1
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Yong P, Zhang Z, Du S. Ectopic expression of Myomaker and Myomixer in slow muscle cells induces slow muscle fusion and myofiber death. J Genet Genomics 2024:S1673-8527(24)00214-5. [PMID: 39209151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Zebrafish embryos possess two major types of myofibers, the slow and fast fibers, with distinct patterns of cell fusion. The fast muscle cells can fuse, while the slow muscle cells cannot. Here, we show that myomaker is expressed in both slow and fast muscle precursors, while myomixer is exclusive to fast muscle cells. The loss of Prdm1a, a regulator of slow muscle differentiation, results in strong myomaker and myomixer expression and slow muscle cell fusion. This abnormal fusion is further confirmed by the direct ectopic expression of myomaker or myomixer in slow muscle cells of transgenic models. Using the transgenic models, we show that the heterologous fusion between slow and fast muscle cells can alter slow muscle cell migration and gene expression. Furthermore, the overexpression of myomaker and myomixer also disrupts membrane integrity, resulting in muscle cell death. Collectively, this study identifies that the fiber-type-specific expression of fusogenic proteins is critical for preventing inappropriate fusion between slow and fast fibers in fish embryos, highlighting the need for precise regulation of fusogenic gene expression to maintain muscle fiber integrity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzheng Yong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, United States
| | - Zhanxiong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, United States
| | - Shaojun Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, United States.
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2
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Lukowicz-Bedford RM, Eisen JS, Miller AC. Gap-junction-mediated bioelectric signaling required for slow muscle development and function in zebrafish. Curr Biol 2024; 34:3116-3132.e5. [PMID: 38936363 PMCID: PMC11265983 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Bioelectric signaling, intercellular communication facilitated by membrane potential and electrochemical coupling, is emerging as a key regulator of animal development. Gap junction (GJ) channels can mediate bioelectric signaling by creating a fast, direct pathway between cells for the movement of ions and other small molecules. In vertebrates, GJ channels are formed by a highly conserved transmembrane protein family called the connexins. The connexin gene family is large and complex, creating challenges in identifying specific connexins that create channels within developing and mature tissues. Using the embryonic zebrafish neuromuscular system as a model, we identify a connexin conserved across vertebrate lineages, gjd4, which encodes the Cx46.8 protein, that mediates bioelectric signaling required for slow muscle development and function. Through mutant analysis and in vivo imaging, we show that gjd4/Cx46.8 creates GJ channels specifically in developing slow muscle cells. Using genetics, pharmacology, and calcium imaging, we find that spinal-cord-generated neural activity is transmitted to developing slow muscle cells, and synchronized activity spreads via gjd4/Cx46.8 GJ channels. Finally, we show that bioelectrical signal propagation within the developing neuromuscular system is required for appropriate myofiber organization and that disruption leads to defects in behavior. Our work reveals a molecular basis for GJ communication among developing muscle cells and reveals how perturbations to bioelectric signaling in the neuromuscular system may contribute to developmental myopathies. Moreover, this work underscores a critical motif of signal propagation between organ systems and highlights the pivotal role of GJ communication in coordinating bioelectric signaling during development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith S Eisen
- University of Oregon, Institute of Neuroscience, Eugene, OR 97405, USA
| | - Adam C Miller
- University of Oregon, Institute of Neuroscience, Eugene, OR 97405, USA.
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3
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Dennhag N, Kahsay A, Nissen I, Nord H, Chermenina M, Liu J, Arner A, Liu JX, Backman LJ, Remeseiro S, von Hofsten J, Pedrosa Domellöf F. fhl2b mediates extraocular muscle protection in zebrafish models of muscular dystrophies and its ectopic expression ameliorates affected body muscles. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1950. [PMID: 38431640 PMCID: PMC10908798 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In muscular dystrophies, muscle fibers loose integrity and die, causing significant suffering and premature death. Strikingly, the extraocular muscles (EOMs) are spared, functioning well despite the disease progression. Although EOMs have been shown to differ from body musculature, the mechanisms underlying this inherent resistance to muscle dystrophies remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate important differences in gene expression as a response to muscle dystrophies between the EOMs and trunk muscles in zebrafish via transcriptomic profiling. We show that the LIM-protein Fhl2 is increased in response to the knockout of desmin, plectin and obscurin, cytoskeletal proteins whose knockout causes different muscle dystrophies, and contributes to disease protection of the EOMs. Moreover, we show that ectopic expression of fhl2b can partially rescue the muscle phenotype in the zebrafish Duchenne muscular dystrophy model sapje, significantly improving their survival. Therefore, Fhl2 is a protective agent and a candidate target gene for therapy of muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Dennhag
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Abraha Kahsay
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Itzel Nissen
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology; Section of Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hanna Nord
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Chermenina
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jiao Liu
- Div. Thoracic Surgery, Dept. Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Anders Arner
- Div. Thoracic Surgery, Dept. Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jing-Xia Liu
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ludvig J Backman
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Silvia Remeseiro
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology; Section of Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonas von Hofsten
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Fatima Pedrosa Domellöf
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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4
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Oudhoff H, Hisler V, Baumgartner F, Rees L, Grepper D, Jaźwińska A. Skeletal muscle regeneration after extensive cryoinjury of caudal myomeres in adult zebrafish. NPJ Regen Med 2024; 9:8. [PMID: 38378693 PMCID: PMC10879182 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-024-00351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles can regenerate after minor injuries, but severe structural damage often leads to fibrosis in mammals. Whether adult zebrafish possess the capacity to reproduce profoundly destroyed musculature remains unknown. Here, a new cryoinjury model revealed that several myomeres efficiently regenerated within one month after wounding the zebrafish caudal peduncle. Wound clearance involved accumulation of the selective autophagy receptor p62, an immune response and Collagen XII deposition. New muscle formation was associated with proliferation of Pax7 expressing muscle stem cells, which gave rise to MyoD1 positive myogenic precursors, followed by myofiber differentiation. Monitoring of slow and fast muscles revealed their coordinated replacement in the superficial and profound compartments of the myomere. However, the final boundary between the muscular components was imperfectly recapitulated, allowing myofibers of different identities to intermingle. The replacement of connective with sarcomeric tissues required TOR signaling, as rapamycin treatment impaired new muscle formation, leading to persistent fibrosis. The model of zebrafish myomere restoration may provide new medical perspectives for treatment of traumatic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Oudhoff
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Hisler
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Florian Baumgartner
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Lana Rees
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Dogan Grepper
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Anna Jaźwińska
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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5
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Kahsay A, Dennhag N, Liu JX, Nord H, Rönnbäck H, Thorell AE, von Hofsten J, Pedrosa Domellöf F. Obscurin Maintains Myofiber Identity in Extraocular Muscles. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:19. [PMID: 38334702 PMCID: PMC10860686 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.2.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The cytoskeleton of the extraocular muscles (EOMs) is significantly different from that of other muscles. We aimed to investigate the role of obscurin, a fundamental cytoskeletal protein, in the EOMs. Methods The distribution of obscurin in human and zebrafish EOMs was compared using immunohistochemistry. The two obscurin genes in zebrafish, obscna and obscnb, were knocked out using CRISPR/Cas9, and the EOMs were investigated using immunohistochemistry, qPCR, and in situ hybridization. The optokinetic reflex (OKR) in five-day-old larvae and adult obscna-/-;obscnb-/- and sibling control zebrafish was analyzed. Swimming distance was recorded at the same age. Results The obscurin distribution pattern was similar in human and zebrafish EOMs. The proportion of slow and fast myofibers was reduced in obscna-/-;obscnb-/- zebrafish EOMs but not in trunk muscle, whereas the number of myofibers containing cardiac myosin myh7 was significantly increased in EOMs of obscurin double mutants. Loss of obscurin resulted in less OKRs in zebrafish larvae but not in adult zebrafish. Conclusions Obscurin expression is conserved in normal human and zebrafish EOMs. Loss of obscurin induces a myofiber type shift in the EOMs, with upregulation of cardiac myosin heavy chain, myh7, showing an adaptation strategy in EOMs. Our model will facilitate further studies in conditions related to obscurin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraha Kahsay
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nils Dennhag
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jing-Xia Liu
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hanna Nord
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hugo Rönnbäck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Jonas von Hofsten
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fatima Pedrosa Domellöf
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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6
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Lukowicz-Bedford RM, Eisen JS, Miller AC. Gap junction mediated bioelectric coordination is required for slow muscle development, organization, and function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.20.572619. [PMID: 38187655 PMCID: PMC10769300 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Bioelectrical signaling, intercellular communication facilitated by membrane potential and electrochemical coupling, is emerging as a key regulator of animal development. Gap junction (GJ) channels can mediate bioelectric signaling by creating a fast, direct pathway between cells for the movement of ions and other small molecules. In vertebrates, GJ channels are formed by a highly conserved transmembrane protein family called the Connexins. The connexin gene family is large and complex, presenting a challenge in identifying the specific Connexins that create channels within developing and mature tissues. Using the embryonic zebrafish neuromuscular system as a model, we identify a connexin conserved across vertebrate lineages, gjd4, which encodes the Cx46.8 protein, that mediates bioelectric signaling required for appropriate slow muscle development and function. Through a combination of mutant analysis and in vivo imaging we show that gjd4/Cx46.8 creates GJ channels specifically in developing slow muscle cells. Using genetics, pharmacology, and calcium imaging we find that spinal cord generated neural activity is transmitted to developing slow muscle cells and synchronized activity spreads via gjd4/Cx46.8 GJ channels. Finally, we show that bioelectrical signal propagation within the developing neuromuscular system is required for appropriate myofiber organization, and that disruption leads to defects in behavior. Our work reveals the molecular basis for GJ communication among developing muscle cells and reveals how perturbations to bioelectric signaling in the neuromuscular system_may contribute to developmental myopathies. Moreover, this work underscores a critical motif of signal propagation between organ systems and highlights the pivotal role played by GJ communication in coordinating bioelectric signaling during development.
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7
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Ramírez-Vidal L, Molina-Villa T, Mendoza V, Peralta-Álvarez CA, Poot-Hernández AC, Dotov D, López-Casillas F. Betaglycan promoter activity is differentially regulated during myogenesis in zebrafish embryo somites. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:1162-1179. [PMID: 37222488 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Betaglycan, also known as the TGFβ type III receptor (Tgfbr3), is a co-receptor that modulates TGFβ family signaling. Tgfbr3 is upregulated during C2C12 myoblast differentiation and expressed in mouse embryos myocytes. RESULTS To investigate tgfbr3 transcriptional regulation during zebrafish embryonic myogenesis, we cloned a 3.2 kb promoter fragment that drives reporter transcription during C2C12 myoblasts differentiation and in the Tg(tgfbr3:mCherry) transgenic zebrafish. We detect tgfbr3 protein and mCherry expression in the adaxial cells concomitantly with the onset of their radial migration to become slow-twitch muscle fibers in the Tg(tgfbr3:mCherry). Remarkably, this expression displays a measurable antero-posterior somitic gradient expression. CONCLUSIONS tgfbr3 is transcriptionally regulated during somitic muscle development in zebrafish with an antero-posterior gradient expression that preferentially marks the adaxial cells and their descendants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth Ramírez-Vidal
- Departmento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tonatiuh Molina-Villa
- Departmento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Valentín Mendoza
- Departmento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Dobromir Dotov
- Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Fernando López-Casillas
- Departmento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
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8
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Lencer E, Rains A, Binne E, Prekeris R, Artinger KB. Mutations in cdon and boc affect trunk neural crest cell migration and slow-twitch muscle development in zebrafish. Development 2023; 150:dev201304. [PMID: 37390228 PMCID: PMC10357035 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The transmembrane proteins cdon and boc are implicated in regulating hedgehog signaling during vertebrate development. Recent work showing roles for these genes in axon guidance and neural crest cell migration suggest that cdon and boc may play additional functions in regulating directed cell movements. We use newly generated and existing mutants to investigate a role for cdon and boc in zebrafish neural crest cell migration. We find that single mutant embryos exhibit normal neural crest phenotypes, but that neural crest migration is strikingly disrupted in double cdon;boc mutant embryos. We further show that this migration phenotype is associated with defects in the differentiation of slow-twitch muscle cells, and the loss of a Col1a1a-containing extracellular matrix, suggesting that neural crest defects may be a secondary consequence to defects in mesoderm development. Combined, our data add to a growing literature showing that cdon and boc act synergistically to promote hedgehog signaling during vertebrate development, and suggest that the zebrafish can be used to study the function of hedgehog receptor paralogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Lencer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Addison Rains
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development Graduate Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Erin Binne
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rytis Prekeris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kristin B. Artinger
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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9
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Hau HTA, Kelu JJ, Ochala J, Hughes SM. Slow myosin heavy chain 1 is required for slow myofibril and muscle fibre growth but not for myofibril initiation. Dev Biol 2023; 499:47-58. [PMID: 37121308 PMCID: PMC10713478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Slow myosin heavy chain 1 (Smyhc1) is the major sarcomeric myosin driving early contraction by slow skeletal muscle fibres in zebrafish. New mutant alleles lacking a functional smyhc1 gene move poorly, but recover motility as the later-formed fast muscle fibres of the segmental myotomes mature, and are adult viable. By motility analysis and inhibiting fast muscle contraction pharmacologically, we show that a slow muscle motility defect persists in mutants until about 1 month of age. Breeding onto a genetic background marking slow muscle fibres with EGFP revealed that mutant slow fibres undergo terminal differentiation, migration and fibre formation indistinguishable from wild type but fail to generate large myofibrils and maintain cellular orientation and attachments. In mutants, initial myofibrillar structures with 1.67 μm periodic actin bands fail to mature into the 1.96 μm sarcomeres observed in wild type, despite the presence of alternative myosin heavy chain molecules. The poorly-contractile mutant slow muscle cells generate numerous cytoplasmic organelles, but fail to grow and bundle myofibrils or to increase in cytoplasmic volume despite passive movements imposed by fast muscle. The data show that both slow myofibril maturation and cellular volume increase depend on the function of a specific myosin isoform and suggest that appropriate force production regulates muscle fibre growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Ting A Hau
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, SE1 1UL, UK; Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jeffrey J Kelu
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Julien Ochala
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Simon M Hughes
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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10
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Tesoriero C, Greco F, Cannone E, Ghirotto F, Facchinello N, Schiavone M, Vettori A. Modeling Human Muscular Dystrophies in Zebrafish: Mutant Lines, Transgenic Fluorescent Biosensors, and Phenotyping Assays. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8314. [PMID: 37176020 PMCID: PMC10179009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a heterogeneous group of myopathies characterized by progressive muscle weakness leading to death from heart or respiratory failure. MDs are caused by mutations in genes involved in both the development and organization of muscle fibers. Several animal models harboring mutations in MD-associated genes have been developed so far. Together with rodents, the zebrafish is one of the most popular animal models used to reproduce MDs because of the high level of sequence homology with the human genome and its genetic manipulability. This review describes the most important zebrafish mutant models of MD and the most advanced tools used to generate and characterize all these valuable transgenic lines. Zebrafish models of MDs have been generated by introducing mutations to muscle-specific genes with different genetic techniques, such as (i) N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) treatment, (ii) the injection of specific morpholino, (iii) tol2-based transgenesis, (iv) TALEN, (v) and CRISPR/Cas9 technology. All these models are extensively used either to study muscle development and function or understand the pathogenetic mechanisms of MDs. Several tools have also been developed to characterize these zebrafish models by checking (i) motor behavior, (ii) muscle fiber structure, (iii) oxidative stress, and (iv) mitochondrial function and dynamics. Further, living biosensor models, based on the expression of fluorescent reporter proteins under the control of muscle-specific promoters or responsive elements, have been revealed to be powerful tools to follow molecular dynamics at the level of a single muscle fiber. Thus, zebrafish models of MDs can also be a powerful tool to search for new drugs or gene therapies able to block or slow down disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tesoriero
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.T.); (F.G.); (F.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Francesca Greco
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.T.); (F.G.); (F.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Elena Cannone
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Ghirotto
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.T.); (F.G.); (F.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Nicola Facchinello
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Schiavone
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Vettori
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.T.); (F.G.); (F.G.); (A.V.)
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11
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Pipalia TG, Sultan SHA, Koth J, Knight RD, Hughes SM. Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in Zebrafish. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2640:227-248. [PMID: 36995599 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3036-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Muscle regeneration models have revealed mechanisms of inflammation, wound clearance, and stem cell-directed repair of damage, thereby informing therapy. Whereas studies of muscle repair are most advanced in rodents, the zebrafish is emerging as an additional model organism with genetic and optical advantages. Various muscle wounding protocols (both chemical and physical) have been published. Here we describe simple, cheap, precise, adaptable, and effective wounding protocols and analysis methods for two stages of a larval zebrafish skeletal muscle regeneration model. We show examples of how muscle damage, ingression of muscle stem cells, immune cells, and regeneration of fibers can be monitored over an extended timecourse in individual larvae. Such analyses have the potential to greatly enhance understanding, by reducing the need to average regeneration responses across individuals subjected to an unavoidably variable wound stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan G Pipalia
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sami H A Sultan
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jana Koth
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert D Knight
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simon M Hughes
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK.
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12
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Ganassi M, Zammit PS, Hughes SM. Isolation, Culture, and Analysis of Zebrafish Myofibers and Associated Muscle Stem Cells to Explore Adult Skeletal Myogenesis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2640:21-43. [PMID: 36995585 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3036-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Adult skeletal musculature experiences continuous physical stress, and hence requires maintenance and repair to ensure its continued efficient functioning. The population of resident muscle stem cells (MuSCs), termed satellite cells, resides beneath the basal lamina of adult myofibers, contributing to both muscle hypertrophy and regeneration. Upon exposure to activating stimuli, MuSCs proliferate to generate new myoblasts that differentiate and fuse to regenerate or grow myofibers. Moreover, many teleost fish undergo continuous growth throughout life, requiring continual nuclear recruitment from MuSCs to initiate and grow new fibers, a process that contrasts with the determinate growth observed in most amniotes. In this chapter, we describe a method for the isolation, culture, and immunolabeling of adult zebrafish myofibers that permits examination of both myofiber characteristics ex vivo and the MuSC myogenic program in vitro. Morphometric analysis of isolated myofibers is suitable to assess differences among slow and fast muscles or to investigate cellular features such as sarcomeres and neuromuscular junctions. Immunostaining for Pax7, a canonical stemness marker, identifies MuSCs on isolated myofibers for study. Furthermore, the plating of viable myofibers allows MuSC activation and expansion and downstream analysis of their proliferative and differentiative dynamics, thus providing a suitable, parallel alternative to amniote models for the study of vertebrate myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Ganassi
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Peter S Zammit
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simon M Hughes
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK.
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13
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Wu P, Yong P, Zhang Z, Xu R, Shang R, Shi J, Zhang J, Bi P, Chen E, Du S. Loss of Myomixer Results in Defective Myoblast Fusion, Impaired Muscle Growth, and Severe Myopathy in Zebrafish. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:1023-1038. [PMID: 36083384 PMCID: PMC10112271 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development and growth of fish skeletal muscles require myoblast fusion to generate multinucleated myofibers. While zebrafish fast-twitch muscle can fuse to generate multinucleated fibers, the slow-twitch muscle fibers remain mononucleated in zebrafish embryos and larvae. The mechanism underlying the fiber-type-specific control of fusion remains elusive. Recent genetic studies using mice identified a long-sought fusion factor named Myomixer. To understand whether Myomixer is involved in the fiber-type specific fusion, we analyzed the transcriptional regulation of myomixer expression and characterized the muscle growth phenotype upon genetic deletion of myomixer in zebrafish. The data revealed that overexpression of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) drastically inhibited myomixer expression and blocked myoblast fusion, recapitulating the phenotype upon direct genetic deletion of myomixer from zebrafish. The fusion defect in myomixer mutant embryos could be faithfully rescued upon re-expression of zebrafish myomixer gene or its orthologs from shark or human. Interestingly, myomixer mutant fish survived to adult stage though were notably smaller than wildtype siblings. Severe myopathy accompanied by the uncontrolled adipose infiltration was observed in both fast and slow muscle tissues of adult myomixer mutants. Collectively, our data highlight an indispensable role of myomixer gene for cell fusion during both embryonic muscle development and post-larval muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengzheng Yong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Zhanxiong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Renjie Shang
- Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengpeng Bi
- Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Elizabeth Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Shaojun Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
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14
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Liu G, Ito T, Kijima Y, Yoshitake K, Asakawa S, Watabe S, Kinoshita S. Zebrafish Danio rerio myotomal muscle structure and growth from a spatial transcriptomics perspective. Genomics 2022; 114:110477. [PMID: 36058475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fish exhibit different muscle structures and growth characteristics compared with mammals. We used a spatial transcriptomics approach and examined myotomal muscle sections from zebrafish. Adult muscles were divided into eight regions according to spatial gene expression characteristics. Slow muscle was located in the wedge-shaped region near the lateral line and at the base of the dorsal fin, intermediate muscle was located in a ribbon-shaped region adjacent to slow muscle, and fast muscle was located in the deep region of the trunk, surrounded by intermediate muscle; the interior of fast muscle was further divided into 6 parts by their transcriptomic features. Combined analysis of adult and larval data revealed that adult muscles contain specific regions similar to larval muscles. These regions showed active myogenesis and a high expression of genes associated with muscle hyperplasia. This is the first study to apply spatial transcriptomics to fish myotomal muscle structure and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanting Liu
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takumi Ito
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kijima
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kazutoshi Yoshitake
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shuichi Asakawa
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shugo Watabe
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Kinoshita
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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15
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Mendieta-Serrano MA, Dhar S, Ng BH, Narayanan R, Lee JJY, Ong HT, Toh PJY, Röllin A, Roy S, Saunders TE. Slow muscles guide fast myocyte fusion to ensure robust myotome formation despite the high spatiotemporal stochasticity of fusion events. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2095-2110.e5. [PMID: 36027918 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal myogenesis is dynamic, and it involves cell-shape changes together with cell fusion and rearrangements. However, the final muscle arrangement is highly organized with striated fibers. By combining live imaging with quantitative analyses, we dissected fast-twitch myocyte fusion within the zebrafish myotome in toto. We found a strong mediolateral bias in fusion timing; however, at a cellular scale, there was heterogeneity in cell shape and the relationship between initial position of fast myocytes and resulting fusion partners. We show that the expression of the fusogen myomaker is permissive, but not instructive, in determining the spatiotemporal fusion pattern. Rather, we observed a close coordination between slow muscle rearrangements and fast myocyte fusion. In mutants that lack slow fibers, the spatiotemporal fusion pattern is substantially noisier. We propose a model in which slow muscles guide fast myocytes by funneling them close together, enhancing fusion probability. Thus, despite fusion being highly stochastic, a robust myotome structure emerges at the tissue scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunandan Dhar
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Boon Heng Ng
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Rachna Narayanan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jorge J Y Lee
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Hui Ting Ong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Pearlyn Jia Ying Toh
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Adrian Röllin
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Sudipto Roy
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Timothy E Saunders
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore.
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16
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Kulkarni S, Pasricha PJ. Detecting Adult Enteric Neurogenesis in the Context of Adult ENS Homeostasis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:967. [PMID: 35932848 PMCID: PMC9500438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Kulkarni
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pankaj J Pasricha
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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17
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Hasan S, Asakawa S, Watabe S, Kinoshita S. Regulation of the Expression of the Myosin Heavy Chain (MYH) Gene myh14 in Zebrafish Development. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:821-835. [PMID: 34490548 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The human sarcomeric myosin heavy chain gene MYH14 contains an intronic microRNA, miR-499. Our previous studies demonstrated divergent genomic organization and expression patterns of myh14/miR-499 among teleosts; however, the regulatory mechanism is partly known. In this study, we report the regulation of myh14 expression in zebrafish, Danio rerio. Zebrafish myh14 has three paralogs, myh14-1, myh14-2, and myh14-3. Detailed promoter analysis suggested that a 5710-bp 5'-flanking region of myh14-1 and a 5641-bp region of myh14-3 contain a necessary regulatory region to recapitulate specific expression during embryonic development. The 5'-flanking region of zebrafish myh14-1 and its torafugu ortholog shared two distal and a single proximal conserved region. The two distal conserved regions had no effect on zebrafish myh14-1 expression, in contrast to torafugu expression, suggesting an alternative regulatory mechanism among the myh14 orthologs. Comparison among the 5'-flanking regions of the myh14 paralogs revealed two conserved regions. Deletion of these conserved regions significantly reduced the promoter activity of myh14-3 but had no effect on myh14-1, indicating different cis-regulatory mechanisms of myh14 paralogs. Loss of function of miR-499 resulted in a marked reduction in slow muscle fibers in embryonic development. Our study identified different cis-regulatory mechanisms controlling the expression of myh14/miR-499 and an indispensable role of miR-499 in muscle fiber-type specification in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Hasan
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, 5201 University Blvd., Laredo, TX, 78041, USA.
| | - Shuichi Asakawa
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shugo Watabe
- School of Marine Bioscience, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Kinoshita
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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18
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Aksoy YA, Yang B, Chen W, Hung T, Kuchel RP, Zammit NW, Grey ST, Goldys EM, Deng W. Spatial and Temporal Control of CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing Delivered via a Light-Triggered Liposome System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:52433-52444. [PMID: 33174413 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas9 and related systems offer a unique genome-editing tool allowing facile and efficient introduction of heritable and locus-specific sequence modifications in the genome. Despite its molecular precision, temporal and spatial control of gene editing with the CRISPR-Cas9 system is very limited. We developed a light-sensitive liposome delivery system that offers a high degree of spatial and temporal control of gene editing with the CRISPR-Cas9 system. We demonstrated its efficient protein release by respectively assessing the targeted knockout of the eGFP gene in human HEK293/GFP cells and the TNFAIP3 gene in TNFα-induced HEK293 cells. We further validated our results at a single-cell resolution using an in vivo eGFP reporter system in zebrafish (77% knockout). These findings indicate that light-triggered liposomes may have new options for precise control of CRISPR-Cas9 release and editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagiz Alp Aksoy
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Biyao Yang
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Tzongtyng Hung
- The Biological Resource Imaging Laboratory, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rhiannon P Kuchel
- Electron Microscope Unit, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nathan W Zammit
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shane T Grey
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ewa M Goldys
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Wei Deng
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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19
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Whittle J, Antunes L, Harris M, Upshaw Z, Sepich DS, Johnson AN, Mokalled M, Solnica-Krezel L, Dobbs MB, Gurnett CA. MYH3-associated distal arthrogryposis zebrafish model is normalized with para-aminoblebbistatin. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e12356. [PMID: 33016623 PMCID: PMC7645368 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Distal arthrogryposis (DA) is group of syndromes characterized by congenital joint contractures. Treatment development is hindered by the lack of vertebrate models. Here, we describe a zebrafish model in which a common MYH3 missense mutation (R672H) was introduced into the orthologous zebrafish gene smyhc1 (slow myosin heavy chain 1) (R673H). We simultaneously created a smyhc1 null allele (smyhc1−), which allowed us to compare the effects of both mutant alleles on muscle and bone development, and model the closely related disorder, spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome. Heterozygous smyhc1R673H/+ embryos developed notochord kinks that progressed to scoliosis with vertebral fusions; motor deficits accompanied the disorganized and shortened slow‐twitch skeletal muscle myofibers. Increased dosage of the mutant allele in both homozygous smyhc1R673H/R673H and transheterozygous smyhc1R673H/− embryos exacerbated the notochord and muscle abnormalities, causing early lethality. Treatment of smyhc1R673H/R673H embryos with the myosin ATPase inhibitor, para‐aminoblebbistatin, which decreases actin–myosin affinity, normalized the notochord phenotype. Our zebrafish model of MYH3‐associated DA2A provides insight into pathogenic mechanisms and suggests a beneficial therapeutic role for myosin inhibitors in treating disabling contractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Whittle
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lilian Antunes
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mya Harris
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zachary Upshaw
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Diane S Sepich
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aaron N Johnson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mayssa Mokalled
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Christina A Gurnett
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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20
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Dennhag N, Liu JX, Nord H, von Hofsten J, Pedrosa Domellöf F. Absence of Desmin in Myofibers of the Zebrafish Extraocular Muscles. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:1. [PMID: 32953241 PMCID: PMC7476663 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.10.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the medial rectus (MR) muscle of zebrafish (Daniorerio) with respect to the pattern of distribution of desmin and its correlation to distinct types of myofibers and motor endplates. Methods The MRs of zebrafish were examined using confocal microscopy in whole-mount longitudinal specimens and in cross sections processed for immunohistochemistry with antibodies against desmin, myosin heavy chain isoforms, and innervation markers. Desmin patterns were correlated to major myofiber type and type of innervation. A total of 1382 myofibers in nine MR muscles were analyzed. Results Four distinct desmin immunolabeling patterns were found in the zebrafish MRs. Approximately a third of all slow myofibers lacked desmin, representing 8.5% of the total myofiber population. The adult zebrafish MR muscle displayed en grappe, en plaque, and multiterminal en plaque neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) with intricate patterns of desmin immunolabeling. Conclusions The MRs of zebrafish showed important similarities with the human extraocular muscles with regard to the pattern of desmin distribution and presence of the major types of NMJs and can be regarded as an adequate model to further study the role of desmin and the implications of heterogeneity in cytoskeletal protein composition. Translational Relevance The establishment of a zebrafish model to study the cytoskeleton in muscles that are particularly resistant to muscle disease opens new avenues to understand human myopathies and muscle dystrophies and may provide clues to new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Dennhag
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jing-Xia Liu
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hanna Nord
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonas von Hofsten
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fatima Pedrosa Domellöf
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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21
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Chong JX, Talbot JC, Teets EM, Previs S, Martin BL, Shively KM, Marvin CT, Aylsworth AS, Saadeh-Haddad R, Schatz UA, Inzana F, Ben-Omran T, Almusafri F, Al-Mulla M, Buckingham KJ, Harel T, Mor-Shaked H, Radhakrishnan P, Girisha KM, Nayak SS, Shukla A, Dieterich K, Faure J, Rendu J, Capri Y, Latypova X, Nickerson DA, Warshaw DM, Janssen PM, Amacher SL, Bamshad MJ, Bamshad MJ. Mutations in MYLPF Cause a Novel Segmental Amyoplasia that Manifests as Distal Arthrogryposis. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:293-310. [PMID: 32707087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We identified ten persons in six consanguineous families with distal arthrogryposis (DA) who had congenital contractures, scoliosis, and short stature. Exome sequencing revealed that each affected person was homozygous for one of two different rare variants (c.470G>T [p.Cys157Phe] or c.469T>C [p.Cys157Arg]) affecting the same residue of myosin light chain, phosphorylatable, fast skeletal muscle (MYLPF). In a seventh family, a c.487G>A (p.Gly163Ser) variant in MYLPF arose de novo in a father, who transmitted it to his son. In an eighth family comprised of seven individuals with dominantly inherited DA, a c.98C>T (p.Ala33Val) variant segregated in all four persons tested. Variants in MYLPF underlie both dominant and recessively inherited DA. Mylpf protein models suggest that the residues associated with dominant DA interact with myosin whereas the residues altered in families with recessive DA only indirectly impair this interaction. Pathological and histological exam of a foot amputated from an affected child revealed complete absence of skeletal muscle (i.e., segmental amyoplasia). To investigate the mechanism for this finding, we generated an animal model for partial MYLPF impairment by knocking out zebrafish mylpfa. The mylpfa mutant had reduced trunk contractile force and complete pectoral fin paralysis, demonstrating that mylpf impairment most severely affects limb movement. mylpfa mutant muscle weakness was most pronounced in an appendicular muscle and was explained by reduced myosin activity and fiber degeneration. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that partial loss of MYLPF function can lead to congenital contractures, likely as a result of degeneration of skeletal muscle in the distal limb.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael J Bamshad
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Brotman-Baty Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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22
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Hall TE, Martel N, Ariotti N, Xiong Z, Lo HP, Ferguson C, Rae J, Lim YW, Parton RG. In vivo cell biological screening identifies an endocytic capture mechanism for T-tubule formation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3711. [PMID: 32709891 PMCID: PMC7381618 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17486-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle T-tubule is a specialized membrane domain essential for coordinated muscle contraction. However, in the absence of genetically tractable systems the mechanisms involved in T-tubule formation are unknown. Here, we use the optically transparent and genetically tractable zebrafish system to probe T-tubule development in vivo. By combining live imaging of transgenic markers with three-dimensional electron microscopy, we derive a four-dimensional quantitative model for T-tubule formation. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in T-tubule formation in vivo, we develop a quantitative screen for proteins that associate with and modulate early T-tubule formation, including an overexpression screen of the entire zebrafish Rab protein family. We propose an endocytic capture model involving firstly, formation of dynamic endocytic tubules at transient nucleation sites on the sarcolemma, secondly, stabilization by myofibrils/sarcoplasmic reticulum and finally, delivery of membrane from the recycling endosome and Golgi complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Hall
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Nick Martel
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas Ariotti
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Zherui Xiong
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Harriet P Lo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Charles Ferguson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - James Rae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ye-Wheen Lim
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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23
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Hromowyk KJ, Talbot JC, Martin BL, Janssen PML, Amacher SL. Cell fusion is differentially regulated in zebrafish post-embryonic slow and fast muscle. Dev Biol 2020; 462:85-100. [PMID: 32165147 PMCID: PMC7225055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fusion occurs during development, growth, and regeneration. To investigate how muscle fusion compares among different muscle cell types and developmental stages, we studied muscle cell fusion over time in wild-type, myomaker (mymk), and jam2a mutant zebrafish. Using live imaging, we show that embryonic myoblast elongation and fusion correlate tightly with slow muscle cell migration. In wild-type embryos, only fast muscle fibers are multinucleate, consistent with previous work showing that the cell fusion regulator gene mymk is specifically expressed throughout the embryonic fast muscle domain. However, by 3 weeks post-fertilization, slow muscle fibers also become multinucleate. At this late-larval stage, mymk is not expressed in muscle fibers, but is expressed in small cells near muscle fibers. Although previous work showed that both mymk and jam2a are required for embryonic fast muscle cell fusion, we observe that muscle force and function is almost normal in mymk and jam2a mutant embryos, despite the lack of fast muscle multinucleation. We show that genetic requirements change post-embryonically, with jam2a becoming much less important by late-larval stages and mymk now required for muscle fusion and growth in both fast and slow muscle cell types. Correspondingly, adult mymk mutants perform poorly in sprint and endurance tests compared to wild-type and jam2a mutants. We show that adult mymk mutant muscle contains small mononucleate myofibers with average myonuclear domain size equivalent to that in wild type adults. The mymk mutant fibers have decreased Laminin expression and increased numbers of Pax7-positive cells, suggesting that impaired fiber growth and active regeneration contribute to the muscle phenotype. Our findings identify several aspects of muscle fusion that change with time in slow and fast fibers as zebrafish develop beyond embryonic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Hromowyk
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for Muscle Health and Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jared C Talbot
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for Muscle Health and Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Brit L Martin
- Center for Muscle Health and Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Paul M L Janssen
- Center for Muscle Health and Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sharon L Amacher
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for Muscle Health and Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Zempo B, Yamamoto Y, Williams T, Ono F. Synaptic silencing of fast muscle is compensated by rewired innervation of slow muscle. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax8382. [PMID: 32284992 PMCID: PMC7141830 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax8382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
For decades, numerous studies have proposed that fast muscles contribute to quick movement, while slow muscles underlie locomotion requiring endurance. By generating mutant zebrafish whose fast muscles are synaptically silenced, we examined the contribution of fast muscles in both larval and adult zebrafish. In the larval stage, mutants lacked the characteristic startle response to tactile stimuli: bending of the trunk (C-bend) followed by robust forward propulsion. Unexpectedly, adult mutants with silenced fast muscles showed robust C-bends and forward propulsion upon stimulation. Retrograde labeling revealed that motor neurons genetically programmed to form synapses on fast muscles are instead rerouted and innervate slow muscles, which led to partial conversion of slow and intermediate muscles to fast muscles. Thus, extended silencing of fast muscle synapses changed motor neuron innervation and caused muscle cell type conversion, revealing an unexpected mechanism of locomotory adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buntaro Zempo
- Department of Physiology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Physiology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan
| | - Tory Williams
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fumihito Ono
- Department of Physiology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Corresponding author.
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25
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Han E, Ho Oh K, Park S, Chan Rah Y, Park HC, Koun S, Choi J. Analysis of behavioral changes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae caused by aminoglycoside-induced damage to the lateral line and muscles. Neurotoxicology 2020; 78:134-142. [PMID: 32169463 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish behavior is influenced by the lateral line hair cells and muscles. Drug-induced behavioral changes can serve as indicators in the evaluation of drug toxicity. The aminoglycoside family of antibiotics comprise a number of agents, including neomycin (NM) and gentamicin (GM). We hypothesized that NM and GM exert different effects on zebrafish larvae through their action on the lateral line and muscle fibers, inducing different swimming behavioral patterns such as locomotor behavior and the startle response. In this study, 125 μM NM and 5, 10, 20 μM GM induced hair cell damage in the anterior and posterior lateral lines of zebrafish larvae. However, unlike GM, 125 μM NM also caused muscle damage. Locomotor behavior was decreased in the 125 μM NM-exposed group compared to the group exposed to GM. Furthermore, 125 μM NM exposure induced significantly different patterns of various indices of startle behavior compared with the GM exposure groups. Additionally, the larvae exhibited different startle responses depending on the concentration of GM. These results suggest that GM may be the drug-of-choice for analyzing behavioral changes in zebrafish caused by damage to the lateral line alone. Our study highlights the importance of confirming muscle damage in behavioral analyses using zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ho Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Korea University Zebrafish Translational Medical Research Center, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Saemi Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Chan Rah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Chul Park
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Korea University Zebrafish Translational Medical Research Center, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonil Koun
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea; Korea University Zebrafish Translational Medical Research Center, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
| | - June Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Korea University Zebrafish Translational Medical Research Center, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Li S, Wen H, Du S. Defective sarcomere organization and reduced larval locomotion and fish survival in slow muscle heavy chain 1 (smyhc1) mutants. FASEB J 2020; 34:1378-1397. [PMID: 31914689 PMCID: PMC6956737 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900935rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish skeletal muscles are broadly divided into slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscle fibers. The slow fibers, which express a slow fiber-specific myosin heavy chain 1 (Smyhc1), are the first group of muscle fibers formed during myogenesis. To uncover Smyhc1 function in muscle growth, we generated three mutant alleles with reading frame shift mutations in the zebrafish smyhc1 gene using CRISPR. The mutants showed shortened sarcomeres with no thick filaments and M-lines in slow fibers of the mutant embryos. However, the formation of slow muscle precursors and expression of other slow muscle genes were not affected and fast muscles appeared normal. The smyhc1 mutant embryos and larvae showed reduced locomotion and food intake. The mutant larvae exhibited increased lethality of incomplete penetrance. Approximately 2/5 of the homozygous mutants were viable and grew into reproductive adults. These adult mutants displayed a typical pattern of slow and fast muscle fiber distribution, and regained normal slow muscle formation. Together, our studies indicate that Smyhc1 is essential for myogenesis in embryonic slow muscles, and loss of Smyhc1 results in defective sarcomere assembly, reduces larval motility and fish survival, but has no visible impact on muscle growth in juvenile and adult zebrafish that escape the larval lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siping Li
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fishery College of Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Haishen Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fishery College of Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shaojun Du
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
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27
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Aksoy YA, Nguyen DT, Chow S, Chung RS, Guillemin GJ, Cole NJ, Hesselson D. Chemical reprogramming enhances homology-directed genome editing in zebrafish embryos. Commun Biol 2019; 2:198. [PMID: 31149642 PMCID: PMC6533270 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise genome editing is limited by the inefficiency of homology-directed repair (HDR) compared to the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) of double strand breaks (DSBs). The CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)/Cas9 system generates precise, locus-specific DSBs that can serve as substrates for HDR. We developed an in vivo visual reporter assay to quantify HDR-mediated events at single-cell resolution in zebrafish and used this system to identify small-molecule modulators that shift the DNA repair equilibrium in favor of HDR. By further optimizing the reaction environment and repair template, we achieved dramatic enhancement of HDR-mediated repair efficiency in zebrafish. Accordingly, under optimized conditions, inhibition of NHEJ with NU7441 enhanced HDR-mediated repair up to 13.4-fold. Importantly, we demonstrate that the increase in somatic HDR events correlates directly with germline transmission, permitting the efficient recovery of large seamlessly integrated DNA fragments in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagiz A. Aksoy
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - David T. Nguyen
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Sharron Chow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Roger S. Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Cole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Daniel Hesselson
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
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28
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Ratnayake D, Currie PD. Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting of Larval Zebrafish Muscle Stem/Progenitor Cells Following Skeletal Muscle Injury. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1889:245-254. [PMID: 30367418 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8897-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This chapter describes a protocol for the isolation of larval zebrafish muscle stem/progenitor cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). This method has been successfully applied to isolate pax3a expressing cells 3 days following needle stab skeletal muscle injury. The cell sorting strategy described here can easily be adapted to any cell type at embryonic or larval stages. RNA extracted from the sorted cells can be used for subsequent downstream applications such as quantitative PCR (qPCR), microarrays, or next generation sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanushika Ratnayake
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia Melbourne Node, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Peter D Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia Melbourne Node, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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29
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Garcia de la serrana D, Wreggelsworth K, Johnston IA. Duplication of a Single myhz1.1 Gene Facilitated the Ability of Goldfish ( Carassius auratus) to Alter Fast Muscle Contractile Properties With Seasonal Temperature Change. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1724. [PMID: 30568597 PMCID: PMC6290348 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal temperature changes markedly effect the swimming performance of some cyprinid fish acutely tested at different temperatures, involving a restructuring of skeletal muscle phenotype including changes in contractile properties and myosin heavy chain expression. We analyzed the transcriptome of fast myotomal muscle from goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) acclimated to either 8 or 25°C for 4 weeks (12 h light: 12 h dark) and identified 10 myosin heavy chains (myh) and 13 myosin light chain (myl) transcripts. Goldfish orthologs were classified based on zebrafish nomenclature as myhz1.1α, myhz1.1β, myhz1.1γ, myha, myhb, embryo_myh1, myh9b, smyh2, symh3, and myh11 (myosin heavy chains) and myl1a, myl1b, myl2, myl9a, myl9b, myl3, myl13, myl6, myl12.1a, myl12.1b, myl12.2a, myl12.2b, and myl10 (myosin light chains). The most abundantly expressed transcripts myhz1.1α, myhz1.1β, myhz1.1γ, myha, myl1a, myl1b, myl2, and myl3) were further investigated in fast skeletal muscle of goldfish acclimated to either 4, 8, 15, or 30°C for 12 weeks (12 h light:12 h dark). Total copy number for the myosin heavy chains showed a distinct optimum at 15°C (P < 0.01). Together myhz1.1α and myhz1.1β comprised 90 to 97% of myhc transcripts below 15°C, but only 62% at 30°C. Whereas myhz1.1α and myhz1.1β were equally abundant at 4 and 8°C, myhz1.1β transcripts were 17 and 12 times higher than myhz1.1α at 15 and 30°C, respectively, (P < 0.01). Myhz1.1γ expression was at least nine-fold higher at 30°C than at cooler temperatures (P < 0.01). In contrast, the expression of myha and myosin light chains showed no consistent pattern with acclimation temperature. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the previously reported ability of goldfish and common carp to alter contractile properties and myofibrillar ATPase activity with temperature acclimation was related to the duplication of a single myhz1.1 fast muscle myosin heavy chain found in basal cyprinids such as the zebrafish (Danio rerio).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Garcia de la serrana
- School of Biology, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
- Serra Húnter Fellow, Cell Biology Physiology and Immunology Department, School of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kristin Wreggelsworth
- School of Biology, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Ian A. Johnston
- School of Biology, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
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30
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Yin J, Lee R, Ono Y, Ingham PW, Saunders TE. Spatiotemporal Coordination of FGF and Shh Signaling Underlies the Specification of Myoblasts in the Zebrafish Embryo. Dev Cell 2018; 46:735-750.e4. [PMID: 30253169 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Somitic cells give rise to a variety of cell types in response to Hh, BMP, and FGF signaling. Cell position within the developing zebrafish somite is highly dynamic: how, when, and where these signals specify cell fate is largely unknown. Combining four-dimensional imaging with pathway perturbations, we characterize the spatiotemporal specification and localization of somitic cells. Muscle formation is guided by highly orchestrated waves of cell specification. We find that FGF directly and indirectly controls the differentiation of fast and slow-twitch muscle lineages, respectively. FGF signaling imposes tight temporal control on Shh induction of slow muscles by regulating the time at which fast-twitch progenitors displace slow-twitch progenitors from contacting the Shh-secreting notochord. Further, we find a reciprocal regulation of fast and slow muscle differentiation, morphogenesis, and migration. In conclusion, robust cell fate determination in the developing somite requires precise spatiotemporal coordination between distinct cell lineages and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Yin
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yosuke Ono
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Philip W Ingham
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore; Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Timothy E Saunders
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore; Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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31
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Lawrence EA, Kague E, Aggleton JA, Harniman RL, Roddy KA, Hammond CL. The mechanical impact of col11a2 loss on joints; col11a2 mutant zebrafish show changes to joint development and function, which leads to early-onset osteoarthritis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2017.0335. [PMID: 30249781 PMCID: PMC6158203 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is the major structural component of cartilage, and mutations in the genes encoding type XI collagen are associated with severe skeletal dysplasias (fibrochondrogenesis and Stickler syndrome) and early-onset osteoarthritis (OA). The impact of the lack of type XI collagen on cell behaviour and mechanical performance during skeleton development is unknown. We studied a zebrafish mutant for col11a2 and evaluated cartilage, bone development and mechanical properties to address this. We show that in col11a2 mutants, type II collagen is made but is prematurely degraded in maturing cartilage and ectopically expressed in the joint. These changes are correlated with increased stiffness of both bone and cartilage; quantified using atomic force microscopy. In the mutants, the skeletal rudiment terminal region in the jaw joint is broader and the interzone smaller. These differences in shape and material properties impact on joint function and mechanical performance, which we modelled using finite element analyses. Finally, we show that col11a2 heterozygous carriers reach adulthood but show signs of severe early-onset OA. Taken together, our data demonstrate a key role for type XI collagen in maintaining the properties of cartilage matrix; which when lost leads to alterations to cell behaviour that give rise to joint pathologies.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Mechanics of development'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Lawrence
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Jessye A Aggleton
- School of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UU, UK
| | | | - Karen A Roddy
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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CBP and P300 regulate distinct gene networks required for human primary myoblast differentiation and muscle integrity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12629. [PMID: 30135524 PMCID: PMC6105712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The acetyltransferases CBP and P300 have been implicated in myogenesis in mouse immortalized cell lines but these studies focused only on the expression of a handful of myogenic factors. Hence, the respective role of these two related cofactors and their impact at global scale on gene expression rewiring during primary myoblast differentiation remain unknown. Here, we characterised the gene networks regulated by these two epigenetic enzymes during human primary myoblast differentiation (HPM). We found that CBP and p300 play a critical role in the activation of the myogenic program and mostly regulate distinct gene sets to control several aspects of HPM biology, even though they also exhibit some degree of redundancy. Moreover, CBP or P300 knockdown strongly impaired muscle cell adhesion and resulted in the activation of inflammation markers, two hallmarks of dystrophic disease. This was further validated in zebrafish where inhibition of CBP and P300 enzymatic activities led to cell adhesion defects and muscle fiber detachment. Our data highlight an unforeseen link between CBP/P300 activity and the emergence of dystrophic phenotypes. They thereby identify CBP and P300 as mediators of adult muscle integrity and suggest a new lead for intervention in muscular dystrophy.
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Kinoshita S, Ceyhun SB, Md A, Siddique BS, Akolkar DB, Asakawa S, Watabe S. Promoter analysis of the fish gene of slow/cardiac-type myosin heavy chain implicated in specification of muscle fiber types. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:679-691. [PMID: 29349631 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate skeletal muscles consist of heterogeneous tissues containing various types of muscle fibers, where specification of the fiber type is crucial for muscle development. Fish are an attractive experimental model to study the mechanisms of such fiber type specification because of the separated localization of slow and fast muscles in the trunk myotome. We examined regulation of expression of the torafugu gene of slow/cardiac-type myosin heavy chain, MYH M5 , and isolated an operational promoter in order to force its tissue-specific expression across different fish species via the transgenic approach in zebrafish and medaka. This promoter activity was observed in adaxial cell-derived superficial slow muscle fibers under the control of a hedgehog signal. We also uncovered coordinated expression of MYH M5 and Sox6b, which is an important transcriptional repressor for specification of muscle fiber types and participates in hedgehog signaling. Sequence comparison in the 5'-flanking region identified three conserved regions, CSR1-CSR3, between torafugu MYH M5 and its zebrafish ortholog. Analysis of deletion mutants showed that CSR1 significantly stimulates gene expression in slow muscle fibers. In contrast, deletion of CSR3 resulted in ectopic expression of a reporter gene in fast muscle fibers. CSR3 was found to contain a putative Sox family protein-binding site. These results indicate that the dual mechanism causing inhibition in fast muscle fibers and activation in slow muscle fibers is essential for slow muscle fiber-specific gene expression in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeharu Kinoshita
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | | | - Asaduzzamann Md
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Bhuiyan Sharmin Siddique
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Dadasaheb B Akolkar
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shuichi Asakawa
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shugo Watabe
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
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Bonnet A, Lambert G, Ernest S, Dutrieux FX, Coulpier F, Lemoine S, Lobbardi R, Rosa FM. Quaking RNA-Binding Proteins Control Early Myofibril Formation by Modulating Tropomyosin. Dev Cell 2017; 42:527-541.e4. [PMID: 28867488 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle contraction is mediated by myofibrils, complex multi-molecular scaffolds structured into repeated units, the sarcomeres. Myofibril structure and function have been extensively studied, but the molecular processes regulating its formation within the differentiating muscle cell remain largely unknown. Here we show in zebrafish that genetic interference with the Quaking RNA-binding proteins disrupts the initial steps of myofibril assembly without affecting early muscle differentiation. Using RNA sequencing, we demonstrate that Quaking is required for accumulation of the muscle-specific tropomyosin-3 transcript, tpm3.12. Further functional analyses reveal that Tpm3.12 mediates Quaking control of myofibril formation. Moreover, we identified a Quaking-binding site in the 3' UTR of tpm3.12 transcript, which is required in vivo for tpm3.12 accumulation and myofibril formation. Our work uncovers a Quaking/Tpm3 pathway controlling de novo myofibril assembly. This unexpected developmental role for Tpm3 could be at the origin of muscle defects observed in human congenital myopathies associated with tpm3 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Bonnet
- IBENS, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75005 Paris, France; INSERM U1024, 75005 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8197, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Guillaume Lambert
- IBENS, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75005 Paris, France; INSERM U1024, 75005 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8197, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Ernest
- IBENS, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75005 Paris, France; INSERM U1024, 75005 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8197, 75005 Paris, France
| | - François Xavier Dutrieux
- IBENS, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75005 Paris, France; INSERM U1024, 75005 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8197, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fanny Coulpier
- INSERM U1024, 75005 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8197, 75005 Paris, France; IBENS, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Plateforme Génomique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Lemoine
- INSERM U1024, 75005 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8197, 75005 Paris, France; IBENS, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Plateforme Génomique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Riadh Lobbardi
- IBENS, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75005 Paris, France; INSERM U1024, 75005 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8197, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Marc Rosa
- IBENS, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75005 Paris, France; INSERM U1024, 75005 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8197, 75005 Paris, France.
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Ahmed MU, Maurya AK, Cheng L, Jorge EC, Schubert FR, Maire P, Basson MA, Ingham PW, Dietrich S. Engrailed controls epaxial-hypaxial muscle innervation and the establishment of vertebrate three-dimensional mobility. Dev Biol 2017; 430:90-104. [PMID: 28807781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chordates are characterised by contractile muscle on either side of the body that promotes movement by side-to-side undulation. In the lineage leading to modern jawed vertebrates (crown group gnathostomes), this system was refined: body muscle became segregated into distinct dorsal (epaxial) and ventral (hypaxial) components that are separately innervated by the medial and hypaxial motors column, respectively, via the dorsal and ventral ramus of the spinal nerves. This allows full three-dimensional mobility, which in turn was a key factor in their evolutionary success. How the new gnathostome system is established during embryogenesis and how it may have evolved in the ancestors of modern vertebrates is not known. Vertebrate Engrailed genes have a peculiar expression pattern as they temporarily demarcate a central domain of the developing musculature at the epaxial-hypaxial boundary. Moreover, they are the only genes known with this particular expression pattern. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Engrailed genes control epaxial-hypaxial muscle development and innervation. Investigating chick, mouse and zebrafish as major gnathostome model organisms, we found that the Engrailed expression domain was associated with the establishment of the epaxial-hypaxial boundary of muscle in all three species. Moreover, the outgrowing epaxial and hypaxial nerves orientated themselves with respect to this Engrailed domain. In the chicken, loss and gain of Engrailed function changed epaxial-hypaxial somite patterning. Importantly, in all animals studied, loss and gain of Engrailed function severely disrupted the pathfinding of the spinal motor axons, suggesting that Engrailed plays an evolutionarily conserved role in the separate innervation of vertebrate epaxial-hypaxial muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohi U Ahmed
- King's College London, Dept. of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Floor 27, Guy's Hospital Tower Wing, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ashish K Maurya
- Institute of Molecular&Cell Biology, Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Louise Cheng
- King's College London, Dept. of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Floor 27, Guy's Hospital Tower Wing, London SE1 9RT, UK; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Erika C Jorge
- King's College London, Dept. of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Floor 27, Guy's Hospital Tower Wing, London SE1 9RT, UK; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - Departamento de Morfologia, Av Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Frank R Schubert
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK
| | - Pascal Maire
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U567, CNRS UMR 8104, Univ. Paris Descartes, Département Génétique et Développement, Equipegénétique et développement du systèmeneuromusculaire, 24 Rue du Fg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - M Albert Basson
- King's College London, Dept. of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Floor 27, Guy's Hospital Tower Wing, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Philip W Ingham
- Institute of Molecular&Cell Biology, Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore; Dept. of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Susanne Dietrich
- King's College London, Dept. of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Floor 27, Guy's Hospital Tower Wing, London SE1 9RT, UK; Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK.
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Li P, Wang B, Cao D, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Wang X. Characterization and functional analysis of the Paralichthys olivaceus prdm1 gene promoter. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 212:32-40. [PMID: 28669662 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PR domain containing protein 1 (Prdm1) is a transcriptional repressor identified in various species and plays multiple important roles in immune response and embryonic development. However, little is known about the transcriptional regulation of the prdm1 gene. This study aims to characterize the promoter of Paralichthys olivaceus prdm1 (Po-prdm1) gene and determine the regulatory mechanism of Po-prdm1 expression. A 2000bp-long 5'-flanking region (translation initiation site designated as +1) of the Po-prdm1 gene was isolated and characterized. The regulatory elements in this fragment were then investigated and many putative transcription factor (TF) binding sites involved in immunity and multiple tissue development were identified. A 5'-deletion analysis was then conducted, and the ability of the deletion mutants to promote luciferase and green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in a flounder gill cell line was examined. The results revealed that the minimal promoter is located in the region between -446 and -13bp, and the region between -1415 and -13bp enhanced the promoter activity. Site-directed mutation analysis was subsequently performed on the putative regulatory elements sites, and the results indicated that FOXP1, MSX and BCL6 binding sites play negative functional roles in the regulation of the Po-prdm1 expression in FG cells. In vivo analysis demonstrated that a GFP reporter gene containing 1.4kb-long promoter fragment (-1415/-13) was expressed in the head and trunk muscle fibres of transient transgenic zebrafish embryos. Our study provided the basic information for the exploration of Po-prdm1 regulation and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Dandan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuezhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xubo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China.
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Minchin JEN, Rawls JF. A classification system for zebrafish adipose tissues. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:797-809. [PMID: 28348140 PMCID: PMC5482999 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.025759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish model system offers significant utility for in vivo imaging of adipose tissue (AT) dynamics and for screening to identify chemical and genetic modifiers of adiposity. In particular, AT can be quantified accurately in live zebrafish using fluorescent lipophilic dyes. Although this methodology offers considerable promise, the comprehensive identification and classification of zebrafish ATs has not been performed. Here, we use fluorescent lipophilic dyes and in vivo imaging systematically to identify, classify and quantify the zebrafish AT pool. We identify 34 regionally distinct zebrafish ATs, including five visceral ATs and 22 subcutaneous ATs. For each of these ATs, we describe detailed morphological characteristics to aid their identification in future studies. Furthermore, we quantify the areas for each AT and construct regression models to allow prediction of expected AT size and variation across a range of developmental stages. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of this resource for identifying effects of strain variation and high-fat diet on AT growth. Altogether, this resource provides foundational information on the identity, dynamics and expected quantities of zebrafish ATs for use as a reference for future studies. Summary: A standardized nomenclature and classification system for zebrafish adipose tissues and regression models to predict expected adipose size during the course of zebrafish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E N Minchin
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA .,Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - John F Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Berberoglu MA, Gallagher TL, Morrow ZT, Talbot JC, Hromowyk KJ, Tenente IM, Langenau DM, Amacher SL. Satellite-like cells contribute to pax7-dependent skeletal muscle repair in adult zebrafish. Dev Biol 2017; 424:162-180. [PMID: 28279710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Satellite cells, also known as muscle stem cells, are responsible for skeletal muscle growth and repair in mammals. Pax7 and Pax3 transcription factors are established satellite cell markers required for muscle development and regeneration, and there is great interest in identifying additional factors that regulate satellite cell proliferation, differentiation, and/or skeletal muscle regeneration. Due to the powerful regenerative capacity of many zebrafish tissues, even in adults, we are exploring the regenerative potential of adult zebrafish skeletal muscle. Here, we show that adult zebrafish skeletal muscle contains cells similar to mammalian satellite cells. Adult zebrafish satellite-like cells have dense heterochromatin, express Pax7 and Pax3, proliferate in response to injury, and show peak myogenic responses 4-5 days post-injury (dpi). Furthermore, using a pax7a-driven GFP reporter, we present evidence implicating satellite-like cells as a possible source of new muscle. In lieu of central nucleation, which distinguishes regenerating myofibers in mammals, we describe several characteristics that robustly identify newly-forming myofibers from surrounding fibers in injured adult zebrafish muscle. These characteristics include partially overlapping expression in satellite-like cells and regenerating myofibers of two RNA-binding proteins Rbfox2 and Rbfoxl1, known to regulate embryonic muscle development and function. Finally, by analyzing pax7a; pax7b double mutant zebrafish, we show that Pax7 is required for adult skeletal muscle repair, as it is in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Berberoglu
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Muscle Health and Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Thomas L Gallagher
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Muscle Health and Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zachary T Morrow
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Muscle Health and Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jared C Talbot
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Muscle Health and Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kimberly J Hromowyk
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Muscle Health and Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Inês M Tenente
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Molecular Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - David M Langenau
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Molecular Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sharon L Amacher
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Muscle Health and Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Sørhus E, Incardona JP, Furmanek T, Goetz GW, Scholz NL, Meier S, Edvardsen RB, Jentoft S. Novel adverse outcome pathways revealed by chemical genetics in a developing marine fish. eLife 2017; 6:e20707. [PMID: 28117666 PMCID: PMC5302885 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Crude oil spills are a worldwide ocean conservation threat. Fish are particularly vulnerable to the oiling of spawning habitats, and crude oil causes severe abnormalities in embryos and larvae. However, the underlying mechanisms for these developmental defects are not well understood. Here, we explore the transcriptional basis for four discrete crude oil injury phenotypes in the early life stages of the commercially important Atlantic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). These include defects in (1) cardiac form and function, (2) craniofacial development, (3) ionoregulation and fluid balance, and (4) cholesterol synthesis and homeostasis. Our findings suggest a key role for intracellular calcium cycling and excitation-transcription coupling in the dysregulation of heart and jaw morphogenesis. Moreover, the disruption of ionoregulatory pathways sheds new light on buoyancy control in marine fish embryos. Overall, our chemical-genetic approach identifies initiating events for distinct adverse outcome pathways and novel roles for individual genes in fundamental developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Sørhus
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - John P Incardona
- Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, United States
| | | | - Giles W Goetz
- Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, United States
| | - Nathaniel L Scholz
- Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, United States
| | | | | | - Sissel Jentoft
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
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Abstract
Understanding muscle stem cell behaviors can potentially provide insights into how these cells act and respond during normal growth and diseased contexts. The zebrafish is an ideal model organism to examine these behaviors in vivo where it would normally be technically challenging in other mammalian models. This chapter will describe the procedures required to successfully conduct live imaging of zebrafish transgenics that has specifically been adapted for skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong D Nguyen
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, 15 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Peter D Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, 15 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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41
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Brunt LH, Roddy KA, Rayfield EJ, Hammond CL. Building Finite Element Models to Investigate Zebrafish Jaw Biomechanics. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 28060270 PMCID: PMC5226340 DOI: 10.3791/54811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal morphogenesis occurs through tightly regulated cell behaviors during development; many cell types alter their behavior in response to mechanical strain. Skeletal joints are subjected to dynamic mechanical loading. Finite element analysis (FEA) is a computational method, frequently used in engineering that can predict how a material or structure will respond to mechanical input. By dividing a whole system (in this case the zebrafish jaw skeleton) into a mesh of smaller 'finite elements', FEA can be used to calculate the mechanical response of the structure to external loads. The results can be visualized in many ways including as a 'heat map' showing the position of maximum and minimum principal strains (a positive principal strain indicates tension while a negative indicates compression. The maximum and minimum refer the largest and smallest strain). These can be used to identify which regions of the jaw and therefore which cells are likely to be under particularly high tensional or compressional loads during jaw movement and can therefore be used to identify relationships between mechanical strain and cell behavior. This protocol describes the steps to generate Finite Element models from confocal image data on the musculoskeletal system, using the zebrafish lower jaw as a practical example. The protocol leads the reader through a series of steps: 1) staining of the musculoskeletal components, 2) imaging the musculoskeletal components, 3) building a 3 dimensional (3D) surface, 4) generating a mesh of Finite Elements, 5) solving the FEA and finally 6) validating the results by comparison to real displacements seen in movements of the fish jaw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy H Brunt
- Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol
| | - Karen A Roddy
- Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol
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A Zebrafish Model for a Human Myopathy Associated with Mutation of the Unconventional Myosin MYO18B. Genetics 2016; 205:725-735. [PMID: 27879346 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.192864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin 18B is an unconventional myosin that has been implicated in tumor progression in humans. In addition, loss-of-function mutations of the MYO18B gene have recently been identified in several patients exhibiting symptoms of nemaline myopathy. In mouse, mutation of Myo18B results in early developmental arrest associated with cardiomyopathy, precluding analysis of its effects on skeletal muscle development. The zebrafish, frozen (fro) mutant was identified as one of a group of immotile mutants in the 1996 Tübingen genetic screen. Mutant embryos display a loss of birefringency in their skeletal muscle, indicative of disrupted sarcomeric organization. Using meiotic mapping, we localized the fro locus to the previously unannotated zebrafish myo18b gene, the product of which shares close to 50% identity with its human ortholog. Transcription of myo18b is restricted to fast-twitch myocytes in the zebrafish embryo; consistent with this, fro mutant embryos exhibit defects specifically in their fast-twitch skeletal muscles. We show that sarcomeric assembly is blocked at an early stage in fro mutants, leading to the disorganized accumulation of actin, myosin, and α-actinin and a complete loss of myofibrillar organization in fast-twitch muscles.
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Lee RTH, Ng ASM, Ingham PW. Ribozyme Mediated gRNA Generation for In Vitro and In Vivo CRISPR/Cas9 Mutagenesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166020. [PMID: 27832146 PMCID: PMC5104441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 is now regularly used for targeted mutagenesis in a wide variety of systems. Here we report the use of ribozymes for the generation of gRNAs both in vitro and in zebrafish embryos. We show that incorporation of ribozymes increases the types of promoters and number of target sites available for mutagenesis without compromising mutagenesis efficiency. We have tested this by comparing the efficiency of mutagenesis of gRNA constructs with and without ribozymes and also generated a transgenic zebrafish expressing gRNA using a heat shock promoter (RNA polymerase II-dependent promoter) that was able to induce mutagenesis of its target. Our method provides a streamlined approach to test gRNA efficiency as well as increasing the versatility of conditional gene knock out in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Teck Ho Lee
- Developmental and Biomedical Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell biology, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A-STAR), Singapore
| | - Ashley Shu Mei Ng
- Developmental and Biomedical Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell biology, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A-STAR), Singapore
| | - Philip W. Ingham
- Developmental and Biomedical Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell biology, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A-STAR), Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Differential effects of altered patterns of movement and strain on joint cell behaviour and skeletal morphogenesis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1940-1950. [PMID: 27374878 PMCID: PMC5081689 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is increasing evidence that joint shape is a potent predictor of osteoarthritis (OA) risk; yet the cellular events underpinning joint morphogenesis remain unclear. We sought to develop a genetically tractable animal model to study the events controlling joint morphogenesis. DESIGN Zebrafish larvae were subjected to periods of flaccid paralysis, rigid paralysis or hyperactivity. Immunohistochemistry and transgenic reporters were used to monitor changes to muscle and cartilage. Finite Element Models were generated to investigate the mechanical conditions of rigid paralysis. Principal component analysis was used to test variations in skeletal morphology and metrics for shape, orientation and size were applied to describe cell behaviour. RESULTS We show that flaccid and rigid paralysis and hypermobility affect cartilage element and joint shape. We describe differences between flaccid and rigid paralysis in regions showing high principal strain upon muscle contraction. We identify that altered shape and high strain occur in regions of cell differentiation and we show statistically significant changes to cell maturity occur in these regions in paralysed and hypermobile zebrafish. CONCLUSION While flaccid and rigid paralysis and hypermobility affect skeletal morphogenesis they do so in subtly different ways. We show that some cartilage regions are unaffected in conditions such as rigid paralysis where static force is applied, whereas joint morphogenesis is perturbed by both flaccid and rigid paralysis; suggesting that joints require dynamic movement for accurate morphogenesis. A better understanding of how biomechanics impacts skeletal cell behaviour will improve our understanding of how foetal mechanics shape the developing joint.
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Slow Muscle Precursors Lay Down a Collagen XV Matrix Fingerprint to Guide Motor Axon Navigation. J Neurosci 2016; 36:2663-76. [PMID: 26937007 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2847-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides local positional information to guide motoneuron axons toward their muscle target. Collagen XV is a basement membrane component mainly expressed in skeletal muscle. We have identified two zebrafish paralogs of the human COL15A1 gene, col15a1a and col15a1b, which display distinct expression patterns. Here we show that col15a1b is expressed and deposited in the motor path ECM by slow muscle precursors also called adaxial cells. We further demonstrate that collagen XV-B deposition is both temporally and spatially regulated before motor axon extension from the spinal cord in such a way that it remains in this region after the adaxial cells have migrated toward the periphery of the myotome. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments in zebrafish embryos demonstrate that col15a1b expression and subsequent collagen XV-B deposition and organization in the motor path ECM depend on a previously undescribed two-step mechanism involving Hedgehog/Gli and unplugged/MuSK signaling pathways. In silico analysis predicts a putative Gli binding site in the col15a1b proximal promoter. Using col15a1b promoter-reporter constructs, we demonstrate that col15a1b participates in the slow muscle genetic program as a direct target of Hedgehog/Gli signaling. Loss and gain of col15a1b function provoke pathfinding errors in primary and secondary motoneuron axons both at and beyond the choice point where axon pathway selection takes place. These defects result in muscle atrophy and compromised swimming behavior, a phenotype partially rescued by injection of a smyhc1:col15a1b construct. These reveal an unexpected and novel role for collagen XV in motor axon pathfinding and neuromuscular development. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In addition to the archetypal axon guidance cues, the extracellular matrix provides local information that guides motor axons from the spinal cord to their muscle targets. Many of the proteins involved are unknown. Using the zebrafish model, we identified an unexpected role of the extracellular matrix collagen XV in motor axon pathfinding. We show that the synthesis of collagen XV-B by slow muscle precursors and its deposition in the common motor path are dependent on a novel two-step mechanism that determines axon decisions at a choice point during motor axonogenesis. Zebrafish and humans use common molecular cues and regulatory mechanisms for the neuromuscular system development. And as such, our study reveals COL15A1 as a candidate gene for orphan neuromuscular disorders.
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46
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Gurevich DB, Nguyen PD, Siegel AL, Ehrlich OV, Sonntag C, Phan JMN, Berger S, Ratnayake D, Hersey L, Berger J, Verkade H, Hall TE, Currie PD. Asymmetric division of clonal muscle stem cells coordinates muscle regeneration in vivo. Science 2016; 353:aad9969. [PMID: 27198673 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad9969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is an example of a tissue that deploys a self-renewing stem cell, the satellite cell, to effect regeneration. Recent in vitro studies have highlighted a role for asymmetric divisions in renewing rare "immortal" stem cells and generating a clonal population of differentiation-competent myoblasts. However, this model currently lacks in vivo validation. We define a zebrafish muscle stem cell population analogous to the mammalian satellite cell and image the entire process of muscle regeneration from injury to fiber replacement in vivo. This analysis reveals complex interactions between satellite cells and both injured and uninjured fibers and provides in vivo evidence for the asymmetric division of satellite cells driving both self-renewal and regeneration via a clonally restricted progenitor pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Gurevich
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Phong Dang Nguyen
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ashley L Siegel
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ophelia V Ehrlich
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Carmen Sonntag
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jennifer M N Phan
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Silke Berger
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Dhanushika Ratnayake
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Lucy Hersey
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Joachim Berger
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Heather Verkade
- School of Biological Sciences, Building 18, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Thomas E Hall
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Peter D Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Level 1, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia. European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia Melbourne Node, Level 1, Building 75, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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47
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Pipalia TG, Koth J, Roy SD, Hammond CL, Kawakami K, Hughes SM. Cellular dynamics of regeneration reveals role of two distinct Pax7 stem cell populations in larval zebrafish muscle repair. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:671-84. [PMID: 27149989 PMCID: PMC4920144 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.022251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity of stem cells or their niches is likely to influence tissue regeneration. Here we reveal stem/precursor cell diversity during wound repair in larval zebrafish somitic body muscle using time-lapse 3D confocal microscopy on reporter lines. Skeletal muscle with incision wounds rapidly regenerates both slow and fast muscle fibre types. A swift immune response is followed by an increase in cells at the wound site, many of which express the muscle stem cell marker Pax7. Pax7(+) cells proliferate and then undergo terminal differentiation involving Myogenin accumulation and subsequent loss of Pax7 followed by elongation and fusion to repair fast muscle fibres. Analysis of pax7a and pax7b transgenic reporter fish reveals that cells expressing each of the duplicated pax7 genes are distinctly localised in uninjured larvae. Cells marked by pax7a only or by both pax7a and pax7b enter the wound rapidly and contribute to muscle wound repair, but each behaves differently. Low numbers of pax7a-only cells form nascent fibres. Time-lapse microscopy revealed that the more numerous pax7b-marked cells frequently fuse to pre-existing fibres, contributing more strongly than pax7a-only cells to repair of damaged fibres. pax7b-marked cells are more often present in rows of aligned cells that are observed to fuse into a single fibre, but more rarely contribute to nascent regenerated fibres. Ablation of a substantial portion of nitroreductase-expressing pax7b cells with metronidazole prior to wounding triggered rapid pax7a-only cell accumulation, but this neither inhibited nor augmented pax7a-only cell-derived myogenesis and thus altered the cellular repair dynamics during wound healing. Moreover, pax7a-only cells did not regenerate pax7b cells, suggesting a lineage distinction. We propose a modified founder cell and fusion-competent cell model in which pax7a-only cells initiate fibre formation and pax7b cells contribute to fibre growth. This newly discovered cellular complexity in muscle wound repair raises the possibility that distinct populations of myogenic cells contribute differentially to repair in other vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan G Pipalia
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jana Koth
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Shukolpa D Roy
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Christina L Hammond
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, and Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Simon M Hughes
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Bragato C, Gaudenzi G, Blasevich F, Pavesi G, Maggi L, Giunta M, Cotelli F, Mora M. Zebrafish as a Model to Investigate Dynamin 2-Related Diseases. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20466. [PMID: 26842864 PMCID: PMC4740890 DOI: 10.1038/srep20466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the dynamin-2 gene (DNM2) cause autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy (CNM) and dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathy type B (CMTDIB). As the relation between these DNM2-related diseases is poorly understood, we used zebrafish to investigate the effects of two different DNM2 mutations. First we identified a new alternatively spliced zebrafish dynamin-2a mRNA (dnm2a-v2) with greater similarity to human DNM2 than the deposited sequence. Then we knocked-down the zebrafish dnm2a, producing defects in muscle morphology. Finally, we expressed two mutated DNM2 mRNA by injecting zebrafish embryos with human mRNAs carrying the R522H mutation, causing CNM, or the G537C mutation, causing CMT. Defects arose especially in secondary motor neuron formation, with incorrect branching in embryos injected with CNM-mutated mRNA, and total absence of branching in those injected with CMT-mutated mRNA. Muscle morphology in embryos injected with CMT-mutated mRNA appeared less regularly organized than in those injected with CNM-mutated mRNA. Our results showing, a continuum between CNM and CMTDIB phenotypes in zebrafish, similarly to the human conditions, confirm this animal model to be a powerful tool to investigate mutations of DNM2 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Bragato
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Germano Gaudenzi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavia Blasevich
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Pavesi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maggi
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Giunta
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Franco Cotelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Mora
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milano, Italy
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49
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Gonsar N, Coughlin A, Clay-Wright JA, Borg BR, Kindt LM, Liang JO. Temporal and spatial requirements for Nodal-induced anterior mesendoderm and mesoderm in anterior neurulation. Genesis 2016; 54:3-18. [PMID: 26528772 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish with defective Nodal signaling have a phenotype analogous to the fatal human birth defect anencephaly, which is caused by an open anterior neural tube. Previous work in our laboratory found that anterior open neural tube phenotypes in Nodal signaling mutants were caused by lack of mesendodermal/mesodermal tissues. Defects in these mutants are already apparent at neural plate stage, before the neuroepithelium starts to fold into a tube. Consistent with this, we found that the requirement for Nodal signaling maps to mid-late blastula stages. This timing correlates with the timing of prechordal plate mesendoderm and anterior mesoderm induction, suggesting these tissues act to promote neurulation. To further identify tissues important for neurulation, we took advantage of the variable phenotypes in Nodal signaling-deficient sqt mutant and Lefty1-overexpressing embryos. Statistical analysis indicated a strong, positive correlation between a closed neural tube and presence of several mesendoderm/mesoderm-derived tissues (hatching glands, cephalic paraxial mesoderm, notochord, and head muscles). However, the neural tube was closed in a subset of embryos that lacked any one of these tissues. This suggests that several types of Nodal-induced mesendodermal/mesodermal precursors are competent to promote neurulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngawang Gonsar
- Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN.,Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN
| | - Alicia Coughlin
- Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN.,Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN
| | | | - Bethanie R Borg
- Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN
| | - Lexy M Kindt
- Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN.,Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN
| | - Jennifer O Liang
- Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN.,Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN
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50
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5′-flanking sequences of zebrafish fast myosin heavy chain genes regulate unique expression in the anterior, medial subsection and posterior tail somites of the skeletal muscle. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 191:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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