1
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Kazim N, Yen A. Role for Fgr and Numb in retinoic acid-induced differentiation and G0 arrest of non-APL AML cells. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1147-1164. [PMID: 34136084 PMCID: PMC8202776 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a fundamental regulator of cell cycle and cell differentiation. Using a leukemic patient-derived in vitro model of a non-APL AML, we previously found that RA evokes activation of a macromolecular signaling complex, a signalosome, built of numerous MAPK-pathway-related signaling molecules; and this signaling enabled Retinoic-Acid-Response-Elements (RAREs) to regulate gene expression that results in cell differentiation/cell cycle arrest. Toward mechanistic insight into the nature of this novel signaling, we now find that the NUMB cell fate determinant protein is an apparent scaffold for the signalosome. Numb exists in the cell bound to an ensemble of signalosome molecules, including Raf, Lyn, Slp-76, and Vav. Addition of RA induces the expression of Fgr. Fgr binds NUMB, which is associated with (p-tyr)phosphorylation of NUMB and enhanced NUMB-binding and (p-tyr)phosphorylation of select signalosome components, thereby betraying signalosome activation. Signalosome activation is associated with cell differentiation along the myeloid lineage and G1/0 cell cycle arrest. If RA-induced Fgr expression is ablated by a CRISPR-KO; then the RA-induced (p-tyr) phosphorylation of NUMB and enhanced NUMB-binding and (p-tyr)phosphorylation of select signalosome components are lost. The cells now fail to undergo RA-induced differentiation or G1/0 arrest. In sum we find that NUMB acts as a scaffold for a signaling machine that functions to propel RA-induced differentiation and G1/0 arrest, and that Fgr binding to NUMB turns the function on. The Numb fate determinant protein thus appears to regulate the retinoic acid embryonic morphogen using the Fgr Src-Family-Kinase. These mechanistic insights suggest therapeutic targets for a hitherto incurable AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Kazim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Andrew Yen
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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2
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Lam SD, Babu MM, Lees J, Orengo CA. Biological impact of mutually exclusive exon switching. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008708. [PMID: 33651795 PMCID: PMC7954323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing can expand the diversity of proteomes. Homologous mutually exclusive exons (MXEs) originate from the same ancestral exon and result in polypeptides with similar structural properties but altered sequence. Why would some genes switch homologous exons and what are their biological impact? Here, we analyse the extent of sequence, structural and functional variability in MXEs and report the first large scale, structure-based analysis of the biological impact of MXE events from different genomes. MXE-specific residues tend to map to single domains, are highly enriched in surface exposed residues and cluster at or near protein functional sites. Thus, MXE events are likely to maintain the protein fold, but alter specificity and selectivity of protein function. This comprehensive resource of MXE events and their annotations is available at: http://gene3d.biochem.ucl.ac.uk/mxemod/. These findings highlight how small, but significant changes at critical positions on a protein surface are exploited in evolution to alter function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Datt Lam
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (SDL); (JL); (CO)
| | - M. Madan Babu
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Structural Biology and Center for Data Driven Discovery, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Lees
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SDL); (JL); (CO)
| | - Christine A. Orengo
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SDL); (JL); (CO)
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3
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Gonzalez C. Centrosomes in asymmetric cell division. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 66:178-182. [PMID: 33279730 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is a strategy for achieving cell diversity. Research carried out over the last two decades has shown that in some cell types that divide asymmetrically, mother and daughter centrosomes are noticeably different from one another in structure, behaviour, and fate, and that robust ACD depends upon centrosome function. Here, I review the latest advances in this field with special emphasis on the complex structure-function relationship of centrosomes with regards to ACD and on mechanistic insight derived from cell types that divide symmetrically but is likely to be relevant in ACD. I also include a comment arguing for the need to investigate the centrosome cycle in other cell types that divide asymmetrically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cayetano Gonzalez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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4
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Moutal A, White KA, Chefdeville A, Laufmann RN, Vitiello PF, Feinstein D, Weimer JM, Khanna R. Dysregulation of CRMP2 Post-Translational Modifications Drive Its Pathological Functions. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6736-6755. [PMID: 30915713 PMCID: PMC6728212 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are a family of ubiquitously expressed, homologous phosphoproteins best known for coordinating cytoskeletal formation and regulating cellular division, migration, polarity, and synaptic connection. CRMP2, the most studied of the five family members, is best known for its affinity for tubulin heterodimers and function in regulating the microtubule network. These functions are tightly regulated by post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, SUMOylation, oxidation, and O-GlcNAcylation. While CRMP2's physiological functions rely mostly on its non-phosphorylated state, dysregulation of CRMP2 phosphorylation and SUMOylation has been reported to be involved in the pathophysiology of multiple diseases including cancer, chronic pain, spinal cord injury, neurofibromatosis type 1, and others. Here, we provide a consolidated update on what is known about CRMP2 signaling and function, first focusing on axonal growth and neuronal polarity, then illustrating the link between dysregulated CRMP2 post-translational modifications and diseases. We additionally discuss the roles of CRMP2 in non-neuronal cells, both in the CNS and regions of the periphery. Finally, we offer thoughts on the therapeutic implications of modulating CRMP2 function in a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Katherine A White
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60th St N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Aude Chefdeville
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Rachel N Laufmann
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60th St N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Peter F Vitiello
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Douglas Feinstein
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60th St N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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5
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A genetic mosaic screen identifies genes modulating Notch signaling in Drosophila. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203781. [PMID: 30235233 PMCID: PMC6147428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is conserved in most multicellular organisms and plays critical roles during animal development. The core components and major signal transduction mechanism of Notch signaling have been extensively studied. However, our understanding of how Notch signaling activity is regulated in diverse developmental processes still remains incomplete. Here, we report a genetic mosaic screen in Drosophila melanogaster that leads to identification of Notch signali ng modulators during wing development. We discovered a group of genes required for the formation of the fly wing margin, a developmental process that is strictly dependent on the balanced Notch signaling activity. These genes encode transcription factors, protein phosphatases, vacuolar ATPases and factors required for RNA transport, stability, and translation. Our data support the view that Notch signaling is controlled through a wide range of molecular processes. These results also provide foundations for further study by showing that Me31B and Wdr62 function as two novel modulators of Notch signaling activity.
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6
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Roque H, Saurya S, Pratt MB, Johnson E, Raff JW. Drosophila PLP assembles pericentriolar clouds that promote centriole stability, cohesion and MT nucleation. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007198. [PMID: 29425198 PMCID: PMC5823460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericentrin is a conserved centrosomal protein whose dysfunction has been linked to several human diseases. It has been implicated in many aspects of centrosome and cilia function, but its precise role is unclear. Here, we examine Drosophila Pericentrin-like-protein (PLP) function in vivo in tissues that form both centrosomes and cilia. Plp mutant centrioles exhibit four major defects: (1) They are short and have subtle structural abnormalities; (2) They disengage prematurely, and so overduplicate; (3) They organise fewer cytoplasmic MTs during interphase; (4) When forming cilia, they fail to establish and/or maintain a proper connection to the plasma membrane—although, surprisingly, they can still form an axoneme-like structure that can recruit transition zone (TZ) proteins. We show that PLP helps assemble “pericentriolar clouds” of electron-dense material that emanate from the central cartwheel spokes and spread outward to surround the mother centriole. We propose that the partial loss of these structures may largely explain the complex centriole, centrosome and cilium defects we observe in Plp mutant cells. Centrioles are complex, microtubule (MT) based structures that organise two important cell organelles, the centrosome and the cilium. The centrosome is a major MT organising centre in many cell types, while the cilium functions as a cellular “antenna” responsible for regulating several cellular signalling pathways. Pericentrin is conserved centriole-binding protein that plays an important part in centrosome and cilium function, and mutations in the Pericentrin gene are linked to several human diseases. Here we use the fruit-fly Drosophila melanogaster to investigate how Pericentrin-Like-Protein (the fly homolog of Pericentrin) contributes to centriole, centrosome and cilium function. We find that Plp mutant fly centrioles have subtle structural defects, organize less microtubules, and do not properly migrate to the cell membrane to form cilia. We also observe that PLP helps assemble “pericentriolar clouds”—dense structures that emanate from the centriole, and appear to interact with microtubules, as well as connect existing centrioles to newly formed ones. In mutant flies these structures are significantly reduced in size. We propose that the defects in these PLP structures can explain most, if not all, the complex defects observed in Plp mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helio Roque
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Saroj Saurya
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Metta B. Pratt
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Errin Johnson
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan W. Raff
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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7
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Bosveld F, Ainslie A, Bellaïche Y. Sequential activities of Dynein, Mud and Asp in centrosome-spindle coupling maintain centrosome number upon mitosis. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3557-3567. [PMID: 28864767 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.201350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes nucleate microtubules and are tightly coupled to the bipolar spindle to ensure genome integrity, cell division orientation and centrosome segregation. While the mechanisms of centrosome-dependent microtubule nucleation and bipolar spindle assembly have been the focus of numerous works, less is known about the mechanisms ensuring the centrosome-spindle coupling. The conserved NuMA protein (Mud in Drosophila) is best known for its role in spindle orientation. Here, we analyzed the role of Mud and two of its interactors, Asp and Dynein, in the regulation of centrosome numbers in Drosophila epithelial cells. We found that Dynein and Mud mainly initiate centrosome-spindle coupling prior to nuclear envelope breakdown (NEB) by promoting correct centrosome positioning or separation, while Asp acts largely independently of Dynein and Mud to maintain centrosome-spindle coupling. Failure in the centrosome-spindle coupling leads to mis-segregation of the two centrosomes into one daughter cell, resulting in cells with supernumerary centrosomes during subsequent divisions. Altogether, we propose that Dynein, Mud and Asp operate sequentially during the cell cycle to ensure efficient centrosome-spindle coupling in mitosis, thereby preventing centrosome mis-segregation to maintain centrosome number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris Bosveld
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 75248 Paris, France .,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anna Ainslie
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 75248 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yohanns Bellaïche
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 75248 Paris, France .,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 75005 Paris, France
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8
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Yang Z, Li PF, Chen RC, Wang J, Wang S, Shen Y, Wu X, Fang B, Cheng X, Xiong ZQ. ADAM10-Initiated Release of Notch Intracellular Domain Regulates Microtubule Stability and Radial Migration of Cortical Neurons. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:919-932. [PMID: 28158408 PMCID: PMC6093323 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper neuronal migration is orchestrated by combined membrane signal paradigms, whereas the role and mechanism of regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) remain to be illustrated. We show here that the disintegrin and metalloprotease-domain containing protein 10 (ADAM10) regulates cortical neurons migration by initiating the RIP of Notch. We found that Notch intracellular domain (NICD) significantly rescued the migration defect of ADAM10-deficient neurons. Moreover, ADAM10 deficiency led to reduced neuronal motility and disrupted microtubule (MT) structure, which were associated with downregulated expression of acetylated tubulin and MT-associated proteins. Specifically, the NICD/RBPJ complex bound directly to the promoter, and regulated the neuronal expression level of doublecortin (DCX), a modulator of the MT cytoskeleton. Functionally, DCX overexpression largely restored neuron motility and reversed migration defect caused by ADAM10 knockout. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the direct requirement of ADAM10 in cortical radial migration and reveal the underlying mechanism by linking ADAM10-initiated RIP of Notch to the regulation of MT cytoskeleton through transcriptional control of Dcx expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ren-Chao Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaoran Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ya Shen
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bing Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xuewen Cheng
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Xiong
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Derivery E, Seum C, Daeden A, Loubéry S, Holtzer L, Jülicher F, Gonzalez-Gaitan M. Polarized endosome dynamics by spindle asymmetry during asymmetric cell division. Nature 2016; 528:280-5. [PMID: 26659188 DOI: 10.1038/nature16443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During asymmetric division, fate determinants at the cell cortex segregate unequally into the two daughter cells. It has recently been shown that Sara (Smad anchor for receptor activation) signalling endosomes in the cytoplasm also segregate asymmetrically during asymmetric division. Biased dispatch of Sara endosomes mediates asymmetric Notch/Delta signalling during the asymmetric division of sensory organ precursors in Drosophila. In flies, this has been generalized to stem cells in the gut and the central nervous system, and, in zebrafish, to neural precursors of the spinal cord. However, the mechanism of asymmetric endosome segregation is not understood. Here we show that the plus-end kinesin motor Klp98A targets Sara endosomes to the central spindle, where they move bidirectionally on an antiparallel array of microtubules. The microtubule depolymerizing kinesin Klp10A and its antagonist Patronin generate central spindle asymmetry. This asymmetric spindle, in turn, polarizes endosome motility, ultimately causing asymmetric endosome dispatch into one daughter cell. We demonstrate this mechanism by inverting the polarity of the central spindle by polar targeting of Patronin using nanobodies (single-domain antibodies). This spindle inversion targets the endosomes to the wrong cell. Our data uncover the molecular and physical mechanism by which organelles localized away from the cellular cortex can be dispatched asymmetrically during asymmetric division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Derivery
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Carole Seum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Alicia Daeden
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Loubéry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Holtzer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Frank Jülicher
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcos Gonzalez-Gaitan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
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10
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De Zio D, Molinari F, Rizza S, Gatta L, Ciotti MT, Salvatore AM, Mathiassen SG, Cwetsch AW, Filomeni G, Rosano G, Ferraro E. Apaf1-deficient cortical neurons exhibit defects in axonal outgrowth. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4173-91. [PMID: 25975226 PMCID: PMC11113842 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1927-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of neuronal polarity and axonal outgrowth are key processes affecting neuronal migration and synapse formation, their impairment likely leading to cognitive deficits. Here we have found that the apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (Apaf1), apart from its canonical role in apoptosis, plays an additional function in cortical neurons, where its deficiency specifically impairs axonal growth. Given the central role played by centrosomes and microtubules in the polarized extension of the axon, our data suggest that Apaf1-deletion affects axonal outgrowth through an impairment of centrosome organization. In line with this, centrosomal protein expression, as well as their centrosomal localization proved to be altered upon Apaf1-deletion. Strikingly, we also found that Apaf1-loss affects trans-Golgi components and leads to a robust activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), this confirming the stressful conditions induced by Apaf1-deficiency. Since AMPK hyper-phosphorylation is known to impair a proper axon elongation, our finding contributes to explain the effect of Apaf1-deficiency on axogenesis. We also discovered that the signaling pathways mediating axonal growth and involving glycogen synthase kinase-3β, liver kinase B1, and collapsing-response mediator protein-2 are altered in Apaf1-KO neurons. Overall, our results reveal a novel non-apoptotic role for Apaf1 in axonal outgrowth, suggesting that the neuronal phenotype due to Apaf1-deletion could not only be fully ascribed to apoptosis inhibition, but might also be the result of defects in axogenesis. The discovery of new molecules involved in axonal elongation has a clinical relevance since it might help to explain neurological abnormalities occurring during early brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela De Zio
- Department of Biology, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Francesca Molinari
- Laboratory of Skeletal Muscle Development and Metabolism, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rizza
- Department of Biology, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lucia Gatta
- Laboratory of Skeletal Muscle Development and Metabolism, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Ciotti
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Salvatore
- Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Søs Grønbæk Mathiassen
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrzej W Cwetsch
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Department of Biology, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Rosano
- Laboratory of Skeletal Muscle Development and Metabolism, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferraro
- Laboratory of Skeletal Muscle Development and Metabolism, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, Rome, Italy.
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11
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Christophorou N, Rubin T, Bonnet I, Piolot T, Arnaud M, Huynh JR. Microtubule-driven nuclear rotations promote meiotic chromosome dynamics. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:1388-400. [PMID: 26458247 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
At the onset of meiosis, each chromosome needs to find its homologue and pair to ensure proper segregation. In Drosophila, pairing occurs during the mitotic cycles preceding meiosis. Here we show that germ cell nuclei undergo marked movements during this developmental window. We demonstrate that microtubules and Dynein are driving nuclear rotations and are required for centromere pairing and clustering. We further found that Klaroid (SUN) and Klarsicht (KASH) co-localize with centromeres at the nuclear envelope and are required for proper chromosome motions and pairing. We identified Mud (NuMA in vertebrates) as co-localizing with centromeres, Klarsicht and Klaroid. Mud is also required to maintain the integrity of the nuclear envelope and for the correct assembly of the synaptonemal complex. Our findings reveal a mechanism for chromosome pairing in Drosophila, and indicate that microtubules, centrosomes and associated proteins play a crucial role in the dynamic organization of chromosomes inside the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Christophorou
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, F-75248 Paris, France.,CNRS UMR3215, Inserm, U934 F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Rubin
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, F-75248 Paris, France.,CNRS UMR3215, Inserm, U934 F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Bonnet
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie, Institut Curie, F-75248 Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 168, UPMC, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Tristan Piolot
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, F-75248 Paris, France.,CNRS UMR3215, Inserm, U934 F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Marion Arnaud
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, F-75248 Paris, France.,CNRS UMR3215, Inserm, U934 F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Jean-René Huynh
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, F-75248 Paris, France.,CNRS UMR3215, Inserm, U934 F-75248 Paris, France
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12
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Moutal A, Honnorat J, Massoma P, Désormeaux P, Bertrand C, Malleval C, Watrin C, Chounlamountri N, Mayeur ME, Besançon R, Naudet N, Magadoux L, Khanna R, Ducray F, Meyronet D, Thomasset N. CRMP5 Controls Glioblastoma Cell Proliferation and Survival through Notch-Dependent Signaling. Cancer Res 2015; 75:3519-28. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Arbeille E, Reynaud F, Sanyas I, Bozon M, Kindbeiter K, Causeret F, Pierani A, Falk J, Moret F, Castellani V. Cerebrospinal fluid-derived Semaphorin3B orients neuroepithelial cell divisions in the apicobasal axis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6366. [PMID: 25721514 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The spatial orientation of cell divisions is fundamental for tissue architecture and homeostasis. Here we analysed neuroepithelial progenitors in the developing mouse spinal cord to determine whether extracellular signals orient the mitotic spindle. We report that Semaphorin3B (Sema3B) released from the floor plate and the nascent choroid plexus in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) controls progenitor division orientation. Delivery of exogenous Sema3B to neural progenitors after neural tube opening in living embryos promotes planar orientation of their division. Preventing progenitor access to cues present in the CSF by genetically engineered canal obstruction affects the proportion of planar and oblique divisions. Sema3B knockout phenocopies the loss of progenitor access to the CSF. Sema3B binds to the apical surface of mitotic progenitors and exerts its effect via Neuropilin receptors, GSK3 activation and subsequent inhibition of the microtubule stabilizer CRMP2. Thus, extrinsic control mediated by the Semaphorin signalling orients progenitor divisions in neurogenic zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Arbeille
- University of Lyon, University of Lyon1, CGΦMC, UMR CNRS 5534, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Florie Reynaud
- University of Lyon, University of Lyon1, CGΦMC, UMR CNRS 5534, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Isabelle Sanyas
- University of Lyon, University of Lyon1, CGΦMC, UMR CNRS 5534, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Muriel Bozon
- University of Lyon, University of Lyon1, CGΦMC, UMR CNRS 5534, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Karine Kindbeiter
- University of Lyon, University of Lyon1, CGΦMC, UMR CNRS 5534, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Frédéric Causeret
- CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Pierani
- CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Julien Falk
- University of Lyon, University of Lyon1, CGΦMC, UMR CNRS 5534, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Frédéric Moret
- University of Lyon, University of Lyon1, CGΦMC, UMR CNRS 5534, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Valérie Castellani
- University of Lyon, University of Lyon1, CGΦMC, UMR CNRS 5534, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
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14
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Schweisguth F. Asymmetric cell division in the Drosophila bristle lineage: from the polarization of sensory organ precursor cells to Notch-mediated binary fate decision. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 4:299-309. [PMID: 25619594 PMCID: PMC4671255 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is a simple and evolutionary conserved process whereby a mother divides to generate two daughter cells with distinct developmental potentials. This process can generate cell fate diversity during development. Fate asymmetry may result from the unequal segregation of molecules and/or organelles between the two daughter cells. Here, I will review how fate asymmetry is regulated in the sensory bristle lineage in Drosophila and focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying ACD of the sensory organ precursor cells (SOPs). WIREs Dev Biol 2015, 4:299–309. doi: 10.1002/wdev.175 For further resources related to this article, please visit theWIREs website. Conflict of interest: The author has declared no conflicts of interest for this article.
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15
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Januschke J, Näthke I. Stem cell decisions: a twist of fate or a niche market? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 34:116-23. [PMID: 24613913 PMCID: PMC4169664 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Extrinsic and intrinsic cues that impact on stem cell biology. The importance to establish methods that allow to compare spindle orientation measurements. Mechanisms of centrosome segregation in asymmetrically dividing cells.
Establishing and maintaining cell fate in the right place at the right time is a key requirement for normal tissue maintenance. Stem cells are at the core of this process. Understanding how stem cells balance self-renewal and production of differentiating cells is key for understanding the defects that underpin many diseases. Both, external cues from the environment and cell intrinsic mechanisms can control the outcome of stem cell division. The role of the orientation of stem cell division has emerged as an important mechanism for specifying cell fate decisions. Although, the alignment of cell divisions can dependent on spatial cues from the environment, maintaining stemness is not always linked to positioning of stem cells in a particular microenvironment or `niche'. Alternate mechanisms that could contribute to cellular memory include differential segregation of centrosomes in asymmetrically dividing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Januschke
- Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
| | - Inke Näthke
- Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
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16
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Williams SE, Fuchs E. Oriented divisions, fate decisions. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2013; 25:749-58. [PMID: 24021274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During development, the establishment of proper tissue architecture depends upon the coordinated control of cell divisions not only in space and time, but also direction. Execution of an oriented cell division requires establishment of an axis of polarity and alignment of the mitotic spindle along this axis. Frequently, the cleavage plane also segregates fate determinants, either unequally or equally between daughter cells, the outcome of which is either an asymmetric or symmetric division, respectively. The last few years have witnessed tremendous growth in understanding both the extrinsic and intrinsic cues that position the mitotic spindle, the varied mechanisms in which the spindle orientation machinery is controlled in diverse organisms and organ systems, and the manner in which the division axis influences the signaling pathways that direct cell fate choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Williams
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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