1
|
Han K, Lai M, Zhao T, Yang X, An X, Chen Z. Plant YABBY transcription factors: a review of gene expression, biological functions, and prospects. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38830825 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2344576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factors often contain several different functional regions, including DNA-binding domains, and play an important regulatory role in plant growth, development, and the response to external stimuli. YABYY transcription factors are plant-specific and contain two special domains (N-terminal C2C2 zinc-finger and C-terminal helix-loop-helix domains) that are indispensable. Specifically, YABBY transcription factors play key roles in maintaining the polarity of the adaxial-abaxial axis of leaves, as well as in regulating: vegetative and reproductive growth, hormone response, stress resistance, and secondary metabolite synthesis in plants. Recently, the identification and functional verification of YABBY transcription factors in different plants has increased. On this basis, we summarize recent advances in the: identification, classification, expression patterns, and functions of the YABBY transcription factor family. The normal expression and function of YABBY transcription factors rely on a regulatory network that is established through the interaction of YABBY family members with other genes. We discuss the interaction network of YABBY transcription factors during leaf polarity establishment and floral organ development. This article provides a reference for research on YABBY function, plant genetic improvement, and molecular breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Han
- State Key Laboratory for Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Lai
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tianyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmin An
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Edet OU, Ubi BE, Ishii T. Genomic analysis of a spontaneous unifoliate mutant reveals gene candidates associated with compound leaf development in Vigna unguiculata [L] Walp. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10654. [PMID: 38724579 PMCID: PMC11082238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms which underpin compound leaf development in some legumes have been reported, but there is no previous study on the molecular genetic control of compound leaf formation in Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), an important dryland legume of African origin. In most studied species with compound leaves, class 1 KNOTTED-LIKE HOMEOBOX genes expressed in developing leaf primordia sustain morphogenetic activity, allowing leaf dissection and the development of leaflets. Other genes, such as, SINGLE LEAFLET1 in Medicago truncatula and Trifoliate in Solanum lycopersicum, are also implicated in regulating compound leaf patterning. To set the pace for an in-depth understanding of the genetics of compound leaf development in cowpea, we applied RNA-seq and whole genome shotgun sequence datasets of a spontaneous cowpea unifoliate mutant and its trifoliate wild-type cultivar to conduct comparative reference-based gene expression, de novo genome-wide isoform switch, and genome variant analyses between the two genotypes. Our results suggest that genomic variants upstream of LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL and down-stream of REVEILLE4, BRASSINOSTERIOD INSENSITIVE1 and LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES result in down-regulation of key components of cowpea circadian rhythm central oscillator and brassinosteroid signaling, resulting in unifoliate leaves and brassinosteroid-deficient-like phenotypes. We have stated hypotheses that will guide follow-up studies expected to provide more insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Offiong Ukpong Edet
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan.
- Department of Crop Science, University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.
| | - Benjamin Ewa Ubi
- Department of Biotechnology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Takayoshi Ishii
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mei G, Chen A, Wang Y, Li S, Wu M, Hu Y, Liu X, Hou X. A simple and efficient in planta transformation method based on the active regeneration capacity of plants. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100822. [PMID: 38243598 PMCID: PMC11009361 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Plant genetic transformation strategies serve as essential tools for the genetic engineering and advanced molecular breeding of plants. However, the complicated operational protocols and low efficiency of current transformation strategies restrict the genetic modification of most plant species. This paper describes the development of the regenerative activity-dependent in planta injection delivery (RAPID) method based on the active regeneration capacity of plants. In this method, Agrobacterium tumefaciens is delivered to plant meristems via injection to induce transfected nascent tissues. Stable transgenic plants can be obtained by subsequent vegetative propagation of the positive nascent tissues. The method was successfully used for transformation of plants with strong regeneration capacity, including different genotypes of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), potato (Solanum tuberosum), and bayhops (Ipomoea pes-caprae). Compared with traditional transformation methods, RAPID has a much higher transformation efficiency and shorter duration, and it does not require tissue culture procedures. The RAPID method therefore overcomes the limitations of traditional methods to enable rapid in planta transformation and can be potentially applied to a wide range of plant species that are capable of active regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoguo Mei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuquan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minyi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yilong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xingliang Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lu Z, Zhang J, Wang H, Zhang K, Gu Z, Xu Y, Zhang J, Wang M, Han L, Xiang F, Zhou C. Rewiring of a KNOXI regulatory network mediated by UFO underlies the compound leaf development in Medicago truncatula. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2988. [PMID: 38582884 PMCID: PMC10998843 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47362-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Class I KNOTTED-like homeobox (KNOXI) genes are parts of the regulatory network that control the evolutionary diversification of leaf morphology. Their specific spatiotemporal expression patterns in developing leaves correlate with the degrees of leaf complexity between simple-leafed and compound-leafed species. However, KNOXI genes are not involved in compound leaf formation in several legume species. Here, we identify a pathway for dual repression of MtKNOXI function in Medicago truncatula. PINNATE-LIKE PENTAFOLIATA1 (PINNA1) represses the expression of MtKNOXI, while PINNA1 interacts with MtKNOXI and sequesters it to the cytoplasm. Further investigations reveal that UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (MtUFO) is the direct target of MtKNOXI, and mediates the transition from trifoliate to pinnate-like pentafoliate leaves. These data suggest a new layer of regulation for morphological diversity in compound-leafed species, in which the conserved regulators of floral development, MtUFO, and leaf development, MtKNOXI, are involved in variation of pinnate-like compound leaves in M. truncatula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Hongfeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, 266199, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zhiqun Gu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yiteng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Min Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lu Han
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Fengning Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chuanen Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Meng Y, Li W, Guan Y, Song Z, He G, Peng D, Ming F. Mechanism underlying the rapid growth of Phalaenopsis equestris induced by 60Co-γ-ray irradiation. Mol Genet Genomics 2024; 299:13. [PMID: 38396305 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-024-02102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Gamma (γ)-ray irradiation is one of the important modern breeding methods. Gamma-ray irradiation can affect the growth rate and other characteristics of plants. Plant growth rate is crucial for plants. In horticultural crops, the growth rate of plants is closely related to the growth of leaves and flowering time, both of which have important ornamental value. In this study, 60Co-γ-ray was used to treat P. equestris plants. After irradiation, the plant's leaf growth rate increased, and sugar content and antioxidant enzyme activity increased. Therefore, we used RNA-seq technology to analyze the differential gene expression and pathways of control leaves and irradiated leaves. Through transcriptome analysis, we investigated the reasons for the rapid growth of P. equestris leaves after irradiation. In the analysis, genes related to cell wall relaxation and glucose metabolism showed differential expression. In addition, the expression level of genes encoding ROS scavenging enzyme synthesis regulatory genes increased after irradiation. We identified two genes related to P. equestris leaf growth using VIGS technology: PeNGA and PeEXPA10. The expression of PeEXPA10, a gene related to cell wall expansion, was down-regulated, cell wall expansion ability decreased, cell size decreased, and leaf growth rate slowed down. The TCP-NGATHA (NGA) molecular regulatory module plays a crucial role in cell proliferation. When the expression of the PeNGA gene decreases, the leaf growth rate increases, and the number of cells increases. After irradiation, PeNGA and PeEXPA10 affect the growth of P. equestris leaves by influencing cell proliferation and cell expansion, respectively. In addition, many genes in the plant hormone signaling pathway show differential expression after irradiation, indicating the crucial role of plant hormones in plant leaf growth. This provides a theoretical basis for future research on leaf development and biological breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Meng
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200234, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Wei Li
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200234, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yunxiao Guan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zihan Song
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200234, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Guoren He
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200234, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Donghui Peng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Feng Ming
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200234, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu R, Liu Z, Sun S, Qin A, Liu H, Zhou Y, Li W, Liu Y, Hu M, Yang J, Rochaix JD, An G, Herrera-Estrella L, Tran LSP, Sun X. Identification of bZIP Transcription Factors That Regulate the Development of Leaf Epidermal Cells in Arabidopsis thaliana by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2553. [PMID: 38473801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidermal cells are the main avenue for signal and material exchange between plants and the environment. Leaf epidermal cells primarily include pavement cells, guard cells, and trichome cells. The development and distribution of different epidermal cells are tightly regulated by a complex transcriptional regulatory network mediated by phytohormones, including jasmonic acid, and transcription factors. How the fate of leaf epidermal cells is determined, however, is still largely unknown due to the diversity of cell types and the complexity of their regulation. Here, we characterized the transcriptional profiles of epidermal cells in 3-day-old true leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana using single-cell RNA sequencing. We identified two genes encoding BASIC LEUCINE-ZIPPER (bZIP) transcription factors, namely bZIP25 and bZIP53, which are highly expressed in pavement cells and early-stage meristemoid cells. Densities of pavement cells and trichome cells were found to increase and decrease, respectively, in bzip25 and bzip53 mutants, compared with wild-type plants. This trend was more pronounced in the presence of jasmonic acid, suggesting that these transcription factors regulate the development of trichome cells and pavement cells in response to jasmonic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Susu Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Aizhi Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Hao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Mengke Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jincheng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jean-David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guoyong An
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Luis Herrera-Estrella
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Xuwu Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hightower AT, Chitwood DH, Josephs EB. Herbarium specimens reveal links between Capsella bursa-pastoris leaf shape and climate. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.13.580180. [PMID: 38405842 PMCID: PMC10888959 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.13.580180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Studies into the evolution and development of leaf shape have connected variation in plant form, function, and fitness. For species with consistent leaf margin features, patterns in leaf architecture are related to both biotic and abiotic factors. However, for species with inconsistent leaf margin features, quantifying leaf shape variation and the effects of environmental factors on leaf shape has proven challenging. To investigate leaf shape variation in species with inconsistent shapes, we analyzed approximately 500 digitized Capsella bursa-pastoris specimens collected throughout the continental U.S. over a 100-year period with geometric morphometric modeling and deterministic techniques. We generated a morphospace of C. bursa-pastoris leaf shapes and modeled leaf shape as a function of environment and time. Our results suggest C. bursa-pastoris leaf shape variation is strongly associated with temperature over the C. bursa-pastoris growing season, with lobing decreasing as temperature increases. While we expected to see changes in variation over time, our results show that level of leaf shape variation is consistent over the 100-year period. Our findings showed that species with inconsistent leaf shape variation can be quantified using geometric morphometric modeling techniques and that temperature is the main environmental factor influencing leaf shape variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asia T Hightower
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1226
- Ecology, Evolution, & Behavior Program, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1226
| | - Daniel H Chitwood
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, 428 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226
| | - Emily B Josephs
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1226
- Ecology, Evolution, & Behavior Program, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1226
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xing J, Yang W, Xu L, Zhang J, Yang Y, Jiang J, Huang H, Deng L, Li J, Kong W, Chen Y, Mi Q, Gao Q, Li X. Overexpression of NtLHT1 affects the development of leaf morphology and abiotic tolerance in tobacco. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 339:111961. [PMID: 38103697 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
LYSINE HISTIDINE TRANSPORTER1 (LHT1) is a crucial broad-specificity and high-affinity amino acid transporter affecting the uptake of nitrogen and probably the tolerance to abiotic stress in plants. However, little is known about the phenotypic functions of LHT1 in plant growth and development and abiotic stress tolerance. In this study, we identified the NtLHT1 gene from the tobacco variety Honghuadajinyuan (HD) and determined its important roles in leaf morphological development and plant resistance to abiotic stress. Comprehensive functional analyses using knockout and overexpression transgenic lines (ntlht1 and OE) revealed overexpression of NtLHT1 accelerated leave senescence and increased plant height, leaf number and plant tolerance under cold, salt and drought stresses. In addition, NtLHT1 overexpression significantly decreased the leaf elongation of HD, causing the leaves to change from a long-elliptical shape to an elliptical shape. However silencing NtLHT1 decreased the seed germination rate under NaCl and PEG stresses. Moreover, NtLHT1 significantly affected the contents of various amino acids, such as the neutral, acidic, non-polar and aromatic amino acids, ethylene precursor (ACC), GA3 and IAA in tobacco. These results suggested that the amino acid and ethylene precursor ACC transport activities of NtLHT1 provide fine regulatory function for plant growth and development and plant tolerance to abiotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Xing
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., No. 41 Keyi Road, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Wenwu Yang
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., No. 41 Keyi Road, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Li Xu
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., No. 41 Keyi Road, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Jianrong Zhang
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., No. 41 Keyi Road, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Yekun Yang
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., No. 41 Keyi Road, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Jiarui Jiang
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., No. 41 Keyi Road, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., No. 41 Keyi Road, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Lele Deng
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., No. 41 Keyi Road, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Jing Li
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., No. 41 Keyi Road, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Weisong Kong
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., No. 41 Keyi Road, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Yudong Chen
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., No. 41 Keyi Road, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Qili Mi
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., No. 41 Keyi Road, Kunming 650106, China.
| | - Qian Gao
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., No. 41 Keyi Road, Kunming 650106, China.
| | - Xuemei Li
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., No. 41 Keyi Road, Kunming 650106, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lv Z, Zhao W, Kong S, Li L, Lin S. Overview of molecular mechanisms of plant leaf development: a systematic review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1293424. [PMID: 38146273 PMCID: PMC10749370 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1293424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Leaf growth initiates in the peripheral region of the meristem at the apex of the stem, eventually forming flat structures. Leaves are pivotal organs in plants, serving as the primary sites for photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration. Their development is intricately governed by complex regulatory networks. Leaf development encompasses five processes: the leaf primordium initiation, the leaf polarity establishment, leaf size expansion, shaping of leaf, and leaf senescence. The leaf primordia starts from the side of the growth cone at the apex of the stem. Under the precise regulation of a series of genes, the leaf primordia establishes adaxial-abaxial axes, proximal-distal axes and medio-lateral axes polarity, guides the primordia cells to divide and differentiate in a specific direction, and finally develops into leaves of a certain shape and size. Leaf senescence is a kind of programmed cell death that occurs in plants, and as it is the last stage of leaf development. Each of these processes is meticulously coordinated through the intricate interplay among transcriptional regulatory factors, microRNAs, and plant hormones. This review is dedicated to examining the regulatory influences of major regulatory factors and plant hormones on these five developmental aspects of leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Lv
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanqi Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuxin Kong
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuyan Lin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tabusam J, Liu M, Luo L, Zulfiqar S, Shen S, Ma W, Zhao J. Physiological Control and Genetic Basis of Leaf Curvature and Heading in Brassica rapa L. J Adv Res 2023; 53:49-59. [PMID: 36581197 PMCID: PMC10658314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heading is an important agronomic feature for Chinese cabbage, cabbage, and lettuce. The heading leaves function as nutrition storage organs, which contribute to the high quality and economic worth of leafy heads. Leaf development is crucial during the heading stage, most genes previously predicted to be involved in the heading process are based on Arabidopsis leaf development studies. AIM OF REVIEW Till date, there is no published review article that demonstrated a complete layout of all the identified regulators of leaf curvature and heading. In this review, we have summarized all the identified physiological and genetic regulators that are directly or indirectly involved in leaf curvature and heading in Brassica crops. By integrating all identified regulators that provide a coherent logic of leaf incurvature and heading, we proposed a molecular mechanism in Brassica crops with graphical illustrations. This review adds value to future breeding of distinct heading kinds of cabbage and Chinese cabbage by providing unique insights into leaf development. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Leaf curvature and heading are established by synergistic interactions among genes, transcription factors, microRNAs, phytohormones, and environmental stimuli that regulate primary and secondary morphogenesis. Various genes have been identified using transformation and genome editing that are responsible for the formation of leaf curvature and heading in Brassica crops. A range of leaf morphologies have been observed in Brassica, which are established because of the mutated determinants that are responsible for cell division and leaf polarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javaria Tabusam
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China.
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China.
| | - Lei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Sumer Zulfiqar
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Shuxing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China.
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hu G, Zhang D, Luo D, Sun W, Zhou R, Hong Z, Munir S, Ye Z, Yang C, Zhang J, Wang T. SlTCP24 and SlTCP29 synergistically regulate compound leaf development through interacting with SlAS2 and activating transcription of SlCKX2 in tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1275-1291. [PMID: 37615215 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of compound leaves results primarily from the leaflet initiation and arrangement during leaf development. However, the molecular mechanism underlying compound leaf development remains a central research question. SlTCP24 and SlTCP29, two plant-specific transcription factors with the conserved TCP motif, are shown here to synergistically regulate compound leaf development in tomato. When both of them were knocked out simultaneously, the number of leaflets significantly increased, and the shape of the leaves became more complex. SlTCP24 and SlTCP29 could form both homodimers and heterodimers, and such dimerization was impeded by the leaf polarity regulator SlAS2, which interacted with SlTCP24 and SlTCP29. SlTCP24 and SlTCP29 could bind to the TCP-binding cis-element of the SlCKX2 promoter and activate its transcription. Transgenic plants with SlTCP24 and SlTCP29 double-gene knockout had a lowered transcript level of SlCKX2 and an elevated level of cytokinin. This work led to the identification of two key regulators of tomato compound leaf development and their targeted genes involved in cytokinin metabolic pathway. A model of regulation of compound leaf development was proposed based on observations of this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Danqiu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dan Luo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenhui Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rijin Zhou
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zonglie Hong
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Shoaib Munir
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Changxian Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Taotao Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dai H, Zheng S, Zhang C, Huang R, Yuan L, Tong H. Identification and expression analysis of the KNOX genes during organogenesis and stress responseness in Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:1559-1578. [PMID: 37922102 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.), whose leaves are the major reproductive organs, has been cultivated and consumed widely for its economic and health benefits. The Knotted1-like Homeobox (KNOX) proteins play significant roles in leaf morphology formation and development. However, the functions of KNOX proteins in tea plants are still unknown. Here, 11 CsKNOX genes from the tea plants were cloned and divided into Class I, II, and KNATM clades based on their protein sequences. These 11 CsKNOX genes were mapped on 8 out of 15 tea plant chromosomes, all localized in the nucleus. Specific spatiotemporal expression patterns of CsKNOX genes were found in various tissues and different development periods of buds, flowers, and roots of tea plants. Meanwhile, transcript levels of CsKNOX in tea leaves were strongly correlated with the accumulation of flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins. It was found that most of the CsKNOX genes could respond to drought, salt, cold, and exogenous MeJA and GA3 by analysis of transcriptomics data and promoter elements. The protein interaction analysis showed that CsKNOX could cooperate with CsAS1 and other critical functional proteins. In conclusion, this research provided the basic information for the functions of the CsKNOX family during organogenesis and stress response in tea plants, which was necessary for further functional characterization verification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Dai
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Zheng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Nanchuan District's Agricultural Characteristic Industry Development Center of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing, 408400, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Huang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianyu Yuan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huarong Tong
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li S, Wang S, Ye W, Yao Y, Sun F, Zhang C, Liu S, Xi Y. Effect of Mowing on Wheat Growth at Seeding Stage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15353. [PMID: 37895031 PMCID: PMC10607078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Winter wheat is used as forage at the tillering stage in many countries; however, the regrowth pattern of wheat after mowing remains unclear. In this study, the growth patterns of wheat were revealed through cytological and physiological assessments as well as transcriptome sequencing. The results of agronomic traits and paraffin sections showed that the shoot growth rate increased, but root growth was inhibited after mowing. The submicroscopic structure revealed a decrease in heterochromatin in the tillering node cell and a change in mitochondrial shape in the tillering node and secondary root. Analysis of the transcriptome showed the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions; 2492 upregulated DEGs and 1534 downregulated DEGs were identified. The results of the experimental study showed that mowing induced expression of DEGs in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and increased the activity of PAL and 4CL. The upregulated DEGs in the starch and sucrose metabolism pathways and related enzyme activity alterations indicated that the sugar degradation rate increased. The DEGs in the nitrogen metabolism pathway biosynthesis of the amino acids, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis metabolism, and in the TCA pathway also changed after mowing. Hormone content and related gene expression was also altered in the tillering and secondary roots after mowing. When jasmonic acid and ethylene were used to treat the wheat after mowing, the regeneration rate increased, whereas abscisic acid inhibited regrowth. This study revealed the wheat growth patterns after mowing, which could lead to a better understanding of the development of dual-purpose wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yajun Xi
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (S.L.); (S.W.); (W.Y.); (Y.Y.); (F.S.); (C.Z.); (S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu J, Shi X, Zhong T, Jie W, Xu R, Ding Y, Ding C. PINOID and PIN-FORMED Paralogous Genes Are Required for Leaf Morphogenesis in Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1146-1158. [PMID: 37540575 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Auxin plays an essential role in modulating leaf development. However, its role in leaf development in rice (Oryza sativa L.) remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that PINOID (OsPID) and two Sister-of-PIN1s, termed PIN-FORMED1c (OsPIN1c) and OsPIN1d, are necessary for rice leaf development. The ospin1c ospin1d null mutant lines presented severe defects in leaf morphogenesis, including drooping and semi-drooping blades, an abnormally thickened sheath and lamina joint, and fused leaves with absent ligules and auricles. Loss-of-function ospid mutants displayed generally similar leaf morphology but lacked leaf fusion. Interestingly, misshaped leaf genesis displayed a preference for being ipsilateral. In addition, OsPIN1c and OsPID were commonly localized in the initiating leaf primordia. Furthermore, accompanied by the more severe organ morphogenesis in the ospin1c ospin1d ospid triple mutant, RNA sequencing analysis revealed that many genes essential for leaf development have an altered expression level. Together, this study furthers our understanding of the role auxin transport plays during leaf development in monocot rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 602 Nanlian Road, Nanchang 330200, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi'an Shi
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhui Zhong
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanrong Jie
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihan Xu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengqiang Ding
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang X, Zhang J, Chai M, Han L, Cao X, Zhang J, Kong Y, Fu C, Wang ZY, Mysore KS, Wen J, Zhou C. The role of Class Ⅱ KNOX family in controlling compound leaf patterning in Medicago truncatula. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2279-2291. [PMID: 37526388 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Compound leaf development requires the coordination of genetic factors, hormones, and other signals. In this study, we explored the functions of Class Ⅱ KNOTTED-like homeobox (KNOXII) genes in the model leguminous plant Medicago truncatula. Phenotypic and genetic analyses suggest that MtKNOX4, 5 are able to repress leaflet formation, while MtKNOX3, 9, 10 are not involved in this developmental process. Further investigations have shown that MtKNOX4 represses the CK signal transduction, which is downstream of MtKNOXⅠ-mediated CK biosynthesis. Additionally, two boundary genes, FUSED COMPOUND LEAF1 (orthologue of Arabidopsis Class M KNOX) and NO APICAL MERISTEM (orthologue of Arabidopsis CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON), are necessary for MtKNOX4-mediated compound leaf formation. These findings suggest, that among the members of MtKNOXⅡ, MtKNOX4 plays a crucial role in integrating the CK pathway and boundary regulators, providing new insights into the roles of MtKNOXⅡ in regulating the elaboration of compound leaves in M. truncatula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Maofeng Chai
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lu Han
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiaohua Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yiming Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Chunxiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Zeng-Yu Wang
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Kirankumar S Mysore
- Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, 73401, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, 73401, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Chuanen Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shankar N, Sunkara P, Nath U. A double-negative feedback loop between miR319c and JAW-TCPs establishes growth pattern in incipient leaf primordia in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010978. [PMID: 37769020 PMCID: PMC10564139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The microRNA miR319 and its target JAW-TCP transcription factors regulate the proliferation-to-differentiation transition of leaf pavement cells in diverse plant species. In young Arabidopsis leaf primordia, JAW-TCPs are detected towards the distal region whereas the major mRNA319-encoding gene MIR319C, is expressed at the base. Little is known about how this complementary expression pattern of MIR319C and JAW-TCPs is generated. Here, we show that MIR319C is initially expressed uniformly throughout the incipient primordia and is later abruptly down-regulated at the distal region, with concomitant distal appearance of JAW-TCPs, when leaves grow to ~100 μm long. Loss of JAW-TCPs causes distal extension of the MIR319C expression domain, whereas ectopic TCP activity restricts MIR319C more proximally. JAW-TCPs are recruited to and are capable of depositing histone H3K27me3 repressive marks on the MIR319C chromatin. JAW-TCPs fail to repress MIR319C in transgenic seedlings where the TCP-binding cis-elements on MIR319C are mutated, causing miR319 gain-of-function-like phenotype in the embryonic leaves. Based on these results, we propose a model for growth patterning in leaf primordia wherein MIR319C and JAW-TCPs repress each other and divide the uniformly growing primordia into distal differentiation zone and proximal proliferation domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Shankar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Preethi Sunkara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Utpal Nath
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xia A, Zheng L, Wang Z, Wang Q, Lu M, Cui Z, He Y. The RHW1-ZCN4 regulatory pathway confers natural variation of husk leaf width in maize. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:2367-2381. [PMID: 37403373 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Maize husk leaf - the outer leafy layers covering the ear - modulates kernel yield and quality. Despite its importance, however, the genetic controls underlying husk leaf development remain elusive. Our previous genome-wide association study identified a single nucleotide polymorphism located in the gene RHW1 (Regulator of Husk leaf Width) that is significantly associated with husk leaf-width diversity in maize. Here, we further demonstrate that a polymorphic 18-bp InDel (insertion/deletion) variant in the 3' untranslated region of RHW1 alters its protein abundance and accounts for husk leaf width variation. RHW1 encodes a putative MYB-like transcriptional repressor. Disruption of RHW1 altered cell proliferation and resulted in a narrower husk leaf, whereas RHW1 overexpression yielded a wider husk leaf. RHW1 positively regulated the expression of ZCN4, a well-known TFL1-like protein involved in maize ear development. Dysfunction of ZCN4 reduced husk leaf width even in the context of RHW1 overexpression. The InDel variant in RHW1 is subject to selection and is associated with maize husk leaf adaption from tropical to temperate regions. Overall, our results identify that RHW1-ZCN4 regulates a pathway conferring husk leaf width variation at a very early stage of husk leaf development in maize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiai Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Leiming Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Zi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Maize Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, 136100, China
| | - Zhenhai Cui
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Yan He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wu Z, Jiang Z, Li Z, Jiao P, Zhai J, Liu S, Han X, Zhang S, Sun J, Gai Z, Qiu C, Xu J, Liu H, Qin R, Lu R. Multi-omics analysis reveals spatiotemporal regulation and function of heteromorphic leaves in Populus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:188-204. [PMID: 36746772 PMCID: PMC10152652 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high economic and ecological importance of forests, our knowledge of the adaptive evolution of leaf traits remains very limited. Euphrates poplar (Populus euphratica), which has high tolerance to arid environment, has evolved four heteromorphic leaf forms, including narrow (linear and lanceolate) and broad (ovate and broad-ovate) leaves on different crowns. Here, we revealed the significant functional divergence of four P. euphratica heteromorphic leaves at physiological and cytological levels. Through global analysis of transcriptome and DNA methylation across tree and leaf developmental stages, we revealed that gene expression and DNA epigenetics differentially regulated key processes involving development and functional adaptation of heteromorphic leaves, such as hormone signaling pathways, cell division, and photosynthesis. Combined analysis of gene expression, methylation, ATAC-seq, and Hi-C-seq revealed longer interaction of 3D genome, hypomethylation, and open chromatin state upregulates IAA-related genes (such as PIN-FORMED1 and ANGUSTIFOLIA3) and promotes the occurrence of broad leaves while narrow leaves were associated with highly concentrated heterochromatin, hypermethylation, and upregulated abscisic acid pathway genes (such as Pyrabactin Resistance1-like10). Therefore, development of P. euphratica heteromorphic leaves along with functional divergence was regulated by differentially expressed genes, DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, and 3D genome remodeling to adapt to the arid desert. This study advances our understanding of differential regulation on development and functional divergence of heteromorphic leaves in P. euphratica at the multi-omics level and provides a valuable resource for investigating the adaptive evolution of heteromorphic leaves in Populus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Alar 843300, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhenbo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Alar 843300, China
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Desert Poplar Research Center of Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Alar 843300, China
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Desert Poplar Research Center of Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Peipei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Alar 843300, China
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Desert Poplar Research Center of Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Juntuan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Alar 843300, China
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Desert Poplar Research Center of Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaoli Han
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Alar 843300, China
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Desert Poplar Research Center of Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Shanhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Alar 843300, China
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Desert Poplar Research Center of Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Jianhao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Alar 843300, China
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Desert Poplar Research Center of Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Zhongshuai Gai
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Alar 843300, China
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Desert Poplar Research Center of Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Alar 843300, China
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Desert Poplar Research Center of Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Jindong Xu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Rui Qin
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Rui Lu
- Wuhan Frasergen Bioinformatics, Wuhan 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tang HB, Wang J, Wang L, Shang GD, Xu ZG, Mai YX, Liu YT, Zhang TQ, Wang JW. Anisotropic cell growth at the leaf base promotes age-related changes in leaf shape in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:1386-1407. [PMID: 36748203 PMCID: PMC10118278 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants undergo extended morphogenesis. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) allows for reiterative development and the formation of new structures throughout the life of the plant. Intriguingly, the SAM produces morphologically different leaves in an age-dependent manner, a phenomenon known as heteroblasty. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the SAM produces small orbicular leaves in the juvenile phase, but gives rise to large elliptical leaves in the adult phase. Previous studies have established that a developmental decline of microRNA156 (miR156) is necessary and sufficient to trigger this leaf shape switch, although the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here we show that the gradual increase in miR156-targeted SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE transcription factors with age promotes cell growth anisotropy in the abaxial epidermis at the base of the leaf blade, evident by the formation of elongated giant cells. Time-lapse imaging and developmental genetics further revealed that the establishment of adult leaf shape is tightly associated with the longitudinal cell expansion of giant cells, accompanied by a prolonged cell proliferation phase in their vicinity. Our results thus provide a plausible cellular mechanism for heteroblasty in Arabidopsis, and contribute to our understanding of anisotropic growth in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Statistics and Mathematics, Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics, Huhehaote 010070, China
| | - Long Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guan-Dong Shang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhou-Geng Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan-Xia Mai
- Core Facility Center of CEMPS, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ye-Tong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Normal University, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Tian-Qi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nakayama H, Ichihashi Y, Kimura S. Diversity of tomato leaf form provides novel insights into breeding. BREEDING SCIENCE 2023; 73:76-85. [PMID: 37168814 PMCID: PMC10165341 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is cultivated widely globally. The crop exhibits tremendous morphological variations because of its long breeding history. Apart from the commercial tomato varieties, wild species and heirlooms are grown in certain regions of the world. Since the fruit constitutes the edible part, much of the agronomical research is focused on it. However, recent studies have indicated that leaf morphology influences fruit quality. As leaves are specialized photosynthetic organs and the vascular systems transport the photosynthetic products to sink organs, the architectural characteristics of the leaves have a strong influence on the final fruit quality. Therefore, comprehensive research focusing on both the fruit and leaf morphology is required for further tomato breeding. This review summarizes an overview of knowledge of the basic tomato leaf development, morphological diversification, and molecular mechanisms behind them and emphasizes its importance in breeding. Finally, we discuss how these findings and knowledge can be applied to future tomato breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Nakayama
- Graduate School of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Science Build. #2, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A.
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
| | | | - Seisuke Kimura
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
- Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zeng J, Yang M, Deng J, Zheng D, Lai Z, Wang-Pruski G, XuHan X, Guo R. The function of BoTCP25 in the regulation of leaf development of Chinese kale. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1127197. [PMID: 37143872 PMCID: PMC10151756 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1127197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
XG Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea cv. 'XiangGu') is a variety of Chinese kale and has metamorphic leaves attached to the true leaves. Metamorphic leaves are secondary leaves emerging from the veins of true leaves. However, it remains unknown how the formation of metamorphic leaves is regulated and whether it differs from normal leaves. BoTCP25 is differentially expressed in different parts of XG leaves and respond to auxin signals. To clarify the function of BoTCP25 in XG Chinese kale leaves, we overexpressed BoTCP25 in XG and Arabidopsis, and interestingly, its overexpression caused Chinese kale leaves to curl and changed the location of metamorphic leaves, whereas heterologous expression of BoTCP25 in Arabidopsis did not show metamorphic leaves, but only an increase in leaf number and leaf area. Further analysis of the expression of related genes in Chinese kale and Arabidopsis overexpressing BoTCP25 revealed that BoTCP25 could directly bind the promoter of BoNGA3, a transcription factor related to leaf development, and induce a significant expression of BoNGA3 in transgenic Chinese kale plants, whereas this induction of NGA3 did not occur in transgenic Arabidopsis. This suggests that the regulation of Chinese kale metamorphic leaves by BoTCP25 is dependent on a regulatory pathway or elements specific to XG and that this regulatory element may be repressed or absent from Arabidopsis. In addition, the expression of miR319's precursor, a negative regulator of BoTCP25, also differed in transgenic Chinese kale and Arabidopsis. miR319's transcrips were significantly up-regulated in transgenic Chinese kale mature leaves, while in transgenic Arabidopsis, the expression of miR319 in mature leaves was kept low. In conclusion, the differential expression of BoNGA3 and miR319 in the two species may be related to the exertion of BoTCP25 function, thus partially contributing to the differences in leaf phenotypes between overexpressed BoTCP25 in Arabidopsis and Chinese kale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengyu Yang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Deng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongyang Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gefu Wang-Pruski
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Xu XuHan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Faculté des sciences et de la technologie, Institut de la Recherche Interdiciplinaire de Toulouse (IRIT-ARI), Toulouse, France
| | - Rongfang Guo
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Rongfang Guo,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Analysis of flavonoid-related metabolites in different tissues and fruit developmental stages of blackberry based on metabolome analysis. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112313. [PMID: 36596208 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Blackberry is an economically important shrub species of Rubus in the Rosaceae family. It is rich in phenolic compounds, which have many health effects and pharmaceutical value. The utilization of metabolites from various blackberry tissues is still in the primary stage of development, so investigating the metabolites in various tissues is of practical significance. In this study, nontargeted LC - MS metabolomics was used to identify and measure metabolites in the roots, stems, leaves and fruits (green, red, and black fruits) of blackberry "Chester". We found that 1,427 and 874 metabolites were annotated in the positive and negative ion modes (POS; NEG), respectively. Differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) between the leaf and root groups were the most abundant (POS: 249; NEG: 141), and the DAMs between the green and red fruit groups were the least abundant (POS: 21; NEG: 14). Moreover, the DAMs in different fruit development stages were far less than those in different tissues. There were significant differences in flavonoid biosynthesis-related pathways among the comparison groups. Trend analysis showed that the profile 10 had the largest number of metabolites. This study provides a scientific basis for the classification and efficient utilization of resources in various tissues of blackberry plants and the directional development of blackberry products.
Collapse
|
23
|
Navarro-Cartagena S, Micol JL. Is auxin enough? Cytokinins and margin patterning in simple leaves. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:54-73. [PMID: 36180378 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between auxin and cytokinins affects facets of plant development as different as ovule formation and lateral root initiation. Moreover, cytokinins favor complexity in the development of Solanum lycopersicum and Cardamine hirsuta compound leaves. Nevertheless, no role has been proposed for cytokinins in patterning the margins of the simple leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana, a process that is assumed to be sufficiently explained by auxin localization. Here, we discuss evidence supporting the hypothesis that cytokinins play a role in simple leaf margin morphogenesis via crosstalk with auxin, as occurs in other plant developmental events. Indeed, mutant or transgenic arabidopsis plants defective in cytokinin biosynthesis or signaling, or with increased cytokinin degradation have leaf margins less serrated than the wild type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Navarro-Cartagena
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - José Luis Micol
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Genome-Wide Identification of Wheat KNOX Gene Family and Functional Characterization of TaKNOX14-D in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415918. [PMID: 36555558 PMCID: PMC9784718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The KNOX genes play important roles in maintaining SAM and regulating the development of plant leaves. However, the TaKNOX genes in wheat are still not well understood, especially their role in abiotic stress. In this study, a total of 36 KNOX genes were identified, and we demonstrated the function of the TaKNOX14-D gene under mechanical injury and cold stress. Thirty-six TaKNOX genes were divided into two groups, and thirty-four TaKNOX genes were predicted to be located in the nucleus by Cell-PLoc. These genes contained five tandem duplications. Fifteen collinear gene pairs were exhibited in wheat and rice, one collinear gene pair was exhibited in wheat and Arabidopsis. The phylogenetic tree and motif analysis suggested that the TaKNOX gene appeared before C3 and C4 diverged. Gene structure showed that the numbers of exons and introns in TaKNOX gene are different. Wheat TaKNOX genes showed different expression patterns during the wheat growth phase, with seven TaKNOX genes being highly expressed in the whole growth period. These seven genes were also highly expressed in most tissues, and also responded to most abiotic stress. Eleven TaKNOX genes were up-regulated in the tillering node during the leaf regeneration period after mechanical damage. When treating the wheat with different hormones, the expression patterns of TaKNOX were changed, and results showed that ABA promoted TaKNOX expression and seven TaKNOX genes were up-regulated under cytokinin and auxin treatment. Overexpression of the TaKNOX14-D gene in Arabidopsis could increase the leaf size, plant height and seed size. This gene overexpression in Arabidopsis also increased the compensatory growth capacity after mechanical damage. Overexpression lines also showed high resistance to cold stress. This study provides a better understanding of the TaKNOX genes.
Collapse
|
25
|
Tang F, Sun P, Zhang Q, Zhong F, Wang Y, Lu M. Insight into the formation of trumpet and needle-type leaf in Ginkgo biloba L. mutant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1081280. [PMID: 36570947 PMCID: PMC9780455 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1081280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The leaf type of a plant determines its photosynthetic efficiency and adaptation to the environment. The normal leaves of modern Ginkgo biloba, which is known as a "living fossil" in gymnosperm, evolved from needle-like to fan-shaped with obvious dichotomous venation. However, a newly discovered Ginkgo variety "SongZhen" have different leaf types on a tree, including needle-, trumpet-, strip-, and deeply split fan-shaped leaves. In order to explore the mechanism in forming these leaf types, the microscopy of different leaf types and transcriptome analysis of apical buds of branches with normal or abnormal leaves were performed. We found that the normal leaf was in an intact and unfolded fan shape, and the abnormal leaf was basically split into two parts from the petiole, and each exhibited different extent of variation. The needle-type leaves were the extreme, having no obvious palisade and spongy tissues, and the phloem cells were scattered and surrounded by xylem cells, while the trumpet-type leaves with normal vascular bundles curled inward to form a loop from the abaxial to adaxial side. The other type of leaves had the characteristics among needle-type, trumpet-type, or normal leaves. The transcriptome analysis and quantitative PCR showed that the genes related to abaxial domain were highly expressed, while the adaxial domain promoting genes were decreasingly expressed in abnormal-type leaf (ANL) buds and abnormal leaves, which might lead to the obvious abaxialized leaves of "SongZhen." In addition, the low expression of genes related to leaf boundary development in ANL buds indicated that single- or double-needle (trumpet) leaves might also be due to the leaf tissue fusion. This study provides an insight into the mechanism of the development of the abnormal leaves in "SongZhen" and lays a foundation for investigating the molecular mechanism of the leaf development in gymnosperms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of The National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengbo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of The National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | | | - Ying Wang
- Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of The National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bawa G, Liu Z, Wu R, Zhou Y, Liu H, Sun S, Liu Y, Qin A, Yu X, Zhao Z, Yang J, Hu M, Sun X. PIN1 regulates epidermal cells development under drought and salt stress using single-cell analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1043204. [PMID: 36466268 PMCID: PMC9716655 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1043204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the course of evolution, plants have developed plasticity to acclimate to environmental stresses such as drought and salt stress. These plant adaptation measures involve the activation of cascades of molecular networks involved in stress perception, signal transduction and the expression of stress related genes. Here, we investigated the role of the plasma membrane-localized transporter of auxin PINFORMED1 (PIN1) in the regulation of pavement cells (PCs) and guard cells (GCs) development under drought and salt stress conditions. The results showed that drought and salt stress treatment affected the development of PCs and GCs. Further analysis identified the different regulation mechanisms of PIN1 in regulating the developmental patterns of PCs and GCs under drought and salt stress conditions. Drought and salt stress also regulated the expression dynamics of PIN1 in pif1/3/4/5 quadruple mutants. Collectively, we revealed that PIN1 plays a crucial role in regulating plant epidermal cells development under drought and salt stress conditions, thus contributing to developmental rebustness and plasticity.
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang X, Zhang J, Zhang J, Zhou C, Han L. Genome-wide characterization of AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE family in Medicago truncatula reveals the significant roles of AINTEGUMENTAs in leaf growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1050462. [PMID: 36407624 PMCID: PMC9669440 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1050462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE (AIL) transcription factors are widely studied and play crucial roles in plant growth and development. However, the functions of the AIL family in legume species are largely unknown. In this study, 11 MtAIL genes were identified in the model legume Medicago truncatula, of which four of them are MtANTs. In situ analysis showed that MtANT1 was highly expressed in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and leaf primordium. Characterization of mtant1 mtant2 mtant3 mtant4 quadruple mutants and MtANT1-overexpressing plants revealed that MtANTs were not only necessary but also sufficient for the regulation of leaf size, and indicated that they mainly function in the regulation of cell proliferation during secondary morphogenesis of leaves in M. truncatula. This study systematically analyzed the MtAIL family at the genome-wide level and revealed the functions of MtANTs in leaf growth. Thus, these genes may provide a potential application for promoting the biomass of legume forages.
Collapse
|
28
|
Malvestiti MC, Steentjes MBF, Beenen HG, Boeren S, van Kan JAL, Shi-Kunne X. Analysis of plant cell death-inducing proteins of the necrotrophic fungal pathogens Botrytis squamosa and Botrytis elliptica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:993325. [PMID: 36304392 PMCID: PMC9593002 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.993325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fungal plant pathogens secrete proteins that manipulate the host in order to facilitate colonization. Necrotrophs have evolved specialized proteins that actively induce plant cell death by co-opting the programmed cell death machinery of the host. Besides the broad host range pathogen Botrytis cinerea, most other species within the genus Botrytis are restricted to a single host species or a group of closely related hosts. Here, we focused on Botrytis squamosa and B. elliptica, host specific pathogens of onion (Allium cepa) and lily (Lilium spp.), respectively. Despite their occurrence on different hosts, the two fungal species are each other's closest relatives. Therefore, we hypothesize that they share a considerable number of proteins to induce cell death on their respective hosts. In this study, we first confirmed the host-specificity of B. squamosa and B. elliptica. Then we sequenced and assembled high quality genomes. The alignment of these two genomes revealed a high level of synteny with few balanced structural chromosomal arrangements. To assess the cell death-inducing capacity of their secreted proteins, we produced culture filtrates of B. squamosa and B. elliptica that induced cell death responses upon infiltration in host leaves. Protein composition of the culture filtrate was analysed by mass spectrometry, and we identified orthologous proteins that were present in both samples. Subsequently, the expression of the corresponding genes during host infection was compared. RNAseq analysis showed that the majority of the orthogroups of the two sister species display similar expression patterns during infection of their respective host. The analysis of cell death-inducing proteins of B. squamosa and B. elliptica provides insights in the mechanisms used by these two Botrytis species to infect their respective hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henriek G. Beenen
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sjef Boeren
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan A. L. van Kan
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Xiaoqian Shi-Kunne
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wei L, Wen S, Ma J, Tu Z, Zhu S, Zhai X, Li H. Overexpression of LtuHB6 from Liriodendron tulipifera causes lobed-leaf formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1875-1887. [PMID: 36484027 PMCID: PMC9723050 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Liriodendron tulipifera L. is an ornamental tree species with extraordinarily lobed leaves. However, the mechanisms underlying lobed leaf formation in plants remain unclear. The transcription factor, ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEBOX 6 (HB6), plays a role in regulating leaf margin development. HB6 is involved in cell division and differentiation of developmental organs and negatively regulates abscisic acid (ABA) signal transmission under external abiotic stress; it is unclear whether HB6 performs a pivotal role in leaf morphogenesis in L. tulipifera. In this study, full-length LtuHB6 from L. tulipifera was heterologously expressed in tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana; its expression pattern was analyzed to determine its potential role in leaf development. In addition, LtuHB6 is localized in the nucleus and cell membrane of tobacco leaves. The expression of LtuHB6 was highest in mature leaves compared to the other stages of leaf development (bud growth, young leaves, and leaf senescence). Transgenic A. thaliana plants overexpressing LtuHB6 exhibited an abnormal phenotype with lobed leaves. Moreover, LtuHB6 overexpression significantly affected the expression of seven genes related to leaf serration in the initial stage of leaf primordia and altered the expression levels of hormonal genes. Our findings indicate that LtuHB6 is an essential regulatory factor in L. tulipifera lobed-leaf formation and is involved in regulating and responding to hormones. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01254-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingmin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Shaoying Wen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Jikai Ma
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Zhonghua Tu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Shenghua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Xinyu Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Huogen Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sun L, Xu S, Tang Y, Zhou Y, Wang M, Tian Y, Li G, Zhu X, Bao N, Sun L. Disposable stainless steel working electrodes for sensitive and simultaneous detection of indole-3-acetic acid and salicylic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves under biotic stresses. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7721-7730. [PMID: 36068347 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The detection of phytohormones in real time has attracted increasing attention because of their critical roles in regulating the development and signaling of plants, especially in defense against biotic stresses. Herein, stainless steel sheet electrodes modified with carbon cement were coupled with paper-based analysis devices for direct and simultaneous detection of salicylic acid (SA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in plants. We demonstrated that the excellent conductivity of stainless steel sheet electrodes enabled us to simultaneously differentiate IAA and SA at a level of 10 nM. With our approach, the content of IAA and SA in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves infected or not infected with Pst DC3000 could be rapidly quantified at the same time. Our experimental results on differentiation of IAA and SA at different time points showed that there were antagonistic interactions between the IAA and SA after infection of Arabidopsis leaves with Pst DC3000. By offering a cost-effective approach for rapid and sensitive detection of IAA and SA, this study suggests that electrochemical detection can be used in the study and development of precision agriculture technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Songzhi Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihui Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiran Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangxi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ning Bao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lijun Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Forgione I, Muto A, Woloszynska M, Chiappetta AA, Ferrari M, Van Lijsebettens M, Bitonti MB, Bruno L. Epigenetic mechanisms affect the curled leaf phenotype in the hypomethylated ddc mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 319:111254. [PMID: 35487663 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ddc mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana is characterized by pleiotropic phenotypic alterations including a curl-shaped leaf, previously explained by disturbed auxin metabolism and transport. The present study was aimed at further explore the molecular bases underlying the abnormal phenotype of the ddc leaf. We demonstrated that genes specifically related to leaf fate commitment and morphogenesis were misexpressed on developing ddc leaves, such as upregulation of CURLY LEAF (CLF) and downregulation of ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2), KNOTTED-like gene from A. thaliana (KNAT6), TEOSINTE-LIKE1 CYCLOIDEA and PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR 2 (TCP2) and others. The CLF gene, encoding a component of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) which adds trimethylation marks at Lys27 of histone H3, was overexpressed in the ddc mutant and concomitantly was correlated with DNA methylation-dependent repression of its negative regulator UCL1. KNAT6, encoding a class 1 KNOX homeotic gene, had increased H3K27me3 trimethylation levels, suggesting it is a target gene of the CLF containing PRC2 complex in the ddc mutant. We postulate that different epigenetic mechanisms modulate expression of genes related to auxin pathways as well as gene targets of Polycomb repressive action, during leaf morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivano Forgione
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Antonella Muto
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Magdalena Woloszynska
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Animal Sciences, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Kozuchowska 7, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Adriana Ada Chiappetta
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Michele Ferrari
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Mieke Van Lijsebettens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Maria Beatrice Bitonti
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Bruno
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang F, Sun Z, Zhu M, Zhang Q, Sun Y, Sun W, Wu C, Li T, Zhao Y, Ma C, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Wang Z. Dissecting the Molecular Regulation of Natural Variation in Growth and Senescence of Two Eutrema salsugineum Ecotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116124. [PMID: 35682805 PMCID: PMC9181637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt cress (Eutrema salsugineum, aka Thellungiella salsuginea) is an extremophile and a close relative of Arabidopsis thaliana. To understand the mechanism of selection of complex traits under natural variation, we analyzed the physiological and proteomic differences between Shandong (SD) and Xinjiang (XJ) ecotypes. The SD ecotype has dark green leaves, short and flat leaves, and more conspicuous taproots, and the XJ ecotype had greater biomass and showed clear signs of senescence or leaf shedding with age. After 2-DE separation and ESI-MS/MS identification, between 25 and 28 differentially expressed protein spots were identified in shoots and roots, respectively. The proteins identified in shoots are mainly involved in cellular metabolic processes, stress responses, responses to abiotic stimuli, and aging responses, while those identified in roots are mainly involved in small-molecule metabolic processes, oxidation-reduction processes, and responses to abiotic stimuli. Our data revealed the evolutionary differences at the protein level between these two ecotypes. Namely, in the evolution of salt tolerance, the SD ecotype highly expressed some stress-related proteins to structurally adapt to the high salt environment in the Yellow River Delta, whereas the XJ ecotype utilizes the specialized energy metabolism to support this evolution of the short-lived xerophytes in the Xinjiang region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanhua Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (F.W.); (Z.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.S.); (C.W.); (T.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Zhibin Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (F.W.); (Z.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.S.); (C.W.); (T.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (H.Z.)
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (F.W.); (Z.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.S.); (C.W.); (T.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Qikun Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (F.W.); (Z.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.S.); (C.W.); (T.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yufei Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (F.W.); (Z.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.S.); (C.W.); (T.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Wei Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (F.W.); (Z.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.S.); (C.W.); (T.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Chunxia Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (F.W.); (Z.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.S.); (C.W.); (T.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Tongtong Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (F.W.); (Z.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.S.); (C.W.); (T.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yiwu Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (F.W.); (Z.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.S.); (C.W.); (T.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Changle Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (F.W.); (Z.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.S.); (C.W.); (T.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (F.W.); (Z.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.S.); (C.W.); (T.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yanxiu Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (F.W.); (Z.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.S.); (C.W.); (T.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (H.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zenglan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (F.W.); (Z.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.S.); (C.W.); (T.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (H.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Z.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yu Z, Hong L, Li QQ. Signatures of mRNA Alternative Polyadenylation in Arabidopsis Leaf Development. Front Genet 2022; 13:863253. [PMID: 35559042 PMCID: PMC9086830 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.863253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) of pre-mRNA is an important co-transcriptional mechanism that modulates gene expression, leading to transcriptomic and functional diversities. The role of APA in Arabidopsis leaf development, however, remains elusive. We applied a poly(A)-tag sequencing (PAT-seq) technique to characterize APA-mediated regulation events in cotyledon and in five stages of true leaf development. Over 60% APA was identified in genes expressed in leaves, consistent with the results in previous publications. However, a reduced APA level was detected in younger leaves, reaching 44% in the 18th true leaf. Importantly, we also found that >70% of the poly(A) site usages were altered in the second true leaf relative to the cotyledon. Compared with the cotyledon, more genes in the second true leaf tended to use the distal site of 3′UTR, but this was not found in pairwise comparison among other true leaves. In addition, a significant APA gene was found to be decreased in a pairwise comparison among true leaves, including differentially expressed genes. The APA genes identified herein were associated with specific biological processes, including metabolic and cellular processes and response to stimuli and hormones. These results provide a new insight into the regulation of Arabidopsis leaf development through APA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Liwei Hong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingshun Q Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jathar V, Saini K, Chauhan A, Rani R, Ichihashi Y, Ranjan A. Spatial control of cell division by GA-OsGRF7/8 module in a leaf explaining the leaf length variation between cultivated and wild rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:867-883. [PMID: 35152411 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cellular and genetic understanding of the rice leaf size regulation is limited, despite rice being the staple food of more than half of the global population. We investigated the mechanism controlling the rice leaf length using cultivated and wild rice accessions that remarkably differed for leaf size. Comparative transcriptomics, gibberellic acid (GA) quantification and leaf kinematics of the contrasting accessions suggested the involvement of GA, cell cycle and growth-regulating factors (GRFs) in the rice leaf size regulation. Zone-specific expression analysis and VIGS established the functions of specific GRFs in the process. The leaf length of the selected accessions was strongly correlated with GA levels. Higher GA content in wild rice accessions with longer leaves and GA-induced increase in the leaf length via an increase in cell division confirmed a GA-mediated regulation of division zone in rice. Downstream to GA, OsGRF7 and OsGRF8 function for controlling cell division to determine the rice leaf length. Spatial control of cell division to determine the division zone size mediated by GA and downstream OsGRF7 and OsGRF8 explains the leaf length differences between the cultivated and wild rice. This mechanism to control the rice leaf length might have contributed to optimizing leaf size during domestication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Jathar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kumud Saini
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ashish Chauhan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ruchi Rani
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Yasunori Ichihashi
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Aashish Ranjan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zeng RF, Fu LM, Deng L, Liu MF, Gan ZM, Zhou H, Hu SF, Hu CG, Zhang JZ. CiKN1 and CiKN6 are involved in leaf development in citrus by regulating CimiR164. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:828-848. [PMID: 35165956 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Fang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Li-Ming Fu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Luo Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mei-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhi-Meng Gan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Si-Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chun-Gen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Du J, Li B, Lu X, Yang X, Guo X, Zhao C. Quantitative phenotyping and evaluation for lettuce leaves of multiple semantic components. PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:54. [PMID: 35468831 PMCID: PMC9036747 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00890-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classification and phenotype identification of lettuce leaves urgently require fine quantification of their multi-semantic traits. Different components of lettuce leaves undertake specific physiological functions and can be quantitatively described and interpreted using their observable properties. In particular, petiole and veins determine mechanical support and material transport performance of leaves, while other components may be closely related to photosynthesis. Currently, lettuce leaf phenotyping does not accurately differentiate leaf components, and there is no comparative evaluation for positive-back of the same lettuce leaf. In addition, a few traits of leaf components can be measured manually, but it is time-consuming, laborious, and inaccurate. Although several studies have been on image-based phenotyping of leaves, there is still a lack of robust methods to extract and validate multi-semantic traits of large-scale lettuce leaves automatically. RESULTS In this study, we developed an automated phenotyping pipeline to recognize the components of detached lettuce leaves and calculate multi-semantic traits for phenotype identification. Six semantic segmentation models were constructed to extract leaf components from visible images of lettuce leaves. And then, the leaf normalization technique was used to rotate and scale different leaf sizes to the "size-free" space for consistent leaf phenotyping. A novel lamina-based approach was also utilized to determine the petiole, first-order vein, and second-order veins. The proposed pipeline contributed 30 geometry-, 20 venation-, and 216 color-based traits to characterize each lettuce leaf. Eleven manually measured traits were evaluated and demonstrated high correlations with computation results. Further, positive-back images of leaves were used to verify the accuracy of the proposed method and evaluate the trait differences. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method lays an effective strategy for quantitative analysis of detached lettuce leaves' fine structure and components. Geometry, color, and vein traits of lettuce leaf and its components can be comprehensively utilized for phenotype identification and breeding of lettuce. This study provides valuable perspectives for developing automated high-throughput phenotyping application of lettuce leaves and the improvement of agronomic traits such as effective photosynthetic area and vein configuration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Du
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xianju Lu
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozeng Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li MH, Liu KW, Li Z, Lu HC, Ye QL, Zhang D, Wang JY, Li YF, Zhong ZM, Liu X, Yu X, Liu DK, Tu XD, Liu B, Hao Y, Liao XY, Jiang YT, Sun WH, Chen J, Chen YQ, Ai Y, Zhai JW, Wu SS, Zhou Z, Hsiao YY, Wu WL, Chen YY, Lin YF, Hsu JL, Li CY, Wang ZW, Zhao X, Zhong WY, Ma XK, Ma L, Huang J, Chen GZ, Huang MZ, Huang L, Peng DH, Luo YB, Zou SQ, Chen SP, Lan S, Tsai WC, Van de Peer Y, Liu ZJ. Genomes of leafy and leafless Platanthera orchids illuminate the evolution of mycoheterotrophy. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:373-388. [PMID: 35449401 PMCID: PMC9023349 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To improve our understanding of the origin and evolution of mycoheterotrophic plants, we here present the chromosome-scale genome assemblies of two sibling orchid species: partially mycoheterotrophic Platanthera zijinensis and holomycoheterotrophic Platanthera guangdongensis. Comparative analysis shows that mycoheterotrophy is associated with increased substitution rates and gene loss, and the deletion of most photoreceptor genes and auxin transporter genes might be linked to the unique phenotypes of fully mycoheterotrophic orchids. Conversely, trehalase genes that catalyse the conversion of trehalose into glucose have expanded in most sequenced orchids, in line with the fact that the germination of orchid non-endosperm seeds needs carbohydrates from fungi during the protocorm stage. We further show that the mature plant of P. guangdongensis, different from photosynthetic orchids, keeps expressing trehalase genes to hijack trehalose from fungi. Therefore, we propose that mycoheterotrophy in mature orchids is a continuation of the protocorm stage by sustaining the expression of trehalase genes. Our results shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying initial, partial and full mycoheterotrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-He Li
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ke-Wei Liu
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, State Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hsiang-Chia Lu
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Qin-Liang Ye
- Zijin Baixi Provincial Nature Reserve of Guangdong, Heyuan, China
| | - Diyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- Zijin Baixi Provincial Nature Reserve of Guangdong, Heyuan, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Zhong
- Zijin Baixi Provincial Nature Reserve of Guangdong, Heyuan, China
| | - Xuedie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xia Yu
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ding-Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiong-De Tu
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xing-Yu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ting Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinliao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Qiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ye Ai
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun-Wen Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wu
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Yun Hsiao
- Orchid Research and Development Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lin Wu
- Orchid Research and Development Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - You-Yi Chen
- Orchid Research and Development Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fu Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ling Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Xiao-Kai Ma
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gui-Zhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ming-Zhong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Laiqiang Huang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, State Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong-Hui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi-Bo Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shi-Pin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siren Lan
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Wen-Chieh Tsai
- Orchid Research and Development Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium.
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
- College of Horticulture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
- Henry Fok College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
He S, Ma R, Liu Z, Zhang D, Wang S, Guo Y, Chen M. Overexpression of BnaAGL11, a MADS-Box Transcription Factor, Regulates Leaf Morphogenesis and Senescence in Brassica napus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3420-3434. [PMID: 35261232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that SEEDSTICK/AGAMOUS-LIKE 11 (AtSTK/AtAGL11), a MADS-box transcription factor, plays important roles in many biological processes in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the function of BnaAGL11, an AtAGL11 homologous gene from Brassica napus, in leaf development remains unknown. Here, we found that the ectopic expression of any copy of Bna.C09.AGL11, Bna.A03.AGL11, and Bna.A09.AGL11 in A. thaliana led to smaller and curly leaves and promoted leaf senescence. Consistently, the overexpression of Bna.C09.AGL11 in B. napus also caused smaller and curly leaves and accelerated leaf senescence. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Bna.C09.AGL11 controlled leaf morphogenesis by indirectly downregulating the genes of Bna.A01.DWF4 and Bna.C07.PGX3 and promoted leaf senescence by indirectly upregulating the genes of Bna.A04.ABI5, Bna.A05.ABI5, Bna.C04.ABI5-1, and Bna.C01.SEN4 and directly activating the transcription of Bna.C04.ABI5-2 and Bna.C03.SEN4 genes. Our results provide new insights into the underlying regulatory mechanism of BnaAGL11 during leaf development in B. napus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangcheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis, and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis, and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis, and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Da Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis, and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis, and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis, and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingxun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis, and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Population Variability of Almond-Leaved Willow (Salix triandra L.) Based on the Leaf Morphometry: Isolation by Distance and Environment Explain Phenotypic Diversity. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13030420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Almond-leaved willow (Salix triandra L., Salicaceae) is a dioecious shrub, rarely a small tree that grows under various environmental conditions. We examined the population structure of 12 populations of almond-leaved willow using nine leaf morphological traits and specific leaf area. Populations were selected from a range of habitats, from continental to the sub-Mediterranean zone, to examine the influence of environmental conditions (climate and altitude) and geographic distance on leaf variability. Significant differences were confirmed among all populations for all traits, with significant correlations between geographic location of populations and morphological traits, and between environmental conditions and morphological traits. Large-leaved populations were found in continental and sub-Mediterranean climates, while small-leaved populations were found in higher elevations and smaller karstic rivers. In addition, populations from floodplains showed greater variability than populations from the karstic habitats, indicating a positive influence of lowland habitats and possible underlying differences in gene pool size. In conclusion, we found that environmental conditions and geographical distances in addition to genetic drift, are the main influences on the variability in almond-leaved willow, with the species showing a high level of plasticity and adaptation to local environmental conditions.
Collapse
|
40
|
Kusnandar AS, Itoh JI, Sato Y, Honda E, Hibara KI, Kyozuka J, Naramoto S. NARROW AND DWARF LEAF 1, the Ortholog of Arabidopsis ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION1/DORNRÖSCHEN, Mediates Leaf Development and Maintenance of the Shoot Apical Meristem in Oryza sativa L. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:265-278. [PMID: 34865135 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The molecular basis for leaf development, a major focus in developmental biology, remains unclear in the monocotyledonous grass, rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we performed a mutant screen in rice and identified an AP2-type transcription factor family protein, NARROW AND DWARF LEAF1 (NDL1). NDL1 is the ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana (subsequently called Arabidopsis) ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION1 (ESR1)/DORNRÖSCHEN (DRN) and mediates leaf development and maintenance of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Loss of function of NDL1 results in bladeless leaves and SAMs that are flat, rather than dome-shaped, and lack cell proliferation activity. This loss of function also causes reduced auxin signaling. Moreover, as is the case with Arabidopsis ESR1/DRN, NDL1 plays crucial roles in shoot regeneration. Importantly, we found that NDL1 is not expressed in the SAM but is expressed in leaf primordia. We propose that NDL1 cell autonomously regulates leaf development, but non-cell autonomously regulates SAM maintenance in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun-Ichi Itoh
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Yutaka Sato
- Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540 Japan
| | - Eriko Honda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Hibara
- Graduate School of Agricultural Regional Vitalization, Kibi International University, Minamiawaji, Hyogo, 656-0484 Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577 Japan
| | - Satoshi Naramoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810 Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hu Y, Zhang H, Qian Q, Lin G, Wang J, Sun J, Li Y, Jang JC, Li W. The Potential Roles of Unique Leaf Structure for the Adaptation of Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf. in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:512. [PMID: 35214845 PMCID: PMC8875413 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leaves are essential plant organs with numerous variations in shape and size. The leaf size is generally smaller in plants that thrive in areas of higher elevation and lower annual mean temperature. The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is situated at an altitude of >4000 m with relatively low annual average temperatures. Most plant species found on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau have small leaves, with Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf. being an exception. Here, we show that the large leaves of R. tanguticum with a unique three-dimensional (3D) shape are potentially an ideal solution for thermoregulation with little energy consumption. With the increase in age, the shape of R. tanguticum leaves changed from a small oval plane to a large palmatipartite 3D shape. Therefore, R. tanguticum is a highly heteroblastic species. The leaf shape change during the transition from the juvenile to the adult phase of the development in R. tanguticum is a striking example of the manifestation of plant phenotypic plasticity. The temperature variation in different parts of the leaf was a distinct character of leaves of over-5-year-old plants. The temperature of single-plane leaves under strong solar radiation could accumulate heat rapidly and resulted in temperatures much higher than the ambient temperature. However, leaves of over-5-year-old plants could lower leaf temperature by avoiding direct exposure to solar radiation and promoting local airflow to prevent serious tissue damage by sunburn. Furthermore, the net photosynthesis rate was correlated with the heterogeneity of the leaf surface temperature. Our results demonstrate that the robust 3D shape of the leaf is a strategy that R. tanguticum has developed evolutionarily to adapt to the strong solar radiation and low temperature on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Hu
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (Q.Q.); (J.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Huixuan Zhang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (Q.Q.); (J.W.); (J.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Qian
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (Q.Q.); (J.W.); (J.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gonghua Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China;
| | - Jun Wang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (Q.Q.); (J.W.); (J.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (Q.Q.); (J.W.); (J.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Li
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (Q.Q.); (J.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Jyan-Chyun Jang
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wenjing Li
- Scientific Research and Popularization Base of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Biology, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Molecular Characterization of the miR156/MsSPL Model in Regulating the Compound Leaf Development and Abiotic Stress Response in Alfalfa. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020331. [PMID: 35205375 PMCID: PMC8871590 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant leaf patterns and shapes are spectacularly diverse. Changing the complexity of leaflet numbers is a valuable approach to increase its nutrition and photosynthesis. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the most important forage legume species and has diversified compound leaf patterns, which makes it a model species for studying compound leaf development. However, transcriptomic information from alfalfa remains limited. In this study, RNA-Seq technology was used to identify 3746 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between multifoliate and trifoliate alfalfa. Through an analysis of annotation information and expression data, SPL, one of the key regulators in modifiable plant development and abiotic stress response, was further analyzed. Here, thirty MsSPL genes were obtained from the alfalfa genome, of which 16 had the putative miR156 binding site. A tissue expression pattern analysis showed that the miR156-targeted MsSPLs were divided into two classes, namely, either tissue-specific or widely expressed in all tissues. All miR156-targeted SPLs strongly showed diversification and positive roles under drought and salt conditions. Importantly, miR156/MsSPL08 was significantly suppressed in multifoliate alfalfa. Furthermore, in the paralogous mutant of MsSPL08 isolated from Medicago truncatula, the phenotypes of mutant plants reveal that miR156/MsSPL08 is involved not only involved the branches but also especially regulates the number of leaflets. The legume is a typical compound leaf plant; the ratio of the leaflet often affects the quality of the forage. This study sheds light on new functions of SPL genes that regulate leaflet number development.
Collapse
|
43
|
Mo X, He L, Liu Y, Wang D, Zhao B, Chen J. The Genetic Control of the Compound Leaf Patterning in Medicago truncatula. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:749989. [PMID: 35095943 PMCID: PMC8792858 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.749989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Simple and compound which are the two basic types of leaves are distinguished by the pattern of the distribution of blades on the petiole. Compared to simple leaves comprising a single blade, compound leaves have multiple blade units and exhibit more complex and diverse patterns of organ organization, and the molecular mechanisms underlying their pattern formation are receiving more and more attention in recent years. Studies in model legume Medicago truncatula have led to an improved understanding of the genetic control of the compound leaf patterning. This review is an attempt to summarize the current knowledge about the compound leaf morphogenesis of M. truncatula, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in pattern formation. It also includes some comparisons of the molecular mechanisms between leaf morphogenesis of different model species and offers useful information for the molecular design of legume crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Mo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangliang He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ye Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dongfa Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Baolin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tang Y, Li H, Liu C, He Y, Wang H, Zhao T, Xu X, Li J, Yang H, Jiang J. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of the SlSRM1-like gene leads to abnormal leaf development in tomatoes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:13. [PMID: 34979927 PMCID: PMC8722279 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaves, which are the most important organs of plants, can not only fix carbon sources through photosynthesis, but also absorb nutrients through transpiration. Leaf development directly determines the growth, flowering and fruiting of plants. There are many factors that affect leaf development, such as the growth environment, gene expression, and hormone synthesis. In this study, tomatoes were used to study the role of the transcription factor Solanum lycopersicum salt-related MYB1-like (SlSRM1-like) in the development of tomato leaves. RESULTS Loss-of-function of the SlSRM1-like gene mediated by clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) resulted in abnormal tomato leaf morphology, including thinner leaves, wrinkled edges, raised veins, disordered edge veins, and left and right asymmetry. An analysis of the transcription levels of genes related to leaf development revealed that the expression of these genes was significantly altered in the SlSRM1-like mutants (SlSRM1-like-Ms). Moreover, the SlSRM1-like gene was expressed at higher transcription levels in young tissues than in old tissues, and its expression was also induced in response to auxin. In addition, the transcription levels of genes related to the auxin pathway, which regulates tomato growth and development, were severely affected in the SlSRM1-like-Ms. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the SlSRM1-like gene functions in the regulation of tomato leaf development through the auxin-related pathway. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we successfully knocked out the SlSRM1-like gene in the tomato variety Ailsa Craig using CRISPR technology and found that knockout of the SlSRM1-like gene resulted in abnormal development of tomato leaves. Further research indicated that SlSRM1-like regulated tomato leaf development through auxin-related pathways. The results provide an important reference for the functional study of other SRM1-like genes in plants and provide new insights into the regulation of leaf development in tomato and other plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Huijia Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Chunxin Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Yuqing He
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Hexuan Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Jingfu Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Jingbin Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang Province China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Guo Y, Nitzan M, Brenner MP. Programming cell growth into different cluster shapes using diffusible signals. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009576. [PMID: 34748539 PMCID: PMC8601629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in genetic engineering technologies have allowed the construction of artificial genetic circuits, which have been used to generate spatial patterns of differential gene expression. However, the question of how cells can be programmed, and how complex the rules need to be, to achieve a desired tissue morphology has received less attention. Here, we address these questions by developing a mathematical model to study how cells can collectively grow into clusters with different structural morphologies by secreting diffusible signals that can influence cellular growth rates. We formulate how growth regulators can be used to control the formation of cellular protrusions and how the range of achievable structures scales with the number of distinct signals. We show that a single growth inhibitor is insufficient for the formation of multiple protrusions but may be achieved with multiple growth inhibitors, and that other types of signals can regulate the shape of protrusion tips. These examples illustrate how our approach could potentially be used to guide the design of regulatory circuits for achieving a desired target structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yipei Guo
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mor Nitzan
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Brenner
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Olas JJ, Apelt F, Annunziata MG, John S, Richard SI, Gupta S, Kragler F, Balazadeh S, Mueller-Roeber B. Primary carbohydrate metabolism genes participate in heat-stress memory at the shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:1508-1524. [PMID: 34052393 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) is essential for the growth of aboveground organs. However, little is known about its molecular responses to abiotic stresses. Here, we show that the SAM of Arabidopsis thaliana displays an autonomous heat-stress (HS) memory of a previous non-lethal HS, allowing the SAM to regain growth after exposure to an otherwise lethal HS several days later. Using RNA sequencing, we identified genes participating in establishing the SAM's HS transcriptional memory, including the stem cell (SC) regulators CLAVATA1 (CLV1) and CLV3, HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 17.6A (HSP17.6A), and the primary carbohydrate metabolism gene FRUCTOSE-BISPHOSPHATE ALDOLASE 6 (FBA6). We demonstrate that sugar availability is essential for survival of plants at high temperature. HEAT SHOCK TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR A2 (HSFA2A) directly regulates the expression of HSP17.6A and FBA6 by binding to the heat-shock elements in their promoters, indicating that HSFA2 is required for transcriptional activation of SAM memory genes. Collectively, these findings indicate that plants have evolved a sophisticated protection mechanism to maintain SCs and, hence, their capacity to re-initiate shoot growth after stress release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Jadwiga Olas
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Federico Apelt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Maria Grazia Annunziata
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sheeba John
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sarah Isabel Richard
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Friedrich Kragler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Challa KR, Rath M, Sharma AN, Bajpai AK, Davuluri S, Acharya KK, Nath U. Active suppression of leaflet emergence as a mechanism of simple leaf development. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:1264-1275. [PMID: 34312497 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Angiosperm leaves show extensive shape diversity and are broadly divided into two forms; simple leaves with intact lamina and compound leaves with lamina dissected into leaflets. The mechanistic basis of margin dissection and leaflet initiation has been inferred primarily by analysing compound-leaf architecture, and thus whether the intact lamina of simple leaves has the potential to initiate leaflets upon endogenous gene inactivation remains unclear. Here, we show that the CINCINNATA-like TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, PROLIFERATING CELL FACTORS (CIN-TCP) transcription factors activate the class II KNOTTED1-LIKE (KNOX-II) genes and the CIN-TCP and KNOX-II proteins together redundantly suppress leaflet initiation in simple leaves. Simultaneous downregulation of CIN-TCP and KNOX-II in Arabidopsis leads to the reactivation of the stemness genes KNOX-I and CUPSHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC) and triggers ectopic organogenesis, eventually converting the simple lamina to a super-compound form that appears to initiate leaflets indefinitely. Thus, a conserved developmental mechanism promotes simple leaf architecture in which CIN-TCP-KNOX-II forms a strong differentiation module that suppresses the KNOX-I-CUC network and leaflet initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Reddy Challa
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Monalisha Rath
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anurag N Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | | | | | | | - Utpal Nath
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Auxin and Cytokinin Interplay during Leaf Morphogenesis and Phyllotaxy. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081732. [PMID: 34451776 PMCID: PMC8400353 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Auxins (IAA) and cytokinins (CKs) are the most influential phytohormones, having multifaceted roles in plants. They are key regulators of plant growth and developmental processes. Additionally, their interplay exerts tight control on plant development and differentiation. Although several reviews have been published detailing the auxin-cytokinin interplay in controlling root growth and differentiation, their roles in the shoot, particularly in leaf morphogenesis are largely unexplored. Recent reports have provided new insights on the roles of these two hormones and their interplay on leaf growth and development. In this review, we focus on the effect of auxins, CKs, and their interactions in regulating leaf morphogenesis. Additionally, the regulatory effects of the auxins and CKs interplay on the phyllotaxy of plants are discussed.
Collapse
|
49
|
Cui G, Zhao M, Tan H, Wang Z, Meng M, Sun F, Zhang C, Xi Y. RNA Sequencing Reveals Dynamic Carbohydrate Metabolism and Phytohormone Signaling Accompanying Post-mowing Regeneration of Forage Winter Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:664933. [PMID: 34394136 PMCID: PMC8358837 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.664933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is used as fresh green winter forage worldwide, and its ability to regenerate after mowing determines whether it can be used for forage production; however, the molecular mechanism of regeneration is poorly understood. This study identified long-chain coding and non-coding RNAs in the wheat cultivar "XN9106," which is cultivated for forage and grain production separately in winter and summer, and analyzed their function during post-mowing regeneration. The results showed that the degradation of carbohydrate plays an important role in regeneration, as demonstrated by decreased carbohydrate content. The increased gene expression of enzymes including β-amylase, β-fructofuranosidase, sucrose synthase, sucrose-6-phosphate synthase, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase in mowed seedlings suggests regeneration is fueled by degraded carbohydrates that provide energy and carbon skeletons for the Krebs cycle and amino acid synthesis. The decreased auxin content relieved the inhibition of cytokinin synthesis, that controls the transition from cell division to cell expansion and stimulates cell expansion and differentiation during the cell expansion phase, and eventually accelerate post-mowing regeneration of seedlings. Additionally, differentially expressed long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) might participate in the regulation of gene expression related to carbohydrate metabolism and hormone signal transduction. This study demonstrated the responses of key mRNAs and lncRNAs during post-mowing regeneration of winter wheat and revealed the importance of carbohydrate and hormone during regeneration, providing valuable information for genetic improvement of forage wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guibin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Hongbin Tan
- Shaanxi Province Seed Industry Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an, China
| | - Zhulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Min Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Fengli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Yajun Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kumar S, Sharma V, Kumari R. Fabaceae leaf morphogenetic evolution: the leaf-lamina architectural variation in the Fabaceae flora of Indian Western Ghats, compared with that genetically characterized in the Fabaceae model species Pisum sativum and Medicago truncatula. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43538-021-00037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|