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Rausch J, Steinbicker AU, Friedrichson B, Flinspach AN, Zacharowski K, Adam EH, Piekarski F. Polyuria in COVID-19 Patients Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4081. [PMID: 39064121 PMCID: PMC11278414 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented number of patients requiring veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) therapy. Clinical polyuria was observed at our ECMO center during the pandemic. This study aims to investigate the incidence, potential causes, and implications of polyuria in COVID-19 patients undergoing VV ECMO therapy. Methods: Here, 68 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients receiving VV ECMO were stratified into the following two groups: polyuria (PU), characterized by an average urine output of ≥3000 mL/day within seven days following initiation, and non-polyuria (NPU), defined by <3000 mL/day. Polyuria in ECMO patients occurred in 51.5% (n = 35) within seven days after ECMO initiation. No significant difference in mortality was observed between PU and NPU groups (60.0% vs. 60.6%). Differences were found in the fluid intake (p < 0.01) and balance within 24 h (p = 0.01), creatinine (p < 0.01), plasma osmolality (p = < 0.01), lactate (p < 0.01), urea (p < 0.01), and sodium levels (p < 0.01) between the groups. Plasma osmolality increased (p < 0.01) after ECMO initiation during the observation period. Results: Diuresis and plasma osmolality increased during VV ECMO treatment, while mortality was not affected by polyuria. Conclusions: Polyuria does not appear to impact mortality. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate its underlying mechanisms and clinical implications in the context of VV ECMO therapy and COVID-19 management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Rausch
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andrea U. Steinbicker
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Benjamin Friedrichson
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Armin N. Flinspach
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kai Zacharowski
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elisabeth H. Adam
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Florian Piekarski
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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2
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Heshmati HM. Interactions between COVID-19 infection and diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1306290. [PMID: 38292772 PMCID: PMC10826510 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1306290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a major pandemic affecting human health and economy around the world since the beginning of 2020. The virus responsible for the disease is "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2). It invades the target cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 is expressed in several organs including endocrine glands. Multiple endocrine and metabolic systems including the endocrine pancreas have been impacted by COVID-19 infection/pandemic. COVID-19 pandemic can promote obesity through alterations in lifestyle (e.g., unhealthy diet and reduced physical activity due to confinement and isolation) leading to type 2 diabetes and/or can directly impair the function of the endocrine pancreas particularly through a cytokine storm, promoting or aggravating type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The increased ACE2 receptors of high adiposity commonly associated with type 2 diabetes and the chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes with its negative impact on the immune system can increase the risk of COVID-19 infection and its morbidity/mortality. In conclusion, there are bidirectional interactions between COVID-19 pandemic and diabetes (e.g., COVID-19 infection can impact diabetes and diabetes can impact COVID-19 infection). The services offered by healthcare systems for the management of diabetes have been adapted accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M. Heshmati
- Endocrinology Metabolism Consulting, LLC, Hassan Heshmati and Valerie Shaw Endocrine Research, Anthem, AZ, United States
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3
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Venugopal N, Armstrong PA, Wright TJ, Randolph KM, Batson RD, Yuen KCJ, Masel B, Sheffield-Moore M, Pyles RB, Urban RJ. Is there a role for growth hormone replacement in adults to control acute and post-acute COVID-19? Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 37:101842. [PMID: 37996257 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2023.101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic created a multitude of medical crossroads requiring real time adaptations of best practice covering preventative and interventional aspects of care. Among the many discoveries borne from efforts to address the myriad clinical presentations across multiple organ systems was a common impact on tissues with cells that express the ACE-2 receptor. The vast majority of acute infections began and often ended in the respiratory tract, but more recent evaluations have confirmed significant extrapulmonary manifestations including symptom clusters that extend beyond the acute phase of infection collectively referred to as "post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection" (PASC) or more commonly as "long (-haul) COVID". Both acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and PASC are associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis and alterations in the gut-brain and HPA-axis in a subset of the infected. Mounting evidence suggests these extrapulmonary manifestations may ultimately lead to reduced growth hormone (GH) secretion as demonstrated following stimulation tests. Disrupted GH secretion could cause or exacerbate long lasting neuropsychological symptoms as seen in other similar manifesting conditions. Ongoing clinical research has shown promising improvement in PASC patients with fatigue and cognition complaints can be achieved via GH replacement therapy. GH stimulation testing should be considered in PASC workups and future research should delve deeper into the mechanistic effects of GH on acute COVID and PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Venugopal
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Peyton A Armstrong
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Traver J Wright
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Kathleen M Randolph
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | | | - Kevin C J Yuen
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Barrow Pituitary Center and Barrow Neuroendocrinology Clinic, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
| | - Brent Masel
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Centre for Neuro Skills, Bakersfield, CA 93313, USA.
| | - Melinda Sheffield-Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Richard B Pyles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Randall J Urban
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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C M SS, Ramesh J. Evaluation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis during the post-COVID-19 period in patients treated with steroids during the illness. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2023; 68:e220207. [PMID: 37948563 PMCID: PMC10916833 DOI: 10.20945/2359-4292-2022-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective COVID-19 is a multisystem immunoinflammatory disorder, and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may be affected by SARS-CoV-2 as well as by steroid treatment during the illness. Information on the HPA axis after recovering from COVID-19, especially in those treated with steroids, is sparse. Hence, this study was performed to evaluate the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis during the post-COVID-19 period in patients treated with steroids during the illness. Subject and methods This prospective study involved 60 patients aged 18-60 years who had recovered from moderate or severe COVID-19 and had received steroid treatment during the illness. The HPA axis was assessed with a low-dose (1 mcg) adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test at 3, 6 and 9 months in the post-COVID period. Results The HPA axis was suppressed in 31.66% of the patients at 3 months and 5% at 6 months; however, all patients recovered at 9 months. Cumulative steroid use during the illness was inversely correlated with stimulated cortisol at 3 months in the post-COVID period. Fatigue was present in 58.33% of the patients at 3 months and was more prevalent in those with HPA axis suppression. Conclusion Nearly one-third of the patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 who were treated with steroids had suppressed HPA axis at 3 months, with gradual recovery over a period of 9 months. Cumulative steroid equivalent dose, but not disease severity, was predictive of HPA axis suppression at 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sundar C M
- NTR University of Health Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Jayanthy Ramesh
- NTR University of Health Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, India,
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Neuromasts and Olfactory Organs of Zebrafish Larvae Represent Possible Sites of SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirus Host Cell Entry. J Virol 2022; 96:e0141822. [PMID: 36448804 PMCID: PMC9769390 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01418-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the acute respiratory disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has resulted in millions of deaths globally. Here, we explored the mechanism of host cell entry of a luciferase-ZsGreen spike (SARS-CoV-2)-pseudotyped lentivirus using zebrafish embryos/larvae as an in vivo model. Successful pseudovirus entry was demonstrated via the expression of the luciferase (luc) gene, which was validated by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Treatment of larvae with chloroquine (a broad-spectrum viral inhibitor that blocks membrane fusion) or bafilomycin A1 (a specific inhibitor of vacuolar proton ATPases, which blocks endolysosomal trafficking) significantly reduced luc expression, indicating the possible involvement of the endolysosomal system in the viral entry mechanism. The pharmacological inhibition of two-pore channel (TPC) activity or use of the tpcn2dhkz1a mutant zebrafish line also led to diminished luc expression. The localized expression of ACE2 and TPC2 in the anterior neuromasts and the forming olfactory organs was demonstrated, and the occurrence of endocytosis in both locations was confirmed. Together, our data indicate that zebrafish embryos/larvae are a viable and tractable model to explore the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 host cell entry, that the peripheral sense organs are a likely site for viral host cell entry, and that TPC2 plays a key role in the translocation of the virus through the endolysosomal system. IMPORTANCE Despite the development of effective vaccines to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, which help prevent the most life-threatening symptoms, full protection cannot be guaranteed, especially with the emergence of new viral variants. Moreover, some resistance to vaccination remains in certain age groups and cultures. As such, there is an urgent need for the development of new strategies and therapies to help combat this deadly disease. Here, we provide compelling evidence that the peripheral sensory organs of zebrafish possess several key components required for SARS-CoV-2 host cell entry. The nearly transparent larvae provide a most amenable complementary platform to investigate the key steps of viral entry into host cells, as well as its spread through the tissues and organs. This will help in the identification of key viral entry steps for therapeutic intervention, provide an inexpensive model for screening novel antiviral compounds, and assist in the development of new and more effective vaccines.
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Arbov E, Tayara A, Wu S, Rich TC, Wagener BM. COVID-19 and Long-Term Outcomes: Lessons from Other Critical Care Illnesses and Potential Mechanisms. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:275-283. [PMID: 35348443 PMCID: PMC9447134 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0374ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that is currently causing a pandemic and has been termed coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The elderly or those with preexisting conditions like diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cerebrovascular disease, or kidney dysfunction are more likely to develop severe cases when infected. Patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU have higher mortality than non-ICU patients. Critical illness has consistently posed a challenge not only in terms of mortality but also in regard to long-term outcomes of survivors. Patients who survive acute critical illness including, but not limited to, pulmonary and systemic insults associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, systemic inflammation, and mechanical ventilation, will likely suffer from post-ICU syndrome, a phenomenon of cognitive, psychiatric, and/or physical disability after treatment in the ICU. Post-ICU morbidity and mortality continue to be a cause for concern when considering large-scale studies showing 12-month mortality risks of 11.8-21%. Previous studies have demonstrated that multiple mechanisms, including cytokine release, mitochondrial dysfunction, and even amyloids, may lead to end-organ dysfunction in patients. We hypothesize that COVID-19 infection will lead to post-ICU syndrome via potentially similar mechanisms as other chronic critical illnesses and cause long-term morbidity and mortality in patients. We consider a variety of mechanisms and questions that not only consider the short-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic but its long-term effects that may not yet be imagined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Arbov
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Alia Tayara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- Honors College
| | - Songwei Wu
- Divisions of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine and
| | - Thomas C. Rich
- Department of Pharmacology, and
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama; and
| | - Brant M. Wagener
- Divisions of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine and
- Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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7
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Shields LBE, Daniels MW, Peppas DS, White JT, Mohamed AZ, Canalichio K, Rosenberg S, Rosenberg E. Surge in testicular torsion in pediatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Pediatr Surg 2022; 57:1660-1663. [PMID: 34392971 PMCID: PMC9282895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular torsion is a pediatric surgical emergency, and prompt diagnosis and treatment is imperative. During the COVID-19 pandemic, pediatric patients with symptoms of testicular torsion may be reluctant to seek medical care which increases the likelihood of delayed presentation and the need for an orchiectomy. This observational study sought to determine whether there was a higher number of testicular torsion cases during COVID-19. METHODS As the first patient with COVID-19 was admitted to our facility on March 6, 2020, we identified male children ages 1-18 years with testicular torsion between March 1-December 31, 2020 (during COVID-19) compared to the same time period between 2015 and 2019 (prior to COVID-19). All patients were evaluated at our Institution's Emergency Department by a pediatric urologist. RESULTS There were 38 cases of testicular torsion between March 1-December 31, 2020 compared to 15.8 cases on average during the same 10-month period between 2015 and 2019 (a total of 79 cases). There was a statistically significant increase in testicular torsion cases during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to equivalent time periods in 2015-2019 (38 vs. 15.8, p = 0.05). Patients with testicular torsion during the COVID-19 pandemic were younger, had a longer duration of symptoms, and had a higher number of orchiectomies (although not statistically significant). CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic, an escalation in testicular torsion cases was observed. Timely assessment, diagnosis, and surgery are crucial to prevent testicular loss and potential infertility in the future. Further evaluation is needed to elucidate the surge in testicular torsion and possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B E Shields
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, 210 East Gray Street, Suite 1102, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Michael W Daniels
- Department of Bioinformatics & Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville KY 40292 USA
| | - Dennis S Peppas
- Norton Children's Urology, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY 40207, USA
| | - Jeffrey T White
- Norton Children's Urology, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY 40207, USA
| | - Ahmad Z Mohamed
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Katie Canalichio
- Norton Children's Urology, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY 40207, USA
| | - Shilo Rosenberg
- Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Eran Rosenberg
- Norton Children's Urology, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY 40207, USA.
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Ramos-Yataco A, Salcedo Davila EA, Meza K, Harbuz-Miller I. New-Onset and Persistent Insulin-Dependent Diabetes in Patients With COVID-19: A Peruvian Experience. Cureus 2022; 14:e27272. [PMID: 36039206 PMCID: PMC9404677 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been recognized as a risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, and COVID-19 in diabetic patients is associated with a poor prognosis. New evidence suggests that patients with T2DM may experience diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) if infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, there is limited literature on new-onset diabetes in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 without a history of diabetes. We present a case series of three patients who developed new-onset diabetes while suffering from acute COVID-19 infection; they presented with DKA even though they had no prior history or risk factors for diabetes. They remain persistently insulin-dependent several months post-recovery.
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Madaan S, Talwar D, Jaiswal A, Kumar S, Acharya N, Acharya S, Dewani D. Post-COVID-19 menstrual abnormalities and infertility: Repercussions of the pandemic. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:170. [PMID: 35847136 PMCID: PMC9277727 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1200_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
While battling the life-threatening complications of COVID-19, its effect on the menstrual cycle and infertility has been somewhat ignored. This brief review aims on highlighting the importance of menstrual abnormalities being experienced during the post-COVID period and to make the clinicians aware about what to expect in regard of menstrual abnormalities by learning from various studies that have been conducted worldwide. This review article was written with systematic literature review with the help of data search machine such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar. A search strategy leads to the extraction of 160 related articles that after the removal of inappropriate and duplicate articles, 33 articles were selected for the review. To find other potentially relevant articles, the references of the extracted articles were thoroughly examined. The search was carried out using keywords including "COVID-19," "Menstrual abnormalities," and "Infertility." Using OR and AND, the keywords mentioned above were combined and then utilized in the search box of the databases. Articles published from January 2020 to September 2021 were included in this study. It includes worldwide data ranging from studies done in China, India, Ireland, Turkey, Jordan, and Germany. During the post-COVID period, there is a significant alteration in the sex hormones of females infected by COVID-19 which may manifest as menstrual cycle abnormalities such as decreased cycle length or prolonged menstrual cycle bleeding. It may also manifest as infertility due to ovarian failure due to suppression of ovarian function COVID-19 a novel coronavirus which is presently a pandemic has affected the world in manner reminding the world of 1918 Spanish flu. However, while battling the deadly pandemic, the clinicians should also be aware of the repercussions of the effect this infection has on multiple organs such as ovarian suppression leading to infertility, oligomenorrhea, or menorrhagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sparsh Madaan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dhruv Talwar
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arpita Jaiswal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neema Acharya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sourya Acharya
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepika Dewani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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Naghshineh H, Hasanpour A, Ziaei N, Sadeghi M, Meftah N. Pheochromocytoma triggered by coronavirus disease 2019: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:233. [PMID: 35681144 PMCID: PMC9183746 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease with many presentations, and many of its effects on the human body are still unknown. Pheochromocytoma is a neuroendocrine tumor that may occur sporadically or be a manifestation of a hereditary disease line multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2. Case presentation In this study, we report a case of an Iranian patient infected with coronavirus disease 2019, causing unusual presentations of pheochromocytoma, including myocarditis and cerebrovascular involvement. Conclusions We discovered a case of pheochromocytoma as an unusual presentation of COVID-19. In further investigations we also discovered thyroid medullary carcinoma and at the end MEN 2 syndrome was diagnosed. After proper treatment many symptoms were eliminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Naghshineh
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ganjafroz Street, Babol, I. R. of Iran
| | | | - Naghmeh Ziaei
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ganjafroz Street, Babol, I. R. of Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Sadeghi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ganjafroz Street, Babol, I. R. of Iran
| | - Neda Meftah
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ganjafroz Street, Babol, I. R. of Iran
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11
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Горбова НЮ, Владимирова ВП, Рожинская ЛЯ, Белая ЖЕ. [Hypophysitis and reversible hypopituitarism developed after COVID-19 infection - a clinical case report]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2022; 68:50-56. [PMID: 35841168 PMCID: PMC9762539 DOI: 10.14341/probl12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM To present a clinical case of reversible hypopituitarism due to hypophysitis developed after COVID-19 infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS A patient with residual clinical manifestations of hypopituitarism underwent clinical evaluation at the time of symptoms of hypopituitarism and in follow-up. Morning serum cortisol (171-536 nmol/l) was measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Morning ACTH (7.2-63.3 pg/ml), prolactin (66-436 mU/l), TSH (0.25-3.5 mIU/L), fT4 (9-19 pmol/l) and fT3 (2.6-5.7 pmol/l) were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Data were analyzed throughout the course of the disease. RESULTS A 35-year-old female developed clinical symptoms of hypopituitarism two months after recovery from a confirmed COVID-19 infection. Laboratory investigation confirmed hypocorticism, hypothyroidism, hypogonadism and the patient was prescribed appropriate hormonal therapy in January 2021. Four months later the symptoms were alleviated (April 2021) and there were signs of recovery shown by imaging and hormonal: morning serum cortisol 227 nmol/l, morning ACTH 33.96 pg/ml, prolactin 68.3 mU/l, TSH 2.626 mIU/L, fT4 10.75 pmol/l, fT3 3.96 pmol/l. Thyroid hormone was discontinued, but hypogonadism and hypocorticism persisted with estradiol - 51.48 pmol/l, 24h urine cortisol level - 41.8 nmol/day. MRI results showed that the signs of hypophysitis were alleviated in comparison with MRI from January 2021. Full recovery of pituitary axis was reported in October 2021, with recovery of normal menstrual cycle. Furthermore, hormonal profile was likewise normal. CONCLUSION This report provides evidence of delayed damage to the pituitary gland after infection with the COVID-19, with recovery of its function and structure. To date, the mechanisms of such an impact are not entirely clear; further collection of data on such cases and analysis is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Н. Ю. Горбова
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | | | - Л. Я. Рожинская
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - Ж. Е. Белая
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
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12
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Moreno‐Perez O, Merino E, Alfayate R, Torregrosa ME, Andres M, Leon‐Ramirez J, Boix V, Gil J, Pico A. Male pituitary-gonadal axis dysfunction in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome-Prevalence and associated factors: A Mediterranean case series. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2022; 96:353-362. [PMID: 34160836 PMCID: PMC8444731 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor can harm testes function. The objectives were to analyse the prevalence of low serum testosterone (LT) and impaired fertility potential (Leydig and Sertoli cells dysfunction, respectively) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) male survivors and to evaluate acute infection-related associated factors. Also, we explore its association with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) and quality of life (QOL). MATERIALS AND METHODS Male adults recovered from polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19 were offered a structured evaluation 8-12 weeks after recovery. The main outcome measure(s) were as follows: LT, defined as total testosterone (TT) < 2 ng/ml or if TT levels 2-4 ng/ml as calculated free testosterone < 6.36 ng/dl; Sertoli cell dysfunction was defined as inhibin-B < 89 pg/ml. Secondary outcome-associated factors were analysed by multiple logistic regression (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval [CI]). QOL was evaluated by SF-36 v.2. RESULTS One hundred and forty-three patients were evaluated at a median (interquartile range) of 77 days (72-83) after disease onset; 72% of them recovered from severe pneumonia. LT was detected in 41 patients (28.7%; 95% CI: 21.8-36.5). Low levels of inhibin-B were detected in 25 patients (18.1%; 95% CI: 12.5-25.3). After multivariate adjustment, obesity and hypokalaemia were associated with LT, whereas age more than 65 was an independent predictor of Sertoli cell dysfunction. LT or Sertoli cell dysfunction was not associated with PCS. Patients with LT had a lower score in four domains of QOL. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of male LT and impaired fertility potential in COVID-19 survivors is high in the medium term. Traditional risk factors and severity markers for COVID-19 could be predictive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Moreno‐Perez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition DepartmentAlicante General University Hospital, Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL)AlicanteSpain
- Clinical Medicine DepartmentMiguel Hernández UniversityElcheSpain
| | - Esperanza Merino
- Unit of Infectious DiseasesAlicante General University Hospital, Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL)AlicanteSpain
| | - Rocio Alfayate
- Clinical Analysis DepartmentAlicante General University Hospital, Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL)AlicanteSpain
| | - Maria Eugenia Torregrosa
- Clinical Analysis DepartmentAlicante General University Hospital, Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL)AlicanteSpain
| | - Mariano Andres
- Clinical Medicine DepartmentMiguel Hernández UniversityElcheSpain
- Rheumatology DepartmentAlicante General University Hospital, Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL)AlicanteSpain
| | - Jose‐Manuel Leon‐Ramirez
- Pneumology DepartmentAlicante General University Hospital, Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL)AlicanteSpain
| | - Vicente Boix
- Clinical Medicine DepartmentMiguel Hernández UniversityElcheSpain
- Unit of Infectious DiseasesAlicante General University Hospital, Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL)AlicanteSpain
| | - Joan Gil
- Pneumology DepartmentAlicante General University Hospital, Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL)AlicanteSpain
| | - Antonio Pico
- Endocrinology and Nutrition DepartmentAlicante General University Hospital, Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL)AlicanteSpain
- Clinical Medicine DepartmentMiguel Hernández UniversityElcheSpain
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Gonen MS, De Bellis A, Durcan E, Bellastella G, Cirillo P, Scappaticcio L, Longo M, Bircan BE, Sahin S, Sulu C, Ozkaya HM, Konukoglu D, Kartufan FF, Kelestimur F. Assessment of Neuroendocrine Changes and Hypothalamo-Pituitary Autoimmunity in Patients with COVID-19. Horm Metab Res 2022; 54:153-161. [PMID: 35276740 DOI: 10.1055/a-1764-1260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 may affect the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and pituitary dysfunction may occur. Therefore, we investigated neuroendocrine changes, in particular, secondary adrenal insufficiency, using a dynamic test and the role of autoimmunity in pituitary dysfunction in patients with COVID-19. The single-center, prospective, case-control study included patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 and healthy controls. Basal hormone levels were measured, and the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test was performed. Antipituitary (APA) and antihypothalamic antibodies (AHA) were also determined. We examined a total of 49 patients with COVID-19 and 28 healthy controls. The frequency of adrenal insufficiency in patients with COVID-19 was found as 8.2%. Patients with COVID-19 had lower free T3, IGF-1, and total testosterone levels, and higher cortisol and prolactin levels when compared with controls. We also demonstrated the presence of APA in three and AHA in one of four patients with adrenal insufficiency. In conclusion, COVID-19 may result in adrenal insufficiency, thus routine screening of adrenal functions in these patients is needed. Endocrine disturbances in COVID-19 are similar to those seen in acute stressful conditions or infections. Pituitary or hypothalamic autoimmunity may play a role in neuroendocrine abnormalities in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Sait Gonen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Annamaria De Bellis
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Emre Durcan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Giuseppe Bellastella
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Cirillo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Scappaticcio
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Miriam Longo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Basak Ecem Bircan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Sahin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem Sulu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Mefkure Ozkaya
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dildar Konukoglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Ferda Kartufan
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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Post-mortem histopathology of pituitary and adrenals of COVID-19 patients. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2022; 57:102045. [PMID: 35334433 PMCID: PMC8873038 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Louis TJ, Qasem A, Abdelli LS, Naser SA. Extra-Pulmonary Complications in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Comprehensive Multi Organ-System Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:153. [PMID: 35056603 PMCID: PMC8781813 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is typically presented with acute symptoms affecting upper and lower respiratory systems. As the current pandemic progresses, COVID-19 patients are experiencing a series of nonspecific or atypical extra-pulmonary complications such as systemic inflammation, hypercoagulability state, and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). These manifestations often delay testing, diagnosis, and the urge to seek effective treatment. Although the pathophysiology of these complications is not clearly understood, the incidence of COVID-19 increases with age and the presence of pre-existing conditions. This review article outlines the pathophysiology and clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on extra-pulmonary systems. Understanding the broad spectrum of atypical extra-pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 should increase disease surveillance, restrict transmission, and most importantly prevent multiple organ-system complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Louis
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Ahmad Qasem
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Latifa S Abdelli
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Saleh A Naser
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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16
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Meiners J, Jansen K, Gorbokon N, Büscheck F, Luebke AM, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Höflmayer D, Weidemann S, Fraune C, Möller K, Bernreuther C, Lebok P, Menz A, Jacobsen F, Clauditz T, Sauter G, Uhlig R, Wilczak W, Izbicki J, Perez D, Minner S, Burandt E, Krech T, Marx A, Simon R, Steurer S. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Protein Is Overexpressed in a Wide Range of Human Tumour Types: A Systematic Tissue Microarray Study on >15,000 Tumours. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121831. [PMID: 34944647 PMCID: PMC8698714 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a regulator in the renin-angiotensin system. ACE2 expression was analysed immunohistochemically in 15,306 samples from 119 tumour types and in 608 samples of 76 normal tissue types. In normal tissue, ACE2 was most abundant in testis and corpus luteum, kidney, small intestine and capillaries of selected organs. At least an occasional weak ACE2 positivity of tumour cells was seen in 83 of 119 (70%) tumour types. ACE2 tumour cell positivity was particularly frequent in papillary (94%) and clear cell (86%) renal cell carcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma (81%), mucinous ovarian cancer (61%), cholangiocarcinoma (58%), hepatocellular carcinoma (56%), and in adenocarcinomas of the stomach (47%), pancreas (42%), and the lung (35%). ACE2-positive capillaries were found in 409/12,644 (3%) of analysable tumours, most frequently in tumours with endocrine/neuroendocrine activity. Presence of ACE2-positive capillaries was linked to low stage in papillary thyroid cancer and low grade in neuroendocrine neoplasms. In conclusion, ACE2 expression can occur both in tumour cells and tumour-associated capillaries in a broad variety of different tumour types at highly variable frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Meiners
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.M.); (K.J.); (J.I.); (D.P.)
| | - Kristina Jansen
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.M.); (K.J.); (J.I.); (D.P.)
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.G.); (F.B.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (D.H.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (K.M.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (F.J.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (R.U.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.G.); (F.B.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (D.H.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (K.M.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (F.J.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (R.U.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Andreas M. Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.G.); (F.B.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (D.H.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (K.M.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (F.J.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (R.U.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.G.); (F.B.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (D.H.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (K.M.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (F.J.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (R.U.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.G.); (F.B.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (D.H.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (K.M.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (F.J.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (R.U.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.G.); (F.B.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (D.H.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (K.M.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (F.J.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (R.U.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.G.); (F.B.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (D.H.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (K.M.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (F.J.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (R.U.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.G.); (F.B.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (D.H.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (K.M.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (F.J.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (R.U.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.G.); (F.B.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (D.H.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (K.M.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (F.J.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (R.U.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.G.); (F.B.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (D.H.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (K.M.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (F.J.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (R.U.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.G.); (F.B.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (D.H.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (K.M.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (F.J.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (R.U.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.G.); (F.B.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (D.H.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (K.M.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (F.J.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (R.U.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.G.); (F.B.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (D.H.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (K.M.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (F.J.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (R.U.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Till Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.G.); (F.B.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (D.H.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (K.M.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (F.J.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (R.U.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.G.); (F.B.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (D.H.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (K.M.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (F.J.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (R.U.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.G.); (F.B.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (D.H.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (K.M.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (F.J.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (R.U.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.G.); (F.B.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (D.H.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (K.M.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (F.J.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (R.U.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Jakob Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.M.); (K.J.); (J.I.); (D.P.)
| | - Daniel Perez
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.M.); (K.J.); (J.I.); (D.P.)
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.G.); (F.B.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (D.H.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (K.M.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (F.J.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (R.U.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.G.); (F.B.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (D.H.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (K.M.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (F.J.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (R.U.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.G.); (F.B.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (D.H.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (K.M.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (F.J.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (R.U.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
- Clinical Centre Osnabrueck, Institute of Pathology, 49074 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Andreas Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.G.); (F.B.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (D.H.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (K.M.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (F.J.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (R.U.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, 90766 Fuerth, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.G.); (F.B.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (D.H.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (K.M.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (F.J.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (R.U.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-7410-57214
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.G.); (F.B.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (D.H.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (K.M.); (C.B.); (P.L.); (A.M.); (F.J.); (T.C.); (G.S.); (R.U.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
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Wang J, Zhu K, Xue Y, Wen G, Tao L. Research Progress in the Treatment of Complications and Sequelae of COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:757605. [PMID: 34926504 PMCID: PMC8674502 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.757605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With the improvement in the understanding of COVID-19 and the widespread vaccination of COVID-19 vaccines in various countries, the epidemic will be brought under control soon. However, multiple viruses could result in the post-viral syndrome, which is also common among patients with COVID-19. Therefore, the long-term consequences and the corresponding treatment of COVID-19 should be the focus in the post-epidemic era. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic strategies for the complications and sequelae of eight major systems caused by COVID-19, including respiratory system, cardiovascular system, neurological system, digestive system, urinary system, endocrine system, reproductive system and skeletal complication. In addition, we also sorted out the side effects reported in the vaccine trials. The purpose of this article is to remind people of possible complications and sequelae of COVID-19 and provide robust guidance on the treatment. It is extremely important to conduct long-term observational prognosis research on a larger scale, so as to have a comprehensive understanding of the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 on the human body and reduce complications to the greatest extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kuoyun Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuchuan Xue
- The First Department of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangfu Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Kouhpayeh HR, Tabasi F, Dehvari M, Naderi M, Bahari G, Khalili T, Clark C, Ghavami S, Taheri M. Association between angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin-II receptor 1 (AGTR1) polymorphisms and COVID-19 infection in the southeast of Iran: a preliminary case-control study. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 6:26. [PMID: 34805533 PMCID: PMC8596349 DOI: 10.1186/s41231-021-00106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic remains an emerging public health crisis with serious adverse effects. The disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV--2) infection, targeting angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor for cell entry. However, changes in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) balance alter an individual's susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. We aimed to evaluate the association between AGT rs699 C > T, ACE rs4646994 I/D, and AGTR1 rs5186 C > A variants and the risk of COVID-19 infection and the severity in a sample of the southeast Iranian population. METHODS A total of 504 subjects, including 258 COVID-19 positives, and 246 healthy controls, were recruited. Genotyping of the ACE gene rs4646994, and AGT rs699, and AGTR1 rs5186 polymorphisms was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), respectively. RESULTS Our results showed that the II genotype of ACE rs4646994 and the I allele decreased the risk of COVID-19 infection. Moreover, we found that the TC genotype and C allele of AGT rs699 increased the risk of COVID-19 infection. The AGTR1 rs5186 was not associated with COVID-19 infection. Also, we did not find any association between these polymorphisms and the severity of the disease. However, we found a significantly higher age and prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in patients with severe disease than a non-severe disease. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that ACE rs4646994 and AGT rs699 polymorphisms increase the risk of COVID-19 infection in a southeast Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Kouhpayeh
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Farhad Tabasi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Dehvari
- Genetics of Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naderi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bahari
- Children and Adolescent Health Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Tahereh Khalili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Courtney Clark
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Mohsen Taheri
- Genetics of Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Genetic, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 9816743463 Iran
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19
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Jeeyavudeen MS, Patrick AW, Gibb FW, Dover AR. COVID-19 vaccine-associated subacute thyroiditis: an unusual suspect for de Quervain's thyroiditis. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/11/e246425. [PMID: 34753732 PMCID: PMC8578953 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-246425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Subacute thyroiditis following vaccination is an uncommon presentation of thyrotoxicosis. As the world undertakes its largest immunisation campaign to date in an attempt to protect the population from COVID-19 infections, an increasing number of rare post vaccine side effects are being observed. We report a case of a middle-aged woman who presented with painful thyroid swelling following the second dose of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) with clinical, biochemical and imaging features consistent with destructive thyrotoxicosis. Symptomatic management only was required for the self-limiting episode. Thyroiditis typically has a mild and self-limiting course and thus this observation should not deter people from vaccination, as COVID-19 infection has a far greater morbidity and mortality risk than thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan W Patrick
- Edinburgh Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fraser W Gibb
- Edinburgh Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anna R Dover
- Edinburgh Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK .,Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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20
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Yang K, Wen G, Wang J, Zhou S, Da W, Meng Y, Xue Y, Tao L. Complication and Sequelae of COVID-19: What Should We Pay Attention to in the Post-Epidemic Era. Front Immunol 2021; 12:711741. [PMID: 34539642 PMCID: PMC8446426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.711741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is widespread worldwide and seriously affects the daily life and health of humans. Countries around the world are taking necessary measures to curb the spread. However, COVID-19 patients often have at least one organ complication and sequelae in addition to respiratory symptoms. Controlling the epidemic is only a phased victory, and the complication and sequelae of COVID-19 will need more attention in the post-epidemic era. We collected general information from over 1000 articles published in 2020 after the COVID-19 outbreak and systematically analyzed the complication and sequelae associated with eight major systems in COVID-19 patients caused by ACE2 intervention in the RAS regulatory axis. The autoimmune response induced by 2019-nCoV attacks and damages the normal tissues and organs of the body. Our research will help medical workers worldwide address COVID-19 complication and sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keda Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangfu Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Siming Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wacili Da
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuchuan Xue
- The First Department of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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21
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Kazakou P, Paschou SA, Psaltopoulou T, Gavriatopoulou M, Korompoki E, Stefanaki K, Kanouta F, Kassi GN, Dimopoulos MA, Mitrakou A. Early and late endocrine complications of COVID-19. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:R229-R239. [PMID: 34424853 PMCID: PMC8494407 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine system plays a vital role in controlling human homeostasis. Understanding the possible effects of COVID-19 on endocrine glands is crucial to prevent and manage endocrine disorders before and during hospitalization in COVID-19-infected patients as well as to follow them up properly upon recovery. Many endocrine glands such as pancreas, hypothalamus and pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands, testes, and ovaries have been found to express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, the main binding site of the virus. Since the pandemic outbreak, various publications focus on the aggravation of preexisting endocrine diseases by COVID-19 infection or the adverse prognosis of the disease in endocrine patients. However, data on endocrine disorders both during the phase of the infection (early complications) and upon recovery (late complications) are scarce. The aim of this review is to identify and discuss early and late endocrine complications of COVID-19. The majority of the available data refer to glucose dysregulation and its reciprocal effect on COVID-19 infection with the main interest focusing on the presentation of new onset of diabetes mellitus. Thyroid dysfunction with low triiodothyronine, low thyroid stimulating hormone, or subacute thyroiditis has been reported. Adrenal dysregulation and impaired spermatogenesis in affected men have been also reported. Complications of other endocrine glands are still not clear. Considering the recent onset of COVID-19 infection, the available follow-up data are limited, and therefore, long-term studies are required to evaluate certain effects of COVID-19 on the endocrine glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Kazakou
- Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavroula A Paschou
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Psaltopoulou
- Unit of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gavriatopoulou
- Unit of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Korompoki
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Stefanaki
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Fotini Kanouta
- Department of Endocrinology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia N Kassi
- Department of Endocrinology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
- Unit of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Asimina Mitrakou
- Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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22
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Kazakou P, Paschou SA, Psaltopoulou T, Gavriatopoulou M, Korompoki E, Stefanaki K, Kanouta F, Kassi GN, Dimopoulos MA, Mitrakou A. Early and late endocrine complications of COVID-19. Endocr Connect 2021. [PMID: 34424853 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0184.pmid:34424853;pmcid:pmc8494407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine system plays a vital role in controlling human homeostasis. Understanding the possible effects of COVID-19 on endocrine glands is crucial to prevent and manage endocrine disorders before and during hospitalization in COVID-19-infected patients as well as to follow them up properly upon recovery. Many endocrine glands such as pancreas, hypothalamus and pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands, testes, and ovaries have been found to express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, the main binding site of the virus. Since the pandemic outbreak, various publications focus on the aggravation of preexisting endocrine diseases by COVID-19 infection or the adverse prognosis of the disease in endocrine patients. However, data on endocrine disorders both during the phase of the infection (early complications) and upon recovery (late complications) are scarce. The aim of this review is to identify and discuss early and late endocrine complications of COVID-19. The majority of the available data refer to glucose dysregulation and its reciprocal effect on COVID-19 infection with the main interest focusing on the presentation of new onset of diabetes mellitus. Thyroid dysfunction with low triiodothyronine, low thyroid stimulating hormone, or subacute thyroiditis has been reported. Adrenal dysregulation and impaired spermatogenesis in affected men have been also reported. Complications of other endocrine glands are still not clear. Considering the recent onset of COVID-19 infection, the available follow-up data are limited, and therefore, long-term studies are required to evaluate certain effects of COVID-19 on the endocrine glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Kazakou
- Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavroula A Paschou
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Psaltopoulou
- Unit of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gavriatopoulou
- Unit of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Korompoki
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Stefanaki
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Fotini Kanouta
- Department of Endocrinology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia N Kassi
- Department of Endocrinology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
- Unit of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Asimina Mitrakou
- Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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23
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Haydar M, Baghdadi S, Taleb M, Al-Dali B, Badr H, Ghanem Y. Orchiepididymitis in the context of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in a child with Covid-19 from Syria: a very rare presentation for SARS-Cov-19 in children. Oxf Med Case Reports 2021; 2021:omab052. [PMID: 34306718 PMCID: PMC8297639 DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omab052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still striking the global population affecting all age groups. So far, many clinical features associated with COVID-19 illness remain under-identified, especially atypical manifestations. It is essential to characterize associated rare symptoms to better recognize complications. As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in children (MIS-C) in severe infection manifesting as a generalized inflammatory reaction and immune response in many body systems, potential involvement of the male urogenital tract by SARS-CoV-2 should be considered. Herein, we report a case of a pediatric patient with orchiepididymitis associated with COVID-19 infection, emphasizing the importance of considering other manifestations such as genital involvement of MIS-C in children with COVID-19 and highlighting the need to monitor the genitourinary function after infection. Therefore, andrological consultation is necessary to evaluate fertility as a long-term follow-up, especially as the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on male reproductive function are still to be thoroughly researched.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Haydar
- Pediatrics Resident Physician, Pediatrics and Obstetrics Hospital of Latakia, Latakia, Syria
| | - S Baghdadi
- Pediatrics Resident Physician, Pediatrics and Obstetrics Hospital of Latakia, Latakia, Syria
| | - M Taleb
- Pediatrics Resident Physician, Pediatrics and Obstetrics Hospital of Latakia, Latakia, Syria
| | - B Al-Dali
- pediatrician, Pediatrics and Obstetrics Hospital of Latakia, Province of Latakia, Latakia city,Syria
| | - H Badr
- pediatrician, Pediatrics and Obstetrics Hospital of Latakia, Province of Latakia, Latakia city,Syria
| | - Y Ghanem
- pediatric cardiologist, Pediatrics and Obstetrics Hospital of Latakia, Latakia, Syria
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24
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Clarke SA, Phylactou M, Patel B, Mills EG, Muzi B, Izzi-Engbeaya C, Choudhury S, Khoo B, Meeran K, Comninos AN, Abbara A, Tan T, Dhillo WS. Normal Adrenal and Thyroid Function in Patients Who Survive COVID-19 Infection. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:2208-2220. [PMID: 34008009 PMCID: PMC8194556 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The COVID-19 pandemic continues to exert an immense burden on global health services. Moreover, up to 63% of patients experience persistent symptoms, including fatigue, after acute illness. Endocrine systems are vulnerable to the effects of COVID-19 as many glands express the ACE2 receptor, used by the SARS-CoV-2 virion for cellular access. However, the effects of COVID-19 on adrenal and thyroid gland function after acute COVID-19 remain unknown. OBJECTIVE Our objectives were to evaluate adrenal and thyroid gland function in COVID-19 survivors. METHODS A prospective, observational study was undertaken at the Clinical Research Facility, Imperial College NHS Healthcare Trust, including 70 patients ≥18 years of age, at least 3 months after diagnosis of COVID-19. Participants attended a research study visit (8:00-9:30 am), during which a short Synacthen test (250 µg IV bolus) and thyroid function assessments were performed. RESULTS All patients had a peak cortisol ≥450 nmol/L after Synacthen, consistent with adequate adrenal reserve. Basal and peak serum cortisol did not differ according to disease severity or history of dexamethasone treatment during COVID-19. There was no difference in baseline or peak cortisol after Synacthen or in thyroid function tests, or thyroid status, in patients with fatigue (n = 44) compared to those without (n = 26). CONCLUSION Adrenal and thyroid function ≥3 months after presentation with COVID-19 was preserved. While a significant proportion of patients experienced persistent fatigue, their symptoms were not accounted for by alterations in adrenal or thyroid function. These findings have important implications for the clinical care of patients after COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Clarke
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W6 8RF, UK
| | - Maria Phylactou
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W6 8RF, UK
| | - Bijal Patel
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Edouard G Mills
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Beatrice Muzi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Chioma Izzi-Engbeaya
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W6 8RF, UK
| | - Sirazum Choudhury
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W6 8RF, UK
| | - Bernard Khoo
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Karim Meeran
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W6 8RF, UK
| | - Alexander N Comninos
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W6 8RF, UK
| | - Ali Abbara
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W6 8RF, UK
| | - Tricia Tan
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W6 8RF, UK
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W6 8RF, UK
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25
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Abstract
As SARS-CoV-2 stunned and overtook everyone's lives, multiple daily briefings, protocols, policies and incident command committees were mobilized to provide frontline staff with the tools, supplies and infrastructure needed to address the COVID-19 pandemic. Medical resources were immediately shifted. In light of the necessity for self-isolation, telemedicine was expanded, although there has been concern than non-pandemic disorders were being ignored. Ambulatory care services such as bone densitometry and osteoporosis centered clinics came to a near halt. Progress with fracture prevention has been challenged. Despite the prolonged pandemic and the consequent sense of exhaustion, we must re-engage with chronic bone health concerns and fracture prevention. Creating triaging systems for bone mineral testing and in person visits, treating individuals designated as high risk of fracture using fracture risk assessment tools such as FRAX, maintaining telemedicine, leveraging other bone health care team members to monitor and care for osteoporotic patients, and re-engaging our primary care colleagues will remain paramount but challenging. The pandemic persists. Thus, we will summarize what we have learned about COVID-19 and bone health and provide a framework for osteoporosis diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up with the extended COVID-19 pandemic. The goal is to preserve bone health, with focused interventions to sustain osteoporosis screening and treatment initiation/maintenance rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Narla
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R A Adler
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Section (111P), McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Richmond, VA, 23249, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes Mellitus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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26
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Crafa A, Calogero AE, Cannarella R, Mongioi’ LM, Condorelli RA, Greco EA, Aversa A, La Vignera S. The Burden of Hormonal Disorders: A Worldwide Overview With a Particular Look in Italy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:694325. [PMID: 34220719 PMCID: PMC8242938 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.694325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine diseases have a considerable impact on public health from an epidemiological point of view and because they may cause long-term disability, alteration of the quality-of-life of the affected patients, and are the fifth leading cause of death. In this extensive review of the literature, we have evaluated the prevalence of the different disorders of endocrine interest in the world and Italy, highlighting their epidemiological, clinical, and economic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Crafa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E. Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura M. Mongioi’
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A. Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuela A. Greco
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Aversa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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27
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Iovino L, Thur LA, Gnjatic S, Chapuis A, Milano F, Hill JA. Shared inflammatory pathways and therapeutic strategies in COVID-19 and cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e002392. [PMID: 33986127 PMCID: PMC8126446 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, the syndrome caused by the infection with SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, is characterized, in its severe form, by interstitial diffuse pneumonitis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ARDS and systemic manifestations of COVID-19 are mainly due to an exaggerated immune response triggered by the viral infection. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS), an inflammatory syndrome characterized by elevated levels of circulating cytokines, and endothelial dysfunction are systemic manifestations of COVID-19. CRS is also an adverse event of immunotherapy (IMTX), the treatment of diseases using drugs, cells, and antibodies to stimulate or suppress the immune system. Graft-versus-host disease complications after an allogeneic stem cell transplant, toxicity after the infusion of chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy and monoclonal antibodies can all lead to CRS. It is hypothesized that anti-inflammatory drugs used for treatment of CRS in IMTX may be useful in reducing the mortality in COVID-19, whereas IMTX itself may help in ameliorating effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this paper, we focused on the potential shared mechanisms and differences between COVID-19 and IMTX-related toxicities. We performed a systematic review of the clinical trials testing anti-inflammatory therapies and of the data published from prospective trials. Preliminary evidence suggests there might be a benefit in targeting the cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, especially by inhibiting the interleukin-6 pathway. Many other approaches based on novel drugs and cell therapies are currently under investigation and may lead to a reduction in hospitalization and mortality due to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Iovino
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Laurel A Thur
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aude Chapuis
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Filippo Milano
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joshua A Hill
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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28
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Alfadhli EM. Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism With Severe Hypercalcemia During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Clin Ther 2021; 43:711-719. [PMID: 33752899 PMCID: PMC7976275 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose In patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and severe hypercalcemia, parathyroidectomy remains the only curative therapy. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, when many hospital visits are suspended and surgeries cannot be performed, the management of these patients represents a challenging clinical situation. This article presents a literature review and discussion of the pharmacologic management of PHPT and severe hypercalcemia, which can be used as a temporary measure during the COVID-19 pandemic until parathyroidectomy can be performed safely. Methods This narrative review was conducted by searching literature on the PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases using the terms primary hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia, cinacalcet, bisphosphonates, denosumab, vitamin D, raloxifene, hormone replacement therapy, coronavirus, and COVID-19. Findings Appropriate monitoring and remote medical follow-up of these patients are essential until the resolution of the pandemic. Cinacalcet is the drug of choice for controlling hypercalcemia, whereas bisphosphonate or denosumab is the drug for improving bone mineral density. Combined therapy with cinacalcet and bisphosphonates or cinacalcet and denosumab should be considered when the effects on serum calcium and bone mineral density are simultaneously desired. Implications Medical management of PHPT and severe hypercalcemia presents a reasonable alternative for parathyroid surgery during the COVID-19 outbreak and should be instituted until the pandemic ends and surgery can be performed safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Alfadhli
- Department of Medicine, Medical College, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia.
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Fleseriu M. Pituitary Disorders and COVID-19, Reimagining Care: The Pandemic A Year and Counting. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:656025. [PMID: 33776943 PMCID: PMC7996050 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.656025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fleseriu
- Pituitary Center, and Departments of Medicine (Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition), and Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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30
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Sheikh AB, Javaid MA, Sheikh AAE, Shekhar R. Central adrenal insufficiency and diabetes insipidus as potential endocrine manifestations of COVID-19 infection: a case report. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 38:222. [PMID: 34046127 PMCID: PMC8140727 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.222.28243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection, responsible for the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread, causing a global pandemic. COVID-19 can affect any organ system in the body due to overwhelming dysregulated immune response and long-term effects of the disease is still unknown. Endocrine complications associated with COVID-19 is exceedingly rare. Here we present a unique case of a 44-year-old female who developed adrenal insufficiency and central diabetes insipidus following COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Baker Sheikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico (NM), USA
| | | | - Abdul Ahad Ehsan Sheikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, Pennsylvania (PA), USA
| | - Rahul Shekhar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico (NM), USA
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Malinowska B, Baranowska-Kuczko M, Kicman A, Schlicker E. Opportunities, Challenges and Pitfalls of Using Cannabidiol as an Adjuvant Drug in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1986. [PMID: 33671463 PMCID: PMC7922403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may lead to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which, in turn, may be associated with multiple organ dysfunction. In this review, we present advantages and disadvantages of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating phytocannabinoid from the cannabis plant, as a potential agent for the treatment of COVID-19. CBD has been shown to downregulate proteins responsible for viral entry and to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication. Preclinical studies have demonstrated its effectiveness against diseases of the respiratory system as well as its cardioprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and anti-convulsant properties, that is, effects that may be beneficial for COVID-19. Only the latter two properties have been demonstrated in clinical studies, which also revealed anxiolytic and antinociceptive effects of CBD (given alone or together with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol), which may be important for an adjuvant treatment to improve the quality of life in patients with COVID-19 and to limit post-traumatic stress symptoms. However, one should be aware of side effects of CBD (which are rarely serious), drug interactions (also extending to drugs acting against COVID-19) and the proper route of its administration (vaping may be dangerous). Clearly, further clinical studies are necessary to prove the suitability of CBD for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Malinowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (M.B.-K.); (A.K.)
| | - Marta Baranowska-Kuczko
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (M.B.-K.); (A.K.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kicman
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (M.B.-K.); (A.K.)
| | - Eberhard Schlicker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Edwards K, Hussain I. Two Cases of Severe Autoimmune Thyrotoxicosis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2021; 9:23247096211056497. [PMID: 34844465 PMCID: PMC8640318 DOI: 10.1177/23247096211056497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been multiple reports of related thyroid dysfunction, most commonly, thyroiditis. The exact mechanism for this has not been elucidated, but it is known that thyroid gland cells have both angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) receptors, which the SARS-CoV-2 virus uses to enter cells. While SARS-CoV-2 has also been shown to precipitate other autoimmune diseases, there are only a few reported cases of new onset Graves' disease in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We report 2 patients who presented with severe thyrotoxicosis (thyroid storm and impending storm) that was likely precipitated by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Both patients had no previous history of hyperthyroidism, and potentially also developed Graves' disease after getting COVID-19. The addition of these cases to the medical literature will further highlight the fact that SARS-CoV-2 infection should be considered a causative agent for thyrotoxicosis when no other cause can be found, and that SARS-CoV-2 may be a potential trigger for autoimmune thyroid disease. It is important to know the SARS-CoV-2 status of such patients for infection control purposes, and to identify patients who may have their hospital course complicated by this disease. These cases may also help further our understanding of the etiology of autoimmune thyroid disease following a viral infection.
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Elbarbary NS, dos Santos TJ, de Beaufort C, Wiltshire E, Pulungan A, Scaramuzza AE. The Challenges of Managing Pediatric Diabetes and Other Endocrine Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results From an International Cross-Sectional Electronic Survey. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:735554. [PMID: 34803908 PMCID: PMC8602836 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.735554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequency, dimensions, management, and outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic in children with endocrine disorders and diabetes were assessed. METHODS A cross-sectional electronic survey was distributed to the global network of endocrine societies. Respondents' professional and practice profiles, clinic sizes, their country of practice, and the impact of COVID-19 on endocrine diseases were investigated. RESULTS Respondents from 131 pediatric endocrine centers in 51 countries across all continents completed the survey. Routine check-ups and education were altered in most pediatric endocrine clinics. Over 20% of clinics experienced a shortage of critical medications or essential supplies. ICU treatment was required for patients with diabetes and COVID-19 in 21.2% of centers. In diabetes, 44% of respondents reported increased diabetic ketoacidosis episodes in newly diagnosed cases and 30% in established cases. Biopsychosocial and behavioral changes were explicitly reported to be occurring among pediatric patients with endocrine disorders. CONCLUSIONS This large global survey conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic highlights that diabetes is more challenging to manage than any other pediatric endocrine disorder, with an increased risk of morbidity. Psychological distress due to COVID-19 needs to be recognized and addressed. The importance of close contact with healthcare professionals should be emphasized, and medical supplies should be readily available to all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Samir Elbarbary
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tiago Jeronimo dos Santos
- Instituto Hispalense de Pediatría, Vithas Almería, Almería, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carine de Beaufort
- Diabetes & Endocrine Care Clinique Pédiatrique (DECCP), Clinique Pédiatrique/Centre Hospitalier (CH) de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department Pediatric Endocrinology, Free University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Esko Wiltshire
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Department of Child Health, Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Aman Pulungan
- Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Andrea Enzo Scaramuzza
- Diabetes and Endocrinology & Nutrition, Division of Pediatrics, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Cremona, “Ospedale Maggiore di Cremona”, Cremona, Italy
- *Correspondence: Andrea Enzo Scaramuzza,
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Ilias I, Diamantopoulos A, Botoula E, Athanasiou N, Zacharis A, Tsipilis S, Jahaj E, Vassiliou AG, Vassiliadi DA, Kotanidou A, Tsagarakis S, Dimopoulou I. Covid-19 and Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1: Study in Critically and Non-Critically Ill Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:644055. [PMID: 34220703 PMCID: PMC8242942 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.644055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to measure insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and growth hormone (GH) in critically and non-critically ill patients with Covid-19 and assess them vis-a-vis clinical and laboratory parameters and prognostic tools. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We included patients who were admitted to the wards or the ICU of the largest Covid-19 referral hospital in Greece; patients with non-Covid-19 pneumonia served as controls. Apart from the routine laboratory work-up for Covid-19 we measured GH and IGF1 (and calculated normalized IGF-1 values as standard deviation scores; SDS), after blood sampling upon admission to the wards or the ICU. RESULTS We studied 209 critically and non-critically ill patients with Covid-19 and 39 control patients. Patients with Covid-19 who were ICU non-survivors were older and presented with a worse hematological/biochemical profile (including white blood cell count, troponin, glucose, aminotransferases and lactate dehydrogenase) compared to ICU survivors or Covid-19 survivors in the wards. Overall, IGF-1 SDS was higher in Covid-19 survivors compared to non-survivors (-0.96 ± 1.89 vs -2.05 ± 2.48, respectively, p=0.030). No significant differences were noted in GH between the groups. Nevertheless, in critically ill patients with Covid-19, the prognostic value of IGF-1 (raw data), IGF-1 (SDS) and GH for survival/non-survival was on a par with that of APACHE II and SOFA (with a marginal difference between GH and SOFA). CONCLUSION In conclusion, our findings suggest that there might be an association between low IGF1 (and possibly GH) and poor outcome in patients with Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Ilias
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Elena Venizelou Hospital, Athens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Ioannis Ilias,
| | | | - Efthymia Botoula
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Evagelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Athanasiou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Medical School of National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evagelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Zacharis
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Medical School of National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evagelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Edison Jahaj
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Medical School of National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evagelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alice G. Vassiliou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Medical School of National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evagelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra A. Vassiliadi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Evagelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Medical School of National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evagelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stylianos Tsagarakis
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Evagelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Dimopoulou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Medical School of National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evagelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Inaba H, Aizawa T. Coronavirus Disease 2019 and the Thyroid - Progress and Perspectives. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:708333. [PMID: 34276567 PMCID: PMC8279745 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.708333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) is currently a tremendous global health problem. COVID-19 causes considerable damage to a wide range of vital organs most prominently the respiratory system. Recently, clinical evidence for thyroidal insults during and after COVID-19 has been accumulated. As of today, almost all non-neoplastic thyroid diseases, i.e., Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, subacute, painless and postpartum thyroiditis, have been reported as a complication of COVID-19, and causality by the virus has been strongly implicated in all of them. Similar thyroid problems have been reported in the past with the SARS-CoV outbreak in 2002. In this review, we briefly look back at the reported evidence of alteration in thyroid functionality and thyroid diseases associated with SARS-CoV and then proceed to examine the issue with COVID-19 in detail, which is then followed by an in-depth discussion regarding a pathogenetic link between Coronavirus infection and thyroid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Inaba
- The First Department of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hidefumi Inaba,
| | - Toru Aizawa
- Diabetes Center, Aizawa Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
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