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Schwartz CE, Aylsworth AS, Allanson J, Battaglia A, Carey JC, Curry CJ, Davies KE, Eichler EE, Graham JM, Hall B, Hall JG, Holmes LB, Hoyme HE, Hunter A, Innis J, Johnson J, Keppler-Noreuil KM, Leroy JG, Moore C, Nelson DL, Neri G, Opitz JM, Picketts D, Raymond FL, Shalev SA, Stevenson RE, Stumpel CTRM, Sutherland G, Viskochil DH, Weaver DD, Zackai EH. Personal journeys to and in human genetics and dysmorphology. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63514. [PMID: 38329159 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Genetics has become a critical component of medicine over the past five to six decades. Alongside genetics, a relatively new discipline, dysmorphology, has also begun to play an important role in providing critically important diagnoses to individuals and families. Both have become indispensable to unraveling rare diseases. Almost every medical specialty relies on individuals experienced in these specialties to provide diagnoses for patients who present themselves to other doctors. Additionally, both specialties have become reliant on molecular geneticists to identify genes associated with human disorders. Many of the medical geneticists, dysmorphologists, and molecular geneticists traveled a circuitous route before arriving at the position they occupied. The purpose of collecting the memoirs contained in this article was to convey to the reader that many of the individuals who contributed to the advancement of genetics and dysmorphology since the late 1960s/early 1970s traveled along a journey based on many chances taken, replying to the necessities they faced along the way before finding full enjoyment in the practice of medical and human genetics or dysmorphology. Additionally, and of equal importance, all exhibited an ability to evolve with their field of expertise as human genetics became human genomics with the development of novel technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Schwartz
- Senior Research Scientist Emeritus, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Arthur S Aylsworth
- Emeritus Professor of Pediatrics and Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Judith Allanson
- Professor of Paediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Clinical Geneticist, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Retired), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Agatino Battaglia
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - John C Carey
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Cynthia J Curry
- Professor of Pediatrics, Emerita, UCSF, Adjunct Professor of Pediatrics, Stanford, Medical Director Genetic Medicine, Community Regional Medical Center, Fresno, California, USA
| | - Kay E Davies
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John M Graham
- Professor Emeritus, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bryan Hall
- Emeritus, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Judith G Hall
- University of British Columbia and Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lewis B Holmes
- Emeritus Chief, Medical Genetics and Metabolism Unit, Mass General for Children; Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H Eugene Hoyme
- Medical Director, Sanford Children's Genomic Medicine Consortium, Senior Advisor, Sanford Imagenetics, Sanford Health, Emeritus Professor and Past Chair, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Adjunct Professor and Medical Director, Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Extraordinary Professor of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alasdair Hunter
- Emeritus Clinical Geneticist, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Innis
- Staff Physician, Pediatric Genetics, Golisano Children's Hospital of Southwest Florida, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
- Professor Emeritus of Human Genetics, Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John Johnson
- Emeritus Clinical Geneticist, Department of Medical Genetics, Shodair Hospital, Helena, Montana, USA
| | - Kim M Keppler-Noreuil
- Professor of Pediatrics Division of Genetics & Metabolism, Program Director, Medical Genetics & Genomics Residency Training Program, Co-Director of the UW NORD Center of Excellence for Rare Diseases, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jules G Leroy
- Professor Emeritus, Ghent University School of Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cynthia Moore
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David L Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Giovanni Neri
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - John M Opitz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - David Picketts
- Senior Scientist, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Professor, Departments of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - F Lucy Raymond
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Stavit Allon Shalev
- The Genetics Institute, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Connie T R M Stumpel
- Emeritus Professor of Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Grant Sutherland
- Emeritus Geneticist, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Emeritus Professor, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David H Viskochil
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - David D Weaver
- Professor Emeritus of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Elaine H Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Chong JX, Childers MC, Marvin CT, Marcello AJ, Gonorazky H, Hazrati LN, Dowling JJ, Al Amrani F, Alanay Y, Nieto Y, Gabriel MÁM, Aylsworth AS, Buckingham KJ, Shively KM, Sommers O, Anderson K, Regnier M, Bamshad MJ. Variants in ACTC1 underlie distal arthrogryposis accompanied by congenital heart defects. HGG Adv 2023; 4:100213. [PMID: 37457373 PMCID: PMC10345160 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Contraction of the human sarcomere is the result of interactions between myosin cross-bridges and actin filaments. Pathogenic variants in genes such as MYH7, TPM1, and TNNI3 that encode parts of the cardiac sarcomere cause muscle diseases that affect the heart, such as dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In contrast, pathogenic variants in homologous genes such as MYH2, TPM2, and TNNI2 that encode parts of the skeletal muscle sarcomere cause muscle diseases affecting skeletal muscle, such as distal arthrogryposis (DA) syndromes and skeletal myopathies. To date, there have been few reports of genes (e.g., MYH7) encoding sarcomeric proteins in which the same pathogenic variant affects skeletal and cardiac muscle. Moreover, none of the known genes underlying DA have been found to contain pathogenic variants that also cause cardiac abnormalities. We report five families with DA because of heterozygous missense variants in the gene actin, alpha, cardiac muscle 1 (ACTC1). ACTC1 encodes a highly conserved actin that binds to myosin in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Pathogenic variants in ACTC1 have been found previously to underlie atrial septal defect, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and left ventricular noncompaction. Our discovery delineates a new DA condition because of variants in ACTC1 and suggests that some functions of ACTC1 are shared in cardiac and skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica X. Chong
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Brotman-Baty Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Matthew Carter Childers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- University of Washington Center for Translational Muscle Research, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Colby T. Marvin
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anthony J. Marcello
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hernan Gonorazky
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Lili-Naz Hazrati
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - James J. Dowling
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Fatema Al Amrani
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Yasemin Alanay
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yolanda Nieto
- Department of Basic Bio-Medical Sciences, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Á Marín Gabriel
- Department of Pediatrics, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, 28221 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arthur S. Aylsworth
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kati J. Buckingham
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Shively
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Olivia Sommers
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kailyn Anderson
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Brotman-Baty Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- University of Washington Center for Translational Muscle Research, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Basic Bio-Medical Sciences, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, 28221 Madrid, Spain
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - University of Washington Center for Rare Disease Research
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Brotman-Baty Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- University of Washington Center for Translational Muscle Research, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Basic Bio-Medical Sciences, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, 28221 Madrid, Spain
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- University of Washington Center for Translational Muscle Research, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael J. Bamshad
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Brotman-Baty Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- University of Washington Center for Translational Muscle Research, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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Chong JX, Childers MC, Marvin CT, Marcello AJ, Gonorazky H, Hazrati LN, Dowling JJ, Amrani FA, Alanay Y, Nieto Y, Marín Gabriel MÁ, Aylsworth AS, Buckingham KJ, Shively KM, Sommers O, Anderson K, Regnier M, Bamshad MJ. Variants in ACTC1 underlie distal arthrogryposis accompanied by congenital heart defects. medRxiv 2023. [PMID: 36945405 PMCID: PMC10029015 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.23286862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Contraction of the human sarcomere is the result of interactions between myosin cross-bridges and actin filaments. Pathogenic variants in genes such as MYH7 , TPM1 , and TNNI3 that encode parts of the cardiac sarcomere cause muscle diseases that affect the heart, such as dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In contrast, pathogenic variants in homologous genes MYH2 , TPM2 , and TNNI2 , that encode parts of the skeletal muscle sarcomere, cause muscle diseases affecting skeletal muscle, such as the distal arthrogryposis (DA) syndromes and skeletal myopathies. To date, there have been few reports of genes (e.g., MYH7 ) encoding sarcomeric proteins in which the same pathogenic variant affects both skeletal and cardiac muscle. Moreover, none of the known genes underlying DA have been found to contain mutations that also cause cardiac abnormalities. We report five families with DA due to heterozygous missense variants in the gene actin, alpha, cardiac muscle 1 ( ACTC1 ). ACTC1 encodes a highly conserved actin that binds to myosin in both cardiac and skeletal muscle. Mutations in ACTC1 have previously been found to underlie atrial septal defect, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and left ventricular noncompaction. Our discovery delineates a new DA condition due to mutations in ACTC1 and suggests that some functions of actin, alpha, cardiac muscle 1 are shared in cardiac and skeletal muscle.
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Chong JX, Talbot JC, Teets EM, Previs S, Martin BL, Shively KM, Marvin CT, Aylsworth AS, Saadeh-Haddad R, Schatz UA, Inzana F, Ben-Omran T, Almusafri F, Al-Mulla M, Buckingham KJ, Harel T, Mor-Shaked H, Radhakrishnan P, Girisha KM, Nayak SS, Shukla A, Dieterich K, Faure J, Rendu J, Capri Y, Latypova X, Nickerson DA, Warshaw D, Janssen PM, Amacher SL, Bamshad MJ, Bamshad MJ. Response to Hall et al. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:1188-1189. [PMID: 33275912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael J Bamshad
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Brotman-Baty Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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Chong JX, Talbot JC, Teets EM, Previs S, Martin BL, Shively KM, Marvin CT, Aylsworth AS, Saadeh-Haddad R, Schatz UA, Inzana F, Ben-Omran T, Almusafri F, Al-Mulla M, Buckingham KJ, Harel T, Mor-Shaked H, Radhakrishnan P, Girisha KM, Nayak SS, Shukla A, Dieterich K, Faure J, Rendu J, Capri Y, Latypova X, Nickerson DA, Warshaw DM, Janssen PM, Amacher SL, Bamshad MJ, Bamshad MJ. Mutations in MYLPF Cause a Novel Segmental Amyoplasia that Manifests as Distal Arthrogryposis. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:293-310. [PMID: 32707087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We identified ten persons in six consanguineous families with distal arthrogryposis (DA) who had congenital contractures, scoliosis, and short stature. Exome sequencing revealed that each affected person was homozygous for one of two different rare variants (c.470G>T [p.Cys157Phe] or c.469T>C [p.Cys157Arg]) affecting the same residue of myosin light chain, phosphorylatable, fast skeletal muscle (MYLPF). In a seventh family, a c.487G>A (p.Gly163Ser) variant in MYLPF arose de novo in a father, who transmitted it to his son. In an eighth family comprised of seven individuals with dominantly inherited DA, a c.98C>T (p.Ala33Val) variant segregated in all four persons tested. Variants in MYLPF underlie both dominant and recessively inherited DA. Mylpf protein models suggest that the residues associated with dominant DA interact with myosin whereas the residues altered in families with recessive DA only indirectly impair this interaction. Pathological and histological exam of a foot amputated from an affected child revealed complete absence of skeletal muscle (i.e., segmental amyoplasia). To investigate the mechanism for this finding, we generated an animal model for partial MYLPF impairment by knocking out zebrafish mylpfa. The mylpfa mutant had reduced trunk contractile force and complete pectoral fin paralysis, demonstrating that mylpf impairment most severely affects limb movement. mylpfa mutant muscle weakness was most pronounced in an appendicular muscle and was explained by reduced myosin activity and fiber degeneration. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that partial loss of MYLPF function can lead to congenital contractures, likely as a result of degeneration of skeletal muscle in the distal limb.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael J Bamshad
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Brotman-Baty Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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Tian LH, Wiggins LD, Schieve LA, Yeargin-Allsopp M, Dietz P, Aylsworth AS, Elias ER, Hoover-Fong JE, Meeks NJL, Souders MC, Tsai ACH, Zackai EH, Alexander AA, Dowling NF, Shapira SK. Mapping the Relationship between Dysmorphology and Cognitive, Behavioral, and Developmental Outcomes in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Res 2020; 13:1227-1238. [PMID: 32567802 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies investigating the association between dysmorphology and cognitive, behavioral, and developmental outcomes among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been limited by the binary classification of dysmorphology and lack of comparison groups. We assessed the association using a continuous measure of dysmorphology severity (DS) in preschool children aged 2-5 years (322 with ASD and intellectual disability [ID], 188 with ASD without ID, and 371 without ASD from the general population [POP]). In bivariate analyses, an inverse association between DS and expressive language, receptive language, fine motor, and visual reception skills was observed in children with ASD and ID. An inverse association of DS with fine motor and visual reception skills, but not expressive language and receptive language, was found in children with ASD without ID. No associations were observed in POP children. These results persisted after exclusion of children with known genetic syndromes or major morphologic anomalies. Quantile regression models showed that the inverse relationships remained significant after adjustment for sex, race/ethnicity, maternal education, family income, study site, and preterm birth. DS was not associated with autistic traits or autism symptom severity, behaviors, or regression among children with ASD with or without ID. Thus, DS was associated with a global impairment of cognitive functioning in children with ASD and ID, but only with fine motor and visual reception deficits in children with ASD without ID. A better understanding is needed for mechanisms that explain the association between DS and cognitive impairment in children with different disorders. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1227-1238. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We examined whether having more dysmorphic features (DFs) was related to developmental problems among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with or without intellectual disability (ID), and children without ASD from the general population (POP). Children with ASD and ID had more language, movement, and learning issues as the number of DFs increased. Children with ASD without ID had more movement and learning issues as the number of DFs increased. These relationships were not observed in the POP group. Implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin H Tian
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lisa D Wiggins
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Laura A Schieve
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Patricia Dietz
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Arthur S Aylsworth
- Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ellen R Elias
- Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Julie E Hoover-Fong
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Naomi J L Meeks
- Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Margaret C Souders
- Clinical Genetics Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anne C-H Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Elaine H Zackai
- Clinical Genetics Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aimee A Alexander
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nicole F Dowling
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Stuart K Shapira
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Reis LM, Sorokina EA, Thompson S, Muheisen S, Velinov M, Zamora C, Aylsworth AS, Semina EV. De Novo Missense Variants in WDR37 Cause a Severe Multisystemic Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:425-433. [PMID: 31327510 PMCID: PMC6698968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While genetic causes are known for many syndromes involving developmental anomalies, a large number of individuals with overlapping phenotypes remain undiagnosed. Using exome-sequencing analysis and review of matchmaker databases, we have discovered four de novo missense variants predicted to affect the N-terminal region of WDR37-p.Ser119Phe, p.Thr125Ile, p.Ser129Cys, and p.Thr130Ile-in unrelated individuals with a previously unrecognized syndrome. Features of WDR37 syndrome include the following: ocular anomalies such as corneal opacity/Peters anomaly, coloboma, and microcornea; dysmorphic facial features; significant neurological impairment with structural brain defects and seizures; poor feeding; poor post-natal growth; variable skeletal, cardiac, and genitourinary defects; and death in infancy in one individual. WDR37 encodes a protein of unknown function with seven predicted WD40 domains and no previously reported human pathogenic variants. Immunocytochemistry and western blot studies showed that wild-type WDR37 is localized predominantly in the cytoplasm and mutant proteins demonstrate similar protein levels and localization. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing generated zebrafish mutants with novel missense and frameshift alleles: p.Ser129Phe, p.Ser129Cys (which replicates one of the human variants), p.Ser129Tyr, p.Lys127Cysfs, and p.Gln95Argfs. Zebrafish carrying heterozygous missense variants demonstrated poor growth and larval lethality, while heterozygotes with frameshift alleles survived to adulthood, suggesting a potential dominant-negative mechanism for the missense variants. RNA-seq analysis of zebrafish embryos carrying a missense variant detected significant upregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis pathways. This study identifies variants in WDR37 associated with human disease and provides insight into its essential role in vertebrate development and possible molecular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Reis
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Elena A Sorokina
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Samuel Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Sanaa Muheisen
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Milen Velinov
- Department of Human Genetics, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Carlos Zamora
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Arthur S Aylsworth
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elena V Semina
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Departments of Ophthalmology and Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Forestieri NE, Desrosiers TA, Freedman SF, Aylsworth AS, Voltzke K, Olshan AF, Meyer RE. Risk factors for primary congenital glaucoma in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1846-1856. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina E. Forestieri
- North Carolina Birth Defects Monitoring Program, State Center for Health Statistics Raleigh North Carolina
| | - Tania A. Desrosiers
- Department of EpidemiologyGillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Sharon F. Freedman
- Department of Ophthalmology and PediatricsDuke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina
| | - Arthur S. Aylsworth
- Department of Pediatrics and GeneticsUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Kristin Voltzke
- Department of EpidemiologyGillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Andrew F. Olshan
- Department of EpidemiologyGillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Robert E. Meyer
- North Carolina Birth Defects Monitoring Program, State Center for Health Statistics Raleigh North Carolina
- Department of Maternal and Child HealthGillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina
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9
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Milko LV, O’Daniel JM, DeCristo DM, Crowley SB, Foreman AKM, Wallace KE, Mollison LF, Strande NT, Girnary ZS, Boshe LJ, Aylsworth AS, Gucsavas-Calikoglu M, Frazier DM, Vora NL, Roche MI, Powell BC, Powell CM, Berg JS. An Age-Based Framework for Evaluating Genome-Scale Sequencing Results in Newborn Screening. J Pediatr 2019; 209:68-76. [PMID: 30851990 PMCID: PMC6535354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the performance of a standardized, age-based metric for scoring clinical actionability to evaluate conditions for inclusion in newborn screening and compare it with the results from other contemporary methods. STUDY DESIGN The North Carolina Newborn Exome Sequencing for Universal Screening study developed an age-based, semiquantitative metric to assess the clinical actionability of gene-disease pairs and classify them with respect to age of onset or timing of interventions. This categorization was compared with the gold standard Recommended Uniform Screening Panel and other methods to evaluate gene-disease pairs for newborn genomic sequencing. RESULTS We assessed 822 gene-disease pairs, enriched for pediatric onset of disease and suspected actionability. Of these, 466 were classified as having childhood onset and high actionability, analogous to conditions selected for the Recommended Uniform Screening Panel core panel. Another 245 were classified as having childhood onset and low to no actionability, 25 were classified as having adult onset and high actionability, 19 were classified as having adult onset and low to no actionability, and 67 were excluded due to controversial evidence and/or prenatal onset. CONCLUSIONS This study describes a novel method to facilitate decisions about the potential use of genomic sequencing for newborn screening. These categories may assist parents and physicians in making informed decisions about the disclosure of results from voluntary genomic sequencing in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Natasha T. Strande
- Department of Genetics, UNC Chapel Hill,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill
| | - Zahra S. Girnary
- Department of Genetics, UNC Chapel Hill,current affiliation: Mission Fullerton Genetics Center, Asheville, NC
| | - Lacey J. Boshe
- Department of Genetics, UNC Chapel Hill,current affiliation: School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill
| | - Arthur S. Aylsworth
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, UNC Chapel Hill
| | | | - Dianne M. Frazier
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, UNC Chapel Hill
| | - Neeta L. Vora
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UNC Chapel Hill
| | - Myra I. Roche
- Department of Genetics, UNC Chapel Hill,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, UNC Chapel Hill
| | | | - Cynthia M. Powell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, UNC Chapel Hill
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10
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Koczkowska M, Callens T, Gomes A, Sharp A, Chen Y, Hicks AD, Aylsworth AS, Azizi AA, Basel DG, Bellus G, Bird LM, Blazo MA, Burke LW, Cannon A, Collins F, DeFilippo C, Denayer E, Digilio MC, Dills SK, Dosa L, Greenwood RS, Griffis C, Gupta P, Hachen RK, Hernández-Chico C, Janssens S, Jones KJ, Jordan JT, Kannu P, Korf BR, Lewis AM, Listernick RH, Lonardo F, Mahoney MJ, Ojeda MM, McDonald MT, McDougall C, Mendelsohn N, Miller DT, Mori M, Oostenbrink R, Perreault S, Pierpont ME, Piscopo C, Pond DA, Randolph LM, Rauen KA, Rednam S, Rutledge SL, Saletti V, Schaefer GB, Schorry EK, Scott DA, Shugar A, Siqveland E, Starr LJ, Syed A, Trapane PL, Ullrich NJ, Wakefield EG, Walsh LE, Wangler MF, Zackai E, Claes KBM, Wimmer K, van Minkelen R, De Luca A, Martin Y, Legius E, Messiaen LM. Expanding the clinical phenotype of individuals with a 3-bp in-frame deletion of the NF1 gene (c.2970_2972del): an update of genotype-phenotype correlation. Genet Med 2019; 21:867-876. [PMID: 30190611 PMCID: PMC6752285 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is characterized by a highly variable clinical presentation, but almost all NF1-affected adults present with cutaneous and/or subcutaneous neurofibromas. Exceptions are individuals heterozygous for the NF1 in-frame deletion, c.2970_2972del (p.Met992del), associated with a mild phenotype without any externally visible tumors. METHODS A total of 135 individuals from 103 unrelated families, all carrying the constitutional NF1 p.Met992del pathogenic variant and clinically assessed using the same standardized phenotypic checklist form, were included in this study. RESULTS None of the individuals had externally visible plexiform or histopathologically confirmed cutaneous or subcutaneous neurofibromas. We did not identify any complications, such as symptomatic optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) or symptomatic spinal neurofibromas; however, 4.8% of individuals had nonoptic brain tumors, mostly low-grade and asymptomatic, and 38.8% had cognitive impairment/learning disabilities. In an individual with the NF1 constitutional c.2970_2972del and three astrocytomas, we provided proof that all were NF1-associated tumors given loss of heterozygosity at three intragenic NF1 microsatellite markers and c.2970_2972del. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that individuals with the NF1 p.Met992del pathogenic variant have a mild NF1 phenotype lacking clinically suspected plexiform, cutaneous, or subcutaneous neurofibromas. However, learning difficulties are clearly part of the phenotypic presentation in these individuals and will require specialized care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Koczkowska
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Tom Callens
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Alicia Gomes
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Angela Sharp
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yunjia Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Alesha D Hicks
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Arthur S Aylsworth
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amedeo A Azizi
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Donald G Basel
- Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gary Bellus
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lynne M Bird
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego; Division of Genetics/Dysmorphology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Leah W Burke
- Clinical Genetics Program, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Ashley Cannon
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Felicity Collins
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Colette DeFilippo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genomic Medicine, UC Davis MIND Institute, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Ellen Denayer
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria C Digilio
- Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Dosa
- SOC Genetica Medica, AOU Meyer, Florence, Italy
| | - Robert S Greenwood
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Punita Gupta
- Neurofibromatosis Diagnostic & Treatment Program, St. Joseph's Children's Hospital, Paterson, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rachel K Hachen
- Neurofibromatosis Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Concepción Hernández-Chico
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research-Network of Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Janssens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristi J Jones
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Justin T Jordan
- Department of Neurology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Kannu
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce R Korf
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Andrea M Lewis
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert H Listernick
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Maurice J Mahoney
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mayra Martinez Ojeda
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marie T McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carey McDougall
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nancy Mendelsohn
- Genomics Medicine Program, Children's Hospital Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - David T Miller
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mari Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Rianne Oostenbrink
- Department of General Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastién Perreault
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Mother and Child University Hospital Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mary Ella Pierpont
- Department of Pediatrics and Ophthalmology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Carmelo Piscopo
- U.O.S.C. Medical Genetics, A.O.R.N. "A. Cardarelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Dinel A Pond
- Genomics Medicine Program, Children's Hospital Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Linda M Randolph
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Katherine A Rauen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genomic Medicine, UC Davis MIND Institute, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Surya Rednam
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - S Lane Rutledge
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Veronica Saletti
- Developmental Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - G Bradley Schaefer
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Schorry
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Daryl A Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrea Shugar
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Siqveland
- Genomics Medicine Program, Children's Hospital Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lois J Starr
- Genetic Medicine, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ashraf Syed
- DCH Regional Medical Center and Northport Medical Center, Northport, Alabama, USA
| | - Pamela L Trapane
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Nicole J Ullrich
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily G Wakefield
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Laurence E Walsh
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elaine Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Katharina Wimmer
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rick van Minkelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Molecular Genetics Unit, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Yolanda Martin
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research-Network of Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric Legius
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludwine M Messiaen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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11
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Koczkowska M, Callens T, Gomes A, Sharp A, Chen Y, Hicks AD, Aylsworth AS, Azizi AA, Basel DG, Bellus G, Bird LM, Blazo MA, Burke LW, Cannon A, Collins F, DeFilippo C, Denayer E, Digilio MC, Dills SK, Dosa L, Greenwood RS, Griffis C, Gupta P, Hachen RK, Hernández-Chico C, Janssens S, Jones KJ, Jordan JT, Kannu P, Korf BR, Lewis AM, Listernick RH, Lonardo F, Mahoney MJ, Ojeda MM, McDonald MT, McDougall C, Mendelsohn N, Miller DT, Mori M, Oostenbrink R, Perreault S, Pierpont ME, Piscopo C, Pond DA, Randolph LM, Rauen KA, Rednam S, Rutledge SL, Saletti V, Schaefer GB, Schorry EK, Scott DA, Shugar A, Siqveland E, Starr LJ, Syed A, Trapane PL, Ullrich NJ, Wakefield EG, Walsh LE, Wangler MF, Zackai E, Claes KBM, Wimmer K, van Minkelen R, De Luca A, Martin Y, Legius E, Messiaen LM. Correction: Expanding the clinical phenotype of individuals with a 3-bp in-frame deletion of the NF1 gene (c.2970_2972del): an update of genotype-phenotype correlation. Genet Med 2019; 21:764-765. [PMID: 30275510 PMCID: PMC7608433 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A correction has been published to this Article. The PDF and HTML have been updated accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Koczkowska
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tom Callens
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alicia Gomes
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Angela Sharp
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yunjia Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alesha D Hicks
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Arthur S Aylsworth
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amedeo A Azizi
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Gary Bellus
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lynne M Bird
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego; Division of Genetics/Dysmorphology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Leah W Burke
- Clinical Genetics Program, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Ashley Cannon
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Felicity Collins
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Colette DeFilippo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genomic Medicine, UC Davis MIND Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ellen Denayer
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria C Digilio
- Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Dosa
- SOC Genetica Medica, AOU Meyer, Florence, Italy
| | - Robert S Greenwood
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Punita Gupta
- Neurofibromatosis Diagnostic & Treatment Program, St. Joseph's Children's Hospital, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Rachel K Hachen
- Neurofibromatosis Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Concepción Hernández-Chico
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research-Network of Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Janssens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristi J Jones
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin T Jordan
- Department of Neurology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Kannu
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce R Korf
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andrea M Lewis
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert H Listernick
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Marie T McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carey McDougall
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nancy Mendelsohn
- Genomics Medicine Program, Children's Hospital Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David T Miller
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mari Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Rianne Oostenbrink
- Department of General Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastién Perreault
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Mother and Child University Hospital Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mary Ella Pierpont
- Department of Pediatrics and Ophthalmology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Carmelo Piscopo
- U.O.S.C. Medical Genetics, A.O.R.N. "A. Cardarelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Dinel A Pond
- Genomics Medicine Program, Children's Hospital Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Linda M Randolph
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katherine A Rauen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genomic Medicine, UC Davis MIND Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Surya Rednam
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Lane Rutledge
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Veronica Saletti
- Developmental Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - G Bradley Schaefer
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Schorry
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Daryl A Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrea Shugar
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Siqveland
- Genomics Medicine Program, Children's Hospital Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lois J Starr
- Genetic Medicine, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ashraf Syed
- DCH Regional Medical Center and Northport Medical Center, Northport, AL, USA
| | - Pamela L Trapane
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nicole J Ullrich
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily G Wakefield
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Laurence E Walsh
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elaine Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Katharina Wimmer
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rick van Minkelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Molecular Genetics Unit, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Yolanda Martin
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research-Network of Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Eric Legius
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludwine M Messiaen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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12
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Watkins SE, Allori AC, Meyer RE, Aylsworth AS, Marcus JR, Strauss RP. Special education use in elementary school by children with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts. Birth Defects Res 2018; 111:142-150. [PMID: 30516876 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (NS OFCs) may require exceptional children's (EC) services for academic delays. We examined EC service use of children with and without NS OFCs in NC in elementary school. METHODS We included 559 children with NS OFCs and 6,822 children without birth defects who had NC educational records. We estimated prevalence ratios, trends in enrollment, and characteristics of eligibility classification using descriptive statistics and logistic regression by cleft subtype and race/ethnicity. We estimated the odds of third grade retention by EC enrollment using logistic regression with inverse probability of treatment weights. RESULTS Children with NS OFCs were 3.02 (95% CI: 2.50, 3.64) times as likely to receive third grade special education (SE) services compared to unaffected peers. The prevalence odds was highest among children with CL+P (OR: 4.61, 95% CI: 3.49, 6.09) declining by 54% by fifth grade. The prevalence odds of SE for white children was approximately 1.50 times that for African American children in fourth and fifth grades. Approximately 33% of children with NS OFCs within each racial/ethnic group received SE in third grade. African American children were twice as likely to receive services under specific learning disability. Children with NS OFCs receiving EC services were 44% (OR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.13, 2.38) less likely to be retained in third grade compared to children with NS OFCs who were not receiving services. CONCLUSIONS Children with NS OFCs are more likely to receive SE services in elementary school compared to their unaffected peers. The eligibility category differed by racial/ethnic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Watkins
- NC Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Public Health, Women's and Children's Health Section, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alexander C Allori
- Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Robert E Meyer
- NC Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Public Health, Birth Defects Monitoring Program, State Center for Health Statistics, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Arthur S Aylsworth
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jeffrey R Marcus
- Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ronald P Strauss
- School of Dentistry and UNC Craniofacial Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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13
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Couser NL, Keelean-Fuller D, Davenport ML, Haverfield E, Masood MM, Henin M, Aylsworth AS. Cleft palate and hypopituitarism in a patient with Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair-1. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2024-2027. [PMID: 30240112 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS), the most common of the RASopathies, is a developmental disorder caused by heterozygous germline mutations in genes encoding proteins in the RAS-MAPK signaling pathway. Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair (NSLH, including NSLH1, OMIM #607721 and NSLH2, OMIM #617506) is characterized by typical features of NS with additional findings of macrocephaly, loose anagen hair, growth hormone deficiency in some, and a higher incidence of intellectual disability. All NSLH1 reported cases to date have had an SHOC2 c.4A>G, p.Ser2Gly mutation; NSLH2 cases have been reported with a PPP1CB c.146G>C, p.Pro49Arg mutation, or c.166G>C, p.Ala56Pro mutation. True cleft palate does not appear to have been previously reported in individuals with NS or with NSLH. While some patients with NS have had growth hormone deficiency (GHD), other endocrine abnormalities are only rarely documented. We present a female patient with NSLH1 who was born with a posterior cleft palate, micrognathia, and mild hypotonia. Other findings in her childhood and young adulthood years include hearing loss, strabismus, and hypopituitarism with growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and gonadotropin deficiencies. The SHOC2 mutation may be responsible for this patient's additional features of cleft palate and hypopituitarism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natario L Couser
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Ophthalmology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Debra Keelean-Fuller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Marsha L Davenport
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Maheer M Masood
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Mark Henin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Arthur S Aylsworth
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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14
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Watkins SE, Meyer RE, Aylsworth AS, Marcus JR, Allori AC, Pimenta L, Lipinski RJ, Strauss RP. Academic Achievement Among Children With Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts : A Population-Based Study. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2017; 55:12-20. [PMID: 34162061 DOI: 10.1177/1055665617718823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children with orofacial clefts (OFCs) may experience poor reading proficiency, learning disabilities, and academic underachievement. We examined the association between nonsyndromic (NS) OFCs and end-of-grade (EOG) performance in reading and math from third through eighth grade in a sample subgroup. PARTICIPANTS We identified a cohort of 559 children with NS-OFCs and 6822 children without birth defects, classifying cleft type by cleft lip alone, with or without cleft alveolar ridge (CL); cleft lip with cleft palate (CL+P); and cleft palate only (CP). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Using logistic regression, we estimated the odds of not meeting grade-level standards among children with NS-OFCs compared to unaffected peers. Using longitudinal analyses, we estimated the odds of not meeting grade-level standards and average change in test scores through eighth grade. RESULTS Children with NS-OFCs were 1.22 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.83) times as likely not to meet grade-level standards in reading compared to unaffected peers. The effect was similar for math (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.48). Children with CL+P were 1.33 (95% CI: 0.86, 1.83) and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.19, 2.56) times as likely not to meet grade-level standard in reading and in both subjects, respectively, compared to unaffected peers. The average rate of change in both scores was similar for children with and without OFCs. CONCLUSIONS Poor academic performance appears greatest for children with CL+P, a finding compatible with previous observations and hypothesized mechanisms associating orofacial clefts with subtle abnormalities in brain development. Academic performance monitoring and referral for academic assistance is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Watkins
- Women's and Children's Health Section, Division of Public Health, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Robert E Meyer
- Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Division of Public Health, State Center for Health Statistics, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Arthur S Aylsworth
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Marcus
- Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alexander C Allori
- Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Luiz Pimenta
- School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert J Lipinski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ronald P Strauss
- School of Dentistry and Office of the Provost, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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15
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Singer AB, Aylsworth AS, Cordero C, Croen LA, DiGuiseppi C, Fallin MD, Herring AH, Hooper SR, Pretzel RE, Schieve LA, Windham GC, Daniels JL. Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in Relation to Autism Spectrum Disorder: Findings from the Study to Explore Early Development (SEED). Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2017; 31:573-582. [PMID: 28881390 PMCID: PMC5690833 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal alcohol exposure can affect neurodevelopment, but few studies have examined associations with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS We assessed the association between maternal alcohol use and ASD in the Study to Explore Early Development, a multi-site case-control study of children born between September 2003 and August 2006 in the US Regression analyses included 684 children with research clinician-confirmed ASD, 869 children with non-ASD developmental delays or disorders (DDs), and 962 controls ascertained from the general population (POP). Maternal alcohol exposure during each month from 3 months prior to conception until delivery was assessed by self-report. RESULTS Mothers of POP children were more likely to report any prenatal alcohol use than mothers of children with ASD or DD. In trimester one, 21.2% of mothers of POP children reported alcohol use compared with 18.1% and 18.2% of mothers of children with ASD or DD, respectively (adjusted OR for ASD vs. POP 0.8, 95% confidence interval 0.6, 1.1). During preconception and the first month of pregnancy, one to two drinks on average per week was inversely associated with ASD risk. CONCLUSIONS These results do not support an adverse association between low-level alcohol exposure and ASD, although these findings were based on retrospective self-reported alcohol use. Unmeasured confounding or exposure misclassification may explain inverse associations with one to two drinks per week. Pregnant or potentially pregnant women should continue to follow recommendations to avoid alcohol use because of other known effects on infant health and neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison B. Singer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Arthur S. Aylsworth
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christina Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lisa A. Croen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn DiGuiseppi
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - M. Daniele Fallin
- Department of Mental Health, Department of Epidemiology, and the Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy H. Herring
- Department of Biostatistics and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephen R. Hooper
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca E. Pretzel
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities (CIDD), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura A. Schieve
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gayle C. Windham
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Disease Control, CA Department of Public Health, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Julie L. Daniels
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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16
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Stingone JA, Luben TJ, Carmichael SL, Aylsworth AS, Botto LD, Correa A, Gilboa SM, Langlois PH, Nembhard WN, Richmond-Bryant J, Shaw GM, Olshan AF. Maternal Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide, Intake of Methyl Nutrients, and Congenital Heart Defects in Offspring. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:719-729. [PMID: 28520847 PMCID: PMC5610640 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrients that regulate methylation processes may modify susceptibility to the effects of air pollutants. Data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (United States, 1997-2006) were used to estimate associations between maternal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), dietary intake of methyl nutrients, and the odds of congenital heart defects in offspring. NO2 concentrations, a marker of traffic-related air pollution, averaged across postconception weeks 2-8, were assigned to 6,160 nondiabetic mothers of cases and controls using inverse distance-squared weighting of air monitors within 50 km of maternal residences. Intakes of choline, folate, methionine, and vitamins B6 and B12 were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Hierarchical regression models, which accounted for similarities across defects, were constructed, and relative excess risks due to interaction were calculated. Relative to women with the lowest NO2 exposure and high methionine intake, women with the highest NO2 exposure and lowest methionine intake had the greatest odds of offspring with a perimembranous ventricular septal defect (odds ratio = 3.23, 95% confidence interval: 1.74, 6.01; relative excess risk due to interaction = 2.15, 95% confidence interval: 0.39, 3.92). Considerable departure from additivity was not observed for other defects. These results provide modest evidence of interaction between nutrition and NO2 exposure during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette A. Stingone
- Correspondence to Dr. Jeanette A. Stingone, Icahn School of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1057 New York, NY 10029 (e-mail: )
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17
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Couser NL, Pande CK, Turcott CM, Spector EB, Aylsworth AS, Powell CM. Mild achondroplasia/hypochondroplasia with acanthosis nigricans, normal development, and a p.Ser348Cys FGFR3 mutation. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1097-1101. [PMID: 28181399 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic allelic variants in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene have been associated with a number of phenotypes including achondroplasia, hypochondroplasia, thanatophoric dysplasia, Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans (Crouzonodermoskeletal syndrome), and SADDAN (severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans). Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans is caused by the pathogenic variant c.1172C>A (p.Ala391Glu) in the FGFR3 gene. The p.Lys650Thr pathogenic variant in FGFR3 has been linked to acanthosis nigricans without significant craniofacial or skeletal abnormalities. Recently, an infant with achondroplasia and a novel p.Ser348Cys FGFR3 mutation was reported. We describe the clinical history of an 8-year-old child with a skeletal dysplasia in the achondroplasia-hypochondroplasia spectrum, acanthosis nigricans, typical development, and the recently described p.Ser348Cys FGFR3 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natario L Couser
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Chetna K Pande
- Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas.,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christie M Turcott
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Elaine B Spector
- Department of Pediatrics and Denver Genetic Laboratories, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Arthur S Aylsworth
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Cynthia M Powell
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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18
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Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID), a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by limitations of both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, affects an estimated 1-2% of children. Genetic causes of ID are often accompanied by recognizable syndromal patterns. The vision apparatus is a sensory extension of the brain, and individuals with intellectual disabilities frequently have coexisting abnormalities of ocular structures and the visual pathway system. About one-third of the X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) syndromes have significant eye or ocular adnexa abnormalities that provide important diagnostic clues. Some XLID syndromes (e.g. Aicardi, cerebrooculogenital, Graham anophthalmia, Lenz, Lowe, MIDAS) are widely known for their characteristic ocular manifestations. Nystagmus, optic atrophy, and strabismus are among the more common, nonspecific, ocular manifestations that contribute to neuro-ophthalmological morbidity. Common dysmorphic oculofacial findings include anophthalmia, microphthalmia, hypertelorism, and abnormalities in the configuration or orientation of the palpebral fissures. Four XLID syndromes with major ocular manifestations (incontinentia pigmenti, Goltz, MIDAS, and Aicardi syndromes) are notable because of male lethality and expression occurring predominantly in females. The majority of the genes associated with XLID and ocular manifestations have now been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natario L Couser
- a Department of Ophthalmology , University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA.,b Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics , University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
| | - Maheer M Masood
- c University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
| | - Arthur S Aylsworth
- b Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics , University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA.,d Department of Genetics , University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
| | - Roger E Stevenson
- e Greenwood Genetic Center, JC Self Research Institute of Human Genetics , Greenwood , South Carolina , USA
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19
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R. Carlson A, L. Sobol D, J. Pien I, C. Allori A, R. Marcus J, E. Watkins S, S. Aylsworth A, E. Meyer R, A. Pimenta L, P. Strauss R, L. Ramsey B, Raynor E. Obstructive sleep apnea in children with cleft lip and/or palate: Results of an epidemiologic study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.15761/docr.1000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Zak J, Vives V, Szumska D, Vernet A, Schneider JE, Miller P, Slee EA, Joss S, Lacassie Y, Chen E, Escobar LF, Tucker M, Aylsworth AS, Dubbs HA, Collins AT, Andrieux J, Dieux-Coeslier A, Haberlandt E, Kotzot D, Scott DA, Parker MJ, Zakaria Z, Choy YS, Wieczorek D, Innes AM, Jun KR, Zinner S, Prin F, Lygate CA, Pretorius P, Rosenfeld JA, Mohun TJ, Lu X. ASPP2 deficiency causes features of 1q41q42 microdeletion syndrome. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1973-1984. [PMID: 27447114 PMCID: PMC5136487 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal abnormalities are implicated in a substantial number of human developmental syndromes, but for many such disorders little is known about the causative genes. The recently described 1q41q42 microdeletion syndrome is characterized by characteristic dysmorphic features, intellectual disability and brain morphological abnormalities, but the precise genetic basis for these abnormalities remains unknown. Here, our detailed analysis of the genetic abnormalities of 1q41q42 microdeletion cases identified TP53BP2, which encodes apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53 2 (ASPP2), as a candidate gene for brain abnormalities. Consistent with this, Trp53bp2-deficient mice show dilation of lateral ventricles resembling the phenotype of 1q41q42 microdeletion patients. Trp53bp2 deficiency causes 100% neonatal lethality in the C57BL/6 background associated with a high incidence of neural tube defects and a range of developmental abnormalities such as congenital heart defects, coloboma, microphthalmia, urogenital and craniofacial abnormalities. Interestingly, abnormalities show a high degree of overlap with 1q41q42 microdeletion-associated abnormalities. These findings identify TP53BP2 as a strong candidate causative gene for central nervous system (CNS) defects in 1q41q42 microdeletion syndrome, and open new avenues for investigation of the mechanisms underlying CNS abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zak
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - V Vives
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - D Szumska
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - A Vernet
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - J E Schneider
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - P Miller
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - E A Slee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - S Joss
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Glasgow, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Y Lacassie
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
- Genetics Services, Children's Hospital New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - E Chen
- Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - L F Escobar
- St Vincent Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, IN 46260, USA
| | - M Tucker
- St Vincent Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, IN 46260, USA
| | - A S Aylsworth
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - H A Dubbs
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A T Collins
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - J Andrieux
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, CHRU de Lille, Lille 59000, France
| | | | - E Haberlandt
- Clinical Department of Pediatrics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - D Kotzot
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - D A Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - M J Parker
- Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK
| | - Z Zakaria
- Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Pahang 50588, Malaysia
| | - Y S Choy
- Prince Court Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 50450, Malaysia
| | - D Wieczorek
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Clinic Essen, Duisburg-Essen University, Essen 45122, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Clinic, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - A M Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3B 6A8
| | - K R Jun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Haeundae-gu, Busan, Korea
| | - S Zinner
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - F Prin
- The Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - C A Lygate
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - P Pretorius
- Department of Neuroradiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - J A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - T J Mohun
- The Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - X Lu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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21
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Couser NL, Pande CK, Walsh JM, Tepperberg J, Aylsworth AS. Camptodactyly and the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 173:515-518. [PMID: 27792854 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We describe a 5-day-old male with minor facial anomalies, a congenital laryngeal web, severe laryngomalacia, and prominent fixed flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 2 through 5 bilaterally. A whole genome SNP microarray analysis identified a 2.55 Mb interstitial deletion of 22q11.21, typical of that seen in the DiGeorge and Velocardiofacial syndromes. A review of the literature identifies 10 other cases with camptodactyly. Camptodactyly appears to be an associated but rarely reported anomaly in patients with the 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natario L Couser
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University, of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Chetna K Pande
- Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan M Walsh
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Arthur S Aylsworth
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University, of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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22
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Scheuerle AE, Aylsworth AS. Birth defects and neonatal morbidity caused by teratogen exposure after the embryonic period. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 106:935-939. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela E. Scheuerle
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas Texas
| | - Arthur S. Aylsworth
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
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23
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Warren JL, Stingone JA, Herring AH, Luben TJ, Fuentes M, Aylsworth AS, Langlois PH, Botto LD, Correa A, Olshan AF. Bayesian multinomial probit modeling of daily windows of susceptibility for maternal PM2.5 exposure and congenital heart defects. Stat Med 2016; 35:2786-801. [PMID: 26853919 DOI: 10.1002/sim.6891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies suggest that maternal ambient air pollution exposure during critical periods of pregnancy is associated with adverse effects on fetal development. In this work, we introduce new methodology for identifying critical periods of development during post-conception gestational weeks 2-8 where elevated exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5 ) adversely impacts development of the heart. Past studies have focused on highly aggregated temporal levels of exposure during the pregnancy and have failed to account for anatomical similarities between the considered congenital heart defects. We introduce a multinomial probit model in the Bayesian setting that allows for joint identification of susceptible daily periods during pregnancy for 12 types of congenital heart defects with respect to maternal PM2.5 exposure. We apply the model to a dataset of mothers from the National Birth Defect Prevention Study where daily PM2.5 exposures from post-conception gestational weeks 2-8 are assigned using predictions from the downscaler pollution model. This approach is compared with two aggregated exposure models that define exposure as the average value over post-conception gestational weeks 2-8 and the average over individual weeks, respectively. Results suggest an association between increased PM2.5 exposure on post-conception gestational day 53 with the development of pulmonary valve stenosis and exposures during days 50 and 51 with tetralogy of Fallot. Significant associations are masked when using the aggregated exposure models. Simulation study results suggest that the findings are robust to multiple sources of error. The general form of the model allows for different exposures and health outcomes to be considered in future applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Warren
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
| | - Jeanette A Stingone
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Amy H Herring
- Department of Biostatistics, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, U.S.A
| | - Thomas J Luben
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, USA Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, U.S.A
| | - Montserrat Fuentes
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A
| | - Arthur S Aylsworth
- Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, U.S.A
| | - Peter H Langlois
- Texas Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, TX, U.S.A
| | - Lorenzo D Botto
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, U.S.A
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, U.S.A
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, U.S.A
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Meyer RE, Liu G, Gilboa SM, Ethen MK, Aylsworth AS, Powell CM, Flood TJ, Mai CT, Wang Y, Canfield MA. Survival of children with trisomy 13 and trisomy 18: A multi-state population-based study. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 170A:825-37. [PMID: 26663415 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Trisomy 13 (T13) and trisomy 18 (T18) are among the most prevalent autosomal trisomies. Both are associated with a very high risk of mortality. Numerous instances, however, of long-term survival of children with T13 or T18 have prompted some clinicians to pursue aggressive treatment instead of the traditional approach of palliative care. The purpose of this study is to assess current mortality data for these conditions. This multi-state, population-based study examined data obtained from birth defect surveillance programs in nine states on live-born infants delivered during 1999-2007 with T13 or T18. Information on children's vital status and selected maternal and infant risk factors were obtained using matched birth and death certificates and other data sources. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate age-specific survival probabilities and predictors of survival up to age five. There were 693 children with T13 and 1,113 children with T18 identified from the participating states. Among children with T13, 5-year survival was 9.7%; among children with T18, it was 12.3%. For both trisomies, gestational age was the strongest predictor of mortality. Females and children of non-Hispanic black mothers had the lowest mortality. Omphalocele and congenital heart defects were associated with an increased risk of death for children with T18 but not T13. This study found survival among children with T13 and T18 to be somewhat higher than those previously reported in the literature, consistent with recent studies reporting improved survival following more aggressive medical intervention for these children. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Meyer
- N.C. Division of Public Health, Birth Defects Monitoring Program, State Center for Health Statistics, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York
| | - Suzanne M Gilboa
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mary K Ethen
- Texas Department of State Health Services, Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Austin, Texas
| | - Arthur S Aylsworth
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Cynthia M Powell
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Timothy J Flood
- Arizona Department of Health Services, Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Cara T Mai
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ying Wang
- New York State Department of Health, Office of Primary Care and Health System Management, Albany, New York
| | - Mark A Canfield
- Texas Department of State Health Services, Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Austin, Texas
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Bronicki L, Redin C, Drunat S, Piton A, Lyons M, Passemard S, Baumann C, Faivre L, Thevenon J, Rivière JB, Isidor B, Gan G, Francannet C, Gunel M, Jones J, Gleeson J, Willems M, Mandel JL, Stevenson RE, Friez M, Aylsworth AS. MG-112 Ten new cases further delineate the syndromic intellectual disability phenotype caused by mutations in DYRK1A. J Med Genet 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103577.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bronicki LM, Redin C, Drunat S, Piton A, Lyons M, Passemard S, Baumann C, Faivre L, Thevenon J, Rivière JB, Isidor B, Gan G, Francannet C, Willems M, Gunel M, Jones JR, Gleeson JG, Mandel JL, Stevenson RE, Friez MJ, Aylsworth AS. Ten new cases further delineate the syndromic intellectual disability phenotype caused by mutations in DYRK1A. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1482-7. [PMID: 25920557 PMCID: PMC4613470 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) gene, located on chromosome 21q22.13 within the Down syndrome critical region, has been implicated in syndromic intellectual disability associated with Down syndrome and autism. DYRK1A has a critical role in brain growth and development primarily by regulating cell proliferation, neurogenesis, neuronal plasticity and survival. Several patients have been reported with chromosome 21 aberrations such as partial monosomy, involving multiple genes including DYRK1A. In addition, seven other individuals have been described with chromosomal rearrangements, intragenic deletions or truncating mutations that disrupt specifically DYRK1A. Most of these patients have microcephaly and all have significant intellectual disability. In the present study, we report 10 unrelated individuals with DYRK1A-associated intellectual disability (ID) who display a recurrent pattern of clinical manifestations including primary or acquired microcephaly, ID ranging from mild to severe, speech delay or absence, seizures, autism, motor delay, deep-set eyes, poor feeding and poor weight gain. We identified unique truncating and non-synonymous mutations (three nonsense, four frameshift and two missense) in DYRK1A in nine patients and a large chromosomal deletion that encompassed DYRK1A in one patient. On the basis of increasing identification of mutations in DYRK1A, we suggest that this gene be considered potentially causative in patients presenting with ID, primary or acquired microcephaly, feeding problems and absent or delayed speech with or without seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Redin
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Severine Drunat
- Department of Genetics and INSERM U1141, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Piton
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de diagnostic génétique, Faculty of Medicine and CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Sandrine Passemard
- Department of Genetics and INSERM U1141, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Laurence Faivre
- Fédération Hospitalo- Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Interrégion Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
- Equipe d'Accueil 4271, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- Fédération Hospitalo- Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Interrégion Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
- Equipe d'Accueil 4271, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Rivière
- Fédération Hospitalo- Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
- Equipe d'Accueil 4271, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Plateau Technique de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Medical Genetics- Clinical Genetics Unit, CHU de Nantes, Nantes-Cedex, France
| | - Grace Gan
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Francannet
- Service de génétique médicale, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marjolaine Willems
- Department of Medical Genetics, Reference Center for Rare Diseases, Developmental Disorders and Multiple Congenital Anomalies, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Murat Gunel
- Department of Genetics and Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Department of Neurosciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Louis Mandel
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de diagnostic génétique, Faculty of Medicine and CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Arthur S Aylsworth
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Allori AC, Pien IJ, Sobol DL, Carlson AR, Watkins S, Aylsworth AS, Meyer RE, Pimenta L, Strauss R, Marcus JR. Long-Term Clinical and Holistic Outcomes in Children with Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Multidisciplinary, Mixed-Methods Approach. J Am Coll Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.07.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Aylsworth AS, Allori AC, Pimenta LA, Marcus JR, Harmsen KG, Watkins SE, Ramsey BL, Strauss RP, Meyer RE. Issues involved in the phenotypic classification of orofacial clefts ascertained through a state birth defects registry for the north carolina cleft outcomes study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 103:899-903. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur S. Aylsworth
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Alexander C. Allori
- Duke Children's Hospital and Health Center, Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, & Oral Surgery; Durham North Carolina
| | - Luiz A. Pimenta
- UNC-CH School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Ecology; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Jeffrey R. Marcus
- Duke Children's Hospital and Health Center, Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, & Oral Surgery; Durham North Carolina
| | - Katherine G. Harmsen
- North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, North Carolina Birth Defects Monitoring Program; Raleigh North Carolina
| | - Stephanie E. Watkins
- UNC-CH, Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Barry L. Ramsey
- UNC-CH, Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Ronald P. Strauss
- UNC-CH School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Ecology; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Robert E. Meyer
- North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics, North Carolina Birth Defects Monitoring Program; Raleigh North Carolina
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Olney RC, Prickett TCR, Espiner EA, Mackenzie WG, Duker AL, Ditro C, Zabel B, Hasegawa T, Kitoh H, Aylsworth AS, Bober MB. C-type natriuretic peptide plasma levels are elevated in subjects with achondroplasia, hypochondroplasia, and thanatophoric dysplasia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:E355-9. [PMID: 25387261 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a crucial regulator of endochondral bone growth. In a previous report of a child with acromesomelic dysplasia, Maroteaux type (AMDM), caused by loss-of-function of the CNP receptor (natriuretic peptide receptor-B [NPR-B]), plasma levels of CNP were elevated. In vitro studies have shown that activation of the MAPK kinase (MEK)/ERK MAPK pathway causes functional inhibition of NPR-B. Achondroplasia, hypochondroplasia, and thanatophoric dysplasia are syndromes of short-limbed dwarfism caused by activating mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor-3, which result in overactivation of the MEK/ERK MAPK pathway. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether these syndromes exhibit evidence of CNP resistance as reflected by increases in plasma CNP and its amino-terminal propeptide (NTproCNP). DESIGN This was a prospective, observational study. SUBJECTS Participants were 63 children and 20 adults with achondroplasia, 6 children with hypochondroplasia, 2 children with thanatophoric dysplasia, and 4 children and 1 adult with AMDM. RESULTS Plasma levels of CNP and NTproCNP were higher in children with achondroplasia with CNP SD scores (SDSs) of 1.0 (0.3-1.4) (median [interquartile range]) and NTproCNP SDSs of 1.4 (0.4-1.8; P < .0005). NTproCNP levels correlated with height velocity. Levels were also elevated in adults with achondroplasia (CNP SDSs of 1.5 [0.7-2.1] and NTproCNP SDSs of 0.5 [0.1-1.0], P < .005). In children with hypochondroplasia, CNP SDSs were 1.3 (0.7-1.5) (P = .08) and NTproCNP SDSs were 1.9 (1.8-2.3) (P < .05). In children with AMDM, CNP SDSs were 1.6 (1.4-3.3) and NTproCNP SDSs were 4.2 (2.7-6.2) (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS In these skeletal dysplasias, elevated plasma levels of proCNP products suggest the presence of tissue resistance to CNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Olney
- Nemours Children's Clinic (R.C.O.), Jacksonville, Florida 32207; University of Otago (T.C.R.P., E.A.E.), Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children (W.G.M., A.L.D., C.D., M.B.B.), Wilmington, Delaware 19803; University Hospital Freiburg (B.Z.), 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Keio University School of Medicine (T.H.), Tokyo 108-8345, Japan; Nagoya University School of Medicine (H.K.), Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; and University of North Carolina (A.S.A.), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-2100
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Parrott A, James J, Goldenberg P, Hinton RB, Miller E, Shikany A, Aylsworth AS, Kaiser-Rogers K, Ferns SJ, Lalani SR, Ware SM. Aortopathy in the 7q11.23 microduplication syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 167A:363-70. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Parrott
- Department of Pediatrics; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Heart Institute; Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Jeanne James
- Department of Pediatrics; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Heart Institute; Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Paula Goldenberg
- Department of Pediatrics; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Heart Institute; Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Robert B. Hinton
- Department of Pediatrics; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Heart Institute; Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Erin Miller
- Department of Pediatrics; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Heart Institute; Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Amy Shikany
- Department of Pediatrics; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Heart Institute; Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Arthur S. Aylsworth
- Department of Pediatrics; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina
- Department of Genetics; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Kathleen Kaiser-Rogers
- Department of Pediatrics; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina
- Department of Genetics; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Sunita J. Ferns
- Department of Pediatrics; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Seema R. Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston Texas
| | - Stephanie M. Ware
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical and Molecular Genetics; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis Indiana
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Abstract
Orofacial clefts (OFCs) include a broad range of facial conditions that differ in cause and disease burden. In the published literature, there is substantial ambiguity in both terminology and classification of OFCs. This article discusses the terminology and classification of OFCs and the epidemiology of OFCs. Demographic, environmental, and genetic risk factors for OFCs are described, including suggestions for family counseling. This article enables clinicians to counsel families regarding the occurrence and recurrence of OFCs. Although much of the information is detailed, it is intended to be accessible to all health professionals for use in their clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Watkins
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin Luther King Jr Boulevard, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Robert E Meyer
- Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, State Center for Health Statistics, 222 North Dawson Street, Cotton Building, Raleigh, NC 27603, USA
| | - Ronald P Strauss
- UNC Center for AIDS Research, UNC School of Dentistry, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 104 South Building, CB# 3000, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3000, USA
| | - Arthur S Aylsworth
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7487, UNC Campus, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7487, USA
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Stingone JA, Luben TJ, Daniels JL, Fuentes M, Richardson DB, Aylsworth AS, Herring AH, Anderka M, Botto L, Correa A, Gilboa SM, Langlois PH, Mosley B, Shaw GM, Siffel C, Olshan AF. Maternal exposure to criteria air pollutants and congenital heart defects in offspring: results from the national birth defects prevention study. Environ Health Perspect 2014; 122:863-72. [PMID: 24727555 PMCID: PMC4123026 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic literature suggests that exposure to air pollutants is associated with fetal development. OBJECTIVES We investigated maternal exposures to air pollutants during weeks 2-8 of pregnancy and their associations with congenital heart defects. METHODS Mothers from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a nine-state case-control study, were assigned 1-week and 7-week averages of daily maximum concentrations of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and sulfur dioxide and 24-hr measurements of fine and coarse particulate matter using the closest air monitor within 50 km to their residence during early pregnancy. Depending on the pollutant, a maximum of 4,632 live-birth controls and 3,328 live-birth, fetal-death, or electively terminated cases had exposure data. Hierarchical regression models, adjusted for maternal demographics and tobacco and alcohol use, were constructed. Principal component analysis was used to assess these relationships in a multipollutant context. RESULTS Positive associations were observed between exposure to nitrogen dioxide and coarctation of the aorta and pulmonary valve stenosis. Exposure to fine particulate matter was positively associated with hypoplastic left heart syndrome but inversely associated with atrial septal defects. Examining individual exposure-weeks suggested associations between pollutants and defects that were not observed using the 7-week average. Associations between left ventricular outflow tract obstructions and nitrogen dioxide and between hypoplastic left heart syndrome and particulate matter were supported by findings from the multipollutant analyses, although estimates were attenuated at the highest exposure levels. CONCLUSIONS Using daily maximum pollutant levels and exploring individual exposure-weeks revealed some positive associations between certain pollutants and defects and suggested potential windows of susceptibility during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette A Stingone
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Adams SD, Evans JP, Aylsworth AS. Direct-to-consumer genomic testing offers little clinical utility but appears to cause minimal harm. N C Med J 2013; 74:494-498. [PMID: 24316774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Direct-to-consumer genomic testing is available to anyone willing to pay for it. We investigated the reliability and reproducibility of such testing by sending DNA samples to 2 popular companies and by reviewing current literature on this topic. The concerns that were initially raised about direct-to- consumer genomic testing still seem valid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacie D Adams
- Corresponding author: Arthur S. Aylesworth, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7487, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Curry CJ, Rosenfeld JA, Grant E, Gripp KW, Anderson C, Aylsworth AS, Saad TB, Chizhikov VV, Dybose G, Fagerberg C, Falco M, Fels C, Fichera M, Graakjaer J, Greco D, Hair J, Hopkins E, Huggins M, Ladda R, Li C, Moeschler J, Nowaczyk MJM, Ozmore JR, Reitano S, Romano C, Roos L, Schnur RE, Sell S, Suwannarat P, Svaneby D, Szybowska M, Tarnopolsky M, Tervo R, Tsai ACH, Tucker M, Vallee S, Wheeler FC, Zand DJ, Barkovich AJ, Aradhya S, Shaffer LG, Dobyns WB. The duplication 17p13.3 phenotype: analysis of 21 families delineates developmental, behavioral and brain abnormalities, and rare variant phenotypes. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:1833-52. [PMID: 23813913 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 17p13.3 is a gene rich region that when deleted is associated with the well-known Miller-Dieker syndrome. A recently described duplication syndrome involving this region has been associated with intellectual impairment, autism and occasional brain MRI abnormalities. We report 34 additional patients from 21 families to further delineate the clinical, neurological, behavioral, and brain imaging findings. We found a highly diverse phenotype with inter- and intrafamilial variability, especially in cognitive development. The most specific phenotype occurred in individuals with large duplications that include both the YWHAE and LIS1 genes. These patients had a relatively distinct facial phenotype and frequent structural brain abnormalities involving the corpus callosum, cerebellar vermis, and cranial base. Autism spectrum disorders were seen in a third of duplication probands, most commonly in those with duplications of YWHAE and flanking genes such as CRK. The typical neurobehavioral phenotype was usually seen in those with the larger duplications. We did not confirm the association of early overgrowth with involvement of YWHAE and CRK, or growth failure with duplications of LIS1. Older patients were often overweight. Three variant phenotypes included cleft lip/palate (CLP), split hand/foot with long bone deficiency (SHFLD), and a connective tissue phenotype resembling Marfan syndrome. The duplications in patients with clefts appear to disrupt ABR, while the SHFLD phenotype was associated with duplication of BHLHA9 as noted in two recent reports. The connective tissue phenotype did not have a convincing critical region. Our experience with this large cohort expands knowledge of this diverse duplication syndrome.
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Schendel DE, Diguiseppi C, Croen LA, Fallin MD, Reed PL, Schieve LA, Wiggins LD, Daniels J, Grether J, Levy SE, Miller L, Newschaffer C, Pinto-Martin J, Robinson C, Windham GC, Alexander A, Aylsworth AS, Bernal P, Bonner JD, Blaskey L, Bradley C, Collins J, Ferretti CJ, Farzadegan H, Giarelli E, Harvey M, Hepburn S, Herr M, Kaparich K, Landa R, Lee LC, Levenseller B, Meyerer S, Rahbar MH, Ratchford A, Reynolds A, Rosenberg S, Rusyniak J, Shapira SK, Smith K, Souders M, Thompson PA, Young L, Yeargin-Allsopp M. The Study to Explore Early Development (SEED): a multisite epidemiologic study of autism by the Centers for Autism and Developmental Disabilities Research and Epidemiology (CADDRE) network. J Autism Dev Disord 2013; 42:2121-40. [PMID: 22350336 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-012-1461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Study to Explore Early Development (SEED), a multisite investigation addressing knowledge gaps in autism phenotype and etiology, aims to: (1) characterize the autism behavioral phenotype and associated developmental, medical, and behavioral conditions and (2) investigate genetic and environmental risks with emphasis on immunologic, hormonal, gastrointestinal, and sociodemographic characteristics. SEED uses a case-control design with population-based ascertainment of children aged 2-5 years with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and children in two control groups-one from the general population and one with non-ASD developmental problems. Data from parent-completed questionnaires, interviews, clinical evaluations, biospecimen sampling, and medical record abstraction focus on the prenatal and early postnatal periods. SEED is a valuable resource for testing hypotheses regarding ASD characteristics and causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana E Schendel
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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Cushion TD, Dobyns WB, Mullins JGL, Stoodley N, Chung SK, Fry AE, Hehr U, Gunny R, Aylsworth AS, Prabhakar P, Uyanik G, Rankin J, Rees MI, Pilz DT. Overlapping cortical malformations and mutations in TUBB2B and TUBA1A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 136:536-48. [PMID: 23361065 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aws338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Polymicrogyria and lissencephaly are causally heterogeneous disorders of cortical brain development, with distinct neuropathological and neuroimaging patterns. They can be associated with additional structural cerebral anomalies, and recurrent phenotypic patterns have led to identification of recognizable syndromes. The lissencephalies are usually single-gene disorders affecting neuronal migration during cerebral cortical development. Polymicrogyria has been associated with genetic and environmental causes and is considered a malformation secondary to abnormal post-migrational development. However, the aetiology in many individuals with these cortical malformations is still unknown. During the past few years, mutations in a number of neuron-specific α- and β-tubulin genes have been identified in both lissencephaly and polymicrogyria, usually associated with additional cerebral anomalies including callosal hypoplasia or agenesis, abnormal basal ganglia and cerebellar hypoplasia. The tubulin proteins form heterodimers that incorporate into microtubules, cytoskeletal structures essential for cell motility and function. In this study, we sequenced the TUBB2B and TUBA1A coding regions in 47 patients with a diagnosis of polymicrogyria and five with an atypical lissencephaly on neuroimaging. We identified four β-tubulin and two α-tubulin mutations in patients with a spectrum of cortical and extra-cortical anomalies. Dysmorphic basal ganglia with an abnormal internal capsule were the most consistent feature. One of the patients with a TUBB2B mutation had a lissencephalic phenotype, similar to that previously associated with a TUBA1A mutation. The remainder had a polymicrogyria-like cortical dysplasia, but the grey matter malformation was not typical of that seen in 'classical' polymicrogyria. We propose that the cortical malformations associated with these genes represent a recognizable tubulinopathy-associated spectrum that ranges from lissencephalic to polymicrogyric cortical dysplasias, suggesting shared pathogenic mechanisms in terms of microtubular function and interaction with microtubule-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Cushion
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
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Solomon BD, Bear KA, Wyllie A, Keaton AA, Dubourg C, David V, Mercier S, Odent S, Hehr U, Paulussen A, Clegg NJ, Delgado MR, Bale SJ, Lacbawan F, Ardinger HH, Aylsworth AS, Bhengu NL, Braddock S, Brookhyser K, Burton B, Gaspar H, Grix A, Horovitz D, Kanetzke E, Kayserili H, Lev D, Nikkel SM, Norton M, Roberts R, Saal H, Schaefer GB, Schneider A, Smith EK, Sowry E, Spence MA, Shalev SA, Steiner CE, Thompson EM, Winder TL, Balog JZ, Hadley DW, Zhou N, Pineda-Alvarez DE, Roessler E, Muenke M. Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of 396 individuals with mutations in Sonic Hedgehog. J Med Genet 2013; 49:473-9. [PMID: 22791840 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-101008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Holoprosencephaly (HPE), the most common malformation of the human forebrain, may result from mutations in over 12 genes. Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) was the first such gene discovered; mutations in SHH remain the most common cause of non-chromosomal HPE. The severity spectrum is wide, ranging from incompatibility with extrauterine life to isolated midline facial differences. OBJECTIVE To characterise genetic and clinical findings in individuals with SHH mutations. METHODS Through the National Institutes of Health and collaborating centres, DNA from approximately 2000 individuals with HPE spectrum disorders were analysed for SHH variations. Clinical details were examined and combined with published cases. RESULTS This study describes 396 individuals, representing 157 unrelated kindreds, with SHH mutations; 141 (36%) have not been previously reported. SHH mutations more commonly resulted in non-HPE (64%) than frank HPE (36%), and non-HPE was significantly more common in patients with SHH than in those with mutations in the other common HPE related genes (p<0.0001 compared to ZIC2 or SIX3). Individuals with truncating mutations were significantly more likely to have frank HPE than those with non-truncating mutations (49% vs 35%, respectively; p=0.012). While mutations were significantly more common in the N-terminus than in the C-terminus (including accounting for the relative size of the coding regions, p=0.00010), no specific genotype-phenotype correlations could be established regarding mutation location. CONCLUSIONS SHH mutations overall result in milder disease than mutations in other common HPE related genes. HPE is more frequent in individuals with truncating mutations, but clinical predictions at the individual level remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Solomon
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NationalInstitutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Montgomery ND, Turcott CM, Tepperberg JH, McDonald MT, Aylsworth AS. A 137-kb deletion within the Potocki-Shaffer syndrome interval on chromosome 11p11.2 associated with developmental delay and hypotonia. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 161A:198-202. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
Mutations of the syntaxin binding protein 1 (STXBP1) have been associated with severe infantile epileptic encephalopathies (Ohtahara syndrome and West syndrome), but also with moderate to severe cognitive impairment and nonsyndromic epilepsy. We have studied a white infant who presented with focal seizures at age 2 weeks. Brain imaging was unremarkable. The electroencephalograph (EEG) demonstrated normal background frequency content but with multifocal sharp waves and no evidence of the typical patterns associated with Ohtahara or West syndrome. Therapy with levetiracetam and oxcarbazepine effectively managed the seizure episodes. Investigation of genes associated with infantile forms of epilepsy such as SCN1A, SCN1B, and ARX were negative, but we identified a novel single-nucleotide duplication mutation, c.931dupT (p.S311FfsX3), in exon 11 of the STXBP1 gene. This previously unreported STXBP1 mutation in a subject with neonatal-onset focal seizures broadens the spectrum of clinically relevant human disorders caused by STXBP1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Vatta
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, TX 77030, USA.
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40
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Ballif BC, Rosenfeld JA, Traylor R, Theisen A, Bader PI, Ladda RL, Sell SL, Steinraths M, Surti U, McGuire M, Williams S, Farrell SA, Filiano J, Schnur RE, Coffey LB, Tervo RC, Stroud T, Marble M, Netzloff M, Hanson K, Aylsworth AS, Bamforth JS, Babu D, Niyazov DM, Ravnan JB, Schultz RA, Lamb AN, Torchia BS, Bejjani BA, Shaffer LG. High-resolution array CGH defines critical regions and candidate genes for microcephaly, abnormalities of the corpus callosum, and seizure phenotypes in patients with microdeletions of 1q43q44. Hum Genet 2011; 131:145-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-011-1073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Abstract
Phenotypic and clinical features of individuals with ring chromosome 18 [r(18)] vary with the extent of deletion of the short (18p-) or long arm (18q-). Most patients with r(18), therefore, demonstrate a clinical spectrum of both 18p- and 18q- deletions. Short stature, microcephaly, mental and motor retardation, craniofacial dysmorphism and extremity abnormalities are the most commonly reported features in patients with r(18). Abnormalities of chromosome 18, especially 18p- syndrome, are often reported with autoimmune thyroid disease and growth hormone deficiency, but reports of endocrine abnormalities associated with r(18) are rare. Here, we report a case of an African-American female with hyperthyroidism, type 1 diabetes mellitus, vitiligo and IgA deficiency associated with a r(18) chromosome complement. This patient additionally had mild intellectual disability and dysmorphic features. Karyotype analysis showed a de novo ring chromosome 18 (deletion 18q23-18qter and deletion 18p11.3-18pter). Although this unique association of autoimmune polyglandular endocrinopathy with ring chromosome 18 could be coincidental, we speculate that a gene or genes on chromosome 18 might play a role in the autoimmune process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, CB#7039, 3341 MBRB, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-703, USA.
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Haeri S, Devers PL, Kaiser-Rogers KA, Moylan VJ, Torchia BS, Horton AL, Wolfe HM, Aylsworth AS. Deletion of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1-beta in an infant with prune belly syndrome. Am J Perinatol 2010; 27:559-63. [PMID: 20175044 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1248943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Prune belly syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by deficiency of abdominal wall muscles, cryptorchidism, and urinary tract anomalies. We have had the opportunity to study a baby with prune belly syndrome associated with an apparently de novo 1.3-megabase interstitial 17q12 microdeletion that includes the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1-beta gene at 17q12. One previous patient, an adult, has been reported with prune belly syndrome and a hepatocyte nuclear factor-1-beta microdeletion. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1-beta is a widely expressed transcription factor that regulates tissue-specific gene expression and is expressed in numerous tissues including mesonephric duct derivatives, the renal tubule of the metanephros, and the developing prostate of the mouse. Mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor-1-beta cause the "renal cysts and diabetes syndrome," isolated renal cystic dysplasia, and a variety of other malformations. Based on its expression pattern and the observation of two affected cases, we propose that haploinsufficiency of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1-beta may be causally related to the production of the prune belly syndrome phenotype through a mechanism of prostatic and ureteral hypoplasia that results in severe obstructive uropathy with urinary tract and abdominal distension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Haeri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7516, USA.
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Gallione C, Aylsworth AS, Beis J, Berk T, Bernhardt B, Clark RD, Clericuzio C, Danesino C, Drautz J, Fahl J, Fan Z, Faughnan ME, Ganguly A, Garvie J, Henderson K, Kini U, Leedom T, Ludman M, Lux A, Maisenbacher M, Mazzucco S, Olivieri C, Ploos van Amstel JK, Prigoda-Lee N, Pyeritz RE, Reardon W, Vandezande K, Waldman JD, White RI, Williams CA, Marchuk DA. Overlapping spectra of SMAD4 mutations in juvenile polyposis (JP) and JP-HHT syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:333-9. [PMID: 20101697 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile polyposis (JP) and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) are clinically distinct diseases caused by mutations in SMAD4 and BMPR1A (for JP) and endoglin and ALK1 (for HHT). Recently, a combined syndrome of JP-HHT was described that is also caused by mutations in SMAD4. Although both JP and JP-HHT are caused by SMAD4 mutations, a possible genotype:phenotype correlation was noted as all of the SMAD4 mutations in the JP-HHT patients were clustered in the COOH-terminal MH2 domain of the protein. If valid, this correlation would provide a molecular explanation for the phenotypic differences, as well as a pre-symptomatic diagnostic test to distinguish patients at risk for the overlapping but different clinical features of the disorders. In this study, we collected 19 new JP-HHT patients from which we identified 15 additional SMAD4 mutations. We also reviewed the literature for other reports of JP patients with HHT symptoms with confirmed SMAD4 mutations. Our combined results show that although the SMAD4 mutations in JP-HHT patients do show a tendency to cluster in the MH2 domain, mutations in other parts of the gene also cause the combined syndrome. Thus, any mutation in SMAD4 can cause JP-HHT. Any JP patient with a SMAD4 mutation is, therefore, at risk for the visceral manifestations of HHT and any HHT patient with SMAD4 mutation is at risk for early onset gastrointestinal cancer. In conclusion, a patient who tests positive for any SMAD4 mutation must be considered at risk for the combined syndrome of JP-HHT and monitored accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Gallione
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Rosenfeld JA, Ballif BC, Martin DM, Aylsworth AS, Bejjani BA, Torchia BS, Shaffer LG. Clinical characterization of individuals with deletions of genes in holoprosencephaly pathways by aCGH refines the phenotypic spectrum of HPE. Hum Genet 2010; 127:421-40. [PMID: 20066439 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is the most common developmental forebrain anomaly in humans. Both environmental and genetic factors have been identified to play a role in the HPE phenotype. Previous studies of the genetic bases of HPE have taken a phenotype-first approach by examining groups of patients with HPE for specific mutations or deletions in known or candidate HPE genes. In this study, we characterized the presence or absence of HPE or a microform in 136 individuals in which microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) identified a deletion of one of 35 HPE loci. Frank holoprosencephaly was present in 11 individuals with deletions of one of the common HPE genes SHH, ZIC2, SIX3, and TGIF1, in one individual with a deletion of the HPE8 locus at 14q13, and in one individual with a deletion of FGF8, whereas deletions of other HPE loci and candidate genes (FOXA2 and LRP2) expressed microforms of HPE. Although individuals with deletions of other HPE candidates (DISP1, LSS, HHIP, SMO, BMP4, CDON, CDC42, ACVR2A, OTX2, and WIF1) had clinically significant features, none had frank HPE or a microform. A search for significant aCGH findings in individuals referred for testing for HPE revealed a novel association of a duplication involving GSK3B at 3q13.33 with HPE or a microform, seen in two unrelated individuals.
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Slickers JE, Olshan AF, Siega-Riz AM, Honein MA, Aylsworth AS. Maternal body mass index and lifestyle exposures and the risk of bilateral renal agenesis or hypoplasia: the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Am J Epidemiol 2008; 168:1259-67. [PMID: 18835865 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwn248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased maternal body mass index, maternal smoking, and alcohol exposure during pregnancy have been inconsistently reported as potential risk factors for renal birth defects. The low incidence of the most severe renal anomaly, bilateral renal agenesis or hypoplasia (RA/H), has limited the ability to study this fatal defect. Using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multicenter case-control study, the authors explored potential relations between RA/H and maternal body mass index, smoking, alcohol, and caffeine exposures. Data available for 75 infants with RA/H born between 1997 and 2003 and for randomly selected control infants without known birth defects (n = 868) were assessed by a model adjusted for folic acid use, all four exposures of interest, and study center. Bilateral RA/H was associated with a body mass index of greater than 30 kg/m(2) prior to pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00, 3.67), smoking during the periconceptional period (aOR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.08, 4.03), and binge drinking during the second month of pregnancy (aOR = 3.64, 95% CI: 1.19, 11.1). These results support the need for further exploration into the potential mechanisms by which such exposures could interfere with early fetal kidney formation resulting in RA/H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Slickers
- UNC Kidney Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Stamm DS, Powell CM, Stajich JM, Zismann VL, Stephan DA, Chesnut B, Aylsworth AS, Kahler SG, Deak KL, Gilbert JR, Speer MC. Novel congenital myopathy locus identified in Native American Indians at 12q13.13-14.1. Neurology 2008; 71:1764-9. [PMID: 18843099 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000325060.16532.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Native American myopathy (NAM) is an autosomal recessive congenital myopathy first reported in the Lumbee Indian people. Features of NAM include congenital weakness, cleft palate, ptosis, short stature, and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia provoked by anesthesia. METHOD We identified five individuals with NAM from the Lumbee population, and hypothesized that these affected individuals have disease alleles shared identical-by-descent inherited from common ancestry. To identify a NAM disease locus, homozygosity mapping methods were employed on a genomewide 10K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) screen. To confirm regions of homozygosity identified in the SNP screen, microsatellite repeat markers were genotyped within those homozygous segments. RESULTS The SNP data demonstrated five regions of shared homozygosity in individuals with NAM. The additional genotyping data narrowed the region to one common segment of homozygosity spanning D12S398 to rs3842936 mapping to 12q13.13-14.1. Notably, loss of heterozygosity estimates from the SNP data also detected this same 12q region in the affected individuals. CONCLUSION This study reports the first gene mapping of Native American myopathy (NAM) using single-nucleotide polymorphism-based homozygosity mapping in only a few affected individuals from simplex families and identified a novel NAM locus. Identifying the genetic basis of NAM may suggest new genetic etiologies for other more common conditions such as congenital myopathy and malignant hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Stamm
- Center for Human Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3445, 595 LaSalle Street, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Kranz C, Basinger AA, Güçsavaş-Calikoğlu M, Sun L, Powell CM, Henderson FW, Aylsworth AS, Freeze HH. Expanding spectrum of congenital disorder of glycosylation Ig (CDG-Ig): sibs with a unique skeletal dysplasia, hypogammaglobulinemia, cardiomyopathy, genital malformations, and early lethality. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 143A:1371-8. [PMID: 17506107 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we describe a brother and sister who presented at birth with short-limb skeletal dysplasia, polyhydramnios, prematurity, and generalized edema. Dysmorphic features included broad nose, thick ears, thin lips, micrognathia, inverted nipples, ulnar deviation at the wrists, spatulate fingers, fifth finger camptodactyly, nail hypoplasia, and talipes equinovarus. Other features included short stature, microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, B-cell lymphopenic hypogammaglobulinemia, sensorineural deafness, retinal detachment and blindness, intestinal malrotation with poor gastrointestinal motility, persistent hyponatremia, intermittent hypoglycemia, and thrombocytopenia. Cardiac anomalies included PDA, VSD, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmias. The brother had a small penis with hypospadias, hypoplastic scrotum, and non-palpable testes. Skeletal findings included absent ossification of cervical vertebral bodies, pubic bones, knee epiphyses, and tali. Both sibs died before age 2 years, one of overwhelming sepsis and the other of cardiorespiratory failure associated with her cardiomyopathy. Metabolic studies showed a type 1 pattern of abnormal serum transferrin glycosylation. Fibroblasts synthesized truncated LLOs, primarily Man(7)GlcNAc(2), suggestive of CDG-Ig. Both sibs were compound heterozygotes for a novel 301 G > A (G101R) mutation and a previously described 437 G > A (R146Q) mutation in ALG12. Congenital disorders of glycosylation should be considered for children with undiagnosed multi-system disease including neurodevelopmental delay, skeletal dysplasia, immune deficiency, male genital hypoplasia, and cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kranz
- Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California, USA
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Shaffer LG, Theisen A, Bejjani BA, Ballif BC, Aylsworth AS, Lim C, McDonald M, Ellison JW, Kostiner D, Saitta S, Shaikh T. The discovery of microdeletion syndromes in the post-genomic era: review of the methodology and characterization of a new 1q41q42 microdeletion syndrome. Genet Med 2007; 9:607-16. [PMID: 17873649 DOI: 10.1097/gim.0b013e3181484b49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The advent of molecular cytogenetic technologies has altered the means by which new microdeletion syndromes are identified. Whereas the cytogenetic basis of microdeletion syndromes has traditionally depended on the serendipitous ascertainment of a patient with established clinical features and a chromosomal rearrangement visible by G-banding, comparative genomic hybridization using microarrays has enabled the identification of novel, recurrent imbalances in patients with mental retardation and apparently nonspecific features. Compared with the "phenotype-first" approach of traditional cytogenetics, array-based comparative genomic hybridization has enabled the detection of novel genomic disorders using a "genotype-first" approach. We report as an illustrative example the characterization of a novel microdeletion syndrome of 1q41q42. METHODS We tested more than 10,000 patients with developmental disabilities by array-based comparative genomic hybridization using our targeted microarray. High-resolution microarray analysis was performed using oligonucleotide microarrays for patients in whom deletions of 1q41q42 were identified. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed to confirm all 1q deletions in the patients and to exclude deletions or other chromosomal rearrangements in the parents. RESULTS Seven cases were found with de novo deletions of 1q41q42. The smallest region of overlap is 1.17 Mb and encompasses five genes, including DISP1, a gene involved in the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway, the deletion of which has been implicated in holoprosencephaly in mice. Although none of these patients showed frank holoprosencephaly, many had other midline defects (cleft palate, diaphragmatic hernia), seizures, and mental retardation or developmental delay. Dysmorphic features are present in all patients at varying degrees. Some patients showed more severe phenotypes and carry the clinical diagnosis of Fryns syndrome. CONCLUSIONS This new microdeletion syndrome with its variable clinical presentation may be responsible for a proportion of Fryns syndrome patients and adds to the increasing number of new syndromes identified with array-based comparative genomic hybridization. The genotype-first approach to identifying recurrent chromosome abnormalities is contrasted with the traditional phenotype-first approach. Targeting developmental pathways in a functional approach to diagnostics may lead to the identification of additional microdeletion syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa G Shaffer
- Health Research and Education Center, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA.
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Scanga L, Chaing S, Powell C, Aylsworth AS, Harrell LJ, Henshaw NG, Civalier CJ, Thorne LB, Weck K, Booker J, Gulley ML. Diagnosis of human congenital cytomegalovirus infection by amplification of viral DNA from dried blood spots on perinatal cards. J Mol Diagn 2006; 8:240-5. [PMID: 16645211 PMCID: PMC1867599 DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2006.050075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection affects 1% of children and is the most common infectious cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Due to the difficulty of diagnosing deafness and other neurological disorders in infants, affected individuals may not be recognized until much later when active infection has resolved and culture is no longer informative. To overcome this problem, congenital HCMV infection was diagnosed retrospectively by testing residual blood samples collected from newborns and dried on perinatal cards as part of the North Carolina Newborn Screening Program. We modified the Qiagen method for purifying DNA from dried blood spots to increase the sample size and recovery of the lysate. A multiplex, real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction assay on an ABI 7900 instrument measured a highly conserved segment of the HCMV polymerase gene and the APOB human control gene. HCMV DNA was detected in blood dried on perinatal cards from all seven infants with culture-proven congenital infection, and all 24 negative control cases lacked detectable HCMV DNA. Our findings suggest that it is possible to diagnose congenital HCMV infection using dried blood collected up to 20 months earlier. Further studies are warranted on patients with hearing loss or other neurological deficits to determine the percentage that is attributable to congenital HCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Scanga
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-7525, USA
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50
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Smith AC, Rubin T, Shuman C, Estabrooks L, Aylsworth AS, McDonald MT, Steele L, Ray PN, Weksberg R. New chromosome 11p15 epigenotypes identified in male monozygotic twins with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 113:313-7. [PMID: 16575195 DOI: 10.1159/000090847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2005] [Accepted: 08/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is an overgrowth syndrome demonstrating heterogeneous molecular alterations of two imprinted domains on chromosome 11p15. The most common molecular alterations include loss of methylation at the proximal imprinting center, IC2, paternal uniparental disomy (UPD) of chromosome 11p15 and hypermethylation at the distal imprinting center, IC1. An increased incidence of female monozygotic twins discordant for BWS has been reported. The molecular basis for eleven such female twin pairs has been demonstrated to be a loss of methylation at IC2, whereas only one male monozygotic twin pair has been reported with this molecular defect. We report here two new pairs of male monozygotic twins. One pair is discordant for BWS; the affected twin exhibits paternal UPD for chromosome 11p15 whereas the unaffected twin does not. The second male twin pair is concordant for BWS and both twins of the pair demonstrate hypermethylation at IC1. Thus, this report expands the known molecular etiologies for BWS twins. Interestingly, these findings demonstrate a new epigenotype-phenotype correlation in BWS twins. That is, while female monozygotic twins with BWS are likely to show loss of imprinting at IC2, male monozygotic twins with BWS reflect the molecular heterogeneity seen in BWS singletons. These data underscore the need for molecular testing in BWS twins, especially in view of the known differences among 11p15 epigenotypes with respect to tumor risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Smith
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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