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Bărar AA, Pralea IE, Maslyennikov Y, Munteanu R, Berindan-Neagoe I, Pîrlog R, Rusu I, Nuțu A, Rusu CC, Moldovan DT, Potra AR, Tirinescu D, Ticala M, Elec FI, Iuga CA, Kacso IM. Minimal Change Disease: Pathogenetic Insights from Glomerular Proteomics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5613. [PMID: 38891801 PMCID: PMC11171934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying podocyte dysfunction in minimal change disease (MCD) remains unknown. This study aimed to shed light on the potential pathophysiology of MCD using glomerular proteomic analysis. Shotgun proteomics using label-free quantitative mass spectrometry was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) renal biopsies from two groups of samples: control (CTR) and MCD. Glomeruli were excised from FFPE renal biopsies using laser capture microdissection (LCM), and a single-pot solid-phase-enhanced sample preparation (SP3) digestion method was used to improve yield and protein identifications. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a distinct separation between the CTR and MCD groups. Forty-eight proteins with different abundance between the two groups (p-value ≤ 0.05 and |FC| ≥ 1.5) were identified. These may represent differences in podocyte structure, as well as changes in endothelial or mesangial cells and extracellular matrix, and some were indeed found in several of these structures. However, most differentially expressed proteins were linked to the podocyte cytoskeleton and its dynamics. Some of these proteins are known to be involved in focal adhesion (NID1 and ITGA3) or slit diaphragm signaling (ANXA2, TJP1 and MYO1C), while others are structural components of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton of podocytes (ACTR3 and NES). This study suggests the potential of mass spectrometry-based shotgun proteomic analysis with LCM glomeruli to yield valuable insights into the pathogenesis of podocytopathies like MCD. The most significantly dysregulated proteins in MCD could be attributable to cytoskeleton dysfunction or may be a compensatory response to cytoskeleton malfunction caused by various triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrada Alina Bărar
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Ioana-Ecaterina Pralea
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Center for Advanced Medicine–MedFuture, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 4-6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Yuriy Maslyennikov
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Raluca Munteanu
- Department of In Vivo Studies, Research Center for Advanced Medicine–MedFuture, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.-N.); (R.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Radu Pîrlog
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.-N.); (R.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Ioana Rusu
- Department of Pathology, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400394 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Andreea Nuțu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.-N.); (R.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Crina Claudia Rusu
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Diana Tania Moldovan
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Alina Ramona Potra
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Dacian Tirinescu
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Maria Ticala
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
| | - Florin Ioan Elec
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cristina Adela Iuga
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Center for Advanced Medicine–MedFuture, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 4-6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ina Maria Kacso
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.B.); (Y.M.); (C.C.R.); (D.T.M.); (A.R.P.); (D.T.); (M.T.); (I.M.K.)
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Finn LS. Nephrotic Syndrome Throughout Childhood: Diagnosing Podocytopathies From the Womb to the Dorm. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2024:10935266241242669. [PMID: 38745407 DOI: 10.1177/10935266241242669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The etiologies of podocyte dysfunction that lead to pediatric nephrotic syndrome (NS) are vast and vary with age at presentation. The discovery of numerous novel genetic podocytopathies and the evolution of diagnostic technologies has transformed the investigation of steroid-resistant NS while simultaneously promoting the replacement of traditional morphology-based disease classifications with a mechanistic approach. Podocytopathies associated with primary and secondary steroid-resistant NS manifest as diffuse mesangial sclerosis, minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and collapsing glomerulopathy. Molecular testing, once an ancillary option, has become a vital component of the clinical investigation and when paired with kidney biopsy findings, provides data that can optimize treatment and prognosis. This review focuses on the causes including selected monogenic defects, clinical phenotypes, histopathologic findings, and age-appropriate differential diagnoses of nephrotic syndrome in the pediatric population with an emphasis on podocytopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Finn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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3
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Miskin RP, DiPersio CM. Roles for epithelial integrin α3β1 in regulation of the microenvironment during normal and pathological tissue remodeling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1308-C1319. [PMID: 38497112 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00128.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Integrin receptors for the extracellular matrix activate intracellular signaling pathways that are critical for tissue development, homeostasis, and regeneration/repair, and their loss or dysregulation contributes to many developmental defects and tissue pathologies. This review will focus on tissue remodeling roles for integrin α3β1, a receptor for laminins found in the basement membranes (BMs) that underlie epithelial cell layers. As a paradigm, we will discuss literature that supports a role for α3β1 in promoting ability of epidermal keratinocytes to modify their tissue microenvironment during skin development, wound healing, or tumorigenesis. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that this role depends largely on ability of α3β1 to govern the keratinocyte's repertoire of secreted proteins, or the "secretome," including 1) matrix proteins and proteases involved in matrix remodeling and 2) paracrine-acting growth factors/cytokines that stimulate other cells with important tissue remodeling functions (e.g., endothelial cells, fibroblasts, inflammatory cells). Moreover, α3β1 signaling controls gene expression that helps epithelial cells carry out these functions, including genes that encode secreted matrix proteins, proteases, growth factors, or cytokines. We will review what is known about α3β1-dependent gene regulation through both transcription and posttranscriptional mRNA stability. Regarding the latter, we will discuss examples of α3β1-dependent alternative splicing (AS) or alternative polyadenylation (APA) that prevents inclusion of cis-acting mRNA sequences that would otherwise target the transcript for degradation via nonsense-mediated decay or destabilizing AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). Finally, we will discuss prospects and anticipated challenges of exploiting α3β1 as a clinical target for the treatment of cancer or wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Michael DiPersio
- Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States
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Liu L, Hu H, Wu J, Koleske AJ, Chen H, Wang N, Yu K, Wu Y, Xiao X, Zhang Q. Integrin α3 is required for high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced glutamatergic synaptic transmission in mice with ischemia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14498. [PMID: 37867481 PMCID: PMC11017422 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective therapy in post-stroke motor recovery. However, the underlying mechanisms of rTMS regulates long-lasting changes with synaptic transmission and glutamate receptors function (including AMPARs or NMDARs) remains unclear. METHODS Mice were received 10-Hz rTMS treatment once daily on the third day after photothrombotic (PT) stroke for 18 days. Motor behaviors and the Western blot were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of 10-Hz rTMS in the mice with PT model. Moreover, we used wild-type (WT) and NEX-α3-/- mice to further explore the 10-Hz rTMS effect. RESULTS We found that 10-Hz rTMS improved the post-stroke motor performance in the PT mice. Moreover, the levels of AMPAR, vGlut1, and integrin α3 in the peri-infarct were significantly increased in the rTMS group. In contrast, 10-Hz rTMS did not induce these aforementioned effects in NEX-α3-/- mice. The amplitude of AMPAR-mediated miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and evoked EPSCs was increased in the WT + rTMS group, but did not change in NEX-α3-/- mice with rTMS. CONCLUSIONS In this study, 10-Hz rTMS improved the glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the peri-infract cortex through effects on integrin α3 and AMPARs, which resulted in motor function recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Han Hu
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Science and Technology for Brain‐Inspired Intelligence, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Junfa Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Anthony J. Koleske
- Departments of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and NeuroscienceYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Hongting Chen
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Science and Technology for Brain‐Inspired Intelligence, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Nianhong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Kewei Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Science and Technology for Brain‐Inspired Intelligence, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Cybulsky AV, Papillon J, Bryan C, Navarro‐Betancourt JR, Sabourin LA. Role of the Ste20-like kinase SLK in podocyte adhesion. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15897. [PMID: 38163671 PMCID: PMC10758337 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
SLK controls the cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, and migration. Podocyte-specific deletion of SLK in mice leads to podocyte injury as mice age and exacerbates injury in experimental focal segment glomerulosclerosis (FSGS; adriamycin nephrosis). We hypothesized that adhesion proteins may be substrates of SLK. In adriamycin nephrosis, podocyte ultrastructural injury was exaggerated by SLK deletion. Analysis of a protein kinase phosphorylation site dataset showed that podocyte adhesion proteins-paxillin, vinculin, and talin-1 may be potential SLK substrates. In cultured podocytes, deletion of SLK increased adhesion to collagen. Analysis of paxillin, vinculin, and talin-1 showed that SLK deletion reduced focal adhesion complexes (FACs) containing these proteins mainly in adriamycin-induced injury; there was no change in FAC turnover (focal adhesion kinase Y397 phosphorylation). In podocytes, paxillin S250 showed basal phosphorylation that was slightly enhanced by SLK; however, SLK did not phosphorylate talin-1. In adriamycin nephrosis, SLK deletion did not alter glomerular expression/localization of talin-1 and vinculin, but increased focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation modestly. Therefore, SLK decreases podocyte adhesion, but FAC proteins in podocytes are not major substrates of SLK in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Cybulsky
- Department of MedicineMcGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Joan Papillon
- Department of MedicineMcGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Craig Bryan
- Department of MedicineMcGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - José R. Navarro‐Betancourt
- Department of MedicineMcGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Luc A. Sabourin
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Cancer TherapeuticsOttawaOntarioCanada
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6
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Bosquetti B, Santana AA, Gregório PC, da Cunha RS, Miniskiskosky G, Budag J, Franco CRC, Ramos EADS, Barreto FC, Stinghen AEM. The Role of α3β1 Integrin Modulation on Fabry Disease Podocyte Injury and Kidney Impairment. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:700. [PMID: 38133204 PMCID: PMC10748128 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15120700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocyte dysfunction plays a crucial role in renal injury and is identified as a key contributor to proteinuria in Fabry disease (FD), primarily impacting glomerular filtration function (GFF). The α3β1 integrins are important for podocyte adhesion to the glomerular basement membrane, and disturbances in these integrins can lead to podocyte injury. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effects of chloroquine (CQ) on podocytes, as this drug can be used to obtain an in vitro condition analogous to the FD. Murine podocytes were employed in our experiments. The results revealed a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability. CQ at a sub-lethal concentration (1.0 µg/mL) induced lysosomal accumulation significantly (p < 0.0001). Morphological changes were evident through scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence, highlighting alterations in F-actin and nucleus morphology. No significant changes were observed in the gene expression of α3β1 integrins via RT-qPCR. Protein expression of α3 integrin was evaluated with Western Blotting and immunofluorescence, demonstrating its lower detection in podocytes exposed to CQ. Our findings propose a novel in vitro model for exploring secondary Fabry nephropathy, indicating a modulation of α3β1 integrin and morphological alterations in podocytes under the influence of CQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Bosquetti
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (B.B.); (A.A.S.); (P.C.G.); (R.S.d.C.); (G.M.); (J.B.); (C.R.C.F.); (E.A.d.S.R.)
| | - Aline Aparecida Santana
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (B.B.); (A.A.S.); (P.C.G.); (R.S.d.C.); (G.M.); (J.B.); (C.R.C.F.); (E.A.d.S.R.)
| | - Paulo Cézar Gregório
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (B.B.); (A.A.S.); (P.C.G.); (R.S.d.C.); (G.M.); (J.B.); (C.R.C.F.); (E.A.d.S.R.)
| | - Regiane Stafim da Cunha
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (B.B.); (A.A.S.); (P.C.G.); (R.S.d.C.); (G.M.); (J.B.); (C.R.C.F.); (E.A.d.S.R.)
| | - Guilherme Miniskiskosky
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (B.B.); (A.A.S.); (P.C.G.); (R.S.d.C.); (G.M.); (J.B.); (C.R.C.F.); (E.A.d.S.R.)
| | - Julia Budag
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (B.B.); (A.A.S.); (P.C.G.); (R.S.d.C.); (G.M.); (J.B.); (C.R.C.F.); (E.A.d.S.R.)
| | - Célia Regina Cavichiolo Franco
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (B.B.); (A.A.S.); (P.C.G.); (R.S.d.C.); (G.M.); (J.B.); (C.R.C.F.); (E.A.d.S.R.)
| | - Edneia Amancio de Souza Ramos
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (B.B.); (A.A.S.); (P.C.G.); (R.S.d.C.); (G.M.); (J.B.); (C.R.C.F.); (E.A.d.S.R.)
| | - Fellype Carvalho Barreto
- Internal Medicine Department, Division of Nephrology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 80060-900, Brazil;
| | - Andréa Emilia Marques Stinghen
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (B.B.); (A.A.S.); (P.C.G.); (R.S.d.C.); (G.M.); (J.B.); (C.R.C.F.); (E.A.d.S.R.)
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Park E, Barclay WE, Barrera A, Liao TC, Salzler HR, Reddy TE, Shinohara ML, Ciofani M. Integrin α3 promotes T H17 cell polarization and extravasation during autoimmune neuroinflammation. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadg7597. [PMID: 37831759 PMCID: PMC10821720 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adg7597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by CNS-infiltrating leukocytes, including TH17 cells that are critical mediators of disease pathogenesis. Although targeting leukocyte trafficking is effective in treating autoimmunity, there are currently no therapeutic interventions that specifically block encephalitogenic TH17 cell migration. Here, we report integrin α3 as a TH17 cell-selective determinant of pathogenicity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. CNS-infiltrating TH17 cells express high integrin α3, and its deletion in CD4+ T cells or Il17a fate-mapped cells attenuated disease severity. Mechanistically, integrin α3 enhanced the immunological synapse formation to promote the polarization and proliferation of TH17 cells. Moreover, the transmigration of TH17 cells into the CNS was dependent on integrin α3, and integrin α3 deficiency enhanced the retention of CD4+ T cells in the perivascular space of the blood-brain barrier. Integrin α3-dependent interactions continuously maintain TH17 cell identity and effector function. The requirement of integrin α3 in TH17 cell pathogenicity suggests integrin α3 as a therapeutic target for MS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunchong Park
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William E. Barclay
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alejandro Barrera
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tzu-Chieh Liao
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Harmony R. Salzler
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Timothy E. Reddy
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mari L. Shinohara
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maria Ciofani
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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8
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Abdelbary M, Nolz JC. N-linked glycans: an underappreciated key determinant of T cell development, activation, and function. IMMUNOMETABOLISM (COBHAM, SURREY) 2023; 5:e00035. [PMID: 38027254 PMCID: PMC10662610 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation is a post-translational modification that results in the decoration of newly synthesized proteins with diverse types of oligosaccharides that originate from the amide group of the amino acid asparagine. The sequential and collective action of multiple glycosidases and glycosyltransferases are responsible for determining the overall size, composition, and location of N-linked glycans that become covalently linked to an asparagine during and after protein translation. A growing body of evidence supports the critical role of N-linked glycan synthesis in regulating many features of T cell biology, including thymocyte development and tolerance, as well as T cell activation and differentiation. Here, we provide an overview of how specific glycosidases and glycosyltransferases contribute to the generation of different types of N-linked glycans and how these post-translational modifications ultimately regulate multiple facets of T cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdelbary
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Nolz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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9
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Boi R, Ebefors K, Nyström J. The role of the mesangium in glomerular function. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14045. [PMID: 37658606 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
When discussing glomerular function, one cell type is often left out, the mesangial cell (MC), probably since it is not a part of the filtration barrier per se. The MCs are instead found between the glomerular capillaries, embedded in their mesangial matrix. They are in direct contact with the endothelial cells and in close contact with the podocytes and together they form the glomerulus. The MCs can produce and react to a multitude of growth factors, cytokines, and other signaling molecules and are in the perfect position to be a central hub for crosstalk communication between the cells in the glomerulus. In certain glomerular diseases, for example, in diabetic kidney disease or IgA nephropathy, the MCs become activated resulting in mesangial expansion. The expansion is normally due to matrix expansion in combination with either proliferation or hypertrophy. With time, this expansion can lead to fibrosis and decreased glomerular function. In addition, signs of complement activation are often seen in biopsies from patients with glomerular disease affecting the mesangium. This review aims to give a better understanding of the MCs in health and disease and their role in glomerular crosstalk and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Boi
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Ebefors
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nyström
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Agborbesong E, Bissler J, Li X. Liquid Biopsy at the Frontier of Kidney Diseases: Application of Exosomes in Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1367. [PMID: 37510273 PMCID: PMC10379367 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, liquid biopsy techniques, especially the use of urine analysis, represent a paradigm shift in the identification of biomarkers, with considerable implications for clinical practice in the field of nephrology. In kidney diseases, the use of this non-invasive tool to identify specific and sensitive biomarkers other than plasma creatinine and the glomerular filtration rate is becoming crucial for the diagnosis and assessment of a patient's condition. In recent years, studies have drawn attention to the importance of exosomes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in kidney diseases. Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles with a lipid bilayer structure, composed of a variety of biologically active substances. In the context of kidney diseases, studies have demonstrated that exosomes are valuable carriers of information and are delivery vectors, rendering them appealing candidates as biomarkers and drug delivery vehicles with beneficial therapeutic outcomes for kidney diseases. This review summarizes the applications of exosomes in kidney diseases, emphasizing the current biomarkers of renal diseases identified from urinary exosomes and the therapeutic applications of exosomes with reference to drug delivery and immunomodulation. Finally, we discuss the challenges encountered when using exosomes for therapeutic purposes and how these may affect its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewud Agborbesong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - John Bissler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Pediatric Medicine Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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11
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Zhao Z, Dai X, Jiang G, Lin F. ASH2L Controls Ureteric Bud Morphogenesis through the Regulation of RET/GFRA1 Signaling Activity in a Mouse Model. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:988-1002. [PMID: 36758123 PMCID: PMC10278782 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Causes of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) remain unclear. The authors investigated whether and how inactivation of Ash2l -which encodes a subunit of the COMPASS methyltransferase responsible for genome-wide histone H3 lysine K4 (H3K4) methylation-might contribute to CAKUT. In a mouse model, inactivation of Ash2l in the ureteric bud (UB) lineage led to CAKUT-like phenotypes. Removal of ASH2L led to deficient H3K4 trimethylation, which slowed cell proliferation at the UB tip, delaying budding and impairing branching morphogenesis. The absence of ASH2L also downregulated the expression of Ret , Gfra1 , and Wnt11 genes involved in RET/GFRA1 signaling. These findings identify ASH2L-mediated H3K4 methylation as an upstream epigenetic regulator of signaling crucial for UB morphogenesis and indicate that deficiency or dysregulation of these processes may lead to CAKUT. BACKGROUND Ureteric bud (UB) induction and branching morphogenesis are fundamental to the establishment of the renal architecture and are key determinants of nephron number. Defective UB morphogenesis could give rise to a spectrum of malformations associated with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). Signaling involving glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor rearranged during transfection (RET) and coreceptor GFRA1 seems to be particularly important in UB development. Recent epigenome profiling studies have uncovered dynamic changes of histone H3 lysine K4 (H3K4) methylation during metanephros development, and dysregulated H3K4 methylation has been associated with a syndromic human CAKUT. METHODS To investigate whether and how inactivation of Ash2l , which encodes a subunit of the COMPASS methyltransferase responsible for genome-wide H3K4 methylation, might contribute to CAKUT, we inactivated Ash2l specifically from the UB lineage in C57BL/6 mice and examined the effects on genome-wide H3K4 methylation and metanephros development. Genes and epigenome changes potentially involved in these effects were screened using RNA-seq combined with Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation sequencing. RESULTS UB-specific inactivation of Ash2l caused CAKUT-like phenotypes mainly involving renal dysplasia at birth, which were associated with deficient H3K4 trimethylation. Ash2l inactivation slowed proliferation of cells at the UB tip, delaying budding and impairing UB branching morphogenesis. These effects were associated with downregulation of Ret , Gfra1 , and Wnt11 , which participate in RET/GFRA1 signaling. CONCLUSIONS These experiments identify ASH2L-dependent H3K4 methylation in the UB lineage as an upstream epigenetic regulator of RET/GFRA1 signaling in UB morphogenesis, which, if deficient, may lead to CAKUT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhao
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuantong Dai
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gengru Jiang
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Rare Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Fujun Lin
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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12
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Chen JS, Xie PF, Feng H. The role of exercise in improving hyperlipidemia-renal injuries induced by a high-fat diet: a literature review. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15435. [PMID: 37283893 PMCID: PMC10239619 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A diet that is high in sugar and fat is a precursor to various chronic diseases, especially hyperlipidemia. Patients with hyperlipidemia have increased levels of plasma free fatty acids and an ectopic accumulation of lipids. The kidney is one of the main organs affected by this disease and, recently, there have been more studies conducted on renal injury caused by hyperlipidemia. The main pathological mechanism is closely related to renal lipotoxicity. However, in different kidney cells, the reaction mechanism varies due to the different affinities of the lipid receptors. At present, it is believed that in addition to lipotoxicity, hyperlipidemia induced-renal injury is also closely related to oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammatory reactions, which are the result of multiple factors. Exercise plays an important role in the prevention of various chronic diseases and recently emerging researches indicated its positive effects to renal injury caused by hyperlipidemia. However, there are few studies summarizing the effects of exercise on this disease and the specific mechanisms need to be further explored. This article summarizes the mechanisms of hyperlipidemia induced-renal injury at the cellular level and discusses the ways in which exercise may regulate it. The results provide theoretical support and novel approaches for identifying the intervention target to treat hyperlipidemia induced-renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shunzi Chen
- Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Physical Education, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Peng Fei Xie
- Guizhou Institute of Sports Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hong Feng
- Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
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13
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Liu S, Sun D, Butler R, Rawlins EL. RTK signalling promotes epithelial columnar cell shape and apical junction maintenance in human lung progenitor cells. Development 2023; 150:dev201284. [PMID: 37260147 PMCID: PMC10281517 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent epithelial progenitor cells can be expanded from human embryonic lungs as organoids and maintained in a self-renewing state using a defined medium. The organoid cells are columnar, resembling the cell morphology of the developing lung tip epithelium in vivo. Cell shape dynamics and fate are tightly coordinated during development. We therefore used the organoid system to identify signalling pathways that maintain the columnar shape of human lung tip progenitors. We found that EGF, FGF7 and FGF10 have distinct functions in lung tip progenitors. FGF7 activates MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signalling, and is sufficient to promote columnar cell shape in primary tip progenitors. Inhibitor experiments show that MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signalling are key downstream pathways, regulating cell proliferation, columnar cell shape and cell junctions. We identified integrin signalling as a key pathway downstream of MAPK/ERK in the tip progenitors; disrupting integrin alters polarity, cell adhesion and tight junction assembly. By contrast, stimulation with FGF10 or EGF alone is not sufficient to maintain organoid columnar cell shape. This study employs organoids to provide insight into the cellular mechanisms regulating human lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Liu
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Dawei Sun
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Richard Butler
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Emma L. Rawlins
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
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14
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Gao G, Li X, Jiang Z, Osorio L, Tang YL, Yu X, Jin G, Zhou Z. Isthmin-1 (Ism1) modulates renal branching morphogenesis and mesenchyme condensation during early kidney development. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2378. [PMID: 37185772 PMCID: PMC10130008 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37992-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The outgrowth of epithelial bud followed by reiterated bifurcations during renal development is driven by the ligand-receptor interactions between the epithelium and the surrounding mesenchyme. Here, by exploring ligand-receptor interactions in E10.5 and E11.5 kidneys by single cell RNA-seq, we find that Isthmin1 (Ism1), a secreted protein, resembles Gdnf expression and modulates kidney branching morphogenesis. Mice deficient for Ism1 exhibit defective ureteric bud bifurcation and impaired metanephric mesenchyme condensation in E11.5 embryos, attributable to the compromised Gdnf/Ret signaling, ultimately leading to renal agenesis and hypoplasia/dysplasia. By HRP-induced proximity labelling, we further identify integrin α8β1 as a receptor of Ism1 in E11.5 kidney and demonstrate that Ism1 promoted cell-cell adhesion through interacting with Integrin α8β1, the receptor whose activation is responsible for Gdnf expression and mesenchyme condensation. Taken together, our work reveals Ism1 as a critical regulator of cell-cell interaction that modulates Gdnf/Ret signaling during early kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhixin Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liliana Osorio
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Lam Tang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guoxiang Jin
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhongjun Zhou
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Reproductive Medical Center, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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15
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The Mechanism of Hyperglycemia-Induced Renal Cell Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy Disease: An Update. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020539. [PMID: 36836895 PMCID: PMC9967500 DOI: 10.3390/life13020539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of type I and II diabetes. It develops from the initial microproteinuria to end-stage renal failure. The main initiator for DN is chronic hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia (HG) can stimulate the resident and non-resident renal cells to produce humoral mediators and cytokines that can lead to functional and phenotypic changes in renal cells and tissues, interference with cell growth, interacting proteins, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), etc., ultimately resulting in glomerular and tubular damage and the onset of kidney disease. Therefore, poor blood glucose control is a particularly important risk factor for the development of DN. In this paper, the types and mechanisms of DN cell damage are classified and summarized by reviewing the related literature concerning the effect of hyperglycemia on the development of DN. At the cellular level, we summarize the mechanisms and effects of renal damage by hyperglycemia. This is expected to provide therapeutic ideas and inspiration for further studies on the treatment of patients with DN.
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16
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Krendel M, Leh S, Garone ME, Edwards-Richards A, Lin JJ, Brackman D, Knappskog P, Mikhailov A. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria associated with Myo1E mutations: novel variants and histological phenotype analysis. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:439-449. [PMID: 35723736 PMCID: PMC10506584 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05634-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic mutations in the non-muscle single-headed myosin, myosin 1E (Myo1e), are a rare cause of pediatric focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). These mutations are biallelic, to date only reported as homozygous variants in consanguineous families. Myo1e regulates the actin cytoskeleton dynamics and cell adhesion, which are especially important for podocyte functions. METHODS DNA and RNA sequencing were used to identify novel MYO1E variants associated with FSGS. We studied the effects of these variants on the localization of Myo1e in kidney sections. We then analyzed the clinical and histological observations of all known pathogenic MYO1E variants. RESULTS We identified a patient compound heterozygote for two novel variants in MYO1E and a patient homozygous for a deletion of exon 19. Computer modeling predicted these variants to be disruptive. In both patients, Myo1e was mislocalized. As a rule, pathogenic MYO1E variants map to the Myo1e motor and neck domain and are most often associated with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 1-11 years of age, leading to kidney failure in 4-10 years in a subset of patients. The ultrastructural features are the podocyte damage and striking diffuse and global Alport-like glomerular basement membrane (GBM) abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that MYO1E mutations lead to disruption of the function of podocyte contractile actin cables resulting in abnormalities of the podocytes and the GBM and dysfunction of the glomerular filtration barrier. The characteristic clinicopathological data can help to tentatively differentiate this condition from other genetic podocytopathies and Alport syndrome until genetic testing is done. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Krendel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Sabine Leh
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michael E Garone
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Jen-Jar Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Damien Brackman
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per Knappskog
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexei Mikhailov
- Department of Pathology, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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17
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Pang X, He X, Qiu Z, Zhang H, Xie R, Liu Z, Gu Y, Zhao N, Xiang Q, Cui Y. Targeting integrin pathways: mechanisms and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:1. [PMID: 36588107 PMCID: PMC9805914 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are considered the main cell-adhesion transmembrane receptors that play multifaceted roles as extracellular matrix (ECM)-cytoskeletal linkers and transducers in biochemical and mechanical signals between cells and their environment in a wide range of states in health and diseases. Integrin functions are dependable on a delicate balance between active and inactive status via multiple mechanisms, including protein-protein interactions, conformational changes, and trafficking. Due to their exposure on the cell surface and sensitivity to the molecular blockade, integrins have been investigated as pharmacological targets for nearly 40 years, but given the complexity of integrins and sometimes opposite characteristics, targeting integrin therapeutics has been a challenge. To date, only seven drugs targeting integrins have been successfully marketed, including abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban, natalizumab, vedolizumab, lifitegrast, and carotegrast. Currently, there are approximately 90 kinds of integrin-based therapeutic drugs or imaging agents in clinical studies, including small molecules, antibodies, synthetic mimic peptides, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, imaging agents, etc. A serious lesson from past integrin drug discovery and research efforts is that successes rely on both a deep understanding of integrin-regulatory mechanisms and unmet clinical needs. Herein, we provide a systematic and complete review of all integrin family members and integrin-mediated downstream signal transduction to highlight ongoing efforts to develop new therapies/diagnoses from bench to clinic. In addition, we further discuss the trend of drug development, how to improve the success rate of clinical trials targeting integrin therapies, and the key points for clinical research, basic research, and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Pang
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Xu He
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Qiu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Hanxu Zhang
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Ran Xie
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Yanlun Gu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China.
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Rinta-Jaskari MM, Naillat F, Ruotsalainen HJ, Koivunen JT, Sasaki T, Pietilä I, Elamaa HP, Kaur I, Manninen A, Vainio SJ, Pihlajaniemi TA. Temporally and spatially regulated collagen XVIII isoforms are involved in ureteric tree development via the TSP1-like domain. Matrix Biol 2023; 115:139-159. [PMID: 36623578 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Collagen XVIII (ColXVIII) is a component of the extracellular matrix implicated in embryogenesis and control of tissue homoeostasis. We now provide evidence that ColXVIII has a specific role in renal branching morphogenesis as observed in analyses of total and isoform-specific knockout embryos and mice. The expression of the short and the two longer isoforms differ temporally and spatially during renal development. The lack of ColXVIII or its specific isoforms lead to congenital defects in the 3D patterning of the ureteric tree where the short isoform plays a prominent role. Moreover, the ex vivo data suggests that ColXVIII is involved in the kidney epithelial tree patterning via its N-terminal domains, and especially the Thrombospondin-1-like domain common to all isoforms. This morphogenetic function likely involves integrins expressed in the ureteric epithelium. Altogether, the results point to an important role for ColXVIII in the matrix-integrin-mediated functions regulating renal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia M Rinta-Jaskari
- Oulu Center of Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Florence Naillat
- Oulu Center of Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Heli J Ruotsalainen
- Oulu Center of Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Jarkko T Koivunen
- Oulu Center of Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Takako Sasaki
- Department of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Japan
| | - Ilkka Pietilä
- Oulu Center of Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland; Currently: Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Harri P Elamaa
- Oulu Center of Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Inderjeet Kaur
- Oulu Center of Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Aki Manninen
- Oulu Center of Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Seppo J Vainio
- Infotech Oulu, Kvantum Institute; Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Taina A Pihlajaniemi
- Oulu Center of Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland.
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19
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Shams A. Re-evaluation of the myoepithelial cells roles in the breast cancer progression. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:403. [PMID: 36510219 PMCID: PMC9746125 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, luminal epithelial cell lineage has gained considerable attraction as the functionally milk-secreting units and as the most fruitful acreage for breast cancer launching. Recognition of the effective involvement of the myoepithelial cells in mammary gland development and in hampering tumorigenesis has renewed the interest in investigating the biological roles of this second main mammary lineage. The human breast is made up of an extensively branching ductal system intervening by copious lobular units. The ductal system is coated by a chain of luminal epithelial cells (LECs) situated on a layer of myoepithelial cells (MECs) and encompassed by a distinguished basement membrane. Ductal contractility during lactation is a well-known function delivered by the MECs however this is not the only assignment mediated by these cellular populations. It has been well appreciated that the MECs exhibit a natural paracrine power in defeating cancer development and advancement. MECs were found to express numerous proteinase inhibitors, anti-angiogenic factors, and tumour suppressors proteins. Additionally, MECs contributed effectively to maintaining the right luminal cells' polarization and further separating them from the adjacent stroma by making an integrated fence. Indeed, disruption of the MECs layer was reported to facilitate the invasion of the cancer cells to the surrounding stroma. Nonetheless, MECs were also found to exhibit cancer-promoting effects and provoke tumour invasion and dissemination by displaying distinct cancer chemokines. Herein in this review, we aimed to address the roles delivered by MECs in breast cancer progression and decipher the molecular mechanisms regulating proper MECs' physiology, integrity, and terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Shams
- grid.412895.30000 0004 0419 5255Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. BOX 11099, Taif, 21944 Saudi Arabia
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20
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Frommherz LH, Sayar SB, Wang Y, Trefzer LK, He Y, Leppert J, Eßer P, Has C. Integrin α3 negative podocytes: A gene expression study. Matrix Biol Plus 2022; 16:100119. [PMID: 36060790 PMCID: PMC9429797 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
New cell model to investigate the impact of loss of integrin α3 in podocytes. In this novel model, genes of the extracellular matrix and adhesome are mostly downregulated. Loss of integrin α3 results in changes of cell adhesion and spreading.
Integrin α3β1 is a cell adhesion receptor widely expressed in epithelial cells. Pathogenic variants in the gene encoding the integrin α3 subunit ITGA3 lead to a syndrome including interstitial lung disease, nephrotic syndrome, and epidermolysis bullosa (ILNEB). Renal involvement mainly consists of glomerular disease caused by loss of adhesion between podocytes and the glomerular basement membrane. The aim of this study was to characterize the impact of loss of integrin α3 on human podocytes. ITGA3 was stably knocked-out in the human podocyte cell line AB8/13, designated as PodoA3−, and in human proximal tubule epithelial cell line HK2 using the targeted genome editing technique CRISPR/Cas9. Cell clones were characterized by Sanger sequencing, quantitative PCR, Western Blot and immunofluorescence staining. RNASeq of integrin α3 negative cells and controls was performed to identify differential gene expression patterns. Differentiated PodoA3− did not substantially change morphology and adhesion under standard culture conditions, but displayed significantly reduced spreading and adhesion when seed on laminin 511 in serum free medium. Gene expression studies demonstrated a distinct dysregulation of the adhesion network with downregulation of most integrin α3 interaction partners. In agreement with this, biological processes such as “extracellular matrix organization” and “cell differentiation” as well as KEGG pathways such as “ECM-receptor interaction”, “focal adhesion” and the “PI3K-Akt signaling pathway” were significantly downregulated in human podocytes lacking the integrin α3 subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Frommherz
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - S B Sayar
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - L K Trefzer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Y He
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Leppert
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - P Eßer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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21
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Nirwane A, Yao Y. Cell-specific expression and function of laminin at the neurovascular unit. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1979-1999. [PMID: 35796497 PMCID: PMC9580165 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221113027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Laminin, a major component of the basal lamina (BL), is a heterotrimeric protein with many isoforms. In the CNS, laminin is expressed by almost all cell types, yet different cells synthesize distinct laminin isoforms. By binding to its receptors, laminin exerts a wide variety of important functions. However, due to the reciprocal and cell-specific expression of laminin in different cells at the neurovascular unit, its functions in blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintenance and BBB repair after injury are not fully understood. In this review, we focus on the expression and functions of laminin and its receptors in the neurovascular unit under both physiological and pathological conditions. We first briefly introduce the structures of laminin and its receptors. Next, the expression and functions of laminin and its receptors in the CNS are summarized in a cell-specific manner. Finally, we identify the knowledge gap in the field and discuss key questions that need to be answered in the future. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive overview on cell-specific expression of laminin and its receptors in the CNS and their functions on BBB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Nirwane
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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22
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Nephrotic syndrome, skin involvement, and chronic lung disease: Answers. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 38:1481-1483. [PMID: 35960348 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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23
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Hu M, Ling Z, Ren X. Extracellular matrix dynamics: tracking in biological systems and their implications. J Biol Eng 2022; 16:13. [PMID: 35637526 PMCID: PMC9153193 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-022-00292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) constitutes the main acellular microenvironment of cells in almost all tissues and organs. The ECM not only provides mechanical support, but also mediates numerous biochemical interactions to guide cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Thus, better understanding the everchanging temporal and spatial shifts in ECM composition and structure – the ECM dynamics – will provide fundamental insight regarding extracellular regulation of tissue homeostasis and how tissue states transition from one to another during diverse pathophysiological processes. This review outlines the mechanisms mediating ECM-cell interactions and highlights how changes in the ECM modulate tissue development and disease progression, using the lung as the primary model organ. We then discuss existing methodologies for revealing ECM compositional dynamics, with a particular focus on tracking newly synthesized ECM proteins. Finally, we discuss the ramifications ECM dynamics have on tissue engineering and how to implement spatial and temporal specific extracellular microenvironments into bioengineered tissues. Overall, this review communicates the current capabilities for studying native ECM dynamics and delineates new research directions in discovering and implementing ECM dynamics to push the frontier forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Zihan Ling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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24
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van Sprang JF, de Jong SM, Dankers PY. Biomaterial-driven kidney organoid maturation. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Contribution of Endothelial Laminin-Binding Integrins to Cellular Processes Associated with Angiogenesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050816. [PMID: 35269439 PMCID: PMC8909174 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells engage extracellular matrix and basement membrane components through integrin-mediated adhesion to promote angiogenesis. Angiogenesis involves the sprouting of endothelial cells from pre-existing vessels, their migration into surrounding tissue, the upregulation of angiogenesis-associated genes, and the formation of new endothelial tubes. To determine whether the endothelial laminin-binding integrins, α6β4, and α3β1 contribute to these processes, we employed RNAi technology in organotypic angiogenesis assays, as well in migration assays, in vitro. The endothelial depletion of either α6β4 or α3β1 inhibited endothelial sprouting, indicating that these integrins have non-redundant roles in this process. Interestingly, these phenotypes were accompanied by overlapping and distinct changes in the expression of angiogenesis-associated genes. Lastly, depletion of α6β4, but not α3β1, inhibited migration. Taken together, these results suggest that laminin-binding integrins regulate processes associated with angiogenesis by distinct and overlapping mechanisms.
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26
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Wilson SE. Defective perlecan-associated basement membrane regeneration and altered modulation of transforming growth factor beta in corneal fibrosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:144. [PMID: 35188596 PMCID: PMC8972081 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the cornea, the epithelial basement membrane (EBM) and corneal endothelial Descemet's basement membrane (DBM) critically regulate the localization, availability and, therefore, the functions of transforming growth factor (TGF)β1, TGFβ2, and platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) that modulate myofibroblast development. Defective regeneration of the EBM, and notably diminished perlecan incorporation, occurs via several mechanisms and results in excessive and prolonged penetration of pro-fibrotic growth factors into the stroma. These growth factors drive mature myofibroblast development from both corneal fibroblasts and bone marrow-derived fibrocytes, and then the persistence of these myofibroblasts and the disordered collagens and other matrix materials they produce to generate stromal scarring fibrosis. Corneal stromal fibrosis often resolves completely if the inciting factor is removed and the BM regenerates. Similar defects in BM regeneration are likely associated with the development of fibrosis in other organs where perlecan has a critical role in the modulation of signaling by TGFβ1 and TGFβ2. Other BM components, such as collagen type IV and collagen type XIII, are also critical regulators of TGF beta (and other growth factors) in the cornea and other organs. After injury, BM components are dynamically secreted and assembled through the cooperation of neighboring cells-for example, the epithelial cells and keratocytes for the corneal EBM and corneal endothelial cells and keratocytes for the corneal DBM. One of the most critical functions of these reassembled BMs in all organs is to modulate the pro-fibrotic effects of TGFβs, PDGFs and other growth factors between tissues that comprise the organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Wilson
- Cole Eye Institute, I-32, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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27
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Ebefors K, Bergwall L, Nyström J. The Glomerulus According to the Mesangium. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:740527. [PMID: 35155460 PMCID: PMC8825785 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.740527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The glomerulus is the functional unit for filtration of blood and formation of primary urine. This intricate structure is composed of the endothelium with its glycocalyx facing the blood, the glomerular basement membrane and the podocytes facing the urinary space of Bowman's capsule. The mesangial cells are the central hub connecting and supporting all these structures. The components as a unit ensure a high permselectivity hindering large plasma proteins from passing into the urine while readily filtering water and small solutes. There has been a long-standing interest and discussion regarding the functional contribution of the different cellular components but the mesangial cells have been somewhat overlooked in this context. The mesangium is situated in close proximity to all other cellular components of the glomerulus and should be considered important in pathophysiological events leading to glomerular disease. This review will highlight the role of the mesangium in both glomerular function and intra-glomerular crosstalk. It also aims to explain the role of the mesangium as a central component involved in disease onset and progression as well as signaling to maintain the functions of other glomerular cells to uphold permselectivity and glomerular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Ebefors
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lovisa Bergwall
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nyström
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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28
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Tian X, Bunda P, Ishibe S. Podocyte Endocytosis in Regulating the Glomerular Filtration Barrier. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:801837. [PMID: 35223901 PMCID: PMC8866310 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.801837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis is a mechanism that internalizes and recycles plasma membrane components and transmembrane receptors via vesicle formation, which is mediated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent signaling pathways. Podocytes are specialized, terminally differentiated epithelial cells in the kidney, located on the outermost layer of the glomerulus. These cells play an important role in maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier in conjunction with the adjacent basement membrane and endothelial cell layers within the glomerulus. An intact podocyte endocytic machinery appears to be necessary for maintaining podocyte function. De novo pathologic human genetic mutations and loss-of-function studies of critical podocyte endocytosis genes in genetically engineered mouse models suggest that this pathway contributes to the pathophysiology of development and progression of proteinuria in chronic kidney disease. Here, we review the mechanism of cellular endocytosis and its regulation in podocyte injury in the context of glomerular diseases. A thorough understanding of podocyte endocytosis may shed novel insights into its biological function in maintaining a functioning filter and offer potential targeted therapeutic strategies for proteinuric glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shuta Ishibe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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29
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Yazlovitskaya EM, Plosa E, Bock F, Viquez OM, Mernaugh G, Gewin LS, De Arcangelis A, Georges-Labouesse E, Sonnenberg A, Blackwell TS, Pozzi A, Zent R. The laminin-binding integrins regulate nuclear factor κB-dependent epithelial cell polarity and inflammation. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:273835. [PMID: 34841431 PMCID: PMC8729780 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The main laminin-binding integrins α3β1, α6β1 and α6β4 are co-expressed in the developing kidney collecting duct system. We previously showed that deleting the integrin α3 or α6 subunit in the ureteric bud, which gives rise to the kidney collecting system, caused either a mild or no branching morphogenesis phenotype, respectively. To determine whether these two integrin subunits cooperate in kidney collecting duct development, we deleted α3 and α6 in the developing ureteric bud. The collecting system of the double knockout phenocopied the α3 integrin conditional knockout. However, with age, the mice developed severe inflammation and fibrosis around the collecting ducts, resulting in kidney failure. Integrin α3α6-null collecting duct epithelial cells showed increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and displayed mesenchymal characteristics, causing loss of barrier function. These features resulted from increased nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activity, which regulated the Snail and Slug (also known as Snai1 and Snai2, respectively) transcription factors and their downstream targets. These data suggest that laminin-binding integrins play a key role in the maintenance of kidney tubule epithelial cell polarity and decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by regulating NF-κB-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia M. Yazlovitskaya
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Erin Plosa
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Fabian Bock
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Olga M. Viquez
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Glenda Mernaugh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Leslie S. Gewin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Adele De Arcangelis
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964/ULP, F-67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Elisabeth Georges-Labouesse
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964/ULP, F-67404 Illkirch, France,Author for correspondence ()
| | - Arnoud Sonnenberg
- Division of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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30
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Lee SG, Kim SE, Kim SC, Lee SE. Biallelic Missense Mutations in the Integrin Alpha 3 Gene Causes Skin Fragility Without Structural Defects in Lungs and Kidneys. Acta Derm Venereol 2021; 102:adv00642. [PMID: 34904685 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v101.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract is missing (Short communication)
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06273, Korea.
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31
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Liu Y, Yue Z, Wang H, Li M, Wu X, Lin H, Han W, Lan S, Sun L. A novel ITGA3 homozygous splice mutation in an ILNEB syndrome child with slow progression. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:430-436. [PMID: 34751145 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS ILNEB (interstitial lung disease, nephrotic syndrome, epidermolysis bullosa) syndrome is caused by ITGA3 mutations. Demises usually happened at infancy. This study reports a complete ILNEB syndrome child with slow disease progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical data and related specimens were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted for genetic sequencing. Integrin α3 expression was detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS The patient was male. He experienced recurrent rashes shortly after birth. His sparse eyebrows and eyelashes gradually lost. The patient was vulnerable to respiratory infections and had recurrent fever after vaccine immunization after 4 years. He was found with nephrotic syndrome and polycystic renal dysplasia at 8 years and progressed to end-stage renal disease at 12 years. A chest Computed Tomography revealed intestinal lung disease at 8 years. Continuous oxygen supplementation was needed at 13 years. Counts of lymphocyte subsets revealed elevated percentage of double-negative T cells and activated T cells. Next-generation sequencing revealed a novel homozygous splice mutation c.2219 + 4A > Cin ITGA3 that was predicted to be deleterious. The mutation resulted in exon17 skipping with the loss of 80 bp in the mRNA. The aberrant integrin α3 mRNA level was lower compared to the healthy control. Integrin α3 protein was not detected in urine epithelial cells and skin of the patient. CONCLUSIONS We report a patient harboring a novel ITGA3 homozygous splice mutation who presented with complete ILNEB syndrome but slow disease progression. Immune disorders were suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhihui Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongrong Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuling Lan
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Liangzhong Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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32
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First patient with ILNEB syndrome due to pathogenic variants in ITGA3 surviving to adulthood. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104335. [PMID: 34492382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial Lung disease, Nephrotic syndrome and Epidermolysis Bullosa, also referred to as ILNEB syndrome is an extremely rare autosomal recessive condition, caused by pathogenic variants in ITGA3. 11 patients have previously been diagnosed with ILNEB syndrome of whom 7 died in infancy or early childhood. We report the only patient with ILNEB syndrome who survived past adolescence, partly due to a double lung transplant. Additionally, our patient showed oral, nasal and gynecological symptoms not previously reported in patients with ILNEB syndrome.
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33
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Okamoto T, Nakamura A, Hayashi A, Yamaguchi T, Ogawa Y, Natsuga K, Yanagi K, Hotta K. Successful kidney transplantation in a patient with neonatal-onset ILNEB. Pediatr Transplant 2021; 25:e13971. [PMID: 33470490 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ILNEB constitute an autosomal recessive disorder caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation of the gene for the ITGA3. To date, 8 ILNEB patients have been reported, but all 6 neonatal-onset ILNEB patients suffered early death within 2 years. The most common cause of death among previously reported ILNEB patients was exacerbation of the respiratory condition. METHODS In this study, we describe a case of ILNEB with neonatal onset in a female patient and the genetic and histopathological testing performed. RESULTS Our patient had a compound heterozygous mutation in ITGA3. Compared to previously reported patients, this patient exhibited milder clinical and histopathological characteristics. After experiencing a life-threatening respiratory infection at 8 months old, the patient started periodic subcutaneous immunoglobulin treatment once every 1-2 weeks for nephrotic-range proteinuria-induced secondary hypogammaglobulinemia. At the age of 3 years, proteinuria gradually increased with severe edema despite strict internal management. Therefore, our patient underwent unilateral nephrectomy and insertion of a peritoneal dialysis catheter followed by another unilateral nephrectomy. One month later, she underwent an ABO-compatible living-donor kidney transplantation at the age of 4 years. CONCLUSIONS Our patient is a neonatal-onset ILNEB patient who survived for more than 2 years and underwent successful kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Okamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Asako Hayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yayoi Ogawa
- Hokkaido Renal Pathology Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken Natsuga
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yanagi
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Hotta
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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34
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Tomas NM, Mortensen SA, Wilmanns M, Huber TB. Across scales: novel insights into kidney health and disease by structural biology. Kidney Int 2021; 100:281-288. [PMID: 33940110 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, structural biology methods such as X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy have been increasingly used to study protein functions, molecular interactions, physiological processes, and disease mechanisms. This review outlines a selection of structural biology methods, highlights recent examples of how structural analyses have contributed to a more profound understanding of the machinery of life, and gives a perspective on how these methods can be applied to investigate functions of kidney molecules and pathogenic mechanisms of renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Tomas
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon A Mortensen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wilmanns
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany; University Hamburg Clinical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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35
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Staquicini DI, Barbu EM, Zemans RL, Dray BK, Staquicini FI, Dogra P, Cardó-Vila M, Miranti CK, Baze WB, Villa LL, Kalil J, Sharma G, Prossnitz ER, Wang Z, Cristini V, Sidman RL, Berman AR, Panettieri RA, Tuder RM, Pasqualini R, Arap W. Targeted Phage Display-based Pulmonary Vaccination in Mice and Non-human Primates. MED 2021; 2:321-342. [PMID: 33870243 PMCID: PMC8049167 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extensive alveolar capillary network of the lungs is an attractive route for administration of several agents. One key functional attribute is the rapid onset of systemic action due to the absence of first-pass metabolism. METHODS Here we applied a combinatorial approach for ligand-directed pulmonary delivery as a unique route for systemic targeting in vaccination. FINDINGS We screened a phage display random peptide library in vivo to select, identify, and validate a ligand (CAKSMGDIVC) that specifically targets and is internalized through its receptor, α3β1 integrin, on the surface of cells lining the lung airways and alveoli and mediates CAKSMGDIVC-displaying phage binding and systemic delivery without compromising lung homeostasis. As a proof-of-concept, we show that the pulmonary delivery of targeted CAKSMGDIVC-displaying phage particles in mice and non-human primates elicit a systemic and specific humoral response. CONCLUSIONS This broad methodology blueprint represents a robust and versatile platform tool enabling new ligand-receptor discovery with many potential translational applications. FUNDING Cancer Center Support Grants to the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (CA016672), University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center (CA118100), Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CA072720), research awards from the Gillson Longenbaugh Foundation, and National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant no. 1R01CA226537.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela I. Staquicini
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- These authors equally contributed to this work
| | - E. Magda Barbu
- David H. Koch Center, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- These authors equally contributed to this work
| | - Rachel L. Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Beth K. Dray
- Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
- Current address: Charles River Laboratories, Ashland, OH, USA
| | - Fernanda I. Staquicini
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Current address: MBrace Therapeutics, Summit, NJ, USA
| | - Prashant Dogra
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marina Cardó-Vila
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Cindy K. Miranti
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Wallace B. Baze
- Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Luisa L. Villa
- Cancer Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP 01246, Brazil
- Department of Radiology and Medical Oncology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP 01246, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP 05403, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP 05403, Brazil
| | - Geetanjali Sharma
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Eric R. Prossnitz
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vittorio Cristini
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
- Department of Nanomedicine, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard L. Sidman
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew R. Berman
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Allergy & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Reynold A. Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Rubin M. Tuder
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this work
- Lead contact
| | - Wadih Arap
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this work
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EPB41L5 controls podocyte extracellular matrix assembly by adhesome-dependent force transmission. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108883. [PMID: 33761352 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the kidney filtration barrier essentially relies on the balanced interplay of podocytes and the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Here, we show by analysis of in vitro and in vivo models that a loss of the podocyte-specific FERM-domain protein EPB41L5 results in impaired extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly. By using quantitative proteomics analysis of the secretome and matrisome, we demonstrate a shift in ECM composition characterized by diminished deposition of core GBM components, such as LAMA5. Integrin adhesome proteomics reveals that EPB41L5 recruits PDLIM5 and ACTN4 to integrin adhesion complexes (IACs). Consecutively, EPB41L5 knockout podocytes show insufficient maturation of integrin adhesion sites, which translates into impaired force transmission and ECM assembly. These observations build the framework for a model in which EPB41L5 functions as a cell-type-specific regulator of the podocyte adhesome and controls a localized adaptive module in order to prevent podocyte detachment and thereby ensures GBM integrity.
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37
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The struggle to equilibrate outer and inner milieus: Renal evolution revisited. Ann Anat 2020; 233:151610. [PMID: 33065247 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The journey of life, from primordial protoplasm to a complex vertebrate form, is a tale of survival against incessant alterations in climate, surface topography, food chain, and chemistry of the external environment. Kidneys present with an ensemble embodiment of the adaptations devised by diverse life-forms to cope with such challenges and maintain a chemical equilibrium of water and solutes, both in and outside the body. This minireview revisits renal evolution utilizing the classic: From Fish to Philosopher; the story of our internal environment, by Prof. Homer W. Smith (1895-1962) as a template. Prof. Smith's views exemplified the invention of glomeruli, or its abolishment, as a mechanism to filter water. Moreover, with the need to preserve water, as in reptiles, the loop of Henle was introduced to concentrate urine. When compared to smaller mammals, the larger ones, albeit having loops of Henle of similar lengths, demonstrated a distinct packing of the nephrons in kidneys. Moreover, the renal portal system degenerated in mammals, while still present in other vertebrates. This account will present with a critique of the current concepts of renal evolution while examining how various other factors, including the ones that we know more about now, such as genetic factors, synchronize to achieve renal development. Finally, it will try to assess the validity of ideas laid by Prof. Smith with the knowledge that we possess now, and understand the complex architecture that evolution has imprinted on the kidneys during its struggle to survive over epochs.
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38
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Li H, Patel V, DiMartino SE, Froehlich JW, Lee RS. An in-depth Comparison of the Pediatric and Adult Urinary N-glycomes. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1767-1776. [PMID: 32737218 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed an in-depth characterization and comparison of the pediatric and adult urinary glycomes using a nanoLC-MS/MS based glycomics method, which included normal healthy pediatric (1-10 years, n = 21) and adult (21-50 years, n = 22) individuals. A total of 116 N-glycan compositions were identified, and 46 of them could be reproducibly quantified. We performed quantitative comparisons of the 46 glycan compositions between different age and sex groups. The results showed significant quantitative changes between the pediatric and adult cohorts. The pediatric urinary N-glycome was found to contain a higher level of high-mannose (HM), asialylated/afucosylated glycans (excluding HM), neutral fucosylated and agalactosylated glycans, and a lower level of trisialylated glycans compared with the adult. We further analyzed gender-associated glycan changes in the pediatric and adult group, respectively. In the pediatric group, there was almost no difference of glycan levels between males and females. In adult, the majority of glycans were more abundant in males than females, except the high-mannose and tetrasialylated glycans. These findings highlight the importance to consider age-matching and adult sex-matching for urinary glycan studies. The identified normal pediatric and adult urinary glycomes can serve as a baseline reference for comparisons to other disease states affected by glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Li
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Viral Patel
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shannon E DiMartino
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John W Froehlich
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Richard S Lee
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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39
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Kliewe F, Kaling S, Lötzsch H, Artelt N, Schindler M, Rogge H, Schröder S, Scharf C, Amann K, Daniel C, Lindenmeyer MT, Cohen CD, Endlich K, Endlich N. Fibronectin is up-regulated in podocytes by mechanical stress. FASEB J 2019; 33:14450-14460. [PMID: 31675484 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900978rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the central causes of kidney damage. In the past it was shown that glomerular hypertension leads to morphologic changes of podocytes and effacement and is responsible for detachment of these postmitotic cells. Because we have shown that podocytes are mechanosensitive and respond to mechanical stress by reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in vitro, we look for mechanotransducers in podocytes. In this study, we demonstrate that the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin (Fn1) might be a potential candidate. The present study shows that Fn1 is essential for the attachment of podocytes during mechanical stress. By real-time quantitative PCR as well as by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we found a significant up-regulation of Fn1 caused by mechanical stretch (3 d, 0.5 Hz, and 5% extension). To study the role of Fn1 in cultured podocytes under mechanical stress, Fn1 was knocked down (Fn1 KD) by a specific small interfering RNA. Additionally, we established a Fn1 knockout (KO) podocyte cell line (Fn1 KO) by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9). During mechanical stress, a significant loss of podocytes (>80%) was observed in Fn1 KD as well as Fn1 KO podocytes compared with control cells. Furthermore, Fn1 KO podocytes showed a significant down-regulation of the focal adhesion proteins talin, vinculin, and paxillin and a reduced cell spreading, indicating an important role of Fn1 in adhesion. Analyses of kidney sections from patients with diabetic nephropathy have shown a significant up-regulation of FN1 in contrast to control biopsies. In summary, we show that Fn1 plays an important role in the adaptation of podocytes to mechanical stress.-Kliewe, F., Kaling, S., Lötzsch, H., Artelt, N., Schindler, M., Rogge, H., Schröder, S., Scharf, C., Amann, K., Daniel, C., Lindenmeyer, M. T., Cohen, C. D., Endlich, K., Endlich, N. Fibronectin is up-regulated in podocytes by mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kliewe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sören Kaling
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henriette Lötzsch
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nadine Artelt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schindler
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henrik Rogge
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sindy Schröder
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Scharf
- Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, University Medicine Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, University Medicine Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karlhans Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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40
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Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors ensuring the mechanical connection between cells and the extracellular matrix. In addition to the anchorage of cells to the extracellular matrix, these receptors have critical functions in intracellular signaling, but are also taking center stage in many physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we provide some historical, structural, and physiological notes so that the diverse functions of these receptors can be appreciated and put into the context of the emerging field of mechanobiology. We propose that the exciting journey of the exploration of these receptors will continue for at least another new generation of researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bachmann
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Sampo Kukkurainen
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
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41
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Abstract
Finding new therapeutic targets of glomerulosclerosis treatment is an ongoing quest. Due to a living environment of various stresses and pathological stimuli, podocytes are prone to injuries; moreover, as a cell without proliferative potential, loss of podocytes is vital in the pathogenesis of glomerulosclerosis. Thus, sufficient understanding of factors and underlying mechanisms of podocyte injury facilitates the advancement of treating and prevention of glomerulosclerosis. The clinical symptom of podocyte injury is proteinuria, sometimes with loss of kidney functions progressing to glomerulosclerosis. Injury-induced changes in podocyte physiology and function are actually not a simple passive process, but a complex interaction of proteins that comprise the anatomical structure of podocytes at molecular levels. This chapter lists several aspects of podocyte injuries along with potential mechanisms, including glucose and lipid metabolism disorder, hypertension, RAS activation, micro-inflammation, immune disorder, and other factors. These aspects are not technically separated items, but intertwined with each other in the pathogenesis of podocyte injuries.
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42
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Hwang S, Takimoto T, Hemler ME. Integrin-independent support of cancer drug resistance by tetraspanin CD151. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1595-1604. [PMID: 30778617 PMCID: PMC6439156 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tetraspanin protein CD151 has typically been studied as binding partner and functional regulator of laminin-binding integrins. However, we show here that CD151 supports anti-cancer drug resistance independent of integrins. CD151 ablation sensitized multiple tumor cell types to several anti-cancer drugs (e.g., gefitinib and camptothecin), thus increasing apoptosis, as seen using cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase), annexin V, and propidium iodide staining assays. Drug sensitization due to CD151 ablation is integrin-independent, because, (1) effects occurred in cells when integrins were unengaged with ligand, (2) integrin ablation (α3 and α6 subunits) did not mimic effects of CD151 ablation, (3) the CD151QRD mutant, with diminished integrin association, and CD151WT (unmutated CD151) similarly reconstituted drug protection, and (4) treatment with anti-cancer drugs selectively upregulated intracellular nonintegrin-associated CD151 (NIA-CD151), consistent with its role in drug resistance. Together, these results suggest that upregulated CD151 expression may support not only typical integrin-dependent functions, but also integrin-independent survival of circulating (and possibly metastatic) cancer cells during anti-cancer drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonyean Hwang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Rm SM-520C, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Takayuki Takimoto
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Rm SM-520C, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center 1180 Nagasone-cho, Kita-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 591-8555, Japan
| | - Martin E Hemler
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Rm SM-520C, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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43
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Funk SD, Lin MH, Miner JH. Alport syndrome and Pierson syndrome: Diseases of the glomerular basement membrane. Matrix Biol 2018; 71-72:250-261. [PMID: 29673759 PMCID: PMC6146048 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The glomerular basement membrane (GBM) is an important component of the kidney's glomerular filtration barrier. Like all basement membranes, the GBM contains type IV collagen, laminin, nidogen, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan. It is flanked by the podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells that both synthesize it and adhere to it. Mutations that affect the GBM's collagen α3α4α5(IV) components cause Alport syndrome (kidney disease with variable ear and eye defects) and its variants, including thin basement membrane nephropathy. Mutations in LAMB2 that impact the synthesis or function of laminin α5β2γ1 (LM-521) cause Pierson syndrome (congenital nephrotic syndrome with eye and neurological defects) and its less severe variants, including isolated congenital nephrotic syndrome. The very different types of kidney diseases that result from mutations in collagen IV vs. laminin are likely due to very different pathogenic mechanisms. A better understanding of these mechanisms should lead to targeted therapeutic approaches that can help people with these rare but important diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Funk
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Meei-Hua Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Miner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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44
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Fibulin-2 is required for basement membrane integrity of mammary epithelium. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14139. [PMID: 30237579 PMCID: PMC6148073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibulin-2 (FBLN2) is a secreted extracellular matrix glycoprotein which has been associated with tissue development and remodelling. In the mouse mammary gland, FBLN2 can be detected during ductal morphogenesis in cap cells and myoepithelial cells at puberty and early pregnancy, respectively. In an attempt to assign its function, we knocked down Fbln2 in the mouse mammary epithelial cell line EpH4. FBLN2 reduction led to an increase in the size of spheroidal structures when compared to scrambled control shRNA-transduced cells plated on Matrigel matrix. This phenotype was associated with a disruption of the collagen IV sheath around the epithelial spheroids and downregulation of integrin β1, suggesting a role for FBLN2 in stabilizing the basement membrane (BM). In contrast to mice, in normal adult human breast tissue, FBLN2 was detected in ductal stroma, and in the interlobular stroma, but was not detectable within the lobular regions. In tissue sections of 65 breast cancers FBLN2 staining was lost around malignant cells with retained staining in the neighbouring histologically normal tissue margins. These results are consistent with a role of FBLN2 in mammary epithelial BM stability, and that its down-regulation in breast cancer is associated with loss of the BM and early invasion.
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45
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Kiyozumi D, Taniguchi Y, Nakano I, Toga J, Yagi E, Hasuwa H, Ikawa M, Sekiguchi K. Laminin γ1 C-terminal Glu to Gln mutation induces early postimplantation lethality. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1:e201800064. [PMID: 30456378 PMCID: PMC6238537 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryos with an ablated ability of integrins to bind laminins are still able to form basement membranes, but die just after implantation because of deficient extraembryonic development. Laminin–integrin interactions regulate various adhesion-dependent cellular processes. γ1C-Glu, the Glu residue in the laminin γ1 chain C-terminal tail, is crucial for the binding of γ1-laminins to several integrin isoforms. Here, we investigated the impact of γ1C Glu to Gln mutation on γ1-laminin binding to all possible integrin partners in vitro, and found that the mutation specifically ablated binding to α3, α6, and α7 integrins. To examine the physiological significance of γ1C-Glu, we generated a knock-in allele, Lamc1EQ, in which the γ1C Glu to Gln mutation was introduced. Although Lamc1EQ/EQ homozygotes developed into blastocysts and deposited laminins in their basement membranes, they died just after implantation because of disordered extraembryonic development. Given the impact of the Lamc1EQ allele on embryonic development, we developed a knock-in mouse strain enabling on-demand introduction of the γ1C Glu to Gln mutation by the Cre-loxP system. The present study has revealed a crucial role of γ1C-Glu–mediated integrin binding in postimplantation development and provides useful animal models for investigating the physiological roles of laminin–integrin interactions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Kiyozumi
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukimasa Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Itsuko Nakano
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junko Toga
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emiko Yagi
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hasuwa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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46
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Gong X, Guo X, Huang R, Liao H, Zhang Q, Yan J, Luo L, Zhang Q, Qiu A, Sun Y, Liang X. Expression of ILK in renal stroma is essential for multiple aspects of renal development. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F374-F385. [PMID: 29638158 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00509.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney development involves reciprocal and inductive interactions between the ureteric bud (UB) and surrounding metanephric mesenchyme. Signals from renal stromal lineages are essential for differentiation and patterning of renal epithelial and mesenchymal cell types and renal vasculogenesis; however, underlying mechanisms remain not fully understood. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a key component of integrin signaling pathway, plays an important role in kidney development. However, the role of ILK in renal stroma remains unknown. Here, we ablated ILK in renal stromal lineages using a platelet-derived growth factor receptor B ( Pdgfrb) -Cre mouse line, and the resulting Ilk mutant mice presented postnatal growth retardation and died within 3 wk of age with severe renal developmental defects. Pdgfrb-Cre;Ilk mutant kidneys exhibited a significant decrease in UB branching and disrupted collecting duct formation. From E16.5 onward, renal interstitium was disorganized, forming medullary interstitial pseudocysts. Pdgfrb-Cre;Ilk mutants exhibited renal vasculature mispatterning and impaired glomerular vascular differentiation. Impaired glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor/Ret and bone morphogenetic protein 7 signaling pathways were observed in Pdgfrb-Cre;Ilk mutant kidneys. Furthermore, phosphoproteomic and Western blot analyses revealed a significant dysregulation of a number of key signaling pathways required for kidney morphogenesis, including PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK in Pdgfrb-Cre;Ilk mutants. Our results revealed a critical requirement for ILK in renal-stromal and vascular development, as well as a noncell autonomous role of ILK in UB branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Gong
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiaoxia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Ru Huang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Huimin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Qingquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Lina Luo
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Qitong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Andong Qiu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yunfu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xingqun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
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Constitutional absence of epithelial integrin α3 impacts the composition of the cellular microenvironment of ILNEB keratinocytes. Matrix Biol 2018; 74:62-76. [PMID: 30466509 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Integrin α3β1, a major epidermal adhesion receptor is critical for organization of the basement membrane during development and wound healing. Integrin α3 deficiency leads to interstitial lung disease, nephrotic syndrome and epidermolysis bullosa (ILNEB), an autosomal recessive multiorgan disease characterized by basement membrane abnormalities in skin, lung and kidney. The pathogenetic chains from ITGA3 mutation to tissue abnormalities are still unclear. Although integrin α3 was reported to regulate multiple extracellular proteins, the composition of the extracellular compartment of integrin α3-negative keratinocytes has not been resolved so far. In a comprehensive approach, quantitative proteomics of deposited extracellular matrix, conditioned cultured media as well as of the intracellular compartment of keratinocytes isolated from an ILNEB patient and from normal skin were performed. By mass spectrometry-based proteomics, 167 proteins corresponding to the GO terms "extracellular" and "cell adhesion", or included in the "human matrisome" were identified in the deposited extracellular matrix, and 217 in the conditioned media of normal human keratinocytes. In the absence of integrin α3, 33% and 26% respectively were dysregulated. Dysregulated proteins were functionally related to integrin α3 or were known interaction partners. The results show that in the absence of integrin α3 ILNEB keratinocytes produce a fibronectin-rich microenvironment and make use of fibronectin-binding integrin subunits αv and α5. The most important results were validated in monolayer and organotypic coculture models. Finally, the in vivo relevance of the most dysregulated components was demonstrated by immunostainings of skin, kidney and lung samples of three ILNEB patients.
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Omar MH, Kerrisk Campbell M, Xiao X, Zhong Q, Brunken WJ, Miner JH, Greer CA, Koleske AJ. CNS Neurons Deposit Laminin α5 to Stabilize Synapses. Cell Rep 2018; 21:1281-1292. [PMID: 29091766 PMCID: PMC5776391 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses in the developing brain are structurally dynamic but become stable by early adulthood. We demonstrate here that an α5-subunit-containing laminin stabilizes synapses during this developmental transition. Hippocampal neurons deposit laminin α5 at synapses during adolescence as connections stabilize. Disruption of laminin α5 in neurons causes dramatic fluctuations in dendritic spine head size that can be rescued by exogenous α5-containing laminin. Conditional deletion of laminin α5 in vivo increases dendritic spine size and leads to an age-dependent loss of synapses accompanied by behavioral defects. Remaining synapses have larger postsynaptic densities and enhanced neurotransmission. Finally, we provide evidence that laminin α5 acts through an integrin α3β1-Abl2 kinase-p190RhoGAP signaling cascade and partners with laminin β2 to regulate dendritic spine density and behavior. Together, our results identify laminin α5 as a stabilizer of dendritic spines and synapses in the brain and elucidate key cellular and molecular mechanisms by which it acts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell H Omar
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Meghan Kerrisk Campbell
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Qiaonan Zhong
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - William J Brunken
- Department of Ophthalmology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Miner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Charles A Greer
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Anthony J Koleske
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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Schneider M, Al-Shareffi E, Haltiwanger RS. Biological functions of fucose in mammals. Glycobiology 2018; 27:601-618. [PMID: 28430973 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucose is a 6-deoxy hexose in the l-configuration found in a large variety of different organisms. In mammals, fucose is incorporated into N-glycans, O-glycans and glycolipids by 13 fucosyltransferases, all of which utilize the nucleotide-charged form, GDP-fucose, to modify targets. Three of the fucosyltransferases, FUT8, FUT12/POFUT1 and FUT13/POFUT2, are essential for proper development in mice. Fucose modifications have also been implicated in many other biological functions including immunity and cancer. Congenital mutations of a Golgi apparatus localized GDP-fucose transporter causes leukocyte adhesion deficiency type II, which results in severe developmental and immune deficiencies, highlighting the important role fucose plays in these processes. Additionally, changes in levels of fucosylated proteins have proven as useful tools for determining cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Chemically modified fucose analogs can be used to alter many of these fucose dependent processes or as tools to better understand them. In this review, we summarize the known roles of fucose in mammalian physiology and pathophysiology. Additionally, we discuss recent therapeutic advances for cancer and other diseases that are a direct result of our improved understanding of the role that fucose plays in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Esam Al-Shareffi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Animal Models of the Neuromuscular Junction, Vitally Informative for Understanding Function and the Molecular Mechanisms of Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051326. [PMID: 29710836 PMCID: PMC5983836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction is the point of contact between motor nerve and skeletal muscle, its vital role in muscle function is reliant on the precise location and function of many proteins. Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a heterogeneous group of disorders of neuromuscular transmission with 30 or more implicated proteins. The use of animal models has been instrumental in determining the specific role of many CMS-related proteins. The mouse neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has been extensively studied in animal models of CMS due to its amenability for detailed electrophysiological and histological investigations and relative similarity to human NMJ. As well as their use to determine the precise molecular mechanisms of CMS variants, where an animal model accurately reflects the human phenotype they become useful tools for study of therapeutic interventions. Many of the animal models that have been important in deconvolving the complexities of neuromuscular transmission and revealing the molecular mechanisms of disease are highlighted.
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