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Enogieru AB, Iyoha EN. Role of Nitric Oxide, TNF-α and Caspase-3 in Lead Acetate-Exposed Rats Pretreated with Aqueous Rosmarinus officinalis Leaf Extract. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:4021-4031. [PMID: 38012512 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) toxicity is a worldwide significant public health challenge causing several neurological disorders. Reports indicate that plants rich in antioxidants, such as Rosmarinus officinalis (RO), can counteract Pb accumulation and its toxicity in the brain. Due to a dearth of literature evidence demonstrating the protective activity of RO against Pb toxicity, this study investigated such activity in Wistar rats. Thirty-six Wistar rats were allocated into six groups (n=6), namely I (control), II (lead acetate [Pb]; 100 mg/kg b.w.), III (100 mg/kg of RO and 100 mg/kg of Pb), IV (200 mg/kg of RO and 100 mg/kg of Pb), V (100 mg/kg b.w. of RO) and VI (200 mg/kg b.w. of RO). After 28 days, neurobehavioural, antioxidant, lipid peroxidation, apoptotic and inflammatory activities as well as the histology of the cerebellum were evaluated. Body weight, locomotion and exploration as well as antioxidant enzymes were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in Pb-exposed rats when compared to control. Conversely, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and caspase-3 activities were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated in the Pb-exposed rats when compared to control. These parameters were, however, significantly (p<0.05) attenuated in the RO-pretreated rats when compared to Pb-exposed rats. Cerebellar histology of the Pb-exposed rats showed severe degeneration of the Purkinje cells whereas the RO-pretreated rats showed better cerebellar architecture. These findings demonstrate that the neuroprotective activity of RO is facilitated via its effective antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaze Bijou Enogieru
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
| | - Etinosa Nathan Iyoha
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
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2
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Davidson TL, Stevenson RJ. Vulnerability of the Hippocampus to Insults: Links to Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1991. [PMID: 38396670 PMCID: PMC10888241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a critical brain substrate for learning and memory; events that harm the hippocampus can seriously impair mental and behavioral functioning. Hippocampal pathophysiologies have been identified as potential causes and effects of a remarkably diverse array of medical diseases, psychological disorders, and environmental sources of damage. It may be that the hippocampus is more vulnerable than other brain areas to insults that are related to these conditions. One purpose of this review is to assess the vulnerability of the hippocampus to the most prevalent types of insults in multiple biomedical domains (i.e., neuroactive pathogens, neurotoxins, neurological conditions, trauma, aging, neurodegenerative disease, acquired brain injury, mental health conditions, endocrine disorders, developmental disabilities, nutrition) and to evaluate whether these insults affect the hippocampus first and more prominently compared to other brain loci. A second purpose is to consider the role of hippocampal blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown in either causing or worsening the harmful effects of each insult. Recent research suggests that the hippocampal BBB is more fragile compared to other brain areas and may also be more prone to the disruption of the transport mechanisms that act to maintain the internal milieu. Moreover, a compromised BBB could be a factor that is common to many different types of insults. Our analysis indicates that the hippocampus is more vulnerable to insults compared to other parts of the brain, and that developing interventions that protect the hippocampal BBB may help to prevent or ameliorate the harmful effects of many insults on memory and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry L. Davidson
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
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3
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Reuben A, Ward R, Rothbaum AO, Cornelison VL, Huffman S, McTeague LM, Schmidt MG, Specht AJ, Kilpatrick DG. Who tests for lead and why? A 10-year analysis of blood lead screening, follow-up and CNS outcomes in a statewide US healthcare system. Occup Environ Med 2024; 81:101-108. [PMID: 38272665 PMCID: PMC11099936 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2023-109210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine (1) which providers in US healthcare systems order lead tests, why and at what frequency and (2) whether current patient population lead levels are predictive of clinical outcomes. METHODS Retrospective medical record study of all blood lead tests in the Medical University of South Carolina healthcare system 2012-2016 and consequent evidence of central nervous system (CNS)-related disease across a potential 10-year window (2012-2022). RESULTS Across 4 years, 9726 lead tests resulted for 7181 patients (49.0% female; 0-94 years), representing 0.2% of the hospital population. Most tests were for young (76.6%≤age 3) and non-Hispanic black (47.2%) and Hispanic (26.7%) patients. A wide variety of providers ordered tests; however, most were ordered by paediatrics, psychiatry, internal medicine and neurology. Lead levels ranged from ≤2.0 µg/dL (80.8%) to ≥10 µg/dL (0.8%; max 36 µg/dL). 201 children (3.1%) had initial lead levels over the reference value for case management at the time (5.0 µg/dL). Many high level children did not receive follow-up testing in the system (36.3%) and those that did often failed to see levels fall below 5.0 µg/dL (80.1%). Non-Hispanic black and Hispanic patients were more likely to see lead levels stay high or go up over time. Over follow-up, children with high lead levels were more likely to receive new attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder diagnoses and new psychiatric medications. No significant associations were found between lead test results and new CNS diagnoses or medications among adults. CONCLUSIONS Hospital lead testing covers a small portion of patients but includes a wide range of ages, presentations and provider specialities. Lack of lead decline among many paediatric patients suggests there is room to improve provider guidance around when to test and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Reuben
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ralph Ward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Alex O Rothbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vickey L Cornelison
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah Huffman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lisa M McTeague
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Michael G Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Aaron J Specht
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Dean G Kilpatrick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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4
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Islam F, Shohag S, Akhter S, Islam MR, Sultana S, Mitra S, Chandran D, Khandaker MU, Ashraf GM, Idris AM, Emran TB, Cavalu S. Exposure of metal toxicity in Alzheimer’s disease: An extensive review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:903099. [PMID: 36105221 PMCID: PMC9465172 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metals serve important roles in the human body, including the maintenance of cell structure and the regulation of gene expression, the antioxidant response, and neurotransmission. High metal uptake in the nervous system is harmful because it can cause oxidative stress, disrupt mitochondrial function, and impair the activity of various enzymes. Metal accumulation can cause lifelong deterioration, including severe neurological problems. There is a strong association between accidental metal exposure and various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia that causes degeneration in the aged. Chronic exposure to various metals is a well-known environmental risk factor that has become more widespread due to the rapid pace at which human activities are releasing large amounts of metals into the environment. Consequently, humans are exposed to both biometals and heavy metals, affecting metal homeostasis at molecular and biological levels. This review highlights how these metals affect brain physiology and immunity and their roles in creating harmful proteins such as β-amyloid and tau in AD. In addition, we address findings that confirm the disruption of immune-related pathways as a significant toxicity mechanism through which metals may contribute to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Shohag
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Earth and Ocean Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Maritime University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shomaya Akhter
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Earth and Ocean Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Maritime University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sharifa Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Ghulam Md Ashraf, ; Abubakr M. Idris, ; Talha Bin Emran, ; Simona Cavalu,
| | - Abubakr M. Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Ghulam Md Ashraf, ; Abubakr M. Idris, ; Talha Bin Emran, ; Simona Cavalu,
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Ghulam Md Ashraf, ; Abubakr M. Idris, ; Talha Bin Emran, ; Simona Cavalu,
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- *Correspondence: Ghulam Md Ashraf, ; Abubakr M. Idris, ; Talha Bin Emran, ; Simona Cavalu,
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Takeuchi H, Shiota Y, Yaoi K, Taki Y, Nouchi R, Yokoyama R, Kotozaki Y, Nakagawa S, Sekiguchi A, Iizuka K, Hanawa S, Araki T, Miyauchi CM, Sakaki K, Nozawa T, Ikeda S, Yokota S, Magistro D, Sassa Y, Kawashima R. Mercury levels in hair are associated with reduced neurobehavioral performance and altered brain structures in young adults. Commun Biol 2022; 5:529. [PMID: 35655003 PMCID: PMC9163068 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe detrimental effects of high-level mercury exposure on the central nervous system as well as effects of low-level exposure during early development have been established. However, no previous studies have investigated the effects of mercury level on brain morphometry using advance imaging techniques in young adults. Here, utilizing hair analysis which has been advocated as a method for biological monitoring, data of regional gray matter volume (rGMV), regional white matter volume (rWMV), fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), cognitive functions, and depression among 920 healthy young adults in Japan, we showed that greater hair mercury levels were weakly but significantly associated with diminished cognitive performance, particularly on tasks requiring rapid processing (speed measures), lower depressive tendency, lower rGMV in areas of the thalamus and hippocampus, lower rWMV in widespread areas, greater FA in bilaterally distributed white matter areas overlapping with areas of significant rWMV reductions and lower MD of the widely distributed gray and white matter areas particularly in the bilateral frontal lobe and the right basal ganglia. These results suggest that even normal mercury exposure levels in Japan are weakly associated with differences of brain structures and lower neurobehavioral performance and altered mood among young adults.
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Prado-Rico JM, Lee EY, Wang EW, Yanosky JD, Kong L, Chen H, Navas-Acien A, Du G, Lewis MM, Mailman RB, Huang X. Higher R2* in the Red Nucleus Is Associated With Lead Exposure in an Asymptomatic Welder Cohort. Toxicol Sci 2022; 187:345-354. [PMID: 35357496 PMCID: PMC9154244 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead is a nonessential metal and may be a coexposure in welding fumes. Preclinical data indicate lead may affect iron regulation. The current study investigated blood lead concentrations and their association with brain iron accumulation in workers with chronic welding fume exposure, with a focus on iron-rich subcortical regions of the cerebellum and basal ganglia. Occupational exposure, whole blood metal, and brain MRI data were obtained from 29 controls and 42 welders. R2* (1/T2*) and R1 (T1 relaxation rate) values were used to estimate brain iron and manganese content, respectively. Blood metals and brain R2* (in the red nucleus [RN], dentate nucleus, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra) were compared between groups. Associations between brain R2* values and exposure metrics were tested within each group, and analyses were adjusted for potential confounders. Welders had significantly higher levels of whole blood lead, manganese, iron, and copper. Welders also had higher R2* RN (p = .002), but not R1. A 2nd-order polynomial modeled the association between R2* RN and a long-term welding exposure metric. In welders, but not controls, R2* RN was associated positively with whole blood lead (r = 0.54, p = .003), and negatively with whole blood manganese (r = -0.43, p = .02). Higher blood Pb and lower blood Mn independently accounted for variance in high RN R2*. Together, these data suggest that higher RN R2* values may mark lead exposure in welders. Because lead is a known neurotoxicant, additional studies are warranted to confirm this finding, and ascertain its scientific and public/occupational health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Manzieri Prado-Rico
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
| | - Ernest W Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
| | - Jeff D Yanosky
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
| | - Lan Kong
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
| | - Hairong Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
| | - Mechelle M Lewis
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
| | - Richard B Mailman
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
- Department of Radiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
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7
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Gu H, Xu Y, Du N, Yu Y, Zheng W, Du Y. Pb Induces MCP-1 in the Choroid Plexus. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:308. [PMID: 35205174 PMCID: PMC8869661 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is an environmental element that has been implicated in the development of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, innate immune activation contributes to AD pathophysiology. However, the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. The choroid plexus (CP) is not only the site of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production, but also an important location for communication between the circulation and the CSF. In this study, we investigated the involvement of the CP during Pb exposure by evaluating the expression of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). MCP-1 is highly expressed in the CP compared to other CNS tissues. MCP-1 regulates macrophage infiltration and is upregulated in AD brains. Our study revealed that Pb exposure stimulated MCP-1 expression, along with a significantly increased macrophage infiltration into the CP. By using cultured Z310 rat CP cells, Pb exposure stimulated MCP-1 expression in a dose-related fashion and markedly activated both NF-κB and p38 MAP kinase. Interestingly, both SB 203580, a p38 inhibitor, and BAY 11-7082, an NF-κB p65 inhibitor, significantly blocked Pb-induced MCP-1 expression. However, SB203580 did not directly inhibit NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. In conclusion, Pb exposure stimulates MCP-1 expression via the p38 and NF-κB p65 pathways along with macrophage infiltration into the CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Gu
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (H.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yundan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (H.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.)
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Nicole Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA;
| | - Yongqi Yu
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (H.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Yansheng Du
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (H.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Y.)
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8
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Pavilonis B, Cheng Z, Johnson G, Maroko A. Lead, Soils, and Children: An Ecological Analysis of Lead Contamination in Parks and Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Brooklyn, New York. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 82:1-10. [PMID: 34796370 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00902-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although the prevalence of elevated childhood blood lead levels (BLLs) has been declining, there are still an estimated 500,000 children (1 to 5 years) with BLLs above the CDC's reference value (≥ 5 μg/dL). The objective of this study was to evaluate the ecological association between soil lead (Pb) concentrations in greenspaces in Brooklyn, NY and elevated BLLs of children aged 1 to 5 years old. Soil samples (n = 1504) were collected from a wide variety of parks within 43 neighborhood tabulation areas (NTAs) located in Brooklyn, NY, analyzed with a portable XRF with a subset (n = 350), and also analyzed by ICP-MS. Lead concentrations were right skewed with a mean of 160.4 ppm and a median of 113.1 ppm. The Pb concentration range spanned three orders of magnitude with most samples (66.7%) ≥ 80 ppm and 6.7% of samples ≥ 400 ppm. Elevated BLL (≥ 5ug/dL) data on children 1 to 5 years were obtained from the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (2011-2015). Weighted median soil Pb concentrations were calculated for each NTA and stratified into quartiles. The overall median rate of children from 1 to 5 years old with BLLs ≥ 5 µg/dL was 28.6 per 1000; the median rate was highest (p = 0.070) in the fourth quartile (Pb concentrations ≥ 150 ppm) compared to the first quartile (Pb concentrations < 88 ppm), 37.2 vs. 28.3 per 1000, respectively. We then used multivariable linear regression to determine the ecological association between BLL rates and soil Pb concentrations. In the final stepwise multivariable regression model, controlling for known risk factors, there was a significant positive association between soil Pb concentrations and increased childhood BLL rates (beta = 0.0008; p = 0.004). Our findings suggest that there is an ecological association between high soil Pb levels and increased rates of elevated childhood BLLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Pavilonis
- City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, 55 W. 125th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Zhongqi Cheng
- Brooklyn College of The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA
| | - Glen Johnson
- City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, 55 W. 125th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Andrew Maroko
- City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, 55 W. 125th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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9
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Cruz GB, Vasquez MA, Cabañas E, Joseph JN, Skeen JC, Lynch KP, Ahmed I, Khairi EB, Bonitto JR, Clarke EG, Rubi S, Hameed N, Kaur S, Mathew N, Dacius TF, Jose TJ, Handford G, Wolfe S, Feher A, Tidwell K, Tobin J, Ugalde E, Fee S, Choe A, Gillenwater K, Hindi B, Pilout S, Natale NR, Domahoski N, Kent MH, Jacob JC, Lambert KG, Neuwirth LS. Developmental Lead Exposure in Rats Causes Sex-Dependent Changes in Neurobiological and Anxiety-Like Behaviors that Are Improved by Taurine Co-treatment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1370:461-479. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93337-1_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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10
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Marshall AT, McConnell R, Lanphear BP, Thompson WK, Herting MM, Sowell ER. Risk of lead exposure, subcortical brain structure, and cognition in a large cohort of 9- to 10-year-old children. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258469. [PMID: 34648580 PMCID: PMC8516269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead, a toxic metal, affects cognitive development at the lowest measurable concentrations found in children, but little is known about its direct impact on brain development. Recently, we reported widespread decreases in cortical surface area and volume with increased risks of lead exposure, primarily in children of low-income families. METHODS AND FINDINGS We examined associations of neighborhood-level risk of lead exposure with cognitive test performance and subcortical brain volumes. We also examined whether subcortical structure mediated associations between lead risk and cognitive performance. Our analyses employed a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the observational Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. The multi-center ABCD Study used school-based enrollment to recruit a demographically diverse cohort of almost 11,900 9- and 10-year-old children from an initial 22 study sites. The analyzed sample included data from 8,524 typically developing child participants and their parents or caregivers. The primary outcomes and measures were subcortical brain structure, cognitive performance using the National Institutes of Health Toolbox, and geocoded risk of lead exposure. Children who lived in neighborhoods with greater risks of environmental lead exposure exhibited smaller volumes of the mid-anterior (partial correlation coefficient [rp] = -0.040), central (rp = -0.038), and mid-posterior corpus callosum (rp = -0.035). Smaller volumes of these three callosal regions were associated with poorer performance on cognitive tests measuring language and processing speed. The association of lead exposure risk with cognitive performance was partially mediated through callosal volume, particularly the mid-posterior corpus callosum. In contrast, neighborhood-level indicators of disadvantage were not associated with smaller volumes of these brain structures. CONCLUSIONS Environmental factors related to the risk of lead exposure may be associated with certain aspects of cognitive functioning via diminished subcortical brain structure, including the anterior splenium (i.e., mid-posterior corpus callosum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Marshall
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wesley K. Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Megan M. Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth R. Sowell
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Childebayeva A, Goodrich JM, Chesterman N, Leon-Velarde F, Rivera-Ch M, Kiyamu M, Brutsaert TD, Bigham AW, Dolinoy DC. Blood lead levels in Peruvian adults are associated with proximity to mining and DNA methylation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106587. [PMID: 33940396 PMCID: PMC9903334 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inorganic lead (Pb) is common in the environment, and is toxic to neurological, renal, and cardiovascular systems. Pb exposure influences the epigenome with documented effects on DNA methylation (DNAm). We assessed the impact of low levels of Pb exposure on DNAm among non-miner individuals from two locations in Peru: Lima, the capital, and Cerro de Pasco, a highland mining town, to study the effects of Pb exposure on physiological outcomes and DNAm. METHODS Pb levels were measured in whole blood (n = 305). Blood leukocyte DNAm was determined for 90 DNA samples using the Illumina MethylationEPIC chip. An epigenome-wide association study was performed to assess the relationship between Pb and DNAm. RESULTS Individuals from Cerro de Pasco had higher Pb than individuals from Lima (p-value = 2.00E-16). Males had higher Pb than females (p-value = 2.36E-04). Pb was positively associated with hemoglobin (p-value = 8.60E-04). In Cerro de Pasco, blood Pb decreased with the distance from the mine (p-value = 0.04), and association with soil Pb was approaching significance (p-value = 0.08). We identified differentially methylated positions (DMPs) associated with genes SOX18, ZMIZ1, and KDM1A linked to neurological function. We also found 45 differentially methylated regions (DMRs), seven of which were associated with genes involved in metal ion binding and nine to neurological function and development. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that even low levels of Pb can have a significant impact on the body including changes to DNAm. We report associations between Pb and hemoglobin, Pb and distance from mining, and between blood and soil Pb. We also report associations between loci- and region-specific DNAm and Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainash Childebayeva
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany.
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nathan Chesterman
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Fabiola Leon-Velarde
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Maria Rivera-Ch
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Melisa Kiyamu
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Tom D Brutsaert
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Abigail W Bigham
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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12
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Augusto-Oliveira M, Arrifano GDP, Lopes-Araújo A, Santos-Sacramento L, Lima RR, Lamers ML, Le Blond J, Crespo-Lopez ME. Salivary biomarkers and neuropsychological outcomes: A non-invasive approach to investigate pollutants-associated neurotoxicity and its effects on cognition in vulnerable populations. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111432. [PMID: 34062204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of neurotoxicity caused by xenobiotics such as pesticides (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, organophosphates, pyrethroids, etc.) or metals (mercury, lead, aluminum, arsenic, etc.) is a growing concern around the world, particularly in vulnerable populations with difficulties on both detection and symptoms treatment, due to low economic status, remote access, poor infrastructure, and low educational level, among others features. Despite the numerous molecular markers and questionnaires/clinical evaluations, studying neurotoxicity and its effects on cognition in these populations faces problems with samples collection and processing, and information accuracy. Assessing cognitive changes caused by neurotoxicity, especially those that are subtle in the initial stages, is fundamentally challenging. Finding accurate, non-invasive, and low-cost strategies to detect the first signals of brain injury has the potential to support an accelerated development of the research with these populations. Saliva emerges as an ideal pool of biomarkers (with interleukins and neural damage-related proteins, among others) and potential alternative diagnostic fluid to molecularly investigate neurotoxicity. As a source of numerous neurological biomarkers, saliva has several advantages compared to blood, such as easier storage, requires less manipulation, and the procedure is cheaper, safer and well accepted by patients compared with drawing blood. Regarding cognitive dysfunction, neuropsychological batteries represent, with their friendly interface, a feasible and accurate method to evaluate the eventual cognitive deficits associated with neurotoxicity in people from diverse cultural and educational backgrounds. The association of these two tools, saliva and neuropsychological batteries, to cover the molecular and cognitive aspects of neurotoxicity in vulnerable populations, could potentially increase the prevalence of early intervention and successful treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Augusto-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela de Paula Arrifano
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Lopes-Araújo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Santos-Sacramento
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Lazzaron Lamers
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
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13
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Takeuchi H, Taki Y, Nouchi R, Yokoyama R, Kotozaki Y, Nakagawa S, Sekiguchi A, Iizuka K, Hanawa S, Araki T, Miyauchi CM, Sakaki K, Nozawa T, Ikeda S, Yokota S, Daniele M, Sassa Y, Kawashima R. Lead exposure is associated with functional and microstructural changes in the healthy human brain. Commun Biol 2021; 4:912. [PMID: 34312468 PMCID: PMC8313694 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead is a toxin known to harm many organs in the body, particularly the central nervous system, across an individual's lifespan. To date, no study has yet investigated the associations between body lead level and the microstructural properties of gray matter areas, and brain activity during attention-demanding tasks. Here, utilizing data of diffusion tensor imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive measures among 920 typically developing young adults, we show greater hair lead levels are weakly but significantly associated with (a) increased working memory-related activity in the right premotor and pre-supplemental motor areas, (b) lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in white matter areas near the internal capsule, (c) lower mean diffusivity (MD) in the dopaminergic system in the left hemisphere and other widespread contingent areas, and (d) greater MD in the white matter area adjacent to the right fusiform gyrus. Higher lead levels were also weakly but significantly associated with lower performance in tests of high-order cognitive functions, such as the psychometric intelligence test, greater impulsivity measures, and higher novelty seeking and extraversion. These findings reflect the weak effect of daily lead level on the excitability and microstructural properties of the brain, particularly in the dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Takeuchi
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rui Nouchi
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Human and Social Response Research Division, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Yokoyama
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuka Kotozaki
- grid.411582.b0000 0001 1017 9540Division of Clinical research, Medical-Industry Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seishu Nakagawa
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan ,grid.412755.00000 0001 2166 7427Division of Psychiatry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sekiguchi
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan ,grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Iizuka
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sugiko Hanawa
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Carlos Makoto Miyauchi
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohei Sakaki
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nozawa
- grid.32197.3e0000 0001 2179 2105Research Institute for the Earth Inclusive Sensing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Ikeda
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Susum Yokota
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Division for Experimental Natural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Magistro Daniele
- grid.12361.370000 0001 0727 0669Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Yuko Sassa
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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14
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Li H, Mu Q, Kang Y, Yang X, Shan L, Wang M, Li C, Liu Y, Wang F. Association of Cigarette Smoking With Male Cognitive Impairment and Metal Ions in Cerebrospinal Fluid. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:738358. [PMID: 34887785 PMCID: PMC8650691 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.738358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Cigarette smoking might accelerate cognitive impairment; however, this has never been investigated using human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We conducted this study to investigate the association between cigarette smoking and cognitive impairment through metal ions in CSF. Methods: We obtained 5-ml CSF samples from routine lumbar puncture procedures in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction before surgery in China. A total of 180 Chinese males were recruited (80 active smokers and 100 non-smokers). We measured specific cigarette-related neurotoxic metal ions in CSF, including iron, copper, zinc, lead, aluminum, and manganese. Sociodemographic data and history of smoking were obtained. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was applied. Results: Active smokers had fewer years of education (11.83 ± 3.13 vs. 13.17 ± 2.60, p = 0.01), and higher age (33.70 ± 10.20 vs. 29.76 ± 9.58, p = 0.01) and body mass index (25.84 ± 3.52 vs. 24.98 ± 4.06, p =0.03) than non-smokers. Compared to non-smokers, active smokers had significantly higher CSF levels of iron, zinc, lead, and aluminum and lower MoCA scores (all p < 0.05). Average daily numbers of cigarettes smoked negatively correlated with the MoCA scores (r = -0.244, p = 0.048). In young smokers, CSF manganese levels negatively correlated with MoCA scores (r = -0.373, p = 0.009). Conclusions and Relevance: Cigarette smoking might be associated with male cognitive impairment, as shown by lower MoCA scores and higher levels of CSF iron, zinc, lead, and aluminum in active smokers. This might be early evidence of cigarette smoking accelerating male cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qingshuang Mu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yimin Kang
- Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | | | - Ligang Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Cunbao Li
- Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
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15
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Trentacosta CJ, Mulligan DJ. New directions in understanding the role of environmental contaminants in child development: Four themes. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2020; 2020:39-51. [PMID: 32920950 PMCID: PMC8189654 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants, which include several heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, and other harmful chemicals, impair several domains of child development. This article describes four themes from recent research on the impact of environmental contaminants on child development. The first theme, disparities in exposure, focuses on how marginalized communities are disproportionately exposed to harmful environmental contaminants. The second theme, complexity of exposures, encapsulates recent emphases on timing of exposures and mixtures of multiple exposures. The third theme, mechanisms that link exposures to outcomes, focuses on processes that elucidate how contaminants impact outcomes. The fourth theme, mitigating risks associated with exposures, sheds light on potential protective factors that could ameliorate many of the harmful effects of contaminant exposures. Developmental scientists are well positioned to contribute to interdisciplinary research that addresses these themes, which could foster additional conceptual and empirical innovations and inform policies and practices to mitigate risks and improve children's well-being.
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16
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Pavilonis B, Maroko A, Cheng Z. Lead in New York City's soils: Population growth, land use, and contamination. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 229:113564. [PMID: 32554253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Soil is an important exposure pathway for lead (Pb) and predictor of blood lead levels (BLL) among children. Over the past two decades, many areas within New York City (NYC) have undergone a transition from industrial and manufacturing land use to residential housing. This can bring new residents to areas which contain the legacy of historic Pb contamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the difference in soil Pb concentrations between community parks and greenspaces in areas undergoing rapid redevelopment and land use changes and stable areas without redevelopment. Three high- and three low-risk Pb contaminated areas within NYC were identified based on an additive index that included population growth, industrial land use, and new construction. Soil samples (n=358) were collected across 34 parks and analyzed with an XRF with a subset also analyzed by ICP-MS. Areas within NYC, evaluated in this study, with a high-risk index had significantly (p<0.0001) larger mean concentrations of Pb in soil (374 mg/kg vs. 150 mg/kg, respectively) and double the rate of children under the age of six years with BLL > 5ug/dL (37.94 vs. 18.72 per 1000, respectively) compared to low-risk areas. There was a statistically significant (p <0.05) positive correlation between street density, manufacturing/industrial land density and population density change within 0.40 km of a park and soil Pb concentrations. However, we were unable to estimate the source-specific contribution of Pb concentrations in soil, since many of the variables assessed were correlated with one another. Regardless of the source, large population increases are occurring in areas with elevated soil Pb levels. In the three high-risk areas investigated in this study, the population has increased by over 35,000 residents between 2010 to 2017 compared to just 8,500 in the low-risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Pavilonis
- The CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, USA.
| | - Andrew Maroko
- The CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, USA
| | - Zhongqi Cheng
- Brooklyn College, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, USA
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17
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Leão LKR, Bittencourt LO, Oliveira AC, Nascimento PC, Miranda GHN, Ferreira RO, Nabiça M, Dantas K, Dionizio A, Cartágenes S, Buzalaf MAR, Crespo-Lopez ME, Maia CSF, Lima RR. Long-Term Lead Exposure Since Adolescence Causes Proteomic and Morphological Alterations in the Cerebellum Associated with Motor Deficits in Adult Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103571. [PMID: 32443589 PMCID: PMC7279001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is an environmental contaminant that presents a high risk for human health. We aimed to investigate the possible alterations triggered by the exposure to Pb acetate for a long period in motor performance and the possible relationship with biochemical, proteomic and morphological alterations in the cerebellum of rats. Male Wistar rats were exposed for 55 days, at 50 mg/Kg of Pb acetate, and the control animals received distilled water. Open field (OF) and rotarod tests; biochemistry parameters (MDA and nitrite); staining/immunostaining of Purkinje cells (PC), mature neurons (MN), myelin sheath (MS) and synaptic vesicles (SYN) and proteomic profile were analyzed. Pb deposition on the cerebellum area and this study drove to exploratory and locomotion deficits and a decrease in the number of PC, MN, SYN and MS staining/immunostaining. The levels of MDA and nitrite remained unchanged. The proteomic profile showed alterations in proteins responsible for neurotransmitters release, as well as receptor function and second messengers signaling, and also proteins involved in the process of apoptosis. Thus, we conclude that the long-term exposure to low Pb dose promoted locomotion and histological tracings, associated with alterations in the process of cell signaling, as well as death by apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Ketlen Reis Leão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil; (L.K.R.L.); (L.O.B.); (A.C.O.); (P.C.N.); (G.H.N.M.); (R.O.F.)
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil; (L.K.R.L.); (L.O.B.); (A.C.O.); (P.C.N.); (G.H.N.M.); (R.O.F.)
| | - Ana Carolina Oliveira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil; (L.K.R.L.); (L.O.B.); (A.C.O.); (P.C.N.); (G.H.N.M.); (R.O.F.)
| | - Priscila Cunha Nascimento
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil; (L.K.R.L.); (L.O.B.); (A.C.O.); (P.C.N.); (G.H.N.M.); (R.O.F.)
| | - Giza Hellen Nonato Miranda
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil; (L.K.R.L.); (L.O.B.); (A.C.O.); (P.C.N.); (G.H.N.M.); (R.O.F.)
| | - Railson Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil; (L.K.R.L.); (L.O.B.); (A.C.O.); (P.C.N.); (G.H.N.M.); (R.O.F.)
| | - Mariane Nabiça
- Laboratory of Applied Analytical Spectrometry, Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará - Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil; (M.N.); (K.D.)
| | - Kelly Dantas
- Laboratory of Applied Analytical Spectrometry, Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará - Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil; (M.N.); (K.D.)
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo - Bauru, São Paulo 17012-901, Brazil; (A.D.); (M.A.R.B.)
| | - Sabrina Cartágenes
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Behavior Pharmacology, Pharmacy Faculty, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará - Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil; (S.C.); (C.S.F.M.)
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo - Bauru, São Paulo 17012-901, Brazil; (A.D.); (M.A.R.B.)
| | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará - Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Cristiane S F Maia
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Behavior Pharmacology, Pharmacy Faculty, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará - Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil; (S.C.); (C.S.F.M.)
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil; (L.K.R.L.); (L.O.B.); (A.C.O.); (P.C.N.); (G.H.N.M.); (R.O.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-91-3201-7891
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18
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Shen X, Xia L, Liu L, Jiang H, Shannahan J, Du Y, Zheng W. Altered clearance of beta-amyloid from the cerebrospinal fluid following subchronic lead exposure in rats: Roles of RAGE and LRP1 in the choroid plexus. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 61:126520. [PMID: 32325398 PMCID: PMC7541561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Formation of amyloid plaques is the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Our early studies show that lead (Pb) exposure in PDAPP transgenic mice increases β-amyloid (Aβ) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and hippocampus, leading to the formation of amyloid plaques in mouse brain. Aβ in the CSF is regulated by the blood-CSF barrier (BCB) in the choroid plexus. However, the questions as to whether and how Pb exposure affected the influx and efflux of Aβ in BCB remained unknown. This study was conducted to investigate whether Pb exposure altered the Aβ efflux in the choroid plexus from the CSF to blood, and how Pb may affect the expression and subcellular translocation of two major Aβ transporters, i.e., the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and the low density lipoprotein receptor protein-1 (LRP1) in the choroid plexus. Sprague-Dawley rats received daily oral gavage at doses of 0, 14 (low-dose), and 27 (high-dose) mg Pb/kg as Pb acetate, 5 d/wk, for 4 or 8 wks. At the end of Pb exposure, a solution containing Aβ40 (2.5 μg/mL) was infused to rat brain via a cannulated internal carotid artery. Subchronic Pb exposure at both dose levels significantly increased Aβ levels in the CSF and choroid plexus (p < 0.05) by ELISA. Confocal data showed that 4-wk Pb exposures prompted subcellular translocation of RAGE from the choroidal cytoplasm toward apical microvilli. Furthermore, it increased the RAGE expression in the choroid plexus by 34.1 % and 25.1 % over the controls (p < 0.05) in the low- and high- dose groups, respectfully. Subchronic Pb exposure did not significantly affect the expression of LRP1; yet the high-dose group showed LRP1 concentrated along the basal lamina. The data from the ventriculo-cisternal perfusion revealed a significantly decreased efflux of Aβ40 from the CSF to blood via the blood-CSF barrier. Incubation of freshly dissected plexus tissues with Pb in artificial CSF supported a Pb effect on increased RAGE expression. Taken together, these data suggest that Pb accumulation in the choroid plexus after subchronic exposure reduces the clearance of Aβ from the CSF to blood by the choroid plexus, which, in turn, leads to an increase of Aβ in the CSF. Interaction of Pb with RAGE and LRP1 in choroidal epithelial cells may contribute to the altered Aβ transport by the blood-CSF barrier in brain ventricles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Shen
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Li Xia
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Luqing Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Departments of Physiology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China.
| | | | - Yansheng Du
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Burrow K, Young W, McConnell M, Carne A, Barr D, Reid M, Bekhit AED. The Effect of Sheep and Cow Milk Supplementation of a Low Calcium Diet on the Distribution of Macro and Trace Minerals in the Organs of Weanling Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:E594. [PMID: 32106433 PMCID: PMC7146164 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of either sheep or cow milk supplementation to a low calcium and phosphorus diet on growth and organ mineral distribution in weanling rats. Rats were fed diets consisting of either a control chow, a 50% reduced calcium and phosphorous chow (low Ca/P), low Ca/P and sheep milk, or low Ca/P and cow milk diet for 28 days. Food intake of the rats, the growth rate of the rats, and the concentrations of minerals in the soft organs and serum were determined. Rats fed the low Ca/P diet alone had lower weight gain than rats consuming either of the milk-supplemented diets (p < 0.05). Both sheep milk and cow milk supplementation overcame the effects of consuming a diet restricted in calcium and phosphorus but the sheep milk was effective at a significantly lower level of milk intake (p < 0.05). Significant differences (p < 0.05) in essential and trace mineral concentrations due to milk type were observed in the kidney, spleen, and liver. For non-essential minerals, significant differences (p < 0.05), related to diet, were observed in all organs for arsenic, cesium, rubidium, and strontium concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keegan Burrow
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- AgResearch Ltd, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Manawatu Mail Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Michelle McConnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Alan Carne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - David Barr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (D.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Malcolm Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (D.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Alaa El-Din Bekhit
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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20
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Chettle DR, McNeill FE. Elemental analysis in living human subjects using biomedical devices. Physiol Meas 2019; 40:12TR01. [PMID: 31816604 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ab6019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Today, patients undergoing dialysis are at low risk for aluminum-induced dementia. Workers are unlikely to experience cadmium-induced emphysema and the public's exposure to lead is an order of magnitude lower than in 1970. The research field of in vivo elemental analysis has played a role in these occupational and environmental health improvements by allowing the effects of people's chronic exposure to elements to be studied using non-invasive, painless, and relatively low-cost technology. From the early 1960s to the present day, researchers have developed radiation-based systems to measure the elemental content of organs at risk or storage organs. This reduces the need for (sometimes painful) biopsy and the risk of infection. Research and development has been undertaken on forty-nine in vivo measurement system designs. Twenty-nine different in vivo elemental analysis systems, measuring 22 different elements, have been successfully taken from design and testing through to human measurement. The majority of these systems employ either neutron activation analysis or x-ray fluorescence analysis as the basis of the measurement. In this review, we discuss eight of the successful systems, explaining the rationale behind their development, the methodology, the health data that has resulted from application of these tools, and provide our opinion on potential future technical developments of these systems. We close by discussing four technologies that may lead to new directions and advances in the whole field.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Chettle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
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21
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Early-life Pb exposure as a potential risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease: are there hazards for the Mexican population? J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:1285-1303. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction as a Manifestation of Lead Intoxication in a Conservator. ACG Case Rep J 2019; 6:e00171. [PMID: 31737709 PMCID: PMC6791627 DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a 39-year-old art conservator who presented complaining of abdominal pain and constipation. His laboratory results showed normocytic normochromic anemia and abnormal liver tests. Computed tomography revealed distention of the whole colon without obstruction. Evaluation of anemia was compatible with nonimmune hemolysis. A liver biopsy showed accumulation of ferric pigment in Kupffer cells. Given the typical findings in the blood smear and the epidemiological context, a serum lead assay was performed (92 μg/dL). This clinical case illustrates the need for gastroenterologists to recognize digestive manifestations of systemic diseases, including intoxications.
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Rocha A, Trujillo KA. Neurotoxicity of low-level lead exposure: History, mechanisms of action, and behavioral effects in humans and preclinical models. Neurotoxicology 2019; 73:58-80. [PMID: 30836127 PMCID: PMC7462347 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lead is a neurotoxin that produces long-term, perhaps irreversible, effects on health and well-being. This article summarizes clinical and preclinical studies that have employed a variety of research techniques to examine the neurotoxic effects of low levels of lead exposure. A historical perspective is presented, followed by an overview of studies that examined behavioral and cognitive outcomes. In addition, a short summary of potential mechanisms of action is provided with a focus on calcium-dependent processes. The current level of concern, or reference level, set by the CDC is 5 μg/dL of lead in blood and a revision to 3.5 μg/dL has been suggested. However, levels of lead below 3 μg/dL have been shown to produce diminished cognitive function and maladaptive behavior in humans and animal models. Because much of the research has focused on higher concentrations of lead, work on low concentrations is needed to better understand the neurobehavioral effects and mechanisms of action of this neurotoxic metal.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adolescent Behavior/drug effects
- Adolescent Development/drug effects
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Animals
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/growth & development
- Child
- Child Behavior/drug effects
- Child Development/drug effects
- Child, Preschool
- Cognition/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- History, 20th Century
- History, 21st Century
- Humans
- Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Adult/history
- Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Adult/physiopathology
- Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Adult/psychology
- Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood/history
- Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood/physiopathology
- Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood/psychology
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Rats
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Toxicity Tests
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Rocha
- California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92069, USA.
| | - Keith A Trujillo
- California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92069, USA
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24
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Abstract
Millions of Americans now entering midlife and old age were exposed to high levels of lead, a neurotoxin, as children. Evidence from animal-model and human observational studies suggest that childhood lead exposure may raise the risk of adult neurodegenerative disease, particularly dementia, through a variety of possible mechanisms including epigenetic modification, delayed cardiovascular and kidney disease, direct degenerative CNS injury from lead remobilized from bone, and lowered neural and cognitive reserve. Within the next ten years, the generation of children with the highest historical lead exposures, those born in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, will begin to enter the age at which dementia symptoms tend to emerge. Many will also enter the age in which lead stored in the skeleton may be remobilized at greater rates, particularly for women entering menopause and men and women experiencing osteoporosis. Should childhood lead exposure prove pro-degenerative, the next twenty years will provide the last opportunities for possible early intervention to forestall greater degenerative disease burden across the aging lead-exposed population. More evidence is needed now to characterize the nature and magnitude of the degenerative risks facing adults exposed to lead as children and to identify interventions to limit long-term harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Reuben
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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25
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van den Heever L, Smit-Robinson H, Naidoo V, McKechnie AE. Blood and bone lead levels in South Africa's Gyps vultures: Risk to nest-bound chicks and comparison with other avian taxa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 669:471-480. [PMID: 30884269 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Poisoning, including secondary lead poisoning, is cited as the single most important cause of vulture mortalities in Africa. To evaluate the prevalence of lead poisoning among South Africa's Gyps vultures compared to other, non-scavenging birds, we obtained blood and bone samples from Cape (Gyps coprotheres) and White-backed (G. africanus) vultures. We found that 66% of White-backed Vultures (n = 110, including 85 nest-bound chicks sampled at Dronfield Nature Reserve) and 80% of Cape Vultures (n = 15) had blood [Pb] in excess of 10 μg/dL, the upper limit of background exposure. Average blood [Pb] were 15.4 μg/dL and 29.7 μg/dL for White-backed and Cape vultures, respectively. Bone samples revealed that 12% of White-backed Vultures (n = 18) and 9% of Cape Vultures (n = 75) suffered from subclinical to severe clinical lead poisoning upon their deaths. By contrast, none of the 40 blood, bone or liver samples obtained from non-scavenging bird species were found to exceed background exposure levels. Our results suggest that, unlike non-scavenging birds, the scavenging lifestyle of Gyps vultures subjects them to lead poisoning on a regular basis. Had environmental sources of lead (e.g., dust) been the source of the lead poisoning at the White-backed Vulture breeding colony at Dronfield, all the chicks would have displayed similar blood lead concentrations. Instead the values ranged from barely detectable to very high, leading us to conclude that metallic lead fragments regurgitated by parents during feeding are responsible for the elevated lead levels in some of the chicks at this site. We conclude the likely source of these particles to be fragments of lead ammunition embedded in the carcasses of hunted animals. These results add to a growing body of evidence underscoring the threat posed by the use of lead ammunition and its potential role in the declines of vultures and other scavenging taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda van den Heever
- Terrestrial Bird Conservation Programme, BirdLife South Africa, Private Bag X16, Pinegowrie, Johannesburg 2123, South Africa; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa.
| | - Hanneline Smit-Robinson
- Terrestrial Bird Conservation Programme, BirdLife South Africa, Private Bag X16, Pinegowrie, Johannesburg 2123, South Africa; Applied Behavioural Ecological & Ecosystem Research Unit (ABEERU), UNISA, P O Box 392, UNISA 0003, Florida, South Africa; School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
| | - Vinny Naidoo
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa.
| | - Andrew E McKechnie
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; National Zoological Garden, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P O Box 754, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
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26
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McClelland SC, Durães Ribeiro R, Mielke HW, Finkelstein ME, Gonzales CR, Jones JA, Komdeur J, Derryberry E, Saltzberg EB, Karubian J. Sub-lethal exposure to lead is associated with heightened aggression in an urban songbird. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 654:593-603. [PMID: 30447598 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many urban areas have elevated soil lead concentrations due to prior large-scale use of lead in products such as paint and automobile gasoline. This presents a potential problem for the growing numbers of wildlife living in urbanized areas as lead exposure is known to affect multiple physiological systems, including the nervous system, in vertebrate species. In humans and laboratory animals, low-level lead exposure is associated with neurological impairment, but less is known about how lead may affect the behavior of urban wildlife. We focused on the Northern Mockingbird Mimus polyglottos, a common, omnivorous North American songbird, to gain insights into how lead may affect the physiology and behavior of urban wildlife. We predicted that birds living in neighborhoods with high soil lead concentrations would (a) exhibit elevated lead concentrations in their blood and feathers, (b) exhibit lower body condition, (c) exhibit less diverse and consistent vocal repertoires, and (d) behave more aggressively during simulated conspecific territorial intrusions compared to birds living in neighborhoods with lower soil lead concentrations. Controlling for other habitat differences, we found that birds from areas of high soil lead had elevated lead concentrations in blood and feathers, but found no differences in body condition or vocal repertoires. However, birds from high lead areas responded more aggressively during simulated intrusions. These findings indicate that sub-lethal lead exposure may be common among wildlife living in urban areas, and that this exposure is associated with increased aggression. Better understanding of the extent of the relationship between lead exposure and aggression and the consequences this could have for survival and reproduction of wild animals are clear priorities for future work in this and other urban ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C McClelland
- Behavioural Ecology and Physiology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK.
| | - Renata Durães Ribeiro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Howard W Mielke
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Myra E Finkelstein
- Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | - John Anthony Jones
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jan Komdeur
- Behavioural Ecology and Physiology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth Derryberry
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Emma B Saltzberg
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jordan Karubian
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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27
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Huat TJ, Camats-Perna J, Newcombe EA, Valmas N, Kitazawa M, Medeiros R. Metal Toxicity Links to Alzheimer's Disease and Neuroinflammation. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:1843-1868. [PMID: 30664867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As the median age of the population increases, the number of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the associated socio-economic burden are predicted to worsen. While aging and inherent genetic predisposition play major roles in the onset of AD, lifestyle, physical fitness, medical condition, and social environment have emerged as relevant disease modifiers. These environmental risk factors can play a key role in accelerating or decelerating disease onset and progression. Among known environmental risk factors, chronic exposure to various metals has become more common among the public as the aggressive pace of anthropogenic activities releases excess amount of metals into the environment. As a result, we are exposed not only to essential metals, such as iron, copper, zinc and manganese, but also to toxic metals including lead, aluminum, and cadmium, which perturb metal homeostasis at the cellular and organismal levels. Herein, we review how these metals affect brain physiology and immunity, as well as their roles in the accumulation of toxic AD proteinaceous species (i.e., β-amyloid and tau). We also discuss studies that validate the disruption of immune-related pathways as an important mechanism of toxicity by which metals can contribute to AD. Our goal is to increase the awareness of metals as players in the onset and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tee Jong Huat
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Stem Cell Ageing and Regenerative Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Judith Camats-Perna
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Estella A Newcombe
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicholas Valmas
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Masashi Kitazawa
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Medeiros
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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28
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Fathabadi B, Dehghanifiroozabadi M, Aaseth J, Sharifzadeh G, Nakhaee S, Rajabpour-Sanati A, Amirabadizadeh A, Mehrpour O. Comparison of Blood Lead Levels in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease and Healthy People. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2018; 33:541-547. [PMID: 30134734 PMCID: PMC10852476 DOI: 10.1177/1533317518794032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is argued that breakdown of β-amyloid in the brain causes deposition of senescent plaques and therefore Alzheimer's disease (AD). One of the influential factors for increasing level of this protein is exposure to lead. Our aim was to compare blood lead levels (BLLs) between patients with AD and healthy controls. METHODS This case-control study was performed on all patients with cognitive impairment who were referred to the Neurological Clinic of Birjand in 2016 to 2017. Patients were referred to the laboratory for measurement of their serum levels of lead. The controls and patients were matched by age and sex. RESULTS In the AD case group, the average BLL was 22.22 ± 28.57 μg/dL. Mann-Whitney U test showed that BLLs were significantly higher in the patients than in the controls. The unadjusted odds ratio for BLL among the patients was 1.05 (95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.09; P = .01) compared to the controls. CONCLUSION In the present study, BLL was associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Fathabadi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Dehghanifiroozabadi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Department of Neurology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Complementary Alternative Medicine Research Center, Valiasr Hospital, Birjand, Iran
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Innlandet Hospital and Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Gholamreza Sharifzadeh
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Samaneh Nakhaee
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Ali Rajabpour-Sanati
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Alireza Amirabadizadeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Omid Mehrpour
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, Denver, CO, USA
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29
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Mansouri MT, Muñoz-Fambuena I, Cauli O. Cognitive impairment associated with chronic lead exposure in adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Casjens S, Pesch B, van Thriel C, Zschiesche W, Behrens T, Weiss T, Pallapies D, Arendt M, Dragano N, Moebus S, Jöckel KH, Brüning T. Associations between blood lead, olfaction and fine-motor skills in elderly men: Results from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. Neurotoxicology 2018; 68:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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31
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Geary DC. Evolutionary perspective on sex differences in the expression of neurological diseases. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 176:33-53. [PMID: 29890214 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sex-specific brain and cognitive deficits emerge with malnutrition, some infectious and neurodegenerative diseases, and often with prenatal or postnatal toxin exposure. These deficits are described in disparate literatures and are generally not linked to one another. Sexual selection may provide a unifying framework that integrates our understanding of these deficits and provides direction for future studies of sex-specific vulnerabilities. Sexually selected traits are those that have evolved to facilitate competition for reproductive resources or that influence mate choices, and are often larger and more complex than other traits. Critically, malnutrition, disease, chronic social stress, and exposure to man-made toxins compromise the development and expression of sexually selected traits more strongly than that of other traits. The fundamental mechanism underlying vulnerability might be the efficiency of mitochondrial energy capture and control of oxidative stress that in turn links these traits to current advances in neuroenergetics, stress endocrinology, and toxicology. The key idea is that the elaboration of these cognitive abilities, with more underlying gray matter or more extensive inter-modular white matter connections, makes them particularly sensitive to disruptions in mitochondrial functioning and oxidative stress. A framework of human sexually selected cognitive abilities and underlying brain systems is proposed and used to organize what is currently known about sex-specific vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Geary
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, University of Missouri, MO, 65211-2500, Columbia, United States.
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32
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Environmental Lead Exposure and Adult Literacy in Myanmar: An Exploratory Study of Potential Associations at the Township Level. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061086. [PMID: 29843389 PMCID: PMC6025053 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Environmental lead exposure is a population health concern in many low- and middle-income countries. Lead is found throughout Myanmar and prior to the 1940s the country was the largest producer of lead worldwide. The aim of this study was to examine any potential association between lead mining and adult literacy rates at the level of 330 townships in Myanmar. Townships were identified as lead or non-lead mining areas and 2015 census data were examined with association being identified using descriptive, analytical and spatial statistical methods. Overall, there does appear to be a significant relationship between lead mining activity and adult literacy levels among townships with both low access (p = 0.05; OR = 2.701 (1.136–6.421)) as well with high access to safe sanitation (p = 0.01; OR = 18.40 (1.794–188.745)). Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) cluster maps confirm these findings. This exploratory analysis is a first step in the examination of potential environmental lead exposure and its implications in Myanmar.
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33
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Santa Maria MP, Hill BD, Kline J. Lead (Pb) neurotoxicology and cognition. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2018; 8:272-293. [DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2018.1428803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin D. Hill
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Joshua Kline
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
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34
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Fuller-Thomson E, Jopling SA. Reader response: Olfaction and risk of dementia in a biracial cohort of older adults. Neurology 2018; 90:98. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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35
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Zhang XL, McGlothan JL, Miry O, Stansfield KH, Loth MK, Stanton PK, Guilarte TR. From the Cover: 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone Rescues Lead-Induced Impairment of Vesicular Release: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Lead Intoxicated Children. Toxicol Sci 2018; 161:186-195. [PMID: 29029315 PMCID: PMC5837521 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood lead (Pb2+) intoxication is a public health problem of global proportion. Lead exposure during development produces multiple effects on the central nervous system including impaired synapse formation, altered synaptic plasticity, and learning deficits. In primary hippocampal neurons in culture and hippocampal slices, Pb2+ exposure inhibits vesicular release and reduces the number of fast-releasing sites, an effect associated with Pb2+ inhibition of NMDA receptor-mediated trans-synaptic Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) signaling. The objective of this study was to determine if activation of TrkB, the cognate receptor for BDNF, would rescue Pb2+-induced impairments of vesicular release. Rats were chronically exposed to Pb2+ prenatally and postnatally until 50 days of age. This chronic Pb2+ exposure paradigm enhanced paired-pulse facilitation of synaptic potentials in Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in the hippocampus, a phenomenon indicative of reduced vesicular release probability. Decreased vesicular release probability was confirmed by both mean-variance analysis and direct 2-photon imaging of vesicular release from hippocampal slices of rats exposed to Pb2+in vivo. We also found a Pb2+-induced impairment of calcium influx in Schaffer collateral-CA1 synaptic terminals. Intraperitoneal injections of Pb2+ rats with the TrkB receptor agonist 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (5 mg/kg) for 14-15 days starting at postnatal day 35, reversed all Pb2+-induced impairments of presynaptic transmitter release at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses. This study demonstrates for the first time that in vivo pharmacological activation of TrkB receptors by small molecules such as 7,8-dihydroxyflavone can reverse long-term effects of chronic Pb2+ exposure on presynaptic terminals, pointing to TrkB receptor activation as a promising therapeutic intervention in Pb2+-intoxicated children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595
| | - Jennifer L McGlothan
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199
| | - Omid Miry
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595
| | - Kirstie H Stansfield
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Meredith K Loth
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Patric K Stanton
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595
| | - Tomás R Guilarte
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199
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Nkomo P, Mathee A, Naicker N, Galpin J, Richter LM, Norris SA. The association between elevated blood lead levels and violent behavior during late adolescence: The South African Birth to Twenty Plus cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 109:136-145. [PMID: 28916132 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown the adverse neuro-behavioral health effects of lead exposure among children, in particular. However, there is lack evidence in this regard from developing countries. The main aim of this study was to assess the association between blood lead levels (BLLs) during early adolescence and violent behavior in late adolescence. Our study sample from the Birth to Twenty Plus cohort in Soweto-Johannesburg, South Africa included 1332 study participants (684 females). BLLs were measured using blood samples collected at age 13years. Violent behavior was evaluated using data collected at ages 15 to 16years using the Youth Self Report questionnaire. First, bivariate analysis was used to examine data for an association between lead exposure in early adolescence and violent behavior items during late adolescence. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used for dimensionality reduction and six violent behavior components were derived. Data were further analyzed for an association between BLLs at age 13years and violent behavior using PCA derived components; to determine the specific type(s) of violent behavior associated with lead exposure. Median whole BLLs were 5.6μg/dL (p<0.001). Seventy five percent of males and 50% of females had BLLs≥5μg/dL. BLLs ranging from 5 to 9.99μg/dL were associated with physical violence (p=0.03) and BLLs≥10μg/dL were associated physical violence and fighting (p=0.02 and p=0.01, respectively). When data were analyzed using continuous BLLs physical violence was associated with lead exposure (p<0.0001). Furthermore, males were more likely to be involved in violence using a weapon (p=0.01), physical violence (p<0.0001), and robbing others (p<0.05) compared to females. The results from this study show the severe nature of violent behavior in late adolescence associated with childhood lead exposure. They highlight the urgent need for preventive measures against lead exposure among children in low or middle income countries such as South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palesa Nkomo
- Environment & Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, South Africa; MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Angela Mathee
- Environment & Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, South Africa; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Environmental Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Nisha Naicker
- Environment & Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, South Africa; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Environmental Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Jacky Galpin
- School of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Linda M Richter
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Shane A Norris
- MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Engstrom AK, Xia Z. Lead exposure in late adolescence through adulthood impairs short-term spatial memory and the neuronal differentiation of adult-born cells in C57BL/6 male mice. Neurosci Lett 2017; 661:108-113. [PMID: 28970130 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lead is a neurotoxicant of immense public health importance. Epidemiology studies suggest that heavy metal exposure may be associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline, yet few studies to date have assessed the effect of adult lead exposure on cognitive behavior in animal models. Here, we exposed 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice to 0.2% lead acetate via drinking water for 12 weeks starting at 6 weeks of age and then assessed for deficits in hippocampus-dependent spatial memory and impairment of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Lead did not cause locomotor deficits or anxiety in the open field test. However, we found that adult, subchronic lead exposure was sufficient to cause deficits in spatial short-term memory and these deficits persisted through at least 2 months post-lead exposure. Furthermore, we observed that lead-treated mice had fewer adult-born, mature neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus compared to control animals, suggesting that lead exposure during adolescence and adulthood may impair the neuronal differentiation of adult-born cells. These data suggest that adult lead exposure is sufficient to cause persistent deficits in spatial short-term memory and impair key processes in adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Engstrom
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Zhengui Xia
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Engstrom AK, Snyder JM, Maeda N, Xia Z. Gene-environment interaction between lead and Apolipoprotein E4 causes cognitive behavior deficits in mice. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:14. [PMID: 28173832 PMCID: PMC5297175 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. Environmental factors and gene-environment interactions (GXE) may increase AD risk, accelerate cognitive decline, and impair learning and memory. However, there is currently little direct evidence supporting this hypothesis. Methods In this study, we assessed for a GXE between lead and ApoE4 on cognitive behavior using transgenic knock-in (KI) mice that express the human Apolipoprotein E4 allele (ApoE4-KI) or Apolipoprotein E3 allele (ApoE3-KI). We exposed 8-week-old male and female ApoE3-KI and ApoE4-KI mice to 0.2% lead acetate via drinking water for 12 weeks and assessed for cognitive behavior deficits during and after the lead exposure. In addition, we exposed a second (cellular) cohort of animals to lead and assessed for changes in adult hippocampal neurogenesis as a potential underlying mechanism for lead-induced learning and memory deficits. Results In the behavior cohort, we found that lead reduced contextual fear memory in all animals; however, this decrease was greatest and statistically significant only in lead-treated ApoE4-KI females. Similarly, only lead-treated ApoE4-KI females exhibited a significant decrease in spontaneous alternation in the T-maze. Furthermore, all lead-treated animals developed persistent spatial working memory deficits in the novel object location test, and this deficit manifested earlier in ApoE4-KI mice, with female ApoE4-KI mice exhibiting the earliest deficit onset. In the cellular cohort, we observed that the maturation, differentiation, and dendritic development of adult-born neurons in the hippocampus was selectively impaired in lead-treated female ApoE4-KI mice. Conclusions These data suggest that GXE between ApoE4 and lead exposure may contribute to cognitive impairment and that impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis may contribute to these deficits in cognitive behavior. Together, these data suggest a role for GXE and sex differences in AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Engstrom
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357234, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nobuyo Maeda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Zhengui Xia
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357234, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Eid A, Zawia N. Consequences of lead exposure, and it’s emerging role as an epigenetic modifier in the aging brain. Neurotoxicology 2016; 56:254-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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40
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Developmental lead exposure has mixed effects on butterfly cognitive processes. Anim Cogn 2016; 20:87-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s10071-016-1029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Fisher A, Caffo B, Schwartz B, Zipunnikov V. Fast, Exact Bootstrap Principal Component Analysis for p > 1 million. J Am Stat Assoc 2016; 111:846-860. [PMID: 27616801 DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2015.1062383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Many have suggested a bootstrap procedure for estimating the sampling variability of principal component analysis (PCA) results. However, when the number of measurements per subject (p) is much larger than the number of subjects (n), calculating and storing the leading principal components from each bootstrap sample can be computationally infeasible. To address this, we outline methods for fast, exact calculation of bootstrap principal components, eigenvalues, and scores. Our methods leverage the fact that all bootstrap samples occupy the same n-dimensional subspace as the original sample. As a result, all bootstrap principal components are limited to the same n-dimensional subspace and can be efficiently represented by their low dimensional coordinates in that subspace. Several uncertainty metrics can be computed solely based on the bootstrap distribution of these low dimensional coordinates, without calculating or storing the p-dimensional bootstrap components. Fast bootstrap PCA is applied to a dataset of sleep electroencephalogram recordings (p = 900, n = 392), and to a dataset of brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs) (p ≈ 3 million, n = 352). For the MRI dataset, our method allows for standard errors for the first 3 principal components based on 1000 bootstrap samples to be calculated on a standard laptop in 47 minutes, as opposed to approximately 4 days with standard methods.
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Dabrowska A, Venero JL, Iwasawa R, Hankir MK, Rahman S, Boobis A, Hajji N. PGC-1α controls mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in lead-induced neurotoxicity. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 7:629-47. [PMID: 26363853 PMCID: PMC4600622 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to its role in regulation of mitochondrial function, PGC1α is emerging as an important player in ageing and neurodegenerative disorders. PGC1α exerts its neuroprotective effects by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) and functioning. However, the precise regulatory role of PGC1α in the control of mitochondrial dynamics (MD) and neurotoxicity is still unknown. Here we elucidate the role of PGC1α in vitro and in vivo in the regulatory context of MB and MD in response to lead (II) acetate as a relevant model of neurotoxicity. We show that there is an adaptive response (AR) to lead, orchestrated by the BAP31-calcium signalling system operating between the ER and mitochondria. We find that this hormetic response is controlled by a cell-tolerated increase of PGC1α expression, which in turn induces a balanced expression of fusion/fission genes by binding to their promoters and implying its direct role in regulation of MD. However, dysregulation of PGC1α expression through either stable downregulation or overexpression, renders cells more susceptible to lead insult leading to mitochondrial fragmentation and cell death. Our data provide novel evidence that PGC1α expression is a key regulator of MD and the maintenance of tolerated PGC1α expression may offer a promising strategy for neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Dabrowska
- Imperial College London, Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Luis Venero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ryota Iwasawa
- Imperial College London, Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed-Khair Hankir
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre for Adiposity Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sunniyat Rahman
- Imperial College London, Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Boobis
- Imperial College London, Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nabil Hajji
- Imperial College London, Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Advanced brain aging: relationship with epidemiologic and genetic risk factors, and overlap with Alzheimer disease atrophy patterns. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e775. [PMID: 27045845 PMCID: PMC4872397 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We systematically compared structural imaging patterns of advanced brain aging (ABA) in the general-population, herein defined as significant deviation from typical BA to those found in Alzheimer disease (AD). The hypothesis that ABA would show different patterns of structural change compared with those found in AD was tested via advanced pattern analysis methods. In particular, magnetic resonance images of 2705 participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania (aged 20-90 years) were analyzed using an index that captures aging atrophy patterns (Spatial Pattern of Atrophy for Recognition of BA (SPARE-BA)), and an index previously shown to capture atrophy patterns found in clinical AD (Spatial Patterns of Abnormality for Recognition of Early Alzheimer's Disease (SPARE-AD)). We studied the association between these indices and risk factors, including an AD polygenic risk score. Finally, we compared the ABA-associated atrophy with typical AD-like patterns. We observed that SPARE-BA had significant association with: smoking (P<0.05), anti-hypertensive (P<0.05), anti-diabetic drug use (men P<0.05, women P=0.06) and waist circumference for the male cohort (P<0.05), after adjusting for age. Subjects with ABA had spatially extensive gray matter loss in the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes (false-discovery-rate-corrected q<0.001). ABA patterns of atrophy were partially overlapping with, but notably deviating from those typically found in AD. Subjects with ABA had higher SPARE-AD values; largely due to the partial spatial overlap of associated patterns in temporal regions. The AD polygenic risk score was significantly associated with SPARE-AD but not with SPARE-BA. Our findings suggest that ABA is likely characterized by pathophysiologic mechanisms that are distinct from, or only partially overlapping with those of AD.
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Habes M, Erus G, Toledo JB, Zhang T, Bryan N, Launer LJ, Rosseel Y, Janowitz D, Doshi J, Van der Auwera S, von Sarnowski B, Hegenscheid K, Hosten N, Homuth G, Völzke H, Schminke U, Hoffmann W, Grabe HJ, Davatzikos C. White matter hyperintensities and imaging patterns of brain ageing in the general population. Brain 2016; 139:1164-79. [PMID: 26912649 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities are associated with increased risk of dementia and cognitive decline. The current study investigates the relationship between white matter hyperintensities burden and patterns of brain atrophy associated with brain ageing and Alzheimer's disease in a large populatison-based sample (n = 2367) encompassing a wide age range (20-90 years), from the Study of Health in Pomerania. We quantified white matter hyperintensities using automated segmentation and summarized atrophy patterns using machine learning methods resulting in two indices: the SPARE-BA index (capturing age-related brain atrophy), and the SPARE-AD index (previously developed to capture patterns of atrophy found in patients with Alzheimer's disease). A characteristic pattern of age-related accumulation of white matter hyperintensities in both periventricular and deep white matter areas was found. Individuals with high white matter hyperintensities burden showed significantly (P < 0.0001) lower SPARE-BA and higher SPARE-AD values compared to those with low white matter hyperintensities burden, indicating that the former had more patterns of atrophy in brain regions typically affected by ageing and Alzheimer's disease dementia. To investigate a possibly causal role of white matter hyperintensities, structural equation modelling was used to quantify the effect of Framingham cardiovascular disease risk score and white matter hyperintensities burden on SPARE-BA, revealing a statistically significant (P < 0.0001) causal relationship between them. Structural equation modelling showed that the age effect on SPARE-BA was mediated by white matter hyperintensities and cardiovascular risk score each explaining 10.4% and 21.6% of the variance, respectively. The direct age effect explained 70.2% of the SPARE-BA variance. Only white matter hyperintensities significantly mediated the age effect on SPARE-AD explaining 32.8% of the variance. The direct age effect explained 66.0% of the SPARE-AD variance. Multivariable regression showed significant relationship between white matter hyperintensities volume and hypertension (P = 0.001), diabetes mellitus (P = 0.023), smoking (P = 0.002) and education level (P = 0.003). The only significant association with cognitive tests was with the immediate recall of the California verbal and learning memory test. No significant association was present with the APOE genotype. These results support the hypothesis that white matter hyperintensities contribute to patterns of brain atrophy found in beyond-normal brain ageing in the general population. White matter hyperintensities also contribute to brain atrophy patterns in regions related to Alzheimer's disease dementia, in agreement with their known additive role to the likelihood of dementia. Preventive strategies reducing the odds to develop cardiovascular disease and white matter hyperintensities could decrease the incidence or delay the onset of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Habes
- Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, Germany Centre for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, USA Department of Psychiatry, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Guray Erus
- Centre for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jon B Toledo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- Centre for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nick Bryan
- Centre for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, USA
| | - Yves Rosseel
- Department of Data Analysis, Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | - Jimit Doshi
- Centre for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sandra Van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Greifswald, Germany German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | - Norbert Hosten
- Department of Radiology, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulf Schminke
- Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, Germany German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Greifswald, Germany German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Centre for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, USA
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Yoon JH, Ahn YS. The association between blood lead level and clinical mental disorders in fifty thousand lead-exposed male workers. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:41-46. [PMID: 26480210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there has been research into the relationship between blood lead (BPb) level and mental disorders, there have been few investigations that use clinically diagnosed mental disorders in the adult population with a retrospective cohort study design. Hence, our study investigated the association between BPb level and risk of clinically diagnosed mental disorders. METHODS The data of male workers exposed to lead (Pb; n=54,788) were collected from annual Pb associated medical check-ups from 2000 to 2004 in Korea. The workers' hospital admission histories due to mental disorders (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, F00-F99) were used to identify clinically diagnosed mental disorders. After merging the data, the hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated by survival analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model according to the quartile level of BPb (1st quartile<4.10 μg/dl, 2nd quartile<6.04 μg/dl, 3rd quartile<10.00 μg/dl, and 4th quartile≥10 μg/dl). RESULTS In a total of 54,788 workers, there were 223 admission cases of mental disorders (F00-F99) during the follow-up period. The HR (95% CI) of total mental and behavioral disorders (F00-F99) was 1.63 (1.12-2.39) in the 4th quartile group compared to the HR of the 1st quartile group after adjusting for age. The HR (95% CI) of the 4th quartile group was 2.59 (1.15-5.82) for mood (affective) disorders (F30-F39). LIMITATION The hospital admission data, not outpatient data, were used for current study while almost affective disorder treated at outpatient clinic level. CONCLUSION Our study highlighted that Pb exposure can cause clinical mental disorders that require hospital admission in adult male workers. Our relatively large sample size strengthens the evidence of the association between BPb level and risk of clinically diagnosed mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ha Yoon
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Soon Ahn
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea.
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Occupation and the risk of chronic toxic leukoencephalopathy. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2015; 131:73-91. [PMID: 26563784 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62627-1.00006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Among the hundreds of environmental insults capable of inducing nervous system injury, a small number can produce clinically significant damage to the brain white matter. The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in affected individuals has greatly illuminated this previously obscure area of neurotoxicology. Toxic leukoencephalopathy has acute and chronic forms, in both of which cognitive dysfunction is the major clinical manifestation. Chronic toxic leukoencephalopathy (CTL) has been most thoroughly described in individuals with intense and prolonged exposure to leukotoxins, but the consequences of lesser degrees of exposure are not well understood. Rare cases of CTL have been reported in workers exposed to culpable leukotoxins, but study of this syndrome is hindered by many confounds such as uncertain level of toxin exposure, the presence of multiple toxins, vague dose-response relationship, comorbid medical or neurologic disorders, psychiatric illness, and legal issues. The risk of CTL in workers is low, although it is not possible to determine quantitative risk estimates. More knowledge can be expected with the application of advanced MRI techniques to the assessment of workers who may have been exposed to known or potential leukotoxins. Preventive measures for avoiding workplace CTL will be informed by clinical assessment involving the use of advanced neuroimaging and neuropsychologic evaluation in combination with accurate measurement of leukotoxin exposure.
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Lindquist DM, Beckwith T, Cecil KM, Sánchez-Martín FJ, Landero-Figueroa J, Puga A. Prenatal and early postnatal lead exposure in mice: neuroimaging findings. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2015; 5:511-8. [PMID: 26435914 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2015.07.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood lead exposure has been linked to adult gray matter loss accompanied by changes in myelination and neurochemistry noninvasively revealed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods. However, the extent, duration and timing of lead exposure required to produce such imaging changes in humans are difficult to ascertain. METHODS To determine if such changes are related to early exposure to low levels of lead, we treated mouse dams with 0, 3, or 30 ppm of lead acetate in drinking water for 2 months prior to mating through gestation until weaning of the offspring at post-natal day 21. Two male and two female pups from each litter were imaged at post-natal day 60. Volumetric, diffusion tensor imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measurements were obtained using a seven Tesla Bruker animal MRI scanner. RESULTS Postnatal blood lead levels were identical between groups at the time of imaging. No effects of lead exposure were detected in the volumetric or MRS data. Mean diffusivity in the hippocampus showed significant effects of lead exposure and gender. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that low-level, gestational lead exposure in a mouse model produces minimal changes observed by MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Lindquist
- 1 Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA ; 2 Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA ; 3 Metallomics Center of the Americas, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Travis Beckwith
- 1 Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA ; 2 Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA ; 3 Metallomics Center of the Americas, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kim M Cecil
- 1 Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA ; 2 Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA ; 3 Metallomics Center of the Americas, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Francisco Javier Sánchez-Martín
- 1 Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA ; 2 Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA ; 3 Metallomics Center of the Americas, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Julio Landero-Figueroa
- 1 Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA ; 2 Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA ; 3 Metallomics Center of the Americas, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alvaro Puga
- 1 Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA ; 2 Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA ; 3 Metallomics Center of the Americas, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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48
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Zhang LL, Lu L, Pan YJ, Ding CG, Xu DY, Huang CF, Pan XF, Zheng W. Baseline blood levels of manganese, lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc in residents of Beijing suburb. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 140:10-7. [PMID: 25836720 PMCID: PMC4492836 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Baseline blood concentrations of metals are important references for monitoring metal exposure in environmental and occupational settings. The purpose of this study was to determine the blood levels of manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) among the residents (aged 12-60 years old) living in the suburb southwest of Beijing in China and to compare the outcomes with reported values in various developed countries. Blood samples were collected from 648 subjects from March 2009 to February 2010. Metal concentrations in the whole blood were determined by ICP-MS. The geometric means of blood levels of Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd were 11.4, 802.4, 4665, 42.6, and 0.68 µg/L, respectively. Male subjects had higher blood Pb than the females, while the females had higher blood Mn and Cu than the males. There was no gender difference for blood Cd and Zn. Smokers had higher blood Cu, Zn, and Cd than nonsmokers. There were significant age-related differences in blood levels of all metals studied; subjects in the 17-30 age group had higher blood levels of Mn, Pb, Cu, and Zn, while those in the 46-60 age group had higher Cd than the other age groups. A remarkably lower blood level of Cu and Zn in this population as compared with residents of other developed countries was noticed. Based on the current study, the normal reference ranges for the blood Mn were estimated to be 5.80-25.2 μg/L; for blood Cu, 541-1475 μg/L; for blood Zn, 2349-9492 μg/L; for blood Pb, <100 μg/L; and for blood Cd, <5.30 μg/L in the general population living in Beijing suburbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Lian Zhang
- Department of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Fengtai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, PR China.
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Fengtai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Ya-Juan Pan
- Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control in China Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Chun-Guang Ding
- Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control in China Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Da-Yong Xu
- Department of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Fengtai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Chuan-Feng Huang
- Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control in China Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Xing-Fu Pan
- Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control in China Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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49
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Zhang XL, Guariglia SR, McGlothan JL, Stansfield KH, Stanton PK, Guilarte TR. Presynaptic mechanisms of lead neurotoxicity: effects on vesicular release, vesicle clustering and mitochondria number. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127461. [PMID: 26011056 PMCID: PMC4444102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood lead (Pb2+) intoxication is a global public health problem and accounts for 0.6% of the global burden of disease associated with intellectual disabilities. Despite the recognition that childhood Pb2+ intoxication contributes significantly to intellectual disabilities, there is a fundamental lack of knowledge on presynaptic mechanisms by which Pb2+ disrupts synaptic function. In this study, using a well-characterized rodent model of developmental Pb2+ neurotoxicity, we show that Pb2+ exposure markedly inhibits presynaptic vesicular release in hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in young adult rats. This effect was associated with ultrastructural changes which revealed a reduction in vesicle number in the readily releasable/docked vesicle pool, disperse vesicle clusters in the resting pool, and a reduced number of presynaptic terminals with multiple mitochondria with no change in presynaptic calcium influx. These studies provide fundamental knowledge on mechanisms by which Pb2+ produces profound inhibition of presynaptic vesicular release that contribute to deficits in synaptic plasticity and intellectual development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-lei Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Sara R. Guariglia
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. McGlothan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kirstie H. Stansfield
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Patric K. Stanton
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Tomás R. Guilarte
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Engstrom A, Wang H, Xia Z. Lead decreases cell survival, proliferation, and neuronal differentiation of primary cultured adult neural precursor cells through activation of the JNK and p38 MAP kinases. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1146-55. [PMID: 25967738 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is the process whereby adult neural precursor cells (aNPCs) in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG) generate adult-born, functional neurons in the hippocampus. This process is modulated by various extracellular and intracellular stimuli, and the adult-born neurons have been implicated in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. However, studies on how neurotoxic agents affect this process and the underlying mechanisms are limited. The goal of this study was to determine whether lead, a heavy metal, directly impairs critical processes in adult neurogenesis and to characterize the underlying signaling pathways using primary cultured SGZ-aNPCs isolated from adult mice. We report here that lead significantly increases apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in SGZ-aNPCs. In addition, lead significantly impairs spontaneous neuronal differentiation and maturation. Furthermore, we found that activation of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways are important for lead cytotoxicity. Our data suggest that lead can directly act on adult neural stem cells and impair critical processes in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, which may contribute to its neurotoxicity and adverse effects on cognition in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Engstrom
- Toxicology Program in the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Hao Wang
- Toxicology Program in the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Zhengui Xia
- Toxicology Program in the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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