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Jung YS, Kim YH, Radhakrishnan K, Kim J, Lee IK, Cho SJ, Kim DK, Dooley S, Lee CH, Choi HS. Orphan nuclear receptor ERRγ regulates hepatic TGF-β2 expression and fibrogenic response in CCl4-induced acute liver injury. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3071-3084. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s00204-021-03112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
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2
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Ranea-Robles P, Galino J, Espinosa L, Schlüter A, Ruiz M, Calingasan NY, Villarroya F, Naudí A, Pamplona R, Ferrer I, Beal MF, Portero-Otín M, Fourcade S, Pujol A. Modulation of mitochondrial and inflammatory homeostasis through RIP140 is neuroprotective in an adrenoleukodystrophy mouse model. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 48:e12747. [PMID: 34237158 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation are at the core of axonal degeneration in several multifactorial neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. The transcriptional coregulator RIP140/NRIP1 (receptor-interacting protein 140) modulates these functions in liver and adipose tissue, but its role in the nervous system remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the impact of RIP140 in the Abcd1- mouse model of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), a genetic model of chronic axonopathy involving the convergence of redox imbalance, bioenergetic failure, and chronic inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS We provide evidence that RIP140 is modulated through a redox-dependent mechanism driven by very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), the levels of which are increased in X-ALD. Genetic inactivation of RIP140 prevented mitochondrial depletion and dysfunction, bioenergetic failure, inflammatory dysregulation, axonal degeneration and associated locomotor disabilities in vivo in X-ALD mouse models. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings show that aberrant overactivation of RIP140 promotes neurodegeneration in X-ALD, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic target for X-ALD and other neurodegenerative disorders that present with metabolic and inflammatory dyshomeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ranea-Robles
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER U759, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jorge Galino
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER U759, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Espinosa
- Institut Municipal d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agatha Schlüter
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER U759, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Ruiz
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER U759, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noel Ylagan Calingasan
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine and Institut de Biomedicina, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, CIBER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Naudí
- Experimental Medicine Department, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Experimental Medicine Department, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Flint Beal
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Manuel Portero-Otín
- Experimental Medicine Department, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Stéphane Fourcade
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER U759, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER U759, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Orphan nuclear receptor ERRγ regulates hepatic TGF-β2 expression and fibrogenic response in CCl 4-induced acute liver injury. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3071-3084. [PMID: 34191077 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute liver injury results from the complex interactions of various pathological processes. The TGF-β superfamily plays a crucial role in orchestrating fibrogenic response. In contrast to TGF-β1, a role of TGF-β2 in hepatic fibrogenic response has not been fully investigated. In this study, we showed that TGF-β2 gene expression and secretion are induced in the liver of CCl4 (1 ml/kg)-treated WT mice. Studies with hepatocyte specific ERRγ knockout mice or treatment with an ERRγ-specific inverse agonist, GSK5182 (40 mg/kg), indicated that CCl4-induced hepatic TGF-β2 production is ERRγ dependent. Moreover, IL6 was found as upstream signal to induce hepatic ERRγ and TGF-β2 gene expression in CCl4-mediated acute toxicity model. Over-expression of ERRγ was sufficient to induce hepatic TGF-β2 expression, whereas ERRγ depletion markedly reduces IL6-induced TGF-β2 gene expression and secretion in vitro and in vivo. Promoter assays showed that ERRγ directly binds to an ERR response element in the TGF-β2 promoter to induce TGF-β2 transcription. Finally, GSK5182 diminished CCl4-induced fibrogenic response through inhibition of ERRγ-mediated TGF-β2 production. Taken together, these results firstly demonstrate that ERRγ can regulate the TGF-β2-mediated fibrogenic response in a mouse model of CC14-induced acute liver injury.
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Multi-species transcriptome meta-analysis of the response to retinoic acid in vertebrates and comparative analysis of the effects of retinol and retinoic acid on gene expression in LMH cells. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:146. [PMID: 33653267 PMCID: PMC7923837 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retinol (RO) and its active metabolite retinoic acid (RA) are major regulators of gene expression in vertebrates and influence various processes like organ development, cell differentiation, and immune response. To characterize a general transcriptomic response to RA-exposure in vertebrates, independent of species- and tissue-specific effects, four publicly available RNA-Seq datasets from Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, and Xenopus laevis were analyzed. To increase species and cell-type diversity we generated RNA-seq data with chicken hepatocellular carcinoma (LMH) cells. Additionally, we compared the response of LMH cells to RA and RO at different time points. Results By conducting a transcriptome meta-analysis, we identified three retinoic acid response core clusters (RARCCs) consisting of 27 interacting proteins, seven of which have not been associated with retinoids yet. Comparison of the transcriptional response of LMH cells to RO and RA exposure at different time points led to the identification of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are only differentially expressed (DE) during the early response. Conclusions We propose that these RARCCs stand on top of a common regulatory RA hierarchy among vertebrates. Based on the protein sets included in these clusters we were able to identify an RA-response cluster, a control center type cluster, and a cluster that directs cell proliferation. Concerning the comparison of the cellular response to RA and RO we conclude that ncRNAs play an underestimated role in retinoid-mediated gene regulation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07451-2.
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Buñay J, Fouache A, Trousson A, de Joussineau C, Bouchareb E, Zhu Z, Kocer A, Morel L, Baron S, Lobaccaro JMA. Screening for liver X receptor modulators: Where are we and for what use? Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:3277-3293. [PMID: 33080050 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that are canonically activated by oxidized derivatives of cholesterol. Since the mid-90s, numerous groups have identified LXRs as endocrine receptors that are involved in the regulation of various physiological functions. As a result, when their expression is genetically modified in mice, phenotypic analyses reveal endocrine disorders ranging from infertility to diabetes and obesity, nervous system pathologies such Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease, immunological disturbances, inflammatory response, and enhancement of tumour development. Based on such findings, it appears that LXRs could constitute good pharmacological targets to prevent and/or to treat these diseases. This review discusses the various aspects of LXR drug discovery, from the tools available for the screening of potential LXR modulators to the current situational analysis of the drugs in development. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Oxysterols, Lifelong Health and Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.16/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Buñay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Allan Fouache
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amalia Trousson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cyrille de Joussineau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Erwan Bouchareb
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Zhekun Zhu
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ayhan Kocer
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Morel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Silvere Baron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Zhao M, Zhao H, Lin L, Wang Y, Chen M, Wu B. Nuclear receptor co-repressor RIP140 regulates diurnal expression of cytochrome P450 2b10 in mouse liver. Xenobiotica 2020; 50:1139-1148. [PMID: 32238093 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1751342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanisms for circadian expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes is essential for a better understanding of dosing time-dependent drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. CYP2B6 (Cyp2b10 in mice) is an important enzyme responsible for metabolism and detoxification of approximately 10% of drugs. Here, we aimed to investigate a potential role of nuclear receptor co-repressor RIP140 in circadian regulation of Cyp2b10 in mice.We first uncovered diurnal rhythmicity in hepatic RIP140 mRNA and protein with peak values at ZT10 (ZT, zeitgeber time). RIP140 ablation up-regulated Cyp2b10 expression and blunted its rhythm in mice and in AML-12 cells. Consistent with a negative regulatory effect, overexpression of RIP140 inhibited Cyp2b10 promoter activity and reduced cellular Cyp2b10 expression.Furthermore, RIP140 suppressed Car- and Pxr-mediated transactivation of Cyp2b10, and the suppressive effects were attenuated when the RIP140 gene was silenced. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that recruitment of RIP140 protein to the Cyp2b10 promoter was circadian time-dependent in wild-type mice. More extensive recruitment was observed at ZT10 than at ZT2 consistent with the rhythmic pattern of RIP140 protein. However, the time-dependency of RIP140 recruitment was lost in RIP140-/- mice.Additionally, we identified a D-box and a RORE cis-element in RIP140 promoter. D-box- and RORE-acting clock components such as Dbp, E4bp4, Rev-erbα/β and Rorα transcriptionally regulated RIP140, potentially accounting for its rhythmic expression.In conclusion, RIP140 regulates diurnal expression of Cyp2b10 in mouse liver through periodical repression of Car- and Pxr-mediated transactivation. This co-regulator-driven mechanism represents a novel source of diurnal rhythmicity in drug-metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Zhao
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luomin Lin
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Menglin Chen
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Lasch A, Alarcan J, Lampen A, Braeuning A, Lichtenstein D. Combinations of LXR and RXR agonists induce triglyceride accumulation in human HepaRG cells in a synergistic manner. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1303-1320. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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8
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Jung YS, Kim YH, Radhakrishnan K, kim J, Kim DK, Lee JH, Oh H, Lee IK, Kim W, Cho SJ, Choi CS, Dooley S, Egan JM, Lee CH, Choi HS. An inverse agonist of estrogen-related receptor γ regulates 2-arachidonoylglycerol synthesis by modulating diacylglycerol lipase expression in alcohol-intoxicated mice. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:427-438. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s00204-019-02648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
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9
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An inverse agonist of estrogen-related receptor γ regulates 2-arachidonoylglycerol synthesis by modulating diacylglycerol lipase expression in alcohol-intoxicated mice. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:427-438. [PMID: 31912162 PMCID: PMC10131092 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol feeding increases the levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the liver, which activates hepatic cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R), leading to oxidative liver injury. 2-AG biosynthesis is catalyzed by diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL). However, the mechanisms regulating hepatic DAGL gene expression and 2-AG production are largely unknown. In this study, we show that CB1R-induced estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) controls hepatic DAGL gene expression and 2-AG levels. Arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA), a synthetic CB1R agonist, significantly upregulated ERRγ, DAGLα, and DAGLβ, and increased 2-AG levels in the liver (10 mg/kg) and hepatocytes (10 μM) of wild-type (WT) mice. ERRγ overexpression upregulated DAGLα and DAGLβ expressions and increased 2-AG levels, whereas ERRγ knockdown abolished ACEA-induced DAGLα, DAGLβ, and 2-AG in vitro and in vivo. Promoter assays showed that ERRγ positively regulated DAGLα and DAGLβ transcription by binding to the ERR response element in the DAGLα and DAGLβ promoters. Chronic alcohol feeding (27.5% of total calories) induced hepatic steatosis and upregulated ERRγ, leading to increased DAGLα, DAGLβ, or 2-AG in WT mice, whereas these alcohol-induced effects did not occur in hepatocyte-specific CB1R knockout mice or in those treated with the ERRγ inverse agonist GSK5182 (40 mg/kg in mice and 10 μM in vitro). Taken together, these results indicate that suppression of alcohol-induced DAGLα and DAGLβ gene expressions and 2-AG levels by an ERRγ-specific inverse agonist may be a novel and attractive therapeutic approach for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease.
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10
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Chang RC, Thomas KN, Bedi YS, Golding MC. Programmed increases in LXRα induced by paternal alcohol use enhance offspring metabolic adaptation to high-fat diet induced obesity. Mol Metab 2019; 30:161-172. [PMID: 31767168 PMCID: PMC6807343 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Paternally inherited alterations in epigenetic programming are emerging as relevant factors in numerous disease states, including the growth and metabolic defects observed in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. In rodents, chronic paternal alcohol use induces fetal growth restriction, as well as sex-specific alterations in insulin signaling and lipid homeostasis in the offspring. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that the observed metabolic irregularities are the consequence of paternally inherited alterations liver x receptor (LXR) activity. Methods Male offspring of alcohol-exposed sires were challenged with a high-fat diet and the molecular pathways controlling glucose and lipid homeostasis assayed for LXR-induced alterations. Results Similar to findings in studies employing LXR agonists we found that the male offspring of alcohol-exposed sires display resistance to diet-induced obesity and improved glucose homeostasis when challenged with a high-fat diet. This improved metabolic adaptation is mediated by LXRα trans-repression of inflammatory cytokines, releasing IKKβ inhibition of the insulin signaling pathway. Interestingly, paternally programmed increases in LXRα expression are liver-specific and do not manifest in the pancreas or visceral fat. Conclusions These studies identify LXRα as a key mediator of the long-term metabolic alterations induced by preconception paternal alcohol use. Chronic paternal alcohol use induces up-regulation of LXRα in the male offspring. Male offspring of alcohol-exposed fathers are protected from diet-induced obesity. Paternally-inherited up-regulation of LXRα only manifests in the liver. Improved metabolic adaptation is linked to LXRα suppression of cytokine production. Male offspring exhibit the same phenotypes observed in studies of LXR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Chang
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Kara N Thomas
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yudhishtar S Bedi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Michael C Golding
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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11
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Liang N, Jakobsson T, Fan R, Treuter E. The Nuclear Receptor-Co-repressor Complex in Control of Liver Metabolism and Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:411. [PMID: 31293521 PMCID: PMC6606711 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes are the major cell-type in the liver responsible for the coordination of metabolism in response to multiple signaling inputs. Coordination occurs primarily at the level of gene expression via transcriptional networks composed of transcription factors, in particular nuclear receptors (NRs), and associated co-regulators, including chromatin-modifying complexes. Disturbance of these networks by genetic, environmental or nutritional factors can lead to metabolic dysregulation and has been linked to the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) toward steatohepatitis and even liver cancer. Since there are currently no approved therapies, major efforts are dedicated to identify the critical factors that can be employed for drug development. Amongst the identified factors with clinical significance are currently lipid-sensing NRs including PPARs, LXRs, and FXR. However, major obstacles of NR-targeting are the undesired side effects associated with the genome-wide NR activities in multiple cell-types. Thus, of particular interest are co-regulators that determine NR activities, context-selectivity, and associated chromatin states. Current research on the role of co-regulators in hepatocytes is still premature due to the large number of candidates, the limited number of available mouse models, and the technical challenges in studying their chromatin occupancy. As a result, how NR-co-regulator networks in hepatocytes are coordinated by extracellular signals, and how NR-pathway selectivity is achieved, remains currently poorly understood. We will here review a notable exception, namely a fundamental transcriptional co-repressor complex that during the past decade has become the probably most-studied and best-understood physiological relevant co-regulator in hepatocytes. This multiprotein complex contains the core subunits HDAC3, NCOR, SMRT, TBL1, TBLR1, and GPS2 and is referred to as the "NR-co-repressor complex." We will particularly discuss recent advances in characterizing hepatocyte-specific loss-of-function mouse models and in applying genome-wide sequencing approaches including ChIP-seq. Both have been instrumental to uncover the role of each of the subunits under physiological conditions and in disease models, but they also revealed insights into the NR target range and genomic mechanisms of action of the co-repressor complex. We will integrate a discussion of translational aspects about the role of the complex in NAFLD pathways and in particular about the hypothesis that patient-specific alterations of specific subunits may determine NAFLD susceptibility and the therapeutic outcomes of NR-directed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liang
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jakobsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rongrong Fan
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Eckardt Treuter
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Eckardt Treuter
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12
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Nahon JE, Groeneveldt C, Geerling JJ, van Eck M, Hoekstra M. Inhibition of protein arginine methyltransferase 3 activity selectively impairs liver X receptor-driven transcription of hepatic lipogenic genes in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3175-3183. [PMID: 29774529 PMCID: PMC6031883 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Agonists for the liver X receptor (LXR) are considered promising therapeutic moieties in cholesterol-driven diseases by promoting cellular cholesterol efflux pathways. However, current clinical application of these agents is hampered by concomitant LXR-induced activation of a lipogenic transcriptional network, leading to hepatic steatosis. Recent studies have suggested that protein arginine methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3) may act as a selective co-activator of LXR activity. Here, we verified the hypothesis that PRMT3 inhibition selectively disrupts the ability of LXR to stimulate lipogenesis while maintaining its capacity to modulate macrophage cholesterol homeostasis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A combination of the LXR agonist T0901317 and palm oil was administered to C57BL/6 mice to maximally stimulate LXR and PRMT3 activity. PRMT3 activity was inhibited using the allosteric inhibitor SGC707. KEY RESULTS Treatment with SGC707 did not negatively influence the T0901317/palm oil-induced up-regulation of the cholesterol efflux ATP-binding cassette transporter genes, ABCA1 and ABCG1, in peritoneal cells. In contrast, SGC707 treatment was associated with a significant decrease in the hepatic expression of the lipogenic gene fatty acid synthase (-64%). A similar trend was observed for stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase and acetyl CoA carboxylase expression (-43%; -56%). This obstruction of lipogenic gene transcription coincided with a significant 2.3-fold decrease in liver triglyceride content as compared with the T0901317 and palm oil-treated control group. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We showed that inhibition of PRMT3 activity by SGC707 treatment selectively impairs LXR-driven transcription of hepatic lipogenic genes, while the positive effect of LXR stimulation on macrophage cholesterol efflux pathways is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joya E Nahon
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christianne Groeneveldt
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Janine J Geerling
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda van Eck
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Menno Hoekstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands
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13
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El-Gendy BEDM, Goher SS, Hegazy LS, Arief MMH, Burris TP. Recent Advances in the Medicinal Chemistry of Liver X Receptors. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10935-10956. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahaa El-Dien M. El-Gendy
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa S. Goher
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Lamees S. Hegazy
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Mohamed M. H. Arief
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Thomas P. Burris
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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14
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Luan C, Chen X, Hu Y, Hao Z, Osland JM, Chen X, Gerber SD, Chen M, Gu H, Yuan R. Overexpression and potential roles of NRIP1 in psoriasis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:74236-74246. [PMID: 27708240 PMCID: PMC5342049 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor interacting protein 1 (NRIP1, also known as RIP140) is a co-regulator for various transcriptional factors and nuclear receptors, and has been shown to take part in many biological and pathological processes, such as regulating mammary gland development and inflammatory response. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of NRIP1 and to explore its roles in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Thirty active psoriasis patients and 16 healthy volunteers were enrolled for this study. qRT-PCR analyses found that both NRIP1 and RelA/p65 were elevated in psoriatic lesions compared to psoriatic non-lesions and normal controls, and also overexpressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) of psoriasis patients. Suppression of NRIP1 in HaCaT cells could significantly inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis, and the suppression of NRIP1 in CD4+ T cells isolated from psoriasis patients could downregulate the expression of RelA/p65 and decrease the secretion of IL-17. Furthermore, in Nrip1 knockout mice, IMQ-induced inflammation of skin was delayed and the RelA/p65 expression in lesions was reduced. In conclusion, our data suggests that NRIP1 is overexpressed both in skin and PBMCs of psoriasis patients and may be involved in the abnormal proliferation and apoptosis of keratinocytes, as well as the immune reaction through the regulation of RelA/p65. Therefore, NRIP1 may be a potential therapeutic target for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Luan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Xu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhimin Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jared M Osland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Xundi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Skyler D Gerber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Yuan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
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15
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Bird RP. The Emerging Role of Vitamin B6 in Inflammation and Carcinogenesis. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2018; 83:151-194. [PMID: 29477221 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin B6 serves as a coenzyme catalyzing more than 150 enzymes regulating metabolism and synthesis of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, heme, and important bioactive metabolites. For several years vitamin B6 and its vitamers (B6) were recognized as antioxidant and antiinflammatory and in modulating immunity and gene expression. During the last 10 years, there were growing reports implicating B6 in inflammation and inflammation-related chronic illnesses including cancer. It is unclear if the deficiency of B6 or additional intake of B6, above the current requirement, should be the focus. Whether the current recommended daily intake for B6 is adequate should be revisited, since B6 is important to human health beyond its role as a coenzyme and its status is affected by many factors including but not limited to age, obesity, and inflammation associated with chronic illnesses. A link between inflammation B6 status and carcinogenesis is not yet completely understood. B6-mediated synthesis of H2S, a gasotransmitter, and taurine in health and disease, especially in maintaining mitochondrial integrity and biogenesis and inflammation, remains an important area to be explored. Recent developments in the molecular role of B6 and its direct interaction with inflammasomes, and nuclear receptor corepressor and coactivator, receptor-interacting protein 140, provide a strong impetus to further explore the multifaceted role of B6 in carcinogenesis and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana P Bird
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada.
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16
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Kim D, Ryu J, Son M, Oh J, Chung K, Lee S, Lee J, Ahn J, Min J, Ahn J, Kang HM, Kim J, Jung C, Kim N, Cho H. A liver-specific gene expression panel predicts the differentiation status of in vitro hepatocyte models. Hepatology 2017; 66. [PMID: 28640507 PMCID: PMC5698781 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Alternative cell sources, such as three-dimensional organoids and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cells, might provide a potentially effective approach for both drug development applications and clinical transplantation. For example, the development of cell sources for liver cell-based therapy has been increasingly needed, and liver transplantation is performed for the treatment for patients with severe end-stage liver disease. Differentiated liver cells and three-dimensional organoids are expected to provide new cell sources for tissue models and revolutionary clinical therapies. However, conventional experimental methods confirming the expression levels of liver-specific lineage markers cannot provide complete information regarding the differentiation status or degree of similarity between liver and differentiated cell sources. Therefore, in this study, to overcome several issues associated with the assessment of differentiated liver cells and organoids, we developed a liver-specific gene expression panel (LiGEP) algorithm that presents the degree of liver similarity as a "percentage." We demonstrated that the percentage calculated using the LiGEP algorithm was correlated with the developmental stages of in vivo liver tissues in mice, suggesting that LiGEP can correctly predict developmental stages. Moreover, three-dimensional cultured HepaRG cells and human pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells showed liver similarity scores of 59.14% and 32%, respectively, although general liver-specific markers were detected. CONCLUSION Our study describes a quantitative and predictive model for differentiated samples, particularly liver-specific cells or organoids; and this model can be further expanded to various tissue-specific organoids; our LiGEP can provide useful information and insights regarding the differentiation status of in vitro liver models. (Hepatology 2017;66:1662-1674).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae‐Soo Kim
- Genome Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea,Department of Functional GenomicsKorea University of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jea‐Woon Ryu
- Genome Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Mi‐Young Son
- Department of Functional GenomicsKorea University of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea,Stem Cell Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jung‐Hwa Oh
- Korea Institute of ToxicologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐Sook Chung
- Genome Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea,Department of Functional GenomicsKorea University of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Sugi Lee
- Genome Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea,Department of Functional GenomicsKorea University of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jeong‐Ju Lee
- Genome Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jun‐Ho Ahn
- Genome Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Ju‐Sik Min
- Genome Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Ahn
- Genome Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyun Mi Kang
- Stem Cell Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Janghwan Kim
- Department of Functional GenomicsKorea University of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea,Stem Cell Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Cho‐Rok Jung
- Department of Functional GenomicsKorea University of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea,Stem Cell Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Nam‐Soon Kim
- Genome Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea,Department of Functional GenomicsKorea University of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyun‐Soo Cho
- Genome Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea,Department of Functional GenomicsKorea University of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
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17
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Zhang Y, Kim DK, Lu Y, Jung YS, Lee JM, Kim YH, Lee YS, Kim J, Dewidar B, Jeong WIL, Lee IK, Cho SJ, Dooley S, Lee CH, Li X, Choi HS. Orphan nuclear receptor ERRγ is a key regulator of human fibrinogen gene expression. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182141. [PMID: 28750085 PMCID: PMC5531639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen, 1 of 13 coagulation factors responsible for normal blood clotting, is synthesized by hepatocytes. Detailed roles of the orphan nuclear receptors regulating fibrinogen gene expression have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we identified estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) as a novel transcriptional regulator of human fibrinogen gene expression. Overexpression of ERRγ specially increased fibrinogen expression in human hepatoma cell line. Cannabinoid receptor types 1(CB1R) agonist arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA) up-regulated transcription of fibrinogen via induction of ERRγ, whereas knockdown of ERRγ attenuated fibrinogen expression. Deletion analyses of the fibrinogen γ (FGG) gene promoter and ChIP assays revealed binding sites of ERRγ on human fibrinogen γ gene promoter. Moreover, overexpression of ERRγ was sufficient to increase fibrinogen gene expression, whereas treatment with GSK5182, a selective inverse agonist of ERRγ led to its attenuation in cell culture. Finally, fibrinogen and ERRγ gene expression were elevated in liver tissue of obese patients suggesting a conservation of this mechanism. Overall, this study elucidates a molecular mechanism linking CB1R signaling, ERRγ expression and fibrinogen gene transcription. GSK5182 may have therapeutic potential to treat hyperfibrinogenemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochen Zhang
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-min Lee
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Lee
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bedair Dewidar
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Won-IL Jeong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Korea
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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18
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Zou R, Xue J, Huang Q, Dai Z, Xu Y. Involvement of receptor-interacting protein 140 in palmitate-stimulated macrophage infiltration of pancreatic beta cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:483-494. [PMID: 28672957 PMCID: PMC5488400 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) in macrophages stimulates the nuclear factor-κB subunit RelA to activate tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 transcription. However, under lipotoxic conditions, the involvement of RIP140 in the infiltration of beta cells by macrophages remains unknown. In the present study, murine RAW264.7 macrophages were transfected with a RIP140 overexpression plasmid or siRNA prior to macrophage activation with 500 µM palmitate. Palmitate-free conditioned media was then collected and added to murine insulinoma MIN6 cells. Significant decreases were observed in cell viability (P<0.01), glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (P<0.01) and levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (P<0.05), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and proliferating cell nuclear antigen mRNA (P<0.01) in MIN6 cells. In addition, conditioned media from palmitate-treated and RIP140-upregulated macrophages significantly increased the levels of uncoupling protein-2 (P<0.01), inducible nitric oxide synthase 1 (P<0.01) and pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (P<0.05) mRNA and levels of activated Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) (P<0.01) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 (P<0.01). In turn, the conditioned media was found to be significantly enriched in TNF-α and IL-6 (both P<0.05). These results were the opposite of those obtained from MIN6 cells treated with conditioned media from palmitate-treated and RIP140-knockdown macrophages. MIN6 cells were transfected with RIP140 overexpression plasmid or siRNA prior to treatment with 500 µM palmitate and supernatant was collected for use in macrophage chemotaxis assays. In the palmitate-activated and RIP140-overexpressing MIN6 cells, TNF-α and IL-6 secretion increased significantly (both P<0.05) and macrophage chemotaxis towards MIN6 cells was enhanced. By contrast, downregulating RIP140 in MIN6 cells had the opposite effect. These data suggest that RIP140 in macrophages mediates the transcription of inflammatory cytokines when concentration of palmitate is high. Macrophage RIP140 may also impair beta cell function by activating the JNK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways and promoting specific gene transcription. Furthermore, expression of RIP140 in pancreatic beta cells may stimulate macrophage chemotaxis, thus triggering local low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runmei Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China.,Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Junli Xue
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yancheng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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19
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You J, Yue Z, Chen S, Chen Y, Lu X, Zhang X, Shen P, Li J, Han Q, Li Z, Liu P. Receptor-interacting Protein 140 represses Sirtuin 3 to facilitate hypertrophy, mitochondrial dysfunction and energy metabolic dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 220:58-71. [PMID: 27614093 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM The transcriptional cofactor receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is known as a deleterious regulator of cardiac mitochondrial function and energy metabolic homeostasis. This study revealed that RIP140 repressed Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial deacetylase that plays an important role in regulating cardiac function. METHODS RIP140 was overexpressed by adenovirus infection or was knocked down by RNA interference in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. RESULTS RIP140 overexpression repressed, while RIP140 silencing elevated the expression and activity of SIRT3. Ad-RIP140 enhanced the expressions of the cardiac hypertrophic markers and increased cardiomyocyte surface area, whereas SIRT3 overexpression prevented the effect of Ad-RIP140. Additionally, SIRT3 overexpression reversed Ad-RIP140-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and energy metabolic dysfunction, such as increase in oxidative stress, decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production, as well as downregulation of mitochondrial DNA-encoded genes and genes related to mitochondrial genome replication and transcription, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation. In contrast, SIRT3 silencing exacerbated RIP140-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, the repression of SIRT3 by RIP140 was dependent on estrogen-related receptor-α (ERRα). The involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) was ruled out of SIRT3 suppression by RIP140. RIP140 and PGC-1α might act as functional antagonists on the regulation of SIRT3. CONCLUSION This study indicates that suppression of SIRT3 by RIP140 facilitates the development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, mitochondrial dysfunction and energy metabolic dysfunction. Strategies targeting inhibition of RIP140 and upregulation of SIRT3 might improve cardiac energy metabolism and suggest therapeutic potential for heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. You
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Z. Yue
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - S. Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Y. Chen
- Department of Pharmacy; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - X. Lu
- School of Nursing; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - X. Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
- School of Medicine; Xizang Minzu University; Xianyang ShaanXi China
| | - P. Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - J. Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Q. Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery; Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital; Guangzhou China
| | - Z. Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - P. Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
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20
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Nautiyal J. Transcriptional coregulator RIP140: an essential regulator of physiology. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 58:R147-R158. [PMID: 28073818 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional coregulators drive gene regulatory decisions in the transcriptional space. Although transcription factors including all nuclear receptors provide a docking platform for coregulators to bind, these proteins bring enzymatic capabilities to the gene regulatory sites. RIP140 is a transcriptional coregulator essential for several physiological processes, and aberrations in its function may lead to diseased states. Unlike several other coregulators that are known either for their coactivating or corepressing roles, in gene regulation, RIP140 is capable of acting both as a coactivator and a corepressor. The role of RIP140 in female reproductive axis and recent findings of its role in carcinogenesis and adipose biology have been summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Nautiyal
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental BiologyFaculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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21
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Patel R, Magomedova L, Tsai R, Angers S, Orellana A, Cummins CL. Separating the Anti-Inflammatory and Diabetogenic Effects of Glucocorticoids Through LXRβ Antagonism. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1034-1047. [PMID: 28324010 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs), including dexamethasone (DEX), are powerful anti-inflammatory drugs. Long-term use of GCs, however, can result in metabolic side effects such as hyperglycemia, hepatosteatosis, and insulin resistance. The GC receptor (GR) and liver X receptors (LXRα and LXRβ) regulate overlapping genes involved in gluconeogenesis and inflammation. We have previously shown that Lxrβ-/- mice are resistant to the diabetogenic effects of DEX but still sensitive to its immunosuppressive actions. To determine whether this finding could be exploited for therapeutic intervention, we treated mice with GSK2033, a pan-LXR antagonist, alone or combined with DEX. GSK2033 suppressed GC-induced gluconeogenic gene expression without affecting immune-responsive GR target genes. The suppressive effect of GSK2033 on DEX-induced gluconeogenic genes was specific to LXRβ, was liver cell autonomous, and occurred in a target gene-specific manner. Compared with DEX treatment alone, the coadministration of GSK2033 with DEX decreased the recruitment of GR and its accessory factors MED1 and C/EBPβ to the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase promoter. However, GSK2033 had no effect on DEX-mediated suppression of inflammatory genes expressed in the liver or in mouse primary macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharides. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that the gluconeogenic and immunosuppressive actions of GR activation can be mechanistically dissociated by pharmacological antagonism of LXRβ. Treatment with an LXRβ antagonist could allow the safer use of existing GC drugs in patients requiring chronic dosing of anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucha Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Lilia Magomedova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Ricky Tsai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Stéphane Angers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Arturo Orellana
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Carolyn L Cummins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
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22
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Blondrath K, Steel JH, Katsouri L, Ries M, Parker MG, Christian M, Sastre M. The nuclear cofactor receptor interacting protein-140 (RIP140) regulates the expression of genes involved in Aβ generation. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 47:180-191. [PMID: 27614112 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The receptor interacting protein-140 (RIP140) is a cofactor for several nuclear receptors and has been involved in the regulation of metabolic and inflammatory genes. We hypothesize that RIP140 may also affect Aβ generation because it modulates the activity of transcription factors previously implicated in amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). We found that the levels of RIP140 are reduced in Alzheimer's disease (AD) postmortem brains compared with healthy controls. In addition, in situ hybridization experiments revealed that RIP140 expression is enriched in the same brain areas involved in AD pathology, such as cortex and hippocampus. Furthermore, we provide evidence using cell lines and genetically modified mice that RIP140 is able to modulate the transcription of certain genes involved in AD pathology, such as β-APP cleaving enzyme (BACE1) and GSK3. Consequently, we found that RIP140 overexpression reduced the generation of Aβ in a neuroblastoma cell line by decreasing the transcription of β-APP cleaving enzyme via a PPARγ-dependent mechanism. The results of this study therefore provide molecular insights into common signaling pathways linking metabolic disease with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Blondrath
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer H Steel
- Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Loukia Katsouri
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Miriam Ries
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Malcolm G Parker
- Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Christian
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
| | - Magdalena Sastre
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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23
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Emerging role of liver X receptors in cardiac pathophysiology and heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 111:3. [PMID: 26611207 PMCID: PMC4661180 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are master regulators of metabolism and have been studied for their pharmacological potential in vascular and metabolic disease. Besides their established role in metabolic homeostasis and disease, there is mounting evidence to suggest that LXRs may exert direct beneficial effects in the heart. Here, we aim to provide a conceptual framework to explain the broad mode of action of LXRs and how LXR signaling may be an important local and systemic target for the treatment of heart failure. We discuss the potential role of LXRs in systemic conditions associated with heart failure, such as hypertension, diabetes, and renal and vascular disease. Further, we expound on recent data that implicate a direct role for LXR activation in the heart, for its impact on cardiomyocyte damage and loss due to ischemia, and effects on cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and myocardial metabolism. Taken together, the accumulating evidence supports the notion that LXRs may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of heart failure.
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Fu J, Li Z, Zhang H, Mao Y, Wang A, Wang X, Zou Z, Zhang X. Molecular pathways regulating the formation of brown-like adipocytes in white adipose tissue. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:433-52. [PMID: 25139773 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is functionally composed of brown adipose tissue and white adipose tissue. The unique thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue results from expression of uncoupling protein 1 in the mitochondrial inner membrane. On the basis of recent findings that adult humans have functionally active brown adipose tissue, it is now recognized as playing a much more important role in human metabolism than was previously thought. More importantly, brown-like adipocytes can be recruited in white adipose tissue upon environmental stimulation and pharmacologic treatment, and this change is associated with increased energy expenditure, contributing to a lean and healthy phenotype. Thus, the promotion of brown-like adipocyte development in white adipose tissue offers novel possibilities for the development of therapeutic strategies to combat obesity and related metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the recruitment of brown-like adipocyte in white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Fu
- Institute of Preventative Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Medical Records and Statistics, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Huiqin Zhang
- Institute of Preventative Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yushan Mao
- The Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anshi Wang
- Institute of Preventative Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Preventative Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zuquan Zou
- Institute of Preventative Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Preventative Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
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Liver X receptors alpha and beta promote myelination and remyelination in the cerebellum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:7587-92. [PMID: 26023184 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1424951112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of new pathways governing myelination provides innovative avenues for remyelination. Liver X receptors (LXRs) α and β are nuclear receptors activated by oxysterols that originated from the oxidation of cholesterol. They are crucial for cholesterol homeostasis, a major lipid constituent of myelin sheaths that are formed by oligodendrocytes. However, the role of LXRs in myelin generation and maintenance is poorly understood. Here, we show that LXRs are involved in myelination and remyelination processes. LXRs and their ligands are present in oligodendrocytes. We found that mice invalidated for LXRs exhibit altered motor coordination and spatial learning, thinner myelin sheaths, and reduced myelin gene expression. Conversely, activation of LXRs by either 25-hydroxycholesterol or synthetic TO901317 stimulates myelin gene expression at the promoter, mRNA, and protein levels, directly implicating LXRα/β in the transcriptional control of myelin gene expression. Interestingly, activation of LXRs also promotes oligodendroglial cell maturation and remyelination after lysolecithin-induced demyelination of organotypic cerebellar slice cultures. Together, our findings represent a conceptual advance in the transcriptional control of myelin gene expression and strongly support a new role of LXRs as positive modulators in central (re)myelination processes.
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Feng X, Lin YL, Wei LN. Behavioral stress reduces RIP140 expression in astrocyte and increases brain lipid accumulation. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 46:270-9. [PMID: 25697398 PMCID: PMC4414809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is highly expressed in the brain, and acts in neurons and microglia to affect emotional responses. The present study reveals an additional function of RIP140 in the brain, which is to regulate brain lipid homeostasis via its action in astrocytes. We found forced swim stress (FSS) significantly reduces the expression level of RIP140 and elevates cholesterol content in the brain. Mechanistically, FSS elevates endoplasmic reticulum stress, which suppresses RIP140 expression by increasing microRNA 33 (miR33) that targets RIP140 mRNA's 3'-untranslated region. Consequentially, cholesterol biosynthesis and export are dramatically increased in astrocyte, the major source of brain cholesterol. These results demonstrate that RIP140 plays an important role in maintaining brain cholesterol homeostasis through, partially, regulating cholesterol metabolism in, and mobilization from, astrocyte. Altering RIP140 levels can disrupt brain cholesterol homeostasis, which may contribute to behavioral stress-induced neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Yu-Lung Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Li-Na Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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Liu D, Wang Z, Ma W, Gao Y, Li A, Lan X, Lei C, Chen H. Tetra-primer ARMS-PCR identified a missense mutation of the bovine <i>NRIP1</i> gene associated with growth traits. Arch Anim Breed 2015. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-58-165-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. Nuclear receptor-interacting protein 1 (NRIP1) specifically interacts with the hormone-dependent activation domain AF2 of nuclear receptors to inhibit transcription. Previous work has demonstrated this protein to be a key regulator in modulating transcriptional activity of many transcription factors, some of which are closely related to development and growth. In this study, we have successfully genotyped two newly identified bovine NRIP1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (c.605A > G and c.1301G > A) using the T-ARMS-PCR method and validated the accuracy by means of PCR-RFLP assay using 1809 individuals of 9 different cattle breeds. The association analyses results indicated that c.605A > G locus was significantly associated with body weight and average daily gain in Nanyang cattle at 18 months (P < 0.05). Thus it can be inferred that T-ARMS-PCR is a rapid, reliable, and cheap method for SNP genotyping and that c.605A > G polymorphism in bovine NRIP1 is associated with growth traits. These findings will be of benefit for the application of DNA markers related to growth traits in marker-assisted selection (MAS), and will improve the promotion of beef cattle.
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RIP140 as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of atherosclerosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 81:136-8. [PMID: 25701715 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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He Y, Zhang L, Li Z, Gao H, Yue Z, Liu Z, Liu X, Feng X, Liu P. RIP140 triggers foam-cell formation by repressing ABCA1/G1 expression and cholesterol efflux via liver X receptor. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:455-60. [PMID: 25616132 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is a multifunctional coregulator of lipid metabolism and inflammation. However, the potential role of RIP140 in atherosclerosis remains unknown. The present study investigated the impact of RIP140 on foam cell formation, a critical step in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The expression of RIP140 was increased in foam cells. RIP140 overexpression resulted in decreased cholesterol efflux in macrophages and their concomitant differentiation into foam cells. Moreover, RIP140 negatively regulated the macrophage expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 and G1 (ABCA1/G1), by suppressing the expression and activity of liver X receptor (LXR). These findings shed light onto the contribution of RIP140 to the development and progression of atherosclerosis, and suggest a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong He
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Luankun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-sen University cancer center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Zhuoming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, PR China
| | - Zhongbao Yue
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xueping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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30
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Kurakula K, Sommer D, Sokolovic M, Moerland PD, Scheij S, van Loenen PB, Koenis DS, Zelcer N, van Tiel CM, de Vries CJM. LIM-only protein FHL2 is a positive regulator of liver X receptors in smooth muscle cells involved in lipid homeostasis. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:52-62. [PMID: 25332231 PMCID: PMC4295390 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00525-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The LIM-only protein FHL2 is expressed in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and inhibits SMC-rich-lesion formation. To further elucidate the role of FHL2 in SMCs, we compared the transcriptomes of SMCs derived from wild-type (WT) and FHL2 knockout (KO) mice. This revealed that in addition to the previously recognized involvement of FHL2 in SMC proliferation, the cholesterol synthesis and liver X receptor (LXR) pathways are altered in the absence of FHL2. Using coimmunoprecipitation experiments, we found that FHL2 interacts with the two LXR isoforms, LXRα and LXRβ. Furthermore, FHL2 strongly enhances transcriptional activity of LXR element (LXRE)-containing reporter constructs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments on the ABCG1 promoter revealed that FHL2 enhances the association of LXRβ with DNA. In line with these observations, we observed reduced basal transcriptional LXR activity in FHL2-KO SMCs compared to WT SMCs. This was also reflected in reduced expression of LXR target genes in intact aorta and aortic SMCs of FHL2-KO mice. Functionally, the absence of FHL2 resulted in attenuated cholesterol efflux to both ApoA-1 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), in agreement with reduced LXR signaling. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that FHL2 is a transcriptional coactivator of LXRs and points toward FHL2 being an important determinant of cholesterol metabolism in SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondababu Kurakula
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Sommer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Milka Sokolovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands European Food Information Council, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Perry D Moerland
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Scheij
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter B van Loenen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Duco S Koenis
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Noam Zelcer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia M van Tiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlie J M de Vries
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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Vernia S, Cavanagh-Kyros J, Garcia-Haro L, Sabio G, Barrett T, Jung DY, Kim JK, Xu J, Shulha HP, Garber M, Gao G, Davis RJ. The PPARα-FGF21 hormone axis contributes to metabolic regulation by the hepatic JNK signaling pathway. Cell Metab 2014; 20:512-25. [PMID: 25043817 PMCID: PMC4156535 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cJun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) stress signaling pathway is implicated in the metabolic response to the consumption of a high-fat diet, including the development of obesity and insulin resistance. These metabolic adaptations involve altered liver function. Here, we demonstrate that hepatic JNK potently represses the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Therefore, JNK causes decreased expression of PPARα target genes that increase fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis and promote the development of insulin resistance. We show that the PPARα target gene fibroblast growth factor 21 (Fgf21) plays a key role in this response because disruption of the hepatic PPARα-FGF21 hormone axis suppresses the metabolic effects of JNK deficiency. This analysis identifies the hepatokine FGF21 as a critical mediator of JNK signaling in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Vernia
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Julie Cavanagh-Kyros
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Luisa Garcia-Haro
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamera Barrett
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Dae Young Jung
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jia Xu
- Bioinformatics Core, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Hennady P Shulha
- Bioinformatics Core, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Manuel Garber
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Bioinformatics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Guangping Gao
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Roger J Davis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Rosell M, Nevedomskaya E, Stelloo S, Nautiyal J, Poliandri A, Steel JH, Wessels LFA, Carroll JS, Parker MG, Zwart W. Complex formation and function of estrogen receptor α in transcription requires RIP140. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5469-79. [PMID: 25145671 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RIP140 is a transcriptional coregulator involved in energy homeostasis, ovulation, and mammary gland development. Although conclusive evidence is lacking, reports have implicated a role for RIP140 in breast cancer. Here, we explored the mechanistic role of RIP140 in breast cancer and its involvement in estrogen receptor α (ERα) transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Using ChIP-seq analysis, we demonstrate that RIP140 shares more than 80% of its binding sites with ERα, colocalizing with its interaction partners FOXA1, GATA3, p300, CBP, and p160 family members at H3K4me1-demarcated enhancer regions. RIP140 is required for ERα-complex formation, ERα-mediated gene expression, and ERα-dependent breast cancer cell proliferation. Genes affected following RIP140 silencing could be used to stratify tamoxifen-treated breast cancer cohorts, based on clinical outcome. Importantly, this gene signature was only effective in endocrine-treated conditions. Cumulatively, our data suggest that RIP140 plays an important role in ERα-mediated transcriptional regulation in breast cancer and response to tamoxifen treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Rosell
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ekaterina Nevedomskaya
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzan Stelloo
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaya Nautiyal
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ariel Poliandri
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer H Steel
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm G Parker
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Sim WC, Park S, Lee KY, Je YT, Yin HQ, Choi YJ, Sung SH, Park SJ, Park HJ, Shin KJ, Lee BH. LXR-α antagonist meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid attenuates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 90:414-24. [PMID: 24955981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Collaborative regulation of liver X receptor (LXR) and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1 are main determinants in hepatic steatosis, as shown in both animal models and human patients. Recent studies indicate that selective intervention of overly functional LXRα in the liver shows promise in treatment of fatty liver disease. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (MDGA) on LXRα activation and its ability to attenuate fatty liver in mice. MDGA inhibited activation of the LXRα ligand-binding domain by competitively binding to the pocket for agonist T0901317 and decreased the luciferase activity in LXRE-tk-Luc-transfected cells. MDGA significantly attenuated hepatic neutral lipid accumulation in T0901317- and high fat diet (HFD)-induced fatty liver. The effect of MDGA was so potent that treatment with 1mg/kg for 2 weeks completely reversed the lipid accumulation induced by HFD feeding. MDGA reduced the expression of LXRα co-activator protein RIP140 and LXRα target gene products associated with lipogenesis in HFD-fed mice. These results demonstrate that MDGA has the potential to attenuate nonalcoholic steatosis mediated by selective inhibition of LXRα in the liver in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Cheol Sim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Yo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tae Je
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu-Quan Yin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Jung Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Jung Shin
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Parikh M, Patel K, Soni S, Gandhi T. Liver X Receptor: A Cardinal Target for Atherosclerosis and Beyond. J Atheroscler Thromb 2014. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.19778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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35
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Ding L, Pang S, Sun Y, Tian Y, Yu L, Dang N. Coordinated Actions of FXR and LXR in Metabolism: From Pathogenesis to Pharmacological Targets for Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:751859. [PMID: 24872814 PMCID: PMC4020365 DOI: 10.1155/2014/751859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the most prevalent metabolic disease, and many people are suffering from its complications driven by hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-inducible transcription factors that mediate changes to metabolic pathways within the body. As metabolic regulators, the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the liver X receptor (LXR) play key roles in the pathogenesis of T2D, which remains to be clarified in detail. Here we review the recent progress concerning the physiological and pathophysiological roles of FXRs and LXRs in the regulation of bile acid, lipid and glucose metabolism and the implications in T2D, taking into account that these two nuclear receptors are potential pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of T2D and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ding
- Endocrinology Department, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Shuguang Pang
- Endocrinology Department, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
- *Shuguang Pang:
| | - Yongmei Sun
- Endocrinology Department, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Yuling Tian
- Endocrinology Department, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Li Yu
- Endocrinology Department, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Ningning Dang
- Endocrinology Department, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
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36
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Nautiyal J, Christian M, Parker MG. Distinct functions for RIP140 in development, inflammation, and metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2013; 24:451-9. [PMID: 23742741 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) regulate tissue development and function by controlling transcription from distinct sets of genes in response to fluctuating levels of hormones or cues that modulate receptor activity. Such target gene activation or repression depends on the recruitment of coactivators or corepressors that lead to chromatin remodelling in the vicinity of target genes. Similarly to receptors, coactivators and corepressors often serve pleiotropic functions, and Nrip1 (RIP140) is no exception, playing roles in animal development and physiology. At first sight, however, RIP140 is unusual in its ability to function either as a coactivator or as a corepressor, and also serve a cytoplasmic role. The functions of RIP140 in different tissues will be summarised together with its potential contribution to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Nautiyal
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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The liver X receptor: A master regulator of the gut–liver axis and a target for non alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:96-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Nautiyal J, Steel JH, Mane MR, Oduwole O, Poliandri A, Alexi X, Wood N, Poutanen M, Zwart W, Stingl J, Parker MG. The transcriptional co-factor RIP140 regulates mammary gland development by promoting the generation of key mitogenic signals. Development 2013; 140:1079-89. [PMID: 23404106 PMCID: PMC3583043 DOI: 10.1242/dev.085720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor interacting protein (Nrip1), also known as RIP140, is a co-regulator for nuclear receptors that plays an essential role in ovulation by regulating the expression of the epidermal growth factor-like family of growth factors. Although several studies indicate a role for RIP140 in breast cancer, its role in the development of the mammary gland is unclear. By using RIP140-null and RIP140 transgenic mice, we demonstrate that RIP140 is an essential factor for normal mammary gland development and that it functions by mediating oestrogen signalling. RIP140-null mice exhibit minimal ductal elongation with no side-branching, whereas RIP140-overexpressing mice show increased cell proliferation and ductal branching with age. Tissue recombination experiments demonstrate that RIP140 expression is required in both the mammary epithelial and stromal compartments for ductal elongation during puberty and that loss of RIP140 leads to a catastrophic loss of the mammary epithelium, whereas RIP140 overexpression augments the mammary basal cell population and shifts the progenitor/differentiated cell balance within the luminal cell compartment towards the progenitors. For the first time, we present a genome-wide global view of oestrogen receptor-α (ERα) binding events in the developing mammary gland, which unravels 881 ERα binding sites. Unbiased evaluation of several ERα binding sites for RIP140 co-occupancy reveals selectivity and demonstrates that RIP140 acts as a co-regulator with ERα to regulate directly the expression of amphiregulin (Areg), the progesterone receptor (Pgr) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a (Stat5a), factors that influence key mitogenic pathways that regulate normal mammary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Nautiyal
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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Pannu PS, Allahverdian S, Francis GA. Oxysterol generation and liver X receptor-dependent reverse cholesterol transport: not all roads lead to Rome. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 368:99-107. [PMID: 22884520 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell cholesterol metabolism is a tightly regulated process, dependent in part on activation of nuclear liver X receptors (LXRs) to increase expression of genes mediating removal of excess cholesterol from cells in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway. LXRs are thought to be activated predominantly by oxysterols generated enzymatically from cholesterol in different cell organelles. Defects resulting in slowed release of cholesterol from late endosomes and lysosomes or reduction in sterol-27-hydroxylase activity lead to specific blocks in oxysterol production and impaired LXR-dependent gene activation. This block does not appear to be compensated by oxysterol production in other cell compartments. The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge about oxysterol-dependent activation by LXR of genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport, and what these defects of cell cholesterol homeostasis can teach us about the critical pathways of oxysterol generation for expression of LXR-dependent genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveer S Pannu
- Department of Medicine, UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute of Heart and Lung Health at St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6.
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Zou R, Yang L, Xue J, Ke M, Huang Q, Huang Q, Dai Z, Sun J, Xu Y. WITHDRAWN: RIP140 mediates hyperglycemia-induced glucotoxicity in β-cells via the activation of JNK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013:S0168-8227(12)00506-2. [PMID: 23290273 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runmei Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Junli Xue
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Min Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Paediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Zhe Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Jiazhong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Yancheng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
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Moore DD. Nuclear receptors reverse McGarry's vicious cycle to insulin resistance. Cell Metab 2012; 15:615-22. [PMID: 22560214 PMCID: PMC3613429 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Several pathways and pathologies have been suggested as connections between obesity and diabetes, including inflammation of adipose and other tissues, toxic lipids, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and fatty liver. One specific proposal is that insulin resistance induces a vicious cycle in which hyperinsulinemia increases hepatic lipogenesis and exacerbates fatty liver, in turn further increasing insulin resistance. Here I suggest that reversing this cycle via suppression of the lipogenic transcription factor SREBP-1c is a common thread that connects the antidiabetic effects of a surprising number of nuclear hormone receptors, including CAR, LRH-1, TRβ, ERα, and FXR/SHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Kim DK, Ryu D, Koh M, Lee MW, Lim D, Kim MJ, Kim YH, Cho WJ, Lee CH, Park SB, Koo SH, Choi HS. Orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) is key regulator of hepatic gluconeogenesis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:21628-39. [PMID: 22549789 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.315168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is tightly controlled by hormonal regulation of hepatic glucose production. Dysregulation of this system is often associated with insulin resistance and diabetes, resulting in hyperglycemia in mammals. Here, we show that the orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) is a novel downstream mediator of glucagon action in hepatic gluconeogenesis and demonstrate a beneficial impact of the inverse agonist GSK5182. Hepatic ERRγ expression was increased by fasting-dependent activation of the cAMP-response element-binding protein-CRTC2 pathway. Overexpression of ERRγ induced Pck1 and G6PC gene expression and glucose production in primary hepatocytes, whereas abolition of ERRγ gene expression attenuated forskolin-mediated induction of gluconeogenic gene expression. Deletion and mutation analyses of the Pck1 promoter showed that ERRγ directly regulates the Pck1 gene transcription via ERR response elements of the Pck1 promoter as confirmed by ChIP assay and in vivo imaging analysis. We also demonstrate that GSK5182, an inverse agonist of ERRγ, specifically inhibits the transcriptional activity of ERRγ in a PGC-1α dependent manner. Finally, the ERRγ inverse agonist ameliorated hyperglycemia through inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis in db/db mice. Control of hepatic glucose production by an ERRγ-specific inverse agonist is a new potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don-Kyu Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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Paternal Benzo[a]pyrene Exposure Modulates MicroRNA Expression Patterns in the Developing Mouse Embryo. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:407431. [PMID: 22548065 PMCID: PMC3324892 DOI: 10.1155/2012/407431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Little attention has been given to how microRNA expression is affected by environmental contaminants exposure. We investigate the effects of paternal exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) on miRNA expression in the developing mouse embryo. Male mice were exposed to B[a]P (150 mg/kg i.p.), and their sperm was used four days later in in-vitro fertilization experiments. Twenty embryos each from 2-, 8-cell and the blastocyst stage were used for genome-wide miRNA expression profiling. Paternal exposure to B[a]P affected the expression of several miRNAs, and the target genes for some of the dysregulated miRNAs were enriched in many different pathways that are likely to be relevant for the developing mouse embryo. By linking the miRNA target genes to publicly available databases, we identified some miRNA target genes that may serve as global markers of B[a]P-mediated genotoxic stress. The dysregulated miRNAs may provide valuable knowledge about potential transgenerational effects of sublethal exposure to chemicals.
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Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are members of the nuclear receptor family and are present in two isoforms, α and β, encoded by two separate genes. Originally described in the liver, LXRs have in the last 15 years been implicated in central metabolic pathways, including bile acid synthesis, lipid and glucose homeostasis. Although the vast majority of studies have been performed in non-adipose cells/tissues, results in recent years suggest that LXRs may have important modulatory roles in adipose tissue and adipocytes. Although several authors have published reviews on LXR, there have been no attempts to summarize the effects reported specifically in adipose systems. This overview gives a brief introduction to LXR and describes the sometimes-contradictory results obtained in murine cell systems and in rodent adipose tissue. The so far very limited number of studies performed in human adipocytes and adipose tissue are also presented. It should be apparent that although LXR may impact on several different pathways in metabolism, the clinical role of LXR modulation in adipose tissue is still not clear.
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Absence of RIP140 reveals a pathway regulating glut4-dependent glucose uptake in oxidative skeletal muscle through UCP1-mediated activation of AMPK. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32520. [PMID: 22389706 PMCID: PMC3289711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle constitutes the major site of glucose uptake leading to increased removal of glucose from the circulation in response to insulin. Type 2 diabetes and obesity are often associated with insulin resistance that can be counteracted by exercise or the use of drugs increasing the relative proportion of oxidative fibers. RIP140 is a transcriptional coregulator with a central role in metabolic tissues and we tested the effect of modulating its level of expression on muscle glucose and lipid metabolism in two mice models. Here, we show that although RIP140 protein is expressed at the same level in both oxidative and glycolytic muscles, it inhibits both fatty acid and glucose utilization in a fiber-type dependent manner. In RIP140-null mice, fatty acid utilization increases in the extensor digitorum longus and this is associated with elevated expression of genes implicated in fatty acid binding and transport. In the RIP140-null soleus, depletion of RIP140 leads to increased GLUT4 trafficking and glucose uptake with no change in Akt activity. AMPK phosphorylation/activity is inhibited in the soleus of RIP140 transgenic mice and increased in RIP140-null soleus. This is associated with increased UCP1 expression and mitochondrial uncoupling revealing the existence of a signaling pathway controlling insulin-independent glucose uptake in the soleus of RIP140-null mice. In conclusion, our findings reinforce the participation of RIP140 in the maintenance of energy homeostasis by acting as an inhibitor of energy production and particularly point to RIP140 as a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of insulin resistance.
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Watson PJ, Fairall L, Schwabe JW. Nuclear hormone receptor co-repressors: structure and function. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 348:440-9. [PMID: 21925568 PMCID: PMC3315023 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Co-repressor proteins, such as SMRT and NCoR, mediate the repressive activity of unliganded nuclear receptors and other transcription factors. They appear to act as intrinsically disordered "hub proteins" that integrate the activities of a range of transcription factors with a number of histone modifying enzymes. Although these co-repressor proteins are challenging targets for structural studies due to their largely unstructured character, a number of structures have recently been determined of co-repressor interaction regions in complex with their interacting partners. These have yielded considerable insight into the mechanism of assembly of these complexes, the structural basis for the specificity of the interactions and also open opportunities for targeting these interactions therapeutically.
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A methodology for multivariate phenotype-based genome-wide association studies to mine pleiotropic genes. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2011; 5 Suppl 2:S13. [PMID: 22784570 PMCID: PMC3287479 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-s2-s13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Current Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) are performed in a single trait framework without considering genetic correlations between important disease traits. Hence, the GWAS have limitations in discovering genetic risk factors affecting pleiotropic effects. Results This work reports a novel data mining approach to discover patterns of multiple phenotypic associations over 52 anthropometric and biochemical traits in KARE and a new analytical scheme for GWAS of multivariate phenotypes defined by the discovered patterns. This methodology applied to the GWAS for multivariate phenotype highLDLhighTG derived from the predicted patterns of the phenotypic associations. The patterns of the phenotypic associations were informative to draw relations between plasma lipid levels with bone mineral density and a cluster of common traits (Obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance) related to Metabolic Syndrome (MS). A total of 15 SNPs in six genes (PAK7, C20orf103, NRIP1, BCL2, TRPM3, and NAV1) were identified for significant associations with highLDLhighTG. Noteworthy findings were that the significant associations included a mis-sense mutation (PAK7:R335P), a frame shift mutation (C20orf103) and SNPs in splicing sites (TRPM3). Conclusions The six genes corresponded to rat and mouse quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that had shown associations with the common traits such as the well characterized MS and even tumor susceptibility. Our findings suggest that the six genes may play important roles in the pleiotropic effects on lipid metabolism and the MS, which increase the risk of Type 2 Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The use of the multivariate phenotypes can be advantageous in identifying genetic risk factors, accounting for the pleiotropic effects when the multivariate phenotypes have a common etiological pathway.
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Pivovarova EN, Dushkin MI, Perepechaeva ML, Kobzev VF, Trufakin VA, Markel' AL. [All signs of metabolic syndrome in the hypertensive ISIAH rats are associated with increased activity of transcription factors PPAR, LXR, PXR, and CAR in the liver]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2011; 57:435-45. [PMID: 22066269 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20115704435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It is known that the metabolic syndrome (MS), which includes hypertension, dislipidemia, glucose intolerance, and obesity leads to cardiovascular diseases. The MS risk is growing catastrophically. Molecular mechanisms allowing to understand the reason of integrated dysfunctions, taking place at MS cases, have remained almost unstudied. The chronical stress plays a crucial role in MS development; therefore in the present work a hypertensive rat strain with Inherited Stress-Induced Arterial Hypertension (ISIAH) was used as a model. It was shown that ISIAH rat strain as compared with the control WAG rat strain is characterized by increased content of triglyceride, VLDL and LDL cholesterols, a decreased content of HDL cholesterol, a high level of apolipoprotein B-100, and decreased level of apolipoprotein A-I. The ISIAH rats body weight was higher as compared with WAG rats; ISIAH rats blood glucose content was higher too. Thus, strain hypertension for ISIAH rat is accompanied by dislipidemia, increased glucose content, and increased body weight, representing a whole set of MS signs. Since at MS cases the systemic abnormalities in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism take place, the functional activity of transcription factors (TFs) participating in integral regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism genes in liver was measured. PPAR, LXR, PXR, CAR DNA-binding activity was increased in ISIAH rats, suggesting involvement of these TFs in MS development. Integrated investigation of PPAR, LXR, PXR, CAR regulatory mechanisms, signal transduction and transcriptional targets will provide insights into the pathogenesis of MS and offer valuable information for designing of drugs for MS treatment.
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Kim DK, Kim JR, Koh M, Kim YD, Lee JM, Chanda D, Park SB, Min JJ, Lee CH, Park TS, Choi HS. Estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) is a novel transcriptional regulator of phosphatidic acid phosphatase, LIPIN1, and inhibits hepatic insulin signaling. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:38035-38042. [PMID: 21911493 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.250613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
LIPINs have been reported to perform important roles in the regulation of intracellular lipid levels. Their mutations induce lipodystrophy, myoglobinuria, and inflammatory disorders. Recently, the phosphatidic acid phosphatase function of LIPINs has been associated with the perturbation of hepatic insulin receptor signaling via the diacylglycerol-mediated stimulation of PKCε activity. Here, we report that nuclear estrogen-related receptor (ERR) γ is a novel transcriptional regulator of LIPIN1. Overexpression of ERRγ significantly increased LIPIN1 expression in primary hepatocytes, whereas the abolition of ERRγ gene expression attenuated the expression of LIPIN1. Deletion and mutation analyses of the LIPIN1 promoter showed that ERRγ exerts its effect on the transcriptional regulation of LIPIN1 via ERRE1 of the LIPIN1 promoter, as confirmed by ChIP assay. We also determined that the gene transcription of LIPIN1 by ERRγ is controlled by the competition between PGC-1α and small heterodimer partner. Additionally, ERRγ leads to the induction of hepatic LIPIN1 expression and diacylglycerol production in vivo. Finally, an inverse agonist of ERRγ, GSK5182, restores the impaired insulin signaling induced by LIPIN1-mediated PKCε activation. Our findings indicate that the selective control of ERRγ transcriptional activity by its specific inverse agonist could provide a novel therapeutic approach to the amelioration of impaired hepatic insulin signaling induced by LIPIN1-mediated PKCε activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don-Kyu Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ran Kim
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseob Koh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Deuk Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Lee
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Dipanjan Chanda
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bum Park
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea; Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, Republic of Korea; Bioimaging Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, Republic of Korea.
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Liver X Receptor: an oxysterol sensor and a major player in the control of lipogenesis. Chem Phys Lipids 2011; 164:500-14. [PMID: 21693109 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
De novo fatty acid biosynthesis is also called lipogenesis. It is a metabolic pathway that provides the cells with fatty acids required for major cellular processes such as energy storage, membrane structures and lipid signaling. In this article we will review the role of the Liver X Receptors (LXRs), nuclear receptors that sense oxysterols, in the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in lipogenesis.
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