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Thorngren J, Brboric A, Vasylovska S, Hjelmqvist D, Westermark GT, Saarimäki-Vire J, Kvist J, Balboa D, Otonkoski T, Carlsson PO, Lau J. Efficient Vascular and Neural Engraftment of Stem Cell-Derived Islets. Diabetes 2024; 73:1127-1139. [PMID: 38603470 PMCID: PMC11189832 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell-derived islets (SC-islets) have emerged as a new source for β-cell replacement therapy. The function of human islet transplants is hampered by excessive cell death posttransplantation; contributing factors include inflammatory reactions, insufficient revascularization, and islet amyloid formation. However, there is a gap in knowledge of the engraftment process of SC-islets. In this experimental study, we investigated the engraftment capability of SC-islets at 3 months posttransplantation and observed that cell apoptosis rates were lower but vascular density was similar in SC-islets compared with human islets. Whereas the human islet transplant vascular structures were a mixture of remnant donor endothelium and ingrowing blood vessels, the SC-islets contained ingrowing blood vessels only. Oxygenation in the SC-islet grafts was twice as high as that in the corresponding grafts of human islets, suggesting better vascular functionality. Similar to the blood vessel ingrowth, reinnervation of the SC-islets was four- to fivefold higher than that of the human islets. Both SC-islets and human islets contained amyloid at 1 and 3 months posttransplantation. We conclude that the vascular and neural engraftment of SC-islets are superior to those of human islets, but grafts of both origins develop amyloid, with potential long-term consequences. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Thorngren
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anja Brboric
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Daisy Hjelmqvist
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Jonna Saarimäki-Vire
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni Kvist
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Diego Balboa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Ola Carlsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joey Lau
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Gupta S, Sharma A, Petrovski G, Verma RS. Vascular reconstruction of the decellularized biomatrix for whole-organ engineering-a critical perspective and future strategies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1221159. [PMID: 38026872 PMCID: PMC10680456 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1221159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-organ re-engineering is the most challenging goal yet to be achieved in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. One essential factor in any transplantable and functional tissue engineering is fabricating a perfusable vascular network with macro- and micro-sized blood vessels. Whole-organ development has become more practical with the use of the decellularized organ biomatrix (DOB) as it provides a native biochemical and structural framework for a particular organ. However, reconstructing vasculature and re-endothelialization in the DOB is a highly challenging task and has not been achieved for constructing a clinically transplantable vascularized organ with an efficient perfusable capability. Here, we critically and articulately emphasized factors that have been studied for the vascular reconstruction in the DOB. Furthermore, we highlighted the factors used for vasculature development studies in general and their application in whole-organ vascular reconstruction. We also analyzed in detail the strategies explored so far for vascular reconstruction and angiogenesis in the DOB for functional and perfusable vasculature development. Finally, we discussed some of the crucial factors that have been largely ignored in the vascular reconstruction of the DOB and the future directions that should be addressed systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Gupta
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology, Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences. Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
- Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Akriti Sharma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology, Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences. Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Goran Petrovski
- Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Split School of Medicine and University Hospital Centre, Split, Croatia
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology, Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences. Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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3
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Wang Y, Ni J, Wang A, Zhang R, Wang L. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA) Regulates Hepatic Lipid and Glycogen Metabolism in Schizothorax prenanti. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15171. [PMID: 37894852 PMCID: PMC10606705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) plays important roles in angiogenesis, inflammatory response as well as energy metabolism in mammals. However, its effect on glycolipid metabolism in fish has not been reported. In this study, we cloned and characterized the vegfa gene of Schizothorax prenanti (S. prenanti). vegfa expression was significantly higher in liver and muscle than that in other tissues. Then, the VEGFA recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and obtained after purification. VEGFA i.p. injection significantly increased the serum glucose and TG content compared with the control group. Moreover, VEGFA protein aggravated the glycogen and lipid deposition in the liver of S. prenanti. In addition, we found that VEGFA treatment increased hepatocyte glycogen and lipid droplet content and increased the levels of pAMPKα (T172). Furthermore, AMPKα inhibition attenuated the ability of VEGFA to induce TG and glycogen accumulation. These results demonstrate that VEGFA regulates hepatic lipid and glycogen metabolism through AMPKα in S. prenanti, which may contribute to a better understanding of VEGFA functions in the glycolipid metabolism of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.N.); (A.W.); (R.Z.); (L.W.)
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4
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Sionov RV, Ahdut-HaCohen R. A Supportive Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Insulin-Producing Langerhans Islets with a Specific Emphasis on The Secretome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2558. [PMID: 37761001 PMCID: PMC10527322 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a gradual destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in the endocrine pancreas due to innate and specific immune responses, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. T1D patients usually require regular insulin injections after meals to maintain normal serum glucose levels. In severe cases, pancreas or Langerhans islet transplantation can assist in reaching a sufficient β-mass to normalize glucose homeostasis. The latter procedure is limited because of low donor availability, high islet loss, and immune rejection. There is still a need to develop new technologies to improve islet survival and implantation and to keep the islets functional. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent non-hematopoietic progenitor cells with high plasticity that can support human pancreatic islet function both in vitro and in vivo and islet co-transplantation with MSCs is more effective than islet transplantation alone in attenuating diabetes progression. The beneficial effect of MSCs on islet function is due to a combined effect on angiogenesis, suppression of immune responses, and secretion of growth factors essential for islet survival and function. In this review, various aspects of MSCs related to islet function and diabetes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Vogt Sionov
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Ronit Ahdut-HaCohen
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
- Department of Science, The David Yellin Academic College of Education, Jerusalem 9103501, Israel
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5
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Tixi W, Maldonado M, Chang YT, Chiu A, Yeung W, Parveen N, Nelson MS, Hart R, Wang S, Hsu WJ, Fueger P, Kopp JL, Huising MO, Dhawan S, Shih HP. Coordination between ECM and cell-cell adhesion regulates the development of islet aggregation, architecture, and functional maturation. eLife 2023; 12:e90006. [PMID: 37610090 PMCID: PMC10482429 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islets are three-dimensional cell aggregates consisting of unique cellular composition, cell-to-cell contacts, and interactions with blood vessels. Cell aggregation is essential for islet endocrine function; however, it remains unclear how developing islets establish aggregation. By combining genetic animal models, imaging tools, and gene expression profiling, we demonstrate that islet aggregation is regulated by extracellular matrix signaling and cell-cell adhesion. Islet endocrine cell-specific inactivation of extracellular matrix receptor integrin β1 disrupted blood vessel interactions but promoted cell-cell adhesion and the formation of larger islets. In contrast, ablation of cell-cell adhesion molecule α-catenin promoted blood vessel interactions yet compromised islet clustering. Simultaneous removal of integrin β1 and α-catenin disrupts islet aggregation and the endocrine cell maturation process, demonstrating that establishment of islet aggregates is essential for functional maturation. Our study provides new insights into understanding the fundamental self-organizing mechanism for islet aggregation, architecture, and functional maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma Tixi
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
| | - Maricela Maldonado
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, California State University, Long BeachLong BeachUnited States
| | - Ya-Ting Chang
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
| | - Amy Chiu
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
| | - Wilson Yeung
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
| | - Nazia Parveen
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
| | - Michael S Nelson
- Light Microscopy Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
| | - Ryan Hart
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Shihao Wang
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Wu Jih Hsu
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Patrick Fueger
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
| | - Janel L Kopp
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Mark O Huising
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Sangeeta Dhawan
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
| | - Hung Ping Shih
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of HopeDuarteUnited States
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6
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Parveen N, Wang JK, Bhattacharya S, Cuala J, Rajkumar MS, Butler AE, Wu X, Shih HP, Georgia SK, Dhawan S. DNA Methylation-Dependent Restriction of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Contributes to Pancreatic β-Cell Heterogeneity. Diabetes 2023; 72:575-589. [PMID: 36607262 PMCID: PMC10130487 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The molecular and functional heterogeneity of pancreatic β-cells is well recognized, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Pancreatic islets harbor a subset of β-cells that co-express tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), an enzyme involved in synthesis of catecholamines that repress insulin secretion. Restriction of the TH+ β-cells within islets is essential for appropriate function in mice, such that a higher proportion of these cells corresponds to reduced insulin secretion. Here, we use these cells as a model to dissect the developmental control of β-cell heterogeneity. We define the specific molecular and metabolic characteristics of TH+ β-cells and show differences in their developmental restriction in mice and humans. We show that TH expression in β-cells is restricted by DNA methylation during β-cell differentiation. Ablation of de novo DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a in the embryonic progenitors results in a dramatic increase in the proportion of TH+ β-cells, whereas β-cell-specific ablation of Dnmt3a does not. We demonstrate that maintenance of Th promoter methylation is essential for its continued restriction in postnatal β-cells. Loss of Th promoter methylation in response to chronic overnutrition increases the number of TH+ β-cells, corresponding to impaired β-cell function. These results reveal a regulatory role of DNA methylation in determining β-cell heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Parveen
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Jean Kimi Wang
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | | | - Janielle Cuala
- Medical Biophysics Program, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mohan Singh Rajkumar
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Alexandra E. Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Hung-Ping Shih
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Senta K. Georgia
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sangeeta Dhawan
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
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7
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Richardson TM, Saunders DC, Haliyur R, Shrestha S, Cartailler JP, Reinert RB, Petronglo J, Bottino R, Aramandla R, Bradley AM, Jenkins R, Phillips S, Kang H, Caicedo A, Powers AC, Brissova M. Human pancreatic capillaries and nerve fibers persist in type 1 diabetes despite beta cell loss. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E251-E267. [PMID: 36696598 PMCID: PMC10027091 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00246.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system regulates pancreatic function. Islet capillaries are essential for the extension of axonal projections into islets, and both of these structures are important for appropriate islet hormone secretion. Because beta cells provide important paracrine cues for islet glucagon secretion and neurovascular development, we postulated that beta cell loss in type 1 diabetes (T1D) would lead to a decline in intraislet capillaries and reduction of islet innervation, possibly contributing to abnormal glucagon secretion. To define morphological characteristics of capillaries and nerve fibers in islets and acinar tissue compartments, we analyzed neurovascular assembly across the largest cohort of T1D and normal individuals studied thus far. Because innervation has been studied extensively in rodent models of T1D, we also compared the neurovascular architecture between mouse and human pancreas and assembled transcriptomic profiles of molecules guiding islet angiogenesis and neuronal development. We found striking interspecies differences in islet neurovascular assembly but relatively modest differences at transcriptome level, suggesting that posttranscriptional regulation may be involved in this process. To determine whether islet neurovascular arrangement is altered after beta cell loss in T1D, we compared pancreatic tissues from non-diabetic, recent-onset T1D (<10-yr duration), and longstanding T1D (>10-yr duration) donors. Recent-onset T1D showed greater islet and acinar capillary density compared to non-diabetic and longstanding T1D donors. Both recent-onset and longstanding T1D had greater islet nerve fiber density compared to non-diabetic donors. We did not detect changes in sympathetic axons in either T1D cohort. Additionally, nerve fibers overlapped with extracellular matrix (ECM), supporting its role in the formation and function of axonal processes. These results indicate that pancreatic capillaries and nerve fibers persist in T1D despite beta cell loss, suggesting that alpha cell secretory changes may be decoupled from neurovascular components.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Defining the neurovascular architecture in the pancreas of individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is crucial to understanding the mechanisms of dysregulated glucagon secretion. In the largest T1D cohort of biobanked tissues analyzed to date, we found that pancreatic capillaries and nerve fibers persist in human T1D despite beta cell loss, suggesting that alpha cell secretory changes may be decoupled from neurovascular components. Because innervation has been studied extensively in rodent T1D models, our studies also provide the first rigorous direct comparisons of neurovascular assembly in mouse and human, indicating dramatic interspecies differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M Richardson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Diane C Saunders
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Rachana Haliyur
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Shristi Shrestha
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Creative Data Solutions, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jean-Philippe Cartailler
- Creative Data Solutions, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Rachel B Reinert
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Jenna Petronglo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Rita Bottino
- Imagine Pharma, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Radhika Aramandla
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Amber M Bradley
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Regina Jenkins
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Sharon Phillips
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Alejandro Caicedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
- Program of Neuroscience, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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Abstract
The islets of Langerhans are highly organized structures that have species-specific, three-dimensional tissue architecture. Islet architecture is critical for proper hormone secretion in response to nutritional stimuli. Islet architecture is disrupted in all types of diabetes mellitus and in cadaveric islets for transplantation during isolation, culture, and perfusion, limiting patient outcomes. Moreover, recapitulating native islet architecture remains a key challenge for in vitro generation of islets from stem cells. In this review, we discuss work that has led to the current understanding of determinants of pancreatic islet architecture, and how this architecture is maintained or disrupted during tissue remodeling in response to normal and pathological metabolic changes. We further discuss both empirical and modeling data that highlight the importance of islet architecture for islet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa T. Adams
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barak Blum
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- CONTACT Barak Blum Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705, USA
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9
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Solivan-Rivera J, Yang Loureiro Z, DeSouza T, Desai A, Pallat S, Yang Q, Rojas-Rodriguez R, Ziegler R, Skritakis P, Joyce S, Zhong D, Nguyen T, Corvera S. A neurogenic signature involving monoamine Oxidase-A controls human thermogenic adipose tissue development. eLife 2022; 11:e78945. [PMID: 36107478 PMCID: PMC9519151 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms that control 'beige/brite' thermogenic adipose tissue development may be harnessed to improve human metabolic health. To define these mechanisms, we developed a species-hybrid model in which human mesenchymal progenitor cells were used to develop white or thermogenic/beige adipose tissue in mice. The hybrid adipose tissue developed distinctive features of human adipose tissue, such as larger adipocyte size, despite its neurovascular architecture being entirely of murine origin. Thermogenic adipose tissue recruited a denser, qualitatively distinct vascular network, differing in genes mapping to circadian rhythm pathways, and denser sympathetic innervation. The enhanced thermogenic neurovascular network was associated with human adipocyte expression of THBS4, TNC, NTRK3, and SPARCL1, which enhance neurogenesis, and decreased expression of MAOA and ACHE, which control neurotransmitter tone. Systemic inhibition of MAOA, which is present in human but absent in mouse adipocytes, induced browning of human but not mouse adipose tissue, revealing the physiological relevance of this pathway. Our results reveal species-specific cell type dependencies controlling the development of thermogenic adipose tissue and point to human adipocyte MAOA as a potential target for metabolic disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Solivan-Rivera
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Zinger Yang Loureiro
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Tiffany DeSouza
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Anand Desai
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Sabine Pallat
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Qin Yang
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Raziel Rojas-Rodriguez
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Rachel Ziegler
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Pantos Skritakis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Shannon Joyce
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Denise Zhong
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Tammy Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical CenterWorcesterUnited States
| | - Silvia Corvera
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical CenterWorcesterUnited States
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10
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Abstract
The pancreatic β-cells are essential for regulating glucose homeostasis through the coordinated release of the insulin hormone. Dysfunction of the highly specialized β-cells results in diabetes mellitus, a growing global health epidemic. In this review, we describe the development and function of β-cells the emerging concept of heterogeneity within insulin-producing cells, and the potential of other cell types to assume β-cell functionality via transdifferentiation. We also discuss emerging routes to design cells with minimal β-cell properties and human stem cell differentiation efforts that carry the promise to restore normoglycemia in patients suffering from diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanya Kerper
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Sudipta Ashe
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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11
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Guillot J, Dominici C, Lucchesi A, Nguyen HTT, Puget A, Hocine M, Rangel-Sosa MM, Simic M, Nigri J, Guillaumond F, Bigonnet M, Dusetti N, Perrot J, Lopez J, Etzerodt A, Lawrence T, Pudlo P, Hubert F, Scoazec JY, van de Pavert SA, Tomasini R, Chauvet S, Mann F. Sympathetic axonal sprouting induces changes in macrophage populations and protects against pancreatic cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1985. [PMID: 35418199 PMCID: PMC9007988 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29659-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal nerve processes in the tumor microenvironment were highlighted recently. However, the origin of intra-tumoral nerves remains poorly known, in part because of technical difficulties in tracing nerve fibers via conventional histological preparations. Here, we employ three-dimensional (3D) imaging of cleared tissues for a comprehensive analysis of sympathetic innervation in a murine model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Our results support two independent, but coexisting, mechanisms: passive engulfment of pre-existing sympathetic nerves within tumors plus an active, localized sprouting of axon terminals into non-neoplastic lesions and tumor periphery. Ablation of the innervating sympathetic nerves increases tumor growth and spread. This effect is explained by the observation that sympathectomy increases intratumoral CD163+ macrophage numbers, which contribute to the worse outcome. Altogether, our findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which the sympathetic nervous system exerts cancer-protective properties in a mouse model of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huyen Thi Trang Nguyen
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | - Milesa Simic
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Jérémy Nigri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Guillaumond
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Martin Bigonnet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Jimmy Perrot
- Department of Anatomopathology, Lyon Sud University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jonathan Lopez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon Sud University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, Lyon 1 University, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France
| | - Anders Etzerodt
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
- Department of Biomedecine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Toby Lawrence
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Pudlo
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, I2M, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Hubert
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, I2M, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Yves Scoazec
- Department of Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Richard Tomasini
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Fanny Mann
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France.
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12
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Cefalu WT, Andersen DK, Arreaza-Rubín G, Pin CL, Sato S, Verchere CB, Woo M, Rosenblum ND. Heterogeneity of Diabetes: β-Cells, Phenotypes, and Precision Medicine: Proceedings of an International Symposium of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes and the U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:3-22. [PMID: 34782355 PMCID: PMC8753760 DOI: 10.2337/dci21-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
One hundred years have passed since the discovery of insulin-an achievement that transformed diabetes from a fatal illness into a manageable chronic condition. The decades since that momentous achievement have brought ever more rapid innovation and advancement in diabetes research and clinical care. To celebrate the important work of the past century and help to chart a course for its continuation into the next, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes and the U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases recently held a joint international symposium, bringing together a cohort of researchers with diverse interests and backgrounds from both countries and beyond to discuss their collective quest to better understand the heterogeneity of diabetes and thus gain insights to inform new directions in diabetes treatment and prevention. This article summarizes the proceedings of that symposium, which spanned cutting-edge research into various aspects of islet biology, the heterogeneity of diabetic phenotypes, and the current state of and future prospects for precision medicine in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T. Cefalu
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dana K. Andersen
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Guillermo Arreaza-Rubín
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Christopher L. Pin
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Paediatrics, and Oncology, University of Western Ontario, and Genetics and Development Division, Children’s Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheryl Sato
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - C. Bruce Verchere
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- UBC Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Health Network and Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Norman D. Rosenblum
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Cefalu WT, Andersen DK, Arreaza-Rubín G, Pin CL, Sato S, Verchere CB, Woo M, Rosenblum ND. Heterogeneity of Diabetes: β-Cells, Phenotypes, and Precision Medicine: Proceedings of an International Symposium of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes and the U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Can J Diabetes 2021; 45:697-713. [PMID: 34794897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2021.09.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
One hundred years have passed since the discovery of insulin-an achievement that transformed diabetes from a fatal illness into a manageable chronic condition. The decades since that momentous achievement have brought ever more rapid innovation and advancement in diabetes research and clinical care. To celebrate the important work of the past century and help to chart a course for its continuation into the next, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes and the U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases recently held a joint international symposium, bringing together a cohort of researchers with diverse interests and backgrounds from both countries and beyond to discuss their collective quest to better understand the heterogeneity of diabetes and thus gain insights to inform new directions in diabetes treatment and prevention. This article summarizes the proceedings of that symposium, which spanned cutting-edge research into various aspects of islet biology, the heterogeneity of diabetic phenotypes, and the current state of and future prospects for precision medicine in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Cefalu
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States.
| | - Dana K Andersen
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Guillermo Arreaza-Rubín
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Christopher L Pin
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Paediatrics, and Oncology, University of Western Ontario, and Genetics and Development Division, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheryl Sato
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - C Bruce Verchere
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; UBC Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Health Network and Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Norman D Rosenblum
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Program in Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Kim M, Jang J. Construction of 3D hierarchical tissue platforms for modeling diabetes. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:041506. [PMID: 34703970 PMCID: PMC8530538 DOI: 10.1063/5.0055128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most serious systemic diseases worldwide, and the majority of DM patients face severe complications. However, many of underlying disease mechanisms related to these complications are difficult to understand with the use of currently available animal models. With the urgent need to fundamentally understand DM pathology, a variety of 3D biomimetic platforms have been generated by the convergence of biofabrication and tissue engineering strategies for the potent drug screening platform of pre-clinical research. Here, we suggest key requirements for the fabrication of physiomimetic tissue models in terms of recapitulating the cellular organization, creating native 3D microenvironmental niches for targeted tissue using biomaterials, and applying biofabrication technologies to implement tissue-specific geometries. We also provide an overview of various in vitro DM models, from a cellular level to complex living systems, which have been developed using various bioengineering approaches. Moreover, we aim to discuss the roadblocks facing in vitro tissue models and end with an outlook for future DM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungji Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinah Jang
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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15
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Cefalu WT, Andersen DK, Arreaza-Rubín G, Pin CL, Sato S, Verchere CB, Woo M, Rosenblum ND. Heterogeneity of Diabetes: β-Cells, Phenotypes, and Precision Medicine: Proceedings of an International Symposium of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes and the U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Diabetes 2021; 71:db210777. [PMID: 34782351 PMCID: PMC8763877 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
One hundred years have passed since the discovery of insulin-an achievement that transformed diabetes from a fatal illness into a manageable chronic condition. The decades since that momentous achievement have brought ever more rapid innovation and advancement in diabetes research and clinical care. To celebrate the important work of the past century and help to chart a course for its continuation into the next, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes and the U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases recently held a joint international symposium, bringing together a cohort of researchers with diverse interests and backgrounds from both countries and beyond to discuss their collective quest to better understand the heterogeneity of diabetes and thus gain insights to inform new directions in diabetes treatment and prevention. This article summarizes the proceedings of that symposium, which spanned cutting-edge research into various aspects of islet biology, the heterogeneity of diabetic phenotypes, and the current state of and future prospects for precision medicine in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Cefalu
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dana K Andersen
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Guillermo Arreaza-Rubín
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Christopher L Pin
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Paediatrics, and Oncology, University of Western Ontario, and Genetics and Development Division, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheryl Sato
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - C Bruce Verchere
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- UBC Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Health Network and Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Abstract
This review focuses on the human pancreatic islet-including its structure, cell composition, development, function, and dysfunction. After providing a historical timeline of key discoveries about human islets over the past century, we describe new research approaches and technologies that are being used to study human islets and how these are providing insight into human islet physiology and pathophysiology. We also describe changes or adaptations in human islets in response to physiologic challenges such as pregnancy, aging, and insulin resistance and discuss islet changes in human diabetes of many forms. We outline current and future interventions being developed to protect, restore, or replace human islets. The review also highlights unresolved questions about human islets and proposes areas where additional research on human islets is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Walker
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Diane C Saunders
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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17
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Milich LM, Choi JS, Ryan C, Cerqueira SR, Benavides S, Yahn SL, Tsoulfas P, Lee JK. Single-cell analysis of the cellular heterogeneity and interactions in the injured mouse spinal cord. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20210040. [PMID: 34132743 PMCID: PMC8212781 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The wound healing process that occurs after spinal cord injury is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis and limiting tissue damage, but eventually results in a scar-like environment that is not conducive to regeneration and repair. A better understanding of this dichotomy is critical to developing effective therapeutics that target the appropriate pathobiology, but a major challenge has been the large cellular heterogeneity that results in immensely complex cellular interactions. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to assess virtually all cell types that comprise the mouse spinal cord injury site. In addition to discovering novel subpopulations, we used expression values of receptor-ligand pairs to identify signaling pathways that are predicted to regulate specific cellular interactions during angiogenesis, gliosis, and fibrosis. Our dataset is a valuable resource that provides novel mechanistic insight into the pathobiology of not only spinal cord injury but also other traumatic disorders of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M. Milich
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- University of Miami Neuroscience Graduate Program, Miami, FL
| | - James S. Choi
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Christine Ryan
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- University of Miami Neuroscience Graduate Program, Miami, FL
| | - Susana R. Cerqueira
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Sofia Benavides
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Stephanie L. Yahn
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- University of Miami Neuroscience Graduate Program, Miami, FL
| | - Pantelis Tsoulfas
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Jae K. Lee
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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18
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Lkhagvasuren B, Mee-Inta O, Zhao ZW, Hiramoto T, Boldbaatar D, Kuo YM. Pancreas-Brain Crosstalk. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:691777. [PMID: 34354571 PMCID: PMC8329585 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.691777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural regulation of glucose homeostasis in normal and challenged conditions involves the modulation of pancreatic islet-cell function. Compromising the pancreas innervation causes islet autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes and islet cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. However, despite the richly innervated nature of the pancreas, islet innervation remains ill-defined. Here, we review the neuroanatomical and humoral basis of the cross-talk between the endocrine pancreas and autonomic and sensory neurons. Identifying the neurocircuitry and neurochemistry of the neuro-insular network would provide clues to neuromodulation-based approaches for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Battuvshin Lkhagvasuren
- Brain Science Institute, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Onanong Mee-Inta
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Wei Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tetsuya Hiramoto
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Fukuoka Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Damdindorj Boldbaatar
- Brain Science Institute, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
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19
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Bevacqua RJ, Lam JY, Peiris H, Whitener RL, Kim S, Gu X, Friedlander MSH, Kim SK. SIX2 and SIX3 coordinately regulate functional maturity and fate of human pancreatic β cells. Genes Dev 2021; 35:234-249. [PMID: 33446570 PMCID: PMC7849364 DOI: 10.1101/gad.342378.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The physiological functions of many vital tissues and organs continue to mature after birth, but the genetic mechanisms governing this postnatal maturation remain an unsolved mystery. Human pancreatic β cells produce and secrete insulin in response to physiological cues like glucose, and these hallmark functions improve in the years after birth. This coincides with expression of the transcription factors SIX2 and SIX3, whose functions in native human β cells remain unknown. Here, we show that shRNA-mediated SIX2 or SIX3 suppression in human pancreatic adult islets impairs insulin secretion. However, transcriptome studies revealed that SIX2 and SIX3 regulate distinct targets. Loss of SIX2 markedly impaired expression of genes governing β-cell insulin processing and output, glucose sensing, and electrophysiology, while SIX3 loss led to inappropriate expression of genes normally expressed in fetal β cells, adult α cells, and other non-β cells. Chromatin accessibility studies identified genes directly regulated by SIX2. Moreover, β cells from diabetic humans with impaired insulin secretion also had reduced SIX2 transcript levels. Revealing how SIX2 and SIX3 govern functional maturation and maintain developmental fate in native human β cells should advance β-cell replacement and other therapeutic strategies for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina J Bevacqua
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan Y Lam
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Heshan Peiris
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Robert L Whitener
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Seokho Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Xueying Gu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Mollie S H Friedlander
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Seung K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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20
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Abstract
At the time of Ivan Pavlov, pancreatic innervation was studied by looking at pancreas secretions in response to electrical stimulation of nerves. Nowadays we have ways to visualize neuronal activity in real time thanks to advances in fluorescent reporters and imaging techniques. We also have very precise optogenetic and pharmacogenetic approaches that allow neuronal manipulations in a very specific manner. These technological advances have been extensively employed for studying the central nervous system and are just beginning to be incorporated for studying visceral innervation. Pancreatic innervation is complex, and the role it plays in physiology and pathophysiology of the organ is still not fully understood. In this review we highlight anatomical aspects of pancreatic innervation, techniques for pancreatic neuronal labeling, and approaches for imaging pancreatic innervation in vitro and in vivo.
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21
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Weitz J, Menegaz D, Caicedo A. Deciphering the Complex Communication Networks That Orchestrate Pancreatic Islet Function. Diabetes 2021; 70:17-26. [PMID: 33355306 PMCID: PMC7881851 DOI: 10.2337/dbi19-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic islets are clusters of hormone-secreting endocrine cells that rely on intricate cell-cell communication mechanisms for proper function. The importance of multicellular cooperation in islet cell physiology was first noted nearly 30 years ago in seminal studies showing that hormone secretion from endocrine cell types is diminished when these cells are dispersed. These studies showed that reestablishing cellular contacts in so-called pseudoislets caused endocrine cells to regain hormone secretory function. This not only demonstrated that cooperation between islet cells is highly synergistic but also gave birth to the field of pancreatic islet organoids. Here we review recent advances related to the mechanisms of islet cell cross talk. We first describe new developments that revise current notions about purinergic and GABA signaling in islets. Then we comment on novel multicellular imaging studies that are revealing emergent properties of islet communication networks. We finish by highlighting and discussing recent synthetic approaches that use islet organoids of varied cellular composition to interrogate intraislet signaling mechanisms. This reverse engineering of islets not only will shed light on the mechanisms of intraislet signaling and define communication networks but also may guide efforts aimed at restoring islet function and β-cell mass in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Weitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Danusa Menegaz
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Alejandro Caicedo
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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22
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Abstract
The pancreas of adult mammals displays a branched structure which transports digestive enzymes produced in the distal acini through a tree-like network of ducts into the duodenum. In contrast to several other branched organs, its branching patterns are not stereotypic. Moreover, the branches do not grow from dichotomic splitting of an initial stem but rather from the formation of microlumen in a mass of cells. These lumen progressively assemble into a hyperconnected network that refines into a tree by the time of birth. We review the cell remodeling events and the molecular mechanisms governing pancreas branching, as well as the role of the surrounding tissues in this process. Furthermore, we draw parallels with other branched organs such as the salivary and mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Flasse
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Coline Schewin
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Grapin-Botton
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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23
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Good Cop, Bad Cop: The Opposing Effects of Macrophage Activation State on Maintaining or Damaging Functional β-Cell Mass. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10120485. [PMID: 33256225 PMCID: PMC7761161 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10120485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of functional β-cell mass is a hallmark of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Macrophages play an integral role in the maintenance or destruction of pancreatic β-cells. The effect of the macrophage β-cell interaction is dependent on the activation state of the macrophage. Macrophages can be activated across a spectrum, from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory and tissue remodeling. The factors secreted by these differentially activated macrophages and their effect on β-cells define the effect on functional β-cell mass. In this review, the spectrum of macrophage activation is discussed, as are the positive and negative effects on β-cell survival, expansion, and function as well as the defined factors released from macrophages that impinge on functional β-cell mass.
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24
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Laiva AL, O'Brien FJ, Keogh MB. SDF-1α gene-activated collagen scaffold drives functional differentiation of human Schwann cells for wound healing applications. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:725-736. [PMID: 33064302 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing angiogenesis is the prime target of current biomaterial-based wound healing strategies. However, these approaches largely overlook the angiogenic role of the cells of the nervous system. Therefore, we explored the role of a collagen-chondroitin sulfate scaffold functionalized with a proangiogenic gene stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α)-an SDF-1α gene-activated scaffold on the functional regulation of human Schwann cells (SCs). A preliminary 2D study was conducted by delivering plasmids encoding for the SDF-1α gene into a monolayer of SCs using polyethyleneimine-based nanoparticles. The delivery of the SDF-1α gene into the SCs enhanced the production of proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Subsequently, we investigated the impact of SDF-1α gene-activated scaffold (3D) on the SCs for 2 weeks, using a gene-free scaffold as control. The transfection of the SCs within the gene-activated scaffold resulted in transient overexpression of SDF-1α transcripts and triggered the production of bioactive VEGF that enhanced endothelial angiogenesis. The overexpression of SDF-1α also caused transient activation of the transcription factor c-Jun and supported the differentiation of SCs towards a repair phenotype. This was characterized by elevated expression of neurotrophin receptor p75NGFR. During this developmental stage, the SCs also performed an extensive remodelling of the basement matrix (fibronectin, collagen IV, and laminin) to enrich their environment with the pro-neurogenic matrix protein laminin, revealing an enhanced pro-neurogenic behavior. Together, this study shows that SDF-1α gene-activated scaffold is a highly bioinstructive scaffold capable of enhancing proangiogenic regenerative response in human SCs for improved wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashang L Laiva
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Biomedical Science, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Bahrain, Adliya, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael B Keogh
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Biomedical Science, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Bahrain, Adliya, Kingdom of Bahrain
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25
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Almaça J, Caicedo A, Landsman L. Beta cell dysfunction in diabetes: the islet microenvironment as an unusual suspect. Diabetologia 2020; 63:2076-2085. [PMID: 32894318 PMCID: PMC7655222 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cells in different tissues, including endocrine cells in the pancreas, live in complex microenvironments that are rich in cellular and acellular components. Intricate interactions with their microenvironment dictate most cellular properties, such as their function, structure and size, and maintain tissue homeostasis. Pancreatic islets are populated by endocrine, vascular and immune cells that are immersed in the extracellular matrix. While the intrinsic properties of beta cells have been vastly investigated, our understanding of their interactions with their surroundings has only recently begun to unveil. Here, we review current research on the interplay between the islet cellular and acellular components, and the role these components play in beta cell physiology and pathophysiology. Although beta cell failure is a key pathomechanism in diabetes, its causes are far from being fully elucidated. We, thus, propose deleterious alterations of the islet niche as potential underlying mechanisms contributing to beta cell failure. In sum, this review emphasises that the function of the pancreatic islet depends on all of its components. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Almaça
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Alejandro Caicedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Limor Landsman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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26
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Jacob A, Southard S, Rust W. Cell Replacement Therapy for Insulin-Dependent Diabetes: Maintaining Islet Architecture and Distribution After Graft. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-020-00281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Cerrizuela S, Vega-Lopez GA, Aybar MJ. The role of teratogens in neural crest development. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:584-632. [PMID: 31926062 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest (NC), discovered by Wilhelm His 150 years ago, gives rise to a multipotent migratory embryonic cell population that generates a remarkably diverse and important array of cell types during the development of the vertebrate embryo. These cells originate in the neural plate border (NPB), which is the ectoderm between the neural plate and the epidermis. They give rise to the neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, melanocytes, chondrocytes, smooth muscle cells, odontoblasts and neuroendocrine cells, among others. Neurocristopathies are a class of congenital diseases resulting from the abnormal induction, specification, migration, differentiation or death of NC cells (NCCs) during embryonic development and have an important medical and societal impact. In general, congenital defects affect an appreciable percentage of newborns worldwide. Some of these defects are caused by teratogens, which are agents that negatively impact the formation of tissues and organs during development. In this review, we will discuss the teratogens linked to the development of many birth defects, with a strong focus on those that specifically affect the development of the NC, thereby producing neurocristopathies. Although increasing attention is being paid to the effect of teratogens on embryonic development in general, there is a strong need to critically evaluate the specific role of these agents in NC development. Therefore, increased understanding of the role of these factors in NC development will contribute to the planning of strategies aimed at the prevention and treatment of human neurocristopathies, whose etiology was previously not considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cerrizuela
- Área Biología Experimental, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Guillermo A Vega-Lopez
- Área Biología Experimental, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Manuel J Aybar
- Área Biología Experimental, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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28
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Maldonado M, Serrill JD, Shih HP. Painting the Pancreas in Three Dimensions: Whole-Mount Immunofluorescence Method. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2155:193-200. [PMID: 32474878 PMCID: PMC7521363 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0655-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The pancreas is composed of different cellular populations, organized into distinct functional units, including acinar clusters, islets of Langerhans, and the ductal system. As a result of research into diabetes, several optical techniques have been developed for the three-dimensional visualization of islet populations, so as to better understand their anatomical characteristics. These approaches are largely reliant on three-dimensional whole-mount immunofluorescence staining. In this chapter, we review a revised whole mount immunofluorescence staining method for studying adult pancreatic islet morphology. This method uses smaller samples and combines the blocking and permeabilization steps. This reduces the time needed, relative to existing protocols; the method is compatible with regular confocal microscopy as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricela Maldonado
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Serrill
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Hung-Ping Shih
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA.
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29
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Sneddon JB, Tang Q, Stock P, Bluestone JA, Roy S, Desai T, Hebrok M. Stem Cell Therapies for Treating Diabetes: Progress and Remaining Challenges. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 22:810-823. [PMID: 29859172 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Restoration of insulin independence and normoglycemia has been the overarching goal in diabetes research and therapy. While whole-organ and islet transplantation have become gold-standard procedures in achieving glucose control in diabetic patients, the profound lack of suitable donor tissues severely hampers the broad application of these therapies. Here, we describe current efforts aimed at generating a sustainable source of functional human stem cell-derived insulin-producing islet cells for cell transplantation and present state-of-the-art efforts to protect such cells via immune modulation and encapsulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie B Sneddon
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Qizhi Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Peter Stock
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bluestone
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Shuvo Roy
- UCSF-UC Berkeley Joint Ph.D. Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tejal Desai
- UCSF-UC Berkeley Joint Ph.D. Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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30
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Srivastava S, Pandey H, Singh SK, Tripathi YB. Anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-hypoxic and anti-inflammatory conditions induced by PTY-2 against STZ-induced stress in islets. Biosci Trends 2019; 13:382-393. [PMID: 31597821 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2019.01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The earlier assessment of Pueraria tuberosa (PT) has shown anti-diabetic effects through enhancing incretin action and DPP-IV (Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV) inhibition. The aim of this work was to further explore the protective role of aqueous extract of Pueraria tuberosa tuber (PTY-2) against streptozotocin (STZ) induced islet stress in rats. Diabetes was induced by STZ (65 mg/kg body weight) in charles foster male rats. After 60 days of STZ administration, animals with blood glucose levels > 200 g/dL were considered as diabetic. All the rats were later divided into three groups: Group-1 (STZ untreated normal rats), Group-2 (Diabetic control), and Group-3 (PTY-2 [50 mg/100 g bw treatment for next 10 days to diabetic rats). The rats were then sacrificed after the 10th day of treatment accordingly. STZ treatment led to an increase in expression of Matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), Tumour necrosis factor-α (Tnf-α), Hypoxia inducible factor-α (HIF-1α), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Protein kinase C-ε (PKC-ε), Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NFkB), and Caspase-3. Reverse Transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR), Immunohistochemistry and Western-Blot analysis showed an increase in the expressions of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Nephrin, and a decrease in the expressions of NFkB, PKC-ε, TNF-α, MMP-9, HIF-1α, VEGF, Caspase-3 and IL-6 after 10 days of PTY-2 treatment. The results showed that PTY-2 favorably changed all the expressions via anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-hypoxic and anti-inflammatory pathways, making itself as a protective agent against STZ induced islet stress. Further evaluation of PTY-2 might be helpful in establishing its role in the management of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Srivastava
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Harsh Pandey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Surya Kumar Singh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Yamini Bhusan Tripathi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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31
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Chameettachal S, Yeleswarapu S, Sasikumar S, Shukla P, Hibare P, Bera AK, Bojedla SSR, Pati F. 3D Bioprinting: Recent Trends and Challenges. J Indian Inst Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-019-00113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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32
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Toselli CM, Wilkinson BM, Paterson J, Kieffer TJ. Vegfa/vegfr2 signaling is necessary for zebrafish islet vessel development, but is dispensable for beta-cell and alpha-cell formation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3594. [PMID: 30837605 PMCID: PMC6401103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying zebrafish pancreatic islet vascularization have not been well characterized. We sought to determine the angiogenic factors responsible for islet vascularization and assess whether an absence of endothelial cells affects beta-cell and alpha-cell formation. We used a double transgenic zebrafish Tg(fli1:EGFP; insa:tagRFP) to label endothelial cells and beta-cells, respectively. Beta-cells developed adjacent to endothelial cells and by 72 hours post fertilization (hpf) the zebrafish pancreatic islet was highly vascularized. Zebrafish beta-cells express vascular endothelial growth factors (vegf), vegfaa and vegfab. Double knockdown of vegfaa and vegfab or the primary Vegfa receptors (Vegfr2), kdr and kdrl, resulted in vessel deficient islets. While beta-cell and alpha-cell numbers remained unchanged in vessel deficient islets, insulina expression was downregulated relative to controls. Vegfaa/Vegfab-Vegfr2 signaling is necessary for proper islet vessel development, but not for the initial formation of beta-cells and alpha-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara M Toselli
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Brayden M Wilkinson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Joshua Paterson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Timothy J Kieffer
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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33
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Zhao J, Zong W, Zhao Y, Gou D, Liang S, Shen J, Wu Y, Zheng X, Wu R, Wang X, Niu F, Wang A, Zhang Y, Xiong JW, Chen L, Liu Y. In vivo imaging of β-cell function reveals glucose-mediated heterogeneity of β-cell functional development. eLife 2019; 8:41540. [PMID: 30694176 PMCID: PMC6395064 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
How pancreatic β-cells acquire function in vivo is a long-standing mystery due to the lack of technology to visualize β-cell function in living animals. Here, we applied a high-resolution two-photon light-sheet microscope for the first in vivo imaging of Ca2+activity of every β-cell in Tg (ins:Rcamp1.07) zebrafish. We reveal that the heterogeneity of β-cell functional development in vivo occurred as two waves propagating from the islet mantle to the core, coordinated by islet vascularization. Increasing amounts of glucose induced functional acquisition and enhancement of β-cells via activating calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) signaling. Conserved in mammalians, calcineurin/NFAT prompted high-glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of neonatal mouse islets cultured in vitro. However, the reduction in low-glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was dependent on optimal glucose but independent of calcineurin/NFAT. Thus, combination of optimal glucose and calcineurin activation represents a previously unexplored strategy for promoting functional maturation of stem cell-derived β-like cells in vitro. When the amount of sugar in our body rises, specialised cells known as β-cells respond by releasing insulin, a hormone that acts on various organs to keep blood sugar levels within a healthy range. These cells cluster in small ‘islets’ inside our pancreas. If the number of working β-cells declines, diseases such as diabetes may appear and it becomes difficult to regulate the amount of sugar in our bodies. Understanding how β-cells normally develop and mature in the embryo could help us learn how to make new ones in the laboratory. In particular, researchers are interested in studying how different body signals, such as blood sugar levels, turn immature β-cells into fully productive cells. However, in mammals, the pancreas and its islets are buried deep inside the embryo and they cannot be observed easily. Here, Zhao et al. circumvented this problem by doing experiments on zebrafish embryos, which are transparent, grow outside their mother’s body, and have pancreatic islets that are similar to the ones found in mammals. A three-dimensional microscopy technique was used to watch individual β-cells activity over long periods, which revealed that the cells start being able to produce insulin at different times. The β-cells around the edge of each islet were the first to have access to blood sugar signals: they gained their hormone-producing role earlier than the cells in the core of an islet, which only sensed the information later on. Zhao et al. then exposed the zebrafish embryos to different amounts of sugar. This showed that there is an optimal concentration of sugar which helps β-cells develop by kick-starting a cascade of events inside the cell. Further experiments confirmed that the same pathway and optimal sugar concentration exist for mammalian islets grown in the laboratory. These findings may help researchers find better ways of making new β-cells to treat diabetic patients. In the future, using the three-dimensional imaging technique in zebrafish embryos may lead to more discoveries on how the pancreas matures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weijian Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,China Department of Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongzhou Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Software and Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Runlong Wu
- School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuzeng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication System and Networks, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication System and Networks, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Wei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liangyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation (IBRR), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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34
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Ceasrine AM, Lin EE, Lumelsky DN, Iyer R, Kuruvilla R. Adrb2 controls glucose homeostasis by developmental regulation of pancreatic islet vasculature. eLife 2018; 7:39689. [PMID: 30303066 PMCID: PMC6200393 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of processes controlling the development and function of pancreatic islets is critical for diabetes prevention and treatment. Here, we reveal a previously unappreciated function for pancreatic β2-adrenergic receptors (Adrb2) in controlling glucose homeostasis by restricting islet vascular growth during development. Pancreas-specific deletion of Adrb2 results in glucose intolerance and impaired insulin secretion in mice, and unexpectedly, specifically in females. The metabolic phenotypes were recapitulated by Adrb2 deletion from neonatal, but not adult, β-cells. Mechanistically, Adrb2 loss increases production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A) in female neonatal β-cells and results in hyper-vascularized islets during development, which in turn, disrupts insulin production and exocytosis. Neonatal correction of islet hyper-vascularization, via VEGF-A receptor blockade, fully rescues functional deficits in glucose homeostasis in adult mutant mice. These findings uncover a regulatory pathway that functions in a sex-specific manner to control glucose metabolism by restraining excessive vascular growth during islet development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Ceasrine
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Eugene E Lin
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - David N Lumelsky
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Radhika Iyer
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Rejji Kuruvilla
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
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35
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Watson EC, Adams RH. Biology of Bone: The Vasculature of the Skeletal System. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a031559. [PMID: 28893838 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessels are essential for the distribution of oxygen, nutrients, and immune cells, as well as the removal of waste products. In addition to this conventional role as a versatile conduit system, the endothelial cells forming the innermost layer of the vessel wall also possess important signaling capabilities and can control growth, patterning, homeostasis, and regeneration of the surrounding organ. In the skeletal system, blood vessels regulate developmental and regenerative bone formation as well as hematopoiesis by providing vascular niches for hematopoietic stem cells. Here we provide an overview of blood vessel architecture, growth and properties in the healthy, aging, and diseased skeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Watson
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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36
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Yang YHC, Kawakami K, Stainier DY. A new mode of pancreatic islet innervation revealed by live imaging in zebrafish. eLife 2018; 7:34519. [PMID: 29916364 PMCID: PMC6039180 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islets are innervated by autonomic and sensory nerves that influence their function. Analyzing the innervation process should provide insight into the nerve-endocrine interactions and their roles in development and disease. Here, using in vivo time-lapse imaging and genetic analyses in zebrafish, we determined the events leading to islet innervation. Comparable neural density in the absence of vasculature indicates that it is dispensable for early pancreatic innervation. Neural crest cells are in close contact with endocrine cells early in development. We find these cells give rise to neurons that extend axons toward the islet as they surprisingly migrate away. Specific ablation of these neurons partly prevents other neurons from migrating away from the islet resulting in diminished innervation. Thus, our studies establish the zebrafish as a model to interrogate mechanisms of organ innervation, and reveal a novel mode of innervation whereby neurons establish connections with their targets before migrating away.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hsuan Carol Yang
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, Japan
| | - Didier Yr Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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37
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Neurocristopathies: New insights 150 years after the neural crest discovery. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S110-S143. [PMID: 29802835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a transient, multipotent and migratory cell population that generates an astonishingly diverse array of cell types during vertebrate development. These cells, which originate from the ectoderm in a region lateral to the neural plate in the neural fold, give rise to neurons, glia, melanocytes, chondrocytes, smooth muscle cells, odontoblasts and neuroendocrine cells, among others. Neurocristopathies (NCP) are a class of pathologies occurring in vertebrates, especially in humans that result from the abnormal specification, migration, differentiation or death of neural crest cells during embryonic development. Various pigment, skin, thyroid and hearing disorders, craniofacial and heart abnormalities, malfunctions of the digestive tract and tumors can also be considered as neurocristopathies. In this review we revisit the current classification and propose a new way to classify NCP based on the embryonic origin of the affected tissues, on recent findings regarding the molecular mechanisms that drive NC formation, and on the increased complexity of current molecular embryology techniques.
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Inoo K, Bando H, Tabata Y. Enhanced survival and insulin secretion of insulinoma cell aggregates by incorporating gelatin hydrogel microspheres. Regen Ther 2018; 8:29-37. [PMID: 30271863 PMCID: PMC6149185 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The objective of this study is to evaluate the survival and glucose-induced insulin secretion of rat-derived insulinoma cells (INS-1) from their aggregates incorporating different size of gelatin hydrogel microspheres comparing with microspheres-free cell aggregates. Methods The gelatin hydrogel microspheres were prepared by the conventional w/o emulsion method. The INS-1 cells were cultured in a V-bottomed well, combining with or without the gelatin hydrogel microspheres to form their aggregates with or without microspheres. Results When the cell viability, the live cell number, the reductase activity, and the insulin secretion of cell aggregates were evaluated 7 or 14 days after incubation, the cell aggregates incorporating gelatin hydrogel microspheres showed higher cell viability, reductase activity and a larger number of live cells. The cell aggregates incorporating larger size and number of gelatin hydrogel microspheres secreted a larger amount of insulin, compared with those incorporating smaller size and number of microspheres or without microspheres. Conclusion It is conceivable that the incorporation of gelatin hydrogel microspheres in cell aggregates is promising to improve their survival and insulin secretion function. INS-1 cell aggregates incorporating gelatin hydrogel microspheres are prepared. Gelatin hydrogel microspheres incorporation improves cell viability and glucose-induced insulin secretion of cell aggregates. The size and number of gelatin hydrogel microspheres affected the cell condition and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Inoo
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroto Bando
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Corresponding author. Institute for Life and Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan. Fax: +81 75 751 4646.
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Zhou ZW, Ju HX, Sun MZ, Chen HM, Fu QP, Jiang DM. Serum fetuin-A levels in obese and non-obese subjects with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 476:98-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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40
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Petersen MB, Gonçalves CA, Kim YH, Grapin-Botton A. Recapitulating and Deciphering Human Pancreas Development From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in a Dish. Curr Top Dev Biol 2018; 129:143-190. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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41
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Bastidas-Ponce A, Scheibner K, Lickert H, Bakhti M. Cellular and molecular mechanisms coordinating pancreas development. Development 2017; 144:2873-2888. [PMID: 28811309 DOI: 10.1242/dev.140756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas is an endoderm-derived glandular organ that participates in the regulation of systemic glucose metabolism and food digestion through the function of its endocrine and exocrine compartments, respectively. While intensive research has explored the signaling pathways and transcriptional programs that govern pancreas development, much remains to be discovered regarding the cellular processes that orchestrate pancreas morphogenesis. Here, we discuss the developmental mechanisms and principles that are known to underlie pancreas development, from induction and lineage formation to morphogenesis and organogenesis. Elucidating such principles will help to identify novel candidate disease genes and unravel the pathogenesis of pancreas-related diseases, such as diabetes, pancreatitis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Scheibner
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany .,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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42
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Pauerstein PT, Tellez K, Willmarth KB, Park KM, Hsueh B, Efsun Arda H, Gu X, Aghajanian H, Deisseroth K, Epstein JA, Kim SK. A radial axis defined by semaphorin-to-neuropilin signaling controls pancreatic islet morphogenesis. Development 2017; 144:3744-3754. [PMID: 28893946 DOI: 10.1242/dev.148684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The islets of Langerhans are endocrine organs characteristically dispersed throughout the pancreas. During development, endocrine progenitors delaminate, migrate radially and cluster to form islets. Despite the distinctive distribution of islets, spatially localized signals that control islet morphogenesis have not been discovered. Here, we identify a radial signaling axis that instructs developing islet cells to disperse throughout the pancreas. A screen of pancreatic extracellular signals identified factors that stimulated islet cell development. These included semaphorin 3a, a guidance cue in neural development without known functions in the pancreas. In the fetal pancreas, peripheral mesenchymal cells expressed Sema3a, while central nascent islet cells produced the semaphorin receptor neuropilin 2 (Nrp2). Nrp2 mutant islet cells developed in proper numbers, but had defects in migration and were unresponsive to purified Sema3a. Mutant Nrp2 islets aggregated centrally and failed to disperse radially. Thus, Sema3a-Nrp2 signaling along an unrecognized pancreatic developmental axis constitutes a chemoattractant system essential for generating the hallmark morphogenetic properties of pancreatic islets. Unexpectedly, Sema3a- and Nrp2-mediated control of islet morphogenesis is strikingly homologous to mechanisms that regulate radial neuronal migration and cortical lamination in the developing mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip T Pauerstein
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Krissie Tellez
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kirk B Willmarth
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Keon Min Park
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brian Hsueh
- Departments of Bioengineering and of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - H Efsun Arda
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xueying Gu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Haig Aghajanian
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Departments of Bioengineering and of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan A Epstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seung K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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43
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Aamodt KI, Powers AC. Signals in the pancreatic islet microenvironment influence β-cell proliferation. Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; 19 Suppl 1:124-136. [PMID: 28880471 PMCID: PMC5679109 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The progressive loss of pancreatic β-cell mass that occurs in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is a primary factor driving efforts to identify strategies for effectively increasing, enhancing or restoring β-cell mass. While factors that seem to influence β-cell proliferation in specific contexts have been described, reliable stimulation of human β-cell proliferation has remained a challenge. Importantly, β-cells exist in the context of a complex, integrated pancreatic islet microenvironment where they interact with other endocrine cells, vascular endothelial cells, extracellular matrix, neuronal projections and islet macrophages. This review highlights different components of the pancreatic microenvironment, and reviews what is known about how signaling that occurs between β-cells and these other components influences β-cell proliferation. Future efforts to further define the role of the pancreatic islet microenvironment on β-cell proliferation may lead to the development of successful approaches to increase or restore β-cell mass in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie I. Aamodt
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alvin C. Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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44
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Hsueh B, Burns VM, Pauerstein P, Holzem K, Ye L, Engberg K, Wang AC, Gu X, Chakravarthy H, Arda HE, Charville G, Vogel H, Efimov IR, Kim S, Deisseroth K. Pathways to clinical CLARITY: volumetric analysis of irregular, soft, and heterogeneous tissues in development and disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5899. [PMID: 28724969 PMCID: PMC5517617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional tissue-structural relationships are not well captured by typical thin-section histology, posing challenges for the study of tissue physiology and pathology. Moreover, while recent progress has been made with intact methods for clearing, labeling, and imaging whole organs such as the mature brain, these approaches are generally unsuitable for soft, irregular, and heterogeneous tissues that account for the vast majority of clinical samples and biopsies. Here we develop a biphasic hydrogel methodology, which along with automated analysis, provides for high-throughput quantitative volumetric interrogation of spatially-irregular and friable tissue structures. We validate and apply this approach in the examination of a variety of developing and diseased tissues, with specific focus on the dynamics of normal and pathological pancreatic innervation and development, including in clinical samples. Quantitative advantages of the intact-tissue approach were demonstrated compared to conventional thin-section histology, pointing to broad applications in both research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hsueh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Vanessa M Burns
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Philip Pauerstein
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Katherine Holzem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kristin Engberg
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ai-Chi Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xueying Gu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Harini Chakravarthy
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - H Efsun Arda
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Gregory Charville
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Seung Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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45
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Datta P, Ayan B, Ozbolat IT. Bioprinting for vascular and vascularized tissue biofabrication. Acta Biomater 2017; 51:1-20. [PMID: 28087487 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting is a promising technology to fabricate design-specific tissue constructs due to its ability to create complex, heterocellular structures with anatomical precision. Bioprinting enables the deposition of various biologics including growth factors, cells, genes, neo-tissues and extra-cellular matrix-like hydrogels. Benefits of bioprinting have started to make a mark in the fields of tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and pharmaceutics. Specifically, in the field of tissue engineering, the creation of vascularized tissue constructs has remained a principal challenge till date. However, given the myriad advantages over other biofabrication methods, it becomes organic to expect that bioprinting can provide a viable solution for the vascularization problem, and facilitate the clinical translation of tissue engineered constructs. This article provides a comprehensive account of bioprinting of vascular and vascularized tissue constructs. The review is structured as introducing the scope of bioprinting in tissue engineering applications, key vascular anatomical features and then a thorough coverage of 3D bioprinting using extrusion-, droplet- and laser-based bioprinting for fabrication of vascular tissue constructs. The review then provides the reader with the use of bioprinting for obtaining thick vascularized tissues using sacrificial bioink materials. Current challenges are discussed, a comparative evaluation of different bioprinting modalities is presented and future prospects are provided to the reader. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Biofabrication of living tissues and organs at the clinically-relevant volumes vitally depends on the integration of vascular network. Despite the great progress in traditional biofabrication approaches, building perfusable hierarchical vascular network is a major challenge. Bioprinting is an emerging technology to fabricate design-specific tissue constructs due to its ability to create complex, heterocellular structures with anatomical precision, which holds a great promise in fabrication of vascular or vascularized tissues for transplantation use. Although a great progress has recently been made on building perfusable tissues and branched vascular network, a comprehensive review on the state-of-the-art in vascular and vascularized tissue bioprinting has not reported so far. This contribution is thus significant because it discusses the use of three major bioprinting modalities in vascular tissue biofabrication for the first time in the literature and compares their strengths and limitations in details. Moreover, the use of scaffold-based and scaffold-free bioprinting is expounded within the domain of vascular tissue fabrication.
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46
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Larsen HL, Grapin-Botton A. The molecular and morphogenetic basis of pancreas organogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 66:51-68. [PMID: 28089869 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The pancreas is an essential endoderm-derived organ that ensures nutrient metabolism via its endocrine and exocrine functions. Here we review the essential processes governing the embryonic and early postnatal development of the pancreas discussing both the mechanisms and molecules controlling progenitor specification, expansion and differentiation. We elaborate on how these processes are orchestrated in space and coordinated with morphogenesis. We draw mainly from experiments conducted in the mouse model but also from investigations in other model organisms, complementing a recent comprehensive review of human pancreas development (Jennings et al., 2015) [1]. The understanding of pancreas development in model organisms provides a framework to interpret how human mutations lead to neonatal diabetes and may contribute to other forms of diabetes and to guide the production of desired pancreatic cell types from pluripotent stem cells for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hjalte List Larsen
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3 B Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anne Grapin-Botton
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3 B Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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47
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Berclaz C, Szlag D, Nguyen D, Extermann J, Bouwens A, Marchand PJ, Nilsson J, Schmidt-Christensen A, Holmberg D, Grapin-Botton A, Lasser T. Label-free fast 3D coherent imaging reveals pancreatic islet micro-vascularization and dynamic blood flow. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:4569-4580. [PMID: 27895996 PMCID: PMC5119596 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In diabetes, pancreatic β-cells play a key role. These cells are clustered within structures called islets of Langerhans inside the pancreas and produce insulin, which is directly secreted into the blood stream. The dense vascularization of islets of Langerhans is critical for maintaining a proper regulation of blood glucose homeostasis and is known to be affected from the early stage of diabetes. The deep localization of these islets inside the pancreas in the abdominal cavity renders their in vivo visualization a challenging task. A fast label-free imaging method with high spatial resolution is required to study the vascular network of islets of Langerhans. Based on these requirements, we developed a label-free and three-dimensional imaging method for observing islets of Langerhans using extended-focus Fourier domain Optical Coherence Microscopy (xfOCM). In addition to structural imaging, this system provides three-dimensional vascular network imaging and dynamic blood flow information within islets of Langerhans. We propose our method to deepen the understanding of the interconnection between diabetes and the evolution of the islet vascular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Berclaz
- Laboratoire d’Optique Biomédicale, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL),1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
| | - Daniel Szlag
- Laboratoire d’Optique Biomédicale, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL),1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
| | - David Nguyen
- Laboratoire d’Optique Biomédicale, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL),1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Extermann
- Laboratoire d’Optique Biomédicale, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL),1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
- Hepia, University of Applied Science of Western Switzerland, 1202 Genève,
Switzerland
| | - Arno Bouwens
- Laboratoire d’Optique Biomédicale, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL),1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
| | - Paul J. Marchand
- Laboratoire d’Optique Biomédicale, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL),1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
| | | | | | - Dan Holmberg
- EMV Immunology, Lund University, 22100 Lund,
Sweden
| | | | - Theo Lasser
- Laboratoire d’Optique Biomédicale, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL),1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
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48
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Yu Y, Alkhawaji A, Ding Y, Mei J. Decellularized scaffolds in regenerative medicine. Oncotarget 2016; 7:58671-58683. [PMID: 27486772 PMCID: PMC5295461 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic organ transplantation remains the ultimate solution for end-stage organ failure. Yet, the clinical application is limited by the shortage of donor organs and the need for lifelong immunosuppression, highlighting the importance of developing effective therapeutic strategies. In the field of regenerative medicine, various regenerative technologies have lately been developed using various biomaterials to address these limitations. Decellularized scaffolds, derived mainly from various non-autologous organs, have been proved a regenerative capability in vivo and in vitro and become an emerging treatment approach. However, this regenerative capability varies between scaffolds as a result of the diversity of anatomical structure and cellular composition of organs used for decellularization. Herein, recent advances in scaffolds based on organ regeneration in vivo and in vitro are highlighted along with aspects where further investigations and analyses are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ali Alkhawaji
- Department of Anatomy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuqiang Ding
- Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jin Mei
- Department of Anatomy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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49
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Lee I. Human pancreatic islets develop through fusion of distinct β
and α
/δ
islets. Dev Growth Differ 2016; 58:635-640. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inchul Lee
- Department of Pathology; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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50
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Abstract
One of the key promises of regenerative medicine is providing a cure for diabetes. Cell-based therapies are proving their safety and efficiency, but donor beta cell shortages and immunological issues remain major hurdles. Reprogramming of human pancreatic exocrine cells towards beta cells would offer a major advantage by providing an abundant and autologous source of beta cells. Over the past decade our understanding of transdifferentiation processes greatly increased allowing us to design reprogramming protocols that fairly aim for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Staels
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yves Heremans
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Harry Heimberg
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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