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Liu S, Li Q, Wang H, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Su J, Zou J, Feng P, Zhang A. Exercise as a promising alternative for sciatic nerve injury pain relief: a meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1424050. [PMID: 39144705 PMCID: PMC11323690 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1424050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The efficacy of drug therapies in managing neuropathic pain is constrained by their limited effectiveness and potential for adverse effects. In contrast, exercise has emerged as a promising alternative for pain relief. In this study, we conducted a systematic evaluation of the therapeutic impact of exercise on neuropathic pain resulting from sciatic nerve injury in rodent models. Methods The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were retrieved before April 2024. A series of studies regarding the effect of treadmill, swimming, wheel and other exercises on neuropathic pain induced by sciatic nerve injury in rats and mice were collected. Using predefined inclusion criteria, two researchers independently performed literature screening, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment utilizing SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies. Statistical analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 and STATA 12.0 analysis software. Results A total of 12 relevant academic sources were included in the analysis of controlled animal studies, with 133 rodents in the exercise group and 135 rodents in the sedentary group. The meta-analysis revealed that exercise was associated with a significant increase in paw withdrawal mechanical threshold [Standard Mean Difference (SMD) = 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28-1.40, p = 0.003] and paw withdrawal thermal latency (SMD = 1.54, 95%CI: 0.93-2.15, p < 0.0001) in rats and mice with sciatic nerve injury. Subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of exercise duration on heterogeneity. The results showed that postoperative exercise duration ≤3 weeks could significantly elevate paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (SMD = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.62-1.46, p < 0.00001). Postoperative exercise duration ≤4 weeks could significantly improve paw withdrawal thermal latency (SMD = 1.93, 95% CI:1.19-2.67, p < 0.00001). Conclusion Exercise represents an effective method for improving mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity resulting from sciatic nerve injury in rodents. Factors such as pain models, the initiation of exercise, the type of exercise, and the species of rodent do not significantly impact the development of exercise-induced hypoalgesia. However, the duration of postoperative exercise plays a crucial role in the onset of exercise-induced hypoalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxin Liu
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaiming Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinjun Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengjiu Feng
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou, China
| | - Aimin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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He WC, Hou SL, Wang KB, Xu N, Li K, Xiong T, Luo J. Treadmill running on neuropathic pain: via modulation of neuroinflammation. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1345864. [PMID: 38989156 PMCID: PMC11233809 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1345864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a type of chronic pain caused by an injury or somatosensory nervous system disease. Drugs and exercise could effectively relieve neuropathic pain, but no treatment can completely stop neuropathic pain. The integration of exercise into neuropathic pain management has attracted considerable interest in recent years, and treadmill training is the most used among exercise therapies. Neuropathic pain can be effectively treated if its mechanism is clarified. In recent years, the association between neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain has been explored. Neuroinflammation can trigger proinflammatory cytokines, activate microglia, inhibit descending pain modulatory systems, and promote the overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which lead to the generation of neuropathic pain and hypersensitivity. Treadmill exercise can alleviate neuropathic pain mainly by regulating neuroinflammation, including inhibiting the activity of pro-inflammatory factors and over activation of microglia in the dorsal horn, regulating the expression of mu opioid receptor expression in the rostral ventromedial medulla and levels of γ-aminobutyric acid to activate the descending pain modulatory system and the overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. This article reviews and summarizes research on the effect of treadmill exercise on neuropathic pain and its role in the regulation of neuroinflammation to explore its benefits for neuropathic pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of NingXia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shuang-Long Hou
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Xi’an Physical Education University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kai-Bin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of NingXia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of NingXia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of NingXia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ting Xiong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of NingXia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of NingXia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Xi’an Physical Education University, Xi’an, China
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Güler Kanter A, Ülger H, Bozkurt AS, Tarakçıoğlu M, Özercan İH, Ulusal H. Investigation into effects of tocilizumab and epoetin beta in rats with experimental sciatic nerve injury model. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102357. [PMID: 38493757 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of tocilizumab (TCZ), epoetin beta (EPO), and their combination on nerve regeneration in a sciatic nerve injury model. MATERIALS AND METHOD Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into (-) negative control, sham, TCZ, EPO ((+) positive control), and TCZ+EPO groups. The TCZ group received TCZ (8 mg/kg intraperitoneal) immediately after surgery. On day 14th, the EPO group received EPO (5000 IU/kg, intraperitoneal); the TCZ+EPO group received TCZ (8 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), EPO (5000 IU/kg, intraperitoneal), and TCZ (8 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) post-surgery. Motor and sensory functions were assessed pre and post-surgery. Lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress parameters were evaluated biochemically in the serum, and sciatic nerve tissue was evaluated histopathologically using haematoxylin-Eosin and Masson trichrome staining. CONCLUSIONS TCZ and EPO decreased nerve injury effects by increasing motor and sensory conduction velocities of the sciatic nerve. Biochemically, TCZ and EPO significantly increased Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, and Glutathione peroxidase 4 levels while decreasing Lipid Peroxidation levels (p=0.001). Histopathologically, neuronal degeneration following nerve injury was decreased in the groups receiving TCZ and EPO (p=0.001). EPO and TCZ attenuate the adverse effects of nerve injury. However, the TCZ+EPO treatment favoured biochemical activities over tissue and functional activities. This has been confirmed functionally, biochemically, and histopathologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Güler Kanter
- Department of Anatomy, Medicine Faculty, Health Sciences Institution, University of Erciyes, Turkey.
| | - Harun Ülger
- Department of Anatomy, Medicine Faculty, Health Sciences Institution, University of Erciyes, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Sarper Bozkurt
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Health Sciences Institution, University of Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tarakçıoğlu
- Department of Medicine Biochemistry, Medicine Faculty, Health Sciences Institution, University of Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Hanefi Özercan
- Department of Pathology, Medicine Faculty, Health Sciences Institution, University of Fırat, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ulusal
- Department of Medicine Biochemistry, Medicine Faculty, Health Sciences Institution, University of Gaziantep, Turkey
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Zheng YN, Zheng YL, Wang XQ, Chen PJ. Role of Exercise on Inflammation Cytokines of Neuropathic Pain in Animal Models. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04214-4. [PMID: 38714582 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) resulting from a lesion or disease of the somatosensory system can lead to loss of function and reduced life quality. Neuroinflammation plays a vital role in the development and maintenance of NP. Exercise as an economical, effective, and nonpharmacological treatment, recommended by clinical practice guidelines, has been proven to alleviate chronic NP. Previous studies have shown that exercise decreases NP by modifying inflammation; however, the exact mechanisms of exercise-mediated NP are unclear. Therefore, from the perspective of neuroinflammation, this review mainly discussed the effects of exercise on inflammatory cytokines in different parts of NP conduction pathways, such as the brain, spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion, sciatic nerve, and blood in rat/mice models. Results suggested that exercise training could modulate neuroinflammation, inhibit astrocyte glial cell proliferation and microglial activation, alter the macrophage phenotype, reduce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, increase anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, and positively modulate the state of the immune system, thereby relieving NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Zheng
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
- Rehabilitation Treatment Center, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Yi-Li Zheng
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Pei-Jie Chen
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.
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Gao Q, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang R, Zhang L. Regulation of nociception threshold by norepinephrine through adrenergic α2 receptor in rat models of Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14446. [PMID: 37721421 PMCID: PMC10916421 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of pain symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) is unclear. Norepinephrine (NE) regulates neuropathic pain through ascending and descending pathways. However, the loss of NE neurons in the brain of patients with PD is obvious, it is speculated that NE is involved in the occurrence of PD pain symptoms. AIMS To investigate the effect of NE on the activation of brain cells through adrenergic α2 receptor, so as to regulate the nociception threshold in a 6-OHDA-induced animal model of PD. METHODS PD rat model was established by 6-OHDA injection (6-OHDA group). DSP-4 (or anti-DBH-saporin) was used to reduce the NE level of the PD rat brain. The heat sensitivity threshold (HST) and pressure withdrawal threshold (PWT) were measured. Tyrosine hydroxylase and NE in rat brains were detected by Elisa. The percentage of GFAP-positive cells in the prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus and striatum of rats was detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. GFAP protein was semiquantified by method of western blot. Then yohimbine and guanfacine were used to increase the NE level in PD rats, and the above experimental changes were observed after drug application. RESULTS The contents of NE in the brain of 6-OHDA-induced PD rats were lower than that of control group. After DSP-4 (or anti-DBH-saporin) injection, PD rats showed the lowest NE level (compared with 6-OHDA group, p ≤ 0.05), and after yohimbine and guanfacine were applied to 6-OHDA group, the contents of NE increased in the prefrontal cortex of rats. The HST and PWT of 6-OHDA group were significantly lower than those of control group, and after DSP-4 (or anti-DBH-saporin) injection, the HST and PWT of rats were lower than those of 6-OHDA group, and after the administration of yohimbine and guanfacine, both HST and PWT were significantly increased. GFAP-positive cells increased in prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate gyrus of 6-OHDA group rats, and more significantly increased after DSP-4 (or anti-DBH-saporin) injection, and significantly reduced after yohimbine and guanfacine were used. CONCLUSIONS The change of norepinephrine content can affect the activation of prefrontal and cingulate gyrus glial cells and participate in the regulation of nociception threshold in PD rats. Adrenergic α2 receptor agonist and central presynaptic membrane α2 receptor blocker both affect cell activation and improve hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Gao
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Limei Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
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Wang C, He H, Gao T, Sun X, Du L, Yang Y, Zhu J, Yang Y, Wang Y, Mi W. Analgesic Effect of Exercise on Neuropathic Pain via Regulating the Complement Component 3 of Reactive Astrocytes. Anesth Analg 2024:00000539-990000000-00724. [PMID: 38294950 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise has been proven to be an efficient intervention in attenuating neuropathic pain. However, the underlying mechanisms that drive exercise analgesia remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to examine the role of complement component 3 (C3) in neuropathic pain and whether antinociceptive effects are produced by exercise via regulating C3 in mice. METHODS In this study, using a spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced neuropathic pain mice model, C57BL/6J mice were divided into 3 groups: Sham mice, SNI mice, and SNI + Exercise (Ex) mice with 30-minute low-intensity aerobic treadmill running (10 m/min, no inclination). Paw withdrawal threshold; thermal withdrawal latency; and glial fibrillary acidic protein, C3, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interlukin-1β expression in the spinal cord were monitored. C3 knockout (KO) mice were further used to verify the role of C3 in neuropathic pain. RESULTS von Frey test, acetone test, and CatWalk gait analysis revealed that treadmill exercise for 4 weeks reversed pain behaviors. In addition, exercise reduced astrocyte reactivity (SNI mean = 14.5, 95% confidence interval [CI], 12.7-16.3; SNI + Ex mean = 10.3, 95% CI, 8.77-11.9, P = .0003 SNI + Ex versus SNI) and inflammatory responses in the spinal cord after SNI. Moreover, it suppressed the SNI-induced upregulation of C3 expression in the spinal cord (SNI mean = 5.46, 95% CI, 3.39-7.53; SNI + Ex mean = 2.41, 95% CI, 1.42-3.41, P = .0054 SNI + Ex versus SNI in Western blot). C3 deficiency reduced SNI-induced pain and spinal astrocyte reactivity (wild type mean = 7.96, 95% CI, 6.80-9.13; C3 KO mean = 5.98, 95% CI, 5.14-6.82, P = .0052 C3 KO versus wild type). Intrathecal injection of recombinant C3 (rC3) was sufficient to produce mechanical (rC3-Ex mean = 0.77, 95% CI, 0.15-1.39; rC3 mean = 0.18, 95% CI, -0.04 to 0.41, P = .0168 rC3-Ex versus rC3) and cold (rC3-Ex mean = 1.08, 95% CI, 0.40-1.77; rC3 mean = 3.46, 95% CI, 1.45-5.47, P = .0025 rC3-Ex versus rC3) allodynia in mice. Importantly, exercise training relieved C3-induced mechanical and cold allodynia, and the analgesic effect of exercise was attenuated by a subeffective dose of intrathecal injection of C3. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results suggest that exercise suppresses neuropathic pain by regulating astroglial C3 expression and function, thereby providing a rationale for the analgesic effect of exercise as an acceptable alternative approach for treating neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Wang
- From the Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui He
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianchi Gao
- From the Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinzheng Sun
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixia Du
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yayue Yang
- From the Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyu Zhu
- From the Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yachen Yang
- From the Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- From the Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenli Mi
- From the Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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De la Corte-Rodriguez H, Roman-Belmonte JM, Resino-Luis C, Madrid-Gonzalez J, Rodriguez-Merchan EC. The Role of Physical Exercise in Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Best Medicine-A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:242. [PMID: 38255129 PMCID: PMC10815384 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide a narrative review of the effects of physical exercise in the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are associated with chronic musculoskeletal pain and can aggravate it. For the management of musculoskeletal pain, physical exercise is an effective, cheap, and safe therapeutic option, given that it does not produce the adverse effects of pharmacological treatments or invasive techniques. In addition to its analgesic capacity, physical exercise has an effect on other pain-related areas, such as sleep quality, activities of daily living, quality of life, physical function, and emotion. In general, even during periods of acute pain, maintaining a minimum level of physical activity can be beneficial. Programs that combine several of the various exercise modalities (aerobic, strengthening, flexibility, and balance), known as multicomponent exercise, can be more effective and better adapted to clinical conditions. For chronic pain, the greatest benefits typically occur with programs performed at light-to-moderate intensity and at a frequency of two to three times per week for at least 4 weeks. Exercise programs should be tailored to the specific needs of each patient based on clinical guidelines and World Health Organization recommendations. Given that adherence to physical exercise is a major problem, it is important to empower patients and facilitate lifestyle change. There is strong evidence of the analgesic effect of physical exercise in multiple pathologies, such as in osteoarthritis, chronic low back pain, rheumatoid arthritis, and fibromyalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hortensia De la Corte-Rodriguez
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M. Roman-Belmonte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cruz Roja San José y Santa Adela University Hospital, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.R.-B.); (C.R.-L.)
- Medical School, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio (UAX), 28691 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Resino-Luis
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cruz Roja San José y Santa Adela University Hospital, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.R.-B.); (C.R.-L.)
| | - Jorge Madrid-Gonzalez
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Emerito Carlos Rodriguez-Merchan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research—IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital—Autonomous University of Madrid), 28046 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Cho YH, Seo TB. The role of walking exercise on axonal regrowth and neuropathic pain markers in dorsal root ganglion after sciatic nerve injury. J Exerc Rehabil 2023; 19:320-326. [PMID: 38188130 PMCID: PMC10766449 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2346522.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether walking exercise can regulate the expression level of neuropathic pain- and inflammatory response markers in the ipsilateral lumbar 4 to 6 dorsal root ganglion neurons after sciatic nerve injury (SNI). The experimental rats were randomly divided into seven groups: the normal control group, sedentary groups for 3, 7, and, 14 days postinjury (dpi), and walking exercise groups for 3, 7, and 14 dpi. Western blot techniques were used to evaluate specific neuropathic pain- and cytokine markers and mechanical allodynia was confirmed by paw withdrawal test. Mechanical allodynia was significantly improved in the walking exercise group compared to the sedentary group at all 7, 10, and 14 dpi. Furthermore, growth associated protein 43 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were significantly increased in the walking exercise groups compared to the sedentary group at all 3, 7, and 14 dpi. Conversely, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and c-Fos expression levels were significantly decreased in the walking exercise groups compared to the sedentary group at all 3, 7, and 14 dpi. These findings suggest meaningful information that aggressive rehabilitation walking exercise applied early after SNI might be improve mechanical allodynia, neuropathic pain and inflammatory response markers following SNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Hyun Cho
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju,
Korea
| | - Tae-Beom Seo
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju,
Korea
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9
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Mazzone GL, Coronel MF, Mladinic M, Sámano C. An update to pain management after spinal cord injury: from pharmacology to circRNAs. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:599-611. [PMID: 36351309 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) following a spinal cord injury (SCI) is often hard to control and therapies should be focused on the physical, psychological, behavioral, social, and environmental factors that may contribute to chronic sensory symptoms. Novel therapeutic treatments for NP management should be based on the combination of pharmacological and nonpharmacological options. Some of them are addressed in this review with a focus on mechanisms and novel treatments. Several reports demonstrated an aberrant expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that may represent key regulatory factors with a crucial role in the pathophysiology of NP and as potential diagnostic biomarkers. This review analyses the latest evidence for cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with the role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the management of pain after SCI. Advantages in the use of circRNA are their stability (up to 48 h), and specificity as sponges of different miRNAs related to SCI and nerve injury. The present review discusses novel data about deregulated circRNAs (up or downregulated) that sponge miRNAs, and promote cellular and molecular interactions with mRNAs and proteins. This data support the concept that circRNAs could be considered as novel potential therapeutic targets for NP management especially after spinal cord injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela L Mazzone
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500, B1629AHJ, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Coronel
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500, B1629AHJ, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miranda Mladinic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Cynthia Sámano
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa. Avenida Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe Cuajimalpa. Alcaldía Cuajimalpa de Morelos, C.P. 05348, Ciudad de México, México
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10
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Matesanz-García L, Billerot C, Fundaun J, Schmid AB. Effect of Type and Dose of Exercise on Neuropathic Pain After Experimental Sciatic Nerve Injury: A Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:921-938. [PMID: 36690283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This preclinical systematic review aimed to determine the effectiveness of different types and doses of exercise on pain behavior and biomarkers in preclinical models of focal neuropathic pain. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and Cochrane library from inception to November 2022 for preclinical studies evaluating the effect of exercise compared to control interventions on neuropathic pain behavior after experimental sciatic nerve injury. If possible, data were meta-analyzed using random effect models with inverse-variance weighting. Thirty-seven studies were included and 26 meta-analyzed. Risk of bias (SYRCLE tool) remained unclear in most studies and reporting quality (CAMARADES) was variable. Exercise reduced mechanical (standardized mean differences [SMD] .53 (95% CI .31, .74), P = .0001, I2 = 0%, n = 364), heat (.32 (.07, .57), P = .01, I2 = 0%, n = 266) and cold hypersensitivity (.51 (.03, 1.0), P = .04, I2 = 0%, n = 90) compared to control interventions. No relationship was apparent between exercise duration or intensity and antinociception. Exercise modulated biomarkers related to different systems (eg, immune system, neurotrophins). Whereas firm conclusions are prevented by the use of male animals only, variable reporting quality and unclear risk of bias in many studies, our results suggest that aerobic exercise is a promising tool in the management of focal neuropathic pain. PERSPECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates that aerobic exercise reduces neuropathic pain-related behavior in preclinical models of sciatic nerve injury. This effect is accompanied by changes in biomarkers associated with inflammation and neurotrophins among others. These results could help to develop exercise interventions for patients with neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Matesanz-García
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Escuela Internacional de Doctorado, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain; Department of Physiotherapy, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clément Billerot
- Faculty of Biology, Euro-Mediterranean Master in Neurosciences and Biotechnology, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Joel Fundaun
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Annina B Schmid
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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11
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Sleijser-Koehorst MLS, Koop MA, Coppieters MW, Lutke Schipholt IJ, Radisic N, Hooijmans CR, Scholten-Peeters GGM. The effects of aerobic exercise on neuroimmune responses in animals with traumatic peripheral nerve injury: a systematic review with meta-analyses. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:104. [PMID: 37138291 PMCID: PMC10155410 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing pre-clinical evidence suggests that aerobic exercise positively modulates neuroimmune responses following traumatic nerve injury. However, meta-analyses on neuroimmune outcomes are currently still lacking. This study aimed to synthesize the pre-clinical literature on the effects of aerobic exercise on neuroimmune responses following peripheral nerve injury. METHODS MEDLINE (via Pubmed), EMBASE and Web of Science were searched. Controlled experimental studies on the effect of aerobic exercise on neuroimmune responses in animals with a traumatically induced peripheral neuropathy were considered. Study selection, risk of bias assessment and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. Results were analyzed using random effects models and reported as standardized mean differences. Outcome measures were reported per anatomical location and per class of neuro-immune substance. RESULTS The literature search resulted in 14,590 records. Forty studies were included, reporting 139 comparisons of neuroimmune responses at various anatomical locations. All studies had an unclear risk of bias. Compared to non-exercised animals, meta-analyses showed the following main differences in exercised animals: (1) in the affected nerve, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were lower (p = 0.003), while insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (p < 0.001) and Growth Associated Protein 43 (GAP43) (p = 0.01) levels were higher; (2) At the dorsal root ganglia, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/BDNF mRNA levels (p = 0.004) and nerve growth factor (NGF)/NGF mRNA (p < 0.05) levels were lower; (3) in the spinal cord, BDNF levels (p = 0.006) were lower; at the dorsal horn, microglia (p < 0.001) and astrocyte (p = 0.005) marker levels were lower; at the ventral horn, astrocyte marker levels (p < 0.001) were higher, and several outcomes related to synaptic stripping were favorably altered; (4) brainstem 5-HT2A receptor levels were higher (p = 0.001); (5) in muscles, BDNF levels (p < 0.001) were higher and TNF-α levels lower (p < 0.05); (6) no significant differences were found for systemic neuroimmune responses in blood or serum. CONCLUSION This review revealed widespread positive modulatory effects of aerobic exercise on neuroimmune responses following traumatic peripheral nerve injury. These changes are in line with a beneficial influence on pro-inflammatory processes and increased anti-inflammatory responses. Given the small sample sizes and the unclear risk of bias of the studies, results should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije L S Sleijser-Koehorst
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences-Program Musculoskeletal Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Meghan A Koop
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences-Program Musculoskeletal Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel W Coppieters
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences-Program Musculoskeletal Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane and Gold Coast, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Brisbane and Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Ivo J Lutke Schipholt
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences-Program Musculoskeletal Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nemanja Radisic
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences-Program Musculoskeletal Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn R Hooijmans
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Care (Meta Research Team), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gwendolyne G M Scholten-Peeters
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences-Program Musculoskeletal Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Differentiating Lumbar Spinal Etiology from Peripheral Plexopathies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030756. [PMID: 36979737 PMCID: PMC10044821 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinicians have managed and treated lower back pain since the earliest days of practice. Historically, lower back pain and its accompanying symptoms of radiating leg pain and muscle weakness have been recognized to be due to any of the various lumbar spine pathologies that lead to the compression of the lumbar nerves at the root, the most common of which is the radiculopathy known as sciatica. More recently, however, with the increased rise in chronic diseases, the importance of differentially diagnosing a similarly presenting pathology, known as lumbosacral plexopathy, cannot be understated. Given the similar clinical presentation of lumbar spine pathologies and lumbosacral plexopathies, it can be difficult to differentiate these two diagnoses in the clinical setting. Resultingly, the inappropriate diagnosis of either pathology can result in ineffective clinical management. Thus, this review aims to aid in the clinical differentiation between lumbar spine pathology and lumbosacral plexopathy. Specifically, this paper delves into spine and plexus anatomy, delineates the clinical assessment of both pathologies, and highlights powerful diagnostic tools in the hopes of bolstering appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Lastly, this review will describe emerging treatment options for both pathologies in the preclinical and clinical realms, with a special emphasis on regenerative nerve therapies.
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13
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Walsh CM, Gull K, Dooley D. Motor rehabilitation as a therapeutic tool for spinal cord injury: New perspectives in immunomodulation. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 69:80-89. [PMID: 36114092 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that significantly impacts motor, sensory and autonomic function in patients. Despite advances in therapeutic approaches, there is still no curative therapy currently available. Neuroinflammation is a persisting event of the secondary injury phase of SCI that affects functional recovery, and modulation of the inflammatory response towards a beneficial anti-inflammatory state can improve recovery in preclinical SCI models. In human SCI patients, rehabilitative exercise, or motor rehabilitation as we will refer to it from here on out, remains the cornerstone of treatment to increase functional capacity and prevent secondary health implications. Motor rehabilitation is known to have anti-inflammatory effects; however, current literature is lacking in the description of the effect of motor rehabilitation on inflammation in the context of SCI. Understanding the effect on different inflammatory markers after SCI should enable the optimization of motor rehabilitation as a therapeutic regime. This review extensively describes the effect of motor rehabilitation on selected inflammatory mediators in both preclinical and human SCI studies. Additionally, we summarize how the type, duration, and intensity of motor rehabilitation can affect the inflammatory response after SCI. In doing so, we introduce a new perspective on how motor rehabilitation can be optimized as an immunomodulatory therapy to improve patient outcome after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara M Walsh
- School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Khadija Gull
- School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dearbhaile Dooley
- School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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14
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Lesnak JB, Berardi G, Sluka KA. Influence of routine exercise on the peripheral immune system to prevent and alleviate pain. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2023; 13:100126. [PMID: 37179769 PMCID: PMC10173010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2023.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Routine physical activity reduces the onset of pain and exercise is a first line treatment for individuals who develop chronic pain. In both preclinical and clinical research regular exercise (routine exercise sessions) produces pain relief through multiple mechanisms such as alterations in the central and peripheral nervous system. More recently, it has been appreciated that exercise can also alter the peripheral immune system to prevent or reduce pain. In animal models, exercise can alter the immune system at the site of injury or pain model induction, in the dorsal root ganglia, and systemically throughout the body to produce analgesia. Most notably exercise shows the ability to dampen the presence of pro-inflammatory immune cells and cytokines at these locations. Exercise decreases M1 macrophages and the cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TFNα, while increasing M2 macrophages and the cytokines IL-10, IL-4, and IL-1ra. In clinical research, a single bout of exercise produces an acute inflammatory response, however repeated training can lead to an anti-inflammatory immune profile leading to symptom relief. Despite the clinical and immune benefits of routine exercise, the direct effect of exercise on immune function in clinical pain populations remains unexplored. This review will discuss in more detail the preclinical and clinical research which demonstrates the numerous ways through which multiple types of exercise alter the peripheral immune system. This review closes with the clinical implications of these findings along with suggestions for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B. Lesnak
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Giovanni Berardi
- Department of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Sluka
- Department of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Corresponding author.
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15
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Wu SH, Lu IC, Yang SM, Hsieh CF, Chai CY, Tai MH, Huang SH. Spinal Irisin Gene Delivery Attenuates Burn Injury-Induced Muscle Atrophy by Promoting Axonal Myelination and Innervation of Neuromuscular Junctions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415899. [PMID: 36555538 PMCID: PMC9784798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle loss and weakness after a burn injury are typically the consequences of neuronal dysregulation and metabolic change. Hypermetabolism has been noted to cause muscle atrophy. However, the mechanism underlying the development of burn-induced motor neuropathy and its contribution to muscle atrophy warrant elucidation. Current therapeutic interventions for burn-induced motor neuropathy demonstrate moderate efficacy and have side effects, which limit their usage. We previously used a third-degree burn injury rodent model and found that irisin-an exercise-induced myokine-exerts a protective effect against burn injury-induced sensory and motor neuropathy by attenuating neuronal damage in the spinal cord. In the current study, spinal irisin gene delivery was noted to attenuate burn injury-induced sciatic nerve demyelination and reduction of neuromuscular junction innervation. Spinal overexpression of irisin leads to myelination rehabilitation and muscular innervation through the modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor expression along the sciatic nerve to the muscle tissues and thereby modulates the Akt/mTOR pathway and metabolic derangement and prevents muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hua Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - I-Cheng Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sun University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sun University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Tai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sun University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-H.T.); (S.-H.H.)
| | - Shu-Hung Huang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-H.T.); (S.-H.H.)
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16
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Kong Y, Kuss M, Shi Y, Fang F, Xue W, Shi W, Liu Y, Zhang C, Zhong P, Duan B. Exercise facilitates regeneration after severe nerve transection and further modulates neural plasticity. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 26:100556. [PMID: 36405423 PMCID: PMC9673108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with severe traumatic peripheral nerve injury (PNI) always suffer from incomplete recovery and poor functional outcome. Physical exercise-based rehabilitation, as a non-invasive interventional strategy, has been widely acknowledged to improve PNI recovery by promoting nerve regeneration and relieving pain. However, effects of exercise on chronic plastic changes following severe traumatic PNIs have been limitedly discussed. In this study, we created a long-gap sciatic nerve transection followed by autograft bridging in rats and tested the therapeutic functions of treadmill running with low intensity and late initiation. We demonstrated that treadmill running effectively facilitated nerve regeneration and prevented muscle atrophy and thus improved sensorimotor functions and walking performance. Furthermore, exercise could reduce inflammation at the injured nerve as well as prevent the overexpression of TRPV1, a pain sensor, in primary afferent sensory neurons. In the central nervous system, we found that PNI induced transcriptive changes at the ipsilateral lumber spinal dorsal horn, and exercise could reverse the differential expression for genes involved in the Notch signaling pathway. In addition, through neural imaging techniques, we found volumetric, microstructural, metabolite, and neuronal activity changes in supraspinal regions of interest (i.e., somatosensory cortex, motor cortex, hippocampus, etc.) after the PNI, some of which could be reversed through treadmill running. In summary, treadmill running with late initiation could promote recovery from long-gap nerve transection, and while it could reverse maladaptive plasticity after the PNI, exercise may also ameliorate comorbidities, such as chronic pain, mental depression, and anxiety in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Kong
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Mitchell Kuss
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yu Shi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Wen Xue
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Wen Shi
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Peng Zhong
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
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17
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Matesanz-García L, Schmid AB, Cáceres-Pajuelo JE, Cuenca-Martínez F, Arribas-Romano A, González-Zamorano Y, Goicoechea-García C, Fernández-Carnero J. Effect of Physiotherapeutic Interventions on Biomarkers of Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Literature. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2022; 23:1833-1855. [PMID: 35768044 PMCID: PMC7613788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of physiotherapeutic interventions on biomarkers of neuropathic pain in preclinical models of peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP). The search was performed in Pubmed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane, Cinhal, Psycinfo, Scopus, Medline, and Science Direct. Studies evaluating any type of physiotherapy intervention for PNP (systemic or traumatic) were included. Eighty-one articles were included in this review. The most common PNP model was chronic constriction injury, and the most frequently studied biomarkers were related to neuro-immune processes. Exercise therapy and Electro-acupuncture were the 2 most frequently studied physiotherapy interventions while acupuncture and joint mobilization were less frequently examined. Most physiotherapeutic interventions modulated the expression of biomarkers related to neuropathic pain. Whereas the results seem promising; they have to be considered with caution due to the high risk of bias of included studies and high heterogeneity of the type and anatomical localization of biomarkers reported. The review protocol is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019142878). PERSPECTIVE: This article presents the current evidence about physiotherapeutic interventions on biomarkers of neuropathic pain in preclinical models of peripheral neuropathic pain. Existing findings are reviewed, and relevant data are provided on the effectiveness of each physiotherapeutic modality, as well as its certainty of evidence and clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Matesanz-García
- Escuela Internacional de Doctorado, Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain; Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Annina B Schmid
- Nuffield Department for Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ferran Cuenca-Martínez
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Alberto Arribas-Romano
- Escuela Internacional de Doctorado, Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain; Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yeray González-Zamorano
- Escuela Internacional de Doctorado, Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain; Grupo de Investigación de Neurorrehabilitación del Daño Cerebral y los Trastornos del Movimiento (GINDAT), Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Josué Fernández-Carnero
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Investigación de Neurorrehabilitación del Daño Cerebral y los Trastornos del Movimiento (GINDAT), Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain; Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Sciences of the Movement (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor, Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander, Madrid, Spain; La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Luo J, Zhu HQ, Gou B, Zheng YL. Mechanisms of exercise for diabetic neuropathic pain. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:975453. [PMID: 36313015 PMCID: PMC9605799 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.975453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a common disease that affects the daily lives of diabetic patients, and its incidence rate is very high worldwide. At present, drug and exercise therapies are common treatments for DNP. Drug therapy has various side effects. In recent years, exercise therapy has received frequent research and increasing attention by many researchers. Currently, the treatment of DNP is generally symptomatic. We can better select the appropriate exercise prescription for DNP only by clarifying the exercise mechanism for its therapy. The unique pathological mechanism of DNP is still unclear and may be related to the pathological mechanism of diabetic neuropathy. In this study, the mechanisms of exercise therapy for DNP were reviewed to understand better the role of exercise therapy in treating DNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Xian Physical Education University, Xian, China
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Qi Zhu
- College of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Gou
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Xian Physical Education University, Xian, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Gou,
| | - Yi-Li Zheng
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Gou,
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19
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Cho YH, Seo TB. The timing point of exercise intervention regulates neuropathic pain-related molecules in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglion neurons after sciatic nerve injury. J Exerc Rehabil 2022; 18:286-293. [PMID: 36420470 PMCID: PMC9650311 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2244382.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the timing of tread-mill exercise application can control expression levels of neuropathic pain- and regeneration-related proteins in the ipsilateral lumbar 4 (L4) to 6 (L6) dorsal root ganglion cells (DRG) after sciatic nerve injury (SNI). The experimental rats were randomly divided into five groups: the normal control, SNI+sedentary (IS), exercise+SNI (EI), SNI+exercise (IE), exercise+SNI+exercise (EIE) groups. The rats in exercise groups per-formed treadmill exercise at a speed of 8 m/min for 30 min once a day during 14 days before and/or after SNI. For investigating the expression of specific neuropathic pain and regeneration-related proteins in DRG, we prepared L4 to L6 DRG in the ipsilateral side. In the quantitative analysis, growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were further increased in the ipsilateral DRG at all treadmill exercise groups than those in IS group. In the histological findings, GAP-43 was qualitatively increased IE and EIE groups than IS group at DRG. Wnt3a and β-catenin were dramatically downregulated in EIE and IE groups than IS groups. In addition, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly decreased in IE and EIE groups than IS group in the ipsilateral DRG. Our findings suggested novel information that regular low-intensity exercise before and/or after SNI might be a therapeutic and preventive approaches for relieving neuropathic pain and improving axonal elongation after peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Hyun Cho
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju,
Korea
| | - Tae-Beom Seo
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju,
Korea
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20
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Zhu GC, Chen YW, Tsai KL, Wang JJ, Hung CH, Schmid AB. Effects of Neural Mobilization on Sensory Dysfunction and Peripheral Nerve Degeneration in Rats With Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. Phys Ther 2022; 102:6652922. [PMID: 35913760 PMCID: PMC7613682 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of neural mobilization (NM) in the management of sensory dysfunction and nerve degeneration related to experimental painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN). METHODS This is a pre-clinical animal study performed in the streptozocin-induced diabetic rat model. Three groups were included: a treatment group of rats with PDN receiving NM under anesthesia (PDN-NM, n = 10), a sham treatment group of rats with PDN that received only anesthesia (PDN-Sham, n = 9), and a vehicle control group with nondiabetic animals (Vehicle, n = 10). Rats in the PDN-NM and PDN-Sham groups received 1 treatment session on days 10, 12, and 14 after streptozocin injection, with a 48-hour rest period between sessions. Behavioral tests were performed using von Frey and Plantar tests. Evaluation for peripheral nerve degeneration was performed through measuring protein gene product 9.5-positive intra-epidermal nerve fiber density in hind-paw skin biopsies. All measurements were performed by a blinded investigator. RESULTS The behavioral tests showed that a single NM session could reduce hyperalgesia, which was maintained for 48 hours. The second treatment session further improved this treatment effect, and the third session maintained it. These results suggest that it requires multiple treatment sessions to produce and maintain hypoalgesic effects. Skin biopsy analysis showed that the protein gene product 9.5-positive intra-epidermal nerve fiber density was higher on the experimental side of the PDN-NM group compared with the PDN-Sham group, suggesting NM may mitigate the degeneration of peripheral nerves. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that NM may be an effective method to manage experimentally induced PDN, potentially through mitigation of nerve degeneration. Further studies are needed to develop standardized protocols for clinical use. IMPACT These findings provide neurophysiological evidence for the use of NM in PDN and can form the basis for the development of physical therapy-based programs in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Cheng Zhu
- Department of Physical Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yu-Wen Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Kun-Ling Tsai
- Department of Physical Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Jhi-Joung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Ching-Hsia Hung
- Department of Physical Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Annina B. Schmid
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, U.K
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21
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Wang SY, Chiu CC, Wang JJ, Chen YW, Chou AK, Hung CH. Treadmill workouts alleviate neuropathic allodynia and scratching behavior in rats following thoracotomy. Neurol Res 2022; 44:524-533. [PMID: 35001813 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.2024719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effects of treadmill exercise on postthoracotomy pain and the expression of spinal pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. METHODS Animals were randomly distributed into four groups: (a) sham surgery, (b) rats following 60 min thoracotomy and rib retraction (thoracotomy), (c) thoracotomy rats received treadmill training (thoracotomy+treadmill), and (d) sham surgery rats received treadmill training (sham surgery+treadmill). Treadmill workouts were started on postoperative day 10 (POD10) and lasted for 6 weeks (5 days per week). Rats were examined for cold allodynia using acetone and mechanical allodynia using von Frey hairs (in grams) at the surgical site. Spinal pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed on PODs 28 and 49. RESULTS Both thoracotomy and thoracotomy+treadmill groups exhibited a decrease in mechanical force thresholds (g) and an increase in scratches per min on POD10. Mechanical hypersensitivity and incremental scratches lasted from POD14 and POD49 in the thoracotomy group. Although force thresholds and scratches remained not return to baseline, incremental force thresholds (p < 0.001) and diminutive scratches (p < 0.001) occurred after 6-week treadmill workouts. The rise in spinal interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations or the decline in spinal IL-10 concentration in thoracotomy+treadmill rats was less (p < 0.05) than thoracotomy rats without exercise. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical allodynia using von Frey filament testing and cold allodynia by acetone testing were improved in thoracotomy rats after treadmill workouts.. Treadmill exercise restrained excess pro-inflammatory cytokine expression but increased anti-inflammatory cytokine level in a rib retraction model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siao-Yuan Wang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Chi Chiu
- Department of General Surgery, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jhi-Joung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology Tri-Service General Hospital & National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan Tainan Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - An-Kuo Chou
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsia Hung
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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22
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Exercise Reduces Pain Behavior and Pathological Changes in Dorsal Root Ganglia Induced by Systemic Inflammation in Mice. Neurosci Lett 2022; 778:136616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Brett Whalen L, Zachary Wright W, Kundur P, Angadi S, Modesitt SC. Beneficial effects of exercise on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and sleep disturbance: A review of literature and proposed mechanisms. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2022; 39:100927. [PMID: 35071723 PMCID: PMC8761687 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2022.100927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise counters chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and sleep disturbances. Exercise reduces inflammation, promotes neuroplasticity, modulates pain signaling. Exercise improves sleep disturbances by entraining circadian rhythmicity. Oncologists should learn how to prescribe exercise regimens for their patients.
The goal of this narrative review is to evaluate the literature regarding exercise training as a therapy to prevent or mitigate deleterious side effects of chemotherapy, specifically peripheral neuropathy and sleep disturbances and to make concrete recommendations for implementation for the practicing oncologist. A literature search was conducted for studies that included an exercise intervention to be implemented for patients undergoing or previously treated with chemotherapy along with an analysis of its effect on either chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) or chemotherapy-induced sleep disturbances. Studies were subsequently analyzed and summarized in order to determine the overall promise of exercise as a therapy in this setting. Five studies met inclusion criteria to be assessed with regard to the effect of exercise on CIPN and eight were included for sleep disturbances. Exercise was found to be a significantly beneficial therapy in preventing, mitigating, or improving the symptoms of CIPN and sleep disturbances in cancer patients in the majority of studies evaluated. Exercise is an effective intervention and should be specifically prescribed concurrently with chemotherapy to maximize potential of avoiding these debilitating side effects, which significantly and negatively impact quality of life in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Brett Whalen
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Corresponding author at: University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1215 Lee St, CVC 5144, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States.
| | - W. Zachary Wright
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Priyanka Kundur
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Siddhartha Angadi
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Susan C. Modesitt
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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24
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Jaleel G, Shaphe MA, Khan AR, Malhotra D, Khan H, Parveen S, Qasheesh M, Beg RA, Chahal A, Ahmad F, Ahmad MF. Effect of Exercises on Central and Endocrine System for Pain Modulation in Primary Dysmenorrhea. J Lifestyle Med 2022; 12:15-25. [PMID: 35300040 PMCID: PMC8918380 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2022.12.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysmenorrhea is the term for describing complex menstrual flow and painful spasmodic cramps during menstruation, and pain without any pathology is considered Primary Dysmenorrhea (PD). It is the most frequent ailment among women of all ages and races. The pain is dull and throbbing in character and occurs in the lower back and abdomen. Symptoms commonly appear 6 to 12 months after menarche, with the most significant incidence in the late teen and early twenties. Physical exercise is nearly a new non-medical intervention to relieve PD associated pain. Aerobics, stretching and Resistive exercises for 8-12 weeks, either supervised or unsupervised, relieves pain. Exercises are believed to cause hormonal changes in the uterine lining, which reduces PD symptoms. Researchers have presumed different pain-relieving methods, ranging from non-opioids to opioids to hormonal for variations in pain sensitivity. Exercise-induced analgesia provides the central pathway as the primary mechanism for pain reduction while, another way to reducing pain in PD may be a hormonal interaction. The hormonal changes causing exercise-induced pain modulation during the menstruation cycle is not clearly understood and the interaction and activation of all the central and endocrine components, which is a complex mechanism, is also not explained clearly. This study briefly reviews the physiological mechanism of Exercise-induced analgesia and its potent roles in controlling the pathogenesis of PD for pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghufran Jaleel
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, India
| | - Muhammad Abu Shaphe
- Physical Therapy College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing Sciences and Allied Health, Jamia Hamdard, Delhi, India
| | - Huma Khan
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing Sciences and Allied Health, Jamia Hamdard, Delhi, India
| | - Sana Parveen
- Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College, Karol Bagh, India
| | - Mohammed Qasheesh
- Physical Therapy College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid Ali Beg
- Physical Therapy College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aksh Chahal
- Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Haryana, India
| | - Fuzail Ahmad
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Hsieh YL, Yang NP, Chen SF, Lu YL, Yang CC. Early Intervention of Cold-Water Swimming on Functional Recovery and Spinal Pain Modulation Following Brachial Plexus Avulsion in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031178. [PMID: 35163098 PMCID: PMC8835039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) causes peripheral nerve injury complications with motor and sensory dysfunction of the upper limb. Growing evidence has shown an active role played by cold-water swimming (CWS) in alleviating peripheral neuropathic pain and functional recovery. This study examined whether CWS could promote functional recovery and pain modulation through the reduction of neuroinflammation and microglial overactivation in dorsal horn neurons at the early-stage of BPA. After BPA surgery was performed on rats, they were assigned to CWS or sham training for 5 min twice a day for two weeks. Functional behavioral responses were tested before and after BPA surgery, and each week during training. Results after the two-week training program showed significant improvements in BPA-induced motor and sensory loss (p < 0.05), lower inflammatory cell infiltration, and vacuole formation in injured nerves among the BPA-CWS group. Moreover, BPA significantly increased the expression of SP and IBA1 in dorsal horn neurons (p < 0.05), whereas CWS prevented their overexpression in the BPA-CWS group. The present findings evidenced beneficial rehabilitative effects of CWS on functional recovery and pain modulation at early-stage BPA. The beneficial effects are partially related to inflammatory suppression and spinal modulation. The synergistic role of CWS combined with other management approaches merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22053366 (ext. 7312)
| | - Nian-Pu Yang
- Kao-An Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Taichung 40763, Taiwan; (N.-P.Y.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-C.Y.)
| | - Shih-Fong Chen
- Kao-An Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Taichung 40763, Taiwan; (N.-P.Y.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-C.Y.)
| | - Yu-Lin Lu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Chia Yang
- Kao-An Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Taichung 40763, Taiwan; (N.-P.Y.); (S.-F.C.); (C.-C.Y.)
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26
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Ghatak K, Yin GN, Hong SS, Kang JH, Suh JK, Ryu JK. Heat Shock Protein 70 in Penile Neurovascular Regeneration Requires Cystathionine Gamma-Lyase. World J Mens Health 2022; 40:580-599. [PMID: 36047068 PMCID: PMC9482852 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diabetes mellitus, one of the major causes of erectile dysfunction, leads to a poor response to phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), a ubiquitous molecular chaperone, is known to play a role in cell survival and neuroprotection. Here, we aimed to assess whether and how Hsp70 improves erectile function in diabetic mice. Materials and Methods Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice and Hsp70-Tg mice were used in this study. We injected Hsp70 protein into the penis of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Detailed mechanisms were evaluated in WT or Hsp70-Tg mice under normal and diabetic conditions. Primary MCECs, and MPG and DRG tissues were cultivated under normal-glucose and high-glucose conditions. Results Using Hsp70-Tg mice or Hsp70 protein administration, we demonstrate that elevated levels of Hsp70 restores erectile function in diabetic mice. We found that cystathionine gamma-lyase (Cse) is a novel target of Hsp70 in this process, showing that Hsp70-Cse acts through the SDF1/HO-1/PI3K/Akt/eNOS/NF-κB p65 pathway to exert its neurovascular regeneration-promoting effects. Coimmunoprecipitation and pull-down assays using mouse cavernous endothelial cells treated with Hsp70 demonstrated physical interactions between Hsp70 and Cse with a dissociation constant of 1.8 nmol/L. Conclusions Our findings provide novel and solid evidence that Hsp70 acts through a Cse-dependent mechanism to mediate neurovascular regeneration and restoration of erectile function under diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Ghatak
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Guo Nan Yin
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicinal Toxicology Research Center, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Suh
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ji-Kan Ryu
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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Verdú E, Homs J, Boadas-Vaello P. Physiological Changes and Pathological Pain Associated with Sedentary Lifestyle-Induced Body Systems Fat Accumulation and Their Modulation by Physical Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413333. [PMID: 34948944 PMCID: PMC8705491 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle is associated with overweight/obesity, which involves excessive fat body accumulation, triggering structural and functional changes in tissues, organs, and body systems. Research shows that this fat accumulation is responsible for several comorbidities, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and metabolic dysfunctions, as well as pathological pain behaviors. These health concerns are related to the crosstalk between adipose tissue and body systems, leading to pathophysiological changes to the latter. To deal with these health issues, it has been suggested that physical exercise may reverse part of these obesity-related pathologies by modulating the cross talk between the adipose tissue and body systems. In this context, this review was carried out to provide knowledge about (i) the structural and functional changes in tissues, organs, and body systems from accumulation of fat in obesity, emphasizing the crosstalk between fat and body tissues; (ii) the crosstalk between fat and body tissues triggering pain; and (iii) the effects of physical exercise on body tissues and organs in obese and non-obese subjects, and their impact on pathological pain. This information may help one to better understand this crosstalk and the factors involved, and it could be useful in designing more specific training interventions (according to the nature of the comorbidity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Verdú
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (P.B.-V.)
| | - Judit Homs
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Department of Physical Therapy, EUSES-University of Girona, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Pere Boadas-Vaello
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (P.B.-V.)
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Martins GA, Degen AN, Antunes FTT, da Rosa LG, Ferraz AG, Wiilland E, Vieira LB, de Souza AH. Benefits of electroacupuncture and a swimming association when compared with isolated protocols in an osteoarthritis model. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 12:375-383. [PMID: 35747360 PMCID: PMC9209859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by pain and inflammation. Electroacupuncture (EA) and swimming (SW) are non-pharmacological interventions recommended for treating OA. The study evaluated the benefits of electroacupuncture (EA) and swimming (SW) association when compared with isolated protocols in an OA rodent model. Experimental. Procedures An ankle monoarthritis model was induced in rats by applying Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). After seven days of induced OA, the groups were submitted to EA (ST36 and the GB 30 Acupoint), SW, or the EA + SW protocol. The nociceptive behavior was measured by the Von Frey test, the Cold Stimulation test, and the Paw Flick Immersion test. Inflammatory activity was evaluated by measuring TNF levels, myeloperoxidase, NAGase, immunological parameters and the histology from the subcutaneous tissue. Results Compared to CFA group, EA decreased the nociceptive scores in the cold stimulation test (p < 0.05), and it also increased the latency time in thermal cold (p < 0.01) and heat hyperalgesia (p < 0.001). Also, EA reduced NAGase (p < 0.01). SW reduced the edema (p < 0.05) and did not increase the inflammatory infiltrates or congestion, neither in the histological measurements nor by analyzing the levels of TNF. The association of EA + SW decreased the neutrophils and the monocytes, MPO (p < 0.05), and the glutamate levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, p < 0.001). Conclusion There were statistical differences between combination therapy and monotherapy as seen by the inflammatory parameters, which could be associate to the delay of the chronification osteoarthritis retardation. However, EA + SW did not show benefits when compared to isolated protocols in nociceptive behavior. Electroacupuncture (EA) extended the latency time in the thermal hyperalgesia assay. The swimming protocol did not increase the inflammatory infiltrates. EA and swimming decreased the glutamate levels in the cerebral spinal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Andrade Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology for the Health Sciences, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andressa Nayara Degen
- Department of Pharmacology, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Flavia Tasmin Techera Antunes
- Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology for the Health Sciences, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Corresponding author. Lutheran University of Brazil, Av. Farroupilha, 8001, District São José, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, 92425900, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Gabriela da Rosa
- Department of Pharmacology, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alice Gomez Ferraz
- Department of Pharmacology, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Elenir Wiilland
- Department of Pharmacology, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciene Bruno Vieira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Hubner de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology for the Health Sciences, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Comparative Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Changes of microRNAs Response to Exercise in Rats with Neuropathic Pain. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:5597139. [PMID: 34394340 PMCID: PMC8356008 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5597139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence showing that exercise therapy may play an active role in peripheral neuropathic pain (NP), but its mechanism is still unclear. Studies have found that microRNAs (miRNAs) may play a role in NP by regulating pain-related target genes. Therefore, we aimed to explore the changes of miRNA and mRNA of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after NP in response to exercise with transcriptome technology. The chronic constriction injury (CCI) model was established, and rats were randomly allocated into three groups, namely, the sham-operated, CCI, and CCI-exercised groups. L4-L6 DRG tissue was taken for RNA-sequencing, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined through bioinformatics analysis. Real-time PCR was used to confirm the accuracy. A total of 4 overlapping differentially expressed miRNAs and 186 overlapping differentially expressed mRNAs were identified in the two comparisons of the sham-operated group versus the CCI group and the CCI group versus the CCI-exercised group. Among these DEGs, miR-145-5p, miR-341, miR-300-5p, miR-653-5p, Atf3, Cacna2d1, Gal, and Ctss related to NP were validated by real-time PCR. DEGs between the CCI and CCI-exercised groups were enriched in HIF-1 signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, and neurotrophin signaling pathway. This study provides an understanding of the adaptive mechanisms after exercise of NP, and these DEGs in DRG might play a role in NP by stimulating the enriched pathways.
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Khan J, Wang Q, Ren Y, Eliav R, Korczeniewska OA, Benoliel R, Eliav E. Exercise induced hypoalgesia profile in rats is associated with IL-10 and IL-1 β levels and pain severity following nerve injury. Cytokine 2021; 143:155540. [PMID: 33902989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain may undergo modulation in the central nervous system prior to reaching the primary somatosensory cortex and being perceived as pain. Faulty pain modulation mechanisms have been linked to various chronic pain conditions. Cytokines such as IL-10 and IL-1beta, are known to be involved in initiation and maintenance of neuropathic pain. In this study, we investigated the association between pain modulation profile, pain intensity and cytokines (IL-10 and IL-1beta) levels in a rat model of neuropathic pain. METHODS Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia (EIH) was assessed by evaluating the percentage of responses to a train of 60g mechanical stimuli before and after 180 seconds of exercise on a rotating rod. The differences in the response rates before and after the exercise were used to divide the rats into low and high EIH responders. Rats from low and high EIH groups underwent constriction injury of the left sciatic nerve. Pain behavior (allodynia and hyperalgesia) were assessed by measuring responses to mechanical and thermal stimuli applied to the plantar surface of the foot. Serum, sciatic nerve and the related Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) levels of IL-10 and IL-1beta were determined by ELISA. The DRG mRNA levels of IL-10 and IL-1beta measured with PCR. A comparison between the low and high EIH rats of all measured parameters was made. RESULTS The low EIH rats developed significantly more severe allodynia and hyperalgesia in the affected paw and allodynia in the contralateral paw compared to the high EIH rats, 7 days following the injury. The low EIH rats had higher IL-1beta protein levels in serum prior to and following injury, higher affected and contralateral sciatic nerve IL-1beta levels following injury and higher IL-1beta levels in the contralateral DRG (protein and mRNA) following injury when compared to high EIH rats. The high EIH rats had higher affected sciatic nerve IL-10 levels following nerve injury and higher IL-10 levels of both protein and mRNA in the affected and contralateral DRG at baseline and following injury. CONCLUSION EIH profile was found to be predictive of pain behavior following nerve injury, low EIH rats developed more severe allodynia and hyperalgesia. IL-1beta may be associated with painful neuropathy developed in rats with low EIH while the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 may have a protective role, inhibiting the development of painful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junad Khan
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Qian Wang
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yanfang Ren
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eli Eliav
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Kale MB, Bajaj K, Umare M, Wankhede NL, Taksande BG, Umekar MJ, Upaganlawar A. Exercise and Nutraceuticals: Eminent approach for Diabetic Neuropathy. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:108-128. [PMID: 34191703 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210629123010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is an incapacitating chronic pathological condition that encompasses a large group of diseases and manifestations of nerve damage. It affects approximately 50% of patients with diabetes mellitus. Autonomic, sensory, and motor neurons are affected. Disabilities are severe, along with poor recovery and diverse pathophysiology. Physical exercise and herbal-based therapies have the potential to decrease the disabilities associated with diabetic neuropathy. Aerobic exercises like walking, weight lifting, the use of nutraceuticals and herbal extracts are found to be effective. Literature from the public domain was studied emphasizing various beneficial effects of different exercises, use of herbal and nutraceuticals for their therapeutic action in diabetic neuropathy. Routine exercises and administration of herbal and nutraceuticals, either the extract of plant material containing the active phytoconstituent or isolated phytoconstituent at safe concentration, have been shown to have promising positive action in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. Exercise has shown promising effects on vascular and neuronal health and has proven to be well effective in the treatment as well as prevention of diabetic neuropathy by various novel mechanisms, including herbal and nutraceuticals therapy is also beneficial for the condition. They primarily show the anti-oxidant effect, secretagogue, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective action. Severe adverse events are rare with these therapies. The current review investigates the benefits of exercise and nutraceutical therapies in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Bhimrao Kale
- Shrimati Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Komal Bajaj
- Shrimati Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohit Umare
- Shrimati Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nitu L Wankhede
- Shrimati Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Milind Janrao Umekar
- Shrimati Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aman Upaganlawar
- SNJB's Shriman Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad-42310, Nasik, Maharashtra, India
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Jiang J, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Ji Y, Guo H, Wang X, Yu S. Effects of Nogo-A and its receptor on the repair of sciatic nerve injury in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e10842. [PMID: 34076142 PMCID: PMC8186374 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2020e10842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of injured peripheral nerves is an extremely complex process. Nogo-A (neurite outgrowth inhibitor-A) inhibits axonal regeneration by interacting with Nogo receptor in the myelin sheath of the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Nogo-A and its receptor on the repair of sciatic nerve injury in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (n=96) were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (control), sciatic nerve transection group (model), immediate repair group (immediate repair), and delayed repair group (delayed repair). The rats were euthanized 1 week and 6 weeks after operation. The injured end tissues of the spinal cord and sciatic nerve were obtained. The protein expressions of Nogo-A and Nogo-66 receptor (NgR) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The protein expressions of Nogo-A, NgR, and Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) were detected by western blot. At 1 week after operation, the pathological changes in the immediate repaired group were less, and the protein expressions of Nogo-A, NgR, and RhoA in the spinal cord and sciatic nerve tissues were decreased (P<0.05) compared with the model group. After 6 weeks, the pathological changes in the immediate repair group and the delayed repair group were alleviated and the protein expressions decreased (P<0.05). The situation of the immediate repair group was better than that of the delayed repair group. Our data suggest that the expression of Nogo-A and its receptor increased after sciatic nerve injury, indicating that Nogo-A and its receptor play an inhibitory role in the repair process of sciatic nerve injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yuanchen Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Zhiwu Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Hand Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Yantai City Municipal Government Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Shengjun Yu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
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Leitzelar BN, Koltyn KF. Exercise and Neuropathic Pain: A General Overview of Preclinical and Clinical Research. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2021; 7:21. [PMID: 33751253 PMCID: PMC7984211 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a disease of the somatosensory system that is characterized by tingling, burning, and/or shooting pain. Medication is often the primary treatment, but it can be costly, thus there is an interest in understanding alternative low-cost treatments such as exercise. The following review includes an overview of the preclinical and clinical literature examining the influence of exercise on neuropathic pain. Preclinical studies support the hypothesis that exercise reduces hyperalgesia and allodynia in animal models of neuropathic pain. In human research, observational studies suggest that those who are more physically active have lower risk of developing neuropathic pain compared to those who are less active. Exercise studies suggest aerobic exercise training (e.g., 16 weeks); a combination of aerobic and resistance exercise training (e.g., 10–12 weeks); or high-intensity interval training (e.g., 15 weeks) reduces aspects of neuropathic pain such as worst pain over the past month, pain over the past 24 h, pain scores, or pain interference. However, not all measures of pain improve following exercise training (e.g., current pain, heat pain threshold). Potential mechanisms and future directions are also discussed to aid in the goal of understanding the role of exercise in the management of neuropathic pain. Future research using standardized methods to further understanding of the dose of exercise needed to manage neuropathic pain is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna N Leitzelar
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Ave., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kelli F Koltyn
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Ave., Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Lopes BC, Medeiros LF, Stein DJ, Cioato SG, de Souza VS, Medeiros HR, Sanches PRS, Fregni F, Caumo W, Torres ILS. tDCS and exercise improve anxiety-like behavior and locomotion in chronic pain rats via modulation of neurotrophins and inflammatory mediators. Behav Brain Res 2021; 404:113173. [PMID: 33577881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders cause distress and are commonly found to be comorbid with chronic pain. Both are difficult-to-treat conditions for which alternative treatment options are being pursued. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), treadmill exercise, or both, on anxiety-like behavior and associated growth factors and inflammatory markers in the hippocampus and sciatic nerve of rats with neuropathic pain. Male Wistar rats (n = 216) were subjected to sham-surgery or sciatic nerve constriction for pain induction. Fourteen days following neuropathic pain establishment, either bimodal tDCS, treadmill exercise, or a combination of both was used for 20 min a day for 8 consecutive days. The elevated plus-maze test was used to assess anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity during the early (24 h) or late (7 days) phase after the end of treatment. BDNF, TNF-ɑ, and IL-10 levels in the hippocampus, and BDNF, NGF, and IL-10 levels in the sciatic nerve were assessed 48 h or 7 days after the end of treatment. Rats from the pain groups developed an anxiety-like state. Both tDCS and treadmill exercise provided ethological and neurochemical alterations induced by pain in the early and/or late phase, and a modest synergic effect between tDCS and exercise was observed. These results indicate that non-invasive neuromodulatory approaches can attenuate both anxiety-like status and locomotor activity and alter the biochemical profile in the hippocampus and sciatic nerve of rats with neuropathic pain and that combined interventions may be considered as a treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettega Costa Lopes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-007 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90050-170 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Liciane Fernandes Medeiros
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-007 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade La Salle, 92010-000 Canoas, Brazil.
| | - Dirson João Stein
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-007 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Stefania Giotti Cioato
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-007 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Silva de Souza
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-007 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Helouise Richardt Medeiros
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-007 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Stefani Sanches
- Laboratório de Engenharia Biomédica, Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital & Massachusetts General Hospital. Harvard Medical School and Center for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 02215 Boston, USA
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 90035-007 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90050-170 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Baeza-Flores GDC, Guzmán-Priego CG, Parra-Flores LI, Murbartián J, Torres-López JE, Granados-Soto V. Metformin: A Prospective Alternative for the Treatment of Chronic Pain. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:558474. [PMID: 33178015 PMCID: PMC7538784 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.558474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin (biguanide) is a drug widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This drug has been used for 60 years as a highly effective antihyperglycemic agent. The search for the mechanism of action of metformin has produced an enormous amount of research to explain its effects on gluconeogenesis, protein metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, oxidative stress, glucose uptake, autophagy and pain, among others. It was only up the end of the 1990s and beginning of this century that some of its mechanisms were revealed. Metformin induces its beneficial effects in diabetes through the activation of a master switch kinase named AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Two upstream kinases account for the physiological activation of AMPK: liver kinase B1 and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2. Once activated, AMPK inhibits the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which in turn avoids the phosphorylation of p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathways and reduces cap-dependent translation initiation. Since metformin is a disease-modifying drug in type 2 diabetes, which reduces the mTORC1 signaling to induce its effects on neuronal plasticity, it was proposed that these mechanisms could also explain the antinociceptive effect of this drug in several models of chronic pain. These studies have highlighted the efficacy of this drug in chronic pain, such as that from neuropathy, insulin resistance, diabetic neuropathy, and fibromyalgia-type pain. Mounting evidence indicates that chronic pain may induce anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment in rodents and humans. Interestingly, metformin is able to reverse some of these consequences of pathological pain in rodents. The purpose of this review was to analyze the current evidence about the effects of metformin in chronic pain and three of its comorbidities (anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Del Carmen Baeza-Flores
- Laboratorio de Mecanismos de Dolor, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Crystell Guadalupe Guzmán-Priego
- Laboratorio de Mecanismos de Dolor, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Leonor Ivonne Parra-Flores
- Laboratorio de Mecanismos de Dolor, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Janet Murbartián
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Elías Torres-López
- Laboratorio de Mecanismos de Dolor, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico.,Departamento de Anestesiología, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad "Dr. Juan Graham Casasús", Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Vinicio Granados-Soto
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
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Huang SH, Yang SM, Lo JJ, Wu SH, Tai MH. Irisin Gene Delivery Ameliorates Burn-Induced Sensory and Motor Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207798. [PMID: 33096842 PMCID: PMC7589574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Burn-related neuropathy is common and often involves pain, paresthesia, or muscle weakness. Irisin, an exercise-induced myokine after cleavage from its membrane precursor fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5), exhibits neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. A rat model of third-degree burn on the right hind paw was used to investigate the therapeutic role of irisin/FNDC5. Rats received burn injury and were treated with intrathecal recombinant adenovirus containing the irisin sequence (Ad-irisin) at 3 weeks postburn. One week later, mechanical allodynia was examined. The expression of irisin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was detected. Ipsilateral gastrocnemius muscle and lumbar spinal cord were also obtained for further investigation. Furthermore, the anti-apoptotic effect of recombinant irisin in SH-SY5Y cells was evaluated through tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) stimulus to mimic burn injury. We noted intrathecal Ad-irisin attenuated pain sensitization and gastrocnemius muscle atrophy by modulating the level of irisin in CSF, and the expression of neuronal FNDC5/irisin and TNFα in the spinal cord. Ad-irisin also ameliorated neuronal apoptosis in both dorsal and ventral horns. Furthermore, recombinant irisin attenuated TNFα-induced SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis. In summary, irisin attenuated allodynia and muscle wasting by ameliorating neuroinflammation-induced neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hung Huang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sun University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan;
| | - Jing-Jou Lo
- Department of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Sheng-Hua Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-H.W.); (M.-H.T.)
| | - Ming-Hong Tai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sun University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (S.-H.W.); (M.-H.T.)
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Running wheel exercise induces therapeutic and preventive effects on inflammatory stimulus-induced persistent hyperalgesia in mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240115. [PMID: 33048957 PMCID: PMC7553300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain affects significant portion of the world's population and physical exercise has been extensively indicated as non-pharmacological clinical intervention to relieve symptoms in chronic pain conditions. In general, studies on pain chronification and physical exercise intervention have focused on neuropathic pain, although chronic pain commonly results from an original inflammatory episode. Based on this, the objective of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic and preventive effect of the running wheel exercise on the persistent hyperalgesia induced by repetitive inflammatory stimulus, a rodent model that simulates clinical conditions of chronic pain that persist even with no more inflammatory stimulus present. To evaluate the therapeutic effect of physical exercise, we first induced persistent hyperalgesia through 14 days of PGE2 hind paw injections and, after that, mice have access to the regular voluntary running wheel. To evaluate the preventive effect of physical exercise, we first left the mice with access to the regular voluntary running wheel and, after that, we performed 14 days of PGE2 hind paw injection. Our results showed that voluntary running wheel exercise reduced persistent mechanical and chemical hyperalgesia intensity induced by repetitive inflammatory stimulus. In addition, we showed that this therapeutic effect is long-lasting and is observed even if started belatedly, i.e. two weeks after the development of hyperalgesia. Also, our results showed that voluntary running wheel exercise absolutely prevented persistent mechanical and chemical hyperalgesia induction. We can conclude that physical exercise has therapeutic and preventive effect on inflammatory stimulus-induced persistent hyperalgesia. Our data from animal experiments bypass placebo effects bias of the human studies and reinforce physical exercise clinical recommendations to treat and prevent chronic pain.
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Lesnak JB, Sluka KA. Mechanism of exercise-induced analgesia: what we can learn from physically active animals. Pain Rep 2020; 5:e850. [PMID: 33490844 PMCID: PMC7808683 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has become a first-line treatment in rehabilitation settings for individuals with chronic pain. However, research has only recently begun to elucidate the mechanisms of exercise-induced analgesia. Through the study of animal models, exercise has been shown to induce changes in the brain, spinal cord, immune system, and at the site of injury to prevent and reduce pain. Animal models have also explored beneficial effects of exercise through different modes of exercise including running, swimming, and resistance training. This review will discuss the central and peripheral mechanisms of exercise-induced analgesia through different modes, intensity, and duration of exercise as well as clinical applications of exercise with suggestions for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B. Lesnak
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Sluka
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Development of a novel analgesic for neuropathic pain targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 531:390-395. [PMID: 32800540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Effective treatment of neuropathic pain is challenging as its underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Recently, the participation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in neuropathic pain has been attracting increased attention. BDNF binds to a member of the tyrosine kinase receptor family, the TrkB receptor, that is specific for BDNF and is the transmembrane receptor on the posterior horn of spinal cord. In the present study, we purified two proteins that included the BDNF-binding domain of TrkB (eTrkB) and eTrkB coupled with a liposomal outer surface (liposomal eTrkB) in order to inhibit the BDNF-TrkB pathway in neuropathic pain. Results of the pull-down assay showed that eTrkB was bound to BDNF. We investigated the neuropathic pain suppression effect of this purified protein by its intrathecal administration in a rat neuropathic pain model. Mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia induced by L5 lumbar nerve ligation was markedly suppressed by treatment with eTrkB protein. Furthermore, we showed a prolonged algetic inhibition by liposomal eTrkB protein treatment. In conclusion, this study suggests that eTrkB, which sequesters endogenous BDNF and inhibits the BDNF-TrkB pathway, may prove to be a novel analgesic to treat neuropathic pain.
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Sex Difference in Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain Response to Exercise: Role of Oxidative Stress. Pain Res Manag 2020; 2020:3939757. [PMID: 32676135 PMCID: PMC7341438 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3939757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim Orofacial chronic neuropathic pain commonly occurs following trigeminal nerve injuries. We investigated whether swimming exercise can reduce trigeminal neuropathic pain through improving antioxidant capacity. Materials and Methods Twenty-eight Wistar rats of either sex and 180–220 grams were divided into 4 groups as sham, neuropathy, neuropathy + single bout exercise, and neuropathy + 2 weeks of exercise. Trigeminal neuropathy was carried out through chronic constriction injury (CCI) of infraorbital nerve. Protocols of exercise were included a single bout session (45 minutes) and a 2-week (45 minutes/day/6 days a week) swimming exercise. Mechanical allodynia was detected using Von Frey filaments. The activity of the serum antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and superoxides dismutase was assayed using ELISA kits. Results We found that CCI significantly reduced facial pain threshold in both sexes (P < 0.05). Both swimming exercise protocols significantly reduced mechanical allodynia in female rats compared to the sham group; however, only 2 weeks of exercise were significantly effective in male rats. The activity of antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase significantly (P < 0.05) decreased following CCI in female rats against that in the sham group and 2-week exercise significantly (P < 0.05) increased it toward the control level. The levels of glutathione peroxidase in male rats and superoxidase dismutase in both sexes were not significantly different compared to their sham groups. Conclusion Swimming exercise alleviates trigeminal neuropathic pain in both sexes. Oxidative stress as a possible mechanism was involved in the effect of exercise on female rat trigeminal neuropathy.
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Bogacka J, Ciapała K, Pawlik K, Kwiatkowski K, Dobrogowski J, Przeklasa-Muszynska A, Mika J. CCR4 Antagonist (C021) Administration Diminishes Hypersensitivity and Enhances the Analgesic Potency of Morphine and Buprenorphine in a Mouse Model of Neuropathic Pain. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1241. [PMID: 32760393 PMCID: PMC7372009 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a chronic condition that remains a major clinical problem owing to high resistance to available therapy. Recent studies have indicated that chemokine signaling pathways are crucial in the development of painful neuropathy; however, the involvement of CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) has not been fully elucidated thus far. Therefore, the aim of our research was to investigate the role of CCR4 in the development of tactile and thermal hypersensitivity, the effectiveness of morphine/buprenorphine, and opioid-induced tolerance in mice exposed to chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. The results of our research demonstrated that a single intrathecal or intraperitoneal administration of C021, a CCR4 antagonist, dose dependently diminished neuropathic pain-related behaviors in CCI-exposed mice. After sciatic nerve injury, the spinal expression of CCL17 and CCL22 remained unchanged in contrast to that of CCL2, which was significantly upregulated until day 14 after CCI. Importantly, our results provide evidence that in naive mice, CCL2 may evoke pain-related behaviors through CCR4 because its pronociceptive effects are diminished by C021. In CCI-exposed mice, the pharmacological blockade of CCR4 enhanced the analgesic properties of morphine/buprenorphine and delayed the development of morphine-induced tolerance, which was associated with the silencing of IBA-1 activation in cells and decrease in CCL2 production. The obtained data suggest that the pharmacological blockade of CCR4 may be a new potential therapeutic target for neuropathic pain polytherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bogacka
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ciapała
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pawlik
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Kwiatkowski
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Dobrogowski
- Department of Pain Research and Treatment, Chair of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Przeklasa-Muszynska
- Department of Pain Research and Treatment, Chair of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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Pagliusi M, Bonet I, Brandão A, Magalhães S, Tambeli C, Parada C, Sartori C. Therapeutic and Preventive Effect of Voluntary Running Wheel Exercise on Social Defeat Stress (SDS)-induced Depressive-like Behavior and Chronic Pain in Mice. Neuroscience 2020; 428:165-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Jahangiri Z, Gholamnezhad Z, Hosseini M, Beheshti F, Kasraie N. The effects of moderate exercise and overtraining on learning and memory, hippocampal inflammatory cytokine levels, and brain oxidative stress markers in rats. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:993-1004. [PMID: 31637588 PMCID: PMC10717043 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00719-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the exercise intensity effects on rats' memory and learning, animals were divided into control, moderate training (MT), and overtraining (OT) groups. At training last week, learning and memory was assessed using Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance (PA) tests. Finally, the rat's brains were removed for evaluating oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. Overtraining impaired animal's performance in MWM and PA tests. In MT group, hippocampal levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased, and thiol contents in hippocampal and cortical tissues decreased compared to control. In OT group, tumor necrosis factor α, IL-1β, and C-reactive protein hippocampal levels increased, MDA and nitric oxide metabolite in hippocampal and cortical tissues increased, thiol contents, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity in hippocampal and cortical tissues decreased compared to control and MT groups. Overtraining might lead to learning and memory impairment by increasing the inflammatory cytokine and oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jahangiri
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, 9177948564, Iran
| | - Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, 9177948564, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Narges Kasraie
- Rosenberg School of Optometry, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Farzad B, Rajabi H, Gharakhanlou R, Allison DJ, Hayat P, Jameie SB. Swimming Training Attenuates Allodynia and Hyperalgesia Induced by Peripheral Nerve Injury in an Adult Male Rat Neuropathic Model: Effects on Irisin and GAD65. PAIN MEDICINE 2019; 19:2236-2245. [PMID: 29315430 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnx294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective The analgesic mechanism of long-lasting exercise on neuropathic pain is not well understood. This study explored the effects of swimming training on neuropathic pain and the expression of irisin, GAD65, and P2X3 after chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Methods Thirty-five male rats were randomly assigned to one of the following five groups: 1) no CCI or swimming (control); 2) swimming without CCI (SW); 3) swimming with CCI (CCISW); 4) CCI without swimming (CCI); and 5) sham CCI surgery (sham CCI). Behavioral responses to mechanical, cold, and heat stimuli were tested before and after CCI surgery, as well as each week throughout the four weeks of swimming training. The expression of irisin, GAD65, and P2X3 proteins in L4-L6 spinal cord segment, ipsilateral to the nerve injury, were evaluated by western blotting. Results Mechanical hyperalgesia was alleviated between the second and fourth weeks of training in the CCISW group. In the tactile allodynia and heat hyperalgesia tests, withdrawal thresholds of the CCISW group were significantly higher than the CCI group at the third and fourth week of training (P < 0.05), while cold allodynia showed delayed improvement occurring by the fourth week of training. The expression of irisin was lower in the CCISW and SW groups compared with the CCI group at day 33 post-CCI surgery. Moreover, CCI surgery significantly decreased the protein expression of GAD65 in L4-L6 spinal cord segments (P = 0.018), whereas swimming training prevented the decline of GAD65 in the CCISW group. Conclusions Our findings showed that four weeks of swimming training produce beneficial rehabilitative effects on neuropathic pain symptoms. The analgesic effect of swimming training is partially related to the increase of GAD65. The beneficial role of irisin in neuropathic pain will require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Farzad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physical Education & Sports Science, Faculty of Humanities, Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Rajabi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education & Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Gharakhanlou
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - David J Allison
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Parisa Hayat
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Behnamedin Jameie
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jahangiri Z, Gholamnezhad Z, Hosseini M. The effects of exercise on hippocampal inflammatory cytokine levels, brain oxidative stress markers and memory impairments induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1157-1169. [PMID: 30937699 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The exercise effects on behavioral tests, hippocampal and cortical oxidative stress, and hippocampal inflammatory cytokines of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administered rats were investigated. The rats were divided into four groups (N = 8): (1) control; (2) moderate training (MT, 15 m/min, 30 min/day, 9 weeks); (3) LPS (1 mg/kg LPS) and (4) LPS + MT (1 mg/kg LPS; 15 m/min, 30 min/day, 9 weeks). LPS was injected 2 h before the behavioral experiments during the last week of training. Finally, the rats' brain were removed for biochemical assessments. LPS increased escape latency and traveled distance to reach the platform in Morris water maze (MWM) test (P < 0.05-P < 0.001). In the passive avoidance (PA) test, LPS decreased the latency to enter the dark compartment and the time spent in the light compartment and increased the time spent in the dark compartment (P < 0.01-P < 0.001), while MT improved the rats performances in MWM and PA tests (P < 0.01-P < 0.001). Additionally, LPS increased tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and C-reactive protein levels in the hippocampal tissues, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide metabolite in hippocampal and cortical tissues, and decreased thiol contents and catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in hippocampal and cortical tissues compared to the control group (P < 0.01-P < 0.001); while moderate training decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and MDA; increased thiol contents, and SOD and CAT activity in the LPS + MT compared to the LPS group (P < 0.001). These results indicated that moderate training improved LPS-induced learning and memory impairments by attenuating the hippocampal cytokine levels and brain oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jahangiri
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, 9177948564, Iran
| | - Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, 9177948564, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Guo JB, Chen BL, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Song G, Yang Z, Zheng YL, Wang XQ, Chen PJ. Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Exercise on Neuropathic Pain Induced by Peripheral Nerve Injury in Rat Models. Front Neurol 2019; 10:636. [PMID: 31258512 PMCID: PMC6587136 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is accumulating evidence showing that exercise therapy may play an active role in peripheral neuropathic pain (NP). However, there have been no meta-analysis to investigate the effects of exercise on NP induced by peripheral nerve injury in rat models. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched from inception to January 2019. A random-effect model was implemented to provide effect estimates for pain-related behavioral test outcome. Mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: Fourteen studies were included. For the mechanical withdrawal threshold, rats in the exercised group exhibited significantly higher thresholds than those in the control group, with a MD of 0.91 (95% CI 0.11–1.71), 3.11 (95% CI 1.56–4.66), 3.48 (95% CI 2.70–4.26), 4.16 (95% CI 2.53–5.79), and 5.58 (95% CI 3.44–7.73) at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks, respectively. Additionally, thermal withdrawal latency increased in the exercised group compared with the control group, with a MD of 2.48 (95% CI 0.59–4.38), 3.57 (95% CI 2.10–5.05), 3.92 (95% CI 2.82–5.03), and 2.84 (95% CI 1.29–4.39) at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks, respectively. Subgroup analyses were performed for pain models, exercise start point, exercise forms, and duration, which decreased heterogeneity to some extent. Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicated that exercise provoked an increase in mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency in animal NP models. Exercise therapy may be a promising non-pharmacologic therapy to prevent the development of NP. Further, preclinical studies focused on improving experiment design and reporting are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bao Guo
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Lin Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ge Song
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Li Zheng
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Jie Chen
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Interleukin-4 mediates the analgesia produced by low-intensity exercise in mice with neuropathic pain. Pain 2019; 159:437-450. [PMID: 29140923 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) activates the immune system, resulting in increased proinflammatory cytokines at the site of injury and in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Exercise modulates the immune system promoting an anti-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages in uninjured muscle, and increases in anti-inflammatory cytokines can promote healing and analgesia. We proposed that PNI will decrease, and treadmill exercise will increase, release of anti-inflammatory cytokines at the site of injury and in the spinal cord. We show that 2 weeks of treadmill exercise improves neuropathic pain behaviors in mice: mechanical hyperalgesia, escape and avoidance behavior, and spontaneous locomotor activity. Peripheral nerve injury reduced anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-4 [IL-4], IL-1ra, and IL-5) at the site of nerve injury and in the spinal dorsal horn, whereas exercise restored IL-4, IL-1ra, and IL-5 concentrations to preinjury levels. IL4 mice and mice treated with IL-4 antibody did not develop analgesia to treadmill exercise. Using immunohistochemical staining of the sciatic nerve, treadmill exercise increased the percentage of M2 macrophages (secretes anti-inflammatory cytokines) and decreased M1 macrophages (secretes proinflammatory cytokines) when compared with sedentary mice. The increased M2 and decreased M1 macrophages in exercised mice did not occur in IL-4 mice. In the spinal cord, PNI increased glial cell activation, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and β-nerve growth factor levels, and decreased IL-4 and IL-1ra levels, whereas treadmill exercise suppressed glial cells activation (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Iba1 immunoreactivity), reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor and β-nerve growth factor, and increased IL-4, IL-1ra, and IL-5 concentrations. Our results suggest that IL-4 mediates the analgesia produced by low-intensity exercise by modulating peripheral and central neuroimmune responses in mice with neuropathic pain.
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Interleukin 1β inhibition contributes to the antinociceptive effects of voluntary exercise on ischemia/reperfusion-induced hypersensitivity. Pain 2019; 159:380-392. [PMID: 29112534 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Issues of peripheral circulation have been increasingly suggested as an underlying cause of musculoskeletal pain in many conditions, including sickle cell anemia and peripheral vascular disease. We have previously shown in our model of transient ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury of the forelimb that individual group III and IV muscle afferents display altered chemosensitivity and mechanical thresholds 1 day after injury. Functional alterations corresponded to increased evoked and spontaneous pain-related behaviors and decreased muscle strength and voluntary activity-all actions that echo clinical symptoms of ischemic myalgia. These behavioral and physiological changes appeared to originate in part from the action of increased interleukin 1β (IL1β) in the injured muscles at its upregulated IL1 receptor 1 within the dorsal root ganglion. Here, we describe that two days of voluntary wheel running prior to I/R blocks both injury-induced IL1β enhancement and the subsequent development of ischemic myalgia-like behaviors. Furthermore, the protective effects of 2 days prior exercise on the I/R-evoked increases in pain-related behaviors were also paralleled with systemic injection of the IL1 receptor antagonist during I/R. Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist treatment additionally prevented the I/R-induced changes in mechanical and chemical sensitivity of individual primary muscle afferents. Altogether, these data strengthen the evidence that transient I/R injury sensitizes group III and IV muscle afferents via increased IL1β in the muscles to stimulate ischemic myalgia development. Targeting IL1β may, therefore, be an effective treatment strategy for this insidious type of muscle pain.
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闫 树, 杨 广, 莫 思, 刘 云, 谢 秋. [Effect of long-term resistance exercise on masseter muscle mechanical hyperalgesia in rats]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2019; 51:21-27. [PMID: 30773539 PMCID: PMC7433543 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of long-term resistance exercise of hindlimb on mechanical hyperalgesia of bilateral masseter muscle in rats with or without occlusal interference. METHODS Six-teen male Sprague-Dawley rats (220-250 g) were randomly divided into four groups: the naive control group, naive exercise group, occlusal interference control group, and occlusal interference exercise group. The rats in occlusal interference groups (occlusal interference control group and occlusal interference exercise group) obtained occlusal interference with 0.4 mm-thick crowns bonded to the right maxillary first molars. The rats in exercise groups (naive exercise group and occlusal interference exercise group) performed squat-type resistance exercises for 30 minutes, once a day, 5 days/week, lasting for 14 weeks. Resistance exercise was recorded every day. Mechanical withdrawal thresholds of bilateral masseter muscle were tested per week by use of modified electronic von-frey anesthesiometer. The rats were weighed per week. After the 14-week exercise, the muscle strength of the hindlimb was tested with a grip strength meter. Muscle (gastrocnemius and soleus) weight of bilateral hindlimb and length of bilateral fibula of the rats were obtained. The muscle-mass/body-mass ratios and muscle-mass/fibula-length ratios were calculated. RESULTS Between the naive control group and naive exercise group, there was no significant difference in the mechanical withdrawal thresholds of bilateral masseter muscle for the 0-4 weeks (P>0.05). During the 5-14 weeks, the mechanical withdrawal thresholds of the rats in the naive exercise group were higher than those in the naive control group (P<0.05). Between the occlusal interference control group and occlusal interference exercise group, there was no significant difference in the mechanical withdrawal thresholds of bilateral masseter muscle for the 0-6 weeks (P>0.05). During the 7-14 weeks, the mechanical withdrawal thresholds of rats in the naive exercise group were higher than those in the occlusal interference control group (P<0.05). After the 14week exercise, the body mass of the rats in nonexercise group (the naive control group and occlusal interference control group) were larger than those in exercise group [(462±6) g vs. (418±14) g, P<0.05]. And the muscle strength of hindlimb of the rats in exercise group were bigger than those in non-exercise group [(6.75±0.13) N vs. (5.41±0.15) N, P<0.01]. CONCLUSION long-term resistance exercise can increase mechanical withdrawal thresholds of the bilateral masseter muscle in rats with or without masseter muscle mechanical hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- 树东 闫
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,修复科 口颌功能诊疗研究中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics,Center for Oral and Jaw Functional Diagnosis, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology,Beijing 100081, China
| | - 广聚 杨
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,修复科 口颌功能诊疗研究中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics,Center for Oral and Jaw Functional Diagnosis, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology,Beijing 100081, China
| | - 思怡 莫
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,修复科 口颌功能诊疗研究中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics,Center for Oral and Jaw Functional Diagnosis, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology,Beijing 100081, China
| | - 云 刘
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,修复科 口颌功能诊疗研究中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics,Center for Oral and Jaw Functional Diagnosis, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology,Beijing 100081, China
| | - 秋菲 谢
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,修复科 口颌功能诊疗研究中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics,Center for Oral and Jaw Functional Diagnosis, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology,Beijing 100081, China
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Shen J, Huo BB, Hua XY, Zheng MX, Lu YC, Wu JJ, Shan CL, Xu JG. Cerebral 18F-FDG metabolism alteration in a neuropathic pain model following brachial plexus avulsion: A PET/CT study in rats. Brain Res 2019; 1712:132-138. [PMID: 30738025 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate cerebral metabolic changes in a neuropathic pain model following deafferentation. A total of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were included for modeling of right brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) through the posterior approach. As nerve injury would cause central sensitization and facilitate pain sensitivity in other parts of the body, thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) of the intact forepaw was assessed to investigate the level of pain perception following BPA-induced neuropathic pain. [Fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) was applied to the brain before and after brachial plexus avulsion to explore metabolic changes in neuropathic pain following deafferentation. The TWL of the left (intact) forepaw was significantly lower after BPA than that of baseline (p < 0.001). Using TWL as a covariate, standardized uptake values (SUVs) of 18F-FDG significantly increased in the ipsilateral dorsolateral thalamus and contralateral anterodorsal hippocampus after BPA. Conversely, SUVs in multiple brain regions decreased, including the contralateral somatosensory cortex, ipsilateral cingulate cortex, and ipsilateral temporal association cortex. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the SUVs of the contralateral anterodorsal hippocampus and ipsilateral dorsolateral thalamus were negatively related to the TWL of the intact forepaw, whereas the SUVs in the contralateral somatosensory cortex and ipsilateral cingulate cortex were positively related to it (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that upregulation of metabolism in the anterodorsal hippocampus and dorsolateral thalamus and downregulation metabolism in the contralateral somatosensory cortex and ipsilateral cingulate cortex could be a unique pattern of metabolic changes for neuropathic pain following brachial plexus avulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shen
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Bei Huo
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Yun Hua
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mou-Xiong Zheng
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye-Chen Lu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Lei Shan
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Guang Xu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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