipose tissue distribution, function and adipose tissue 'health'. Body fat distribution is sexually dimorphic, affecting males and females differently. These differences are also apparent in the development of the metabolic syndrome and other chronic conditions where oestrogens are critical. In this review, we summarize the different molecular mechanisms, pathways and resulting pathophysiology which are a result of oestrogens actions in and on adipose tissues. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures and evidence (Part I)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olgert Bardhi
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Biff F. Palmer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Deborah J. Clegg
- Vice President for Research, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 75390, USA
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6
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Ibáñez CA, Lira-León G, Reyes-Castro LA, Rodríguez-González GL, Lomas-Soria C, Hernández-Rojas A, Bravo-Flores E, Solis-Paredes JM, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Zambrano E. Programming Mechanism of Adipose Tissue Expansion in the Rat Offspring of Obese Mothers Occurs in a Sex-Specific Manner. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102245. [PMID: 37242132 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether excessive retroperitoneal adipose tissue (AT) expansion programmed by maternal obesity (MO) affects adipocyte size distribution and gene expression in relation to adipocyte proliferation and differentiation in male and female offspring (F1) from control (F1C) and obese (F1MO) mothers. Female Wistar rats (F0) ate a control or high-fat diet from weaning through pregnancy and lactation. F1 were weaned onto a control diet and euthanized at 110 postnatal days. Fat depots were weighed to estimate the total AT. Serum glucose, triglyceride, leptin, insulin, and the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were determined. Adipocyte size and adipogenic gene expression were examined in retroperitoneal fat. Body weight, retroperitoneal AT and adipogenesis differed between male and female F1Cs. Retroperitoneal AT, glucose, triglyceride, insulin, HOMA-IR and leptin were higher in male and female F1MO vs. F1C. Small adipocytes were reduced in F1MO females and absent in F1MO males; large adipocytes were increased in F1MO males and females vs. F1C. Wnt, PI3K-Akt, and insulin signaling pathways in F1MO males and Egr2 in F1MO females were downregulated vs. F1C. MO induced metabolic dysfunction in F1 through different sex dimorphism mechanisms, including the decreased expression of pro-adipogenic genes and reduced insulin signaling in males and lipid mobilization-related genes in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Ibáñez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Lira-León
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Luis A Reyes-Castro
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe L Rodríguez-González
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Lomas-Soria
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- CONACyT-Cátedras, Investigador por México, Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Hernández-Rojas
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Eyerahí Bravo-Flores
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Juan Mario Solis-Paredes
- Departamento de Investigación en Salud Reproductiva y Perinatal, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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7
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Lu Y, Qin L, Wei Y, Mo X, Tang X, Liu Q, Liu S, Zhang J, Xu M, Wei C, Huang S, Lin Y, Luo T, Mai T, Gou R, Zhang Z, Cai J, Qin J. Association between barium exposed, CYP19A1 and central obesity: A cross-sectional study in rural China. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 78:127170. [PMID: 37075568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND obesity is a major risk factor for many metabolic diseases such as diabetes and cardiometabolic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the association of plasma and urinary barium concentrations, CYP19A1 gene polymorphisms, and their interaction with central obesity in a rural Chinese population. METHODS restricted cubic spline model was used to explore the dose-response relationship between barium and the risk of developing central obesity and waist circumference; logistic regression model was used to assess the association between barium, CYP19A1 gene polymorphisms and their interaction with central obesity. RESULTS the results of the restricted cubic spline model showed that plasma barium concentration was linearly associated with the risk of developing central obesity and non-linearly associated with waist circumference. Logistic regression analysis showed that participants with Q4 plasma barium concentration exhibited a higher risk of central obesity compared to participants with Q1 barium concentration; participants carrying the rs10046-AA gene exhibited a lower risk of central obesity than those carrying the rs10046-G(GG+GA) gene; participants carrying the rs10046-GA genotype showed 1.754 times higher risk of central obesity than those carrying rs10046-GG+AA genotype. There was a significant interaction between plasma barium and CYP19A1 gene polymorphism on central obesity. CONCLUSION the development of central obesity was associated with plasma barium and CYP19A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufu Lu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road No.22, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Lidong Qin
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road No.22, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanfei Wei
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road No.22, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoting Mo
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road No.22, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xu Tang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road No.22, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiumei Liu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road No.22, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuzhen Liu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road No.22, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road No.22, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Xu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road No.22, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunmei Wei
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road No.22, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shenxiang Huang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road No.22, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yinxia Lin
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road No.22, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Tingyu Luo
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 20 Lequn Road, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Tingyu Mai
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 20 Lequn Road, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Ruoyu Gou
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 20 Lequn Road, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 20 Lequn Road, Guilin, Guangxi, China; Guangxi key laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, China
| | - Jiansheng Cai
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 20 Lequn Road, Guilin, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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8
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Hao W, Zhao C, Li G, Wang H, Li T, Yan P, Wei S. Blue LED light induces cytotoxicity via ROS production and mitochondrial damage in bovine subcutaneous preadipocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121195. [PMID: 36736558 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of blue light irradiation on bovine subcutaneous preadipocytes. In this study, preadipocytes were divided into dark group (control) and blue light group. Results show that blue light exposure time-dependently reduced the viability of preadipocytes and induced mitochondrial damage, in accompaniment with the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Meanwhile, blue light caused oxidative stress, as evidenced by the increased MDA level, the reduced T-AOC contents, as well as the decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, blue light treatment induced apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest via Bcl-2/Bax/cleaved caspase-3 pathway and P53/GADD45 pathway, respectively. Protein expressions of LC3-II/LC3-I and P62 were up-regulated under blue light exposure, indicating blue light initiated autophagy but impeded autophagic degradation. Moreover, blue light caused an increase in the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a potent ROS scavenger, restored the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) and reduced excess ROS. Additionally, the above negative effects of blue light on cells were alleviated after NAC administration. In conclusion, this study demonstrates blue light induces cellular ROS overproduction and Δψ depolarization, resulting in the decrease of cell viability and the activation of apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation, providing a reference for the application of blue light in the regulation of fat cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chongchong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guowen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongzhuang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peishi Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengjuan Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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9
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Luo SS, Zhu H, Huang HF, Ding GL. Sex differences in glycolipidic disorders after exposure to maternal hyperglycemia during early development. J Endocrinol Invest 2023:10.1007/s40618-023-02069-5. [PMID: 36976483 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this review was to summarize sex differences in glycolipid metabolic phenotypes of human and animal models after exposure to maternal hyperglycemia and overview the underlying mechanisms, providing a new perspective on the maternal hyperglycemia-triggered risk of glycolipidic disorders in offspring. METHODS A comprehensive literature search within PubMed was performed. Selected publications related to studies on offspring exposed to maternal hyperglycemia investigating the sex differences of glycolipid metabolism were reviewed. RESULTS Maternal hyperglycemia increases the risk of glycolipid metabolic disorders in offspring, such as obesity, glucose intolerance and diabetes. Whether with or without intervention, metabolic phenotypes have been shown to exhibit sex differences between male and female offspring in response to maternal hyperglycemia, which may be related to gonadal hormones, organic intrinsic differences, placenta, and epigenetic modifications. CONCLUSION Sex may play a role in the different incidences and pathogenesis of abnormal glycolipid metabolism. More studies investigating both sexes are needed to understand how and why environmental conditions in early life affect long-term health between male and female individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-S Luo
- School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - H Zhu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - H-F Huang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - G-L Ding
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Caceres S, Crespo B, Alonso-Diez A, de Andrés PJ, Millan P, Silván G, Illera MJ, Illera JC. Long-Term Exposure to Isoflavones Alters the Hormonal Steroid Homeostasis-Impairing Reproductive Function in Adult Male Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051261. [PMID: 36904260 PMCID: PMC10005734 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of isoflavones is gaining popularity worldwide due to their beneficial effects on health. However, isoflavones are considered to be endocrine disruptors and cause deleterious effects on hormone-sensitive organs, especially in males. Therefore, this study aimed to determine if a continuous and prolonged exposure to isoflavones in adult males altered the endocrine axis effect of testicular function. For this purpose, seventy-five adult male rats were administered with low and high mixtures of isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) for 5 months. The determination of steroid hormones (progesterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, 17β-estradiol, and estrone sulphate) was carried out in serum and testicular homogenate samples. Sperm quality parameters and testicular histology were also determined. The results revealed that low and high doses of isoflavones promote a hormonal imbalance in androgen and estrogen production, resulting in a decrease in circulating and testicular androgen levels and an increase in estrogen levels. These results are associated with a reduction in the sperm quality parameters and a reduction in the testicular weight, both in the diameter of the seminiferous tubules and the height of the germinal epithelium. Altogether, these results suggest that a continuous exposure to isoflavones in adult male rats causes a hormonal imbalance in the testes that disrupts the endocrine axis, causing defects in testicular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Caceres
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913943865
| | - Belén Crespo
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Alonso-Diez
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Jimena de Andrés
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Millan
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Silván
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Illera
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Illera
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Kuryłowicz A. Estrogens in Adipose Tissue Physiology and Obesity-Related Dysfunction. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030690. [PMID: 36979669 PMCID: PMC10045924 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Menopause-related decline in estrogen levels is accompanied by a change in adipose tissue distribution from a gynoid to an android and an increased prevalence of obesity in women. These unfavorable phenomena can be partially restored by hormone replacement therapy, suggesting a significant role for estrogen in the regulation of adipocytes' function. Indeed, preclinical studies proved the involvement of these hormones in adipose tissue development, metabolism, and inflammatory activity. However, the relationship between estrogen and obesity is bidirectional. On the one hand-their deficiency leads to excessive fat accumulation and impairs adipocyte function, on the other-adipose tissue of obese individuals is characterized by altered expression of estrogen receptors and key enzymes involved in their synthesis. This narrative review aims to summarize the role of estrogen in adipose tissue development, physiology, and in obesity-related dysfunction. Firstly, the estrogen classification, synthesis, and modes of action are presented. Next, their role in regulating adipogenesis and adipose tissue activity in health and the course of obesity is described. Finally, the potential therapeutic applications of estrogen and its derivates in obesity treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kuryłowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of General Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 00-401 Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Ostinelli G, Laforest S, Denham SG, Gauthier MF, Drolet-Labelle V, Scott E, Hould FS, Marceau S, Homer NZM, Bégin C, Andrew R, Tchernof A. Increased Adipose Tissue Indices of Androgen Catabolism and Aromatization in Women With Metabolic Dysfunction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3330-e3342. [PMID: 35511873 PMCID: PMC9282357 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Body fat distribution is a risk factor for obesity-associated comorbidities, and adipose tissue dysfunction plays a role in this association. In humans, there is a sex difference in body fat distribution, and steroid hormones are known to regulate several cellular processes within adipose tissue. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate if intra-adipose steroid concentration and expression or activity of steroidogenic enzymes were associated with features of adipose tissue dysfunction in individuals with severe obesity. METHODS Samples from 40 bariatric candidates (31 women, 9 men) were included in the study. Visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were collected during surgery. Adipose tissue morphology was measured by a combination of histological staining and semi-automated quantification. Following extraction, intra-adipose and plasma steroid concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Aromatase activity was estimated using product over substrate ratio, while AKR1C2 activity was measured directly by fluorogenic probe. Gene expression was measured by quantitative PCR. RESULTS VAT aromatase activity was positively associated with VAT adipocyte hypertrophy (P valueadj < 0.01) and negatively with plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (P valueadj < 0.01), while SAT aromatase activity predicted dyslipidemia in women even after adjustment for waist circumference, age, and hormonal contraceptive use. We additionally compared women with high and low visceral adiposity index (VAI) and found that VAT excess is characterized by adipose tissue dysfunction, increased androgen catabolism mirrored by increased AKR1C2 activity, and higher aromatase expression and activity indices. CONCLUSION In women, increased androgen catabolism or aromatization is associated with visceral adiposity and adipose tissue dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Ostinelli
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- École de nutrition, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sofia Laforest
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- École de nutrition, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, University/BHF, Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Scott G Denham
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, University/BHF, Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Marie-Frederique Gauthier
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | | | - Emma Scott
- Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Frédéric-Simon Hould
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Simon Marceau
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Natalie Z M Homer
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, University/BHF, Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Catherine Bégin
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ruth Andrew
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, University/BHF, Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- BHF/CVS, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - André Tchernof
- Correspondence: Andre Tchernof, PhD, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, School of Nutrition, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy (Y-4212), Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
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13
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O'Bryan SM, Connor KR, Drummer DJ, Lavin KM, Bamman MM. Considerations for Sex-Cognizant Research in Exercise Biology and Medicine. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:903992. [PMID: 35721874 PMCID: PMC9204149 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.903992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the fields of kinesiology, exercise science, and human movement developed, the majority of the research focused on male physiology and extrapolated findings to females. In the medical sphere, basing practice on data developed in only males resulted in the removal of drugs from the market in the late 1990s due to severe side effects (some life-threatening) in females that were not observed in males. In response to substantial evidence demonstrating exercise-induced health benefits, exercise is often promoted as a key modality in disease prevention, management, and rehabilitation. However, much like the early days of drug development, a historical literature knowledge base of predominantly male studies may leave the exercise field vulnerable to overlooking potentially key biological differences in males and females that may be important to consider in prescribing exercise (e.g., how exercise responses may differ between sexes and whether there are optimal approaches to consider for females that differ from conventional approaches that are based on male physiology). Thus, this review will discuss anatomical, physiological, and skeletal muscle molecular differences that may contribute to sex differences in exercise responses, as well as clinical considerations based on this knowledge in athletic and general populations over the continuum of age. Finally, this review summarizes the current gaps in knowledge, highlights the areas ripe for future research, and considerations for sex-cognizant research in exercise fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia M. O'Bryan
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kathleen R. Connor
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Devin J. Drummer
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kaleen M. Lavin
- The Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States
| | - Marcas M. Bamman
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- The Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Marcas M. Bamman
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14
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Liu X, Bai Y, Cui R, He S, Zhao X, Wu K, Fang M. Sus_circPAPPA2 Regulates Fat Deposition in Castrated Pigs through the miR-2366/GK Pathway. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060753. [PMID: 35740877 PMCID: PMC9220968 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CircRNAs play an important role in fat deposition, and testosterone-deficient boars exhibit significantly increased fat deposition; however, the mechanism by which testosterone regulates fat deposition through circRNAs remains unclear. In this study, circRNA-seq of backfat and abdominal fat from castrated and intact full-sib Yorkshire pigs was performed. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the host genes of the dorsal DE circRNAs were mainly involved in fatty acid transport, while in abdominal tissues, these genes were mainly involved in adipogenesis and inflammation. The interaction among sus_circPAPPA2, ssc-miR-2366 and GK was verified by dual fluorescence experiments and in porcine preadipocytes. The overexpression of sus_circPAPPA2 significantly inhibited the differentiation of preadipocytes. The expression of sus_circPAPPA2 was increased after adding 100 nM of testosterone, and preadipocyte differentiation was significantly inhibited. Testosterone can affect preadipocyte differentiation by upregulating the expression of sus_circPAPPA2, sponging miR-2366 and regulating the expression of genes, such as GK. These results indicate that testosterone can regulate the expression of adipocyte differentiation- and lipid metabolism-related genes by regulating the expression of circRNA, and ceRNA networks are different in the testosterone regulation of adipose deposition in different parts. This study provides basic data enhancing the understanding of the interaction between the hormone environment and mir-2366/GK to regulate trait performance in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (X.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Ying Bai
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China;
| | - Ran Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (X.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Shuaihan He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (X.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Xingbo Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (X.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Keliang Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (X.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Meiying Fang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (R.C.); (S.H.); (X.Z.); (K.W.)
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-62734943
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15
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Filer DL, Hoffman K, Sargis RM, Trasande L, Kassotis CD. On the Utility of ToxCast-Based Predictive Models to Evaluate Potential Metabolic Disruption by Environmental Chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:57005. [PMID: 35533074 PMCID: PMC9084331 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests environmental contaminants can impact metabolic health; however, high costs prohibit in vivo screening of putative metabolic disruptors. High-throughput screening programs, such as ToxCast, hold promise to reduce testing gaps and prioritize higher-order (in vivo) testing. OBJECTIVES We sought to a) examine the concordance of in vitro testing in 3T3-L1 cells to a targeted literature review for 38 semivolatile environmental chemicals, and b) assess the predictive utility of various expert models using ToxCast data against the set of 38 reference chemicals. METHODS Using a set of 38 chemicals with previously published results in 3T3-L1 cells, we performed a metabolism-targeted literature review to determine consensus activity determinations. To assess ToxCast predictive utility, we used two published ToxPi models: a) the 8-Slice model published by Janesick et al. (2016) and b) the 5-Slice model published by Auerbach et al. (2016). We examined the performance of the two models against the Janesick in vitro results and our own 38-chemical reference set. We further evaluated the predictive performance of various modifications to these models using cytotoxicity filtering approaches and validated our best-performing model with new chemical testing in 3T3-L1 cells. RESULTS The literature review revealed relevant publications for 30 out of the 38 chemicals (the remaining 8 chemicals were only examined in our previous 3T3-L1 testing). We observed a balanced accuracy (average of sensitivity and specificity) of 0.86 comparing our previous in vitro results to the literature-derived calls. ToxPi models provided balanced accuracies ranging from 0.55 to 0.88, depending on the model specifications and reference set. Validation chemical testing correctly predicted 29 of 30 chemicals as per 3T3-L1 testing, suggesting good adipogenic prediction performance for our best adapted model. DISCUSSION Using the most recent ToxCast data and an updated ToxPi model, we found ToxCast performed similarly to that of our own 3T3-L1 testing in predicting consensus calls. Furthermore, we provide the full ranked list of largely untested chemicals with ToxPi scores that predict adipogenic activity and that require further investigation. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6779.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayne L. Filer
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, and Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kate Hoffman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert M. Sargis
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- NYU College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christopher D. Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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16
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Delaney KZ, Santosa S. Sex differences in regional adipose tissue depots pose different threats for the development of Type 2 diabetes in males and females. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13393. [PMID: 34985183 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects males and females disproportionately. In midlife, more males have T2DM than females. The sex difference in T2DM prevalence is, in part, explained by differences in regional adipose tissue characteristics. With obesity, changes to regional adipokine and cytokine release increases the risk of T2DM in both males and females with males having greater levels of TNFα and females having greater levels of leptin, CRP, and adiponectin. Regional immune cell infiltration appears to be pathogenic in both sexes via different routes as males with obesity have greater VAT ATM and a decrease in the protective Treg cells, whereas females have greater SAT ATM and T cells. Lastly, the ability of female adipose tissue to expand all regions through hyperplasia, rather than hypertrophy, protects them against the development of large insulin-resistant adipocytes that dominate male adipose tissue. The objective of this review is to discuss how sex may affect regional differences in adipose tissue characteristics and how these differences may distinguish the development of T2DM in males and females. In doing so, we will show that the origins of T2DM development differ between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Z Delaney
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Metabolism, Obesity and Nutrition Lab, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche - Axe maladies chroniques, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvia Santosa
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Metabolism, Obesity and Nutrition Lab, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche - Axe maladies chroniques, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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17
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Bjune JI, Strømland PP, Jersin RÅ, Mellgren G, Dankel SN. Metabolic and Epigenetic Regulation by Estrogen in Adipocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:828780. [PMID: 35273571 PMCID: PMC8901598 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.828780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex hormones contribute to differences between males and females in body fat distribution and associated disease risk. Higher concentrations of estrogens are associated with a more gynoid body shape and with more fat storage on hips and thighs rather than in visceral depots. Estrogen-mediated protection against visceral adiposity is shown in post-menopausal women with lower levels of estrogens and the reduction in central body fat observed after treatment with hormone-replacement therapy. Estrogen exerts its physiological effects via the estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ and GPR30) in target cells, including adipocytes. Studies in mice indicate that estrogen protects against adipose inflammation and fibrosis also before the onset of obesity. The mechanisms involved in estrogen-dependent body fat distribution are incompletely understood, but involve, e.g., increased mTOR signaling and suppression of autophagy and adipogenesis/lipid storage. Estrogen plays a key role in epigenetic regulation of adipogenic genes by interacting with enzymes that remodel DNA methylation and histone tail post-translational modifications. However, more studies are needed to map the differential epigenetic effects of ER in different adipocyte subtypes, including those in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues. We here review recent discoveries of ER-mediated transcriptional and epigenetic regulation in adipocytes, which may explain sexual dimorphisms in body fat distribution and obesity-related disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Inge Bjune
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pouda Panahandeh Strømland
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Regine Åsen Jersin
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Simon Nitter Dankel
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- *Correspondence: Simon Nitter Dankel,
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18
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Estrogens and Androgens in Plants: The Last 20 Years of Studies. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122783. [PMID: 34961254 PMCID: PMC8705621 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the only known steroid hormones in plants are brassinosteroids, interestingly, mammalian steroid hormones such as androgens or estrogens are also part of the plant metabolic profile. This presented review is focused on the progress that has been made in this matter during the last two decades. The presence of testosterone, 17β-estradiol, and other androgens/estrogens in plants (particularly those that can be measured using more advanced techniques) is described. The physiological activity of androgens and estrogens, especially in plants’ stress response, are discussed, together with some possible mechanisms of their action. The current knowledge indicates that although androgens and estrogens do not have the status of hormones in plants, they are physiologically active and can serve as regulators that support the activity of classic hormones in (1) regulating the various processes connected with plant growth and development and (2) the interaction of plants with their environment.
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Rodríguez-Carrillo PL, Aguirre-Tostado PI, Macías-Cervantes MH, Alegría-Torres JA, Luevano-Contreras C. Novel Adiposity and Biochemical-Anthropometric Indices to Identify Cardiometabolic Risk and Metabolic Syndrome in Mexican Adults. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1561. [PMID: 34828607 PMCID: PMC8620800 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several indices used in clinical practice identify cardiometabolic risk (CR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), it is imperative to develop indices for specific populations. Therefore, we proposed and validated sex-specific indices to identify CR associated with visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation or MetS in Mexican adults. Additionally, a cut-off value for the visceral fat area (VFA) to identify CR was proposed. Clinical, anthropometric, biochemical, and body composition variables were evaluated in 904 subjects (25-45 years old) (84.4% men). Multiple and logistic regressions were used to model the indices and ROC curve analysis to determine predictive performance. An additional cohort (n = 186) was used for indices validation, and Cohen's kappa coefficient was employed for agreement analysis. The proposed sex-specific indices, called Mexican adiposity indices (MAIs) and biochemical-anthropometric indices (BAIs), were good predictors for CR and MetS. The kappa coefficients showed a moderate agreement level. The VFA cut-off value chosen to identify CR was 100.3 cm2 because it had the best combination of sensitivity (66.8%) and specificity (64.4%). MAIs and BAIs could be clinical tools to identify either CR associated to VAT accumulation or MetS, respectively. A VFA cut-off value of 100.3 cm2 could identify CR in Mexican men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maciste H. Macías-Cervantes
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León 37320, Mexico; (P.L.R.-C.); (P.I.A.-T.); (M.H.M.-C.)
| | | | - Claudia Luevano-Contreras
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León 37320, Mexico; (P.L.R.-C.); (P.I.A.-T.); (M.H.M.-C.)
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Pan R, Chen Y. Fat biology and metabolic balance: On the significance of sex. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 533:111336. [PMID: 34090969 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and its related metabolic disorders have become prevalent and fatal, which are faced by the entire human beings since decades. An energy equilibrium is urgently important for human metabolic health, which requires the participation of multiple organs, such as adipose tissues, liver and skeletal muscles. It seems that both sex and age play a role in the above processes. In this review, we focus on the sexual dimorphism in energy metabolism mediated by adipose tissues, including white and thermogenic (brown/beige) adipose tissues. Remarkably, past investigations have focused on targeting brown/beige adipose tissues to combat obesity because of their contributions to non-shivering thermogenesis. However, sex differences in the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism are likely overlooked. Particularly, increasing data show that males display more visceral fat than females, and females show increased visceral fat after menopause. Visceral adiposity is more deleterious and closely related to metabolic disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we discuss current findings on sexual dimorphism in WAT and BAT biology for a better metabolic balance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruping Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hubei, PR China.
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21
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Li Q, Tan YQ, Cheung KK, Chiu-Leung LC, Leung LK. The mycoestrogen zeranol at high dosage antagonizes transient receptor potential channel activities in 3T3 L1 cells. Toxicol Lett 2021; 344:18-25. [PMID: 33689779 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings have revealed that exposure to environmental contaminants may result in obesity and pose a health threat to the general public. As the activity of transient receptor potential channels (TRPs) plays a permissive role in adipogenesis, the interactions between TRPs and some food pollutants, i.e. bisphenol A, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, zearalenone, and zeranol at 10 μM were investigated in the present study. TRP-V1,-V3, -C4 and -C6 are reported to be differentially expressed in the adipocyte differentiation, and immunoblotting was performed to quantify changes in these TRPs affected by the pollutants. Our result indicated that the mycoestrogen zeranol or α-zearalanol suppressed the expression of the V1 and C6 isoforms. Subsequently, confocal microscopy was used to measure the calcium inflow repressed by zeranol from 0.1 μM to 10 μM. Oil Red O staining was used to determine the differentiation of 3T3 L1 preadipocytes. Zeranol could suppress the expression of TRP-V1 and -C6 protein and inhibit the associated flow of calcium into the cytosol of 3T3 L1 cells. Its IC50 value for inhibiting calcium inflow stimulated by 40 μM capsaicin or 10 μM GSK1702934A was estimated to be around 6 μM. Reduced TRP-V1 or -C6 activity might result in promoting adipogenesis. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that zeranol could potentiate fat cell differentiation through antagonizing TRP-V1 and -C6 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Yan Qin Tan
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Kam Kuen Cheung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Leo C Chiu-Leung
- Marine Science, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Lai K Leung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong; Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
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22
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Goossens GH, Jocken JWE, Blaak EE. Sexual dimorphism in cardiometabolic health: the role of adipose tissue, muscle and liver. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:47-66. [PMID: 33173188 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-00431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with many adverse health effects, such as an increased cardiometabolic risk. Despite higher adiposity for a given BMI, premenopausal women are at lower risk of cardiometabolic disease than men of the same age. This cardiometabolic advantage in women seems to disappear after the menopause or when type 2 diabetes mellitus develops. Sexual dimorphism in substrate supply and utilization, deposition of excess lipids and mobilization of stored lipids in various key metabolic organs (such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and the liver) are associated with differences in tissue-specific insulin sensitivity and cardiometabolic risk profiles between men and women. Moreover, lifestyle-related factors and epigenetic and genetic mechanisms seem to affect metabolic complications and disease risk in a sex-specific manner. This Review provides insight into sexual dimorphism in adipose tissue distribution, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver substrate metabolism and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity in humans, as well as the underlying mechanisms, and addresses the effect of these sex differences on cardiometabolic health. Additionally, this Review highlights the implications of sexual dimorphism in the pathophysiology of obesity-related cardiometabolic risk for the development of sex-specific prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands.
| | - Johan W E Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands.
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23
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Jackisch L, Murphy AM, Kumar S, Randeva H, Tripathi G, McTernan PG. Tunicamycin-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mediates Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Adipocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5837767. [PMID: 32413131 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dysfunctional endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are known to contribute to the pathology of metabolic disease. This damage may occur, in part, as a consequence of ER-mitochondria cross-talk in conditions of nutrient excess such as obesity. To date, insight into this dynamic relationship has not been characterized in adipose tissue. Therefore, this study investigated whether ER stress contributes to the development of mitochondrial inefficiency in human adipocytes from lean and obese participants. METHODS Human differentiated adipocytes from Chub-S7 cell line and primary abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes from lean and obese participants were treated with tunicamycin to induce ER stress. Key parameters of mitochondrial function were assessed, including mitochondrial respiration, membrane potential (MMP), and dynamics. RESULTS ER stress led to increased respiratory capacity in a model adipocyte system (Chub-S7 adipocytes) in a concentration and time dependent manner (24 h: 23%↑; 48 h: 68%↑, P < 0.001; 72 h: 136%↑, P < 0.001). This corresponded with mitochondrial inefficiency and diminished MMP, highlighting the formation of dysfunctional mitochondria. Morphological analysis revealed reorganization of mitochondrial network, specifically mitochondrial fragmentation. Furthermore, p-DRP1, a key protein in fission, significantly increased (P < 0.001). Additionally, adipocytes from obese subjects displayed lower basal respiration (49%↓, P < 0.01) and were unresponsive to tunicamycin in contrast to their lean counterparts, demonstrating inefficient mitochondrial oxidative capacity. CONCLUSION These human data suggest that adipocyte mitochondrial inefficiency is driven by ER stress and exacerbated in obesity. Nutrient excess-induced ER stress leads to mitochondrial dysfunction that may therefore shift lipid deposition ectopically and thus have further implications on the development of related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jackisch
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UHCW, Coventry, UK
| | - Alice M Murphy
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sudhesh Kumar
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UHCW, Coventry, UK
| | - Harpal Randeva
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UHCW, Coventry, UK
| | - Gyanendra Tripathi
- Human Sciences Research Centre, College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Philip G McTernan
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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24
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Yang MN, Chiu HC, Wang WJ, Fang F, Zhang GH, Zhu H, Zhang L, Zhang DL, Du Q, He H, Huang R, Liu X, Li F, Zhang J, Ouyang F, Hua X, Luo ZC. Sex dimorphism in the associations of gestational diabetes with cord blood adiponectin and retinol-binding protein 4. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001310. [PMID: 32973071 PMCID: PMC7517565 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gestational diabetes (GD) is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity in newborns. Adiponectin and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP-4) are involved in regulating insulin sensitivity. Females are more likely to develop diabetes at young ages than males. We tested the hypothesis that GD may affect RBP-4 and adiponectin levels in early life, and there may be sex-dimorphic associations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a nested case-control study of 153 matched pairs of neonates of mothers with GD and euglycemic pregnancies in the Shanghai Birth Cohort, we evaluated cord plasma leptin, high molecular weight (HMW) and total adiponectin and RBP-4 concentrations. RESULTS Comparing GD versus euglycemic pregnancies adjusted for maternal and neonatal characteristics in female newborns, cord plasma total adiponectin (mean±SD: 30.8±14.3 vs 37.1±16.1 µg/mL, p=0.048) and HMW adiponectin (14.6±7.7 vs 19.3±8.3 µg/mL, p=0.004) concentrations were lower, while RBP-4 concentrations were higher (21.7±5.4 vs 20.0±4.8 µg/mL, p=0.007). In contrast, there were no differences in male newborns (all p>0.2). RBP-4 concentrations were higher in female versus male newborns (21.7±5.4 vs 18.8±4.5 µg/mL, p<0.001) in GD pregnancies only. HMW adiponectin concentrations were significantly higher in female versus male newborns in euglycemic pregnancies only (19.3±8.3 vs 16.1±7.4 µg/mL, p=0.014). CONCLUSIONS GD was associated with lower cord plasma HMW adiponectin and higher RBP-4 concentrations in female newborns only. The study is the first to reveal a sex-dimorphic early life impact of GD on metabolic health biomarkers in the offspring. GD may alter the normal presence (HMW adiponectin) or absence (RBP-4) of sex dimorphism in some insulin sensitivity regulation-relevant adipokines in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Nan Yang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, and Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Mount Sinai Hospital, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Huei-Chen Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Mount Sinai Hospital, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wen-Juan Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fang Fang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, and Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Assay Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Li Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, and Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinwen Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua He
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Mount Sinai Hospital, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xin Liu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, and Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengxiu Ouyang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Hua
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Luo
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, and Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Mount Sinai Hospital, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Ernst J, Gert K, Kraus FB, Rolle-Kampczyk UE, Wabitsch M, Dehghani F, Schaedlich K. Androstenedione changes steroidogenic activity of SGBS cells. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:587-598. [PMID: 32580160 PMCID: PMC7354720 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The rapid increase of obesity during the last decades and its future prospects are alarming. Besides the general discussed causes of obesity, the 'Developmental Origins of Health and Disease' (DOHaD) hypothesis received more attention in recent years. This hypothesis postulates an adverse influence during early development that programs the unborn child for metabolic dysfunctions later in life. Childhood obesity - an as much increasing problem - can be predisposed by maternal overweight and diabetes. Both, obesity and hyperinsulinemia are major causes of female hyperandrogenemia. As predicted by the DOHaD hypothesis and shown in animal models, developmental androgen excess can lead to metabolic abnormalities in offspring. In this study, we investigated, if androgen exposure adversely affects the adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes and the endocrine function of adult adipocytes. The human SGBS preadipocyte model was used to affirm the de novo biosynthesis of steroid hormones under normal adipogenesis conditions. Normal adipogenesis was paralleled by an increase of corticosteroids and androgens, whereas estrogen remained at a steady level. Treatment with androstenedione had no effect on SGBS proliferation and differentiation, but adult adipocytes exhibited a significant higher accumulation of triglycerides. Progesterone (up to 2-fold), testosterone (up to 38-fold) and cortisone (up to 1.4-fold) - but not cortisol - were elevated by androstenedione administration in adult adipocytes. Estrogen was not altered. Data suggest that androgen does not negatively influence adipogenic differentiation, but steroidogenic function of SGBS adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Ernst
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Correspondence should be addressed to J Ernst:
| | - Katharina Gert
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Frank Bernhard Kraus
- Central Laboratory, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube-Strasse, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Faramarz Dehghani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kristina Schaedlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse, Halle (Saale), Germany
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26
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Abstract
Regional adipose tissue distribution differs between men and women. Differences in the accumulation of adipose tissue as well as the regulation of secretion of a number of products from adipose tissue are under the control of sex steroids, which act through a wide variety of mechanisms, both direct and indirect, to tailor metabolism to the unique needs of each sex. A fuller understanding of sex-based differences in adipose tissue function may help with tailored strategies for disease prevention and treatment and provide insights into fundamental differences in the processes that regulate nutrient homeostasis and body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Gavin
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Eastern Colorado VA Geriatric, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12631 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel H Bessesen
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, 12348 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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27
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Nauli AM, Matin S. Why Do Men Accumulate Abdominal Visceral Fat? Front Physiol 2019; 10:1486. [PMID: 31866877 PMCID: PMC6906176 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Men have a higher tendency to accumulate abdominal visceral fat compared to pre-menopausal women. The accumulation of abdominal visceral fat in men, which is a strong independent predictor of mortality, is mainly due to the higher dietary fat uptake by their abdominal visceral fat. Since dietary fat is absorbed by the enterocytes and transported to the circulation in the forms of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs), it is crucial to understand how these lipoproteins are different between men and women. The chylomicrons in men are generally bigger in size and more in quantity than those in women. During the postprandial state, these chylomicrons congest the lamina propria and the low-pressure lymphatics. In this paper, we propose that this congestion predisposes the chylomicron triglycerides to hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase (LPL). The liberated fatty acids are then stored by the nearby abdominal visceral adipocytes, leading to the accumulation of abdominal visceral fat. These mechanisms perhaps explain why men, through their bigger and higher production of chylomicrons, are more likely to accumulate abdominal visceral fat than pre-menopausal women. This accumulation eventually leads to belly enlargement, which confers men their apple-shaped body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andromeda M Nauli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Sahar Matin
- College of Pharmacy, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, CA, United States
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28
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Fatima LA, Campello RS, Barreto-Andrade JN, Passarelli M, Santos RS, Clegg DJ, Machado UF. Estradiol stimulates adipogenesis and Slc2a4/GLUT4 expression via ESR1-mediated activation of CEBPA. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 498:110447. [PMID: 31100494 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability of adipose tissue to expand is dependent on adipocyte differentiation and adipose tissue glucose disposal. The CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA) enhances the expression of the Slc2a4 gene and GLUT4 protein, which are markers of adipocyte differentiation/glucose disposal. We hypothesized estradiol (E2) facilitates adipocyte differentiation/glucose disposal by an estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1)-dependent and CEBPA-mediated mechanism. Our results suggest that E2 (10 nM) has a positive effect on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation (days 2-8), lipid accumulation, Slc2a4 and Cebpa mRNA expression, total GLUT4 and nuclear CEBPA contents, and CEBP/Slc2a4-binding activity. Esr1 silencing (∼50%) in mature adipocytes abrogates the 24-h E2 effects on nuclear CEBPA content, Slc2a4/GLUT4 expression and GLUT4 translocation to the cell membrane. Thus, E2 stimulates adipocyte differentiation and Slc2a4/GLUT4 expression in an ESR1/CEBPA-mediated pathway. Our data provide mechanistic insight demonstrating E2 participates in adipose-tissue differentiation and glucose transporter expression which ultimately can improve adipose tissue expandability and glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana A Fatima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel S Campello
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João N Barreto-Andrade
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa Passarelli
- Lipids Laboratory (LIM 10), Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Graduate Studies Program in Medicine, University Nove Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta S Santos
- Biomedical Research Department, Diabetes and Obesity Research Division, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deborah J Clegg
- Biomedical Research Department, Diabetes and Obesity Research Division, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ubiratan F Machado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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29
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Blum C, Schlegelmilch K, Schilling T, Shridhar A, Rudert M, Jakob F, Dalton PD, Blunk T, Flynn LE, Groll J. Extracellular Matrix-Modified Fiber Scaffolds as a Proadipogenic Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Delivery Platform. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:6655-6666. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Blum
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Schlegelmilch
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Schilling
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Arthi Shridhar
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Thompson Engineering Building, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Maximilian Rudert
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franz Jakob
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul D. Dalton
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Blunk
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lauren E. Flynn
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Thompson Engineering Building, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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30
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Lim LL, Tse G, Choi KC, Zhang J, Luk AOY, Chow E, Ma RCW, Chan MHM, Wing YK, Kong APS, Chan JCN. Temporal changes in obesity and sleep habits in Hong Kong Chinese school children: a prospective study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5881. [PMID: 30971731 PMCID: PMC6458117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the temporal changes in obesity and sleep habits and their relationship in a prospective cohort of healthy Chinese adolescents. We collected data on anthropometric and questionnaire-measured sleep parameters in 2007-2008. 516 participants returned for examinations in 2013-2015. General obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥age- and sex-specific 95th percentile or ≥25 kg/m2 for participants aged <18 or ≥18 years, respectively. Central obesity was defined as waist circumference (WC) ≥ age- and sex-specific 90th percentile or using adult cut-offs. After a mean follow-up of 6.2 ± 0.5 years, the mean BMI increased from 18.5 ± 3.1 to 20.9 ± 3.4 kg/m2. The corresponding WC were 63.7 ± 8.9 and 69.8 ± 9.7 cm. General obesity rate increased from 8.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.1-11.1) to 11.3% (8.7-14.4; p = 0.034). Central obesity rate decreased from 16.9% (13.7-20.4) to 13.5% (10.6-16.8; p = 0.034). During follow-up, more participants reported short sleep (<7 hours/day during weekday: 20.5% [17.1-24.2] vs. 15.3% [12.3-18.8]; p = 0.033) and bedtime after midnight (60.5% [56.2-64.8] vs. 16.2% [13.1-19.7]; p < 0.001) than baseline. The relative risk of overweight/obesity in participants with short sleep and late bedtime was 1.30 (0.48-3.47) and 1.46 (0.70-3.05), respectively. Despite rising rates of unhealthy sleep habits and general obesity, their associations were not significant at 6-year of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Ling Lim
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Asia Diabetes Foundation, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Chow Choi
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jihui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andrea O Y Luk
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Asia Diabetes Foundation, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Elaine Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Michael H M Chan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alice P S Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Juliana C N Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Asia Diabetes Foundation, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Behl S, Adem A, Hussain A, Singh J. Effects of rilpivirine, 17β-estradiol and β-naphthoflavone on the inflammatory status of release of adipocytokines in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2643-2655. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Mishra S, Nyomba BLG. Prohibitin: A hypothetical target for sex-based new therapeutics for metabolic and immune diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:157-170. [PMID: 30717609 PMCID: PMC6405819 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219828362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Traditional sex-related biases in research are now obsolete, and it is important to identify the sex of humans, animals, and even cells in research protocols, due to the role of sex as a fundamental facet of biology, predisposition to disease, and response to therapy. Genetic sex, epigenetics and hormonal regulations, generate sex-dimorphisms. Recent investigations acknowledge sex differences in metabolic and immune health as well as chronic diseases. Prohibitin, an evolutionarily conserved molecule, has pleotropic functions in mitochondrial housekeeping, plasma membrane signaling, and nuclear genetic transcription. Studies in adipocytes, macrophages, and transgenic mice indicate that prohibitin interacts with sex steroids and plays a role in mediating sex differences in adipose tissues and immune cell types. Prohibitin may, depending on context, modulate predisposition to chronic metabolic diseases and malignancy and, because of these attributes, could be a target for sex-based therapies of metabolic and immune-related diseases as well as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba,
Manitoba R3A1R9, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of
Manitoba, Manitoba R3E0J9, Canada
| | - BL Grégoire Nyomba
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba,
Manitoba R3A1R9, Canada
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Bauzá-Thorbrügge M, Rodríguez-Cuenca S, Vidal-Puig A, Galmés-Pascual BM, Sbert-Roig M, Gianotti M, Lladó I, Proenza AM. GPER and ERα mediate estradiol enhancement of mitochondrial function in inflamed adipocytes through a PKA dependent mechanism. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 185:256-267. [PMID: 30253224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with inflammation, dysregulated adipokine secretion, and disrupted adipose tissue mitochondrial function. Estradiol (E2) has been previously reported to increase mitochondrial function and biogenesis in several cell lines, but neither the type of oestrogen receptor (ERα, ERβ and GPER) involved nor the mechanism whereby such effects are exerted have been fully described. Considering the anti-inflammatory activity of E2 as well as its effects in enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis, the aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of ERα, ERβ, and GPER signaling to the E2-mediated enhancement of adipocyte mitochondrial function in a pro-inflammatory situation. 3T3-L1 cells were treated for 24 h with ER agonists (PPT, DPN, and G1) and antagonists (MPP, PHTPP, and G15) in the presence or absence of interleukin 6 (IL6), as a pro-inflammatory stimulus. Inflammation, mitochondrial function and biogenesis markers were analyzed. To confirm the involvement of the PKA pathway, cells were treated with a GPER agonist, a PKA inhibitor, and IL6. Mitochondrial function markers were analyzed. Our results showed that activation of ERα and GPER, but not ERβ, was able to counteract the proinflammatory effects of IL6 treatment, as well as mitochondrial biogenesis and function indicators. Inhibition of PKA prevented the E2- and G1-associated increase in mitochondrial function markers. In conclusion E2 prevents IL6 induced inflammation in adipocytes and promotes mitochondrial function through the combined activation of both GPER and ERα. These findings expand our understanding of ER interactions under inflammatory conditions in female rodent white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bauzá-Thorbrügge
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Sergio Rodríguez-Cuenca
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC-Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC-Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Bel M Galmés-Pascual
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miquel Sbert-Roig
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Magdalena Gianotti
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Isabel Lladó
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ana M Proenza
- Grup Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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The Correlation Between Some Body Composition Indices and Premenstrual Syndrome in Young Females. WOMEN’S HEALTH BULLETIN 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/whb.83750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Chen R, Chen S, Liu M, He H, Xu H, Liu H, Du H, Wang W, Xia X, Liu J. Pregnancy outcomes of PCOS overweight/obese patients after controlled ovarian stimulation with the GnRH antagonist protocol and frozen embryo transfer. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:36. [PMID: 29636081 PMCID: PMC5894217 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at increased risk of subfertility and complications of pregnancy, compared with normal-weight women. To implement controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH), the improved efficacy of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-ant) protocol has been demonstrated, as well as frozen embryo transfer (FET). OBJECTIVE This retrospective study evaluated the pregnancy outcomes after combined GnRH-ant protocol and FET in overweight/obese women with PCOS, with reference to that of normal-weight women with PCOS. METHODS Women with PCOS (n = 398) who underwent the GnRH-ant protocol for COH followed by FET, were stratified as normal-weight (BMI < 24 kg/m2) or overweight/obese (BMI ≥24 kg/m2). The outcomes of pregnancy were compared. RESULTS The overweight/obese patients had significantly lower rates of embryo implantation (47.7%), live birth (47.8%), and live births of twins (10.9%) compared with the normal-weight group (58.4%, 60.8%, and 30.0%, respectively; P = 0.006, 0.015, and 0.000), while the rate of late abortion was significantly higher (11.0% cf. 3.8%, P = 0.030). BMI was the only significant factor affecting the probability of live birth. CONCLUSION The pregnancy outcomes of overweight/obese women with PCOS after COH via the GnRH-ant protocol and FET remained at a significant deficit compared with that of normal-weight women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory for Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiping Chen
- Key Laboratory for Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Manting Liu
- Key Laboratory for Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua He
- Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzi Du
- Key Laboratory for Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Houston Fertility Laboratory, Houston, TX, 77063, USA
| | - Xuefeng Xia
- Key Laboratory for Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianqiao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China.
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Pu Y, Gingrich JD, Steibel JP, Veiga-Lopez A. Sex-Specific Modulation of Fetal Adipogenesis by Gestational Bisphenol A and Bisphenol S Exposure. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3844-3858. [PMID: 28938450 PMCID: PMC5695840 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The endocrine-disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA) increases adipose tissue mass in vivo and promotes adipogenesis in vitro; however, mechanisms explaining BPA's obesogenic effect remain unknown. We investigated the effects of gestational BPA and its analog, bisphenol S (BPS), exposure on the adipogenic differentiation ability of fetal preadipocytes and the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in regulating this process. Pregnant sheep (n = 7 to 8 per group) mated to the same male were exposed to BPA or BPS from days 30 to 100 of gestation; pregnancies were terminated 20 days later. Adipose tissue was harvested and fetal preadipocytes isolated. Adipose tissue gene expression, adipocyte size, preadipocyte gene expression, adipogenic differentiation, and dynamic expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and endoplasmic reticulum stress were assessed. Gestational BPA enhanced adipogenic differentiation in female, but not male, preadipocytes. The unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway was upregulated in BPA-exposed female preadipocytes supportive of a higher endoplasmic reticulum stress. Increased expression of estradiol receptor 1 and glucocorticoid receptor in female preadipocytes suggests that this may be a potential cause behind the sex-specific effects observed upon BPA exposure. Gestational BPS affected adipogenic terminal differentiation gene expression in male preadipocytes, but not adipogenic differentiation potential. We demonstrate that gestational BPA exposure can modulate the differentiation ability of fetal preadipocytes. UPR upregulation in gestationally BPA-exposed female preadipocytes may contribute to the increased preadipocyte's adipogenic ability. The marked sex-specific effect of BPA highlights higher susceptibility of females to bisphenol A and potentially, a higher risk to develop obesity in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Pu
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Jeremy D. Gingrich
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Juan P. Steibel
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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Transcriptome analysis of mRNA and microRNAs in intramuscular fat tissues of castrated and intact male Chinese Qinchuan cattle. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185961. [PMID: 29073274 PMCID: PMC5657623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is known to enhance beef palatability and can be markedly increased by castration. However, there is little understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the IMF deposition after castration of beef cattle. We hypothesize that genetic regulators function differently in IMF from bulls and steers. Therefore, after detecting serum testosterone and lipid parameter, as well as the contents of IMF at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, we have investigated differentially expressed (DE) microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs in IMF of bulls and steers at 24 months of age in Qinchuan cattle using next-generation sequencing, and then explored the possible biopathways regulating IMF deposition. Serum testosterone levels were significantly decreased in steers, whereas IMF content, serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TGs) were markedly increased in steers. Comparing the results of steers and bulls, 580 upregulated genes and 1,120 downregulated genes in IMF tissues were identified as DE genes correlated with IMF deposition. The upregulated genes were mainly associated with lipid metabolism, lipogenesis and fatty acid transportation signalling pathways, and the downregulated genes were correlated with immune response and intracellular signal transduction. Concurrently, the DE miRNAs—important players in adipose tissue accumulation induced by castration—were also examined in IMF tissues; 52 DE miRNAs were identified. The expression profiles of selected genes and miRNAs were also confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays. Using integrated analysis, we constructed the microRNA-target regulatory network which was supported by target validation using the dual luciferase reporter system. Moreover, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software was used to construct a molecular interaction network that could be involved in regulating IMF after castration. The detected molecular network is closely associated with lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation, which is supported by functional identification results of bta-let-7i on bovine preadipocytes. These results provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of the IMF phenotype differences between steers and bulls.
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38
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Lee MJ, Fried SK. Sex-dependent Depot Differences in Adipose Tissue Development and Function; Role of Sex Steroids. J Obes Metab Syndr 2017; 26:172-180. [PMID: 31089514 PMCID: PMC6484911 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2017.26.3.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Men and women are different in their fat mass and distribution pattern. The gynoid-type fat distribution, accumulation in lower-body, is considered to be protective while the android-type accumulation in upper-body, both in abdominal subcutaneous and visceral depots, is detrimental. Sex-dependent depot differences in adipose metabolic and endocrine functions are thought to contribute to the sexual disparity in fat distribution as well as its association with cardiometabolic risks. Although molecular details have not been completely elucidated, available evidence shows that sex steroid hormones are important factors governing sexual dimorphism in adipose tissue distribution and hence, risks for metabolic diseases. We will review sex-dependent heterogeneities in adipose tissue properties that can link their depot-specific biology to metabolic complications in men and women. In addition, we will also review how sex steroids regulate adipose tissue biology, both development and functional characteristics, with emphasis on their depot-dependent actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jeong Lee
- Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Susan K Fried
- Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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40
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Kassotis CD, Masse L, Kim S, Schlezinger JJ, Webster TF, Stapleton HM. Characterization of Adipogenic Chemicals in Three Different Cell Culture Systems: Implications for Reproducibility Based on Cell Source and Handling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42104. [PMID: 28176856 PMCID: PMC5296734 DOI: 10.1038/srep42104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential for chemical exposures to exacerbate the development and/or prevalence of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, is currently of great societal concern. Various in vitro assays are available to assess adipocyte differentiation, though little work has been done to standardize protocols and compare models effectively. This study compares several adipogenic cell culture systems under a variety of conditions to assess variability in responses. Two sources of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes as well as OP9 preadipocytes were assessed for cell proliferation and triglyceride accumulation following different induction periods and using various tissue culture plates. Both cell line and cell source had a significant impact on potencies and efficacies of adipogenic chemicals. Gene expression analyses suggested that differential expression of nuclear receptors involved in adipogenesis underlie the differences between OP9 and 3T3-L1 cells; however, there were also differences based on 3T3-L1 cell source. Induction period modulated potency and efficacy of response depending on cell line and test chemical, and large variations were observed in triglyceride accumulation and cell proliferation between brands of tissue culture plates. Our results suggest that the selection of a cell system and differentiation protocol significantly impacts the detection of adipogenic chemicals, and therefore, influences reproducibility of these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Masse
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Stephanie Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jennifer J Schlezinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Thomas F Webster
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Flaxseed secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) during lactation improves bone metabolism in offspring at adulthood. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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42
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Rubinow KB. Estrogens and Body Weight Regulation in Men. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1043:285-313. [PMID: 29224100 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the metabolic roles of sex steroids in men has evolved substantially over recent decades. Whereas testosterone once was believed to contribute to metabolic risk in men, the importance of adequate androgen exposure for the maintenance of metabolic health has been demonstrated unequivocally. A growing body of evidence now also supports a critical role for estrogens in metabolic regulation in men. Recent data from clinical intervention studies indicate that estradiol may be a stronger determinant of adiposity than testosterone in men, and even short-term estradiol deprivation contributes to fat mass accrual. The following chapter will outline findings to date regarding the mechanisms, whereby estrogens contribute to the regulation of body weight and adiposity in men. It will present emergent clinical data as well as preclinical findings that reveal mechanistic insights into estrogen-mediated regulation of body composition. Findings in both males and females will be reviewed, to draw comparisons and to highlight knowledge gaps regarding estrogen action specifically in males. Finally, the clinical relevance of estrogen exposure in men will be discussed, particularly in the context of a rising global prevalence of obesity and expanding clinical use of sex steroid-based therapies in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya B Rubinow
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Cox-York KA, Erickson CB, Pereira RI, Bessesen DH, Van Pelt RE. Region-specific effects of oestradiol on adipose-derived stem cell differentiation in post-menopausal women. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:677-684. [PMID: 27862950 PMCID: PMC5345675 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the effect of acute transdermal 17β‐oestradiol (E2) on the adipogenic potential of subcutaneous adipose‐derived stem cells (ASC) in post‐menopausal women. Post‐menopausal women (n = 11; mean age 57 ± 4.5 years) were treated for 2 weeks, in a randomized, cross‐over design, with transdermal E2 (0.15 mg) or placebo patches. Biopsies of abdominal (AB) and femoral (FEM) subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were obtained after each treatment and mature adipocytes were analysed for cell size and ASC for their capacity for proliferation (growth rate), differentiation (triglyceride accumulation) and susceptibility to tumour necrosis factor alpha‐induced apoptosis. Gene expression of oestrogen receptors α and β (ESR1 and ESR2), perilipin 1 and hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL), was also assessed. In FEM SAT, but not AB SAT, 2 weeks of E2 significantly (P = 0.03) increased ASC differentiation and whole SAT HSL mRNA expression (P = 0.03) compared to placebo. These changes were not associated with mRNA expression of oestrogen receptors α and β, but HSL expression was significantly increased in FEM SAT with transdermal E2 treatment. Adipose‐derived stem cells proliferation and apoptosis did not change in either SAT depot after E2 compared with placebo. Short‐term E2 appeared to increase the adipogenic potential of FEM, but not AB, SAT in post‐menopausal women with possible implications for metabolic disease. Future studies are needed to determine longer term impact of E2 on regional SAT accumulation in the context of positive energy imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher B Erickson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rocio I Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Daniel H Bessesen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Rachael E Van Pelt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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In vivo triglyceride synthesis in subcutaneous adipose tissue of humans correlates with plasma HDL parameters. Atherosclerosis 2016; 251:147-152. [PMID: 27323227 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Low concentrations of plasma HDL-C are associated with the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Here we aimed to explore the relationship between the in vivo fractional synthesis of triglycerides (fTG) in subcutaneous (s.q.) abdominal adipose tissue (AT), HDL-C concentrations and HDL particle size composition in non-diabetic humans. METHODS The fTG in s.q. abdominal AT was measured in 16 non-diabetic volunteers (7 women, 9 men; Age: 49 ± 20 years; BMI: 31 ± 5 kg/m; Fasting Plasma Glucose: 90 ± 10 mg/dl) after (2)H2O labeling. HDL-C concentration and subclasses, large (L-HDL), intermediate (I-HDL) and small (S-HDL) were measured. RESULTS Linear regression analyses demonstrated significant associations of fTG with plasma concentration of HDL-C (r = 0.625,p = 0.009) and percent contribution of L-HDL (r = 0.798,p < 0.001), I-HDL (r = -0.765,p < 0.001) and S-HDL (r = -0.629, p = 0.009). When analyses were performed by gender, the associations remained significant in women (HDL-C: r = 0.822,p = 0.023; L-HDL: r = 0.892,p = 0.007; I-HDL: r = -0.927,p = 0.003) but not men. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated an in vivo association between subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue lipid dynamics and HDL parameters in humans, but this was true for women not men. Positive association with L-HDL and negative with I-HDL suggest that subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue lipid dynamics may play an important role in production of mature functional HDL particles. Further studies evaluating the mechanism responsible for these associations and the observed gender differences are important and warranted to identify potential novel targets of intervention to increase the production of atheroprotective subclasses of HDL-Cs and thus decreasing the risks of development of atherosclerotic conditions.
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Kautzky-Willer A, Harreiter J, Pacini G. Sex and Gender Differences in Risk, Pathophysiology and Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Endocr Rev 2016; 37:278-316. [PMID: 27159875 PMCID: PMC4890267 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1070] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The steep rise of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated complications go along with mounting evidence of clinically important sex and gender differences. T2DM is more frequently diagnosed at lower age and body mass index in men; however, the most prominent risk factor, which is obesity, is more common in women. Generally, large sex-ratio differences across countries are observed. Diversities in biology, culture, lifestyle, environment, and socioeconomic status impact differences between males and females in predisposition, development, and clinical presentation. Genetic effects and epigenetic mechanisms, nutritional factors and sedentary lifestyle affect risk and complications differently in both sexes. Furthermore, sex hormones have a great impact on energy metabolism, body composition, vascular function, and inflammatory responses. Thus, endocrine imbalances relate to unfavorable cardiometabolic traits, observable in women with androgen excess or men with hypogonadism. Both biological and psychosocial factors are responsible for sex and gender differences in diabetes risk and outcome. Overall, psychosocial stress appears to have greater impact on women rather than on men. In addition, women have greater increases of cardiovascular risk, myocardial infarction, and stroke mortality than men, compared with nondiabetic subjects. However, when dialysis therapy is initiated, mortality is comparable in both males and females. Diabetes appears to attenuate the protective effect of the female sex in the development of cardiac diseases and nephropathy. Endocrine and behavioral factors are involved in gender inequalities and affect the outcome. More research regarding sex-dimorphic pathophysiological mechanisms of T2DM and its complications could contribute to more personalized diabetes care in the future and would thus promote more awareness in terms of sex- and gender-specific risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Gender Medicine Unit (A.K.-W., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and Metabolic Unit (G.P.), Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, 35127 Padua, Italy
| | - Jürgen Harreiter
- Gender Medicine Unit (A.K.-W., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and Metabolic Unit (G.P.), Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, 35127 Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pacini
- Gender Medicine Unit (A.K.-W., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and Metabolic Unit (G.P.), Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, 35127 Padua, Italy
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Gao H, Dahlman-Wright K. Implications of estrogen receptor alpha and estrogen receptor beta for adipose tissue functions and cardiometabolic complications. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 15:81-90. [PMID: 25436735 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2013-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that estrogen signaling regulates energy metabolism and exerts important functions in maintaining adipose tissue metabolism, including controlling the distribution of body fat. Changes in the physiological functions of adipose tissue, particularly the white adipose tissue, have been strongly connected to obesity and the development of related cardiometabolic complications. In this review, we will focus on discussing the role of estrogen signaling in regulating adipocyte differentiation, metabolism and its endocrine function with a focus on the possible underlying molecular mechanisms mediated by estrogen receptor α and estrogen receptor β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Pedram A, Razandi M, Blumberg B, Levin ER. Membrane and nuclear estrogen receptor α collaborate to suppress adipogenesis but not triglyceride content. FASEB J 2015; 30:230-40. [PMID: 26373802 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-274878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen and estrogen receptor (ER)-α suppress visceral fat development through actions in several organs via unclear mechanisms that we sought to identify. Using mice that express only nuclear ER-α [nuclear-only ER-α (NOER) mice] or plasma membrane ER-α [membrane-only ER-α (MOER) mice], we found that 10-wk-old mice that lacked either receptor pool showed extensive abdominal visceral fat deposition and weight gain compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Differentiation of cultured bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) into the adipocyte lineage was suppressed by 17-β-estradiol (E2) in WT female mice but not in NOER or MOER mice. This finding correlated with E2 inhibition of prominent differentiation genes in WT BMSCs. In contrast, triglyceride content in differentiated BMSCs or 3T3-L1 cells was suppressed as a result of membrane ER-α signaling through several kinases to inhibit carbohydrate response element-binding protein-α and -β. We concluded that extranuclear and nuclear ER-α collaborate to suppress adipocyte development, but inhibition of lipid synthesis in mature cells does not involve nuclear ER-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pedram
- *Division of Endocrinology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Mahnaz Razandi
- *Division of Endocrinology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- *Division of Endocrinology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ellis Robert Levin
- *Division of Endocrinology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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Jiang G, Li L, Fan J, Zhang B, Oso AO, Xiao C, Yin Y. Dietary soy isoflavones differentially regulate expression of the lipid-metabolic genes in different white adipose tissues of the female Bama mini-pigs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 461:159-64. [PMID: 25866186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Soy isoflavones have been shown to affect lipid metabolism, however the underlying molecular mechanism(s) have not yet been fully understood. The present study, using female Bama mini-pig as a model, examined the effects of soy isoflavones on lipid metabolism and involved gene expression in different white adipose tissues. Female Bama Xiang mini-pigs of 35 days old were fed a basal diet (control, Con), or basal diet supplemented with increasing amounts of soy isoflavones (250, 500, or 1250 mg/kg diet) for 120 days. The results showed that soy isoflavones did not affect the body weight, but decreased the dorsal subcutaneous adipose tissue (DSA) mass and increased the mass of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASA) and perirenal adipose tissue (PRA). Besides, soy isoflavones decreased the expression of lipogenic genes and increased the expression of lipolytic genes in DSA, while the opposite effects were observed in ASA and PRA. In addition, the expression of lipoprotein lipase was down regulated in DSA while up regulated in ASA and PRA by soy isoflavones. Moreover, the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) was up regulated in DSA, and down regulated in ASA and PRA by soy isoflavones. Our results suggest that soy isoflavones affected the lipid metabolism in white adipose tissues of Bama mini-pigs in a site-specific manner, which might be mediated through PPARs and ERs regulated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Jiang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes of Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Lili Li
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes of Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Juexin Fan
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes of Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - A O Oso
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Chaowu Xiao
- Nutrition Research Division, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Yulong Yin
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes of Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
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Lee JH, Son JH, Chae YJ, Ahn SH, Lee W, Kim DD, Chung SJ. Gender differences in the hepatic elimination and pharmacokinetics of lobeglitazone in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2015; 36:410-415. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute of Toxicology; 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-343 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeng Son
- College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Jee Chae
- Chong Kun Dang Research Institute; Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 446-916 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Ahn
- College of Pharmacy; Kangwon National University; 1 Kangwondaehak-ro Chuncheon Kangwon-do 200-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Wooin Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Duk Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Jae Chung
- College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous fat grafting is a widely used procedure, yet the mechanisms that regulate graft outcomes are poorly understood. Estrogen signaling is a potent regulator of lipid handling, inflammation, fibrosis, and adipocyte progenitor recruitment in adipose tissues. To date, no studies have investigated the effect of circulating estrogens on fat graft outcomes. METHODS Immunosuppressed (Nu/Nu) mice underwent ovariectomy or sham surgery. Forty-five days later, half the mice (donors) were killed, and adipose tissue was taken and transplanted into the remaining cohort (recipients). Forty-five days after transplantation, grafts were dissected, weighed, and assessed for expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, estrogen receptor-α, and vascular density. RESULTS Grafts harvested from and transplanted into sham environments are smaller but more highly vascularized compared with ovariectomy environments. The estrogenic effects on grafts are more critical at the site of the donor tissue than the recipient. Finally, expression of estrogen receptor-α in the grafted tissue correlates with the observed graft characteristics, which is altered by both the donor and recipient environments. CONCLUSIONS Circulating estrogens have significant effects on fat graft outcomes, primarily at the site of the donor tissue. As there are well-established depot-specific estrogenic responses, the choice of adipose depot used as a donor for fat grafting may affect outcomes. In addition, outcomes may be confounded by the patient's hormonal status. Understanding the mechanisms by which estrogen signaling regulates graft outcomes is important in refining this commonly used clinical procedure.
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