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Shibao C, Peche VS, Williams IM, Samovski D, Pietka TA, Abumrad NN, Gamazon E, Goldberg IJ, Wasserman D, Abumrad NA. Microvascular insulin resistance associates with enhanced muscle glucose disposal in CD36 deficiency. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.02.16.24302950. [PMID: 38405702 PMCID: PMC10889024 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.16.24302950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Dysfunction of endothelial insulin delivery to muscle associates with insulin resistance. CD36, a fatty acid transporter and modulator of insulin signaling is abundant in endothelial cells, especially in capillaries. Humans with inherited 50% reduction in CD36 expression have endothelial dysfunction but whether it is associated with insulin resistance is unclear. Using hyperinsulinemic/euglycemic clamps in Cd36-/- and wildtype mice, and in 50% CD36 deficient humans and matched controls we found that Cd36-/- mice have enhanced systemic glucose disposal despite unaltered transendothelial insulin transfer and reductions in microvascular perfusion and blood vessel compliance. Partially CD36 deficient humans also have better glucose disposal than controls with no capillary recruitment by insulin. CD36 knockdown in primary human-derived microvascular cells impairs insulin action on AKT, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and nitric oxide release. Thus, insulin resistance of microvascular function in CD36 deficiency paradoxically associates with increased glucose utilization, likely through a remodeling of muscle gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyndya Shibao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN
| | - Vivek S. Peche
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ian M. Williams
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN
| | - Dmitri Samovski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Terri A. Pietka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Naji N. Abumrad
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN
| | - Eric Gamazon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Ira J. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - David Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN
| | - Nada A. Abumrad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Julien JA, Rousseau A, Perone TV, LaGatta DM, Hong C, Root KT, Park S, Fuanta R, Im W, Glover KJ. One-step site-specific S-alkylation of full-length caveolin-1: Lipidation modulates the topology of its C-terminal domain. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4791. [PMID: 37801623 PMCID: PMC10599104 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 is an integral membrane protein that is known to acquire a number of posttranslational modifications upon trafficking to the plasma membrane. In particular, caveolin-1 is palmitoylated at three cysteine residues (C133, C143, and C156) located within the C-terminal domain of the protein which could have structural and topological implications. Herein, a reliable preparation of full-length S-alkylated caveolin-1, which closely mimics the palmitoylation observed in vivo, is described. HPLC and ESI-LC-MS analyses verified the addition of the C16 alkyl groups to caveolin-1 constructs containing one (C133), two (C133 and C143), and three (C133, C143, and C156) cysteine residues. Circular dichroism spectroscopy analysis of the constructs revealed that S-alkylation does not significantly affect the global helicity of the protein; however, molecular dynamics simulations revealed that there were local regions where the helicity was altered positively or negatively by S-alkylation. In addition, the simulations showed that lipidation tames the topological promiscuity of the C-terminal domain, resulting in a disposition within the bilayer characterized by increased depth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alain Rousseau
- Department of ChemistryLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Thomas V. Perone
- Department of ChemistryLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - David M. LaGatta
- Department of ChemistryLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Chan Hong
- Department of ChemistryLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kyle T. Root
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Engineering & PhysicsCommonwealth University of PennsylvaniaLock HavenPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Soohyung Park
- Department of ChemistryLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - René Fuanta
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryEast Stroudsburg UniversityEast StroudsburgPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Wonpil Im
- Department of ChemistryLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
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Liang J, Wang H, Cade BE, Kurniansyah N, He KY, Lee J, Sands SA, A. Brody J, Chen H, Gottlieb DJ, Evans DS, Guo X, Gharib SA, Hale L, Hillman DR, Lutsey PL, Mukherjee S, Ochs-Balcom HM, Palmer LJ, Purcell S, Saxena R, Patel SR, Stone KL, Tranah GJ, Boerwinkle E, Lin X, Liu Y, Psaty BM, Vasan RS, Manichaikul A, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Sofer T, Redline S, Zhu X. Targeted Genome Sequencing Identifies Multiple Rare Variants in Caveolin-1 Associated with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:1271-1280. [PMID: 35822943 PMCID: PMC9746833 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202203-0618oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and premature mortality. There is strong clinical and epidemiologic evidence supporting the importance of genetic factors influencing OSA but limited data implicating specific genes. Objectives: To search for rare variants contributing to OSA severity. Methods: Leveraging high-depth genomic sequencing data from the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program and imputed genotype data from multiple population-based studies, we performed linkage analysis in the CFS (Cleveland Family Study), followed by multistage gene-based association analyses in independent cohorts for apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in a total of 7,708 individuals of European ancestry. Measurements and Main Results: Linkage analysis in the CFS identified a suggestive linkage peak on chromosome 7q31 (LOD = 2.31). Gene-based analysis identified 21 noncoding rare variants in CAV1 (Caveolin-1) associated with lower AHI after accounting for multiple comparisons (P = 7.4 × 10-8). These noncoding variants together significantly contributed to the linkage evidence (P < 10-3). Follow-up analysis revealed significant associations between these variants and increased CAV1 expression, and increased CAV1 expression in peripheral monocytes was associated with lower AHI (P = 0.024) and higher minimum overnight oxygen saturation (P = 0.007). Conclusions: Rare variants in CAV1, a membrane-scaffolding protein essential in multiple cellular and metabolic functions, are associated with higher CAV1 gene expression and lower OSA severity, suggesting a novel target for modulating OSA severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Heming Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Brian E. Cade
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nuzulul Kurniansyah
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karen Y. He
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott A. Sands
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and
| | | | - Han Chen
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, and
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel J. Gottlieb
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel S. Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Sina A. Gharib
- Computational Medicine Core, Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington Medicine Sleep Center, Department of Medicine
| | - Lauren Hale
- Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Program in Public Health, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - David R. Hillman
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Pamela L. Lutsey
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sutapa Mukherjee
- Sleep Health Service, Respiratory and Sleep Service, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Heather M. Ochs-Balcom
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Lyle J. Palmer
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shaun Purcell
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Richa Saxena
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Center for Genomic Medicine and
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sanjay R. Patel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Katie L. Stone
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Gregory J. Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Xihong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine
- Department of Epidemiology, and
- Department of Health Services and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics and
- Biostatistics Section, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Jerome I. Rotter
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and
- Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - TOPMed Sleep Working Group
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and
- Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine
- Computational Medicine Core, Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington Medicine Sleep Center, Department of Medicine
- Department of Epidemiology, and
- Department of Health Services and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, and
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
- Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Program in Public Health, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Sleep Health Service, Respiratory and Sleep Service, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Center for Genomic Medicine and
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
- Center for Public Health Genomics and
- Biostatistics Section, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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4
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Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Improves Acetylcholine-Mediated Relaxation in the Aorta of Type-2 Diabetic Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165107. [PMID: 36014347 PMCID: PMC9413505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to insulin resistance and macro- and microvascular complications associated with diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ER stress inhibition on endothelial function in the aorta of type-2 diabetic rats. Type-2 diabetes was developed in male Sprague–Dawley rats using a high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin. Rat aortic tissues were harvested to study endothelial-dependent relaxation. The mechanisms for acetylcholine-mediated relaxation were investigated using pharmacological blockers, Western blotting, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. Acetylcholine-mediated relaxation was diminished in the aorta of diabetic rats compared to control rats; supplementation with TUDCA improved relaxation. In the aortas of control and diabetic rats receiving TUDCA, the relaxation was mediated via eNOS/PI3K/Akt, NAD(P)H, and the KATP channel. In diabetic rats, acetylcholine-mediated relaxation involved eNOS/PI3K/Akt and NAD(P)H, but not the KATP channel. The expression of ER stress markers was upregulated in the aorta of diabetic rats and reduced with TUDCA supplementation. The expression of eNOS and Akt were lower in diabetic rats but were upregulated after supplementation with TUDCA. The levels of MDA, IL-6, and SOD activity were higher in the aorta of the diabetic rats compared to control rats. This study demonstrated that endothelial function was impaired in diabetes, however, supplementation with TUDCA improved the function via eNOS/Akt/PI3K, NAD(P)H, and the KATP channel. The improvement of endothelial function was associated with increased expressions of eNOS and Akt. Thus, ER stress plays a crucial role in the impairment of endothelial-dependent relaxation. Mitigating ER stress could be a potential strategy for improving endothelial dysfunction in type-2 diabetes.
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Abstract
Several studies have reported a significant association between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and mortality around the world. Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) has been widely studied in dyslipidaemia, and several studies have indicated that CAV-1 genetic variations may correlate with dietary intake of fatty acids. This study aimed to investigate the interaction of CAV-1 rs3807992 with types of dietary fatty acid in the MetS risk. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 404 overweight and obese females. Dietary intake was obtained from a 147-item FFQ. The CAV-1 genotype was measured using the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Anthropometric values and serum levels (TC, LDL, HDL, TAG and FBS) were measured by standard methods. It was observed that the (AA + AG) group had significantly higher BMI, waist circumference and DBP (P = 0·02, P = 0·02, and P = 0·01, respectively) and lower serum LDL, HDL and TC (P < 0·05) than the GG group. It was found that A allele carriers were at higher odds of the MetS (P = 0·01), abdominal obesity (P = 0·06), increased TAG concentration (P = 0·01), elevated blood pressure (BP) (P = 0·01), increased glucose concentration (P = 0·45) and decreased HDL-cholesterol concentration (P = 0·03). Moreover, the interaction of CAV-1 and SFA intake was significant in terms of the MetS (P = 0·03), LDL (P = 0·03) and BP (P = 0·01). Additionally, the (AA + AG) group was significantly related to PUFA intake in terms of the MetS (P = 0·04), TAG (P = 0·02), glucose (P = 0·02) and homoeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (P = 0·01). Higher PUFA consumption might attenuate the CAV-1 rs3807992 associations with the MetS, and individuals with greater genetic predisposition appeared to have a higher risk of the MetS, associated with higher SFA consumption.
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Mustapha S, Mohammed M, Azemi AK, Yunusa I, Shehu A, Mustapha L, Wada Y, Ahmad MH, Ahmad WANW, Rasool AHG, Mokhtar SS. Potential Roles of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Cellular Proteins Implicated in Diabesity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8830880. [PMID: 33995826 PMCID: PMC8099518 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8830880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has evolved from protein synthesis, processing, and other secretory pathways to forming a foundation for lipid biosynthesis and other metabolic functions. Maintaining ER homeostasis is essential for normal cellular function and survival. An imbalance in the ER implied stressful conditions such as metabolic distress, which activates a protective process called unfolded protein response (UPR). This response is activated through some canonical branches of ER stress, i.e., the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Therefore, chronic hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, increased proinflammatory cytokines, and free fatty acids (FFAs) found in diabesity (a pathophysiological link between obesity and diabetes) could lead to ER stress. However, limited data exist regarding ER stress and its association with diabesity, particularly the implicated proteins and molecular mechanisms. Thus, this review highlights the role of ER stress in relation to some proteins involved in diabesity pathogenesis and provides insight into possible pathways that could serve as novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagir Mustapha
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha Mohammed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Ahmad Khusairi Azemi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ismaeel Yunusa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Aishatu Shehu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Lukman Mustapha
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf Wada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Zoology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Mubarak Hussaini Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
- School of Pharmacy Technician, Aminu Dabo College of Health Sciences and Technology, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Wan Amir Nizam Wan Ahmad
- Biomedicine Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Safiah Mokhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Reina-Torres E, De Ieso ML, Pasquale LR, Madekurozwa M, van Batenburg-Sherwood J, Overby DR, Stamer WD. The vital role for nitric oxide in intraocular pressure homeostasis. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 83:100922. [PMID: 33253900 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Catalyzed by endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) activity, NO is a gaseous signaling molecule maintaining endothelial and cardiovascular homeostasis. Principally, NO regulates the contractility of vascular smooth muscle cells and permeability of endothelial cells in response to either biochemical or biomechanical cues. In the conventional outflow pathway of the eye, the smooth muscle-like trabecular meshwork (TM) cells and Schlemm's canal (SC) endothelium control aqueous humor outflow resistance, and therefore intraocular pressure (IOP). The mechanisms by which outflow resistance is regulated are complicated, but NO appears to be a key player as enhancement or inhibition of NO signaling dramatically affects outflow function; and polymorphisms in NOS3, the gene that encodes eNOS modifies the relation between various environmental exposures and glaucoma. Based upon a comprehensive review of past foundational studies, we present a model whereby NO controls a feedback signaling loop in the conventional outflow pathway that is sensitive to changes in IOP and its oscillations. Thus, upon IOP elevation, the outflow pathway tissues distend, and the SC lumen narrows resulting in increased SC endothelial shear stress and stretch. In response, SC cells upregulate the production of NO, relaxing neighboring TM cells and increasing permeability of SC's inner wall. These IOP-dependent changes in the outflow pathway tissues reduce the resistance to aqueous humor drainage and lower IOP, which, in turn, diminishes the biomechanical signaling on SC. Similar to cardiovascular pathogenesis, dysregulation of the eNOS/NO system leads to dysfunctional outflow regulation and ocular hypertension, eventually resulting in primary open-angle glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Louis R Pasquale
- Eye and Vision Research Institute of New York Eye and Ear Infirmary at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Darryl R Overby
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - W Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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8
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Shamsaldeen YA, Lione LA, Benham CD. Dysregulation of TRPV4, eNOS and caveolin-1 contribute to endothelial dysfunction in the streptozotocin rat model of diabetes. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173441. [PMID: 32810492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a common complication in diabetes in which endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation is impaired. The aim of this study was to examine the involvement of the TRPV4 ion channel in type 1 diabetic endothelial dysfunction and the possible association of endothelial dysfunction with reduced expression of TRPV4, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and caveolin-1. Male Wistar rats (350-450 g) were injected with 65 mg/kg i.p. streptozotocin (STZ) or vehicle. Endothelial function was investigated in aortic rings and mesenteric arteries using organ bath and myograph, respectively. TRPV4 function was studied with fura-2 calcium imaging in endothelial cells cultured from aortas from control and STZ treated rats. TRPV4, caveolin-1 and eNOS expression was investigated in these cells using immunohistochemistry. STZ-treated diabetic rats showed significant endothelial dysfunction characterised by impaired muscarinic-induced vasorelaxation (aortic rings: STZ-diabetics: Emax = 29.6 ± 9.3%; control: Emax = 77.2 ± 2.5% P˂0.001), as well as significant impairment in TRPV4-induced vasorelaxation (aortic rings, 4αPDD STZ-diabetics: Emax = 56.0 ± 5.5%; control: Emax = 81.1 ± 2.1% P˂0.001). Furthermore, STZ-diabetic primary aortic endothelial cells showed a significant reduction in TRPV4-induced intracellular calcium elevation (P˂0.05) compared with the control group. This was associated with significantly lower expression of TRPV4, caveolin-1 and eNOS and this was reversed by insulin treatment of the endothelial cultures from STZ -diabetic rats. Taken together, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that signalling through TRPV4, caveolin-1, and eNOS is downregulated in STZ-diabetic aortic endothelial cells and restored by insulin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousif A Shamsaldeen
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK; Department of Pharmacy, Kuwait Hospital, Sabah Alsalem, 44001, Kuwait.
| | - Lisa A Lione
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Christopher D Benham
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
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9
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Abushamat LA, McClatchey PM, Scalzo RL, Schauer I, Huebschmann AG, Nadeau KJ, Liu Z, Regensteiner JG, Reusch JEB. Mechanistic Causes of Reduced Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Type 2 Diabetes. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa063. [PMID: 32666009 PMCID: PMC7334033 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been rising in prevalence in the United States and worldwide over the past few decades and contributes to significant morbidity and premature mortality, primarily due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a modifiable cardiovascular (CV) risk factor in the general population and in people with T2D. Young people and adults with T2D have reduced CRF when compared with their peers without T2D who are similarly active and of similar body mass index. Furthermore, the impairment in CRF conferred by T2D is greater in women than in men. Various factors may contribute to this abnormality in people with T2D, including insulin resistance and mitochondrial, vascular, and cardiac dysfunction. As proof of concept that understanding the mediators of impaired CRF in T2D can inform intervention, we previously demonstrated that an insulin sensitizer improved CRF in adults with T2D. This review focuses on how contributing factors influence CRF and why they may be compromised in T2D. Functional exercise capacity is a measure of interrelated systems biology; as such, the contribution of derangement in each of these factors to T2D-mediated impairment in CRF is complex and varied. Therefore, successful approaches to improve CRF in T2D should be multifaceted and individually designed. The current status of this research and future directions are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla A Abushamat
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Rebecca L Scalzo
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Rocky Mountain Regional VA, Aurora, Colorado.,Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Irene Schauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Rocky Mountain Regional VA, Aurora, Colorado.,Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Amy G Huebschmann
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kristen J Nadeau
- Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Judith G Regensteiner
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jane E B Reusch
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Rocky Mountain Regional VA, Aurora, Colorado.,Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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10
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Radulović S, Gottschalk B, Hörl G, Zardoya-Laguardia P, Schilcher I, Hallström S, Vujić N, Schmidt K, Trieb M, Graier WF, Malli R, Kratky D, Marsche G, Frank S. Endothelial lipase increases eNOS activating capacity of high-density lipoprotein. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158612. [PMID: 31923467 PMCID: PMC7116681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial lipase (EL) changes structural and functional properties of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL is a relevant modulator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, but the effect of EL on HDL induced eNOS-activation has not yet been investigated. Here, we examined the impact of EL-modified HDL (EL-HDL) on eNOS activity, subcellular trafficking, and eNOS- dependent vasorelaxation. EL-HDL and empty virus (EV)-HDL as control were isolated from human serum incubated with EL-overexpressing or EV infected HepG2 cells. EL-HDL exhibited higher capacity to induce eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 and eNOS activity in EA.hy 926 cells, as well as eNOS-dependent vasorelaxation of mouse aortic rings compared to control HDL. As revealed by confocal and structured illumination-microscopy EL-HDL-driven induction of eNOS was accompanied by an increased eNOS-GFP targeting to the plasma membrane and a lower eNOS-GFP colocalization with Golgi and mitochondria. Widefield microscopy of filipin stained cells revealed that EL-HDL lowered cellular free cholesterol (FC) and as found by thin-layer chromatography increased cellular cholesterol ester (CE) content. Additionally, cholesterol efflux capacity, acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase activity, and HDL particle uptake were comparable between EL-HDL and control HDL. In conclusion, EL increases eNOS activating capacity of HDL, a phenomenon accompanied by an enrichment of the plasma membrane eNOS pool, a decreased cell membrane FC and increased cellular CE content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snježana Radulović
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Benjamin Gottschalk
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Hörl
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Pablo Zardoya-Laguardia
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Irene Schilcher
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nemanja Vujić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kurt Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Trieb
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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11
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Bonds JA, Shetti A, Bheri A, Chen Z, Disouky A, Tai L, Mao M, Head BP, Bonini MG, Haus JM, Minshall RD, Lazarov O. Depletion of Caveolin-1 in Type 2 Diabetes Model Induces Alzheimer's Disease Pathology Precursors. J Neurosci 2019; 39:8576-8583. [PMID: 31527120 PMCID: PMC6807274 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0730-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for the development of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism underlying the development of late-onset AD is largely unknown. Here we show that levels of the endothelial-enriched protein caveolin-1 (Cav-1) are reduced in the brains of T2DM patients compared with healthy aging, and inversely correlated with levels of β-amyloid (Aβ). Depletion of Cav-1 is recapitulated in the brains of db/db (Leprdb ) diabetic mice and corresponds with recognition memory deficits as well as the upregulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), BACE-1, a trending increase in β-amyloid Aβ42/40 ratio and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) species. Importantly, we show that restoration of Cav-1 levels in the brains of male db/db mice using adenovirus overexpressing Cav-1 (AAV-Cav-1) rescues learning and memory deficits and reduces pathology (i.e., APP, BACE-1 and p-tau levels). Knocking down Cav-1 using shRNA in HEK cells expressing the familial AD-linked APPswe mutant variant upregulates APP, APP carboxyl terminal fragments, and Aβ levels. In turn, rescue of Cav-1 levels restores APP metabolism. Together, these results suggest that Cav-1 regulates APP metabolism, and that depletion of Cav-1 in T2DM promotes the amyloidogenic processing of APP and hyperphosphorylation of tau. This may suggest that depletion of Cav-1 in T2DM underlies, at least in part, the development of AD and imply that restoration of Cav-1 may be a therapeutic target for diabetic-associated sporadic AD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT More than 95% of the Alzheimer's patients have the sporadic late-onset form (LOAD). The cause for late-onset Alzheimer's disease is unknown. Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus have considerably higher incidence of cognitive decline and AD compared with the general population, suggesting a common mechanism. Here we show that the expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is reduced in the brain in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. In turn, reduced Cav-1 levels induce AD-associated neuropathology and learning and memory deficits. Restoration of Cav-1 levels rescues these deficits. This study unravels signals underlying LOAD and suggests that restoration of Cav-1 may be an effective therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Leon Tai
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology
| | | | - Brian P Head
- Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92103
| | - Marcelo G Bonini
- Departments of Medicine and Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Jacob M Haus
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Anesthesiology,
- Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
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12
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Cift T, Begum AM, Aslan Cetin B, Erenel H, Tuten A, Bulut B, Yilmaz N, Ekmekci H, Gezer A. Serum caveolin-1 levels in patients with preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 33:712-717. [PMID: 30249137 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1500539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The expressions of caveolin-1 have only been examined in the placental tissue of patients with preeclampsia and were reported to be low. Therefore, we decided to investigate the maternal serum levels of caveolin-1 in patients with preeclampsia.Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted including 87 pregnant women; 32 with normal pregnancy and 55 with preeclampsia. Maternal serum levels of caveolin-1 were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (ELISA).Results: The mean serum caveolin-1 level was significantly lower in women with preeclampsia (PE) compared with the control group (11.48 ± 0.92 versus 12.94 ± 1.36 ng/ml) and being lowest in the early onset PE group (11.24 ± 0.74 ng/ml). Serum caveolin-1 concentrations did not correlate with maternal age and BMI. However, caveolin-1 concentrations were negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = -0.467, p = .001) and diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.441, p = .001) as well as with umbilical artery resistance index (r = -0.275, p = .01).Conclusion: Maternal serum caveolin-1 levels are significantly lower in patients with PE than controls. The serum caveolin-1 levels inversely correlate with blood pressure and umbilical artery Doppler parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayfur Cift
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Aydogan Mathyk Begum
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Berna Aslan Cetin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Erenel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Tuten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berk Bulut
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liv Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevin Yilmaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Ekmekci
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Altay Gezer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Shamsaldeen YA, Ugur R, Benham CD, Lione LA. Diabetic dyslipidaemia is associated with alterations in eNOS, caveolin-1, and endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin treated rats. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2018; 34:e2995. [PMID: 29471582 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a complex progressive disease characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia associated with endothelial dysfunction. Oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) is elevated in diabetes and may contribute to endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to relate the serum levels of Ox-LDL with endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats and to further explore the changes in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and caveolin-1 (CAV-1) expression in primary aortic endothelial cells. METHODS Diabetes was induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ in male Wistar rats. During the hyperglycaemic diabetes state serum lipid markers, aortic relaxation and aortic endothelial cell eNOS and CAV-1 protein expressions were measured. RESULTS Elevated serum Ox-LDL (STZ 1486 ± 78.1 pg/mL vs control 732.6 ± 160.6 pg/mL, P < .05) was associated with hyperglycaemia (STZ 29 ± 0.9 mmol/L vs control: 7.2 ± 0.2 mmol/L, P < .001) and hypertriglyceridaemia (STZ 9.0 ± 1.5 mmol/L vs control: 3.0 ± 0.3 mmol/L, P < .01) in diabetic rats. A significant reduction was observed in STZ-diabetic aortic endothelial cell eNOS and CAV-1 of 40% and 30%, respectively, accompanied by a compromised STZ-diabetic carbachol-induced vasodilation (STZ 29.6 ± 9.3% vs control 77.2 ± 2.5%, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The elevated serum Ox-LDL in hyperglycaemic STZ-diabetic rats may contribute to diabetic endothelial dysfunction, possibly through downregulation of endothelial CAV-1 and eNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousif A Shamsaldeen
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, UK
| | - Rosemary Ugur
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, UK
| | - Christopher D Benham
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, UK
| | - Lisa A Lione
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, UK
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14
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Ghavampour S, Kleefeldt F, Bömmel H, Volland J, Paus A, Horst A, Pfeiffer V, Hübner S, Wagner N, Rueckschloss U, Ergün S. Endothelial barrier function is differentially regulated by CEACAM1-mediated signaling. FASEB J 2018; 32:5612-5625. [PMID: 29746166 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800331r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-1 (CEACAM1) is known to be crucial to vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Recently, CEACAM1 deficiency was shown to result in the formation of aortic plaque-like lesions, indicating a role for CEACAM1 in adult vessels as well. The underlying mechanisms remained largely elusive. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the role of CEACAM1 in endothelial homeostasis. Here, we show that CEACAM1 deficiency causes subcellular eNOS redistribution in endothelial cells ( i.e., by eNOS depalmitoylation) and alters endothelial glycocalyx that confers antiadhesive properties to the endothelium ( i.e., by repression of glycocalyx-degrading enzymes). Accordingly, our analysis revealed an increased leukocyte-endothelial interaction in CEACAM1-deficient endothelium. In addition, CEACAM1 age dependently modulated basal and TNF-α-mediated endothelial barrier (EB) leakiness. In younger mice, CEACAM1 was protective for EB, whereas in aged mice it promoted EB leakiness. EB function depends on interendothelial adherence junctions formed by β-catenin/vascular endothelial-cadherin complexes. We show here that CEACAM1 influenced basal and TNF-α-mediated phosphorylation of β-catenin and caveolin-1, which are essential players in EB modulation. Both increased adhesiveness to leukocytes and EB modulation due to CEACAM1 deficiency may facilitate inflammatory cell transmigration into the vascular wall and subsequent plaque formation. Collectively, these results identify a crucial role for CEACAM1 in endothelial homeostasis of adult blood vessels.-Ghavampour, S., Kleefeldt, F., Bömmel, H., Volland, J., Paus, A., Horst, A., Pfeiffer, V., Hübner, S., Wagner, N., Rueckschloss, U., Ergün, S. Endothelial barrier function is differentially regulated by CEACAM1-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharang Ghavampour
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Kleefeldt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Bömmel
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Volland
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Paus
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; and
| | - Andrea Horst
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Verena Pfeiffer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hübner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Wagner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Rueckschloss
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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15
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Chen Z, D S Oliveira S, Zimnicka AM, Jiang Y, Sharma T, Chen S, Lazarov O, Bonini MG, Haus JM, Minshall RD. Reciprocal regulation of eNOS and caveolin-1 functions in endothelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1190-1202. [PMID: 29563255 PMCID: PMC5935069 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-01-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that the maintenance of vascular homeostasis is critically dependent on the expression and reciprocal regulation of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells (ECs). Skeletal muscle biopsies from subjects with type 2 diabetes showed 50% less Cav-1 and eNOS than those from lean healthy controls. The Cav-1:eNOS expression ratio was 200:1 in primary culture human ECs. Cav-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced eNOS protein and gene expression in association with a twofold increase in eNOS phosphorylation and nitrate production per molecule of eNOS, which was reversed in cells overexpressing Adv-Cav-1-GFP. Upon addition of the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 to activate eNOS, we observed eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation, its translocation to β-catenin-positive cell–cell junctions, and increased colocalization of eNOS and Cav-1 within 5 min. We also observed Cav-1 S-nitrosylation and destabilization of Cav-1 oligomers in cells treated with A23187 as well as insulin or albumin, and this could be blocked by L-NAME, PP2, or eNOS siRNA. Finally, caveola-mediated endocytosis of albumin or insulin was reduced by Cav-1 or eNOS siRNA, and the effect of Cav-1 siRNA was rescued by Adv-Cav-1-GFP. Thus, Cav-1 stabilizes eNOS expression and regulates its activity, whereas eNOS-derived NO promotes caveola-mediated endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Chen
- Departments of aAnesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Suellen D S Oliveira
- Departments of aAnesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | | | - Ying Jiang
- Departments of aAnesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Tiffany Sharma
- Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Stone Chen
- Whitney M. Young Magnet High School, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Orly Lazarov
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | | | - Jacob M Haus
- Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Departments of aAnesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612.,Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
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16
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Barrett EJ, Liu Z, Khamaisi M, King GL, Klein R, Klein BEK, Hughes TM, Craft S, Freedman BI, Bowden DW, Vinik AI, Casellini CM. Diabetic Microvascular Disease: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:4343-4410. [PMID: 29126250 PMCID: PMC5718697 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes adversely affect the microvasculature in multiple organs. Our understanding of the genesis of this injury and of potential interventions to prevent, limit, or reverse injury/dysfunction is continuously evolving. This statement reviews biochemical/cellular pathways involved in facilitating and abrogating microvascular injury. The statement summarizes the types of injury/dysfunction that occur in the three classical diabetes microvascular target tissues, the eye, the kidney, and the peripheral nervous system; the statement also reviews information on the effects of diabetes and insulin resistance on the microvasculature of skin, brain, adipose tissue, and cardiac and skeletal muscle. Despite extensive and intensive research, it is disappointing that microvascular complications of diabetes continue to compromise the quantity and quality of life for patients with diabetes. Hopefully, by understanding and building on current research findings, we will discover new approaches for prevention and treatment that will be effective for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene J. Barrett
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Mogher Khamaisi
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - George L. King
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Barbara E. K. Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Timothy M. Hughes
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Barry I. Freedman
- Divisions of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Centers for Diabetes Research, and Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Donald W. Bowden
- Divisions of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Centers for Diabetes Research, and Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Aaron I. Vinik
- EVMS Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical Center, Norfolk, Virginia 23510
| | - Carolina M. Casellini
- EVMS Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical Center, Norfolk, Virginia 23510
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17
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Caveolin-1: An Oxidative Stress-Related Target for Cancer Prevention. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7454031. [PMID: 28546853 PMCID: PMC5436035 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7454031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant oxidative metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Reactive species overproduction could promote carcinogenesis via inducing genetic mutations and activating oncogenic pathways, and thus, antioxidant therapy was considered as an important strategy for cancer prevention and treatment. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a constituent protein of caveolae, has been shown to mediate tumorigenesis and progression through oxidative stress modulation recently. Reactive species could modulate the expression, degradation, posttranslational modifications, and membrane trafficking of Cav-1, while Cav-1-targeted treatments could scavenge the reactive species. More importantly, emerging evidences have indicated that multiple antioxidants could exert antitumor activities in cancer cells and protective activities in normal cells by modulating the Cav-1 pathway. Altogether, these findings indicate that Cav-1 may be a promising oxidative stress-related target for cancer antioxidant prevention. Elucidating the underlying interaction mechanisms between oxidative stress and Cav-1 is helpful for enhancing the preventive effects of antioxidants on cancer, for improving clinical outcomes of antioxidant-related therapeutics in cancer patients, and for developing Cav-1 targeted drugs. Herein, we summarize the available evidence of the roles of Cav-1 and oxidative stress in tumorigenesis and development and shed novel light on designing strategies for cancer prevention or treatment by utilizing the interaction mode between Cav-1 and oxidative stress.
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18
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Ramipril restores PPARβ/δ and PPARγ expressions and reduces cardiac NADPH oxidase but fails to restore cardiac function and accompanied myosin heavy chain ratio shift in severe anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy in rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:244-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Ritter LR, Chrestensen CA, Salerno JC. A mathematical model of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation with time delay exhibiting Hopf bifurcation and oscillations. Math Biosci 2016; 281:62-73. [PMID: 27614021 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous compound that serves as a signaling molecule in cellular interactions. In the vasculature, NO is synthesized from endogenous agents by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) where it plays key roles in several functions related to homeostasis, adaptation, and development. Recent experimental studies have revealed cycles of increasing and decreasing NO production when eNOS is stimulated by factors such as glucose or insulin. We offer a mathematical model of a generic amino acid receptor site on eNOS wherein this species is subject to activation/deactivation by a pair of interactive kinase and phosphatase species. The enzyme kinetic model is presented as a system of ordinary differential equations including time delay to allow for various intermediate, unspecified complexes. We show that under conditions on the model parameters, varying the delay time may give rise to a Hopf bifurcation. Properties of the bifurcating solutions are explored via a center manifold reduction, and a numerical illustration is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Ritter
- Department of Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, 1100 S. Marietta Pkwy, MD #9085, Marietta, GA 30060, USA.
| | - C A Chrestensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA.
| | - J C Salerno
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
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King GL, Park K, Li Q. Selective Insulin Resistance and the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases in Diabetes: The 2015 Edwin Bierman Award Lecture. Diabetes 2016; 65:1462-71. [PMID: 27222390 PMCID: PMC4878431 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Edwin Bierman Award Lecture is presented in honor of the memory of Edwin L. Bierman, MD, an exemplary scientist, mentor, and leader in the field of diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis. The award and lecture recognizes a leading scientist in the field of macrovascular complications and contributing risk factors in diabetes. George L. King, MD, of the Section of Vascular Cell Biology and Complications, Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, received the prestigious award at the American Diabetes Association's 75th Scientific Sessions, 5-9 June 2015, in Boston, MA. He presented the Edwin Bierman Award Lecture, "Selective Insulin Resistance and the Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes," on Sunday, 7 June 2015.This review is focused on the factors and potential mechanisms that are causing various cardiovascular pathologies. In diabetes, insulin's actions on the endothelium and other vascular cells have significant influence on systemic metabolisms and the development of cardiovascular pathologies. Our studies showed that insulin receptors on the endothelium are important for insulin transport across the endothelial barrier and mediate insulin's actions in muscle, heart, fat, and the brain. Insulin actions on the vascular cells are mediated by two pathways involving the actions of either IRS/PI3K/Akt or Grb/Shc/MAPK. Insulin's activation of IRS/PI3K/Akt results in mostly antiatherogenic actions, as this pathway induces activation of eNOS, the expressions of HO-1 and VEGF, and the reduction of VCAM-1. In contrast, insulin's activation of the Grb/Shc/MAPK pathway mediates the expressions of ET-1 and PAI-1 and migration and proliferation of contractile cells, which have proatherogenic actions. Elevated levels of glucose, free fatty acids, and inflammatory cytokines due to diabetes and insulin resistance selectively inhibit insulin's antiatherogenic actions via the IRS/PI3K/Akt pathway. This review provides evidence to support the importance of insulin actions in preventing cardiovascular pathology that can be selectively inhibited via the IRS/PI3K/Akt cascade in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- George L King
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology and Complications, Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kyoungmin Park
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology and Complications, Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Qian Li
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology and Complications, Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Wang H, Wang AX, Aylor K, Barrett EJ. Caveolin-1 phosphorylation regulates vascular endothelial insulin uptake and is impaired by insulin resistance in rats. Diabetologia 2015; 58:1344-53. [PMID: 25748795 PMCID: PMC4417063 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS As insulin entry into muscle interstitium is rate-limiting for its overall peripheral action, defining the route and regulation of its entry is critical. Caveolin-1 is required for caveola formation in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and for EC insulin uptake. Whether this requirement reflects simply the need for caveola availability or involves a more active role for caveolae/caveolin-1 is not known. Here, we examined the role of insulin-stimulated tyrosine 14 (Tyr(14))-caveolin-1 phosphorylation in mediating EC insulin uptake and the role of cellular Src-kinase (cSrc), TNF-α/IL-6 and high fat diet (HFD) in regulating this process. METHODS Freshly isolated ECs from normal or HFD-fed rats and/or cultured ECs were treated with FITC-labelled or regular insulin with or without a Src or phosphotidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor, TNF-α or IL-6, or transfecting FLAG-tagged wild-type (WT) or mutant (Y14F) caveolin-1. Tyr(14)-caveolin-1/Tyr(416) cSrc phosphorylation and FITC-insulin uptake were quantified by immunostaining and/or western blots. RESULTS Insulin stimulated Tyr(14)-caveolin-1 phosphorylation during EC insulin uptake. Inhibiting cSrc, but not phosphotidylinositol-3-kinase, reduced insulin-stimulated caveolin-1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, inhibiting cSrc reduced FITC-insulin uptake by ∼50%. Overexpression of caveolin-1Y14F inhibited, while overexpression of WT caveolin-1 increased, FITC-insulin uptake. Exposure of ECs to TNF-α or IL-6, or to 1-week HFD feeding eliminated insulin-stimulated caveolin-1 phosphorylation and inhibited FITC-insulin uptake to a similar extent. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Insulin stimulation of its own uptake requires caveolin-1 phosphorylation and Src-kinase activity. HFD in vivo and proinflammatory cytokines in vitro both inhibit this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, 450 Ray C. Hunt Drive, Box 801410, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA,
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22
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Jin X, Sun Y, Xu J, Liu W. Caveolin-1 mediates tissue plasminogen activator-induced MMP-9 up-regulation in cultured brain microvascular endothelial cells. J Neurochem 2015; 132:724-30. [PMID: 25683686 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) increases matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity in the ischemic brain, which exacerbates blood-brain barrier injury and increases the risk of symptomatic cerebral hemorrhage. The mechanism through which tPA enhances MMP-9 activity is not well understood. Here we report an important role of caveolin-1 in mediating tPA-induced MMP-9 synthesis. Brain microvascular endothelial cell line bEnd3 cells were incubated with 5 or 20 μg/ml tPA for 24 hrs before analyzing MMP-9 levels in the conditioned media and cellular extracts by gelatin zymography. tPA at a dose of 20 μg/mL tPA, but not 5 μg/mL, significantly increased MMP-9 level in cultured media while decreasing it in cellular extracts. Concurrently, tPA treatment induced a 2.3-fold increase of caveolin-1 protein levels in endothelial cells. Interestingly, knockdown of Cav-1 with siRNA inhibited tPA-induced MMP-9 mRNA up-regulation and MMP-9 increase in the conditioned media, but did not affect MMP-9 decrease in cellular extracts. These results suggest that caveolin-1 critically contributes to tPA-mediated MMP-9 up-regulation, but may not facilitate MMP-9 secretion in endothelial cells. Thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) increases matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity in the ischemic brain, which exacerbates ischemic blood brain barrier (BBB) injury and increases the risk of symptomatic cerebral hemorrhage. Our results suggest a novel mechanism underlying this tPA-MMP 9 axis. In response to tPA treatment, caveolin-1 protein levels increased in endothelial cells, which mediate MMP-9 mRNA up-regulation and its secretion into extracellular space. Caveolin-1 may, however, not facilitate MMP-9 secretion in endothelial cells. Our data suggest caveolin-1 as a novel therapeutic target for protecting the BBB against ischemic damage. The schematic outlines tPA-induced MMP-9 upreguation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchun Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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23
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Wagenmakers AJM, Strauss JA, Shepherd SO, Keske MA, Cocks M. Increased muscle blood supply and transendothelial nutrient and insulin transport induced by food intake and exercise: effect of obesity and ageing. J Physiol 2015; 594:2207-22. [PMID: 25627798 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.284513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review concludes that a sedentary lifestyle, obesity and ageing impair the vasodilator response of the muscle microvasculature to insulin, exercise and VEGF-A and reduce microvascular density. Both impairments contribute to the development of insulin resistance, obesity and chronic age-related diseases. A physically active lifestyle keeps both the vasodilator response and microvascular density high. Intravital microscopy has shown that microvascular units (MVUs) are the smallest functional elements to adjust blood flow in response to physiological signals and metabolic demands on muscle fibres. The luminal diameter of a common terminal arteriole (TA) controls blood flow through up to 20 capillaries belonging to a single MVU. Increases in plasma insulin and exercise/muscle contraction lead to recruitment of additional MVUs. Insulin also increases arteriolar vasomotion. Both mechanisms increase the endothelial surface area and therefore transendothelial transport of glucose, fatty acids (FAs) and insulin by specific transporters, present in high concentrations in the capillary endothelium. Future studies should quantify transporter concentration differences between healthy and at risk populations as they may limit nutrient supply and oxidation in muscle and impair glucose and lipid homeostasis. An important recent discovery is that VEGF-B produced by skeletal muscle controls the expression of FA transporter proteins in the capillary endothelium and thus links endothelial FA uptake to the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle, potentially preventing lipotoxic FA accumulation, the dominant cause of insulin resistance in muscle fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton J M Wagenmakers
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Juliette A Strauss
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Sam O Shepherd
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Michelle A Keske
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Matthew Cocks
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
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24
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Zhu JQ, Song WS, Hu Z, Ye QF, Liang YB, Kang LY. Traditional Chinese medicine's intervention in endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation and nitric oxide synthesis in cardiovascular system. Chin J Integr Med 2015. [PMID: 25666326 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-1964-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most dangerous diseases which has become a major cause of human death. Many researches evidenced that nitric oxide (NO)/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) system plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of CVD. NO, an important signaling molecule, closely associated with the regulation of vasodilatation, blood rheology, blood clotting and other physiological and pathological processes. The synthesis of NO in the endothelial cells primarily depends on the eNOS activity, thus the exploration of the mechanisms and effects of the eNOS activation on NO production is of great significance. Recently, studies on the effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its extracts on eNOS activation and NO synthesis have gradually attracted more and more attentions. In this paper, we reviewed the mechanisms of NO synthesis and eNOS activation in the vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and intervention of TCM, so as to provide reference and train of thought to the intensive study of NO/eNOS system and the research and development of new drug for the treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medical Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
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25
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Guerrero-Hernandez A, Gallegos-Gomez ML, Sanchez-Vazquez VH, Lopez-Mendez MC. Acidic intracellular Ca(2+) stores and caveolae in Ca(2+) signaling and diabetes. Cell Calcium 2014; 56:323-31. [PMID: 25182518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acidic Ca(2+) stores, particularly lysosomes, are newly discovered players in the well-orchestrated arena of Ca(2+) signaling and we are at the verge of understanding how lysosomes accumulate Ca(2+) and how they release it in response to different chemical, such as NAADP, and physical signals. Additionally, it is now clear that lysosomes play a key role in autophagy, a process that allows cells to recycle components or to eliminate damaged structures to ensure cellular well-being. Moreover, lysosomes are being unraveled as hubs that coordinate both anabolism via insulin signaling and catabolism via AMPK. These acidic vesicles have close contact with the ER and there is a bidirectional movement of information between these two organelles that exquisitely regulates cell survival. Lysosomes also connect with plasma membrane where caveolae are located as specialized regions involved in Ca(2+) and insulin signaling. Alterations of all these signaling pathways are at the core of insulin resistance and diabetes.
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26
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Shvets E, Ludwig A, Nichols BJ. News from the caves: update on the structure and function of caveolae. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2014; 29:99-106. [PMID: 24908346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent data from the study of the cell biology of caveolae have provided insights both into how these flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane are formed and how they may function in different contexts. This review discusses experiments that analyse the composition and ultrastructural distribution of protein complexes responsible for generating caveolae, that suggest functions for caveolae in response to mechanical stress or damage to the plasma membrane, that show that caveolae may have an important role during the signalling events for regulation of metabolism, and that imply that caveolae can act as endocytic vesicles at the plasma membrane. We also highlight unexpected roles for caveolar proteins in regulating circadian rhythms and new insights into the way in which caveolae may be involved in fatty acid uptake in the intestine. Current outstanding questions in the field are emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Ludwig
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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27
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Grenon SM, Jeanne M, Aguado-Zuniga J, Conte MS, Hughes-Fulford M. Effects of gravitational mechanical unloading in endothelial cells: association between caveolins, inflammation and adhesion molecules. Sci Rep 2014; 3:1494. [PMID: 23511048 PMCID: PMC3603133 DOI: 10.1038/srep01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces including gravity affect endothelial cell (ECs) function, and have been implicated in vascular disease as well as physiologic changes associated with low gravity environments. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of gravitational mechanical unloading on ECs phenotype as determined by patterns of gene expression. Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells were exposed to 1-gravity environment or mechanical unloading (MU) for 24 hours, with or without periods of mechanical loading (ML). MU led to a significant decrease in gene expression of several adhesion molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines. On the contrary, eNOS, Caveolin-1 and -2 expression were significantly increased with MU. There was a decrease in the length and width of the cells with MU. Addition of ML during the MU period was sufficient to reverse the changes triggered by MU. Our results suggest that gravitational loading could dramatically affect vascular endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marlene Grenon
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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28
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Shiroto T, Romero N, Sugiyama T, Sartoretto JL, Kalwa H, Yan Z, Shimokawa H, Michel T. Caveolin-1 is a critical determinant of autophagy, metabolic switching, and oxidative stress in vascular endothelium. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87871. [PMID: 24498385 PMCID: PMC3912129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 is a scaffolding/regulatory protein that interacts with diverse signaling molecules. Caveolin-1null mice have marked metabolic abnormalities, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. We found the redox stress plasma biomarker plasma 8-isoprostane was elevated in caveolin-1null mice, and discovered that siRNA-mediated caveolin-1 knockdown in endothelial cells promoted significant increases in intracellular H2O2. Mitochondrial ROS production was increased in endothelial cells after caveolin-1 knockdown; 2-deoxy-D-glucose attenuated this increase, implicating caveolin-1 in control of glycolytic pathways. We performed unbiased metabolomic characterizations of endothelial cell lysates following caveolin-1 knockdown, and discovered strikingly increased levels (up to 30-fold) of cellular dipeptides, consistent with autophagy activation. Metabolomic analyses revealed that caveolin-1 knockdown led to a decrease in glycolytic intermediates, accompanied by an increase in fatty acids, suggesting a metabolic switch. Taken together, these results establish that caveolin-1 plays a central role in regulation of oxidative stress, metabolic switching, and autophagy in the endothelium, and may represent a critical target in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shiroto
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Natalia Romero
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Toru Sugiyama
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Juliano L. Sartoretto
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hermann Kalwa
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zhonghua Yan
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Thomas Michel
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Insulin resistance strongly associates with decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and endothelial dysfunction. In the vasculature, NO mediates multiple processes that affect insulin delivery, including dilating both resistance and terminal arterioles in skeletal muscle in vivo. However, whether NO directly regulates vascular endothelial cell (EC) insulin uptake and its transendothelial transport (TET) is unknown. We report in this article that L-N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) pretreatment blocked, whereas L-arginine and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) each enhanced, EC uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled insulin. SNP also partly or fully reversed the inhibition of EC insulin uptake caused by L-NAME, wortmannin, the Src inhibitor PP1, and tumor necrosis factor-α. In addition, SNP promoted [(125)I]Tyr(A14)insulin TET by ~40%. Treatment with insulin with and without SNP did not affect EC cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels, and the cGMP analog 8-bromo-cGMP did not affect FITC-insulin uptake. In contrast, treatment with insulin and SNP significantly increased EC protein S-nitrosylation, the colocalization of S-nitrosothiol (S-NO) and protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), and Akt phosphorylation at Ser(473) and inhibited PTP1B activity. Moreover, a high-fat diet significantly inhibited EC insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and FITC-insulin uptake that was partially reversed by SNP in rats. Finally, inhibition of S-nitrosylation by knockdown of thioredoxin-interacting protein completely eliminated SNP-enhanced FITC-insulin uptake. We conclude that NO directly promotes EC insulin transport by enhancing protein S-nitrosylation. NO also inhibits PTP1B activity, thereby enhancing insulin signaling.
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30
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Salt IP. Examining the role of insulin in the regulation of cardiovascular health. Future Cardiol 2013; 9:39-52. [PMID: 23259474 DOI: 10.2217/fca.12.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial body of evidence has reported that insulin has direct actions on the cardiovascular system independent of its systemic effects on plasma glucose or lipids. In particular, insulin regulates endothelial synthesis of the vasoactive mediators nitric oxide and endothelin-1, yet the importance of this in the maintenance of cardiovascular health remains poorly understood. Recent studies using animals with targeted downregulation of insulin signaling in vascular tissues are improving our understanding of the role of insulin in vascular health. This article focuses on the direct actions of insulin in cardiovascular tissues, with particular emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of insulin action on endothelial function. The potential contribution of impaired vascular insulin action to the cardiovascular complications of diabetes will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P Salt
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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31
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Abstract
Vascular endothelium is an important insulin target and plays a pivotal role in the development of metabolic insulin resistance provoked by the Western lifestyle. It acts as a "first-responder" to environmental stimuli such as nutrients, cytokines, chemokines and physical activity and regulates insulin delivery to muscle and adipose tissue and thereby affecting insulin-mediated glucose disposal by these tissues. In addition, it also regulates the delivery of insulin and other appetite regulating signals from peripheral tissues to the central nervous system thus influencing the activity of nuclei that regulate hepatic glucose production, adipose tissue lipolysis and lipogenesis, as well as food consumption. Resistance to insulin's vascular actions therefore broadly impacts tissue function and contribute to metabolic dysregulation. Moreover, vascular insulin resistance negatively impacts vascular health by affecting blood pressure regulation, vessel wall inflammation and atherogenesis thereby contributing to the burden of vascular disease seen with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. In the current review, we examined the evidence that supports the general concept of vascular endothelium as a target of insulin action and discussed the biochemical and physiological consequences of vascular insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene J Barrett
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Wang H, Wang AX, Barrett EJ. Insulin-induced endothelial cell cortical actin filament remodeling: a requirement for trans-endothelial insulin transport. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:1327-38. [PMID: 22734037 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin's trans-endothelial transport (TET) is critical for its metabolic action on muscle and involves trafficking of insulin bound to its receptor (or at high insulin concentrations, the IGF-I receptor) via caveolae. However, whether caveolae-mediated insulin TET involves actin cytoskeleton organization is unknown. Here we address whether insulin regulates actin filament organization in bovine aortic endothelial cells (bAEC) and whether this affects insulin uptake and TET. We found that insulin induced extensive cortical actin filament remodeling within 5 min. This remodeling was inhibited not only by disruption of actin microfilament organization but also by inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) or by disruption of lipid rafts using respective specific inhibitors. Knockdown of either caveolin-1 or Akt using specific small interfering RNA also eliminated the insulin-induced cortical actin filament remodeling. Blocking either actin microfilament organization or PI3K pathway signaling inhibited both insulin uptake and TET. Disruption of actin microfilament organization also reduced the caveolin-1, insulin receptor, and IGF-I receptor located at the plasma membrane. Exposing bAEC for 6 h to either TNFα or IL-6 blocked insulin-induced cortical actin remodeling. Extended exposure (24 h) also inhibited actin expression at both mRNA and protein levels. We conclude that insulin-induced cortical actin filament remodeling in bAEC is required for insulin's TET in a PI3K/Akt and plasma membrane lipid rafts/caveolae-dependent fashion, and proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6 block this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
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Liu YZ, Liu M, Zhang YM, Kang L, Chen PZ, Wang ZF, Feng Y, Zheng JH. Protective effects of rosuvastatin in experimental renal failure rats via improved endothelial function. Biol Res Nurs 2012; 15:356-64. [PMID: 22544519 DOI: 10.1177/1099800411432630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Rosuvastatin is a statin (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A [HMG-CoA] reductase inhibitor) that also serves as an endothelial dysfunction salvager in many disease models. Endothelial dysfunction is assumed to play a pivotal role in the process of chronic renal failure. The authors tested rosuvastatin on a rat model of renal failure with hypertension. Renal failure was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx). Fisher rats were divided into four groups: sham (n = 10), sham + rosuvastatin (n = 10), Nx (n = 9), and Nx + rosuvastatin (n =10). After 4 weeks, the authors determined renal function, lipid profile, and urine albumin excretion, investigated small renal arteries for endothelium function in response to acetylcholine by perfused juxtamedullary nephron technique, and detected intrarenal inflammatory cytokine expression by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. 5/6 Nx significantly increased blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and systolic/diastolic blood pressure, and severe albuminuria developed. The deterioration of renal function, hypertension, and albuminuria were almost normalized by rosuvastatin therapy; in addition, rosuvastatin prevented intrarenal inflammatory cytokine expression and the impaired response to acetylcholine of the renal endothelium. Microscopically, rosuvastatin significantly inhibited the development of progressing renal fibrosis, preserved glomerular structure and tubular integrity, and significantly reduced the degree of tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. In conclusion, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor rosuvastatin can ameliorate markers of endothelium dysfunction and offers a significant protective effect against the development of renal failure caused by 5/6 Nx in rats. Rosuvastatin might, therefore, represent a novel therapeutic agent for chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-zhen Liu
- Department of Nursing, Tongji University Institute of Medical Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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34
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Haines RJ, Corbin KD, Pendleton LC, Meininger CJ, Eichler DC. Insulin transcriptionally regulates argininosuccinate synthase to maintain vascular endothelial function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:9-14. [PMID: 22452988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Diminished vascular endothelial cell nitric oxide (NO) production is a major factor in the complex pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. In this report, we demonstrate that insulin not only maintains endothelial NO production through regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), but also via the regulation of argininosuccinate synthase (AS), which is the rate-limiting step of the citrulline-NO cycle. Using serum starved, cultured vascular endothelial cells, we show that insulin up-regulates AS and eNOS transcription to support NO production. Moreover, we show that insulin enhances NO production in response to physiological cues such as bradykinin. To translate these results to an in vivo model, we show that AS transcription is diminished in coronary endothelial cells isolated from rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Importantly, we demonstrate restoration of AS and eNOS transcription by insulin treatment in STZ-diabetic rats, and show that this restoration was accompanied by improved endothelial function as measured by endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Overall, this report demonstrates, both in cell culture and whole animal studies, that insulin maintains vascular function, in part, through the maintenance of AS transcription, thus ensuring an adequate supply of arginine to maintain vascular endothelial response to physiological cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricci J Haines
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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Chen Z, Bakhshi FR, Shajahan AN, Sharma T, Mao M, Trane A, Bernatchez P, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, Bonini MG, Skidgel RA, Malik AB, Minshall RD. Nitric oxide-dependent Src activation and resultant caveolin-1 phosphorylation promote eNOS/caveolin-1 binding and eNOS inhibition. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:1388-98. [PMID: 22323292 PMCID: PMC3315804 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-09-0811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of caveolin-1–dependent eNOS inactivation is not clear. These studies reveal that NO-mediated Src kinase activation and caveolin-1 phosphorylation promote eNOS binding and inactivation, that is, eNOS negative feedback regulation. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)–mediated NO production plays a critical role in the regulation of vascular function and pathophysiology. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) binding to eNOS holds eNOS in an inactive conformation; however, the mechanism of Cav-1–mediated inhibition of activated eNOS is unclear. Here the role of Src-dependent Cav-1 phosphorylation in eNOS negative feedback regulation is investigated. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and coimmunoprecipitation analyses, we observed increased interaction between eNOS and Cav-1 following stimulation of endothelial cells with thrombin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and Ca2+ ionophore A23187, which is corroborated in isolated perfused mouse lung. The eNOS/Cav-1 interaction is blocked by eNOS inhibitor l-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (hydrochloride) and Src kinase inhibitor 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl) pyrazolo [3, 4-d] pyrimidine. We also observe increased binding of phosphomimicking Y14D-Cav-1 mutant transduced in human embryonic kidney cells overexpressing eNOS and reduced Ca2+-induced NO production compared to cells expressing the phosphodefective Y14F-Cav-1 mutant. Finally, Src FRET biosensor, eNOS small interfering RNA, and NO donor studies demonstrate NO-induced Src activation and Cav-1 phosphorylation at Tyr-14, resulting in increased eNOS/Cav-1 interaction and inhibition of eNOS activity. Taken together, these data suggest that activation of eNOS promotes Src-dependent Cav-1–Tyr-14 phosphorylation and eNOS/Cav-1 binding, that is, eNOS feedback inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Abstract
As insulin's movement from plasma to muscle interstitium is rate limiting for its metabolic action, defining the regulation of this movement is critical. Here, we address whether caveolin-1 is required for the first step of insulin's transendothelial transport, its uptake by vascular endothelial cells (ECs), and whether IL-6 and TNFα affect insulin uptake or caveolin-1 expression. Uptake of FITC-labeled insulin was measured using confocal microscopy in control bovine aortic ECs (bAECs), in bAECs in which caveolin-1 was either knocked down or overexpressed, in murine ECs from caveolin-1(-/-) mice and in bAECs exposed to inflammatory cytokines. Knockdown of caveolin-1 expression in bAECs using specific caveolin-1 siRNA reduced caveolin-1 mRNA and protein expression by ∼ 70%, and reduced FITC-insulin uptake by 67% (P < 0.05 for each). Over-expression of caveolin-1 increased insulin uptake (P < 0.05). Caveolin-1-null mouse aortic ECs did not take up insulin and re-expression of caveolin-1 by transfecting these cells with FLAG-tagged caveolin-1 DNA rescued FITC-insulin uptake. Knockdown of caveolin-1 significantly reduced both insulin receptor protein level and insulin-stimulated Akt1 phosphorylation. Knockdown of caveolin-1 also inhibited insulin-induced caveolin-1 and IGF-1 receptor translocation to the plasma membrane. Compared with controls, IL-6 or TNFα (20 ng/ml for 24 h) inhibited FITC-insulin uptake as well as the expression of caveolin-1 mRNA and protein (P < 0.05 for each). IL-6 or TNFα also significantly reduced plasma membrane-associated caveolin-1. Thus, we conclude that insulin uptake by ECs requires expression of caveolin-1 supporting a role for caveolae mediating insulin uptake. Proinflammatory cytokines may inhibit insulin uptake, at least in part, by inhibiting caveolin-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metablism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 801410, 450 Ray C. Hunt Dr., Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Presley T, Vedam K, Druhan LJ, Ilangovan G. Hyperthermia-induced Hsp90·eNOS preserves mitochondrial respiration in hyperglycemic endothelial cells by down-regulating Glut-1 and up-regulating G6PD activity. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:38194-203. [PMID: 20861020 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.147728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling of NO production from NADPH oxidation by endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) is enhanced in hyperglycemic endothelium, potentially due to dissociation of heat shock proteins 90 (Hsp90), and cellular glucose homeostasis is enhanced by a ROS-induced positive feed back mechanism. In this study we investigated how such an uncoupling impacts oxygen metabolism and how the oxidative phosphorylation can be preserved by heat shock (42 °C for 2 h, hyperthermia) in bovine aortic endothelial cells. Normal and heat-shocked bovine aortic endothelial cells were exposed to normoglycemia (NG, 5.0 mM) or hyperglycemia (30 mM). With hyperglycemia treatment, O(2) consumption rate was reduced (from V(O(2)max) = 7.51 ± 0.54 to 2.35 ± 0.27 mm Hg/min/10(6) cells), whereas in heat-shocked cells, O(2) consumption rate remained unaltered (8.19 ± 1.01 mm Hg/min/10 × 10(6) cells). Heat shock was found to enhance Hsp90/endothelial NOS interactions and produce higher NO. Moreover, ROS generation in the hyperglycemic condition was also reduced in heat-shocked cells. Interestingly, glucose uptake was reduced in heat-shocked cells as a result of decrease in Glut-1 protein level. Glucose phosphate dehydrogenase activity that gives rise to NADPH generation was increased by hyperthermia, and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism was preserved. In conclusion, the present study provides a novel mechanism wherein the reduced oxidative stress in heat-shocked hyperglycemic cells down-regulates Glut-1 and glucose uptake, and fine-tuning of this pathway may be a potential approach to use for therapeutic benefit of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tennille Presley
- Biophysics Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Villanueva C, Giulivi C. Subcellular and cellular locations of nitric oxide synthase isoforms as determinants of health and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:307-16. [PMID: 20388537 PMCID: PMC2900489 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nitric oxide in biological systems depend on its steady-state concentration and where it is being produced. The organ where nitric oxide is produced is relevant, and within the organ, which types of cells are actually contributing to this production seem to play a major determinant of its effect. Subcellular compartmentalization of specific nitric oxide synthase enzymes has been shown to play a major role in health and disease. Pathophysiological conditions affect the cellular expression and localization of nitric oxide synthases, which in turn alter organ cross talk. In this study, we describe the compartmentalization of nitric oxide in organs, cells, and subcellular organelles and how its localization relates to several relevant clinical conditions. Understanding the complexity of the compartmentalization of nitric oxide production and the implications of this compartmentalization in terms of cellular targets and downstream effects will eventually contribute toward the development of better strategies for treating or preventing pathological events associated with the increase, inhibition, or mislocalization of nitric oxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleva Villanueva
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F. 11320
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- Corresponding author: Dr. Cecilia Giulivi, Department of Molecular Biosciences, 1120 Haring Hall, University of California, Davis, CA. 95616, Tel. 530 754 8603, Fax. 530 754 9342,
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Chidlow JH, Sessa WC. Caveolae, caveolins, and cavins: complex control of cellular signalling and inflammation. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 86:219-25. [PMID: 20202978 PMCID: PMC2856194 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are specialized lipid rafts that form flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane. They are involved in cell signalling and transport and have been shown critically regulate vascular reactivity and blood pressure. The organization and functions of caveolae are mediated by coat proteins (caveolins) and support or adapter proteins (cavins). The caveolins, caveolin-1, -2, and -3, form the structural backbone of caveolae. These proteins are also highly integrated into caveolae function and have their own activity independent of caveolae. The cavins, cavins 1-4, are involved in regulation of caveolae and modulate the function of caveolins by promoting the membrane remodelling and trafficking of caveolin-derived structures. The relationships between these different proteins are complex and intersect with many aspects of cell function. Caveolae have also been implicated in chronic inflammatory conditions and other pathologies including atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, muscular dystrophy, and generalized dyslipidaemia. The pathogenic role of the caveolins is an emerging area, however, the roles of cavins in disease is just beginning to be explored. This review will examine the relationship between caveolins and cavins and explore the role of caveolae in inflammatory signalling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William C. Sessa
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, Amistad Research Building, 10 Amistad Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Fleming I. Molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of eNOS. Pflugers Arch 2010; 459:793-806. [PMID: 20012875 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-009-0767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells situated at the interface between blood and the vessel wall play a crucial role in controlling vascular tone and homeostasis, particularly in determining the expression of pro- and anti-atherosclerotic genes. Many of these effects are mediated by changes in the generation and release of the vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) in response to hemodynamic stimuli exerted on the luminal surface of endothelial cells by the streaming blood (shear stress) and the cyclic strain of the vascular wall. The endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) is activated in response to fluid shear stress and numerous agonists via cellular events such as; increased intracellular Ca(2+), interaction with substrate and co-factors, as well as adaptor and regulatory proteins, protein phosphorylation, and through shuttling between distinct sub-cellular domains. Dysregulation of these processes leads to attenuated eNOS activity and reduced NO output which is a characteristic feature of numerous patho-physiological disorders such as diabetes and atherosclerosis. This review summarizes some of the recent findings relating to the molecular events regulating eNOS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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