1
|
Piro-Gambetti B, Schworer EK, Handen B, Glukhovskaya M, Hartley SL. Does Employment Complexity Promote Healthy Cognitive Aging in Down Syndrome? JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2024; 28:499-513. [PMID: 37040598 PMCID: PMC10564966 DOI: 10.1177/17446295231169379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Adults with Down syndrome (DS) experience high risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but there is variability in the timing of transition from a cognitively stable state to prodromal AD and dementia. The present study examined the association between a modifiable lifestyle factor, employment complexity, and cognitive decline across two time points in adults with DS. Employment complexity, defined as the degree of problem-solving or critical thinking required for employment activities, was operationalized using the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, a system which classifies occupations based on three categories: Data, People, and Things. Eighty-seven adults with DS (M = 36.28 years, SD = 6.90 years) were included in analyses. Partial correlations revealed that lower employment complexity involving People and Things were associated with increased dementia symptoms. Lower employment complexity involving Things was also associated with memory decline. These findings have implications for vocational programs focused on job training and placement for adults with DS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Piro-Gambetti
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emily K Schworer
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Benjamin Handen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Sigan L Hartley
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lopez S, Hampel H, Chiesa PA, Del Percio C, Noce G, Lizio R, Teipel SJ, Dyrba M, González-Escamilla G, Bakardjian H, Cavedo E, Lista S, Vergallo A, Lemercier P, Spinelli G, Grothe MJ, Potier MC, Stocchi F, Ferri R, Habert MO, Dubois B, Babiloni C. The association between posterior resting-state EEG alpha rhythms and functional MRI connectivity in older adults with subjective memory complaint. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 137:62-77. [PMID: 38431999 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Resting-state eyes-closed electroencephalographic (rsEEG) alpha rhythms are dominant in posterior cortical areas in healthy adults and are abnormal in subjective memory complaint (SMC) persons with Alzheimer's disease amyloidosis. This exploratory study in 161 SMC participants tested the relationships between those rhythms and seed-based resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) connectivity between thalamus and visual cortical networks as a function of brain amyloid burden, revealed by positron emission tomography and cognitive reserve, measured by educational attainment. The SMC participants were divided into 4 groups according to 2 factors: Education (Edu+ and Edu-) and Amyloid burden (Amy+ and Amy-). There was a statistical interaction (p < 0.05) between the two factors, and the subgroup analysis using estimated marginal means showed a positive association between the mentioned rs-fMRI connectivity and the posterior rsEEG alpha rhythms in the SMC participants with low brain amyloidosis and high CR (Amy-/Edu+). These results suggest that in SMC persons, early Alzheimer's disease amyloidosis may contrast the beneficial effects of cognitive reserve on neurophysiological oscillatory mechanisms at alpha frequencies and connectivity between the thalamus and visual cortical networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Lopez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Harald Hampel
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Patrizia Andrea Chiesa
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris F-75013, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris F-75013, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris F- 75013, France
| | - Claudio Del Percio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Lizio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefan J Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Dyrba
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gabriel González-Escamilla
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hovagim Bakardjian
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris F-75013, France; Centre pour l'Acquisition et le Traitement des Images, (CATI platform), France; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne University, LIB, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Enrica Cavedo
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Simone Lista
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Andrea Vergallo
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Pablo Lemercier
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris F-75013, France; Centre pour l'Acquisition et le Traitement des Images, (CATI platform), France; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne University, LIB, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Giuseppe Spinelli
- Centre pour l'Acquisition et le Traitement des Images, (CATI platform), France; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne University, LIB, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Michel J Grothe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris F- 75013, France
| | - Fabrizio Stocchi
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy; Telematic University, San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marie-Odile Habert
- Centre pour l'Acquisition et le Traitement des Images, (CATI platform), France; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne University, LIB, Paris F-75006, France; AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris F-75013, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris F- 75013, France
| | - Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; San Raffaele Cassino, Cassino, FR, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pappalettera C, Carrarini C, Miraglia F, Vecchio F, Rossini PM. Cognitive resilience/reserve: Myth or reality? A review of definitions and measurement methods. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:3567-3586. [PMID: 38477378 PMCID: PMC11095447 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This review examines the concept of cognitive reserve (CR) in relation to brain aging, particularly in the context of dementia and its early stages. CR refers to an individual's ability to maintain or regain cognitive function despite brain aging, damage, or disease. Various factors, including education, occupation complexity, leisure activities, and genetics are believed to influence CR. METHODS We revised the literature in the context of CR. A total of 842 articles were identified, then we rigorously assessed the relevance of articles based on titles and abstracts, employing a systematic approach to eliminate studies that did not align with our research objectives. RESULTS We evaluate-also in a critical way-the methods commonly used to define and measure CR, including sociobehavioral proxies, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological and genetic measures. The challenges and limitations of these measures are discussed, emphasizing the need for more targeted research to improve the understanding, definition, and measurement of CR. CONCLUSIONS The review underscores the significance of comprehending CR in the context of both normal and pathological brain aging and emphasizes the importance of further research to identify and enhance this protective factor for cognitive preservation in both healthy and neurologically impaired older individuals. HIGHLIGHTS This review examines the concept of cognitive reserve in brain aging, in the context of dementia and its early stages. We have evaluated the methods commonly used to define and measure cognitive reserve. Sociobehavioral proxies, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological and genetic measures are discussed. The review emphasizes the importance of further research to identify and enhance this protective factor for cognitive preservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pappalettera
- Brain Connectivity LaboratoryDepartment of Neuroscience and NeurorehabilitationIRCCS San Raffaele RomaRomeItaly
- Department of Theoretical and Applied ScienceseCampus UniversityNovedrateItaly
| | - Claudia Carrarini
- Brain Connectivity LaboratoryDepartment of Neuroscience and NeurorehabilitationIRCCS San Raffaele RomaRomeItaly
- Department of NeuroscienceCatholic University of Sacred HeartRomeItaly
| | - Francesca Miraglia
- Brain Connectivity LaboratoryDepartment of Neuroscience and NeurorehabilitationIRCCS San Raffaele RomaRomeItaly
- Department of Theoretical and Applied ScienceseCampus UniversityNovedrateItaly
| | - Fabrizio Vecchio
- Brain Connectivity LaboratoryDepartment of Neuroscience and NeurorehabilitationIRCCS San Raffaele RomaRomeItaly
- Department of Theoretical and Applied ScienceseCampus UniversityNovedrateItaly
| | - Paolo M. Rossini
- Brain Connectivity LaboratoryDepartment of Neuroscience and NeurorehabilitationIRCCS San Raffaele RomaRomeItaly
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ai Y, Zhou C, Wang M, Yang C, Zhou S, Dong X, Ye N, Li Y, Wang L, Ren H, Gao X, Xu M, Hu H, Wang Y. Higher remnant cholesterol is associated with an increased risk of amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a community-based cross-sectional study. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1332767. [PMID: 38410746 PMCID: PMC10894954 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1332767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is the most common subtype of MCI, which carries a significantly high risk of transitioning to Alzheimer's disease. Recently, increasing attention has been given to remnant cholesterol (RC), a non-traditional and previously overlooked risk factor. The aim of this study was to explore the association between plasma RC levels and aMCI. Methods Data were obtained from Brain Health Cognitive Management Team in Wuhan (https://hbtcm.66nao.com/admin/). A total of 1,007 community-dwelling elders were recruited for this project. Based on ten tools including general demographic data, cognitive screening and some exclusion scales, these participants were divided into the aMCI (n = 401) and normal cognitive groups (n = 606). Physical examinations were conducted on all participants, with clinical indicators such as blood pressure, blood sugar, and blood lipids collected. Results The aMCI group had significantly higher RC levels compared to the normal cognitive group (0.64 ± 0.431 vs. 0.52 ± 0.447 mmol/L, p < 0.05). Binary logistics regression revealed that occupation (P<0.001, OR = 0.533, 95%CI: 0.423-0.673) and RC (p = 0.014, OR = 1.477, 95% CI:1.081-2.018) were associated factors for aMCI. Partial correlation analysis, after controlling for occupation, showed a significant negative correlation between RC levels and MoCA scores (r = 0.059, p = 0.046), as well as Naming scores (r = 0.070, p = 0.026). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that RC levels had an independent predictive efficacy in predicting aMCI (AUC = 0.580, 95%CI: 0.544 ~ 0.615, P < 0.001). Conclusion Higher RC levels were identified as an independent indicator for aMCI, particularly in the naming cognitive domain among older individuals. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to validate the predictive efficacy of RC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yating Ai
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Engineering Research Center of TCM Protection Technology and New Product Development for the Elderly Brain Health, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyi Zhou
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chongming Yang
- Research Support Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Shi Zhou
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinxiu Dong
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Niansi Ye
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yucan Li
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hairong Ren
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolian Gao
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Xu
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Hu
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Engineering Research Center of TCM Protection Technology and New Product Development for the Elderly Brain Health, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuncui Wang
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Engineering Research Center of TCM Protection Technology and New Product Development for the Elderly Brain Health, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Reiter K, Butts AM, Janecek JK, Correro AN, Nencka A, Agarwal M, Franczak M, Glass Umfleet L. Relationship between cognitive reserve, brain volume, and neuropsychological performance in amnestic and nonamnestic MCI. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2023; 30:940-956. [PMID: 36573001 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2161462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive Reserve (CR) is a theoretical construct that influences the onset and course of cognitive and structural changes that occur with aging and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). There is a paucity of research that examines the relationship of CR and brain volumes in amnestic (aMCI) and nonamnestic (naMCI) separately. This study is a retrospective chart review of MCI patients who underwent neuropsychological evaluation and brain MRI with NeuroReader™ (NR). NR is an FDA-cleared software that standardizes MRI volumes to a control sample. Classifications of aMCI and naMCI were based on Petersen criteria. CR was measured as education, occupation, and word reading. Data analysis included bivariate correlations between CR, neuropsychological test scores, and NR-brain volumes by MCI subtype. The Benjamini-Hochberg method corrected for multiple comparisons. The sample included 91 participants with aMCI and 41 with naMCI. Within naMCI, positive correlations were observed between CR and whole brain volume, total gray matter, bifrontal, left parietal, left occipital, and bilateral cerebellum. Within aMCI, no significant correlations were observed between CR and brain volumes. Positive correlations with CR were observed in language, attention, and visual learning in both aMCI and naMCI groups. The current study adds to the minimal literature on CR and naMCI. Results revealed that CR is associated with volumetrics in naMCI only, though cognitive findings were similar in both MCI groups. Possible explanations include heterogeneous disease pathologies, disease stage, or a differential influence of CR on volumetrics in MCI. Additional longitudinal and biomarker studies will better elucidate this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Reiter
- Cleveland Clinic, Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A M Butts
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - J K Janecek
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - A N Correro
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - A Nencka
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - M Agarwal
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - M Franczak
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - L Glass Umfleet
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Di Tella S, De Marco M, Baglio F, Silveri MC, Venneri A. Resting-state functional connectivity is modulated by cognitive reserve in early Parkinson's disease. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1207988. [PMID: 37691780 PMCID: PMC10485267 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1207988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fronto-striatal disconnection is thought to be at the basis of dysexecutive symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Multiple reserve-related processes may offer resilience against functional decline. Among these, cognitive reserve (CR) refers to the adaptability of cognitive processes. Objective To test the hypothesis that functional connectivity of pathways associated with executive dysfunction in PD is modulated by CR. Methods Twenty-six PD patients and 24 controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Functional connectivity was explored with independent component analysis and seed-based approaches. The following networks were selected from the outcome of the independent component analysis: default-mode (DMN), left and right fronto-parietal (l/rFPN), salience (SalN), sensorimotor (SMN), and occipital visual (OVN). Seed regions were selected in the substantia nigra and in the dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex for the assessment of seed-based functional connectivity maps. Educational and occupational attainments were used as CR proxies. Results Compared with their counterparts with high CR, PD individuals with low CR had reduced posterior DMN functional connectivity in the anterior cingulate and basal ganglia, and bilaterally reduced connectivity in fronto-parietal regions within the networks defined by the dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal seeds. Hyper-connectivity was detected within medial prefrontal regions when comparing low-CR PD with low-CR controls. Conclusion CR may exert a modulatory effect on functional connectivity in basal ganglia and executive-attentional fronto-parietal networks. In PD patients with low CR, attentional control networks seem to be downregulated, whereas higher recruitment of medial frontal regions suggests compensation via an upregulation mechanism. This upregulation might contribute to maintaining efficient cognitive functioning when posterior cortical function is progressively reduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Di Tella
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo De Marco
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Annalena Venneri
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rydström A, Stephen R, Kåreholt I, Darin Mattsson A, Ngandu T, Lehtisalo J, Bäckman L, Kemppainen N, Rinne J, Sindi S, Soininen H, Vanninen R, Solomon A, Mangialasche F. The Role of Brain Integrity in the Association between Occupational Complexity and Cognitive Performance in Subjects with Increased Risk of Dementia. Gerontology 2023; 69:972-985. [PMID: 37071974 DOI: 10.1159/000530688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mechanisms underlying the positive association between occupational mental demands and late-life cognition are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to assess whether the association between occupational complexity and cognition is related to and moderated by brain integrity in individuals at risk for dementia. Brain integrity was appraised throughout structural measures (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) and amyloid accumulation (Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-positron emission tomography, PiB-PET). METHODS Participants from the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) neuroimaging sample - MRI (N = 126), PiB-PET (N = 41) - were included in a post hoc cross-sectional analysis. Neuroimaging parameters comprised the Alzheimer's disease signature (ADS) cortical thickness (FreeSurfer 5.3), medial temporal atrophy (MTA), and amyloid accumulation (PiB-PET). Cognition was assessed using the neuropsychological test battery. Occupational complexity with data, people, and substantive complexity were classified through the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. Linear regression models included cognition as dependent variable, and occupational complexity, measures of brain integrity, and their interaction terms as predictors. RESULTS Occupational complexity with data and substantive complexity were associated with better cognition (overall cognition, executive function) when adjusting for ADS and MTA (independent association). Significant interaction effects between occupational complexity and brain integrity were also found, indicating that, for some indicators of brain integrity and cognition (e.g., overall cognition, processing speed), the positive association between occupational complexity and cognition occurred only among persons with higher brain integrity (moderated association). CONCLUSIONS Among individuals at risk for dementia, occupational complexity does not seem to contribute toward resilience against neuropathology. These exploratory findings require validation in larger populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Rydström
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruth Stephen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ingemar Kåreholt
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Gerontology, School of Health and Welfare, Aging Research Network-Jönköping, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Alexander Darin Mattsson
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Population Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Lehtisalo
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Population Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Kemppainen
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Shireen Sindi
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Neurocenter/Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ritva Vanninen
- Diagnostic Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Unit of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alina Solomon
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- The Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Francesca Mangialasche
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ersoezlue E, Rauchmann BS, Schneider-Axmann T, Wagner M, Ballarini T, Tato M, Utecht J, Kurz C, Papazov B, Guersel S, Burow L, Koller G, Stöcklein S, Keeser D, Bartels C, Brosseron F, Buerger K, Cetindag AC, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Frommann I, Haynes JD, Heneka MT, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Kleinedam L, Laske C, Maier F, Metzger CD, Munk MH, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Ramirez A, Roeske S, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Teipel S, Wiltfang J, Wolfsgruber S, Yakupov R, Duezel E, Jessen F, Perneczky R. Lifelong experiences as a proxy of cognitive reserve moderate the association between connectivity and cognition in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 122:33-44. [PMID: 36476760 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with alterations in functional connectivity (FC) of the brain. The FC underpinnings of CR, that is, lifelong experiences, are largely unknown. Resting-state FC and structural MRI were performed in 76 CSF amyloid-β (Aβ) negative healthy controls and 152 Aβ positive individuals as an AD spectrum cohort (ADS; 55 with subjective cognitive decline, SCD; 52 with mild cognitive impairment; 45 with AD dementia). Following a region-of-interest (ROI) FC analysis, intrinsic network connectivity within the default-mode network (INC-DMN) and anti-correlation in INC between the DMN and dorsal attention network (DMN:DAN) were obtained as composite scores. CR was estimated by education and Lifetime Experiences Questionnaire (LEQ). The association between INC-DMN and MEM was attenuated by higher LEQ scores in the entire ADS group, particularly in SCD. In ROI analyses, higher LEQ scores were associated with higher FC within the DMN in ADS group. INC-DMN remains relatively intact despite memory decline in individuals with higher lifetime activity estimates, supporting a role for functional networks in maintaining cognitive function in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Ersoezlue
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurology (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Thomas Schneider-Axmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Tommaso Ballarini
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Maia Tato
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Utecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Kurz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris Papazov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Selim Guersel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lena Burow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Koller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophia Stöcklein
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Arda C Cetindag
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurology and Psychiatry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - John D Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Luca Kleinedam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Coraline D Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra Roeske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike J Spruth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Duezel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurology (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kleineidam L, Wolfsgruber S, Weyrauch AS, Zulka LE, Forstmeier S, Roeske S, van den Bussche H, Kaduszkiewicz H, Wiese B, Weyerer S, Werle J, Fuchs A, Pentzek M, Brettschneider C, König HH, Weeg D, Bickel H, Luppa M, Rodriguez FS, Freiesleben SD, Erdogan S, Unterfeld C, Peters O, Spruth EJ, Altenstein S, Lohse A, Priller J, Fliessbach K, Kobeleva X, Schneider A, Bartels C, Schott BH, Wiltfang J, Maier F, Glanz W, Incesoy EI, Butryn M, Düzel E, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Ewers M, Rauchmann BS, Perneczky R, Kilimann I, Görß D, Teipel S, Laske C, Munk MHJ, Spottke A, Roy N, Brosseron F, Heneka MT, Ramirez A, Yakupov R, Scherer M, Maier W, Jessen F, Riedel-Heller SG, Wagner M. Midlife occupational cognitive requirements protect cognitive function in old age by increasing cognitive reserve. Front Psychol 2022; 13:957308. [PMID: 36571008 PMCID: PMC9773841 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.957308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several lifestyle factors promote protection against Alzheimer's disease (AD) throughout a person's lifespan. Although such protective effects have been described for occupational cognitive requirements (OCR) in midlife, it is currently unknown whether they are conveyed by brain maintenance (BM), brain reserve (BR), or cognitive reserve (CR) or a combination of them. Methods We systematically derived hypotheses for these resilience concepts and tested them in the population-based AgeCoDe cohort and memory clinic-based AD high-risk DELCODE study. The OCR score (OCRS) was measured using job activities based on the O*NET occupational classification system. Four sets of analyses were conducted: (1) the interaction of OCR and APOE-ε4 with regard to cognitive decline (N = 2,369, AgeCoDe), (2) association with differentially shaped retrospective trajectories before the onset of dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT; N = 474, AgeCoDe), (3) cross-sectional interaction of the OCR and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers and brain structural measures regarding memory function (N = 873, DELCODE), and (4) cross-sectional and longitudinal association of OCR with CSF AD biomarkers and brain structural measures (N = 873, DELCODE). Results Regarding (1), higher OCRS was associated with a reduced association of APOE-ε4 with cognitive decline (mean follow-up = 6.03 years), consistent with CR and BR. Regarding (2), high OCRS was associated with a later onset but subsequently stronger cognitive decline in individuals converting to DAT, consistent with CR. Regarding (3), higher OCRS was associated with a weaker association of the CSF Aβ42/40 ratio and hippocampal volume with memory function, consistent with CR. Regarding (4), OCR was not associated with the levels or changes in CSF AD biomarkers (mean follow-up = 2.61 years). We found a cross-sectional, age-independent association of OCRS with some MRI markers, but no association with 1-year-change. OCR was not associated with the intracranial volume. These results are not completely consistent with those of BR or BM. Discussion Our results support the link between OCR and CR. Promoting and seeking complex and stimulating work conditions in midlife could therefore contribute to increased resistance to pathologies in old age and might complement prevention measures aimed at reducing pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Kleineidam
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany,*Correspondence: Luca Kleineidam
| | | | - Anne-Sophie Weyrauch
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Linn E. Zulka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Department of Psychology and Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon Forstmeier
- Developmental Psychology and Clinical Psychology of the Lifespan, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Sandra Roeske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Hendrik van den Bussche
- Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Kaduszkiewicz
- Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,Medical Faculty, Institute of General Practice, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Birgitt Wiese
- Center for Information Management, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weyerer
- Medical Faculty, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Werle
- Medical Faculty, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Fuchs
- Medical Faculty, Centre for Health and Society (CHS), Institute of General Practice (ifam), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Pentzek
- Medical Faculty, Centre for Health and Society (CHS), Institute of General Practice (ifam), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Brettschneider
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Weeg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Bickel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Luppa
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Francisca S. Rodriguez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany,Medical Faculty, Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Silka Dawn Freiesleben
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, Campus Berlin-Buch, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany,Memory Clinic and Dementia Prevention Center, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Selin Erdogan
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, Campus Berlin-Buch, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany,Memory Clinic and Dementia Prevention Center, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Chantal Unterfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, Campus Berlin-Buch, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany,Memory Clinic and Dementia Prevention Center, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Eike J. Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Xenia Kobeleva
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Björn H. Schott
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany,Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Enise I. Incesoy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Butryn
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany,Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany,Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,Sheeld Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheeld, Sheeld, United Kingdom
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Doreen Görß
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany,Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias H. J. Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany,Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany,Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Michael T. Heneka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Scherer
- Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Steffi G. Riedel-Heller
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Curreri C, Trevisan C, Grande G, Giantin V, Ceolin C, Maggi S, Noale M, Baggio G, Sergi G. The influence of occupation type and complexity on cognitive performance in older adults. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 326:111542. [PMID: 36137478 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sociodemographic factors, such as education and occupation, may influence the individual's cognitive reserve. We explored the extent to which the type and complexity of previous work activities influence cognitive performance (evaluated with Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE, and the Animal Naming Test, ANT) in 799 older people with or without brain damage. The presence of cortical/subcortical ischemic brain lesions and right/left hippocampal atrophy was derived from magnetic resonance imaging. We found that individuals who had done intellectual work had better MMSE and ANT scores than their counterparts in the presence of brain lesions or hippocampal atrophy. Among the manual workers there were significant differences between the MMSE scores of individuals with and without brain damage (mean MMSE difference (2.09 [SD: 0.68], p=0.01), but not among the intellectuals (0.19 [SD: 0.29], p=0.36) nor the service providers (1.67 [SD: 0.55], p=0.21). Occupations involving more complex dealings with people were associated with better MMSE scores in the presence of brain lesions [β=-0.41, 95%CI: -0.72,-0.09] and hippocampal atrophy [β=-0.29, 95%CI:-0.58,-0.001]. These results indicate that in more cognitively stimulating work with greater social interaction may help older individuals preserve cognitive functions, even in the presence of brain damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Curreri
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Caterina Trevisan
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulia Grande
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valter Giantin
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Ceolin
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefania Maggi
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Padua, Italy
| | - Marianna Noale
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanella Baggio
- Italian Center for Studies on Gender Health and Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sergi
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
McKenzie C, Bucks RS, Weinborn M, Bourgeat P, Salvado O, Gavett BE. Residual reserve index modifies the effect of amyloid pathology on fluorodeoxyglucose metabolism: Implications for efficiency and capacity in cognitive reserve. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:943823. [PMID: 36034126 PMCID: PMC9413056 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.943823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The residual approach to measuring cognitive reserve (using the residual reserve index) aims to capture cognitive resilience conferred by cognitive reserve, but may be confounded by factors representing brain resilience. We sought to distinguish between brain and cognitive resilience by comparing interactions between the residual reserve index and amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration [“AT(N)”] biomarkers when predicting executive function. We hypothesized that the residual reserve index would moderate at least one path from an AT(N) biomarker to executive function (consistent with cognitive resilience), as opposed to moderating a path between two AT(N) biomarkers (suggestive of brain resilience). Methods Participants (N = 332) were from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. The residual reserve index represented the difference between observed and predicted memory performance (a positive residual reserve index suggests higher cognitive reserve). AT(N) biomarkers were: CSF β-amyloid1–42/β-amyloid1–40 (A), plasma phosphorylated tau-181 (T), and FDG metabolism in AD-specific regions ([N]). AT(N) biomarkers (measured at consecutive time points) were entered in a sequential mediation model testing the indirect effects from baseline amyloid to executive function intercept (third annual follow-up) and slope (baseline to seventh follow-up), via tau and/or FDG metabolism. The baseline residual reserve index was entered as a moderator of paths between AT(N) biomarkers (e.g., amyloid-tau), and paths between AT(N) biomarkers and executive function. Results The residual reserve index interacted with amyloid pathology when predicting FDG metabolism: the indirect effect of amyloid → FDG metabolism → executive function intercept and slope varied as a function of the residual reserve index. With lower amyloid pathology, executive function performance was comparable at different levels of the residual reserve index, but a higher residual reserve index was associated with lower FDG metabolism. With higher amyloid pathology, a higher residual reserve index predicted better executive function via higher FDG metabolism. Conclusion The effect of the residual reserve index on executive function performance via FDG metabolism was consistent with cognitive resilience. This suggests the residual reserve index captures variation in cognitive reserve; specifically, neural efficiency, and neural capacity to upregulate metabolism to enhance cognitive resilience in the face of greater amyloid pathology. Implications for future research include the potential bidirectionality between neural efficiency and amyloid accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn McKenzie
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Cathryn McKenzie,
| | - Romola S. Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Weinborn
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Pierrick Bourgeat
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Olivier Salvado
- Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brandon E. Gavett
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ciccarelli N, Colombo B, Pepe F, Magni E, Antonietti A, Silveri MC. Cognitive reserve: a multidimensional protective factor in Parkinson's disease related cognitive impairment. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2022; 29:687-702. [PMID: 33629649 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2021.1892026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We explored the association between cognitive reserve (CR) and Parkinson' s disease (PD) related cognitive deterioration.Forty PD patients and 12 matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. The PD group was balanced for the presence/absence of cognitive impairment. All participants underwent MOCA. CR was measured by the Brief Intelligence Test, and a new comprehensive tool, named Cognitive Reserve Test (CoRe-T), including sections on leisure activities and creativity.Participants with higher CR obtained a better MOCA score irrespective of the group they belonged to. At the same time, irrespective of the CR level, the performance of the HC group was always better in comparison to the PD group. Within the PD group, a higher frequency of leisure activities was associated to be cognitively unimpaired, independently by the severity of motor symptoms and age.CR could help to cope with PD-related cognitive decline. Its multidimensional nature could have important applications in prevention and rehabilitation interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fulvio Pepe
- Department of Neuroscience, Poliambulanza Foundation, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eugenio Magni
- Department of Neuroscience, Poliambulanza Foundation, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Robinson TL, Gogniat MA, Jean KR, Miller LS. Pre-Morbid IQ Moderates the Relationship between Cognitive Performance and Performance-Based Functional Status in Older Adults. Clin Gerontol 2022; 45:722-732. [PMID: 32543295 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2020.1769784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The current study sought to evaluate the relationship between cognitive performance and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) performance in a population of community dwelling older adults, and assess to what extent this relationship is moderated by cognitive reserve (Premorbid-IQ)Methods: 123 community-dwelling older adults completed a general cognitive assessment, a word-reading based premorbid-IQ estimate (PMIQE) measure, and the performance-based Direct Assessment of Functional Status, Revised (DAFS-R). Moderated regression analysis was used to assess the influence of PMIQE on the relationship between cognitive performance and IADLs.Results: There was a significant main effect of cognitive performance on IADLs, and no main effect of PMIQE on functional IADLs. There was a significant moderating effect of PMIQE on the relationship between cognitive performance and IADLs performance, such that at higher levels of PMIQE, cognitive performance scores became slightly less predictive of weaknesses in IADLs.Conclusions: Results suggest that for individuals with high reserve, assessment of cognitive performance alone may not be robust a predictor of IADLs functioning.Clinical implications: In estimating functional abilities as a consequence of cognitive performance, consideration should be given to premorbid-IQ/cognitive reserve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talia L Robinson
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Marissa A Gogniat
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kharine R Jean
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - L Stephen Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bransby L, Buckley RF, Rosenich E, Franks KH, Yassi N, Maruff P, Pase MP, Lim YY. The relationship between cognitive engagement and better memory in midlife. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 14:e12278. [PMID: 35155733 PMCID: PMC8828986 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Engagement in cognitively stimulating work and activities may slow cognitive decline and dementia. We examined the individual and combined associations of four cognitive engagement indices (educational attainment, occupational complexity, social engagement, and cognitively stimulating leisure activities) with objective and subjective cognition. METHODS Middle-aged adults (n = 1864) enrolled in the Healthy Brain Project completed the Cogstate Brief Battery, the Cognitive Function Instrument, and self-report questionnaires of cognitive engagement. RESULTS Educational attainment and leisure activity engagement were individually associated with memory performance. Participants were classified based on whether they rated highly in zero to four cognitive engagement indices. Compared to participants with no indices, participants with two or more indices performed moderately better on memory. DISCUSSION Results suggest that greater variety of cognitive engagement across different areas of life is related to better memory in midlife. Possible explanation for this relationship may be increased opportunity for enhancing cognitive reserve, but further investigations are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bransby
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health School of Psychological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Rachel F Buckley
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
- Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment Department of Neurology Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Emily Rosenich
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health School of Psychological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Katherine H Franks
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health School of Psychological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Nawaf Yassi
- Department of Medicine and Neurology Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
- Population Health and Immunity Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Parkville Victoria Australia
- Cogstate Ltd. Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Matthew P Pase
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health School of Psychological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Yen Ying Lim
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health School of Psychological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sala A, Malpetti M, Farsad M, Lubian F, Magnani G, Frasca Polara G, Epiney J, Abutalebi J, Assal F, Garibotto V, Perani D. Lifelong bilingualism and mechanisms of neuroprotection in Alzheimer dementia. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:581-592. [PMID: 34729858 PMCID: PMC8720191 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifelong bilingualism is associated with delayed dementia onset, suggesting a protective effect on the brain. Here, we aim to study the effects of lifelong bilingualism as a dichotomous and continuous phenomenon, on brain metabolism and connectivity in individuals with Alzheimer's dementia. Ninety-eight patients with Alzheimer's dementia (56 monolinguals; 42 bilinguals) from three centers entered the study. All underwent an [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) imaging session. A language background questionnaire measured the level of language use for conversation and reading. Severity of brain hypometabolism and strength of connectivity of the major neurocognitive networks was compared across monolingual and bilingual individuals, and tested against the frequency of second language life-long usage. Age, years of education, and MMSE score were included in all above mentioned analyses as nuisance covariates. Cerebral hypometabolism was more severe in bilingual compared to monolingual patients; severity of hypometabolism positively correlated with the degree of second language use. The metabolic connectivity analyses showed increased connectivity in the executive, language, and anterior default mode networks in bilingual compared to monolingual patients. The change in neuronal connectivity was stronger in subjects with higher second language use. All effects were most pronounced in the left cerebral hemisphere. The neuroprotective effects of lifelong bilingualism act both against neurodegenerative processes and through the modulation of brain networks connectivity. These findings highlight the relevance of lifelong bilingualism in brain reserve and compensation, supporting bilingual education and social interventions aimed at usage, and maintenance of two or more languages, including dialects, especially crucial in the elderly people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Sala
- San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
- Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San RaffaeleMilanItaly
| | - Maura Malpetti
- Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San RaffaeleMilanItaly
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Mohsen Farsad
- Nuclear Medicine UnitAzienda Sanitaria dell'Alto Adige BolzanoBolzanoItaly
| | - Francesca Lubian
- Nuclear Medicine UnitAzienda Sanitaria dell'Alto Adige BolzanoBolzanoItaly
| | | | | | | | | | - Frédéric Assal
- Neurology DepartmentUniversity Hospitals GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Diagnostic DepartmentUniversity Hospitals GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- NIMTLab, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Daniela Perani
- San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
- Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San RaffaeleMilanItaly
- Nuclear Medicine UnitSan Raffaele HospitalMilanItaly
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cognitive reserve proxies, Alzheimer pathologies, and cognition. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 110:88-95. [PMID: 34879329 PMCID: PMC9234822 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the moderating effects of the frequently used cognitive reserve (CR) proxies [i.e., education, premorbid intelligence quotient (pIQ), occupational complexity (OC), and lifetime cognitive activity (LCA)] on the relationships between various in vivo Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies and cognition. In total, 351 [268 cognitively unimpaired (CU), 83 cognitive impaired (CI)] older adults underwent multi-modal brain imaging to measure AD pathologies and cognitive assessments, and information on CR proxies was obtained. For overall participants, only education moderated the relationship between Aβ deposition and cognition. Education, pIQ, and LCA, but not OC, showed moderating effect on the relationship between AD-signature cerebral hypometabolism and cognition. In contrast, only OC had a moderating effect on the relationship between cortical atrophy of the AD-signature regions and cognition. Such moderation effects of the CR proxies were similarly observed in CI individuals, but most of them were not in CU individuals. The findings suggest that the proposed CR proxies have different moderating effects on the relationships between specific AD pathologies and cognition.
Collapse
|
17
|
Tong XW, Zhang YT, Yu ZW, Pu SD, Li X, Xu YX, Shan YY, Gao XY. Triglyceride Glucose Index is Related with the Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:3577-3587. [PMID: 36426213 PMCID: PMC9680968 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s389327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index reflects insulin resistance; the latter being associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical value of the TyG index to identify MCI in patients living with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using a cross-sectional study. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 517 patients with T2D. The diagnosis of MCI was based on criteria established by the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroup, and patients were divided into the MCI group and the normal cognitive function (NCF) group. The logistic regression analysis determines whether the TyG index is related to MCI. Subsequently, we constructed the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and calculated the area under the curve (AUC). The nomogram model of the influence factor was established and verified. RESULTS Compared to the type 2 diabetes-normal cognitive function (T2D-NCF) group, the MCI subjects were olderand had higher TyG indexes, lower cognitive scores, and lower education levels (p < 0.01). After adjusting for the confounders, the TyG index was associated with MCI (OR = 7.37, 95% CI = 4.72-11.50, p < 0.01), and TyG-BMI was also associated with MCI (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.01-1.02, p<0.01). The TyG index AUC was 0.79 (95% CI = 0.76-0.83). The consistency index of the nomogram was 0. 83[95% CI (0. 79, 0. 86)]. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the TyG index and TyG-BMI are associated with MCI in T2D patients, and the TyG index is an excellent indicator of the risk of MCI in T2D patients. The nomogram incorporating the TyG index is useful to predict MCI risk in patients with T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wei Tong
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Tong Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-Wei Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Dan Pu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xin Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Yan Shan
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yuan Gao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xin-Yuan Gao, Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-18846030512, Email
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fingerhut H, Gozdas E, Hosseini SH. Quantitative MRI Evidence for Cognitive Reserve in Healthy Elders and Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:849-863. [PMID: 35964179 PMCID: PMC9928487 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive reserve (CR) has been postulated to contribute to the variation observed between neuropathology and clinical outcomes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of an education-occupation derived CR proxy on biological properties of white matter tracts in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and healthy elders (HC). METHODS Educational attainment and occupational complexity ratings (complexity with data, people, and things) from thirty-five patients with aMCI and twenty-eight HC were used to generate composite CR scores. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) and multi-shell diffusion MRI were used to extract macromolecular tissue volume (MTV) across major white matter tracts. RESULTS We observed significant differences in the association between CR and white matter tract MTV in aMCI versus HC when age, gender, intracranial volume, and memory ability were held constant. Particularly, in aMCI, higher CR was associated with worse tract pathology (lower MTV) in the left and right dorsal cingulum, callosum forceps major, right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) tracts. Conversely higher CR was associated with higher MTV in the right parahippocampal cingulum and left SLF in HC. CONCLUSION Our results support compensatory CR mechanisms in aMCI and neuroprotective mechanisms in HC and suggest differential roles for CR on white matter macromolecular properties in healthy elders versus prodromal AD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S.M. Hadi Hosseini
- Correspondence to: S.M. Hadi Hosseini, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, C-BRAIN Lab, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA 94305-5795, USA. Tel.: +1 650 723 5798;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Foley ÉM, Tripodis Y, Yhang E, Koerte IK, Martin BM, Palmisano J, Makris N, Schultz V, Lepage C, Muehlmann M, Wróbel PP, Guenette JP, Cantu RC, Lin AP, Coleman M, Mez J, Bouix S, Shenton ME, Stern RA, Alosco ML. Quantifying and Examining Reserve in Symptomatic Former National Football League Players. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 85:675-689. [PMID: 34864657 PMCID: PMC8926024 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive head impacts (RHI) from contact sports have been associated with cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, not all individuals exposed to RHI develop such disorders. This may be explained by the reserve hypothesis. It remains unclear if the reserve hypothesis accounts for the heterogenous symptom presentation in RHI-exposed individuals. Moreover, optimal measurement of reserve in this population is unclear and likely unique from non-athlete populations. OBJECTIVE We examined the association between metrics of reserve and cognitive and neuropsychiatric functioning in 89 symptomatic former National Football League players. METHODS Individual-level proxies (e.g., education) defined reserve. We additionally quantified reserve as remaining residual variance in 1) episodic memory and 2) executive functioning performance, after accounting for demographics and brain pathology. Associations between reserve metrics and cognitive and neuropsychiatric functioning were examined. RESULTS Higher reading ability was associated with better attention/information processing (β=0.25; 95% CI, 0.05-0.46), episodic memory (β=0.27; 95% CI, 0.06-0.48), semantic and phonemic fluency (β=0.24; 95% CI, 0.02-0.46; β=0.38; 95% CI, 0.17-0.59), and behavioral regulation (β=-0.26; 95% CI, -0.48, -0.03) performance. There were no effects for other individual-level proxies. Residual episodic memory variance was associated with better attention/information processing (β=0.45; 95% CI, 0.25, 0.65), executive functioning (β=0.36; 95% CI, 0.15, 0.57), and semantic fluency (β=0.38; 95% CI, 0.17, 0.59) performance. Residual executive functioning variance was associated with better attention/information processing (β=0.44; 95% CI, 0.24, 0.64) and episodic memory (β=0.37; 95% CI, 0.16, 0.58) performance. CONCLUSION Traditional reserve proxies (e.g., years of education, occupational attainment) have limitations and may be unsuitable for use in elite athlete samples. Alternative approaches of reserve quantification may prove more suitable for this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Éimear M. Foley
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eukyung Yhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Inga K. Koerte
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Brett M. Martin
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Palmisano
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikos Makris
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vivian Schultz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chris Lepage
- QEII Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Marc Muehlmann
- Department of Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Paweł P. Wróbel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey P. Guenette
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert C. Cantu
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Concussion Legacy Foundation, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Emerson Hospital, Concord, MA, USA
| | - Alexander P. Lin
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Coleman
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Framingham Heart Study, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha E. Shenton
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert A. Stern
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael L. Alosco
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Correspondence to: Michael L. Alosco, PhD, Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA 02118, USA. Tel.: +1 617 358 6029;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kittel-Schneider S, Arteaga-Henriquez G, Vasquez AA, Asherson P, Banaschewski T, Brikell I, Buitelaar J, Cormand B, Faraone SV, Freitag CM, Ginsberg Y, Haavik J, Hartman CA, Kuntsi J, Larsson H, Matura S, McNeill RV, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Ribases M, Romanos M, Vainieri I, Franke B, Reif A. Non-mental diseases associated with ADHD across the lifespan: Fidgety Philipp and Pippi Longstocking at risk of multimorbidity? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:1157-1180. [PMID: 34757108 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several non-mental diseases seem to be associated with an increased risk of ADHD and ADHD seems to be associated with increased risk for non-mental diseases. The underlying trajectories leading to such brain-body co-occurrences are often unclear - are there direct causal relationships from one disorder to the other, or does the sharing of genetic and/or environmental risk factors lead to their occurring together more frequently or both? Our goal with this narrative review was to provide a conceptual synthesis of the associations between ADHD and non-mental disease across the lifespan. We discuss potential shared pathologic mechanisms, genetic background and treatments in co-occurring diseases. For those co-occurrences for which published studies with sufficient sample sizes exist, meta-analyses have been published by others and we discuss those in detail. We conclude that non-mental diseases are common in ADHD and vice versa and add to the disease burden of the patient across the lifespan. Insufficient attention to such co-occurring conditions may result in missed diagnoses and suboptimal treatment in the affected individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Gara Arteaga-Henriquez
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Arias Vasquez
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Phil Asherson
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Isabell Brikell
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Fuglesangs Allé 26, DK-8210 Aarhus V, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Box 281, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bru Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Deutschordenstraße 50, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ylva Ginsberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Norra Stationsgatan 69, SE-113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Haavik
- Bergen Center of Brain Plasticity, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Postboks 1400, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Box 281, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences, Campus USÖ, S-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Silke Matura
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rhiannon V McNeill
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Ribases
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Isabella Vainieri
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Barbara Franke
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Huang LY, Hu HY, Wang ZT, Ma YH, Dong Q, Tan L, Yu JT. Association of Occupational Factors and Dementia or Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 78:217-227. [PMID: 32986670 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several existing studies have reported that occupational factors might play an important part in cognitive function with aging. OBJECTIVE We aim to explore the associations between modifiable occupational factors and risk of dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS Adopting random-effect models, this study conducted primary analyses for all occupational factors and subgroup analyses for the effect of occupation type based on prospective cohort and case-control studies searched from PubMed and EMBASE databases up to March 2020. RESULTS Among the 38,111 identified literatures, 9 studies on occupation type, 4 studies on work complexity, and 30 studies on occupational exposure were included. In terms of occupation type, mental work conferred a 44% reduced risk (95% CI = 0.34-0.94, I² = 85.00%, p < 0.01) for MCI. In terms of work complexity, higher work complexity conferred a 5% reduced risk (95% CI = 0.91-1.00, I² = 57.00%, p < 0.01) for dementia. In terms of occupational exposure, high strain and passive job in the longest-held job conferred a 1.21- and 1.15-fold excess risk (95% CI = 1.05-1.39 I² = 62.00%, p < 0.05; 95% CI = 1.05-1.26 I² = 31.00%, p = 0.23; respectively) of cognitive decline. Besides, magnetic field exposure conferred a 1.26-fold excess risk (95% CI = 1.01-1.57, I² = 69.00%, p < 0.01) for dementia. CONCLUSION Novel prevention strategies based on occupational factors may hold promise against dementia and MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - He-Ying Hu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zuo-Teng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Hui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pereiro AX, Valladares-Rodríguez S, Felpete A, Lojo-Seoane C, Campos-Magdaleno M, Mallo SC, Facal D, Anido-Rifón L, Belleville S, Juncos-Rabadán O. Relevance of Complaint Severity in Predicting the Progression of Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Machine Learning Approach. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1229-1242. [PMID: 34151806 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) is a core criterion for diagnosis of subjective cognitive decline (SCD); however, no standard procedure for distinguishing normative and non-normative SCCs has yet been established. OBJECTIVE To determine whether differentiation of participants with SCD according to SCC severity improves the validity of the prediction of progression in SCD and MCI and to explore validity metrics for two extreme thresholds of the distribution in scores in a questionnaire on SCCs. METHODS Two hundred and fifty-three older adults with SCCs participating in the Compostela Aging Study (CompAS) were classified as MCI or SCD at baseline. The participants underwent two follow-up assessments and were classified as cognitively stable or worsened. Severity of SCCs (low and high) in SCD was established by using two different percentiles of the questionnaire score distribution as cut-off points. The validity of these cut-off points for predicting progression using socio-demographic, health, and neuropsychological variables was tested by machine learning (ML) analysis. RESULTS Severity of SCCs in SCD established considering the 5th percentile as a cut-off point proved to be the best metric for predicting progression. The variables with the main role in conforming the predictive algorithm were those related to memory, cognitive reserve, general health, and the stability of diagnosis over time. CONCLUSION Moderate to high complainers showed an increased probability of progression in cognitive decline, suggesting the clinical relevance of standard procedures to determine SCC severity. Our findings highlight the important role of the multimodal ML approach in predicting progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Xosé Pereiro
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Alba Felpete
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Lojo-Seoane
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Campos-Magdaleno
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sabela Carme Mallo
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - David Facal
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis Anido-Rifón
- School of Telecommunication Engineering>, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sylvie Belleville
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Specific occupational profiles as proxies of cognitive reserve induce neuroprotection in dementia with Lewy bodies. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:1427-1437. [PMID: 32737825 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive reserve (CR) delays cognitive decline due to neurodegeneration. Heterogeneous evidence suggests that education may act as CR in Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). No data, however, are currently available on the role of occupation as proxy of CR in this neuropathology. Thirty-three patients with probable DLB were retrospectively included. We performed regression analyses models (TFCE p < 0.05) and seed-based interregional correlation analyses (p = 0.001, FWE-corrected at cluster-level) with brain metabolism. We aimed at exploring the relationship between brain metabolic connectivity, as assessed by FDG-PET, in the relevant resting-state networks and CR proxies (education, 6-levels occupation, and the specific O*Net occupational profiles). Education modulates executive (ECN), attentive (ATTN) and posterior default mode (PDMN) networks in the highly educated DLB subjects, as shown by an increased metabolic connectivity, acting as a compensatory mechanism. High scores of the 6-levels occupation scale were associated with a decreased connectivity in the anterior default mode (ADMN) and high visual network (HVN), suggesting brain reserve mechanisms. As for the specific O*Net occupational profiles, these modulated ADMN, PDMN, ATTN, ECN, HVN and primary visual network (PVN) connectivity according to different neuroprotection mechanisms, namely neural reserve and compensation against neurodegeneration. This study highlights the relevance of life-long occupational activities at individual level in the neural expression of compensatory and neuroprotective mechanisms in DLB.
Collapse
|
24
|
Li X, Zhou S, Zhu W, Li X, Gao Z, Li M, Luo S, Wu X, Tian Y, Yu Y. Sex Difference in Network Topology and Education Correlated With Sex Difference in Cognition During the Disease Process of Alzheimer. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:639529. [PMID: 34149392 PMCID: PMC8209320 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.639529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) manifests differently in males and females. However, the neuro-mechanism and influence factors are still unknown. Objective: To explore sex differences in brain network topology during AD disease progression and its association with cognition and possible influencing factors. Methods: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and cognitive scores were collected from 82 AD patients (50 females), 56 amnestic mildly cognitive impaired patients (29 females), and 63 healthy controls (38 females). Global and regional topological network metrics and modular architecture were calculated. Two-way ANOVA was performed to explore group and sex interactions and their main effects. Mediation analysis was used to explore the relationship among education, inter/intra-network connectivity, and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. Results: Lower levels of education, lower MMSE scores, and a positive correlation between the level of education and MMSE scores were found in female AD patients (p = 0.024, r = 0.319). Significantly lower connectivity strength within the sensorimotor network, dorsal attention network, ventral attention network (VAN), and between the sensorimotor and VAN were observed in male AD patients (p = 0.006, 0.028, 0.046, and 0.013, respectively). Group and sex interactions were also found in nodal properties, mainly in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, middle cingulum, precuneus, and postcentral gyrus. Several of the altered brain network properties were associated with cognitive behavior in male AD patients. Education regulated the MMSE score through the mediation of connection strength between the default mode and limbic networks (LN) in the patient group (aMCI and AD combined). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that sex differences exist at the brain network level in AD. Sex differences in network topology and education are correlated with sex differences in cognition during AD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - ShanShan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wanqiu Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohu Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ziwen Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meiqin Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shilei Luo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xingqi Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanghua Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Carli G, Tondo G, Boccalini C, Perani D. Brain Molecular Connectivity in Neurodegenerative Conditions. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11040433. [PMID: 33800680 PMCID: PMC8067093 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) allows for the in vivo assessment of early brain functional and molecular changes in neurodegenerative conditions, representing a unique tool in the diagnostic workup. The increased use of multivariate PET imaging analysis approaches has provided the chance to investigate regional molecular processes and long-distance brain circuit functional interactions in the last decade. PET metabolic and neurotransmission connectome can reveal brain region interactions. This review is an overview of concepts and methods for PET molecular and metabolic covariance assessment with evidence in neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease and Lewy bodies disease spectrum. We highlight the effects of environmental and biological factors on brain network organization. All of the above might contribute to innovative diagnostic tools and potential disease-modifying interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Carli
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20121 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (G.T.); (C.B.)
- In Vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20121 Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Tondo
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20121 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (G.T.); (C.B.)
- In Vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20121 Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Boccalini
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20121 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (G.T.); (C.B.)
- In Vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20121 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Perani
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20121 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (G.T.); (C.B.)
- In Vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20121 Milan, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, 20121 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-26432224
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Çebi M, Kulce SN. The Turkish translation study of the Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (CRIq). APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2021; 29:1536-1542. [PMID: 33721510 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1896519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive reserve (CR) is defined as the ability of individuals to use their brain in a flexible way to cope with brain pathologies and find alternative cognitive strategies. AIM The aim of this study was to adapt Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (CRIq) for Turkish population. METHODS The CRIq was administered to 178 healthy participants from 18 to 80 years old. RESULTS The mean score of total CRI was found to be 97.7 indicating a medium level of CR. In line with the mean score, 68.6% of participants (n = 120) were found to have a medium level of CRI. The elderly group showed lowest total CRI as well as CRI-education, CRI-work, and CRI-leisure scores compared to young and middle-aged groups (p < .05, for all scores). CONCLUSIONS This study provided the first translated measure to assess CR in Turkish population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merve Çebi
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sumeyye Nur Kulce
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Babiloni C, Ferri R, Noce G, Lizio R, Lopez S, Lorenzo I, Panzavolta A, Soricelli A, Nobili F, Arnaldi D, Famà F, Orzi F, Buttinelli C, Giubilei F, Cipollini V, Marizzoni M, Güntekin B, Aktürk T, Hanoğlu L, Yener G, Özbek Y, Stocchi F, Vacca L, Frisoni GB, Del Percio C. Abnormalities of Cortical Sources of Resting State Alpha Electroencephalographic Rhythms are Related to Education Attainment in Cognitively Unimpaired Seniors and Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Amnesic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2220-2237. [PMID: 33251540 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In normal old (Nold) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) persons, a high cognitive reserve (CR) makes them more resistant and resilient to brain neuropathology and neurodegeneration. Here, we tested whether these effects may affect neurophysiological oscillatory mechanisms generating dominant resting state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) alpha rhythms in Nold and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD (ADMCI). Data in 60 Nold and 70 ADMCI participants, stratified in higher (Edu+) and lower (Edu-) educational attainment subgroups, were available in an Italian-Turkish archive. The subgroups were matched for age, gender, and education. RsEEG cortical sources were estimated by eLORETA freeware. As compared to the Nold-Edu- subgroup, the Nold-Edu+ subgroup showed greater alpha source activations topographically widespread. On the contrary, in relation to the ADMCI-Edu- subgroup, the ADMCI-Edu+ subgroup displayed lower alpha source activations topographically widespread. Furthermore, the 2 ADMCI subgroups had matched cerebrospinal AD diagnostic biomarkers, brain gray-white matter measures, and neuropsychological scores. The current findings suggest that a high CR may be related to changes in rsEEG alpha rhythms in Nold and ADMCI persons. These changes may underlie neuroprotective effects in Nold seniors and subtend functional compensatory mechanisms unrelated to brain structure alterations in ADMCI patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,San Raffaele of Cassino, Cassino, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Susanna Lopez
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Panzavolta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS SDN, Napoli, Italy.,Department of Motor Sciences and Healthiness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Clinica Neurologica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.,Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Oftalmologia, Genetica, Riabilitazione e Scienze Materno-infantili (DiNOGMI), Università di Genova, Italy
| | - Dario Arnaldi
- Clinica Neurologica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.,Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Oftalmologia, Genetica, Riabilitazione e Scienze Materno-infantili (DiNOGMI), Università di Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Famà
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Oftalmologia, Genetica, Riabilitazione e Scienze Materno-infantili (DiNOGMI), Università di Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Orzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Buttinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Giubilei
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Cipollini
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Moira Marizzoni
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Bahar Güntekin
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,REMER, Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Lab., Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Aktürk
- REMER, Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Lab., Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lutfu Hanoğlu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Görsev Yener
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Özbek
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fabrizio Stocchi
- Institute for Research and Medical Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Vacca
- Institute for Research and Medical Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Memory Clinic and LANVIE-Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Del Percio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cognitive Reserve, Alzheimer's Neuropathology, and Risk of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2021; 31:233-250. [PMID: 33415533 PMCID: PMC7790730 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-021-09478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive reserve (CR) may reduce the risk of dementia. We summarized the effect of CR on progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia in studies accounting for Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related structural pathology and biomarkers. Literature search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO. Relevant articles were longitudinal, in English, and investigating MCI or dementia incidence. Meta-analysis was conducted on nine articles, four measuring CR as cognitive residual of neuropathology and five as composite psychosocial proxies (e.g., education). High CR was related to a 47% reduced relative risk of MCI or dementia (pooled-hazard ratio: 0.53 [0.35, 0.81]), with residual-based CR reducing risk by 62% and proxy-based CR by 48%. CR protects against MCI and dementia progression above and beyond the effect of AD-related structural pathology and biomarkers. The finding that proxy-based measures of CR rivaled residual-based measures in terms of effect on dementia incidence underscores the importance of early- and mid-life factors in preventing dementia later.
Collapse
|
29
|
Kang DW, Wang SM, Na HR, Kim NY, Lim HK, Lee CU. Differential Impact of Education on Gray Matter Volume According to Sex in Cognitively Normal Older Adults: Whole Brain Surface-Based Morphometry. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:644148. [PMID: 33746800 PMCID: PMC7973038 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.644148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The effect of educational status on brain structural measurements depends on demographic and clinical factors in cognitively healthy older adults. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of interaction between years of education and sex on gray matter volume and to investigate whether cortical volume has a differential impact on cognitive function according to sex. Methods: One hundred twenty-one subjects between 60 and 85 years old were included in this study. Gray matter volume was evaluated by whole brain surface-based morphometry. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the effects of sex-cortical volume interactions on cognitive functions. Results: There was a significant interaction between years of education and sex on the cortical volume of the left inferior temporal gyrus after adjusting for age, APOE ε4 allele prevalence, and total intracranial volume. In addition, we found a significant impact of the interaction between adjusted left inferior temporal volume and sex on CERAD-K total scores. Conclusion: These findings have significant implications for the understanding of how sex could affect the role of cognitive reserve for cortical atrophy in cognitively intact older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Woo Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sheng-Min Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae-Ran Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nak-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kook Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Canosa A, Palumbo F, Iazzolino B, Peotta L, Di Pede F, Manera U, Vasta R, Grassano M, Solero L, Arena V, Moglia C, Calvo A, Chiò A, Pagani M. The interplay among education, brain metabolism, and cognitive impairment suggests a role of cognitive reserve in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 98:205-213. [PMID: 33316576 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We tested the Cognitive Reserve (CR) hypothesis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), enrolling 111 patients, using education as CR proxy, 18F-FDG-PET to assess brain damage, and ECAS to measure cognition. Education was regressed out against brain metabolism, including age, sex, spinal/bulbar onset, ALSFRS-R, and ECAS as covariates. Clusters showing a significant correlation were used as seed regions in an interregional correlation analysis (IRCA) in the ALS group and in 40 controls. In the ALS group, we found a negative correlation between brain metabolism and education in the right anterior cingulate and bilateral medial frontal gyrus. In the IRCA in the ALS group, the medial frontal cluster metabolism positively correlated with that of frontotemporal regions (right > left), bilateral caudate nuclei, and right insula, and negatively correlated with that of corticospinal tracts, cerebellum, and pons. In controls, the IRCA showed significant positive correlations in the same regions but less extended. Our results agree with the CR hypothesis. The negative correlation between the medial frontal cluster and the cerebellum found only in ALS patients might reflect cerebellar compensation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Canosa
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, SC Neurologia 1U, Turin, Italy.
| | - Francesca Palumbo
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Iazzolino
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Peotta
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Pede
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Umberto Manera
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosario Vasta
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Grassano
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Solero
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arena
- Positron Emission Tomography Centre AFFIDEA-IRMET S.P.A., Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Moglia
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, SC Neurologia 1U, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Calvo
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, SC Neurologia 1U, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Turin, Italy
| | - Adriano Chiò
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, SC Neurologia 1U, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Turin, Italy; Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, C.N.R., Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Pagani
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, C.N.R., Rome, Italy; Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hack EE, Dubin JA, Fernandes MA, Costa SM, Tyas SL. Multilingualism and Dementia Risk: Longitudinal Analysis of the Nun Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 71:201-212. [PMID: 31322560 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multilingualism is associated with enhanced executive function and may thus prevent cognitive decline and reduce the risk of dementia. OBJECTIVE To determine whether multilingualism is associated with delayed onset or reduced risk of dementia. METHODS Dementia was diagnosed in the Nun Study, a longitudinal study of religious sisters aged 75+ years. Multilingualism was self-reported. Dementia likelihood was determined in 325 participants using discrete-time survival analysis; sensitivity analyses (n = 106) incorporated additional linguistic measures (idea density and grammatical complexity). RESULTS Multilingualism did not delay the onset of dementia. However, participants speaking four or more languages (but not two or three) were significantly less likely to develop dementia than monolinguals (OR = 0.13; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.65, adjusted for age, apolipoprotein E, and transition period). This significant protective effect of speaking four or more languages weakened (OR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.06, 4.91) in the presence of idea density in models adjusted for education and apolipoprotein E. CONCLUSION Linguistic ability broadly was a significant predictor of dementia, although it was written linguistic ability (specifically idea density) rather than multilingualism that was the strongest predictor. The impact of language on dementia may extend beyond number of languages spoken to encompass other indicators of linguistic ability. Further research to identify the characteristics of multilingualism most salient for risk of dementia could clarify the value, target audience, and design of interventions to promote multilingualism and other linguistic training as a strategy to reduce the risk of dementia and its individual and societal impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica E Hack
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Joel A Dubin
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, and School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Myra A Fernandes
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Sanduni M Costa
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Suzanne L Tyas
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Premi E, Cristillo V, Gazzina S, Benussi A, Alberici A, Cotelli MS, Calhoun VD, Iraji A, Magoni M, Cotelli M, Micheli A, Gasparotti R, Padovani A, Borroni B. Expanding the role of education in frontotemporal dementia: a functional dynamic connectivity (the chronnectome) study. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 93:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
33
|
Current role of 18F-FDG-PET in the differential diagnosis of the main forms of dementia. Clin Transl Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-020-00366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
34
|
Cognitive reserve and working memory in cognitive performance of adults with subjective cognitive complaints: longitudinal structural equation modeling. Int Psychogeriatr 2020; 32:515-524. [PMID: 31547899 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610219001248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the influence of cognitive reserve (CR) on cognitive performance of individuals with subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) within a period of 36 months. DESIGN We used a general linear model repeated measures procedure to analyze the differences in performance between three assessments. We used a longitudinal structural equation modeling to analyze the relationship between CR and cognitive performance at baseline and at two follow-up assessments. SETTING Participants with SCCs were recruited and assessed in primary care health centers. PARTICIPANTS A total of 212 participants older than 50 years with SCCs. MEASUREMENTS Cognitive reserve data were collected with an ad hoc questionnaire administered to the subjects in an interview. General cognitive performance (GCP), episodic memory (EM), and working memory (WM) have been evaluated. The Mini-Mental State Examination and the total score of Spanish version of the Cambridge Cognitive Examination evaluated the GCP. Episodic memory was assessed with the Spanish version of the California Verbal Learning. Working memory was evaluated by the counting span task and the listening span task. RESULTS The satisfactory fit of the proposed model confirmed the direct effects of CR on WM and GCP at baseline, as well as indirect effects on EM and WM at first and second follow-up. Indirect effects of CR on other cognitive constructs via WM were observed over time. CONCLUSION The proposed model is useful for measuring the influence of CR on cognitive performance over time. Cognitive response acquired throughout life may influence cognitive performance in old age and prevent cognitive deterioration, thus increasing processing resources via WM.
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen Y, Qi D, Qin T, Chen K, Ai M, Li X, Li H, Zhang J, Mao H, Yang Y, Zhang Z. Brain Network Connectivity Mediates Education-related Cognitive Performance in Healthy Elderly Adults. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:19-28. [PMID: 30345918 DOI: 10.2174/1567205015666181022094158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the protective factors for cognitive decline related to aging and Alzheimer's disease, education level is one of the most prominent. However, the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of education on cognition remain to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to systematically assess the role of Functional Connectivity (FC) of resting-state brain networks playing in the cognition-protection effect of education. METHODS Data from a battery of neuropsychological tests and functional magnetic resonance imaging in resting-state were acquired in 77 cognitively normal elderly participants from local communities in Beijing, China. Six resting-state networks related to primary function or complex cognition were extracted through independent component analysis. We then explored the relationships between education level, cognition, and FC of these networks. RESULTS We found that education level was positively associated with a wide range of complex cognitive domains including general mental status, episodic memory, language, attention, executive function and visuospatial processing, and it showed significantly negative correlations with FC of multiple areas in the Default Mode Network (DMN) and Left Frontal-parietal Network (LFP) which are related to complex cognition. And regional connectivity of DMN was significantly negatively correlated with episodic memory performance. Further mediation analysis suggested that higher education level was associated with higher episodic memory performance through lower regional connectivity of DMN. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that inhibitory modulation in the resting-state brain networks related to complex cognition is one of the main routes through which education exerts its protective effects on cognition in normal aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaojing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Di Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ting Qin
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85006, United States
| | - Meishan Ai
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - He Li
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Haohao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yiru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Is bilingualism protective for adults with aphasia? Neuropsychologia 2020; 139:107355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
37
|
Coutinho AM, Busatto GF, de Gobbi Porto FH, de Paula Faria D, Ono CR, Garcez AT, Squarzoni P, de Souza Duran FL, de Oliveira MO, Tres ES, Brucki SMD, Forlenza OV, Nitrini R, Buchpiguel CA. Brain PET amyloid and neurodegeneration biomarkers in the context of the 2018 NIA-AA research framework: an individual approach exploring clinical-biomarker mismatches and sociodemographic parameters. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:2666-2680. [PMID: 32055966 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE [18F]FDG-PET and [11C]PIB-PET are validated as neurodegeneration and amyloid biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We used a PET staging system based on the 2018 NIA-AA research framework to compare the proportion of amyloid positivity (A+) and hypometabolism ((N)+) in cases of mild probable AD, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and healthy controls, incorporating an additional classification of abnormal [18F]FDG-PET patterns and investigating the co-occurrence of such with A+, exploring [18F]FDG-PET to generate hypotheses in cases presenting with clinical-biomarker "mismatches." METHODS Elderly individuals (N = 108) clinically classified as controls (N = 27), aMCI (N = 43) or mild probable AD (N = 38) were included. Authors assessed their A(N) profiles and classified [18F]FDG-PET neurodegenerative patterns as typical or non-typical of AD, performing re-assessments of images whenever clinical classification was in disagreement with the PET staging (clinical-biomarker "mismatches"). We also investigated associations between "mismatches" and sociodemographic and educational characteristics. RESULTS AD presented with higher rates of A+ and (N)+. There was also a higher proportion of A+ and (N)+ individuals in the aMCI group in comparison to controls, however without statistical significance regarding the A staging. There was a significant association between amyloid positivity and AD (N)+ hypometabolic patterns typical of AD. Non-AD (N)+ hypometabolism was seen in all A- (N)+ cases in the mild probable AD and control groups and [18F]FDG-PET patterns classified such individuals as "SNAP" and one as probable frontotemporal lobar degeneration. All A- (N)- cases in the probable AD group had less than 4 years of formal education and lower socioeconomic status (SES). CONCLUSION The PET-based staging system unveiled significant A(N) differences between AD and the other groups, whereas aMCI and controls had different (N) staging, explaining the cognitive impairment in aMCI. [18F]FDG-PET could be used beyond simple (N) staging, since it provided alternative hypotheses to cases with clinical-biomarker "mismatches." An AD hypometabolic pattern correlated with amyloid positivity. Low education and SES were related to dementia in the absence of biomarker changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Martins Coutinho
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Nucleo de Apoio a Pesquisa em Neurociência Aplicada (NAPNA), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Centro de Medicina Nuclear do Instituto de Radiologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 2° andar, Rua Doutor Ovídio Pires de Campos, 872, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Geraldo F Busatto
- Nucleo de Apoio a Pesquisa em Neurociência Aplicada (NAPNA), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM 21), Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Henrique de Gobbi Porto
- Nucleo de Apoio a Pesquisa em Neurociência Aplicada (NAPNA), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM 21), Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele de Paula Faria
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Nucleo de Apoio a Pesquisa em Neurociência Aplicada (NAPNA), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Rachel Ono
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Centro de Medicina Nuclear do Instituto de Radiologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 2° andar, Rua Doutor Ovídio Pires de Campos, 872, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Teles Garcez
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Nucleo de Apoio a Pesquisa em Neurociência Aplicada (NAPNA), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Squarzoni
- Nucleo de Apoio a Pesquisa em Neurociência Aplicada (NAPNA), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM 21), Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Luiz de Souza Duran
- Nucleo de Apoio a Pesquisa em Neurociência Aplicada (NAPNA), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM 21), Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maira Okada de Oliveira
- Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sturzeneker Tres
- Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sonia Maria Dozzi Brucki
- Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Orestes Vicente Forlenza
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM 27), Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Nucleo de Apoio a Pesquisa em Neurociência Aplicada (NAPNA), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Centro de Medicina Nuclear do Instituto de Radiologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 2° andar, Rua Doutor Ovídio Pires de Campos, 872, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
The "SuperAgers" construct in clinical practice: neuropsychological assessment of illiterate and educated elderly. Int Psychogeriatr 2020; 32:191-198. [PMID: 31556369 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610219001364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The demographic transition is a global event intensified during the last decades that represents population aging. Thus, the studies directed to the elderly 80 years of age or more with preserved cognitive functions (named SuperAgers) emerges as a possible path to full comprehension of the health of those aging with acceptable levels of functionality and independency. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cognitive performance of the elderly over 80 years old, associating the results to their educational level. METHOD We evaluated 144 healthy elders with 80 years or more through the following cognitive tests Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), and Verbal Fluency Test (VF) and compared the tests' scores with their educational level segmented in years of formal education, being the groups ILLITR (<1 year of schooling), 1TO4 (from 1 to 4 years of schooling), and 5MORE (>5 years of schooling). RESULTS There was positive influence of educational level on the cognitive tests' score, which indicates higher cognitive reserve of the elderly with higher educational levels. CONCLUSION The functionality and independence of the so-called SuperAgers is determined by the cognitive reserve acquired throughout life, mainly developed by the years of formal education.
Collapse
|
39
|
Hu C, Wang L, Guo Y, Cao Z, Lu Y, Qin H. Study of the Risk and Preventive Factors for Progress of Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2020; 35:1533317520925324. [PMID: 32567328 PMCID: PMC10624080 DOI: 10.1177/1533317520925324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk factors for progress of mild cognitive impairment to dementia. METHODS This study was based on the epidemiological survey in 2011 (No. PKJ2010-Y26) and contained 441 MCI individuals. Cognitive function was measured by the Mini-Mental Status Examination, clinical dementia rating, and montreal cognitive assessment. The association between demographic characteristics and MCI outcomes were evaluated using single-and multifactor ordered logistic regression analysis models. RESULTS Of the 441 MCI, 77 progressed to dementia (MCIp: 17.5%, 95% CI: 14.4%-21.6%), 356 remained stable (MCIs: 80.7%, 95% CI: 77.0%-88.4%), and 8 reverted to normal cognition (MCIr: 1.8%, 95% CI: 0.6%-3.0%) at follow-up in 2017. Univariate ordinal regression analysis showed that diabetes (P = .052), marriage (P = .028), worker (P = .069), and manager (P = .075) may be the risk factor for the status of MCI. Multiple ordinal regression results showed that diabetes (P = .049) and marriage (P = .04) significantly affected the cognitive function changes in the MCI patients. CONCLUSION Nondiabetics and being married may prevent the progression from MCI to dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengping Hu
- Administrative Office, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Administrative Office, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Psychiatric Control and Prevention, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhicheng Cao
- Department of Psychiatric Control and Prevention, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Psychiatric Control and Prevention, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyun Qin
- Department of Psychiatric Control and Prevention, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Habeck C, Eich TS, Gu Y, Stern Y. Occupational Patterns of Structural Brain Health: Independent Contributions Beyond Education, Gender, Intelligence, and Age. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:449. [PMID: 31920603 PMCID: PMC6933301 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational activity represents a large percentage of people's daily activity and thus likely is as impactful for people's general and cognitive health as other lifestyle components such as leisure activity, sleep, diet, and exercise. Different occupations, however, require different skills, abilities, activities, credentials, work styles, etc., constituting a rich multidimensional formative exposure with likely consequences for brain development over the lifespan. In the current study, we were interested in how different occupations with their different attributes relate to five variables: structural brain health, duration of early-life education, gender, IQ, and age, although the main focus was the relationship to brain health. To this end, we used the Occupation Information Network (O∗NET), which provides quantification of occupations along 246 items. Occupational patterns with different loadings for these 246 items were derived from 277 community-dwelling adults, ranging in age from 40 to 80, based upon the five subject measures. We found significant patterns underlying four of our variables of interest, with gender and education predictably showing the most numerous and strongest associations, while brain health and intelligence showed weaker associations, and age did not manifest any associations. For the occupational pattern associated with brain health, we found mainly positive associations on items pertaining to rigorous problem-solving, leadership, responsibility, and information processing. We emphasize that the findings are correlational and cannot establish causation. Future extensions of this work will assess the influence of occupation on future cognitive brain status and cognitive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Habeck
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bauer CE, Brown CA, Gold BT. Education does not protect cognitive function from brain pathology in the ADNI 2 cohort. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 90:147-149. [PMID: 31889559 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Educational attainment is widely accepted as a cognitive reserve variable. However, few studies have demonstrated that education statistically moderates the effects of pathology on cognition. Here, we explored this issue in a sample of 441 Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort who had AD markers (Aβ42, tau, structural brain volumes) at baseline and underwent cognitive testing at baseline and at 6-month, 12-month, and 24-month time points. An AD-related biomarker (atrophy/pathology) composite at baseline was developed using stepwise backward linear regression. Potential moderation effects of education on the relationship between AD biomarkers and cognition were explored using linear mixed models. Education was positively correlated with cognition, and biomarkers were negatively correlated with cognition, across domains and diagnostic groups. However, education generally did not moderate the effects of biomarkers on baseline or longitudinal cognition. Our results do not support the hypothesis that education protects cognitive function from brain pathology in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort, questioning its accepted status as a reserve variable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian T Gold
- Department of Neuroscience, Lexington, KY, USA; University of Kentucky and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nicolas B, Alessandra D, Daniela P, Osman R, Sara T, Giovanni B F, Valentina G. Basal forebrain metabolism in Alzheimer's disease continuum: relationship with education. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 87:70-77. [PMID: 32008856 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed education, as a proxy of cognitive reserve, and the cholinergic pathway in Alzheimer's disease (AD), to test the hypothesis that education might modulate the relationship between clinical symptoms and metabolic and structural changes in AD. We included 84 subjects and compared between diagnostic groups and different educational levels the glucose metabolism of basal forebrain (BFM) and volume of the basal forebrain, the major cholinergic structure, and hippocampus (HM) (and hippocampal volume), a relevant projection site for the basal forebrain. Correlations with the global cognitive status and education in the whole sample were also performed. Patients with AD dementia showed reduced basal forebrain volume, hippocampal volume, and HM compared with controls. In the whole group, the global cognitive status was positively correlated with BFM and HM. Among high-educated subjects, mild cognitive impairment showed higher BFM and HM in comparison to other diagnostic groups. Our results suggest that in mild cognitive impairment subjects with a higher educational level, cholinergic activity is upregulated and this appears to have a compensatory effect, which may be lost in later symptomatic stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandt Nicolas
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Dodich Alessandra
- NIMTlab, Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Perani Daniela
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Division of Neuroscience San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Ratib Osman
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical informatics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Trombella Sara
- NIMTlab, Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Memory Center and LANVIE-Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frisoni Giovanni B
- Memory Center and LANVIE-Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Garibotto Valentina
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland; NIMTlab, Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical informatics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
A Positive Relationship between Cognitive Reserve and Cognitive Function after Stroke: Dynamic Proxies Correlate Better than Static Proxies. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2019; 25:910-921. [PMID: 31317861 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617719000638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES How brain damage after stroke is related to specific clinical manifestation and recovery is incompletely understood. We studied cognitive reserve (CR) in stroke patients by two types of measurements: (i) objectively verifiable static proxies (i.e., education, occupational attainment), and (ii) subjective, dynamic proxies based on patient testimony in response to a questionnaire. We hypothesized that one or both of these types of CR measurements might correlate positively with patient cognitive performance during the post-acute and chronic phases of recovery. METHOD Thirty-four stroke patients underwent neuropsychological assessment at 2, 6 and 24 months after stroke onset. In chronic stage at 24+ months, self-rating assessments of cognitive performance in daily life and social integration were obtained. CR before and after stroke was estimated using static proxies and dynamic proxies were obtained using the Cognitive Reserve Scale (CRS-Pre-stroke, CRS-Post-stroke). RESULTS CRS-Pre-stroke and CRS-Post-stroke showed significant mean differences. Dynamic proxies showed positive correlation with self-assessment of attention, metacognition, and functional ability in chronic stage. In contrast, significant correlations between static proxies and cognitive recovery were not found. CONCLUSIONS Dynamic proxies of CR were positively correlated with patients' perception of their functional abilities in daily life. To best guide cognitive prognosis and treatment, we propose that dynamic proxies of CR should be included in neuropsychological assessments of patients with brain damage.
Collapse
|
44
|
Capogna E, Manca R, De Marco M, Hall A, Soininen H, Venneri A. Understanding the effect of cognitive/brain reserve and depression on regional atrophy in early Alzheimer's disease. Postgrad Med 2019; 131:533-538. [PMID: 31478419 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2019.1663127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Depression in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia of the Alzheimer's type (AD) is associated with worse prognosis. Indeed, depressed MCI patients have worse cognitive performance and greater loss of gray-matter volume in several brain areas. To date, knowledge of the factors that can mitigate this detrimental effect is still limited. The aim of the present study was to understand in what way cognitive reserve/brain reserve and depression interact and are linked to regional atrophy in early stage AD. Methods: Depression was evaluated with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in 90 patients with early AD, and a cutoff of ≥ 5 was used to separate depressed (n = 44) from non-depressed (n = 46) patients. Each group was further stratified into high/low cognitive reserve/brain reserve. Cognitive reserve was calculated using years of education as proxy, while normalized parenchymal volumes were used to estimate brain reserve. Voxel-based morphometry was carried out to extract and analyze gray-matter maps. 2 × 2 ANCOVAs were run to test the effect of the reserve-by-depression interaction on gray matter. Age and hippocampal ratio were used as covariates. Composite indices of major cognitive domains were also analyzed with comparable models. Results: No reserve-by-depression interaction was found in the analytical models of gray matter. Depression was associated with less gray matter volume in the cerebellum and parahippocampal gyrus. The brain reserve-by-depression interaction was a significant predictor of executive functioning. Among those with high brain reserve, depressed patients had poorer executive skills. No significant results were found in association with cognitive reserve. Conclusion: These findings suggest that brain reserve may modulate the association between neurodegeneration and depression in patients with MCI and dementia of the AD type, influencing in particular executive functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elettra Capogna
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - Riccardo Manca
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - Matteo De Marco
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - Anette Hall
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Annalena Venneri
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Giovacchini G, Giovannini E, Borsò E, Lazzeri P, Riondato M, Leoncini R, Duce V, Mansi L, Ciarmiello A. The brain cognitive reserve hypothesis: A review with emphasis on the contribution of nuclear medicine neuroimaging techniques. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14865-14872. [PMID: 30784080 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathological and clinical evidence indicates that the clinical expression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurs as neuropathology exceeds the brain reserve capacity. The brain or cognitive reserve (BCR) hypothesis states that high premorbid intelligence, education, and an active and stimulating lifestyle provide reserve capacity, which acts as a buffer against the cognitive deficits due to accumulating neuropathology. Neuroimaging studies that assessed the BCR hypothesis are critically reviewed with emphasis on study design and statistical analysis. Many studies were performed in the last two decades owing to the increasing availability of positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/computed tomography scanners and to the synthesis of new radiopharmaceuticals, including tracers for amyloid and tau proteins. Studies with different tracers provided complementary consistent results supporting the BCR hypothesis. Many studies were appropriately designed with a measure of reserve, a measure of brain anatomy/function/neuropathology, and a measure of cognitive functions that are necessary. Most of the early studies were performed with PET and [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose, and occasionally with [ 15 O]water, reporting a significant association between higher occupation/education and lower glucose metabolism (blood flow) in associative temporo-parietal cortex in patients with AD and also in patients with MCI, after correcting for the degree in the cognitive impairment. On the contrary, performances on several neuropsychological tests increased with increasing education for participants with elevated [ 11 C]PiB uptake. Studies with the tracers specific for tau protein showed that patients with AD with elevated tau deposits had higher cognitive performances compared with patients with similar levels of tau deposits. BCR in AD is also associated with a preserved cholinergic function. The BCR hypothesis has been validated with methodologically sound study designs and sophisticated neuroimaging techniques using different radiotracers and providing an explanation for neuropathological and clinical observations on patients with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisa Borsò
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lazzeri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Mattia Riondato
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Rossella Leoncini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Valerio Duce
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Luigi Mansi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciarmiello
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Facal D, Valladares-Rodriguez S, Lojo-Seoane C, Pereiro AX, Anido-Rifon L, Juncos-Rabadán O. Machine learning approaches to studying the role of cognitive reserve in conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 34:941-949. [PMID: 30854737 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The overall aim of the present study was to explore the role of cognitive reserve (CR) in the conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia. We used traditional and machine learning (ML) techniques to compare converter and nonconverter participants. We also discuss the predictive value of CR proxies in relation to the ML model performance. METHODS In total, 169 participants completed the longitudinal study. Participants were divided into a control group and three MCI subgroups, according to the Petersen criteria for diagnosis. Information about the participants was compared using nine ML classification techniques. Seven relevant performance metrics were computed in order to evaluate the accuracy of prediction regarding converter and nonconverter participants. RESULTS ML algorithms applied to socio-demographic, basic health, and CR proxy data enabled prediction of conversion to dementia. The best performing models were the gradient boosting classifier (accuracy (ACC) = 0.93; F1 = 0.86, and Cohen κ = 0.82) and random forest classifier (ACC = 0.92; F1 = 0.79, and Cohen κ = 0.71). Use of ML techniques corroborated the protective role of CR as a mediator of conversion to dementia, whereby participants with more years of education and higher vocabulary scores survived longer without developing dementia. CONCLUSIONS We used ML approaches to explore the role of CR in conversion from MCI to dementia. The findings indicate the potential value of ML algorithms for detecting risk of conversion to dementia in cognitive aging and CR studies. Further research is required to develop an ML-based procedure that can be used to make robust predictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Facal
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Lojo-Seoane
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Arturo X Pereiro
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis Anido-Rifon
- School of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
MacPherson SE, Gillebert CR, Robinson GA, Vallesi A. Editorial: Intra- and Inter-individual Variability of Executive Functions: Determinant and Modulating Factors in Healthy and Pathological Conditions. Front Psychol 2019; 10:432. [PMID: 30906272 PMCID: PMC6418029 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. MacPherson
- Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Celine R. Gillebert
- Department of Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gail A. Robinson
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Antonino Vallesi
- Department of Neuroscience & Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
James BD, Bennett DA. Causes and Patterns of Dementia: An Update in the Era of Redefining Alzheimer's Disease. Annu Rev Public Health 2019; 40:65-84. [PMID: 30642228 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-043758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The burden of dementia continues to increase as the population ages, with no disease-modifying treatments available. However, dementia risk appears to be decreasing, and progress has been made in understanding its multifactorial etiology. The 2018 National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) research framework for Alzheimer's disease (AD) defines AD as a biological process measured by brain pathology or biomarkers, spanning the cognitive spectrum from normality to dementia. This framework facilitates interventions in the asymptomatic space and accommodates knowledge that many additional pathologies (e.g., cerebrovascular) contribute to the Alzheimer's dementia syndrome. The framework has implications for how we think about risk factors for "AD": Many commonly accepted risk factors are not related to AD pathology and would no longer be considered risk factors for AD. They may instead be related to other pathologies or resilience to pathology. This review updates what is known about causes, risk factors, and changing patterns of dementia, addressing whether they are related to AD pathology/biomarkers, other pathologies, or resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D James
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA; .,Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA; .,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to summarize current conceptual models of cognitive reserve (CR) and related concepts and to discuss evidence for these concepts within the context of aging and Alzheimer's disease. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence to date supports the notion that higher levels of CR, as measured by proxy variables reflective of lifetime experiences, are associated with better cognitive performance, and with a reduced risk of incident mild cognitive impairment/dementia. However, the impact of CR on longitudinal cognitive trajectories is unclear and may be influenced by a number of factors. Although there is promising evidence that some proxy measures of CR may influence structural brain measures, more research is needed. The protective effects of CR may provide an important mechanism for preserving cognitive function and cognitive well-being with age, in part because it can be enhanced throughout the lifespan. However, more research on the mechanisms by which CR is protective is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Pettigrew
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1620 McElderry St., Reed Hall 1-West, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Anja Soldan
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1620 McElderry St., Reed Hall 1-West, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Cognitive reserve is a latent construct theorized to account for the discrepancy between observed brain deterioration and ultimate clinical outcomes. This review outlines the theoretical development of the reserve concept and presents major trends within epidemiological and neuroimaging research literatures in support of such a construct. Particular focus is placed on the implications for cognitive aging and dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaakov Stern
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Taub Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Daniel Barulli
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|